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Ver. 25.03
Mar. 6th, 2025

134.0000 Family Orchidaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 64 (1789), nom. cons.
over 800 genera, more than 30.000 spp. worldwide, mostly tropical
Species listed in database: 30538; hybrids: 1461
= Apostasiaceae Lindl.; Nix. Pl. 22 (1833), nom. cons.
= Cypripediaceae Lindl.; Nix. Pl. 22 (1833)
= Limodoraceae Horan.; Char. Ess. Fam. 44 (1847)
= Liparidaceae Vines; Stud. Text-book Bot. 2: 567 (1895)
= Neottiaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat. 50 (1834)
= Neuwiediaceae R.Dahlgren ex Reveal & Hoogland; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia, Sér. 4, 13: 91 (1991)
= Ophrydaceae Vines; Stud. Text-book Bot. 2: 566 (1895)
= Pycnanthaceae Ravenna; Onira 12(6): 29 (2011)
= Vanillaceae Lindl.; Key Bot. 73 (1835)
134.4636 Genus Spiranthes Rich.; Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 4: 50 (1818)
Distribution: mostly North America, Central America and Antilles, few in Europe, Asia and Australia, 1 widespread to Pacific. There have been considerable species reorganizations in North America which are possibly not finished yet.
Species listed in database: 40; hybrids: 16
= Aristotelea Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 522 (1790)
= Gyrostachis Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 511 (1807), nom. prov.
= Gyrostachys Pers. ex Dumort.; Fl. Belg. [Dumortier] 134 (1827)
= Helictonia Ehrh.; Beitr. Naturk. [Ehrhart] 4: 148 (1789)
= Monustes Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 2: 87 (1836)
= Orchiastrum Micheli ex Greene; Man. Bot. San Francisco 305 (1894)
= Orchiastrum Ség.; Pl. Veron. 3: 252 (1754)
= Triorchis Millán; Jac. Pet. Opera: t. 68, f. 7 (1765), nom. inval.
species :
Spiranthes aestivalis (Poir.) Rich.; Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 4: 58 (1818)
Name: Sommer-Drehwurz (DE), Summer Lady´s-tresses (EN)
Distribution: +England (+S-England); Netherlands; +Belgium; Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, +Hessen, +Rheinland-Pfalz); Switzerland; Austria; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; France; +Channel Isl. (+Guernsey, +Jersey); Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Morocco; Algeria
10 GRB 11 AUT BGM GER HUN NET SLO SWI 12 CIS COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 BIH CRO ITA SLV 20 ALG MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Gyrostachys aestivalis (Poir.) Dumort.; Fl. Belg. [Dumortier] 134 (1827)
= Neottia aestivalis (Poir.) DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 3: 258 (1805), isonym
= Neottia aestivalis (Poir.) Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 4: 567 (1798)
= Neottia spiralis Sw.; Neues J. Bot. 1: 51 (1805)
= Ophrys aestiva Balb.; Elench. 96 (1801)
= Ophrys aestivalis Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 4: 567 (1798)
= Tussaca aestivalis (Poir.) Rich. ex Desv.; Observ. Pl. Angers 91 (1818)
species :
Spiranthes arcisepala M.C.Pace; Syst. Bot. 42(4): 650 (2017)
Distribution: Canada (New Brunswick); USA (New York, Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, NW-Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, S-Michigan, N-Ohio, West Virginia, W-Maryland, W-Virginia, E-Tennessee, W-North Carolina)
72 CDN 75 USA 78 USA
Remarks: cernua agg.
species :
Spiranthes australis (R.Br.) Lindl.; Bot. Reg. 10: sub t. 823 (1824)
Name: Chinesische Drehwurz, Austral Ladies Tresses
Distribution: European Russia (C-European Russia); La Réunion [I]; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Kuril Isl., Primorye, Sakhalin); Georgia [Caucasus]; Afghanistan (Kunar / Nuristan); China (widespread); S-Tibet; Mongolia; North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Yakushima Isl., Tanegashima Pref.); Ryukyu Isl. (Okinawa, Iriomote, Ishigakijima, Amami Oshima, Tokunoshima, Miyakojima); Pakistan (Hunza, Skardu, Karakorum, Swat, Hazara); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha, Punjab, Sikkim, Tripura, Uttarakhand, West Bengal); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Myanmar (Kachin, Chin); Thailand; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Pahan); Sumatra; Borneo (Mt. Kinabalu, Sabah, Sarawak, Kalimantan); Sulawesi; Philippines; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Timor); Moluccas (Buru); New Guinea (Papua New Guinea, Irian Jaya); Bismarck Arch. (New Britain); Solomon Isl.; Australia (South Australia, Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania); New Zealand (North Isl., South Isl.); Chatham Isl.; New Caledonia (widespread, Loyalty Isl.); Vanuatu; Tonga (Late Isl., Lifuka, etc.); Niue
14 RUS 29 reu 30 SIB 31 RFE 33 GEO 34 AFG 36 CHI TIB 37 MON 38 JAP KOR NKO NNS 40 BAN BHU IND NEP PAK SRL 41 MYA THA VIE 42 BOR JAW LSI MLY MOL NWG PHI SUL SUM 43 BIS SOL 50 AUS 51 CTM NZL 60 NUE NWC TON VAN
Remarks: sinensis agg.; sometimes S. amoena is kept separate (European Russia to Mongolia)
Synonyms: hidden
= Calanthe australis (R.Br.) Aiton ex Loudon; Hort. Brit. [Loudon], Suppl. 2: 615 (1850), nomen
= Gyrostachys amoena (M.Bieb.) Blume; Coll. Orchid. 129 (1858)
= Gyrostachys australis (R.Br.) Blume; Coll. Orchid. 128 (1858)
= Gyrostachys australis var. amoena (M.Bieb.) Blume; Fl. Javae, Orchid. 129 (1859)
= Gyrostachys congesta (Lindl.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 664 (1891)
= Gyrostachys novifuburgensis Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 664 (1891)
= Gyrostachys stylites (Lindl.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 664 (1891)
= Gyrostachys wightiana (Lindl. ex Wall.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 663 (1891), nom. inval.
= Ibidium viridiflorum (Makino) Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 6: 37 (1929)
= Monustes australis (R.Br.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 2: 87 (1836)
= Neottia amoena M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 3: 606 (1819)
= Neottia australis R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 1: 319 (1810)
= Neottia crispata Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 406 (1825)
= Neottia parviflora Sm.; Cycl. [A.Rees] 24: n. 10 (1813)
= Ophrys spiralis Georgi; Bemerk. Reise Russ. Reich. 1: 232 (1775), nom. illeg., non L.
= Spiranthes alticola D.L.Jones; Orchadian 15(12): 555 (2008)
= Spiranthes amoena (M.Bieb.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 708 (1826)
= Spiranthes angustilabris J.J.Sm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 394 (1913)
= Spiranthes australis var. tasmaniensis Schltr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl., Abt. 2: 37(3): 350 (1920)
= Spiranthes australis var. viridiflora Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 3: 5 (1926)
= Spiranthes congesta Lindl.; Bot. Reg. sub t. 823 (1824)
= Spiranthes crispata (Blume) Zoll. & Moritzi; Syst. Verz. Arch. Ind. [Moritzi et al.] 89 (1846)
= Spiranthes elytra D.L.Jones & R.J.Bates; Austral. Orchid Rev. 80(4): 27 (2015)
= Spiranthes lancea Backer; Blumea 6: 361 (1951) [excl. basionymo]
= Spiranthes longispicata A.Rich.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 2, 15: 78 (1841)
= Spiranthes novae-zelandiae Hook.f.; Bot. Antarct. Voy. II. (Fl. Nov.-Zel.) 1: 243 (1853)
= Spiranthes parviflora (Sm.) Lindl.; Bot. Reg. 10: t. 823 (1824)
= Spiranthes sinensis f. viridiflora (Makino) Ohwi; (1953)
= Spiranthes sinensis subsp. australis (R.Br.) Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 21: 23 (1964)
= Spiranthes sinensis var. albescens (Honda) Honda; (1935)
= Spiranthes sinensis var. amoena (M.Bieb.) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 44: 59 (1969)
= Spiranthes sinensis var. australis (R.Br.) H.Hara & S.Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 36: 93 (1985)
= Spiranthes sinensis var. depauperata (Honda) Honda; (1935)
= Spiranthes spiralis f. albiflora Matuda; (1936)
= Spiranthes spiralis var. albescens Honda; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 49(587): 791 (1935)
= Spiranthes spiralis var. depauperata Honda; (1935)
= Spiranthes stylites Lindl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 1: 178 (1857)
= Spiranthes viridiflora (Makino) Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 4: 10 (1927)
= Spiranthes wightiana Lindl. ex Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 7378 (1832), nomen
species :
Spiranthes brevilabris Lindl.; Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 471 (1840)
Distribution: SE-USA (E-Texas, Louisiana, S-Mississippi, S-Alabama, S-Georgia, Florida)
77 USA 78 USA
Conservation Status: extremely threatened, only 1 extant population known
Synonyms: hidden
= Gyrostachys brevilabris (Lindl.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 664 (1891)
= Spiranthes gracilis var. brevilabris (Lindl.) Correll; Bot. Mus. Leafl. 8: 74 (1940)
= Spiranthes lacera var. brevilabris (Lindl.) B.Boivin; Phytologia 42: 392 (1979)
variant :
var. floridana (Wherry) Luer; Native Orch. Florida 104 (1972)
Distribution: SE-USA (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, E-Texas)
77 USA 78 USA
Conservation Status: very rare, a single extant population known
Synonyms: hidden
= Ibidium floridanum Wherry; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 21: 49 (1931)
= Spiranthes floridana (Wherry) Cory; Rhodora 38: 405 (1936)
= Spiranthes gracilis var. floridana (Wherry) Correll; Bot. Mus. Leafl. 8: 76 (1940)
= Spiranthes lacera var. floridana (Wherry) B.Boivin; Phytologia 42: 392 (1979)
species :
Spiranthes cernua (L.) Rich.; De Orchid. Eur. 37 (1817)
Name: Nodding Ladies´-tresses
Distribution: E-Canada (New Brunswick, Prince Edward Isl., Nova Scotia); USA (Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, S-New York, New Jersey, SE-Pennsylvania, Maryland, West Virginia, S-Ohio, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Kentucky, Tennessee, Georgia, Alabama, NW-Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana, E-Texas, Missouri, Arkansas, Oklahoma)
72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Remarks: cernua agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Gyrostachys cernua (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 664 (1891)
= Gyrostachys cernua (L.) Shafer; Ann. Carnegie Mus. 1: 104 (1904), isonym
= Gyrostachys constricta Small; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 25: 609 (1898)
= Ibidium cernuum (L.) House; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 32: 381 (1905)
= Limodorum autumnale Walter; Fl. Carol. [Walter] 221 (1788)
= Neottia cernua (L.) Sw.; Neues J. Bot. 1: 52 (1805)
= Ophrys cernua L.; Sp. Pl., ed. 2 [Linnaeus] 946 (1763)
= Spiranthes annua Lesq. ex Branner & Coville; Rep. (Annual) Arkansas Geol. Surv. 4: 222 (1891)
= Spiranthes cernua var. ochroleuca Ames; Orchidaceae [Ames] 1: 145 (1905)
= Spiranthes constricta (Small) K.Schum.; Just´s Bot. Jahresber. 26(1): 339 (1900)
= Spiranthes parksii Correll; Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 16: 400 (1947) [fide Pace & Cameron 2017]
= Spiranthes petiolaris Raf.; Herb. Raf. 45 (1833)
= Triorchis cernuus (L.) Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 122 (1913)
species :
Spiranthes delitescens Sheviak; Rhodora 92 (872): 215 (1990)
Distribution: USA (Arizona)
76 USA
Conservation Status: IUCN E (known only from Cienegas)
species :
Spiranthes eatonii Ames ex P.M.Br.; N. Amer. Native Orchid J. 5: 9 (1999)
Distribution: USA
77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiranthes lacera var. eatonii (Ames ex P.M.Br.) D.B.Ward; Phytologia 94(3): 476 (2012)
species :
Spiranthes flexuosa (Sm.) Lindl.; Bot. Reg. sub t. 823 (1824)
Distribution: Afghanistan; China (Yunnan, Guangxi, etc.); Japan; Ryukyu Isl.; India (Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Manipur, Tamil Nadu, etc.); Myanmar; Vietnam; Thailand; peninsular Malaysia; Sumatra; Java; Borneo
34 AFG 36 CHI 38 JAP NNS 40 IND 41 MYA THA VIE 42 BOR JAW MLY SUM
Remarks: sinensis agg.; often included in S. australis or S. sinensis. Distribution therefore incompletely known
Synonyms: hidden
= Gyrostachys australis var. flexuosa (Sm.) Blume; Fl. Javae Nov. Ser. 130 (1859)
= Neottia flexuosa Sm.; Cycl. [A.Rees] 24: Neottia n. 9 (1813)
= Spiranthes densa A.Rich.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 2, 15: 9 (1841)
= Spiranthes himalayensis Survesw., Kumar & Mei Sun; PhytoKeys 89: 118 (2017)
species :
Spiranthes graminea Lindl.; Pl. Hartw. [Bentham] 25 (1840)
Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Veracruz); ?Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua
79 MEX 80 HON NIC
Synonyms: hidden
= Gyrostachys graminea (Lindl.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 664 (1891)
= Spiranthes graminea var. walteri A.Gray; Manual [A.Gray] ed. 5: 505 (1867)
species :
Spiranthes hachijoensis Suetsugu; J. Pl. Res. [unassigned]: [13] (2023)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu, Kyushu)
38 JAP
variant :
var. kumamotoensis Suetsugu; J. Jap. Bot. 100(1): 23 (2025)
Distribution: Japan (Kyushu)
38 JAP
species :
Spiranthes igniorchis M.C.Pace; Brittonia 69(3): 331 (2017)
Distribution: USA (Florida)
78 USA
Remarks: cernua agg.
species :
Spiranthes infernalis Sheviak; Rhodora 91 (867): 226 (1989)
Distribution: USA (Nevada)
76 USA
Conservation Status: IUCN E (known only from one location in Ash Meadows, NV)
species :
Spiranthes jouyana R.González & Lizb.Hern.; Ibugana 5: 53 (2013)
Distribution: Mexico (Jalisco)
79 MEX
species :
Spiranthes lacera (Raf.) Raf.; Herb. Raf. 44 (1833)
Name: Northern Slender Ladies´-tresses
Distribution: Canada (Alberta, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Québec, Saskatchewan); USA (Arkansas, Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin)
71 CDN 72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Neottia lacera Raf.; Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev. 2: 206 (1818)
variant :
var. gracilis (Bigelow) Luer; Native Orch. U.S. & Canada 112 (1975)
Distribution: Canada (Nova Scotia, Ontario); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Georgia, Illinois, Iowa, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Ohio, Oklahoma, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin)
72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Gyrostachys gracilis (Bigelow) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 664 (1891)
= Gyrostachys gracilis (Bigelow) Shafer; Ann. Carnegie Mus. 1: 104 (1904)
= Ibidium gracile (Bigelow) House; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 32: 381 (1905)
= Neottia gracilis Bigelow; Fl. Boston., ed. 3: 345 (1840)
= Neottia tortilis Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 2: 589 (1813), nom. illeg.
= Spiranthes gracilis (Bigelow) L.C.Beck; Bot. North. Middle States [Beck] 343 (1833)
= Spiranthes tortilis Beck; Bot. North. Middle States [Beck] 343 (1833)
= Triorchis gracilis (Bigelow) Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 123 (1913)
species :
Spiranthes laciniata (Small) Ames; Orchidaceae [Ames] 1: 120 (1905)
Name: Lace-lip Ladies´-tresses
Distribution: SE-USA (Alabama, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, New Jersey, North Carolina, South Carolina, Texas, Virginia)
75 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Gyrostachys laciniata Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 318 (1903)
= Ibidium laciniatum (Small) House; Muhlenbergia 1: 128 (1906)
= Triorchis lacinatus (Small) House; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 6: 206 (1920)
species :
Spiranthes longilabris Lindl.; Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 467 (1840)
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Texas, Virginia)
77 USA 78 USA
Remarks: cernua agg.
Conservation Status: IUCN R
Synonyms: hidden
= Gyrostachys brevifolia (Chapm.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 664 (1891)
= Gyrostachys longilabris (Lindl.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 664 (1891)
= Ibidium longilabre (Lindl.) House; Muhlenbergia 1: 128 (1906)
= Spiranthes brevifolia Chapm.; Fl. South. U.S. 462 (1860)
= Triorchis longilabris (Lindl.) House; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 6: 206 (1920)
species :
Spiranthes lucida (H.H.Eaton) Ames; Orchidaceae [Ames] 2: 258 (1908)
Name: Shining Ladies´-tresses
Distribution: Netherlands [I]; Canada (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Québec); USA (Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin)
11 net 72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Gyrostachys latifolia (Torr. ex Lindl.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 664 (1891)
= Gyrostachys plantaginea (Raf.) Britton; Ill. Fl. N. U.S. [Britton & Brown] 1: 470 (1896)
= Ibidium plantagineum (Raf.) House; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 381 (1905)
= Neottia aestivalis Oakes ex A.Gray; Manual [A.Gray] ed. 5: 504 (1867), nom. illeg.
= Neottia lucida H.H.Eaton; Transylvania J. Med. Assoc. Sci. 5: 107 (1832)
= Neottia plantaginea Raf.; Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev. 2: 206 (1818)
= Spiranthes latifolia Torr. ex Lindl.; Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 467 (1840)
= Spiranthes plantaginea (Raf.) Raf.; Herb. Raf. 44 (1833) [non Lindl.]
= Triorchis plantagineus (Raf.) Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 122 (1913)
species :
Spiranthes magnicamporum Sheviak; Bot. Mus. Leafl. 23(7): 287 (1973)
Name: Great Plains Ladies´-tresses
Distribution: Canada (Manitoba, Ontario); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Texas, Virginia, Wisconsin)
71 CDN 72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Remarks: cernua agg.
species :
Spiranthes maokensis M.C.Pace; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 189(1): 56 (2018)
Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya)
42 NWG
species :
Spiranthes minamitaniana Suetsugu; Phytotaxa 599(3): 145 (2023)
Distribution: Japan (Kyushu)
38 JAP
species :
Spiranthes nebulorum Catling & V.R.Catling; Rhodora 90 (862): 139 (1988)
Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Norte, Chiapas, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Mexico State, Michoacan, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Tamaulipas, Veracruz); Guatemala
79 MEX 80 GUA
species :
Spiranthes nivea T.P.Lin & W.M.Lin; Taiwania 56(4): 320 (2011)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
Remarks: sinensis agg., not a synonym of S. suishaensis fide Liu & Lin 2025
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiranthes nivea var. papillata T.C.Hsu & Suetsugu; Phytotaxa 578(1): 6 (2023) (tentative synonym)
species :
Spiranthes ochroleuca (Rydb.) Rydb.; Fl. Plains N. Amer. 241 (1932)
Name: Yellow Nodding Ladies´-tresses
Distribution: Canada (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia); USA (Michigan, NE-Ohio, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, E-Kentucky, NW-South Carolina, W-North Carolina, W-Virginia, N-New Jersey, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Vermont, New Hampshire, Maine)
72 CDN 75 USA 78 USA
Remarks: cernua agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Gyrostachys ochroleuca Rydb.; Man. Fl. N. States [Britton] 300 (1901)
= Ibidium cernuum var. ochroleucum (Rydb.) House; Bull. New York State Mus. Nat. Hist. 243-244: 45 (1923)
= Ibidium ochroleucum (Rydb.) House; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 381 (1905)
= Spiranthes cernua var. ochroleuca (Rydb.) Ames; Orchidaceae [Ames] 1: 145 (1905)
= Spiranthes ochroleuca f. foliobracteata P.M.Br.; N. Amer. Native Orchid J. 13: 8 (2007)
= Spiranthes ×steigeri Correll; Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 9: 241 (1941)
= Triorchis cernuus var. ochroleucus (Rydb.) Farw.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 9: 266 (1925)
= Triorchis ochroleucus (Rydb.) Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 123 (1913)
species :
Spiranthes odorata (Nutt.) Lindl.; Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 467 (1840)
Name: Fragrant Ladies´-tresses
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia)
74 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Remarks: cernua agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Gyrostachys odorata (Nutt.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 664 (1891)
= Ibidium odoratum (Nutt.) House; Muhlenbergia 1: 128 (1906)
= Neottia odorata Nutt.; J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 2: 98 (1834)
= Spiranthes cernua subsp. odorata (Nutt.) Kreutz & M.H.Schot; Gorteria 38: 93 (2016)
= Spiranthes cernua var. odorata (Nutt.) Correll; Bot. Mus. Leafl. 8: 79 (1940)
= Triorchis odoratus (Nutt.) Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 123 (1913)
species :
Spiranthes ovalis Lindl.; Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 466 (1840)
Name: Oval Ladies´-tresses
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas)
77 USA 78 USA
Remarks: cernua agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Gyrostachys ovalis (Lindl.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 664 (1891)
= Gyrostachys parviflora (Chapm.) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 318 (1903)
= Ibidium ovalis (Lindl.) House; Muhlenbergia 1: 128 (1906)
= Ibidium parviflorum (Chapm.) Jenn.; Ann. Carnegie Mus. 3: 485 (1906)
= Spiranthes cernua var. parviflora Chapm.; Fl. South. U.S. ed. 3: 488 (1897)
= Spiranthes montana Raf.; Herb. Raf. 45 (1833) [nom. dub.]
= Spiranthes parviflora (Chapm.) Ames; Orchidaceae [Ames] 1: 137 (1905), nom. illeg.
= Spiranthes smallii Schltr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 27(2): 358 (1920)
= Triorchis ovalis (Lindl.) House; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 6: 206 (1920), isonym
= Triorchis ovalis (Lindl.) Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 123 (1913)
variant :
var. erostellata Catling; Brittonia 35(2): 123 (1983)
Distribution: Canada (Ontario); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Ohio, Oklahoma, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia)
72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA
species :
Spiranthes perexilis (Sheviak) M.C.Pace; Taxon 68(2): 210 (2019)
Distribution: USA (California)
76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiranthes ×stellata subsp. perexilis Sheviak; Native Orchid Conf. J. 9(4): 2 (2012)
species :
Spiranthes porrifolia Lindl.; Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 467 (1840)
Name: Western Ladies´-tresses
Distribution: W-USA (S-Washington, Oregon, California, NW-Nevada, N-Utah)
73 USA 76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Gyrostachys porrifolia (Lindl.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 664 (1891)
= Ibidium porrifolium (Lindl.) Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 610 (1905)
= Spiranthes romanzoffiana var. porrifolia (Lindl.) Ames & Correll; Bot. Mus. Leafl. 11: 1 (1943)
= xOrchiastrum ×porrifolium (Lindl.) Greene; Man. Bot. San Francisco 306 (1894)
species :
Spiranthes praecox (Walt.) S.Watson; Manual [A.Gray] ed. 6: 503 (1890), et Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 25: 134 (1890)
Name: Giant Ladies´-tresses
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, New Jersey, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Texas, Virginia)
74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Gyrostachys beckii (Lindl.) W.Stone; Rep. (Annual) New Jersey State Mus. 375 (1910 publ. 1911)
= Gyrostachys praecox (Walt.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 663 (1891)
= Ibidium beckii (Lindl.) House; Muhlenbergia 1: 128 (1906), nom. superfl.
= Ibidium praecox (Walter) House; Muhlenbergia 1: 129 (1906)
= Limodorum praecox Walter; Fl. Carol. [Walter] 221 (1788)
= Spiranthes beckii Lindl.; Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 472 (1840), nom. superfl.
= Spiranthes praecox f. albolabia P.M.Br. & C.L.McCartney; N. Amer. Native Orchid J. 1(1): 13 (1995)
= Spiranthes tortilis Chapm.; Fl. South. U.S. ed. 1. 462 (1860) [non Rich.]
= Triorchis beckii (Lindl.) House; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 6: 206 (1920)
= Triorchis praecox (Walter) Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 123 (1913)
species :
Spiranthes pusilla (Blume) Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 3: 722 (1859)
Distribution: Sumatra
42 SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Gyrostachys pusilla Blume; Coll. Orchid. 131 (1859)
species :
Spiranthes romanzoffiana Cham.; Linnaea 3: 32 (1828)
Name: Irish Lady´s-tresses (EN), Irische Drehwurz (DE)
Distribution: England (SW-England, W-Wales, W-Scotland, Outer Hebrides); Ireland (W- & N-Ireland, Northern Ireland); Alaska; Aleutes; Canada (Yukon, N. W. Territories, SW-Nunavut, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Québec, Labrador, Newfoundland, Anticosti Isl., Prince Edward Isl., Nova Scotia, New Brunswick); USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Utah, Vermont, Washington, Wisconsin, Wyoming)
10 GRB IRE 70 ASK CDN 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Gyrostachys gemmipara (Sm.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 664 (1891)
= Gyrostachys romanzoffiana (Cham.) MacMill.; Metasp. Minnesota Valley 71 (1892)
= Gyrostachys stricta Rydb.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 1: 107 (1900)
= Ibidium romanzoffianum (Cham.) House; Muhlenbergia 1: 129 (1906)
= Ibidium romanzoffianum var. strictum (Rydb.) Daniels; Fl. Boulder Colorado [Daniels] 96 (1911)
= Ibidium strictum (Rydb.) House; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 381 (1905)
= Neottia gemmipara Sm.; Engl. Fl. 4: 36 (1828)
= Spiranthes gemmipara (Sm.) Lindl.; Syn. Brit. Fl., ed. 1: 257 (1829)
= Spiranthes pauciflora Raf.; Herb. Raf. 76 (1833)
= Spiranthes romanzoffiana var. gemmipara (Sm.) Kreutz & M.H.Schot; Gorteria 38: 137 (2016)
= Spiranthes romanzoffiana var. stricta (Rydb.) Druce; List Brit. Pl., ed. 2: 108 (1928)
= Spiranthes stricta (Rydb.) A.Nelson; New Man. Bot. Centr. Rocky Mt. 125 (1909)
= Triorchis romanzoffianus (Cham.) Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 123 (1913)
= Triorchis strictus (Rydb.) Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 123 (1913)
= xOrchiastrum ×romanzoffianum (Cham.) Greene; Man. Bot. San Francisco 306 (1894)
species :
Spiranthes sinensis (Pers.) Ames; Orchidaceae [Ames] 2: 53 (1908)
Distribution: China (S- & SE-China); Japan; Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; NE-India; Bangladesh; Myanmar; Laos; Vietnam; Philippines; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Australia (Western Australia); New Caledonia; [Western] Samoa [I] (Savai´i [I])
36 CHI 38 JAP NNS TAI 40 BAN IND 41 LAO MYA VIE 42 NWG PHI 50 AUS 60 NWC sam
Remarks: sinensis agg. See also the other species of this complex which all were sometimes included in a S. sinensis sensu latissimo
Synonyms: hidden
= Aristotelea spiralis Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 522 (1790)
= Epidendrum aristotelea Raeusch.; Nomencl. Bot. [Raeuschel], ed. 3: 265 (1797), nom. superfl.
= Gyrostachys australis var. sinensis (Pers.) Blume; Fl. Javae Nov. Ser. 108 (1859)
= Ibidium spirale (Lour.) Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 6: 37 (1929)
= Neottia australis var. chinensis Lindl.; Bot. Reg. 7: t. 602 (1821)
= Neottia pudica (Lindl.) Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet], ed. 2: 485 (1830)
= Neottia sinensis Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 511 (1807)
= Sarcoglottis pudica (Lindl.) P.N.Don; Hort. Cantabrig., ed. 13, 590 (1845)
= Spiranthes aristotelea Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci. 15: 230 (1919), nom. superfl.
= Spiranthes australis var. pudica (Lindl.) F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 10: 65 (1876)
= Spiranthes australis var. sinensis (Pers.) Gagnep.; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 6: 546 (1933), nom. superfl.
= Spiranthes indica Lindl. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 625 (1841), nom. inval.
= Spiranthes lancea var. chinensis (Lindl.) Hatus.; J. Geobot. 16: 80 (1968)
= Spiranthes neocaledonica Schltr.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 39: 51 (1906)
= Spiranthes papuana Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 1: 46 (1911)
= Spiranthes pudica Lindl.; Coll. Bot. [Lindley] t. 30 (1821), Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 708
= Spiranthes sinensis f. autumnus Tsukaya; J. Pl. Res. 118(1): 17 (-18) (2005)
= Spiranthes sinensis f. gracilis F.Maek. ex Tsukaya; J. Pl. Res. 118(1): 18 (2005), nom. inval.
= Spiranthes spiralis (Lour.) Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 3: 25 (1926) [non K. Koch]
species :
Spiranthes spiralis (L.) Chevall.; Fl. Gen. Env. Paris 2: 330 (1827)
Name: Herbst-Drehwurz (DE); Autumn Lady´s-tresses (EN)
Distribution: England (England, Wales, Isle of Man, Isles of Scilly); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Denmark; Netherlands; Belgium; Germany (Brandenburg, +Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, +Hamburg, +Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, +Rheinland-Pfalz, +Schleswig-Holstein, +Saarland, +Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Gibraltar; Baleares; France; Channel Isl. (Alderney, Guernsey, Jersey, Sark); Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Malta (incl. Gozo Isl.); San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Greece (widespread mainland, incl. many islands); Crete; European Turkey; W-Ukraine; European Russia (W-European Russia); Algeria; Tunisia; Georgia [Caucasus] (Abkhazia, Samegrelo, Imereti, Guria, Adzharia, Shiga Kartli); Armenia; ?Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos, Kastellorhizo Isl.); Turkey; N-Iran; Cyprus; Lebanon; Syria; N-Israel
10 DEN GRB IRE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE NET POL SLO SWI 12 BAL CIS COR FRA GIB POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MLT MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 RUS UKR 20 ALG TUN 33 ARM GEO 34 CYP EAI IRN ISR LEB SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Epipactis spiralis (L.) Crantz; Stirp. Austr. Fasc., ed. 2, 6: 473 (1769)
= Gyrostachys autumnalis (Balb.) Dumort.; Fl. Belg. [Dumortier] 134 (1827)
= Gyrostachys spiralis (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 664 (1891)
= Helleborine spiralis (L.) Bernh.; 316 (1800)
= Ibidium spirale (L.) Salisb.; Trans. Hort. Soc. London 1: 291 (1812), nom. inval.
= Neottia autumnalis (Balb.) Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 510 (1807)
= Neottia autumnalis (Balb.) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel] 551 (1821), isonym
= Neottia spiralis (L.) Sw.; Neues J. Bot. 1(1): 51 (1805)
= Neottia spiralis (L.) Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4(1): 73 (1805)
= Ophrys autumnalis Balb.; Elench. 96 (1801)
= Ophrys spiralis L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 945 (1753)
= Satyrium spirale (L.) Londes; 77 (1805)
= Serapias spiralis (L.) Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 2: 201 (1771)
= Spiranthes autumnalis (Balb.) Rich.; De Orchid. Eur. 37 (1817), nom. illeg.
= Spiranthes autumnalis f. bracteata E.G.Camus; Monogr. Orchid. 390 (1908)
= Spiranthes autumnalis f. oycoviensis Zapal.; Consp. Fl. Galic. Crit. 1: 229 (1906)
= Spiranthes autumnalis f. parviflora Soó; Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 23: 109 (1928)
= Spiranthes autumnalis var. major Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 13: 212 (1912)
= Spiranthes autumnalis var. ojcoviensis Zapal.; Consp. Fl. Galic. Crit. 1: 234 (1906)
= Spiranthes autumnalis var. parviflora Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 650 (1866)
= Spiranthes glauca Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 2: 88 (1836)
= Spiranthes odorifera A.Dietr.; 782 (1824), nom. illeg.
= Spiranthes spiralis (L.) K.Koch; Linnaea 22: 290 (1850)
= Tussaca autumnalis (Balb.) Desv.; Observ. Pl. Angers 91 (1818)
species :
Spiranthes suishaensis (Hayata) Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 4: 1919)
Distribution: China (Hongkong); Taiwan
36 CHI 38 TAI
Remarks: sinensis agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiranthes australis var. suishaensis Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 6: 86 (1916)
= Spiranthes pitouchaoensis S.S.Ying; New Taxa New Names 3: 19 (2022)
= Spiranthes ×hongkongensis S.Y.Hu & Barretto; Chung Chi J. 13(2): 2 (1976)
species :
Spiranthes sunii Boufford & Wen H.Zhang; Harvard Pap. Bot. 13(2): 261 (2008)
Distribution: China (Gansu)
36 CHI
species :
Spiranthes sylvatica P.M.Br.; N. Amer. Native Orchid J. 7(3): 194 (2001)
Distribution: USA (Florida)
78 USA
species :
Spiranthes tenuis Lindl.; Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 466 (1840)
Distribution: Guatemala; Nicaragua; Cuba; Jamaica; Hispaniola (Haiti, Dominican Republic); Puerto Rico; Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Brazil
80 GUA NIC 81 CUB HIS JAM PUE 82 FRG GUY SUR 84 BRA
Remarks: not to be confused with Hapalorchis lineata (Hapalorchis tenuis (Lindl.) Schltr.)
species :
Spiranthes torta (Thunb.) Garay & Sweet; Fl. Lesser Antilles [R.A.Howard] 1: 77 (1974)
Name: Southern ladies´ tresses (Bahamas), Ibis (Puerto Rico)
Distribution: USA (S-Florida); Bermuda; Mexico (Quintana Roo, Veracruz); Guatemala; Belize; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Bahamas; Cuba; Jamaica; Hispaniola (Haiti, Dominican Republic); Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (St. Thomas); Antigua; Guadeloupe; Dominica; Martinique; St. Lucia; Grenada; ?French Guiana
78 USA 79 MEX 80 BLZ COS GUA HON NIC 81 ABA BAH BER CUB DOM GDL GRE HIS JAM MAR PUE STL VIR
Synonyms: hidden
= Gyrostachys apiculata (Lindl.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 664 (1891)
= Ibidium quinquelobatum (Poir.) Acuña; Bol. Estac. Exp. Agron. Santiago de las Vegas, No. 60 (Cat. Descr. Orquid. Cub.) 33 (1939)
= Ibidium tortile (Sw.) House; Muhlenbergia 1: 129 (1906)
= Ibidium xyridifolium Small; Fl. S.E. U.S., ed. 2 [Small] 319 (1913)
= Neottia quadridentata Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4: 73 (1806)
= Neottia tortilis Sw.; Neues J. Bot. 1: 51 (1805)
= Ophrys peruviana Aubl.; Hist. Pl. Guiane 2: 816 (1775)
= Ophrys quinquelobata Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 4: 568 (1798), nom. illeg.
= Ophrys torta Thunb.; Mus. Nat. Acad. Upsal. 9: 136 (1791)
= Satyrium spirale Sw.; Prodr. [O.P.Swartz] 118 (1788) [non (L.) Koch]
= Spiranthes amesiana Schltr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 27(2): 348 (1920)
= Spiranthes apiculata Lindl.; Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 474 (1840)
= Spiranthes laxiflora Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 2: 88 (1837)
= Spiranthes quadridentata (Willd.) Lindl.; Bot. Reg. 10: t. 823 (1824)
= Spiranthes quinquelobata (Poir.) Urb.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 305 (1918)
= Spiranthes swartzii E.H.L.Krause; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 32(2): 342 (1914)
= Spiranthes tortilis (Sw.) Rich.; Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 4: 59 (1818)
= Triorchis spiralis (Sw.) House; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 6: 206 (1920), nom. superfl.
species :
Spiranthes triloba (Small) K.Schum.; Just´s Bot. Jahresber. 26(1): 339 (1898)
Distribution: USA (Florida)
78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Gyrostachys triloba Small; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 25: 610 (1898)
= Ibidium trilobum (Small) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S., ed. 2 [Small] 320 (1913)
= Spiranthes ×itchetuckneensis P.M.Br.; N. Amer. Native Orchid J. 5(4): 362 (1999)
= Triorchis trilobus (Small) House; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 6: 206 (1920)
species :
Spiranthes tuberosa Raf.; Herb. Raf. 45 (1833)
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia)
74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Gyrostachys grayi (Ames) Britton; Man. Fl. N. States [Britton], ed. 3: 300 (1907)
= Gyrostachys simplex (A.Gray) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 664 (1891)
= Spiranthes grayi Ames; Rhodora 6: 44 (1904)
= Spiranthes simplex A.Gray; Manual [A.Gray] ed. 5: 506 (1867) [non Griseb.]
= Spiranthes tuberosa var. grayi (Ames) Fernald; Rhodora 48: 189 (1946)
= Triorchis grayi (Ames) Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 123 (1913)
species :
Spiranthes vernalis Engelm. & A.Gray; Boston J. Nat. Hist. 5: 236 (1845)
Name: Spring ladies´ tresses
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia); Mexico (Hidalgo, Chiapas, Michoacan, etc.); Guatemala; Bahamas
74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 80 GUA 81 BAH
Synonyms: hidden
= Gyrostachys ensifolia (Rchb.f.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 664 (1891)
= Gyrostachys linearis Rydb.; Man. Fl. N. States [Britton] 300 (1901)
= Gyrostachys praecox (Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 663 (1891)
= Gyrostachys reverchonii Small; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 610 (1898)
= Gyrostachys vernalis (Engelm. & A.Gray) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 664 (1891)
= Gyrostachys xyridifolia Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 318 (1903)
= Ibidium vernale (Engelm. & A.Gray) House; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 381 (1905)
= Ophrys aestivalis Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Michaux] 2: 157 (1803) [non Poir.]
= Spiranthes ensifolia Rchb.f.; Bonplandia (Hannover) 4: 211 (1856)
= Spiranthes graminea var. praecox Britton, Stern & Poggenb.; Prelim. Cat. New York 52 (1888)
= Spiranthes reverchonii (Small) Cory; Rhodora 38: 405 (1936)
= Spiranthes reverchonii (Small) K.Schum.; Just´s Bot. Jahresber. 26(1): 339 (1898)
= Triorchis linearis (Rydb.) Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 123 (1913)
= Triorchis vernalis (Engelm. & A.Gray) House; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 6: 206 (1920)
= Triorchis xyridifolius (Small) Britton; Fl. Bermuda [N.L. Britton] 90 (1918)
= Triorchis xyridifolia (Small) House; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 6: 206 (1920), isonym
species :
Spiranthes ×bightensis M.C.Pace; Phytotaxa 498(3): 139 (2021)
Distribution: USA (Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Virginia)
75 USA 78 USA
Remarks: cernua agg., Spiranthes odorata x cernua
species :
Spiranthes ×borealis P.M.Br.; N. Amer. Native Orchid J. 1(4): 290 (1995)
Distribution: USA (New Hampshire)
75 USA
Remarks: Spiranthes casei var. casei x ochroleuca
species :
Spiranthes ×casei Catling & Cruise; Rhodora 76 (808): 527 (1974 publ. 1975)
Distribution: Canada (New Brunswick, S-Québec, S-Ontario); USA (Wisconsin, N-Michigan, N-New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, N-Maine)
72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA
Remarks: cernua agg., S. lacera x S. ochroleuca
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiranthes ×casei var. novaescotiae Catling; Canad. J. Bot. 59(7): 1261 (1981)
species :
Spiranthes ×diluvialis Sheviak; Brittonia 36(1): 11 (1984)
Distribution: USA (N-Colorado, +Nevada, Idaho, Montana, Nebraska, Utah, Washington, Wyoming)
73 USA 74 USA 76 USA
Remarks: cernua agg., Spiranthes magnicamporum x S. romanzoffiana
Conservation Status: IUCN V
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiranthes romanzoffiana var. diluvialis (Sheviak) S.L.Welsh; Rhodora 95 (883­884): 419 (1993)
species :
Spiranthes ×eamesii P.M.Br.; N. Amer. Native Orchid J. 12: 61 (-62) (2006)
Distribution: USA (Connecticut)
75 USA
Remarks: Spiranthes lacera var. gracilis x tuberosa
species :
Spiranthes ×folsomii P.M.Br.; N. Amer. Native Orchid J. 6(1): 64 (2000)
Distribution: E-USA
75 USA
Remarks: Spiranthes longilabris x odorata
species :
Spiranthes ×heteroaustralis J.M.H.Shaw; Orchid Rev. 122 (1305): 17 (2014), nom. nov.
Distribution: USA (Florida)
78 USA
Remarks: Spiranthes praecox x vernalis
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiranthes ×australis P.M.Br.; N. Amer. Native Orchid J. 5(4): 358 (1999), non Lindl. 1824
species :
Spiranthes ×incurva (Jenn.) M.C.Pace; Syst. Bot. 42(4): 656 (2017)
Distribution: Canada (New Brunswick, S-Québec, S-Ontario); USA (Wisconsin, Michigan, N- & W-Pennsylvania, W-New York, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, E-Kansas, E-Nebrask)
72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA
Remarks: cernua agg.; stabilized hybrid derived from S. cernua x magnicamporum
Synonyms: hidden
= Ibidium incurvum Jenn.; Ann. Carnegie Mus. 3: 483 (1906)
species :
Spiranthes ×intermedia Ames; Rhodora 5: 262 (1903)
Distribution: E-Canada (Ontario, S-Québec, Nova Scotia); NE-USA (N-Michigan, Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Rhode Island)
72 CDN 75 USA 76 USA
Remarks: Spiranthes lacera var. gracilis x vernalis
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiranthes ×neglecta Ames; Rhodora 6: 30 (1904)
= Ibidium intermedium (Ames) House; Muhlenbergia 1: 129 (1906)
species :
Spiranthes ×kapnosperia M.C.Pace; Syst. Bot. 42(4): 659 (2017)
Distribution: USA (W-North Carolina, New York)
75 USA 78 USA
Remarks: Spiranthes cernua x S. ochroleuca
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiranthes ×sheviakii M.Hough & M.A.Young; Native Orchid Conf. J. 18(3): 35 (2021) (fide Pace 2023)
species :
Spiranthes ×meridionalis P.M.Br.; N. Amer. Native Orchid J. 6(2): 139 (2000)
Distribution: SE-USA
78 USA
Remarks: Spiranthes praecox x vernalis
species :
Spiranthes ×niklasii M.C.Pace; Syst. Bot. 42(4): 660 (2017)
Distribution: USA (Arkansas, SE-Oklahoma)
74 USA 78 USA
Remarks: cernua agg.; a stabilized hybrid derived from S. cernua x S. ovalis
species :
Spiranthes ×sierrae M.C.Pace; Taxon 68(2): 210 (2019)
Distribution: USA (California)
76 USA
Remarks: Spiranthes perexilis x S. porrifolia
species :
Spiranthes ×simpsonii Catling & Sheviak; Lindleyana 8(2): 78 (1993)
Distribution: E-Canada (Ontario, New Brunswick); USA (Wisconsin)
72 CDN 74 USA
Remarks: Spiranthes lacera x S. romanzoffiana
species :
Spiranthes ×stellata P.M.Br., Dueck & K.M.Cameron; N. Amer. Native Orchid J. 14(1): 4 (2008)
Distribution: USA (California)
76 USA
Remarks: Spiranthes perexilis x S. romanzoffiana
species :
Spiranthes ×zahlbruckneri H.Fleischm.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 60: 451 (1910)
Distribution: Austria; etc.
11 AUT
Remarks: Spiranthes aestivalis x S. spiralis
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.03 (March 6th, 2025)

Covering 356,112 accepted species,
8,776 hybrids, 48,085 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,454 synonyms,
in total 1,415,427* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life