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Ver. 25.03
Mar. 6th, 2025

134.0000 Family Orchidaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 64 (1789), nom. cons.
over 800 genera, more than 30.000 spp. worldwide, mostly tropical
Species listed in database: 30538; hybrids: 1461
= Apostasiaceae Lindl.; Nix. Pl. 22 (1833), nom. cons.
= Cypripediaceae Lindl.; Nix. Pl. 22 (1833)
= Limodoraceae Horan.; Char. Ess. Fam. 44 (1847)
= Liparidaceae Vines; Stud. Text-book Bot. 2: 567 (1895)
= Neottiaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat. 50 (1834)
= Neuwiediaceae R.Dahlgren ex Reveal & Hoogland; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia, Sér. 4, 13: 91 (1991)
= Ophrydaceae Vines; Stud. Text-book Bot. 2: 566 (1895)
= Pycnanthaceae Ravenna; Onira 12(6): 29 (2011)
= Vanillaceae Lindl.; Key Bot. 73 (1835)
134.6304 Genus Phaius Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 529 (1790)
Distribution: Tropical Asia to China and Japan, Australia and Pacific, 1 Madagascar, 1-2 tropical Africa. Separate from Calanthe fide several modern authors including Ormerod (2017) but often included in Calanthe s. latissimo.
Species listed in database: 41
= Cyanorkis Thouars; Nouv. Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris 1: 317 (1809)
= Hecabe Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 44 (1836)
= Limatodis Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 375 (1825)
= Pachyne Salisb.; Trans. Hort. Soc. London 1: 299 (1812)
= Paraphaius J.W.Zhai & F.W.Xing; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 77: 221 (2014)
= Pesomeria Lindl.; Edwards´s Bot. Reg. 24(Misc.): 5 (1838)
= Tankervillia Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 251 (1829)
species :
Phaius baconii J.J.Wood & Shim; Orchids Borneo 1: 225 (1994)
Distribution: Borneo (Sabah: Mt. Kinabalu)
42 BOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Calanthe baconii (J.J.Wood & Shim) M.W.Chase, Christenh. & Schuit.; Phytotaxa 472(2): 161 (2020)
species :
Phaius borneensis J.J.Sm.; Icon. Bogor. [Boerlage] t. 111 C (1903)
Distribution: Borneo (Mt. Kinabalu, Sabah, Kalimantan); Philippines
42 BOR PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Calanthe borneensis (J.J.Sm.) M.W.Chase, Christenh. & Schuit.; Phytotaxa 472(2): 161 (2020)
species :
Phaius callosus (Blume) Lindl.; Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 128 (1831)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia; Sumatra; Borneo; Sulawesi; Java
42 BOR JAW MLY SUL SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Calanthe callosa (Blume) M.W.Chase, Christenh. & Schuit.; Phytotaxa 472(2): 162 (2020)
= Geodorum plicatum Voigt; Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 629 (1845)
= Limodorum callosum Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 374 (1825)
= Phaius callosus var. sumatranus J.J.Sm.; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, Sér. 3, 2: 43 (1920)
= Phaius kuhlii Rchb.f.; Xenia Orchid. 2: 81, t. 122 (1865)
species :
Phaius columnaris C.Z.Tang & S.J.Cheng; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 5(2): 141 (1985)
Distribution: China (Mengla)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Calanthe columnaris (C.Z.Tang & S.J.Cheng) M.W.Chase, Christenh. & Schuit.; Phytotaxa 472(2): 162 (2020)
= Paraphaius columnaris (C.Z.Tang & S.J.Cheng) J.W.Zhai, Z.J.Liu & F.W.Xing; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 77: 221 (2014)
= Phaius guizhouensis G.Z.Li; J. Wuhan Bot. Res. 8(2): 142 (1990)
species :
Phaius cooperi Rolfe; Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 47(no. 1203): 46 (1910), et Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 159 (1910)
Distribution: Sulawesi
42 SUL
Synonyms: hidden
= Calanthe cooperi (Rolfe) M.W.Chase, Christenh. & Schuit.; Phytotaxa 472(2): 162 (2020)
= Phaius klabatensis J.J.Sm.; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, Sér. 3, 8: 37 (1926)
species :
Phaius corymbioides Schltr.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 45: Beibl. 104, 24 (1911)
Distribution: Sumatra; Java
42 JAW SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Calanthe corymbioides (Schltr.) M.W.Chase, Christenh. & Schuit.; Phytotaxa 472(6): 162 (2020)
species :
Phaius daenikeri Kraenzl.; Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 74: 76 (1929)
Distribution: New Caledonia (south and west central)
60 NWC
Synonyms: hidden
= Calanthe daenikeri (Kraenzl.) M.W.Chase, Christenh. & Schuit.; Phytotaxa 472(6): 162 (2020)
species :
Phaius duongiae Aver., V.C.Nguyen & Vuong; Phytotaxa 606(1): 74 (2023)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
species :
Phaius ecalcaratus (J.J.Sm.) J.J.Sm.; Bull. Dépt. Agric. Indes Néerl. 45: 13 (1911)
Distribution: Moluccas (Ambon)
42 MOL
Synonyms: hidden
= Calanthe ecalcarata (J.J.Sm.) M.W.Chase, Christenh. & Schuit.; Phytotaxa 472(6): 162 (2020)
= Phaius callosus var. ecalcaratus J.J.Sm.; Orch. Ambon 18 (1905)
species :
Phaius flavus (Blume) Lindl.; Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 128 (1831)
Distribution: China (N-Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, N-Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan); SE-Tibet; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); N-Ryukyu Isl. (Osumi Gunto); Taiwan; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tripura, West Bengal); Sri Lanka; N-Myanmar; Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Cameron Highlands, Gunung Ulu Kali, Pahan); Sumatra; Sulawesi; Philippines; Java; Moluccas (Seram); New Guinea (Papua New Guinea, Irian Jaya); [Western] Samoa (Savai´i)
36 CHI TIB 38 JAP NNS TAI 40 BHU IND NEP SRL 41 CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 JAW MLY MOL NWG PHI SUL SUM 60 SAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Bletia flava (Blume) Wall. ex Lindl.; Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 127 (1831)
= Bletia woodfordii Hook.; Bot. Mag. 54: t. 2719 (1827)
= Calanthe woodfordii (Hook.) M.W.Chase, Christenh. & Schuit.; Phytotaxa 472(6): 166 (2020)
= Hecabe lutea Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 44 (1838), nom. superfl.
= Limodorum crispum Reinw. ex Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 180 (1856)
= Limodorum flavum Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 8: 375 (1825)
= Paraphaius flavus (Blume) J.W.Zhai, Z.J.Liu & F.W.Xing; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 77: 221 (2014)
= Phaius bracteosus Rchb.f.; Bonplandia (Hannover) 5: 42 (1857)
= Phaius celebicus Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 68 (1911)
= Phaius crispus Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 180 (1856)
= Phaius flavus f. punctatus (Ohwi) Hatus. ex Yokata; Fl. Jap. [Iwatsuki et al., eds.] 4b: 277 (2016), isonym
= Phaius flavus f. punctatus (Ohwi) K.Nakaj.; Biol. Mag. 13: 33 (1981)
= Phaius flavus var. papuanus J.J.Sm.; Nova Guinea 12 3: 205 (1915)
= Phaius flexuosus Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 179 (1856)
= Phaius linearifolius Ames; Philipp. J. Sci., C 7: 10 (1912)
= Phaius maculatus Lindl.; (Numer. List [Wallich] 131, no. 3748 (1830), nomen), Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 127 (1831), nom. illeg.
= Phaius maculatus var. minor (Blume) Franch. & Sav.
= Phaius minor Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 181 (1856)
= Phaius minor f. punctatus Ohwi; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 33: 70 (1953)
= Phaius platychilus Rchb.f.; Xenia Orchid. 1: 201 (1856)
= Phaius somae Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 6: 74 (1916) (somai)
= Phaius tankervilliae f. veronicae S.Y.Hu & Barretto; Chung Chi J. 13(2): 25 (1976)
= Phaius undulatomarginatus Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 4: 59 (1914)
= Phaius woodfordii (Hook.) Merr.; J. Arnold Arbor. 29: 211 (1948) [bona sp.?]
species :
Phaius grandiflorus (Nadeaud) Govaerts; Phytotaxa 24: 58 (2011)
Distribution: Society Isl. (Tahiti)
61 SCI
Synonyms: hidden
= Calanthe grandiflora Nadeaud; Énum. Pl. Tahiti 37 (1875)
= Phaius tahitensis f. obtusa F.Br.; Occas. Pap. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Mus. 9(4): 13 (1930)
= Phaius tahitensis Schltr.; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 12: 161 (1926), nom. superfl.
species :
Phaius gratus Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 181 (1856)
Distribution: ?Java; Moluccas (Ambon)
42 MOL
Synonyms: hidden
= Calanthe grata (Blume) M.W.Chase, Christenh. & Schuit.; Phytotaxa 472(6): 162 (2020)
= Limatodis grata (Blume) Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 3: 672 (1859)
species :
Phaius hainanensis C.Z.Tang & S.J.Cheng; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20(2): 199 (1982)
Distribution: China (Hainan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Calanthe hainanensis (C.Z.Tang & S.J.Cheng) M.W.Chase & Schuit.; Phytotaxa 472(6): 163 (2020)
species :
Phaius hekouensis Tsukaya, M.Nakaj. & S.K.Wu; Bot. Mag. 27(4): 345 (2010)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Calanthe hekouensis (Tsukaya, M.Nakaj. & S.K.Wu) M.W.Chase, Christenh. & Schuit.; Phytotaxa 472(6): 163 (2020)
species :
Phaius indigofer Hassk.; Tijdschr. Natuurl. Gesch. Physiol. 9: 140 (1842), Xenia Orchid. 1: 202
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia; Java
42 JAW MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Calanthe indigofera (Hassk.) M.W.Chase, Christenh. & Schuit.; Phytotaxa 472(6): 163 (2020)
= Phaius indigofer var. estriatus J.J.Sm.; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, Sér. 3, 9: 39 (1927)
species :
Phaius indochinensis Seidenf. & Ormerod; Opera Bot. 124: 17 (1995)
Distribution: Thailand; Laos; Vietnam
41 LAO THA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Calanthe indochinensis (Seidenf. & Ormerod) M.W.Chase, Christenh. & Schuit.; Phytotaxa 472(6): 163 (2020)
species :
Phaius labiatus J.J.Sm.; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, Sér. 3, 2: 47 (1920)
Distribution: Sumatra
42 SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Calanthe labiata (J.J.Sm.) M.W.Chase, Christenh. & Schuit.; Phytotaxa 472(6): 163 (2020)
species :
Phaius landyae P.J.Cribb & J.V.Stone; Lady Tankerville´s Legacy 57 (2017)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Calanthe landyae (P.J.Cribb & J.V.Stone) M.W.Chase, Christenh. & Schuit.; Phytotaxa 472(6): 163 (2020)
species :
Phaius leonidii P.J.Cribb & J.V.Stone; Lady Tankerville´s Legacy 155 (2017)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Calanthe averyanoviana M.W.Chase, Christenh. & Schuit.; Phytotaxa 472(2): 161 (2020), nom. nov.
species :
Phaius luridus Thwaites; Enum. Pl. Zeyl. [Thwaites] 300 (1861)
Distribution: S-India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Kerala); Sri Lanka
40 IND SRL
Synonyms: hidden
= Calanthe testacea M.W.Chase, Christenh. & Schuit.; Phytotaxa 472(6): 165 (2020), nom. nov.
species :
Phaius lyonii Ames; Orchidaceae [Ames] 5: 94 (1915)
Distribution: Philippines (Luzon)
42 PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Calanthe lyonii (Ames) M.W.Chase, Christenh. & Schuit.; Phytotaxa 472(6): 163 (2020)
species :
Phaius mannii Rchb.f.; Otia Bot. Hamburg. 118 (1878)
Distribution: São Tomé; Equatorial Guinea; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; W-D.R.Congo [Zaire]
23 CON EQG GAB SAO ZAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Calanthe gustavii M.W.Chase, Christenh. & Schuit.; Phytotaxa 472(6): 162 (2020), nom. nov.
species :
Phaius mishmensis (Lindl. & Paxton) Rchb.f.; Bonplandia (Hannover) 5: 43 (1857)
Distribution: China (NW-Guangdong, Guangxi, S- & SE-Yunnan); SE-Tibet; Ryukyu Isl. (Okinawa); C- & S-Taiwan; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, West Bengal); Bangladesh; Bangladesh; Myanmar (Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing); N-Thailand; Laos; Vietnam; Philippines
36 CHI TIB 38 NNS 40 BAN BHU IND 41 LAO MYA THA VIE 42 PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Calanthe crinita Gagnep.; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. 2, 3: 322 (1931)
= Calanthe mishmensis (Lindl. & Paxton) M.W.Chase, Christenh. & Schuit.; Phytotaxa 472(6): 163 (2020)
= Calanthe ramosa Gagnep.; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. 2, 22: 626 (1951)
= Limatodis mishmensis Lindl. & Paxton; Paxton´s Fl. Gard. 3: 36 (1852)
= Phaius augustinianus Klotzsch; Allg. Gartenzeitung [Otto & Dietrich] 24: 9 (1856)
= Phaius crinita (Gagnep.) Seidenf.; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. 3, No. 71, Bot. 5: 141 (1972 publ. 1973)
= Phaius cupreus Rchb.f.; Bonplandia (Hannover) 3: 226 (1855)
= Phaius gracilis Hayata; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30: Art. 1, 322 (1911)
= Phaius roseus Rolfe; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1893: 6 (1893)
species :
Phaius montanus Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 1: 374 (1912)
Distribution: Moluccas (Seram); New Guinea (Papua New Guinea, Irian Jaya); Bougainville; Solomon Isl.
42 MOL NWG 43 SOL
Synonyms: hidden
= Calanthe montana (Schltr.) M.W.Chase, Christenh. & Schuit.; Phytotaxa 472(6): 164 (2020)
= Phaius montanus var. seramicus J.J.Sm.; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, Sér. 3, 106 (1928)
= Phaius tanjiewhoei P.J.Cribb, J.V.Stone & P.O´Byrne; Lady Tankerville´s Legacy 88 (2017)
species :
Phaius nanus Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 6: 192 (1890), et Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 22: t. 2088 (1893)
Distribution: India (West Bengal); Bangladesh; Myanmar (Kachin)
40 BAN IND 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Calanthe nana (Hook.f.) M.W.Chase, Christenh. & Schuit.; Phytotaxa 472(6): 164 (2020)
species :
Phaius occidentalis Schltr.; Kunene-Sambesi-Exped. [Warburg] 211 (1903)
Distribution: Cameroon; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Uganda; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe
23 CMN CON GAB ZAI 25 TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW ZAM ZIM
Synonyms: hidden
= Calanthe africana M.W.Chase, Christenh. & Schuit.; Phytotaxa 472(2): 161 (2020), nom. nov.
species :
Phaius pauciflorus (Blume) Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 181 (1856)
subspecies :
subsp. pauciflorus
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Taiping Hills, Main Range); Sumatra; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Flores)
42 JAW LSI MLY SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Calanthe pauciflora (Blume) M.W.Chase, Christenh. & Schuit.; Phytotaxa 472(6): 164 (2020)
= Limatodis pallida (Ridl.) Ridl.; Fl. Malay Penins. 4: 124 (1924)
= Limatodis pauciflora Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 375, t. 62 (1825)
= Limatodis punctata Lindl.; Fol. Orchid. 6/7(Limatodis): 2 (1855)
= Phaius pallidus Ridl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 32: 313 (1896)
= Phaius pauciflorus var. pallidus (Ridl.) Holttum; Gard. Bull. Singapore 11: 286 (1947)
= Phaius pauciflorus var. punctatus (Lindl.) J.J.Sm.; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, Sér. 3, 2: 44 (1920)
= Phaius pauciflorus var. sumatranus J.J.Sm.; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, Sér. 3, 2: 44 (1920)
subspecies :
subsp. sabahensis J.J.Wood & A.Lamb; Pl. Mt. Kinabalu [J.H. Beaman et al.] 2: 282 (1993)
Distribution: Borneo (Mt. Kinabalu, Sabah)
42 BOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Calanthe pauciflora subsp. sabahensis (J.J.Wood & A.Lamb) M.W.Chase, Christenh. & Schuit.; Phytotaxa 472(6): 164 (2020)
species :
Phaius philippinensis N.E.Br.; Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 1889(II): 239 (1889)
Distribution: Philippines
42 PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Calanthe philippinensis (N.E.Br.) M.W.Chase, Christenh. & Schuit.; Phytotaxa 472(6): 164 (2020)
species :
Phaius pulchellus Kraenzl.; Abh. Naturwiss. Verein Bremen 7: 254 (1882)
Distribution: Madagascar (Antananarivo, Antsiranana, Toamasina, Toliara); Mauritius; La Réunion
29 MAU MDG REU
Synonyms: hidden
= Calanthe pulchella (Kraenzl.) M.W.Chase, Christenh. & Schuit.; Phytotaxa 472(6): 164 (2020)
variant :
var. ambrensis Bosser; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 11(3): 534 (1971)
Distribution: Madagascar (Antsiranana)
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Calanthe pulchella var. ambrensis (Bosser) M.W.Chase, Christenh. & Schuit.; Phytotaxa 472(6): 164 (2020)
variant :
var. andrambovatensis Bosser; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 11(3): 533 (1971)
Distribution: Madagascar (Fianarantsoa)
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Calanthe pulchella var. andrambovatensis (Bosser) M.W.Chase, Christenh. & Schuit.; Phytotaxa 472(6): 164 (2020)
variant :
var. sandrangatensis Bosser; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 11(3): 534 (1971)
Distribution: Madagascar (Toamasina)
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Calanthe pulchella var. sandrangatensis (Bosser) M.W.Chase, Christenh. & Schuit.; Phytotaxa 472(6): 164 (2020)
species :
Phaius reflexipetalus J.J.Wood & Shim; Orchids Borneo 1: 231 (1994)
Distribution: Borneo (Sabah: Mt. Kinabalu)
42 BOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Calanthe reflexipetala (J.J.Wood & Shim) M.W.Chase, Christenh. & Schuit.; Phytotaxa 472(6): 164 (2020)
species :
Phaius robertsii F.Muell.; S. Sci. Rec. 3: 263 (1883)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea); Australia (Queensland); New Caledonia (south and north central); Vanuatu; Tonga
42 NWG 50 AUS 60 NWC TON VAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Phaius monticola Guillaumin; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 10: 71 (1941)
= Phaius pictus T.E.Hunt; Vict. Naturalist 69: 27 (1952)
= Calanthe robertsii (F.Muell.) M.W.Chase, Christenh. & Schuit.; Phytotaxa 472(6): 165 (2020)
species :
Phaius stenocentron Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 68 (1911)
Distribution: Sulawesi; Philippines
42 PHI SUL
Synonyms: hidden
= Calanthe stenocentron (Schltr.) M.W.Chase, Christenh. & Schuit.; Phytotaxa 472(6): 165 (2020)
= Phaius fragilis L.O.Williams; Bot. Mus. Leafl. 6: 102 (1938)
species :
Phaius subtrilobus Ames & C.Schweinf.; Orchidaceae [Ames] 6: 157 (1920)
Distribution: Borneo (Mt. Kinabalu, Sabah)
42 BOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Calanthe subtriloba (Ames & C.Schweinf.) M.W.Chase, Christenh. & Schuit.; Phytotaxa 472(6): 165 (2020)
species :
Phaius takeoi (Hayata) H.J.Su; Quart. J. Exp. Forest. 3(4): 77 (1989)
Distribution: China (S-Yunnan); Taiwan; Myanmar (Shan); N-Thailand; Vietnam
36 CHI 38 TAI 41 MYA THA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Calanthe takeoi Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 9: 111 (1920)
= Paraphaius takeoi (Hayata) J.W.Zhai, Z.J.Liu & F.W.Xing; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 77: 221 (2014)
= Phaius longicruris Z.H.Tsi; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19(4): 505 (1981)
species :
Phaius tankervilleae (Banks ex L´Hér.) Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 177 (1856)
Name: Swamp Orchid
Distribution: Mauritius [I]; China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan); SE-Tibet; Japan (Tanegashima Isl.); Ryukyu Isl. (Okinawa, Kumejima, Kita Daitosima, Amami Oshima, Ishigakijima, Iriomote, Yonaguni); Taiwan; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Kerala, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha, Sikkim, Tripura, Uttarakhand, West Bengal); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Myanmar (Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia; Singapore; Sumatra; Borneo (Mt. Kinabalu, Sabah); Sulawesi; Philippines; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl.; Moluccas; New Guinea (Papua New Guinea, Irian Jaya); Bismarck Arch.; Bougainville; Australia (New South Wales, Queensland); New Caledonia; Vanuatu; Tonga (Late Isl., Vava´u, ´Eua, Tofua); Niue; Fiji; Wallis & Futuna (Wallis Isl.); American Samoa [I] (Olosega [I], Ta´u [I]); [Western] Samoa [I] (Savai´i [I], ´Upolu [I]); Cook Isl. (Rarotonga, Mangaia); Hawaii [I] (Kauai [I], Oahu [I], Lanai [I], West Maui [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); Cuba [I]; Jamaica [I]; Puerto Rico [I]
29 mau 36 CHI TIB 38 JAP NNS TAI 40 BAN BHU IND NEP SRL 41 CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 BOR JAW LSI MLY MOL NWG PHI SNG SUL SUM 43 BIS SOL 50 AUS 60 asa FIJ NUE NWC sam TON VAN WAL 61 COO 63 haw 81 cub jam pue
Remarks: spelling of epithet highly disputed. A variable species with countless forms
Synonyms: hidden
= Bletia tankervilleae (Banks ex L´Hér.) R.Br.; Bot. Mag. t. 1924 (1818)
= Calanthe bachmaensis Gagnep.; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. 2, 22: 509 (1950)
= Calanthe speciosa Vieill.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 4, 16: 44 (1862), nom. illeg.
= Calanthe tankervilleae (Banks) M.W.Chase, Christenh. & Schuit.; Phytotaxa 472(6): 165 (2020)
= Dendrobium veratrifolium (Lindl.) Roxb.; Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 3: 482 (1832)
= Limodorum incarvillei Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 374 (1825)
= Limodorum incarvillei Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 520 (1807), nom. superfl.
= Limodorum spectabile Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 9 (1796)
= Limodorum tancarvilleae Banks ex L´Hér.; Sert. Angl. 28 (1789)
= Limodorum tankervilleae Banks; Icon., t. Limodorum tankervilleae (1788)
= Limodorum tankervilliae Roxb.; Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 3: 466 (1832)
= Pachyne spectabilis (Salisb.) Salisb.; Trans. Hort. Soc. London 1: 299 (1812)
= Phaius antoninae P.Balzer; OrchideenJ. 2(2): 62 (2011)
= Phaius australis F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 1: 42 (1858)
= Phaius australis var. bernaysii (Rowland ex Rchb.f.) Nicholls; Vict. Naturalist 67: 13 (1951)
= Phaius baolocensis Duy, Tao Chen & D.X.Zhang; Adansonia, Sér. 3, 34(2): 251-255 (2012)
= Phaius bernaysii f. idae (F.M.Bailey) T.E.Hunt; Census S. Queensland Orchids 12 (1947)
= Phaius bernaysii F.Muell. ex Bernays; Gard. Chron. 1873: 361, 1244 (1873)
= Phaius bernaysii f. soutteri (F.M.Bailey) T.E.Hunt; Census S. Queensland Orchids 12 (1947)
= Phaius bernaysii Rowland ex Rchb.f.; Gard. Chron. 1873: 361 (1873)
= Phaius blumei Lindl.; Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 127 (1831)
= Phaius blumei var. assamica Rchb.f.; Gard. Chron., n. s. 17: 558 (1882)
= Phaius blumei var. bernaysii (Rowland ex Rchb.f.) Hook.f.; Bot. Mag. 99: t. 6032 (1873)
= Phaius blumei var. pulchra King & Pantl.; Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 8: 109, t. 151 (1898)
= Phaius carronii F.Muell.; Essay Pl. Burdekin 19 (1860)
= Phaius giganteus Hemsl.; Gard. Chron., n. s. 18: 565 (1882)
= Phaius grandiflorus Rchb.f.; Ann. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 6: 459 (1862), orth. var.
= Phaius grandifolius f. idae F.M.Bailey; Queensl. Fl. 5: 1544 (1902)
= Phaius grandifolius f. soutteri F.M.Bailey; Queensl. Fl. 5: 1544 (1902)
= Phaius grandifolius Lindl. ex Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 3747 (1831), nomen
= Phaius grandifolius Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 529 (1790)
= Phaius grandifolius var. bernaysii (Rowland ex Rchb.f.) F.M.Bailey; Syn. Queensl. Fl. 515 (1883)
= Phaius grandifolius var. rowanae F.M.Bailey; Queensland Agric. J. 28: 74 (1912)
= Phaius grandifolius var. superbus Van Houtte; Fl. Serres Jard. Eur., Ser. 1, 7: 259 (1852)
= Phaius incarvillei (Pers.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 675 (1891) [Phajus]
= Phaius incarvillei var. speciosus (Vieill.) Guillaumin; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 10: 72 (1941)
= Phaius leucophaeus F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 4: 163 (1864)
= Phaius oweniae Sander; Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 15: 539 (1894)
= Phaius sinensis Rolfe; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 142 (1913)
= Phaius tancervilliae var. superbus (Van Houtte) S.Y.Hu; Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 27 (3-4): 464 (1974)
= Phaius tankervilleae (Banks ex L´Hér.) Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 177 (1856)
= Phaius tankervilleae f. alboflorens S.S.Ying; Coloured Ill. Fl. Taiwan 4: 798 (1992), type herbarium not cited.
= Phaius tankervilleae f. veronicae S.Y.Hu & Barretto; Chung Chi J. 13(2): 25 (1976)
= Phaius tankervilleae var. antoninae (P.Balzer) J.V.Stone & P.J.Cribb; Lady Tankerville´s Legacy 103 (2017)
= Phaius tankervilleae var. australis (F.Muell.) J.V.Stone & P.J.Cribb; Lady Tankerville´s Legacy 105 (2017)
= Phaius tankervilleae var. baolocensis (Duy, Tao Chen & D.X.Zhang) J.V.Stone & P.J.Cribb; Lady Tankerville´s Legacy 108 (2017)
= Phaius tankervilleae var. bernaysii (Rowland ex Rchb.f.) J.V.Stone & P.J.Cribb; Lady Tankerville´s Legacy 111 (2017)
= Phaius tankervilleae var. devogelii P.J.Cribb & J.V.Stone; Lady Tankerville´s Legacy 115 (2017)
= Phaius tankervilleae var. mariesii Rchb.f.; Gard. Chron., n. s. 17: 588 (1882)
= Phaius tankervilleae var. papuanus J.J.Sm.; Nova Guinea 12: 203 (1915)
= Phaius tankervilleae var. pulchra (King & Pantl.) Karthik.; Fl. Ind. Enum. Monocot. [Karthikeyan et al.] 163 (1989)
= Phaius tankervilleae var. superbus (Van Houtte) S.Y.Hu; Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 27: 464 (1974)
= Phaius tankervilliae var. papuanus J.J.Sm.; (1915)
= Phaius veratrifolius Lindl.; Numer. List [Wallich] 3746 (1831), et Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 5: 127 (1831)
= Phaius wallichii var. assamica (Rchb.f.) King & Pantl.; Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 8: t. 141 (1898)
= Tankervillia cantoniensis Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 251 (1829), nom. superfl.
species :
Phaius tenuis Rchb.f.; Xenia Orchid. 1: 200 (1856), et Bonplandia (Hannover) 5: 42 (1857)
Distribution: Sumatra
42 SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Calanthe exilis M.W.Chase, Christenh. & Schuit.; Phytotaxa 472(6): 162 (2020), nom. nov. inval.
species :
Phaius tetragonus (Thouars) Rchb.f.; Bonplandia (Hannover) 3: 221 (1855)
Distribution: Mauritius; La Réunion; Seychelles (Mahé Isl.)
29 MAU REU SEY
Synonyms: hidden
= Broughtonia tetragona (Thouars) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 734 (1826)
= Calanthe tetragona (Thouars) M.W.Chase, Christenh. & Schuit.; Phytotaxa 472(6): 165 (2020)
= Cyanorkis cyanorchis Thouars; Hist. Orchid., t. 33-34 (1822)
= Epidendrum tetragonum Thouars; Hist. Orchid. t. 34 (1822)
= Limodorum tetragonum (Thouars) A.Rich.; Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 4: 41 (1828)
= Pesomeria tetragona (Thouars) Lindl.; Edwards´s Bot. Reg. (1838) Misc. 5
species :
Phaius tonkinensis (Aver.) Aver.; Danh luc cac loai thuc vat viet nam 3: 638 (2005)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Calanthe tonkinensis (Aver.) M.W.Chase, Christenh. & Schuit.; Phytotaxa 472(6): 166 (2020)
= Phaius mishmensis var. tonkinensis Aver.; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 82(3): 133 (1997)
species :
Phaius trichoneurus Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: 176 (1925)
Distribution: Sulawesi
42 SUL
Synonyms: hidden
= Calanthe trichoneura (Schltr.) M.W.Chase, Christenh. & Schuit.; Phytotaxa 472(6): 166 (2020)
species :
Phaius wallichii Lindl.; Pl. Asiat. Rar. [Wallich] 2: 46, t. 158 (1831)
Distribution: China (Hongkong, S-Yunnan); Tibet; Bhutan; India (Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya); Bangladesh; Myanmar (Mandalay); Thailand; Vietnam; ?Sumatra
36 CHI TIB 40 BAN BHU IND 41 MYA THA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Calanthe longicornu (Guillaumin) M.W.Chase, Christenh. & Schuit.; Phytotaxa 472(6): 163 (2020)
= Calanthe wallichii (Lindl.) M.W.Chase, Christenh. & Schuit.; Phytotaxa 472(6): 166 (2020)
= Phaius bicolor Lindl.; Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 128 (1831)
= Phaius longicornu Guillaumin; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. 2, 29: 348 (1957)
= Phaius magniflorus Z.H.Tsi & S.C.Chen; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 32(6): 560 (1994)
= Phaius roeblingii O´Brien; Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 17: 358 (1895)
= Phaius sanderi Mast.; Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 11: 598 (1892)
species :
Phaius wenshanensis F.Y.Liu; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 13(4): 372 (1991)
Distribution: China (SE-Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Calanthe ferruginea M.W.Chase, Christenh. & Schuit.; Phytotaxa 472(6): 162 (2020), nom. nov.
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.03 (March 6th, 2025)

Covering 356,112 accepted species,
8,776 hybrids, 48,085 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,454 synonyms,
in total 1,415,427* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life