478.0000
Family
Boraginaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. 128 (1789), nom. cons., s. str.
118 genera, ca. 2000 spp.
Species listed in database: 2042; hybrids: 46
= Anchusaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 274, 302 (1818)
= Cerinthaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 244 (1820)
= Cynoglossaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. 406 (1843)
= Echiaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 2: 61 (1837)
= Onosmaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 437 (1820)
478.3855
Genus
Paracaryum Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 1, 11: 128 (1849)
Distribution: Asia Minor to C-Asia. Species assignment not yet finalized.
Species listed in database: 68
= Mattia Schult.; Observ. Bot. [Schultes] 30, 32 (1809)
= Mattiastrum (Boiss.) Brand; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 150 (1915)
= Paracaryopsis (Riedl) R.R.Mill; Edinburgh J. Bot. 48(1): 56 (1991)
= Adelocaryum Brand; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 547 (1915)
species :
Paracaryum amani
(Rech.f.) R.R.Mill; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 35: 305 (1977)
Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Remarks: shepardii agg.
Conservation Status: IUCN R
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum amani (Rech.f.) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 11: 34 (1981)
= Mattiastrum amani Rech.f.; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 58: 51 (1951)
species :
Paracaryum artvinense
R.R.Mill; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 35: 305 (1977)
Distribution: Turkey (NE-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Conservation Status: IUCN R
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum artvinense (R.R.Mill) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 11: 34 (1981)
= Mattiastrum artvinense (R.R.Mill) Valdés; Willdenowia 41(2): 312 (2011)
species :
Paracaryum asperum
Stocks; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 4: 175 (1852)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Bamyan, Ghazni, Farah, Ghorat, Herat, Kabul, Laghman, Logar, Wardak, Orozgan / Daykundi, Paktia / Khost, Parwan, Zabul); Pakistan (Baluchistan, Quetta)
34 AFG 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum asperum (Stocks) Greuter & Stier; Biodivers. Data J. 3 (e4831): 15 (2015)
= Mattiastrum asperum (Stocks) Brand; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 153 (1915)
= Mattiastrum honigbergeri Rech.f.; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 55: 14 (1947)
species :
Paracaryum aucheri
(DC. & A.DC.) Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 11: 131 (1849)
Distribution: East Aegaean Isl. (Samos); Turkey (SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia)
34 EAI TUR
Remarks: leptophyllum agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum aucheri (DC. & A.DC.) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 11: 34 (1981)
= Cynoglossum lanatum Aucher ex A.DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 169 (1846), pro syn.
= Mattia aucheri DC. & A.DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 169 (1846)
= Mattiastrum aucheri (DC. & A.DC.) Brand; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 150 (1915)
= Rindera aucheri (DC. & A.DC.) Bunge; Beitr. Fl. Russl. 239 (1852), nom. nud.
= Rindera graeca var. incana Brand; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.252, Heft 78 (Borag.-Cynogloss.): 70 (1921)
species :
Paracaryum badghysii
(Sadat) comb.ined.
Distribution: Afghanistan (Badghys)
34 AFG
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum badghysii (Sadat) Greuter & Stier; Biodivers. Data J. 3 (e4831): 15 (2015)
= Mattiastrum badghysii Sadat; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 28: 67 (1989)
species :
Paracaryum bingoelianum
Behçet & Ilçim; Turk. J. Bot. 39(2): 334, figs. 1-6 (2015)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Paracaryum calycinum
Boiss. & Balansa; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 2, 6: 125 (1859) (syn. subst.)
Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Remarks: leptophyllum agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum argaeum Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 11: 34 (1981) (non C. calycinum C A. Mey. (1831))
= Mattiastrum calycinum (Boiss. & Balansa) Brand; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 152 (1915)
species :
Paracaryum cappadocicum
Boiss. & Balansa; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 2, 6: 124 (1859) (syn. subst.)
Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia)
34 TUR
Remarks: lithospermifolium agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum caesareum Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 11: 34 (1981), nom. nov.
= Mattiastrum cappadocicum (Boiss. & Balansa) Brand; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 155 (1915)
species :
Paracaryum coelestinum
(Lindl.) Benth. ex C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 4: 160 (1883)
Name: Himmelblaue Hundszunge (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; India (Goa, Daman & Diu, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu)
11 ger 40 IND
Conservation Status: IUCN I
Synonyms: hidden
= Adelocaryum coelestinum (Lindl.) Brand; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 549 (1915)
= Cynoglossum coelestinum Lindl.; Edwards´s Bot. Reg. 25: t. 36 (1839)
= Echinospermum coelestinum (Lindl.) Wight; Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. [Wight] 4: t. 1394 (1848)
= Paracaryopsis coelestina (Lindl.) R.R.Mill; Edinburgh J. Bot. 48(1): 57 (1991)
species :
Paracaryum corymbiforme
(DC. & A.DC.) Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 11: 131 (1849)
Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Remarks: racemosum agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum corymbiforme (DC. & A.DC.) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 11: 34 (1981)
= Mattia corymbiformis DC. & A.DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 169 (1846)
= Mattia corymbiformis var. polystachya DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 169 (1846)
= Mattiastrum corymbiforme (DC. & A.DC.) Brand; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 151 (1915)
= Paracaryum corymbiforme var. polystachyum (DC.) Tchich.; Asie Min., Bot. [P.A.Tchichatscheff] 2: 115 (1860)
= Rindera corymbiformis (DC. & A.DC.) Bunge; Mem. Sav. Etr. Petersb. 7: 415 (1851)
species :
Paracaryum crista-galli
(Rech.f. & Riedl) Kamelin & Raenko; Bot. Zhurn. 70(8): 1117 (1985)
Distribution: Iran (NE-Iran: Mts.); Afghanistan (Baghlan, Herat, Takhar)
34 AFG IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum crista-galli (Rech.f. & Riedl) Greuter & Stier; Biodivers. Data J. 3 (e4831): 16 (2015)
= Mattiastrum crista-galli Rech.f. & Riedl; Biol. Skr. 13(4) [Symb. Afghan. 5]: 207 (1963)
= Paracaryum crista-galli (Rech.f. & Riedl) D.Heller; D. Heller & Heyn, Consp. Fl. Orient. 3: 93 (1986), isonym
species :
Paracaryum cristatum
(Schreb.) Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 1, 2: 131 (1849)
subspecies :
subsp. cristatum
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (E-Iran, W-Iran)
32 KAZ TKM 34 IRN IRQ TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossospermum cristatum (Schreb.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 437 (1891)
= Cynoglossum cristatum Schreb.; Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 3: 476 (1767)
= Echinospermum cristatum (Schreb.) Bunge; Del. Sem. Dorp. 8 (1889)
= Lappula cristata (Schreb.) B.Fedtsch.; Rastiteln. Turkestana [B.Fedtschenko] 663 (1915)
= Mattia cristata (Schreb.) G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 310 (1837)
= Mattiastrum cristatum (Schreb.) Brand; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 154 (1916)
= Mattiastrum cristatum var. paropamisi Brand; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.252, Heft 78 (Borag.-Cynogloss.): 62 (1921)
= Omphalodes cristata (Schreb.) Schrank; Denkschr. Königl. Akad. Wiss. München 3: 221 (1812)
= Rindera cristata (Schreb.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 4: 761 (1819)
subspecies :
subsp. carduchorum
R.R.Mill; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 35: 306 (1977)
Distribution: Turkey; Iraq; Iran
34 IRN IRQ TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum cristatum subsp. carduchorum (R.R.Mill) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 11: 34 (1981)
= Mattiastrum cristatum subsp. carduchorum (R.R.Mill) Valdés; Willdenowia 41(2): 312 (2011)
species :
Paracaryum cyclhymenium
(Boiss.) Riedl; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 48: 10, t. 19, f. 1 (1967)
Distribution: Iran (EC-Iran, SW-Iran)
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum cyclhymenium (Boiss.) Greuter & Stier; Biodivers. Data J. 3 (e4831): 16 (2015)
= Paracaryum persicum var. cyclhymenium (Boiss.) Brand; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.252, Heft 78 (Borag.-Cynogloss.): 49 (1921)
= Paracaryum rugulosum var. cyclhymenium Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4(1): 256 (1875)
= Paracaryum tenuicaule Hausskn. & Bornm.; (1906)
species :
Paracaryum cynoglossoides
(Rech.f. & Riedl) Khat.; Iran. J. Bot. 6(2): 230 (1994)
Distribution: Afghanistan
34 AFG
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum cynoglossoides (Rech.f. & Riedl) Greuter & Stier; Biodivers. Data J. 3 (e4831): 16 (2015)
= Mattiastrum cynoglossoides Rech.f. & Riedl; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 48, 123 (1967)
species :
Paracaryum densum
(Rech.f. & Riedl) D.Heller; Consp. Fl. Orient. 3: 93 (1986)
Distribution: Iraq (SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia)
34 IRQ
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum densum (Rech.f. & Riedl) Greuter & Stier; Biodivers. Data J. 3 (e4831): 16 (2015)
= Mattiastrum densum Rech.f. & Riedl; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 110: 519, f. 4 (1963)
species :
Paracaryum dielsii
(Bornm.) comb.ined.
Distribution: Afghanistan (Bamyan, Ghazni, Kabul, Wardak, Orozgan / Daykundi, Paktia / Khost, Parwan)
34 AFG
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum dielsii (Bornm.) Greuter & Stier; Biodivers. Data J. 3 (e4831): 16 (2015)
= Lindelofia stenosiphon Rech.f.; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 58: 49 (1951)
= Mattiastrum dielsii Bornm.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 66: 236 (1934)
species :
Paracaryum dieterlei
(Sadat) comb.ined.
Distribution: Afghanistan (Bamyan)
34 AFG
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum dieterlei (Sadat) Greuter & Stier; Biodivers. Data J. 3 (e4831): 16 (2015)
= Mattiastrum dieterlei Sadat; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 28: 88 (1989)
species :
Paracaryum erysimifolium
Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4(1): 259 (1875)
Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Remarks: leptophyllum agg.
Conservation Status: IUCN R
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum erysimifolium (Boiss.) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 11(1): 34 (1981)
= Mattiastrum erysimifolium (Boiss.) Brand; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 152 (1915)
species :
Paracaryum flaviflorum
(Rech.f. & Riedl) comb.ined.
Distribution: Afghanistan (Bamyan, Ghazni)
34 AFG
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum flaviflorum (Rech.f. & Riedl) Greuter & Stier; Biodivers. Data J. 3 (e4831): 16 (2015)
= Mattiastrum flaviflorum Rech.f. & Riedl; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 48, 122 (1967)
= Mattiastrum latiflorum Rech.f. & Riedl; Biol. Skr. 13(4) [Symb. Afghan. 5]: 214 (1963)
species :
Paracaryum glandulosum
Khat.; Iran. J. Bot. 6(2): 228 (1994)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum glandulosum (Khat.) Greuter & Stier; Biodivers. Data J. 3 (e4831): 17 (2015)
species :
Paracaryum glastifolium
(Willd.) Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 1, 11: 131 (1849)
Distribution: Armenia
33 ARM
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum glastifolium Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 1: 764 (1798)
= Mattia glastifolia (Willd.) G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 310 (1837)
= Mattiastrum glastifolium (Willd.) Brand; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 141 (1915)
= Rindera glastifolia (Willd.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 4: 83 (1819)
species :
Paracaryum hedgei
Aytaç & R.R.Mill; Edinburgh J. Bot. 61(2-3): 109 (2005)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum hedgei (Aytaç & R.R.Mill) Greuter & Stier; Biodivers. Data J. 3 (e4831): 17 (2015)
species :
Paracaryum heratense
(Rech.f. & Riedl) Kamelin; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prír., Otd. Biol. 80(6): 90 (1975)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Bamyan, Ghazni, Herat, Wardak, Orozgan / Daykundi, Parwan); India (Jammu & Kashmir)
34 AFG 40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum heratense (Rech.f. & Riedl) Greuter & Stier; Biodivers. Data J. 3(e4831): 17 (2015)
= Mattiastrum heratense Rech.f. & Riedl; Biol. Skr. 13(4) [Symb. Afghan. 5]: 210 (1963)
species :
Paracaryum himalayense
(Klotzsch) C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 4: 162 (1883)
Distribution: Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Badakshan, Wakhan, Bamyan, Ghazni, Wardak, Paktia / Khost); W-Tibet; Pakistan (Gilgit, Baltistan); NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir, Ladakh)
32 KGZ TKM TZK UZB 34 AFG 36 TIB 40 IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum himalayense (Klotzsch) Greuter & Stier; Biodivers. Data J. 3 (e4831): 17 (2015)
= Mattia himalayensis Klotzsch; Bot. Ergebn. Reise Waldemar [Klotzsch & Garcke] 94, t. 64 (1862)
= Mattiastrum acrocladum Rech.f. & Riedl; Biol. Skr. 13(4) [Symb. Afghan. 5]: 207 (1963)
= Mattiastrum emiri (Popov) Czerep.; Sosud. Rast. S.S.S.R. 116 (1981)
= Mattiastrum himalayense (Klotzsch) Brand; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 156 (1914)
= Mattiastrum himalayense subsp. fallax Rech.f. & Riedl; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 48: 117 (1967)
= Mattiastrum himalayense var. fallax (Rech.f. & Riedl) Kazmi; J. Arnold Arbor. 52(1): 128 (1971)
= Paracaryum emiri Popov; Korovin, Kult. & Popov, Descr. Pl. Nov. Turkmenistan. (Bodenk. u. Pflanzengeogr. Beob. u. Unters. 1: Flussgeb. d. Amu Darya u. Syr Darya, II.), 66 (1916)
species :
Paracaryum hirsutum
(DC.) Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 11: 130 (1849) (non Cynoglossum hirsutum Thunb. (1794))
Distribution: Azerbaijan; Turkey
33 AZE 34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum paracaryum Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 11: 35 (1981) (nom. nov.)
= Omphalodes hirsuta DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 159 (1846) (syn. subst.)
species :
Paracaryum incanum
(Ledeb.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4: 262 (1815)
Distribution: Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia)
33 AZE 34 TUR
Remarks: racemosum agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum incanum (Ledeb.) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 11: 35 (1981)
= Mattia incana Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 3: 173 (1847)
= Mattiastrum incanum (Ledeb.) Brand; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 151 (1915)
= Rindera incana (Ledeb.) Bunge; Mem. Sav. Etr. Petersb. 7: 415 (1851)
species :
Paracaryum integerrimum
Myrz.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Bot. Akad. Nauk Kazakhsk. S.S.R. 9: 30 (1975)
Distribution: Kazakhstan
32 KAZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum integerrimum (Myrz.) Greuter & Stier; Biodivers. Data J. 3 (e4831): 17 (2015)
species :
Paracaryum karakoricum
(Podlech & Sadat) comb.ined.
Distribution: Pakistan (Karakorum)
40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum karakoricum (Podlech & Sadat) Greuter & Stier; Biodivers. Data J. 3 (e4831): 18 (2015)
= Mattiastrum karakoricum Podlech & Sadat; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 27: 65 (1988)
species :
Paracaryum karataviense
Pavlov ex Popov; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., ed.] 19: 717 (1953)
Distribution: Kazakhstan (Karatau)
32 KAZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum karataviense (Pavlov ex Popov) Greuter & Stier; Biodivers. Data J. 3 (e4831): 18 (2015)
= Mattiastrum karataviense (Pavlov ex Popov) Czerep.; Sosud. Rast. S.S.S.R. 116 (1981)
species :
Paracaryum khorassanicum
Khat.; Iran. J. Bot. 8(1): 4 (1999)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum khorassanicum (Khat.) Greuter & Stier; Biodivers. Data J. 3 (e4831): 18 (2015)
species :
Paracaryum kurdistanicum
(Brand) R.R.Mill; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 35: 306 (1977)
Distribution: Turkey (SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia)
34 TUR
Conservation Status: IUCN R
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum kurdistanicum (Brand) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 11: 35 (1981)
= Mattiastrum kurdistanicum Brand; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 154 (1915)
species :
Paracaryum lalezarense
Doostm. & Mirtadz.; Phytotaxa 400(5): 292 (2019)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Paracaryum lambertianum
C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 4: 161 (1883)
Distribution: India (Maharashtra)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Adelocaryum lambertianum (C.B.Clarke) R.R.Mill; Edinburgh J. Bot. 67(1): 152 (2010)
= Cynoglossum lambertianum (C.B.Clarke) Greuter & Stier; Biodivers. Data J. 3 (e4831): 18 (2015)
= Mattiastrum lambertianum (C.B.Clarke) Brand; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.252, Heft 78 (Borag.-Cynogloss.): 61 (1921)
= Paracaryopsis lambertiana (C.B.Clarke) R.R.Mill; Edinburgh J. Bot. 48(1): 59 (1991)
species :
Paracaryum lamprocarpum
Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 1, 11: 131 (1849) et Fl. 4: 258 (1875)
Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia); Lebanon (Antilebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert)
34 LEB SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum lamprocarpum (Boiss.) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 11: 35 (1981)
= Mattiastrum lamprocarpum (Boiss.) Brand; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 154 (1915)
= Mattiastrum lamprocarpum var. warburgianum Evenari; Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève 31: 359 (1940)
species :
Paracaryum laxiflorum
Trautv.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 3: 274 (1875)
Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; NE-Turkey
33 ARM AZE GEO 34 TUR
Remarks: laxiflorum agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum laxiflorum (Trautv.) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 11(1): 35 (1981)
= Mattiastrum laxiflorum (Trautv.) Czerep.; Sosud. Rast. S.S.S.R. 116 (1981)
species :
Paracaryum leptophyllum
(A.DC.) Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 1, 11: 131 (1849)
Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Remarks: leptophyllum agg.
Conservation Status: IUCN R
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum ancyritanum (Boiss.) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 11(1): 34 (1981)
= Cynoglossum angustifolium Aucher ex A.DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 170 (1846), nom. inval.
= Cynoglossum leptophyllum (A.DC.) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 11: 35 (1981)
= Mattia leptophylla A.DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 170 (1846)
= Mattiastrum ancyritanum (Boiss.) Brand; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 152 (1915)
= Mattiastrum leptophyllum (A.DC.) Brand; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 152 (1915)
= Omphalodes pontica C.Koch; Linnaea 22: 646 (1849)
= Paracaryum ancyritanum Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4(2): 260 (1879)
= Paracaryum ponticum (C.Koch) Boiss.; Pl. Orient. Nov. 2: 9 (1875)
= Rindera leptophylla (A.DC.) Bunge; Mem. Sav. Etr. Petersb. 7: 415 (1851)
species :
Paracaryum leventshikii
Yild.; Ot Sist. Bot. Derg. 25(2): 8 (2018)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Paracaryum lithospermifolium
(Lam.) Grande; Bull. Orto Bot. Regia Univ. Napoli 4: 183 (1914)
subspecies :
subsp. lithospermifolium
Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Cyprus (C-Mountains); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon)
34 CYP LEB TUR
Remarks: lithospermifolium agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum lithospermifolium Lam.; Encycl. [J. Lamarck et al.] 2: 240 (1786)
= Cynoglossum myosotoides Labill.; Icon. Pl. Syr. 2: 6, t. 2 (1791)
= Mattiastrum lithospermifolium (Lam.) Brand; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 155 (1915)
= Omphalodes myosotoides (Labill.) Schrank; Denkschr. Königl. Akad. Wiss. München 3: 222 (1812)
= Paracaryum lithospermifolium var. erectum R.R.Mill; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 35(3): 307 (1977)
= Paracaryum myosotoides (Labill.) Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 1, 11: 130 (1849)
= Picotia lithospermifolia (Lam.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 4: 86 (1819)
subspecies :
subsp. cariense
(Boiss.) R.R.Mill; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 307 (1977)
Distribution: Crete (Lefka Ori); East Aegaean Isl. (Samos); Turkey; Cyprus (C-Mountains)
13 KRI 34 CYP EAI TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum lithospermifolium subsp. cariense (Boiss.) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 11(1): 35 (1981)
= Cynoglossum troodi H.Lindb.; Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn., n. s. B. 2: No. 7, 27 (1946), Rech.f. in Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 43: 38 (1949), descr. ampl.
= Mattiastrum lithospermifolium subsp. cariense (Boiss.) Valdés; Willdenowia 41(2): 312 (2011)
= Omphalodes cariensis Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 4: 4 (1844)
= Paracaryum cariense (Boiss.) Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 1, 11: 130 (1849)
= Paracaryum sibthorpianum Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 1, 11: 130 (1849)
species :
Paracaryum longipes
Boiss. & Balansa; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 2, 6: 126 (1859)
Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, S-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum longipes (Boiss. & Balansa) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 1: 35 (1981)
= Mattiastrum longipes (Boiss. & Balansa) Brand; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 152 (1915)
species :
Paracaryum luristanicum
Nábelek; Publ. Fac. Sci. Univ. Masaryk, Brno, No. 70, 23 (1926)
Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum luristanicum (Nábelek) Greuter & Stier; Biodivers. Data J. 3 (e4831): 19 (2015)
= Mattiastrum luristanicum (Nábelek) Riedl; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 48, 111 (1967)
species :
Paracaryum malabaricum
C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 4: 160 (1883)
Distribution: India (Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra,Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
Conservation Status: IUCN I
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum malabaricum (C.B.Clarke) Riedl; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 119(1 -3): 71 (1971)
= Adelocaryum malabaricum (C.B.Clarke) Brand; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 549 (1915)
= Paracaryopsis malabarica (C.B.Clarke) R.R.Mill; Edinburgh J. Bot. 48(1): 59 (1991)
species :
Paracaryum modestum
Boiss. & Hausskn.; Boiss., Pl. Nov. Or. Dec. 2: 5 (1875)
Distribution: Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (SW-Iran, W-Iran)
34 IRN IRQ
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum modestum (Boiss. & Hausskn. ex Boiss.) Greuter & Stier; Biodivers. Data J. 3 (e4831): 19 (2015)
= Mattiastrum modestum (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Brand; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 154 (1915)
= Mattiastrum straussii (Boiss. & Hausskn. ex Bornm.) Brand; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 155 (1915)
= Paracaryum macrotrichum Vatke; Zeitschr. Gesammt. Naturw. N. F.11: 125 (1875)
= Paracaryum straussii Hausskn. ex Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 20(2): 192 (1906)
species :
Paracaryum montbretii
(Riedl) R.R.Mill; P. H. Davis, Fl. Turkey 6: 290 (1978)
Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Remarks: laxiflorum agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum montbretii (Riedl) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 11: 35 (1981)
= Mattiastrum montbretii Riedl; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 110: 520 (1963)
species :
Paracaryum multicaule
(Rech.f. & Riedl) comb.ined.
Distribution: Afghanistan (Herat, Kandahar, Orozgan / Daykundi)
34 AFG
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum multicaule (Rech.f. & Riedl) Greuter & Stier; Biodivers. Data J. 3 (e4831): 19 (2015)
= Mattiastrum multicaule Rech.f. & Riedl; Biol. Skr. 13(4) [Symb. Afghan. 5]: 216 (1963)
species :
Paracaryum nebulicola
(R.R.Mill) comb.ined.
Distribution: Oman
35 OMA
Synonyms: hidden
= Adelocaryum nebulicola R.R.Mill; Edinburgh J. Bot. 67(1): 148 (2010)
= Cynoglossum nebulicola (R.R.Mill) Greuter & Stier; Biodivers. Data J. 3(e4831): 19 (2015)
species :
Paracaryum nigrum
(Riedl) D.Heller; D. Heller & Heyn, Consp. Fl. Orient. 3: 94 (1986)
Distribution: Iran (S-Iran); Afghanistan (Parwan, Takhar)
34 AFG IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum nigrum (Riedl) Greuter & Stier; Biodivers. Data J. 3 (e4831): 19 (2015)
= Mattiastrum nigrum Riedl; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 48, 118 (1967)
species :
Paracaryum paphlagonicum
(Bornm.) R.R.Mill; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 35: 304 (1977)
Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Remarks: leptophyllum agg.
Conservation Status: IUCN R
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum paphlagonicum (Bornm.) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 11: 35 (1981)
= Mattiastrum paphlagonicum Bornm.; Magyar Bot. Lapok 30: 69 (1931)
species :
Paracaryum persicum
(Boiss.) Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 1, 11: 129 (1849)
Distribution: Iran (EC-Iran, E-Iran, S-Iran, SW-Iran)
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum persicum (Boiss.) Greuter & Stier; Biodivers. Data J. 3 (e4831): 20 (2015)
= Omphalodes persica Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: 30 (1849)
= Paracaryum persicum subsp. macrocarpum Riedl; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 48: 101 (1967)
= Paracaryum rugulosum var. longistylum Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 20(2): 191 (1906)
species :
Paracaryum platycalyx
Rech.f. & Riedl; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 110: 535 (1963)
Distribution: Iran (EC-Iran, SW-Iran); Afghanistan (Herat); Pakistan (Quetta)
34 AFG IRN 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum phardycalyx Greuter & Stier; Biodivers. Data J. 3 (e4831): 20 (2015), nom. nov.
= Paracaryum rugulosum var. platycalyx (Riedl) Y.J.Nasir; Fl. Pakistan 191: 167 (1989)
species :
Paracaryum polyanthum
(Rech.f. & Riedl) Khat.; Iran. J. Bot. 6(2): 230 (1994)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Bamyan, Ghazni, Wardak, Orozgan / Daykundi)
34 AFG
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum polyanthum (Rech.f. & Riedl) Greuter & Stier; Biodivers. Data J. 3 (e4831): 20 (2015)
= Mattiastrum polyanthum Rech.f. & Riedl; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 48, 123 (1967)
species :
Paracaryum polycarpum
(Rech.f.) R.R.Mill; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 35: 308 (1977)
Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Remarks: shepardii agg.
Conservation Status: IUCN R
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum polycarpum (Rech.f.) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 11: 36 (1981)
= Mattiastrum polycarpum Rech.f.; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 58: 51 (1951)
species :
Paracaryum pulumurense
(Dogru-Koca, Paksoy, Gökmen & Gülder.Yilmaz) comb.ined.
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Mattiastrum pulumurense Dogru-Koca, Paksoy, Gökmen & Gülder.Yilmaz; Turk. J. Bot. 48(4): 186 (2024)
species :
Paracaryum pygmaeum
(Rech.f.) D.Heller; Consp. Fl. Orient. 3: 95 (1986)
Distribution: Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran)
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum pygmaeum (Rech.f.) Greuter & Stier; Biodivers. Data J. 3 (e4831): 20 (2015)
= Mattiastrum pygmaeum Rech.f.; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 58: 52 (1951)
species :
Paracaryum racemosum
(Schreb.) Britten; J. Bot. 44: 343 (1906)
Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Remarks: racemosum agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum angustifolium Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 1(2): 763 (1798)
= Cynoglossum emarginatum Lam.; Tabl. Encycl. 1: 400 (1791)
= Cynoglossum racemosum Schreb.; Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 3: 475 (1767)
= Mattia angustifolia (Willd.) G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 310 (1837)
= Mattia emarginata (Lam.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 4: 83, 765 (1819)
= Mattiastrum racemosum (Schreb.) Brand; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 151 (1915)
= Mattiastrum scabridum Rech.f.; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 58: 51 (1951)
= Paracaryum angustifolium (Willd.) Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 11: 131 (1849)
= Paracaryum azureum Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 1, 11: 131 (1849)
= Paracaryum racemosum var. scabridum (Rech.f.) R.R.Mill; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 35: 304 (1977)
= Rindera angustifolia Bunge ex B.D.Jacks.; Index Kew. 2: 177 (1894)
= Rindera emarginata Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 4: 83 (1819), nom. inval.
species :
Paracaryum rechingeri
(Greuter & Stier) comb.ined.
Distribution: Afghanistan (Parwan)
34 AFG
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum rechingeri Greuter & Stier; Biodivers. Data J. 3 (e4831): 20 (2015), nom. nov.
= Mattiastrum formosum Rech.f. & Riedl; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 48, 119 (1967)
species :
Paracaryum reuteri
Boiss. & Hausskn.; Boiss., Pl. Orient. Nov. 2: 6 (1875)
Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Conservation Status: IUCN R
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum reuteri (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 11: 36 (1981)
= Mattiastrum reuteri (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Brand; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 155 (1915)
= Paracaryum reuteri var. leiocarpum Post; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 24: 436 (1888)
species :
Paracaryum rugulosum
(DC.) Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 1, 11: 129 (1849)
Distribution: Egypt (NE-Egypt); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia); Iraq (S-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan; Lebanon (Antilebanon); Syria (W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (Negev Desert, S-Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, S-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania); Pakistan (Quetta)
20 EGY 34 AFG IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR TUR 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum rugulosum (DC.) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 11: 36 (1981)
= Omphalodes myosotoides (Lehm.) Fresen.; Mus. Senckenberg. 1: 170 (1834)
= Omphalodes rugulosa DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 160 (1846)
= Paracaryum rubriflorum Stocks; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 4: 175 (1852)
= Paracaryum rugulosum var. brevistylum Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 20(2): 191 (1906)
species :
Paracaryum sessiliflorum
(Rech.f. & Riedl) comb.ined.
Distribution: Afghanistan (Ghazni)
34 AFG
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum sessiliflorum (Rech.f. & Riedl) Greuter & Stier; Biodivers. Data J. 3 (e4831): 21 (2015)
= Mattiastrum sessiliflorum Rech.f. & Riedl; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 48, 125 (1967)
species :
Paracaryum shepardii
Post & Beauverd; Dinsm., Pl. Post. et Dinsmorianae 1: 8 (1932)
Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Remarks: shepardii agg.
Conservation Status: IUCN R
Synonyms: hidden
= Mattiastrum shepardii (Post & Beauverd) Valdés; Willdenowia 41(2): 312 (2011)
= Cynoglossum shepardii (Post & Beauverd) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 11: 36 (1981)
species :
Paracaryum sintenisii
Hausskn. ex Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 20(2): 191 (1906)
Distribution: Azerbaijan; Turkey
33 AZE 34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum sintenisii (Hausskn. ex Bornm.) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 11: 36 (1981)
= Paracaryum sintenisii f. angustifolium Brand; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.252, Heft 78 (Borag.-Cynogloss.): 51 (1921)
= Paracaryum sintenisii f. latifolium Brand; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.252, Heft 78 (Borag.-Cynogloss.): 51 (1921)
species :
Paracaryum stenolophum
Boiss. & Balansa; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 2, 6: 124 (1859)
Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia)
34 TUR
Remarks: lithospermifolium agg.
Conservation Status: IUCN R
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum stenolophum (Boiss. & Balansa) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 11: 36 (1981)
= Mattiastrum stenolophum Brand; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 155 (1915)
species :
Paracaryum strictum
(C.Koch) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4(1): 256 (1875)
Distribution: Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Syria (C-Syrian Desert)
33 ARM AZE 34 IRN IRQ SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum myosotoides Aucher ex A.DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 159 (1846)
= Cynoglossum strictum (K.Koch) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 11: 36 (1981)
= Omphalodes stricta C.Koch; Linnaea 17: 302 (1843)
= Paracaryum undulatum Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 11: 129 (1849)
species :
Paracaryum subscaposum
(Rech.f. & Riedl) comb.ined.
Distribution: Afghanistan (Kabul)
34 AFG
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum subscaposum (Rech.f. & Riedl) Greuter & Stier; Biodivers. Data J. 3 (e4831): 21 (2015)
= Mattiastrum subscaposum Rech.f. & Riedl; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 48, 120 (1967)
species :
Paracaryum tenerum
Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 23, B: 175 (1915)
Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum tenerum (Bornm.) Greuter & Stier; Biodivers. Data J. 3 (e4831): 21 (2015)
species :
Paracaryum thomsonii
C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 4: 161 (1883)
Distribution: NW-India (Nubra, Jammu & Kashmir, Ladakh)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum thomsonii (C.B.Clarke) I.M.Johnst.; Contr. Gray Herb., Ser. 2, 73: 72 (1924)
= Mattiastrum thomsonii (C.B.Clarke) Kazmi; J. Arnold Arbor. 52(1): 130 (1971)
species :
Paracaryum trinervium
Duthie; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1912: 39 (1912)
Distribution: SW-Tibet; NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir)
36 TIB 40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Adelocaryum schlagintweitii Brand; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 548 (1915)
= Cynoglossum schlagintweitii (Brand) Kazmi; J. Arnold Arbor. 52(2): 352 (1971)
= Cynoglossum schlagintweitii (Brand) Riedl; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 119(1 - 3): 70 (1971), isonym
= Cynoglossum trinervium (Duthie) Greuter & Stier; Biodivers. Data J. 3 (e4831): 21 (2015)
= Mattiastrum trinervium (Duthie) Brand; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.252, Heft 78 (Borag.-Cynogloss.): 64 (1921)
species :
Paracaryum turcicum
(Hamzaoglu) comb.ined.
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Mattiastrum turcicum Hamzaoglu; Phytotaxa 568(2): 231 (2022)
species :
Paracaryum turcomanicum
Bornm. & Sint.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 420 (1912)
Distribution: Turkmenistan; Iran (NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran)
32 TKM 34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum turcomanicum (Bornm. & Sint.) Greuter & Stier; Biodivers. Data J. 3 (e4831): 21 (2015)
= Mattiastrum gorganicum Riedl; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 48: 1 1 1, t. 21 (1967)
= Mattiastrum gracile (Czerniak.) Czerep.; Sosud. Rast. S.S.S.R. 116 (1981)
= Mattiastrum turcomanicum (Bornm. & Sint.) Brand; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 155 (1915)
= Paracaryum gorganicum (Riedl) D.Heller; Consp. Fl. Orient. 3: 93 (1986)
= Paracaryum gracile Czerniak.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 27: 277 (1930)
