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Ver. 25.01
Jan. 2nd, 2024

124.0000 Family Melanthiaceae Batsch ex Borkh.; Bot. Wörterb. 2: 8 (1797), nom. cons.
16 genera, ca. 190 spp.
Species listed in database: 187; hybrids: 7
= Chionographidaceae Takht.; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 81(2): 85 (1996)
= Heloniadaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 4 (1858)
= Paridaceae Dumort.; Fl. Belg. [Dumortier] 131 (1827)
= Trilliaceae Chevall.; Fl. Gen. Env. Paris 2: 297 (1827), nom. cons.
= Veratraceae Salisb.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 8: 10 (1807)
= Xerophyllaceae Takht.; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 81(2): 86 (1996)
124.0403 Genus Trillium L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 339 (1753)
Distribution: mostly North America, C- and E-Asia (5)
Species listed in database: 51; hybrids: 6
= Delostylis Raf.; Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev. 4: 192 (1819)
= Esdra Salisb.; Gen. Pl. [Salisbury] 60 (1866)
= Huxhamia Garden; Linn. Corresp. 1: 366 (1821)
= Phyllantherum Raf.; J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. Arts 91: 72 (1820)
= Trillidium Kunth; Enum. Pl. [Kunth] 5: 120 (1850)
species :
Trillium albidum J.D.Freeman; Brittonia 27(1): 48 (1975)
subspecies :
subsp. albidum
Name: White toadshade
Distribution: USA (California, Oregon)
73 USA 76 USA
subspecies :
subsp. parviflorum (V.G.Soukup) K.L.Chambers & S.C.Meyers; J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5(2): 620 (2011)
Name: Small-flowered trillium
Distribution: USA (Oregon, Washington)
73 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Trillium parviflorum V.G.Soukup; Brittonia 32(3): 330 (1980)
species :
Trillium angustipetalum (Torr.) J.D.Freeman; Brittonia 27(1): 55 (1975)
Name: Narrow-petaled trillium
Distribution: USA (California, Sierra Nevada from Fresno County north to Placer County, Santa Barbara and San Luis Obispo counties)
76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Trillium chloropetalum var. angustipetalum (Torr.) Munz; Aliso 4: 88 (1958)
= Trillium giganteum var. angustipetalum (Torr.) R.R.Gates; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 4: 51 (1917)
= Trillium sessile var. angustipetalum Torr.; Pacif. Railr. Rep. 4(5): 151 (1857)
species :
Trillium apetalon Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 24: 137 (1910)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Sakhalin); Japan
31 RFE 38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Trillium apetalon f. album J.Samej.; Acta Horti Gothob. 25: 160 (1962)
= Trillium apetalon f. atropurpureocarpum Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 5: 28 (1928)
= Trillium apetalon f. tripetalum J.Samej.; Acta Horti Gothob. 25: 160 (1962)
= Trillium apetalon f. viridicarpum Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 5: 28 (1928)
= Trillium apetalon f. viridipurpureocarpum Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 5: 28 (1928)
= Trillium apetalon var. atropurpureocarpum (Makino) J.Samej.; Acta Horti Gothob. 25: 160 (1962)
= Trillium apetalon var. rubrocarpum J.Samej.; Acta Horti Gothob. 25: 160 (1962)
= Trillium apetalon var. viridipurpureocarpum (Makino) J.Samej.; Acta Horti Gothob. 25: 160 (1962)
= Trillium smallii f. atropurpureocarpum (Makino) Honda; Nom. Pl. Jap. 520 (1939)
= Trillium smallii f. viridicarpum (Makino) Honda; Nom. Pl. Jap. 520 (1939)
= Trillium smallii f. viridipurpureocarpum (Makino) Honda; Nom. Pl. Jap. 520 (1939)
species :
Trillium camschatcense Ker Gawl.; Bot. Mag. 22: sub t. 855 (1805)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Kuril Isl., Primorye, Sakhalin); NE-China (Jilin); North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido)
31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO
Synonyms: hidden
= Trillium camschatcense f. plenum (J.Samej.) H.Nakai & Koji Ito; J. Jap. Bot. 66(1): 55 (1991)
= Trillium camschatcense f. polyphyllum (J.Samej.) H.Nakai & Koji Ito; J. Jap. Bot. 66(1): 55 (1991)
= Trillium camschatcense f. violaceum (Miyabe & Tatew.) H.Nakai & Koji Ito; J. Jap. Bot. 66(1): 55 (1991)
= Trillium camschatcense var. kurilense (Tatew.) H.Nakai & Koji Ito; J. Jap. Bot. 66(1): 56 (1991)
= Trillium camschatcense var. soyanum (J.Samej.) H.Nakai & Koji Ito; J. Jap. Bot. 66(1): 56 (1991)
= Trillium erectum var. japonicum A.Gray; Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts, n. s. 6: 413 (1859)
= Trillium kamtschaticum f. plenum J.Samej.; Acta Horti Gothob. 25(6): 162 (1962)
= Trillium kamtschaticum f. polyphyllum J.Samej.; Acta Horti Gothob. 25(6): 162 (1962)
= Trillium kamtschaticum f. violaceum Miyabe & Tatew.; Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. 16(1): 7 (1939)
= Trillium kamtschaticum Pall. ex Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 1: 245 (1814)
= Trillium kamtschaticum var. kurilense Tatew.; Miyabe & Kudo, Fl. Hokkaido 3: 343 (1932)
= Trillium kamtschaticum var. soyanum J.Samej.; Acta Horti Gothob. 25(6): 162 (1962)
= Trillium pallasii Hultén; Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Acad. Handl. Ser. III, 5: No. 1, 252 (1927)
species :
Trillium catesbaei Elliott; Sketch 1: 429 (1817)
Name: Catesby´s trillium, bashful trillium
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee)
78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Delostylis cernuum Raf.; Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev. 4: 192 (1819), et J. Phys. 89: 102 (1819)
= Delostylis stylosum (Nutt.) Raf.; Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev. 4: 192 (1819)
= Trillium affine Rendle; J. Bot. 39: 334 (1901)
= Trillium balduinianum Raf.; Autik. Bot. 135 (1840)
= Trillium declinatum Raf.; Autik. Bot. 135 (1840)
= Trillium nervosum Elliott; Sketch Bot. S. Carolina [Elliott] 1: 429 (1817)
= Trillium stylosum Nutt.; Gen. N. Amer. Pl. [Nuttall] 1: 239 (1818)
species :
Trillium cernuum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 339 (1753)
Name: Nodding trillium
Distribution: Canada (Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Québec, Saskatchewan); St. Pierre et Miquelon; USA (Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin)
71 CDN 72 CDN SPM 74 USA 75 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Trillium cernuum f. billingtonii Farw.; Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 21: 364 (1920)
= Trillium cernuum f. lalondei Cay. & J.Cay.; Naturaliste Canad. 111(3): 327 (1984)
= Trillium cernuum f. marginatum Cay. & J.Cay.; Naturaliste Canad. 111(3): 326 (1984)
= Trillium cernuum f. tangerae Wherry; Bartonia 23: 49 (1945)
= Trillium cernuum f. viride Cay. & J.Cay.; Naturaliste Canad. 111(3): 326 (1984)
= Trillium cernuum f. walpolei Farw.; Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 21: 363 (1920)
= Trillium cernuum var. declinatum Farw.; Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 21: 363 (1920)
= Trillium cernuum var. macranthum Eames & Wiegand; Rhodora 25: 191 (1923)
= Trillium cernuum var. terrae-novae B.Boivin; Rhodora 55: 101 (1953)
= Trillium glaucum Raf.; Med. Fl. 2: 102 (1830)
= Trillium hamosum Raf.; Med. Fl. 2: 101 (1830)
= Trillium latifolium Raf.; Med. Fl. 2: 96, 101 (1830)
= Trillium medium Raf.; Med. Fl. 2: 102 (1830)
species :
Trillium channellii Fukuda, J.D.Freeman & Itou; Novon 6(2): 164 (1996)
Distribution: Japan
38 JAP
species :
Trillium chloropetalum (Torr.) T.J.Howell; Fl. N.W. Amer. [Howell] 1: 661 (1902)
Name: Grünblütiges Dreiblatt (DE); Giant trillium (EN)
Distribution: Germany [I]; USA (California)
11 ger 76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Trillium giganteum var. chloropetalum (Torr.) R.R.Gates; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 4: 50 (1917)
= Trillium sessile var. chloropetalum Torr.; Pacif. Railr. Rep. 4(5): 151 (1857)
variant :
var. giganteum (Hook. & Arn.) Munz; Aliso 4: 88 (1958)
Distribution: W-USA (California: San Francisco Bay region)
76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Trillium chloropetalum subsp. giganteum (Hook. & Arn.) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 14: 20 (1984)
= Trillium giganteum (Hook. & Arn.) A.Heller; Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2: 67 (1903)
= Trillium sessile f. californicum (S.Watson) Farrer; Engl. Rock Gard. 2: 403 (1919)
= Trillium sessile subsp. giganteum (Hook. & Arn.) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 12: 25 (1982)
= Trillium sessile var. californicum S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 14: 273 (1879)
= Trillium sessile var. giganteum Hook. & Arn.; Bot. Beechey Voy. 402 (1840)
species :
Trillium crassifolium Piper; Erythea 7: 104 (1899)
Distribution: USA (Washington State: Wenatchee Mts.)
73 USA
species :
Trillium cuneatum Raf.; Autik. Bot. 133 (1840)
Name: Whip-poor-will flower, cuneate trillium, large toadshade, purple toadshade, bloody butcher, sweet betsy
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Michigan [I])
75 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Trillium cuneatum f. luteum J.D.Freeman; Brittonia 27(1): 36 (1975)
= Trillium hugeri Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 277 (1903)
= Trillium sessile var. praecox Nutt.; Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 5: 154 (1835)
species :
Trillium decipiens J.D.Freeman; Brittonia 27(1): 17 (1975)
Name: Deceiving trillium
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Florida, Georgia)
78 USA
species :
Trillium decumbens Harb.; Biltmore Bot. Stud. 1: 158 (1902)
Name: Decumbent trillium
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Georgia, Tennessee)
78 USA
species :
Trillium delicatum Floden & E.E.Schill.; Syst. Bot. 44(1): 110 (2019)
Distribution: USA (Georgia)
78 USA
species :
Trillium discolor Wray ex Hook.; Bot. Mag. t. 3097 (1831)
Name: Pale yellow trillium, small yellow toadshade
Distribution: USA (Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina)
78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Trillium luteum var. latipetalum R.R.Gates; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 4: 46 (1917)
= Trillium sessile var. wrayi S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 14: 273 (1879)
species :
Trillium erectum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 340 (1753)
Name: Wake robin, red trillium, stinking benjamin, stinking willie, birthwort
Distribution: Canada (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Québec); USA (Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia)
72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Trillium acuminatum Raf.; Med. Repos., Ser. 2, 5: 861 (1808)
= Trillium atropurpureum M.A.Curtis ex L.C.Beck; Bot. North. Middle States [Beck] 361 (1833)
= Trillium atropurpureum Raf.; Autik. Bot. 134 (1840), nom. illeg.
= Trillium erectum f. brevipedicellatum Louis-Marie; Rev. Oka Agron. Inst. Agric. 14: 150 (1940)
= Trillium erectum f. cahnae (Farw.) Louis-Marie; Rev. Oka Agron. Inst. Agric. 14: 153 (1940)
= Trillium erectum f. luteum Louis-Marie; Rev. Oka Agron. Inst. Agric. 14: 150 (1940)
= Trillium erectum f. nigrescens Louis-Marie; Rev. Oka Agron. Inst. Agric. 14: 151 (1940)
= Trillium erectum f. pallidandrum Vict. & J.Rousseau; Contr. Inst. Bot. Univ. Montréal 36: 66 (1940)
= Trillium erectum f. parviflorum Louis-Marie; Rev. Oka Agron. Inst. Agric. 14: 150 (1940)
= Trillium erectum f. parvum Louis-Marie; Rev. Oka Agron. Inst. Agric. 14: 150 (1940)
= Trillium erectum f. polymerum Vict.; Contr. Lab. Bot. Univ. Montréal 14: 30 (1929)
= Trillium erectum f. rubrostriatum Louis-Marie; Rev. Oka Agron. Inst. Agric. 14: 151 (1940)
= Trillium erectum f. sessiloides B.Boivin; Rhodora 55: 102 (1953)
= Trillium erectum f. viridiflorum (Curtis) Peattie; J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 42: 203 (1927)
= Trillium erectum subsp. rubrum Clute; Amer. Bot. (Binghamton) 9: 76 (1905)
= Trillium erectum var. atropurpureum (Michx.) Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 1: 245 (1813)
= Trillium erectum var. blandum Jennison; Rhodora 40: 486 (1938)
= Trillium erectum var. cahnae Farw.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 9: 266 (1925)
= Trillium erectum var. declinatum A.Gray; Manual [Gray] ed. 5: 523 (1867)
= Trillium erectum var. flavum Torr.; Fl. New York 2: 296 (1847)
= Trillium erectum var. giganteum Louis-Marie; Rev. Oka Agron. Inst. Agric. 14: 151 (1940)
= Trillium erectum var. horizontale Louis-Marie; Rev. Oka Agron. Inst. Agric. 14: 151 (1940)
= Trillium erectum var. sulcatum Barksd.; J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 54: 280 (1938)
= Trillium erectum var. viridiflorum Curtis; Bot. Mag. 60: t. 3250 (1833)
= Trillium flavum Raf.; Med. Fl. 2: 100 (1830)
= Trillium foetidum Salisb.; Parad. Lond., t. 35 (1806)
= Trillium nutans Raf.; Med. Fl. 2: 99 (1830)
= Trillium obovatum Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 1: 245 (1813)
= Trillium pendulum Willd.; Neue Schriften Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 3: 421 (1801)
= Trillium purpureum Elliott; Sketch Bot. S. Carolina [Elliott] 1: 430 (1817)
= Trillium rhomboideum Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Michaux] 1: 215 (1803)
= Trillium rhomboideum var. atropurpureum Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Michaux] 1: 215 (1803)
= Trillium spatulatum Raf.; Med. Fl. 2: 101 (1830)
variant :
var. album (Michx.) Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 1: 245 (1814)
Distribution: Canada (New Brunswick, Ontario, Québec); USA (Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia)
72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Trillium album (Michx.) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 278 (1903)
= Trillium erectum f. albiflorum R.Hoffm.; Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 36: 244 (1922)
= Trillium rhomboideum var. album Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Michaux] 1: 215 (1803)
species :
Trillium flexipes Raf.; Autik. Bot. 133 (1840)
Name: Bent trillium, declined trillium
Distribution: Canada (Ontario); USA (Alabama, Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin)
72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Trillium declinatum f. walpolei Friesner; Butler Univ. Bot. Stud. 3: 29 (1929)
= Trillium declinatum Gleason; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 33: 389 (1906), nom. illeg.
= Trillium gleasonii Fernald; Autik. Bot. 21 (1840)
species :
Trillium foetidissimum J.D.Freeman; Brittonia 27(1): 31 (1975)
Name: Stinking trillium, fetid trillium
Distribution: USA (Louisiana, Mississippi)
78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Trillium foetidissimum f. luteum J.D.Freeman; Brittonia 27(1): 32 (1975)
species :
Trillium georgianum S.B.Farmer; Phytotaxa 296(3): 287 (2017)
Distribution: USA (Georgia)
78 USA
species :
Trillium govanianum Wall.; (Numer. List [Wallich] 24, no. 812 (1829), nomen) ex D. Don in Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. [Royle] 384, t. 93, f. 1 (1839)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Kunar / Nuristan); S-Tibet; Pakistan (Chitral, Kurram, Swat); Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Himachal Pradesh, Himalayas, Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttaranchal, West Bengal)
34 AFG 36 TIB 40 BHU IND NEP PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Trillidium govanianum (Wall. ex Royle) Kunth; Enum. Pl. [Kunth] 5: 120 (1850)
species :
Trillium gracile J.D.Freeman; Sida 3: 289 (1969)
Name: Slender trillium, graceful trillium
Distribution: USA (Louisiana, Texas)
77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Trillium gracile f. luteum J.D.Freeman; Sida 3: 290 (1969)
species :
Trillium grandiflorum (Michx.) Salisb.; Parad. Lond. 1: plate 1 (1805)
Name: White trillium, great white trillium, white wake-robin, trille grandiflore
Distribution: Canada (Nova Scotia, Ontario, Québec); USA (Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin)
72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Trillium chandleri f. foliaceum Farw.; Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 20: 158 (1918)
= Trillium chandleri f. gladewitzii Farw.; Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 20: 158 (1918)
= Trillium chandleri f. palaceum Farw.; Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 20: 158 (1918)
= Trillium chandleri f. plenum Farw.; Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 20: 159 (1918)
= Trillium chandleri f. subulatum Farw.; Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 20: 158 (1918)
= Trillium chandleri Farw.; Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 20: 158 (1919)
= Trillium erythrocarpum Curtis; Bot. Mag. 22: t. 855 (1805), nom. illeg.
= Trillium grandiflorum f. chandleri (Farw.) Vict.; Contr. Lab. Bot. Univ. Montréal 14: 30 (1929)
= Trillium grandiflorum f. dimerum Louis-Marie; Rev. Oka Agron. Inst. Agric. 14: 146 (1940)
= Trillium grandiflorum f. divisum Louis-Marie; Rev. Oka Agron. Inst. Agric. 14: 148 (1940)
= Trillium grandiflorum f. elongatum Louis-Marie; Rev. Oka Agron. Inst. Agric. 14: 148 (1940)
= Trillium grandiflorum f. lirioides (Raf.) Vict.; Contr. Lab. Bot. Univ. Montréal 14: 30 (1929)
= Trillium grandiflorum f. petalosum Louis-Marie; Rev. Oka Agron. Inst. Agric. 14: 149 (1940)
= Trillium grandiflorum f. polymerum Vict.; Contr. Lab. Bot. Univ. Montréal 14: 31 (1929)
= Trillium grandiflorum f. regressum Louis-Marie; Rev. Oka Agron. Inst. Agric. 14: 149 (1940)
= Trillium grandiflorum f. roseum Farw.; Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 21: 364 (1919)
= Trillium grandiflorum f. striatum Louis-Marie; Rev. Oka Agron. Inst. Agric. 14: 147 (1940)
= Trillium grandiflorum f. viride Farw.; Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 20: 157 (1918)
= Trillium grandiflorum var. macropetalum Regel; Index Sem. (St. Petersburg [Petropolitanus]) 1868: 78 (1869)
= Trillium grandiflorum var. minimum N.Coleman; Cat. Fl. Pl. S. Peninsula Michigan 40 (1874)
= Trillium lirioides f. albomarginatum Farw.; Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 20: 157 (1918)
= Trillium lirioides f. giganteum Farw.; Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 20: 157 (1918)
= Trillium lirioides f. subsessile Farw.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 11: 51 (1928)
= Trillium lirioides f. ungulatum Farw.; Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 20: 158 (1918)
= Trillium lirioides f. variegatum Farw.; Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 20: 158 (1918)
= Trillium lirioides Raf.; Med. Fl. 2: 100 (1830)
= Trillium lirioides var. longipetiolatum Farw.; Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 20: 158 (1918)
= Trillium liroides f. vegetum Farw.; Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 20: 158 (1918)
= Trillium obcordatum Raf.; Med. Fl. 2: 101 (1830)
= Trillium rhomboideum var. grandiflorum Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Michaux] 1: 216 (1803)
species :
Trillium hibbersonii (T.M.C.Taylor & Szczaw.) D.O´Neill & S.B.Farmer; Phytotaxa 436(2): 193 (2020)
Distribution: Canada (British Columbia)
71 CDN
Synonyms: hidden
= Trillium ovatum f. hibbersonii T.M.C.Taylor & Szczaw.; Syesis 7: 250 (1974 publ. 1975)
= Trillium ovatum var. hibbersonii (T.M.C.Taylor & Szczaw.) G.W.Douglas & Pojar; Canad. Field-Naturalist 115: 343 (2001)
species :
Trillium kurabayashii J.D.Freeman; Brittonia 27(1): 56 (1975)
Distribution: USA (California, Oregon)
73 USA 76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Trillium kurabayashii f. luteum V.G.Soukup; Phytologia 50(4): 290 (1982)
species :
Trillium lancifolium Raf.; Autik. Bot. 132 (1840)
Name: Lance-leaved trillium
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, Tennessee)
78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Trillium lanceolatum Boykin ex S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 14: 274 (1879)
= Trillium recurvatum subsp. lanceolatum (S.Watson) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 13: 32 (1983)
= Trillium recurvatum var. lanceolatum S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 14: 273 (1879)
= Trillium tennesseense E.E.Schill. & Floden; Castanea 78: 145 (2013)
species :
Trillium ludovicianum Harb.; Biltmore Bot. Stud. 1: 23 (1901)
Name: Louisiana trillium
Distribution: USA (Louisiana, Mississippi)
78 USA
species :
Trillium luteum (Muhl.) Harb.; Biltmore Bot. Stud. 1: 21 (1901)
Name: Yellow trillium, yellow toadshade, wax trillium
Distribution: Canada [I] (Ontario [I]); USA (Georgia, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Michigan [I])
72 cdn 75 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Trillium cuneatum var. luteum (Muhl.) Ahles
= Trillium hugeri f. flavum Peattie; J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 42: 199 (1927)
= Trillium luteum f. simulans J.D.Freeman; Brittonia 27(1): 29 (1975)
= Trillium sessile f. luteum (Muhl.) Peattie; J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 42: 197 (1927)
= Trillium sessile var. luteum Muhl.; Cat. Pl. Amer. Sept. 38 (1813)
= Trillium underwoodii var. luteum (Muhl.) J.F.Macbr.; Contr. Gray Herb. 56: 19 (1918)
= Trillium viride var. luteum (Muhl.) Gleason; Phytologia 4: 23 (1952)
species :
Trillium maculatum Raf.; Med. Fl. 2: 103 (1830)
Name: Spotted trillium
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina)
78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Trillium maculatum f. luteum J.D.Freeman; Brittonia 27: 29 (1975)
= Trillium maculatum f. simulans J.D.Freeman; Brittonia 27: 29 (1975)
species :
Trillium nivale Riddell; Syn. Fl. W. St. 93 (1835)
Name: Snow trillium, dwarf white trillium
Distribution: USA (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, West Virginia, Wisconsin)
74 USA 75 USA 78 USA
species :
Trillium oettingeri (Munz & Thorne) M.Renner; Madroño 70(3): 166 (2024)
Name: Salmon Mountains wake-robin
Distribution: USA (California)
76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Trillium ovatum var. oettingeri (Munz & Thorne) Case; Taxon 50: 201 (2001)
= Trillium ovatum subsp. oettingeri Munz & Thorne; Aliso 8(1): 15 (1973)
species :
Trillium oostingii Gaddy; Phytologia 90(3): 383 (2008)
Name: Wateree Trillium
Distribution: USA (South Carolina: Richland Co.)
78 USA
species :
Trillium ovatum Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 1: 245 (1814)
Name: Western white trillium, white trillium
Distribution: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia); USA (California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming)
71 CDN 73 USA 76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Trillium californicum Kellogg; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2: 50 (1863)
= Trillium obovatum Hook.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Hooker] 2: 180 (1838)
= Trillium ovatum f. maculosum Case & R.B.Case; Trilliums 118 (1997)
= Trillium venosum R.R.Gates; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 4: 66 (1917)
species :
Trillium persistens W.H.Duncan; Rhodora 73(794): 244 (1971)
Distribution: USA (Georgia, South Carolina)
78 USA
Conservation Status: of conservation concern
species :
Trillium petiolatum Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 1: 244 (1814)
Name: Long-petioled trillium, purple trillium, round-leaved trillium
Distribution: USA (Idaho, Oregon, Washington)
73 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Trillium petiolatum f. luteum V.G.Soukup; Phytologia 50(4): 290 (1982)
species :
Trillium pusillum Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Michaux] 1: 215 (1803)
Name: Dwarf trillium, least trillium
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas)
74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Trillium angustifolium Raf.; Med. Fl. 2: 99 (1830)
= Trillium ozarkanum E.J.Palmer & Steyerm.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 22: 504 (1935)
= Trillium pumilum Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 1: 245 (1813)
= Trillium pusillum var. ozarkanum (E.J.Palmer & Steyerm.) Steyerm.; Rhodora 62: 130 (1960)
= Trillium pusillum var. texanum (Buckley) C.F.Reed; Phytologia 50(4): 279, 283 (1982), isonym
= Trillium pusillum var. texanum (Buckley) Reveal & C.R.Broome; Castanea 46(1): 56 (1981)
= Trillium texanum Buckley; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1860 443 (1861)
variant :
var. virginianum Fernald; Rhodora 45: 397, plate 773, figs. 1, 2 (1943)
Distribution: USA (Maryland, North Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia)
75 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Trillium pusillum var. monticulum Bodkin & Reveal; Brittonia 34: 141 (1982)
= Trillium virginianum (Fernald) C.F.Reed; Phytologia 50(4): 279, 283 (1982)
species :
Trillium recurvatum L.C.Beck; Amer. J. Sci. Arts 11: 178 (1826)
Name: Prairie trillium, toadshade, bloody noses
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Ohio, Tennessee, Texas, Wisconsin)
74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllantherum recurvatum (L.C.Beck) Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 113 (1913)
= Trillium recurvatum f. esepalum J.D.Freeman & Heineke; Rhodora 89: 17 (1987)
= Trillium recurvatum f. foliosum Steyerm.; Rhodora 61: 124 (1959)
= Trillium recurvatum f. luteum Clute; Amer. Bot. (Binghamton) 28: 79 (1922)
= Trillium recurvatum f. luteum Friesner; Butler Univ. Bot. Stud. 3: 29 (1929)
= Trillium recurvatum f. petaloideum Steyerm.; Rhodora 61: 124 (1959)
= Trillium recurvatum f. shayi E.J.Palmer & Steyerm.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 22: 504 (1935)
= Trillium unguiculatum Nutt.; Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s., 5: 154 (1835), nom. illeg.
= Trillium unguiculatum Raf.; Med. Fl. 2: 98 (1830)
species :
Trillium reliquum J.D.Freeman; Brittonia 27(1): 21 (1975)
Name: Relict trillium
Distribution: USA (Georgia, South Carolina)
78 USA
Conservation Status: of conservation concern
Synonyms: hidden
= Trillium reliquum f. luteum J.D.Freeman; Brittonia 27(1): 21 (1975)
species :
Trillium rugelii Rendle; J. Bot. 39: 331, plate 426, fig. B (1901)
Name: Southern nodding trillium
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee)
78 USA
species :
Trillium scouleri Rydb. ex Gleason; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 33: 394 (1906)
Distribution: Canada (British Columbia); USA (Washington State, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado)
71 CDN 73 USA
species :
Trillium sessile L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 840 (1753)
Name: Sessile trillium, toad trillium, toadshade
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, Missouri, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia)
74 USA 75 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Esdra sessilis (L.) Salisb.; Gen. Pl. [Salisbury] 60 (1866), not validly publ.
= Phyllantherum sessile (L.) Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 112 (1913)
= Trillium isanthum Raf.; Med. Fl. 2: 98 (1830)
= Trillium longiflorum Raf.; Med. Fl. 2: 97 (1830)
= Trillium membranaceum Raf.; Med. Fl. 2: 98 (1830)
= Trillium rotundifolium Raf.; Med. Fl. 2: 97 (1830)
= Trillium sessile f. viridiflorum Beyer; Torreya 27: 83 (1927)
= Trillium sessile var. boreale Nutt.; Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 5: 154 (1835)
= Trillium tinctorium Raf.; Med. Fl. 2: 98 (1830)
species :
Trillium simile Gleason; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 33: 391 (1906)
Name: Sweet white trillium, confusing trillium
Distribution: USA (Georgia, North Carolina, Tennessee)
78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Trillium erectum f. simile (Gleason) H.E.Ahles; J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 80: 172 (1964)
= Trillium vaseyi var. simile (Gleason) Barksd.; J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 54: 285 (1938)
species :
Trillium smallii Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 29: 217 (1884)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Kuril Isl., Sakhalin); Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); India (Sikkim)
31 RFE 38 JAP 40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Trillium schonoskii var. smallii (Maxim.) T.Itô
= Trillium smallii var. maximowiczii Miyabe & Kudô; J. Fac. Agric. Hokkaido Imp. Univ. 26: 344 (1932)
species :
Trillium stamineum Harb.; Biltmore Bot. Stud. 1: 23 (1901)
Name: Twisted trillium
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee)
78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Trillium stamineum f. luteum J.D.Freeman; Brittonia 27(1): 26 (1975)
species :
Trillium stenosepalum (R.R.Gates) A.J.Wright; Madroño 70(3): 168 (2024)
Distribution: USA (Montana, Oregon, Washington State)
73 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Trillium ovatum var. stenosepalum R.R.Gates; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 4: 61 (1917)
species :
Trillium sulcatum T.S.Patrick; Brittonia 36(1): 27 (1984)
Name: Southern red trillium, Barksdale trillium
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia)
75 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Trillium sulcatum f. albolutescens T.S.Patrick; Brittonia 36(1): 30 (1984)
species :
Trillium taiwanense S.S.Ying; J. Jap. Bot. 64(5): 154, f. 5 (1989)
Distribution: E-Taiwan
38 TAI
species :
Trillium tschonoskii Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 29(1): 218 (1884)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Sakhalin, Kuril Isl.); China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Tibet; North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku); Taiwan; Bhutan; N-India (Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim); Myanmar (Kachin)
31 RFE 36 CHI TIB 38 JAP KOR NKO TAI 40 BHU IND 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Trillium camschatcense var. tschonoskii (Maxim.) Vorosch.; Florist. Issl. Razn. Raionakh S.S.S.R. [A.K.Skvortsov] 159 (1985)
= Trillium morii Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 7: 41-42, pl. 14 (1918)
= Trillium tschonoskii f. cryptopetalum (Makino) J.Samej.; Acta Horti Gothob. 25: 163 (1962)
= Trillium tschonoskii f. morii (Hayata) Yamam.; J. Soc. Trop. Agric. 10: 177 (1938)
= Trillium tschonoskii f. violaceum Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 27: 115 (1913)
= Trillium tschonoskii var. atrorubens Miyabe & Tatew.; Cont. Fl. N. Jap. 7: 190 (1936)
= Trillium tschonoskii var. cryptopetalum Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 24: 138 (1910)
= Trillium tschonoskii var. himalaicum H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 44: 373 (1969)
= Trillium tschonoskii var. morii (Hayata) Masam.
species :
Trillium underwoodii Small; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 172 (1897)
Name: Underwood´s trillium
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Florida, Georgia)
78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Trillium lanceolatum var. rectistamineum R.R.Gates; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 4: 48 (1917)
= Trillium rectistamineum (R.R.Gates) H.St.John; Rhodora 22: 79 (1920)
species :
Trillium undulatum Willd.; Ges. Naturf. Fr. Neue Schr. 3: 422 (1801)
Name: Painted trillium, painted lady, trille ondule
Distribution: Canada (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Québec); USA (Connecticut, Georgia, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia)
72 CDN 75 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Trillidium undulatum (Willd.) Floden & E.E.Schill.; J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 12(2): 477 (2018)
= Trillium cleavelandicum Alph.Wood; Class-book Bot., ed. 2a: 546 (1847)
= Trillium erythrocarpum Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Michaux] 1: 216 (1803)
= Trillium pictum Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 1: 244 (1813)
= Trillium undulatum f. cleavelandicum (Alph.Wood) Fernald; Rhodora 45: 517 (1943)
= Trillium undulatum f. enotatum T.S.Patrick; Rhodora 87(850): 157 (1985)
= Trillium undulatum f. polymerum Vict. ex Louis-Marie; Rev. Oka Agron. Inst. Agric. 14: 152 (1940)
= Trillium undulatum f. striatum Louis-Marie; Rev. Oka Agron. Inst. Agric. 14: 152 (1940)
species :
Trillium vaseyi Harb.; Biltmore Bot. Stud. 1: 24 (1901)
Name: Sweet beth, sweet trillium, Vasey´s trillium
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee)
78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Trillium erectum var. vaseyi (Harb.) H.E.Ahles; J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 80: 172 (1964)
= Trillium vaseyi f. album House; Muhlenbergia 6: 73 (1910)
species :
Trillium viride L.C.Beck; Amer. J. Sci. Arts 11: 178 (1826)
Name: Green trillium
Distribution: USA (Illinois, Missouri)
74 USA 75 USA
species :
Trillium viridescens Nutt.; Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 5: 155 (1837)
Name: Ozark green trillium, Ozark trillium
Distribution: USA (Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, Texas)
74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Conservation Status: of conservation concern
Synonyms: hidden
= Trillium sessile var. nuttallii S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 14: 273 (1879)
= Trillium sessile var. viridescens (Nutt.) Trel.; Rep. (Annual) Arkansas Geol. Surv. 4: 225 (1888 publ. 1891)
= Trillium stenanthes Raf.; Autik. Bot. 132 (1840)
species :
Trillium ×amabile Miyabe & Tatew.; Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. 15: 137 (1938)
Distribution: Japan (SW-Hokkaido)
38 JAP
species :
Trillium ×crockerianum Halda; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 6(3): 234 (1999)
Distribution: W-USA (California)
76 USA
Remarks: Trillium ovatum x rivale
Synonyms: hidden
= Trillium ×klineanum Halda; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 6(3): 234 (1999)
species :
Trillium ×hagae Miyabe & Tatew.; Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. 14: 189 (1936)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Sakhalin); Japan (Yezo)
31 RFE 38 JAP
Remarks: Trillium camschatcense Ker Gawl. x Trillium tschonoskii Maxim.
species :
Trillium ×komarovii H.Nakai & Koji Ito; J. Jap. Bot. 66(1): 56 (1991), nom. nov.
Distribution: Russian Far East (Primorye); Japan
31 RFE 38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Trillium kamtschaticum subsp. rhombifolium (Kom.) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 13: 32 (1983)
= Trillium kamtschaticum var. rhombifolium A.E.Murray; Kalmia 13: 32 (1983)
= Trillium ×rhombifolium Kom.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., ed.] 4: 748 (1935), nom. illeg.
species :
Trillium ×miyabeanum Tatew. ex J.Samej.; Acta Horti Gothob. 25: 166 (1962)
Distribution: Japan (Hokkaido)
38 JAP
Remarks: Trillium apetalon x T. tschonoskii
Synonyms: hidden
= Trillium ×miyabeanum f. albiflorum V.G.Soukup; Phytologia 50(4): 289 (1982)
= Trillium ×miyabeanum var. atropurpureocarpum J.Samej.; Acta Horti Gothob. 25: 166 (1962)
species :
Trillium ×yezoense Tatew. ex J.Samej.; Acta Horti Gothob. 25: 167 (1962)
Distribution: Japan (Hokkaido)
38 JAP
Remarks: Trillium apetalon x T. camtschatcense
Synonyms: hidden
= Trillium ×yezoense var. atropurpureocarpum J.Samej.; Acta Horti Gothob. 25: 167 (1962)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.01 (January 2nd, 2025)

Covering 355,836 accepted species,
8,748 hybrids, 47,863 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,001,920 synonyms,
in total 1,418,260* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life