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Ver. 25.03
Mar. 6th, 2025

491.0000 Family Rubiaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 196 (1789), nom. cons.
589 genera, ca. 14.200 spp. mostly tropics, comparably few temperate. Phylogeny: Razafimandimbison & Rydin (2024)
Species listed in database: 14268; hybrids: 48
= Aparinaceae Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 2: 3, 38 (1813-1829)
= Asperulaceae Cham. ex Spenn.; Handb. Angew. Bot. 2: 493 (1835)
= Catesbaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 111 (1820)
= Cephalanthaceae Raf.; Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 6: 86 (1820)
= Cinchonaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 234 (1802)
= Coffeaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 233 (1802)
= Coutareaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 168 (1820)
= Dialypetalanthaceae Rizzini & Occhioni; Lilloa 17: 253 (1948), nom. cons.
= Galiaceae Lindl.; Intr. Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2: 249 (1836)
= Gardeniaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 29, 32 (1829)
= Guettardaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 235 (1802)
= Hameliaceae Mart.; Consp. Regn. Veg. [Martius] 31 (1835)
= Hedyotidaceae Dumort.; Commentat. Bot. [Dumortier] 57 (1822)
= Henriqueziaceae Bremek.; Acta Bot. Néerl. 6 (Meded. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijks Univ. Utrecht 141): 371 (1957)
= Houstoniaceae Raf.; Good Book 21 (1840)
= Hydrophylacaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 318 (1820)
= Lippayaceae Meisn.; Pl. Vasc. Gen. [Meisner], Tab. Diagn. 156, Comm. 112 (1838)
= Lygodisodeaceae Bartl.; Ord. Nat. Pl. 123, 207 (1830)
= Naucleaceae Wernham; New Phytol. 11: 225 (1912)
= Nonateliaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 420 (1820)
= Operculariaceae Juss. ex Perleb; Vers. Arzneikr. Pfl. 207 (1818)
= Pagamaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 447 (1820)
= Psychotriaceae F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg. 49 (1830)
= Randiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 534 (1820)
= Sabiceaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 555 (1820)
= Spermacoceaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 256 (1820)
= Theligonaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 15, 17 (1829), nom. cons.
491.4037 Genus Hexaphylla (Klokov) P.Caputo & Del Guacchio; Pl. Biosystems 154(5): 778 (2020)
Distribution: SE-Europe, 1 Crimea and Caucasus, few North Africa
Species listed in database: 12
species :
Hexaphylla allionii P.Caputo & Del Guacchio; Pl. Biosystems 154(5): 778 (2020)
Distribution: SE-France; NW-Italy (SW-Alps)
12 FRA 13 ITA
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula hexaphylla All.; Fl. Pedem. 1: 12 (1785)
= Asperula allionii Baumg.; Enum. Stirp. Transsilv. 1: 80 (1816)
species :
Hexaphylla arcadiensis (Sims) P.Caputo & Del Guacchio; Pl. Biosystems 154(5): 778 (2020)
Distribution: S-Greece (N-Peloponnisos, Mt. Parnonas)
13 GRC
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula arcadiensis Sims; Bot. Mag. 47: t. 2146 (1820)
= Asperula mollis Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 3: 31 (1843)
species :
Hexaphylla capitata (Kit. ex Schult.) P.Caputo & Del Guacchio; Pl. Biosystems 154(5): 778 (2020)
Distribution: Romania; C-Bulgaria
13 BUL ROM
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula capitata Kit. ex Schult.; Oesterr. Fl., ed. 2, 1: 312 (1814)
= Asperula hexaphylla subsp. capitata (Kit. ex Schult.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 333 (1879)
= Asperula umbellata Willd. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 586 (1830)
= Galium capitatum (Kit. ex Rchb.f.) F.Herm.; Fl. N. Mitteleur. 941 (1956)
species :
Hexaphylla cretacea (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) P.Caputo & Del Guacchio; Pl. Biosystems 154(5): 778 (2020)
Distribution: Crimea; Northern Caucasus
14 KRY 33 NCS
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula cretacea Willd.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 529 (1818)
= Asperula hexaphylla Georgi; Beschr. Nation. Russ. Reich. 3(4): 728 (1800), nom. illeg.
= Asperula infracta Klokov; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 23: 70 (1958)
= Asperula taurica Pacz.; Descr. pl. gubern. Cherson. (1889) 20, et in Act. Hort. Petrop. 13: 300 (1894)
= Asperula tauroscythica Klokov; Fl. URSR 10: 458 (1961)
species :
Hexaphylla cyrenaica (E.A.Durand & Barratte) P.Caputo & Del Guacchio; Pl. Biosystems 154(5): 778 (2020)
Distribution: Libya
20 LBY
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula cyrenaica (E.A.Durand & Barratte) Pamp.; Arch. Bot. (Forlì) 12 (n. s. 2): 44 (1936)
= Asperula hirsuta var. cyrenaica E.A.Durand & Barratte; Fl. Libyc. Prodr. 116 (1910)
species :
Hexaphylla doerfleri (Wettst.) P.Caputo & Del Guacchio; Pl. Biosystems 154(5): 779 (2020)
Distribution: Montenegro (Crna Gora); Serbia; N-Albania; NW-Greece (Mt. Grammos)
13 ALB GRC MNT SRB
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula doerfleri Wettst.; Biblioth. Bot. 26: 59 (1892)
= Asperula doerfleri f. hirtifolia (Hayek) Gajic; Fl. Srbije 5: 471 (1973)
= Asperula doerfleri var. hirtifolia Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30(2) [Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balcan. 2]: 444 (1930)
species :
Hexaphylla hercegovina (Degen) P.Caputo & Del Guacchio; Pl. Biosystems 154(5): 779 (2020)
Distribution: Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; North Macedonia
13 BIH CRO NMA
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula hercegovina Degen; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 40: 15 (1890)
= Asperula pilosa Degen; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 40: 15 (1890)
= Asperula capitata subsp. hercegovina (Degen) Hayek; (1930)
species :
Hexaphylla hirsuta (Desf.) P.Caputo & Del Guacchio; Pl. Biosystems 154(5): 779 (2020)
Distribution: S-Portugal; S-Spain; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya
12 POR SPA 20 ALG LBY MOR TUN
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula algerica Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 124 (1805)
= Asperula denudata Vahl ex Willk. & Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 301 (1868)
= Asperula hirsuta Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 1: 127 (1798)
= Asperula hirsuta f. glabrata (Pau) Cuatrec.; Treb. Mus. Ci. Nat. Barcelona, Sér. Bot. 5(7): 41 (1926)
= Asperula hirsuta f. glabrescens Pau & Font Quer
= Asperula hirsuta f. leptophylla M.Vidal ex Ortega Oliv. & Devesa; Lagascalia 24: 113 (2004)
= Asperula hirsuta f. persquarrosa Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 3: 709 (1934)
= Asperula hirsuta unranked glabrescens Pau & Font Quer
= Asperula hirsuta var. baetica Sennen; Diagn. Nouv. 265 (1936)
= Asperula hirsuta var. breviflora Batt.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 31: 364 (1884)
= Asperula hirsuta var. denudata (Vahl ex Willk. & Lange) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 334 (1879)
= Asperula hirsuta var. longiflora Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 3: 709 (1934)
= Asperula hirsuta var. prostrata Maire, Weiller & Wilczek; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 29: 422 (1938)
= Asperula hirsuta var. repens Samp.; Fl. Portugal, ed. 2, Pires de Lima 539 (1947)
= Asperula hirsuta var. riphaea Ortega Oliv. & Devesa; Lagascalia 24: 114 (2004)
= Asperula hirsuta var. squarrosq Sennen & Maire; Diagn. Nouv. 107 (1936)
= Asperula hirsuta var. villosissima Jahand., Maire & Weiller; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 22: 51 (1931)
= Asperula repens Brot.; Fl. Lusit. 1: 152 (1804)
= Asperula repens f. denudata Vahl ex Cuatrec.; Treb. Mus. Ci. Nat. Barcelona, Sér. Bot. 12: 433 (1929)
= Asperula repens f. glabrata Cuatrec.; Treb. Mus. Ci. Nat. Barcelona, Sér. Bot. 12: 433 (1929), nomen
= Asperula repens f. hirsuta Cuatrec.; Treb. Mus. Ci. Nat. Barcelona, Sér. Bot. 12: 433 (1929)
= Asperula repens var. glabrata Pau; Treb. Inst. Bot. Barcelona 1916: 211 (1916)
species :
Hexaphylla hirta (Ramond) P.Caputo & Del Guacchio; Pl. Biosystems 154(5): 779 (2020)
Distribution: NE-Spain (C- & W-Pyrenees); SW-France
12 FRA SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula hirta Ramond; Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris 2: 131 (1800)
= Asperula hirta var. condensata Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 301 (1868)
= Asperula hirta var. laxa Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 301 (1868)
species :
Hexaphylla pubescens (Willd.) P.Caputo & Del Guacchio; Pl. Biosystems 154(5): 779 (2020)
Distribution: Crete (fairly widespread)
13 KRI
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula incana Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. [Sibthorp] 1: 88 (1806)
= Asperula pubescens (Willd.) Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.; Mountain Fl. Greece [Strid] 2: 295 (1991)
= Crucianella pubescens Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 1: 602 (1798)
species :
Hexaphylla rupestris (Tineo) P.Caputo & Del Guacchio; Pl. Biosystems 154(5): 779 (2020)
Distribution: NW- & SE-Sicily (incl. Isole Egadi)
13 SIC
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula hirsuta subsp. rupestris (Tineo) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 334 (1879)
= Asperula rupestris Tineo; Cat. Pl. Hort. Panorm. 276 (1827)
species :
Hexaphylla taygetea (Boiss. & Heldr.) P.Caputo & Del Guacchio; Pl. Biosystems 154(5): 779 (2020)
Distribution: S-Greece (S-Peloponnisos, Kithira, Andikithira); Crete (NW-Crete, Lefka Ori)
13 GRC KRI
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula incana Bory & Chaub.; Nouv. Fl. Pélop. 10 (1838), nom. illeg.
= Asperula taygetea Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 2(10): 60 (1849)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.03 (March 6th, 2025)

Covering 356,112 accepted species,
8,776 hybrids, 48,085 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,454 synonyms,
in total 1,415,427* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life