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Ver. 25.01
Jan. 2nd, 2024

516.0000 Family Lamiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 355 (1820), nom. cons., nom. alt.
243 genera, ca. 7800 spp.
Species listed in database: 7791; hybrids: 381
= Aegiphilaceae Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 161 (1838)
= Ajugaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. 375 (1843)
= Chloanthaceae Hutch.; Fam. Fl. Pl., ed. 2: 396 (1959)
= Glechomaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 288 (1820)
= Labiatae Juss.; Gen. Pl. 110 (1789), nom. cons.
= Melissaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 245 (1820)
= Melittidaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 390 (1820)
= Menthaceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 969, 1095, 1106 (1835)
= Monardaceae Döll; Fl. Baden [Döll] 2: 661 (1858)
= Nepetaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 245 (1820)
= Salazariaceae F.A.Barkley; Phytologia 32: 304 (1975)
= Salviaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 245 (1820)
= Saturejaceae Döll; Fl. Baden [Döll] 2: 664. med (1858)
= Scutellariaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. 373 (1843)
= Siphonanthaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 87 (1838)
= Stachydaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. 366 (1843)
= Symphoremataceae Wight; Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. [Wight] 4(3): 13 (1849)
= Viticaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. 106 (1789)
516.4538 Genus Ziziphora L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 21 (1753)
Distribution: Mediterranean, Southeast Europe, W-(incl. Caucasus), SW- and Middle Asia eastward to S-Siberia, Mongolia, W-China, and Afghanistan
Species listed in database: 14
= Zwingeria Heist. ex Fabr.; Enum. [Fabricius] 59 (1759)
= Faldermannia Trautv.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 6: 185 (1840)
species :
Ziziphora aragonensis Pau; Bol. Soc. Iber. Ci. Nat. 20: 184 (1921 publ. 1922)
Distribution: E-Spain
12 SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Calamintha rotundifolia Loscos & J.Pardo; H. M. Willk. (ed.), Ser. Inconf. Pl. Aragon. 82 (1863), nom. illeg.
= Clinopodium rotundifolium Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 515 (1891)
= Thymus acinos Asso; Syn. Stirp. Aragon. 77 (1779), nom. illeg.
= Ziziphora acinoides Willk. & Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 428 (1868), sensu auct.
= Ziziphora hispanica subsp. aragonensis (Pau) O.Bolòs ex Greuter, Burdet & G.Long; Greuter et al., Med-Checkl. 3: 395 (1986)
species :
Ziziphora capitata L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 21 (1753)
subspecies :
subsp. capitata
Distribution: Germany [I]; Italy; ?Montenegro; ?Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (scattered mainland, incl. Thasos, Samothraki); S-European Russia; Crimea; +Morocco; +Algeria; +Tunisia; Egypt (NE-Egypt); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jazira, NW-Syria, Jbel Druze, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, Judean Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania)
11 ger 13 ALB BUL GRC ITA KOS NMA ROM TUE 14 KRY RUS 20 ALG EGY MOR TUN 32 KAZ TKM TZK 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 CYP IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cunila capitata (L.) L.f.; Suppl. Pl. 87 (1782)
= Ziziphora alpina Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: 4 (1768)
= Ziziphora capitellata Juz.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., ed.] 21: 671 (1954)
= Ziziphora clinopodioides var. integrifolia K.Koch; Linnaea 17: 293 (1844)
= Ziziphora compacta Friv.; Flora (Regensburg) 18: 336 (1835)
= Ziziphora glomerata Friv. ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 3: 370 (1849)
subspecies :
subsp. orientalis Sam. ex Rech.f.; Ark. Bot. 115: 535 (1951)
Distribution: Turkmenistan; Iraq; Iran; Syria
32 TKM 34 IRN IRQ SYR
Synonyms: hidden
= Ziziphora capitata var. pumila Pau & Vicioso; (1918)
species :
Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam.; Illustr. 1: 63 (1791), M. Bieb. Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 17 (1808)
subspecies :
subsp. clinopodioides
Distribution: S-European Russia; Siberia (Altai, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, E-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Mongolia
14 RUS 30 SIB 32 KAZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN IRQ LEB TUR 37 MON
Synonyms: hidden
= Thymus lucidus Ehrh.; Beitr. Naturk. Verw. Wiss. 7: 150 (1792)
= Thymus punctatus Willd.; Phytographia 8 (1794)
= Ziziphora acinoides Pall.; Reise Russ. Reich. 3: 362 (1776), nom. illeg.
= Ziziphora borzhomica Juz. ex Grossh.; Opred. Rast. Kavk. 343 (1949)
= Ziziphora brevicalyx Juz.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., ed.] 21: 665 (1954)
= Ziziphora canescens Benth.; Labiat. Gen. Spec. 321 (1833)
= Ziziphora cunila Desf.; Tabl. École Bot. 55 (1804)
= Ziziphora dasyantha M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 18 (1808)
= Ziziphora denticulata Juz.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., ed.] 21: 669 (1954)
= Ziziphora dzhavakhishvilii Juz.; Spisok Rast. Gerb. Fl. S.S.S.R. Bot. Inst. Vsesojuzn. Akad. Nauk 14: 67 (1957)
= Ziziphora glabrata Rech.f.; Phyton (Horn) 3: 170 (1951)
= Ziziphora gundelsheimeri K.Koch; Linnaea 17: 293 (1844)
= Ziziphora media Link; Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 17 (1821)
= Ziziphora mussini Adams; Beitr. Naturk. [Weber & Mohr] 1: 43 (1805)
= Ziziphora nummularia Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 4, 1: 33 (1854)
= Ziziphora odoratissima Lodd. ex Schult.; Mant. 1 [Schultes] 178 (1822)
= Ziziphora serpyllacea M.Bieb.; Tabl. Prov. Mer Casp. 111 (1798)
= Ziziphora turcomanica Juz.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., ed.] 21: 665 (1954)
subspecies :
subsp. afghanica (Rech.f.) Rech.f.; Fl. Iranica 150: 488 (1982)
Distribution: Turkmenistan; Iran; Afghanistan (Badakshan, Baghlan, Bamyan, Ghazni, Herat, Kabul, Kunar / Nuristan, Logar, Wardak, Paktia / Khost, Parwan, Takhar); Pakistan (Chitral, Baluchistan, Quetta, Kurram)
32 TKM 34 AFG IRN 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Ziziphora afghanica Rech.f.; Phyton 3: 169 (1951)
= Ziziphora clinopodioides var. benthamii Prain; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 59: 303 (1890 publ. 1891)
subspecies :
subsp. brantii (K.Koch) Dirmenci, Celep & Ghaz.; Phytotaxa 592(3): 284 (2023)
Distribution: Armenia; NE-Turkey
33 ARM 34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Ziziphora brantii K.Koch; Linnaea 17: 294 (1843)
subspecies :
subsp. brevistamina Haloob; Phytotaxa 592(3): 282 (2023)
Distribution: Iraq
34 IRQ
subspecies :
subsp. bungeana (Juz.) Rech.f.; Fl. Iranica 150: 487 (1982)
Distribution: Siberia (Altai); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Iran; China (Xinjiang); Mongolia
30 SIB 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 34 IRN 36 CHI 37 MON
Synonyms: hidden
= Ziziphora bungeana Juz.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., ed.] 21: 664 (1954)
subspecies :
subsp. elbursensis (Rech.f.) Rech.f.; Fl. Iranica 150: 487 (1982)
Distribution: Iraq; C-Iran; W-Iran
34 IRN IRQ
Synonyms: hidden
= Ziziphora elbursensis Rech.f.; Phyton 3: 169 (1951)
subspecies :
subsp. filicaulis (Rech.f.) Rech.f.; Fl. Iranica 150: 486 (1982)
Distribution: C-Iran
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Ziziphora filicaulis Rech.f.; Phyton 3: 167 (1951)
subspecies :
subsp. interrupta (Juz.) Sennikov; Checkl. Vasc. Pl. Tian-Shan 352 (2021)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Tajikistan
32 KAZ TZK UZB
Synonyms: hidden
= Ziziphora interrupta Juz.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., ed.] 21: 667 (1954)
subspecies :
subsp. kurdica (Rech.f.) Rech.f.; Fl. Iranica 150: 487 (1982)
Distribution: Iraq; W-Iran
34 IRN IRQ
Synonyms: hidden
= Ziziphora kurdica Rech.f.; Phyton 3: 167 (1951)
subspecies :
subsp. pamiroalaica (Juz.) Sennikov & Lazkov; Checkl. Vasc. Pl. Tian-Shan 352 (2021)
Distribution: Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; China (Xinjiang); Mongolia
32 KGZ TZK UZB 36 CHI 37 MON
Synonyms: hidden
= Ziziphora pamiroalaica Juz. ex Nevski; Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 4: 328 (1937)
= Ziziphora clinopodioides subsp. tomentosa (Juz.) Kamelin & Gubanov; Gubanov, Konsp. Fl. Vneshnei Mongolii (Sosud. Rast.): 90 (1996)
= Ziziphora pulchella Pavlov; Vestn. Akad. Nauk Kazakhsk. S.S.R., No. 8 (113) 133 (1954)
= Ziziphora tomentosa Juz.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., ed.] -21: 667 (1954)
subspecies :
subsp. pseudodasyantha (Rech.f.) Rech.f.; Fl. Iranica 150: 485 (1982)
Distribution: Armenia; Azerbaijan (Talysh); Iran; Afghanistan (Badakshan, Wakhan, Baghlan, Bamyan, Farah, Ghazni, Ghorat, Herat, Kabul, Kunar / Nuristan, Wardak, Orozgan / Daykundi, Parwan, Takhar); Pakistan (Chitral)
33 ARM AZE 34 AFG IRN 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Ziziphora biebersteiniana (Grossh.) Grossh.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 44(2): 237 (1927)
= Ziziphora clinopodioides var. biebersteiniana Grossh.; Trudy Tiflissk. Bot. Sada, Ser. 2, 1: 18 (1920)
= Ziziphora pseudodasyantha Rech.f.; Phyton 3: 167 (1951)
subspecies :
subsp. rigida (Boiss.) Rech.f.; Fl. Iranica 150: 483 (1982)
Distribution: Turkmenistan; Armenia; Azerbaijan (Talysh); Iraq; Iran; Afghanistan (Balkh, Bamyan, Farah, Faryab, Ghazni); Pakistan
32 TKM 33 ARM AZE 34 AFG IRN IRQ 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Ziziphora clinopodioides var. rigida Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4(2): 586 (1879)
= Ziziphora rigida (Boiss.) Heinr.Braun; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 39: 239 (1889)
= Ziziphora fasciculata K.Koch ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4(2): 586 (1879)
= Ziziphora fasciculata K.Koch ex Rech.f.; Phyton (Horn) 3: 168 (1951)
subspecies :
subsp. ronnigeri (Nábelek) Rech.f.; Fl. Iranica 150: 485 (1982)
Distribution: N-Iraq; Iran
34 IRN IRQ
Synonyms: hidden
= Ziziphora ronnigeri Nábelek; Publ. Fac. Sci. Univ. Masaryk, Brno, No. 70, 46 (1926)
subspecies :
subsp. szowitsii (Rech.f.) Rech.f.; Fl. Iranica 150: 484 (1982)
Distribution: Armenia; NW-Iran
33 ARM 34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Ziziphora szowitsii Rech.f.; Phyton 3: 166 (1951)
species :
Ziziphora galinae Juz.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., ed.] 21: 666 (1954)
Distribution: Turkmenistan
32 TKM
species :
Ziziphora hispanica L.; Cent. Pl. 1: 3 (1755)
Distribution: E-Spain; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia
12 SPA 20 ALG MOR TUN
Synonyms: hidden
= Ziziphora spicata Cav.; Descr. Pl. 20 (1801)
species :
Ziziphora pedicellata Pazij & Vved.; Fl. Uzbekist. 5: 398, 638 (1961)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan
32 KAZ KGZ UZB
species :
Ziziphora persica Bunge; Mém. Acad. Sci. Pétersb. Ser. 7, 21(1): 39 (1873)
Distribution: Crimea (near Simferopol); Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Tajikistan; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran)
14 KRY 32 TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM GEO 34 IRN TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Faldermannia persica (Bunge) Nevski; Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 4: 328 (1937)
= Ziziphora acinoides L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 22 (1753)
= Ziziphora subcapitata Hausskn. & Bornm.; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Vereins N. F. 6: 67 (1894)
= Ziziphora thymifolia Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 72 (1796), nom. illeg.
species :
Ziziphora puschkinii Adams; Weber & Mohr, Beitr. 1: 42 (1805)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Azerbaijan
33 AZE GEO NCS
Synonyms: hidden
= Ziziphora karjaginii Ter-Chatsch.; Notul. Syst. Geogr. Thbilissiensis 18: 58 (1955)
species :
Ziziphora raddei Juz.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., ed.] 21: 669 (1954)
Distribution: Armenia
33 ARM
Synonyms: hidden
= Ziziphora magakjanii Ter-Chatsch.; Notul. Syst. Geogr. Thbilissiensis 18: 59 (1955)
species :
Ziziphora suffruticosa Pazij & Vved.; Fl. Uzbekist. 5: 396, 637 (1961)
Distribution: Uzbekistan; Tajikistan
32 TZK UZB
species :
Ziziphora taurica M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 414 (1808)
subspecies :
subsp. taurica
Distribution: Crimea; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iraq (NW-Iraq, W-Iraq: Desert); Syria (Jazira)
14 KRY 34 IRQ SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Dracocephalum cuniloides Pall.; Reise Russ. Reich. 2: 221 (1773)
= Dracocephalum odoratissimum Poir.; Encycl. [J. Lamarck et al.] Suppl. 2: 521 (1812)
= Thymbra spicata Pall. ex M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 3: 259 (1819) non L.
= Ziziphora abd-el-azizii Hand.-Mazz.; Ann. K.K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 27: 419, t. 28, f. 3 (1913)
= Ziziphora alpina Freyn; Bull. Herb. Boissier 4: 134 (1896), nom. illeg.
= Ziziphora lanceolata Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4(2): 588 (1879)
subspecies :
subsp. cleonioides (Boiss.) Davis; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 21: 69 (1952)
Distribution: East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos); Turkey
34 EAI TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Ziziphora cleonioides Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 5: 14 (1844)
= Faldermannia cleonioides (Boiss.) Ter-Chatsch.; Zametki Sist. Geogr. Rast. 17: 73 (1953)
species :
Ziziphora tenuior L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 21 (1753)
Distribution: E-Ukraine; Crimea; Algeria; Siberia (W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Armenia; East Aegaean Isl. (Chios, Samos); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iraq (NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia, W-Iraq: Desert); Iran (E-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Iran (S-Iran); Afghanistan (Badakshan, Badghys, Baghlan, Balkh, Bamyan, Farah, Faryab, Ghazni, Herat, Kabul, Kandahar, Laghman, Logar, Orozgan / Daykundi, Paktia / Khost, Parwan, Samangan, Zabul); Lebanon (Antilebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jazira, NW-Syria); Israel (Rift Valley, Judean Desert); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Oman (Mascat & Oman); China (Xinjiang); Pakistan (Baluchistan, Quetta, Kurram, Chitral)
14 KRY UKR 20 ALG 30 SIB 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM 34 AFG EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR 35 OMA 36 CHI 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Faldermannia parviflora Trautv.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 7: 22 (1840)
= Faldermannia tenuior (L.) Ter-Chatsch.; Zametki Sist. Geogr. Rast. 17: 73 (1953)
= Ziziphora acutifolia Montbret & Aucher ex Benth.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 2, 6: 43 (1836)
= Ziziphora parviflora (Trautv.) Des.-Shost.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 8: 156 (1940)
= Ziziphora serpyllacea Ten.; Syll. Pl. Fl. Neapol. 16 (1831), nom. illeg.
= Ziziphora spicata Lag. & Rodr.; Anal. Cienc. Nat. 4: 259 (1801)
species :
Ziziphora vichodceviana Tkatsch. ex Tulyag.; Opred. Rast. Sred. Azii 9: 362 (1987)
Distribution: Kazakhstan
32 KAZ
species :
Ziziphora woronowii Maleev; Trav. Inst. Bot. Tiflis 1: 120 (1934)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]
33 GEO NCS
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.01 (January 2nd, 2025)

Covering 355,836 accepted species,
8,748 hybrids, 47,863 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,001,920 synonyms,
in total 1,418,260* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life