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Ver. 25.01
Jan. 2nd, 2024

489.0000 Family Rubiaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. 196 (1789), nom. cons.
589 genera, ca. 14.200 spp. mostly tropics, comparably few temperate. Phylogeny: Razafimandimbison & Rydin (2024)
Species listed in database: 14249; hybrids: 48
= Aparinaceae Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 2: 3, 38 (1813-1829)
= Asperulaceae Cham. ex Spenn.; Handb. Angew. Bot. 2: 493 (1835)
= Catesbaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 111 (1820)
= Cephalanthaceae Raf.; Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 6: 86 (1820)
= Cinchonaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 234 (1802)
= Coffeaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 233 (1802)
= Coutareaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 168 (1820)
= Dialypetalanthaceae Rizzini & Occhioni; Lilloa 17: 253 (1948), nom. cons.
= Galiaceae Lindl.; Nat. Syst. Bot. ed. 2: 249 (1836)
= Gardeniaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 29, 32 (1829)
= Guettardaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 235 (1802)
= Hameliaceae Mart.; Consp. Regn. Veg. [Martius] 31 (1835)
= Hedyotidaceae Dumort.; Comment. Bot. 57 (1822)
= Henriqueziaceae Bremek.; Acta Bot. Néerl. 6 (Meded. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijks Univ. Utrecht 141): 371 (1957)
= Houstoniaceae Raf.; Good Book 21 (1840)
= Hydrophylacaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 318 (1820)
= Lippayaceae Meisn.; Pl. Vasc. Gen. [Meisner], Tab. Diagn. 156, Comm. 112 (1838)
= Lygodisodeaceae Bartl.; Ord. Nat. Pl. 123, 207 (1830)
= Naucleaceae Wernham; New Phytol. 11: 225 (1912)
= Nonateliaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 420 (1820)
= Operculariaceae Juss. ex Perleb; Vers. Arzneikr. Pfl. 207 (1818)
= Pagamaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 447 (1820)
= Psychotriaceae F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg. 49 (1830)
= Randiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 534 (1820)
= Sabiceaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 555 (1820)
= Spermacoceaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 256 (1820)
= Theligonaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 15, 17 (1829), nom. cons.
489.4039 Genus Thliphthisa (Griseb.) P.Caputo & Del Guacchio; Pl. Biosystems 154(5): 776 (2020)
Distribution: SE-Europe, E-Mediterranean to Iran
Species listed in database: 23
species :
Thliphthisa antalyensis (Ehrend.) P.Caputo & Del Guacchio; Pl. Biosystems 154(5): 777 (2020)
Distribution: Turkey (SW-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula antalyensis Ehrend.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 352, f. 3b (1958)
= Asperula pseudochlorantha var. antalyensis (Ehrend.) Minareci & K.Yildiz; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 47(2): 122 (2010)
species :
Thliphthisa apuana (Fiori) P.Caputo & Del Guacchio; Pl. Biosystems 154(5): 777 (2020)
Distribution: Italy
13 ITA
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula apuana (Fiori) Arrigoni; Webbia 67(1): 42 (2012)
= Asperula purpurea subsp. apuana (Fiori) Bechi & Garbari; Flora Medit. 4: 223 (1994)
= Galium purpureum var. apuanum Fiori; Nuov. Fl. Italia 2: 491 (1927)
species :
Thliphthisa baenitzii (Heldr. ex Boiss.) P.Caputo & Del Guacchio; Pl. Biosystems 154(5): 777 (2020)
Distribution: C-Greece (Attiki)
13 GRC
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula baenitzii Heldr. ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] Suppl. 280 (1888)
species :
Thliphthisa baldaccii (Halácsy) P.Caputo & Del Guacchio; Pl. Biosystems 154(5): 777 (2020)
Distribution: Montenegro (S-Crna Gora)
13 MNT
Conservation Status: extremely threatened, confined to one population only
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula baldaccii (Halácsy) Ehrend.; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 68: 269 (1974)
= Galium baldaccii Halácsy; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 40: 165 (1890)
species :
Thliphthisa brevifolia (Vent.) P.Caputo & Del Guacchio; Pl. Biosystems 154(5): 777 (2020)
Name: Kurzblättriger Meister (DE); Short-leaved Woodruff (EN)
Distribution: East Aegaean Isl. (Simi, Rhodos, Kastellorhizo Isl.); Turkey (SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia); Lebanon (C-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria)
34 EAI LEB SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula brevifolia Vent.; Descr. Pl. Nouv. 63, t. 63 (1802)
= Asperula brunnea Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 32 (1875)
species :
Thliphthisa chlorantha (Boiss. & Heldr.) P.Caputo & Del Guacchio; Pl. Biosystems 154(5): 777 (2020)
Distribution: Albania; Greece (NW- & C-Greece, Epirus, Kerkyra, NW-Peloponnisos)
13 ALB GRC
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula chlorantha Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 3(6): 90 (1859)
species :
Thliphthisa crassula (Greuter & Zaffran) P.Caputo & Del Guacchio; Pl. Biosystems 154(5): 777 (2020)
Distribution: Crete (NE-Crete)
13 KRI
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula crassula Greuter & Zaffran; Willdenowia 14(2): 289 (1984 publ. 1985)
species :
Thliphthisa elonea (Iatroú & T.Georgiadis) P.Caputo & Del Guacchio; Pl. Biosystems 154(5): 777 (2020)
Distribution: S-Greece (SE-Peloponnisos)
13 GRC
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula elonea Iatroú & T.Georgiadis; Willdenowia 14(1): 55 (1984)
species :
Thliphthisa gorganica (Schönb.-Tem. & Ehrend.) P.Caputo & Del Guacchio; Pl. Biosystems 154(5): 777 (2020)
Distribution: N-Iran
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula gorganica Schönb.-Tem. & Ehrend.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 107(1-4): 80 (1985)
species :
Thliphthisa mazanderanica (Ehrend.) P.Caputo & Del Guacchio; Pl. Biosystems 154(5): 777 (2020)
Distribution: Iran (N-Iran)
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula mazanderanica Ehrend.; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 56: 225, ff. 4-5 (1948)
species :
Thliphthisa microphylla (Boiss.) P.Caputo & Del Guacchio; Pl. Biosystems 154(5): 777 (2020)
Distribution: Iran (NW-Iran)
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula microphylla Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 3: 34 (1843)
species :
Thliphthisa muscosa (Boiss. & Heldr.) P.Caputo & Del Guacchio; Pl. Biosystems 154(5): 777 (2020)
Distribution: NC-Greece (Mt. Olimbos)
13 GRC
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula muscosa Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 3(2): 109 (1856)
species :
Thliphthisa pseudochlorantha (Ehrend.) P.Caputo & Del Guacchio; Pl. Biosystems 154(5): 777 (2020)
Distribution: Turkey (SW-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula pseudochlorantha Ehrend.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 351, f. 3a (1958)
species :
Thliphthisa purpurea (L.) P.Caputo & Del Guacchio; Pl. Biosystems 154(5): 777 (2020)
subspecies :
subsp. purpurea
Name: Rotes Labkraut
Distribution: Switzerland; Austria; SE-France; Italy; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Greece (mountains of NC- & NE-Greece, Thasos, Samothraki, Mt. Athos)
11 AUT SWI 12 FRA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SMA SRB
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula purpurea (L.) Ehrend.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 122: 260 (1973)
= Asperula purpurea var. luteoviride (Rohlena) Ancev; Fl. Narodna Republ. Bulg. 9: 41 (1989)
= Asperula purpurea var. trichantha (Vand.) Ancev; Fl. Narodna Republ. Bulg. 9: 41 (1989)
= Crucianella purpurea (L.) Honck.; Verz. Gew. Teutschl. 431 (1782)
= Galium purpureum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 107 (1753)
= Galium purpureum var. luteoviride Rohlena; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. Prag, Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. 54 (1911)
= Galium purpureum var. trichanthum Vand.; Reliq. Forman. 259 (1909)
= Galium rubrum Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 1: 103 (1771), nom. illeg.
subspecies :
subsp. apiculata (Sm.) P.Caputo & Del Guacchio; Pl. Biosystems 154(5): 777 (2020)
Distribution: Croatia; Serbia; Kosovo; Albania; European Turkey; Greece (mountains of N- & C-Greece, Thasos, Samothraki)
13 ALB CRO GRC KOS SRB TUE
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula purpurea subsp. apiculata (Sm.) Ehrend.; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 68: 269 (1974)
= Galium apiculatum Sm.; Sibth. & Sm., Fl. Graec. Prodr. 1: 91 (1806)
= Galium pycnophyllum Heldr. ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 64 (1875)
species :
Thliphthisa pusilla (Bory & Chaub.) J.Krieg., Del Guacchio & P.Caputo; Willdenowia 51(1): 158 (2021)
Distribution: S-Greece (S-Peloponnisos)
13 GRC
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula boryana (Walp.) Ehrend.; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 68: 269 (1974)
= Galium boryanum Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 2: 454 (1843)
= Sherardia pusilla Bory & Chaub.; Nouv. Fl. Pélop. 10 (1838)
= Thliphthisa boryana (Walp.) P.Caputo & Del Guacchio; Pl. Biosystems 154: 777 (2020), nom. superfl.
species :
Thliphthisa rigida (Sm.) P.Caputo & Del Guacchio; Pl. Biosystems 154(5): 777 (2020)
Distribution: Crete (widespread, incl. Gavdos)
13 KRI
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula kritsensis Coustur. & Gand.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 63: 9, 14 (1916 publ. 1917)
= Asperula platygona Gand.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 62: 154 (1915 publ. 1916)
= Asperula rigida Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. 1: 89 (1806)
= Crucianella rigida (Sibth. & Sm.) Tausch; Flora (Regensburg) 18: 359 (1835)
species :
Thliphthisa rupestris (Vis.) P.Caputo & Del Guacchio; Pl. Biosystems 154(5): 777 (2020)
Distribution: Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Serbia; Kosovo; Albania; ?Romania
13 ALB BIH CRO KOS SRB
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula rupestris (Vis.) Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 205 (1831), nom. illeg.
= Asperula scutellaris Vis.; Fl. Dalmat. 3: 12 (1852)
= Galium rupestre Vis.; Flora (Regensburg) 12(1. Ergänzungsbl.): 5 (1829)
species :
Thliphthisa sapphus Gutermann; PhytoKeys 241: 67 (2024)
Distribution: W-Greece (Lefkada)
13 GRC
species :
Thliphthisa saxicola (Ehrend.) P.Caputo & Del Guacchio; Pl. Biosystems 154(5): 777 (2020)
Distribution: S-Greece (C-Peloponnisos)
13 GRC
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula saxicola Ehrend.; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 68: 269 (1974)
species :
Thliphthisa semanensis (Schönb.-Tem. & Ehrend.) P.Caputo & Del Guacchio; Pl. Biosystems 154(5): 778 (2020)
Distribution: Syria
34 SYR
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula semanensis Schönb.-Tem. & Ehrend.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 107(1-4): 81 (1985)
species :
Thliphthisa serotina (Boiss. & Heldr.) P.Caputo & Del Guacchio; Pl. Biosystems 154(5): 778 (2020)
Distribution: Turkey (SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula serotina (Boiss. & Heldr.) Ehrend.; Davis, Fl. Turkey 7: 766 (1982)
= Galium serotinum Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 10: 71 (1849)
species :
Thliphthisa suberosa (Sm.) P.Caputo & Del Guacchio; Pl. Biosystems 154: 778 (2020)
Distribution: Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus, W-Cyprus)
34 CYP
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula cypria Ehrend.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 126: 406 (1977)
= Galium suberosum Sm.; Sibth. & Sm., Fl. Graec. Prodr. 1: 91 (1806)
species :
Thliphthisa tournefortii (Sieber ex Spreng.) P.Caputo & Del Guacchio; Pl. Biosystems 154(5): 778 (2020)
Name: Tournefort´s Meister (DE); Tournefort´s Woodruff (EN)
Distribution: Greece (SE-Kiklades: Levitha, Anafi, Zafora, Astakida); Crete (scattered); East Aegaean Isl. (Kalimnos, Tilos, Chalki, Rhodos)
13 GRC KRI 34 EAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula majori Barbey; Bull. Herb. Boissier 2: 243 (1894)
= Asperula tournefortii Sieber ex Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 395 (1824)
= Crucianella tournefortii (Sieber ex Spreng.) Tausch; Flora (Regensburg) 18: 359 (1835)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.01 (January 2nd, 2025)

Covering 355,836 accepted species,
8,748 hybrids, 47,863 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,001,920 synonyms,
in total 1,418,260* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life