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Ver. 25.03
Mar. 6th, 2025

134.0000 Family Orchidaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 64 (1789), nom. cons.
over 800 genera, more than 30.000 spp. worldwide, mostly tropical
Species listed in database: 30538; hybrids: 1461
= Apostasiaceae Lindl.; Nix. Pl. 22 (1833), nom. cons.
= Cypripediaceae Lindl.; Nix. Pl. 22 (1833)
= Limodoraceae Horan.; Char. Ess. Fam. 44 (1847)
= Liparidaceae Vines; Stud. Text-book Bot. 2: 567 (1895)
= Neottiaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat. 50 (1834)
= Neuwiediaceae R.Dahlgren ex Reveal & Hoogland; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia, Sér. 4, 13: 91 (1991)
= Ophrydaceae Vines; Stud. Text-book Bot. 2: 566 (1895)
= Pycnanthaceae Ravenna; Onira 12(6): 29 (2011)
= Vanillaceae Lindl.; Key Bot. 73 (1835)
134.4282 Genus Holothrix Rich.; Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 4: 55 (1818), et ex Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 257, 283 (1835)
Distribution: Tropical and South Africa (32), Arabian Peninsula
Species listed in database: 47
= Bartholina R.Br.; Hort. Kew., ed. 2 [W.T.Aiton] 5: 194 (1813), nom. rej. prop.
= Bucculina Lindl.; Compan. Bot. Mag. 2: 209 (1836)
= Deroemera Rchb.f.; De Pollin. Orchid. 29 (1852)
= Lathrisia Sw.; Annot. Bot. 48 (1829)
= Monotris Lindl.; Edwards´s Bot. Reg. sub t. 1701 (1835)
= Saccidium Lindl.; Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 301 (1835)
= Scopularia Lindl.; Edwards´s Bot. Reg. sub t. 1701 (1835)
= Tryphia Lindl.; Edwards´s Bot. Reg. sub t. 1701 (1835)
species :
Holothrix aphylla (Forssk.) Rchb.f.; Otia Bot. Hamburg. 119 (1878)
Distribution: Nigeria; Cameroon; ?Congo [Brazzaville]; E-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Uganda; Kenya; Yemen
22 NGA 23 BUR CMN RWA ZAI 24 ERI ETH 25 KEN UGA 35 YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Deroemera acuminata Rendle & Schltr.; J. 33: 277 (Deroemera) (1895)
= Deroemera aphylla (Forssk.) Schltr. & Rendle; J. Bot. 33: 277 (1895)
= Deroemera calva (Kraenzl.) Schltr.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 53: 486 (1915)
= Deroemera ledermannii (Kraenzl.) Schltr.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 53: 486 (1915)
= Habenaria aphylla (Forssk.) R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 312 (1810)
= Habenaria aphylla (Forssk.) R.Br. ex Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 690 (1826)
= Holothrix calva Kraenzl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 386 (1912)
= Holothrix ledermannii Kraenzl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 385 (1912)
= Orchis aphylla Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 156 (1775)
= Platanthera aphylla (Forssk.) Lindl.; Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. (1835)
species :
Holothrix arachnoidea (A.Rich.) Rchb.f.; Otia Bot. Hamburg. 107 (1878)
Distribution: Sudan; Ethiopia; Djibouti; N-Somalia; Kenya; SW-Saudi Arabia; Yemen
24 DJI ETH SOM SUD 25 KEN 35 SAU YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Holothrix arachnoidea (A.Rich.) T.Durand & Schinz; Consp. Fl. Afr. [Durand & Schinz] 5: 69 (1892), isonym
= Holothrix richardii Rolfe; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 7: 191 (1897), nom. illeg.
= Holothrix vatkeana Rchb.f.; J. Bot. 14: 346 (1876)
= Peristylus arachnoideus A.Rich.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 2, 14: 267 (1840)
= Platanthera arachnoidea (A.Rich.) Engl.; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1891: 179 (1891 publ. 1892)
species :
Holothrix aspera (Lindl.) Rchb.f.; Otia Bot. Hamburg. 119 (1878)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov., N-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Bucculina aspera Lindl.; Compan. Bot. Mag. 2: 209 (1836)
= Holothrix confusa Rolfe; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 5(3): 105 (1912)
species :
Holothrix brevipetala Immelman & Schelpe; Bothalia 13 (3­4): 455 (1981)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
species :
Holothrix brongniartiana Rchb.f.; Otia Bot. Hamburg. 107 (1878)
Distribution: South Sudan; Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi
24 ETH SSU 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 MLW ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Holothrix puberula Rendle; J. Bot. 33: 278 (1895)
= Holothrix plowdenii Kraenzl.; [nom. ined.]
species :
Holothrix buchananii Schltr.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 447 (1898), et Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 26: 330 (1899)
Distribution: S-Tanzania; Malawi
25 TAN 26 MLW
species :
Holothrix burchellii (Lindl.) Rchb.f.; Otia Bot. Hamburg. 119 (1878)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Scopularia burchelli Lindl.; Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 304 (1835)
species :
Holothrix burmanniana (L.) Le Péchon & Bytebier; Phytotaxa 494(2): 250 (2021)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Arethusa burmanni L. ex Jackson; Index Linn. Herb. 37 (1912)
= Arethusa ciliaris L.f.; Suppl. Pl. [Linnaeus f.] 405 (1782), nom. superfl.
= Bartholina burmanniana (L.) Ker Gawl.; Brand. J. Sci. 4: 204, t. 5 (1818)
= Bartholina lindleyana Rchb.f.; Otia Bot. Hamburg. 119 (1878)
= Bartholina lindleyana Rchb.f. ex Rolfe; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 5(3): 95 (1912), descr.
= Bartholina pectinata (Thunb.) R.Br.; Hort. Kew., ed. 2 [W.T.Aiton] 5: 194 (1813)
= Habenaria burmanniana (L.) R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 690 (1810), comb. not made.
= Lathrisia pectinata (Thunb.) Sw.; Annot. Bot. 48 (1829)
= Orchis burmanniana (L.) Sw.; Beitr. Naturk. [Weber & Mohr] 1: 55 (1804)
= Orchis burmanniana L.; Pl. Rar. Afr. 26 (1760), Amoen. Acad. 6: 108
= Orchis pectinata Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 4 (1794), nom. illeg.
species :
Holothrix cernua (Burm.f.) Schelpe; Orchid Rev. 74: 394 (1966)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Habenaria hispida (Thunb.) A.Spreng.; Tent. Suppl. 27 (1828)
= Holothrix gracilis Lindl.; Compan. Bot. Mag. 2: 207 (1836)
= Holothrix harveyana Lindl.; Compan. Bot. Mag. 2: 206 (1837)
= Holothrix hispidula (L.f.) T.Durand & Schinz; Consp. Fl. Afr. [Durand & Schinz] 70 (1894)
= Holothrix lindleyana Rchb.f.; Otia Bot. Hamburg. 119 (1878)
= Holothrix squamulosa Lindl.; Compan. Bot. Mag. 2: 206 (1836)
= Holothrix squamulosa var. glabrata Bolus; Icon. Orchid. Austro-Afric. 3: t. 18 (1913)
= Holothrix squamulosa var. hirsuta Bolus; Trans. S. African Philos. Soc. 5(1): 114 (1888)
= Holothrix squamulosa var. scabra Bolus; Trans. S. African Philos. Soc. 5(1): 114 (1888)
= Monotris secunda Lindl.; Edwards´s Bot. Reg. sub t. 1701 (1835) [non Orchis secunda Thunb.]
= Orchis cernua Burm.f.; Fl. Ind. [N.L.Burman] Prodr. Fl. Cap. 30 (err. typ. 26) (1768)
= Orchis hispida Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 4 (1794), nom. illeg.
= Orchis hispidula L.f.; Suppl. Pl. [Linnaeus f.] 401 (1782)
= Tryphia nivea Zeyh. ex Harv.; Gen. S. Afr. Pl. 323 (1838)
species :
Holothrix condensata Sond.; Linnaea 19: 76 (1847)
Distribution: South Africa (Northern Provinces, Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Holothrix lithophila Schltr.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 446 (1898), et Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 26: 331 (1899)
= Holothrix villosa var. condensata (Sond.) Immelman; Bothalia 13 (3­4): 456 (1981)
species :
Holothrix culveri (Schltr.) Bolus; Trans. S. African Philos. Soc. 16: 147 (1905)
Distribution: South Africa (E-Northern Provinces, Barberton)
27 SAF
Conservation Status: Known only from type
Synonyms: hidden
= Deroemera culveri (Bolus) Schltr.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 38: 144 (1906)
= Holothrix culveri var. integra Bolus; Trans. S. African Philos. Soc. 16: 148 (1905)
species :
Holothrix elgonensis Summerh.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 507 (1932)
Distribution: E-Uganda; NW-Kenya
25 KEN UGA
species :
Holothrix etheliae (Bolus) Le Péchon & Bytebier; Phytotaxa 494(2): 250 (2021)
Distribution: S-Namibia; South Africa (W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov., N-Cape Prov.)
27 NAM SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Bartholina etheliae Bolus; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 20: 472 (1884)
species :
Holothrix exilis Lindl.; Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 283 (1835)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Holothrix brachylabris Sond.; Linnaea 19: 78 (1846)
= Holothrix exilis var. brachylabris (Sond.) Bolus; Icon. Orchid. Austro-Afric. 1: t. 14 (1896)
species :
Holothrix filicornis Immelman & Schelpe; Bothalia 13 (3­4): 455 (1981)
Distribution: S-Namibia; South Africa (N-Cape Prov.)
27 NAM SAF
species :
Holothrix grandiflora (Sond.) Rchb.f.; Otia Bot. Hamburg. 119 (1878)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Scopularia grandiflora Sond.; Linnaea 19: 79 (1847)
species :
Holothrix hydra P.J.Cribb; Kew Bull. 34(2): 321 (1979)
Distribution: S-Tanzania
25 TAN
species :
Holothrix incurva Lindl.; Compan. Bot. Mag. 2: 207 (1836)
Distribution: South Africa (SE-Free State, W-KwaZulu-Natal); Lesotho
27 LES SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Holothrix rupicola Schltr.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 24: 419 (1897)
species :
Holothrix johnstonii Rolfe; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 47 (1896)
Distribution: S-Malawi
26 MLW
species :
Holothrix klimkoana Szlach. & Marg.; Candollea 61(2): 468 (2006)
Distribution: +SW-Angola
26 ANG
Remarks: known only from type collected in 1928
species :
Holothrix longicornu G.J.Lewis; J. S. African Bot. 4: 53 (1938)
Distribution: South Africa (E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
species :
Holothrix longiflora Rolfe; Bol. Soc. Brot. 7: 237 (1889)
Distribution: S-Tanzania; SW-Angola; Zambia; Malawi; N-Mozambique
25 TAN 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Holothrix lastii Rolfe; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 7: 195 (1897)
= Holothrix medusa Kraenzl.; Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 1: 154 (1897)
species :
Holothrix macowaniana Rchb.f.; Otia Bot. Hamburg. 108 (1878)
Distribution: E-Zimbabwe; South Africa (E-Cape Prov.)
26 ZIM 27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Tryphia macowaniana (Rchb.f.) Rchb.f.; Otia Bot. Hamburg. 108 (1881)
species :
Holothrix majubensis C.Archer & R.H.Archer; S. African J. Bot. 62: 209 (1996)
Distribution: South Africa (S-Northern Provinces)
27 SAF
Conservation Status: IUCN I
species :
Holothrix micrantha Schltr.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 20: Beibl. No. 50 31 (1895)
Distribution: E-Zimbabwe; South Africa (Mpulamanga)
26 ZIM 27 SAF
species :
Holothrix mundii Sond.; Linnaea 19: 77 (1846)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
species :
Holothrix nyasae Rolfe; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 7: 193 (1897)
Distribution: S-Tanzania; ?NE-Zambia; NW-Mozambique
25 TAN 26 MOZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Holothrix nyasae var. blepharodactyla Schltr.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 53: 487 (1915)
species :
Holothrix orthoceras (Harv.) Rchb.f.; Otia Bot. Hamburg. 119 (1878)
Distribution: ?E-Zambia; S-Malawi; E-Zimbabwe; South Africa (Northern Provinces, Natal, E-Cape Prov., E-Free State); NE-Lesotho
26 MLW ZIM 27 LES SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Tryphia orthoceras Harv.; Thes. Cap. 2: 4 (1863)
species :
Holothrix papillosa Summerh.; Kew Bull. 14: 128 (1960)
Distribution: SE-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; S-Tanzania; N-Zambia; Malawi
23 ZAI 25 TAN 26 MLW ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Holothrix brachycheira Summerh.; Kew Bull. 14: 127 (1960)
species :
Holothrix parviflora (Lindl.) Rchb.f.; Otia Bot. Hamburg. 119 (1878)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov., SW-KwaZulu-Natal)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Holothrix lindleyana var. parviflora (Lindl.) Rolfe; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 5(3): 106 (1912)
= Holothrix parvifolia Lindl.; Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 283 (1835)
= Tryphia parviflora (Lindl.) Lindl.; Compan. Bot. Mag. 2: 209 (1836)
= Tryphia secunda Lindl.; Edwards´s Bot. Reg. sub t. 1701 (1835) [non Orchis secunda Thunb.]
species :
Holothrix pentadactyla (Summerh.) Summerh.; Kew Bull. 14: 129 (1960)
Distribution: W-Kenya
25 KEN
Conservation Status: IUCN E
Synonyms: hidden
= Deroemera pentadactyla Summerh.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 418 (1927)
species :
Holothrix pilosa (Burch. ex Lindl.) Rchb.f.; Otia Bot. Hamburg. 119 (1881)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Conservation Status: IUCN I
Synonyms: hidden
= Saccidium pilosum Lindl.; Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 301 (1835)
species :
Holothrix pleistodactyla Kraenzl.; Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C: 151 (1895), et Bot. Jahrb. 22: 17 (1895)
Distribution: N-Tanzania; N-Malawi
25 TAN 26 MLW
Conservation Status: IUCN I
Synonyms: hidden
= Holothrix rorida G.Will.; Kirkia 13(2): 245 (1990)
species :
Holothrix praecox Rchb.f.; Otia Bot. Hamburg. 2: 108 (1878)
Distribution: N-Ethiopia
24 ETH
Synonyms: hidden
= Deroemera praecox (Rchb.f.) Rendle & Schltr. ex Rolfe; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 7: 197 (1898)
species :
Holothrix randii Rendle; J. Bot. 37: 208 (1899)
Distribution: W-Kenya; N-Tanzania; Zimbabwe; South Africa (Mpulamanga)
25 KEN TAN 26 ZIM 27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Holothrix reckii Bolus; Orchids S. Africa 3, t. 21 (1913)
species :
Holothrix schimperi Rchb.f.; Otia Bot. Hamburg.108 (1881)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Kenya
24 ETH 25 KEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Deroemera schimperi (Rchb.f.) Rolfe; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 7: 197 (1898)
species :
Holothrix schlechteriana Kraenzl. ex Schltr.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 21 (1899), et Orch. Gen. & Sp. 1: 588 (1900)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov., N-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
species :
Holothrix scopularia (Lindl.) Rchb.f.; Otia Bot. Hamburg. 119 (1878)
Distribution: South Africa (Northern Provinces, Free State, Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho
27 LES SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Holothrix multisecta Bolus; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 25: 170 (1889)
species :
Holothrix secunda (Thunb.) Rchb.f.; Otia Bot. Hamburg. 119 (1878)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov., N-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Habenaria secunda (Thunb.) R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 312 (1810)
= Holothrix monotris Rchb.f.; Otia Bot. Hamburg. 119 (1878)
= Orchis secunda Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 4 (1794)
= Scopularia secunda (Thunb.) Lindl.; Compan. Bot. Mag. 2: 207 (1836)
= Tryphia major Sond.; Linnaea 19: 82 (1847)
= Tryphia secunda (Thunb.) Lindl.; Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 258 (1835)
species :
Holothrix socotrana Rolfe; H. O. Forbes, Nat. Hist. Sokotra, 507 (1903)
Distribution: Soqotra
24 SOC
Conservation Status: IUCN I
species :
Holothrix squammata (A.Rich.) Rchb.f.; Otia Bot. Hamburg. 2: 119 (1878)
Distribution: South Sudan; Ethiopia; S-Uganda
24 ETH SSU 25 UGA
Synonyms: hidden
= Deroemera squammata (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Rchb.f.; De Pollin. Orchid. 29 (1852)
= Peristylus squammatus Hochst. ex A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 289 (1851)
= Spiranthes abyssinica Hochst. ex A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 289 (1851)
species :
Holothrix thodei Rolfe; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 5(3): 100 (1912)
Distribution: South Africa (SE-Free State, W-KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho
27 LES SAF
species :
Holothrix tridactylites Summerh.; Kew Bull. 16: 253 (1962)
Distribution: Cameroon; S-Tanzania; NE-Zambia; N-Malawi
23 CMN 25 TAN 26 MLW ZAM
species :
Holothrix tridentata (Hook.f.) Rchb.f.; Otia Bot. Hamburg. 119 (1878)
Distribution: W-Cameroon; South Sudan; Ethiopia
23 CMN 24 ETH SSU
Synonyms: hidden
= Holothrix platydactyla Kraenzl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 17: 66 (1893)
= Peristylus tridentatus Hook.f.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 7: 221 (1864)
= Platanthera tridentata (Hook.f.) Engl.; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1891: 179 (1892)
species :
Holothrix triloba (Rolfe) Kraenzl.; Orchid. Gen. Sp. 1: 938 (1898)
Distribution: S-Tanzania
25 TAN
Conservation Status: IUCN I
Synonyms: hidden
= Deroemera triloba Rolfe; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 7: 197 (1897)
species :
Holothrix unifolia (Rchb.f.) Rchb.f.; Otia Bot. Hamburg. 2: 119 (1878)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
Synonyms: hidden
= Deroemera montigena (Ridl.) Rolfe; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 7: 196 (1897)
= Deroemera unifolia (Rchb.f.) Rchb.f.; Bonplandia (Hannover) 3: 213 (1855)
= Holothrix montigena Ridl.; J. Bot. 24: 295 (1886)
= Peristylus unifolius (Rchb.f.) Hochst. ex Rchb.f.; Bonplandia (Hannover) 3: 213 (1855)
species :
Holothrix villosa Lindl.; Compan. Bot. Mag. 2: 207 (1836)
Distribution: E-Zimbabwe; Namibia; South Africa (W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov., N-Cape Prov.); La Réunion
26 ZIM 27 NAM SAF 29 REU
Synonyms: hidden
= Holothrix villosa subsp. chimanimaniensis G.Will.; Kirkia 13(2): 247 (1990)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.03 (March 6th, 2025)

Covering 356,112 accepted species,
8,776 hybrids, 48,085 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,454 synonyms,
in total 1,415,427* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life