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Ver. 25.03
Mar. 6th, 2025

134.0000 Family Orchidaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 64 (1789), nom. cons.
over 800 genera, more than 30.000 spp. worldwide, mostly tropical
Species listed in database: 30538; hybrids: 1461
= Apostasiaceae Lindl.; Nix. Pl. 22 (1833), nom. cons.
= Cypripediaceae Lindl.; Nix. Pl. 22 (1833)
= Limodoraceae Horan.; Char. Ess. Fam. 44 (1847)
= Liparidaceae Vines; Stud. Text-book Bot. 2: 567 (1895)
= Neottiaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat. 50 (1834)
= Neuwiediaceae R.Dahlgren ex Reveal & Hoogland; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia, Sér. 4, 13: 91 (1991)
= Ophrydaceae Vines; Stud. Text-book Bot. 2: 566 (1895)
= Pycnanthaceae Ravenna; Onira 12(6): 29 (2011)
= Vanillaceae Lindl.; Key Bot. 73 (1835)
134.4341 Genus Hemipilia Lindl.; Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 296 (1835)
Distribution: E-Europe (1) through temperate Asia, few S-Himalaya.
Species listed in database: 76; hybrids: 2
= Amitostigma Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 4: 91 (1919)
= Apetalanthe Aver. & Vuong; Taiwania 65(4): 479 (2020)
= Chusua Nevski; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 4: 670, 753 (1935) (fide Fl. of China)
= Hemipilia sect.Neottianthe (Schltr.) Y.Tang & H.Peng; BioMed Centr. Evol. Biol. 15(96): 27 (2015)
= Hemipilia sect.Ponerorchis (Rchb.f.) Y.Tang & H.Peng; BioMed Centr. Evol. Biol. 15(96): 25 (2015)
= Hemipilia sect.Tsaiorchis (Tang & F.T.Wang) Y.Tang & H.Peng; BioMed Centr. Evol. Biol. 15(96): 25 (2015)
= Hemipiliopsis Y.B.Luo & S.C.Chen; Novon 13(4): 450 (5 Dec. 2003)
= Mitostigma Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 189 (1856)
= Neottianthe (Rchb.) Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 290 (1919)
= Phaniasia Blume ex Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 206 (1866)
= Ponerorchis Rchb.f.; Linnaea 25: 227 (1852)
= Shizhenia X.H.Jin, Lu Q.Huang, W.T.Jin & X.G.Xiang; Biodivers. Sci. 23(2): 240 (2015)
= Symphyosepalum Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7: 1327 (1936)
= Tsaiorchis Tang & F.T.Wang; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 7: 131 (1936)
species :
Hemipilia alpestris (Fukuy.) Y.Tang & H.Peng; BioMed Centr. Evol. Biol. 15(96): 27 (2015)
Distribution: Taiwan (Nantou, Taizhong, Yilan)
38 TAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Amitostigma alpestre Fukuy.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 49: 664 (1935)
= Orchis alpestris (Fukuy.) S.S.Ying; Quart. J. Chin. Forest. 8: 140 (1975), nom. illeg.
= Ponerorchis alpestris (Fukuy.) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 77: 51 (2014)
species :
Hemipilia amplexifolia (Tang & F.T.Wang) Y.Tang & H.Peng; BioMed Centr. Evol. Biol. 15(96): 26 (2015)
Distribution: China (W-Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Amitostigma amplexifolium Tang & F.T.Wang; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 7: 3 (1936)
= Ponerorchis amplexifolia (Tang & F.T.Wang) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 77: 51 (2014)
species :
Hemipilia avisoides Y.Tang, X.M.Wang & H.Peng; PhytoKeys 213: 5, figs. 1-6 (2022)
Distribution: China (Sichuan)
36 CHI
species :
Hemipilia basifoliata (Finet) Y.Tang & H.Peng; BioMed Centr. Evol. Biol. 15(96): 26 (2015)
Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, NE- to NW-Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Amitostigma basifoliatum (Finet) Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 4: 92 (1919)
= Orchis basifoliata (Finet) Schltr.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 5: 95 (1912)
= Peristylus tetralobus f. basifoliatus Finet; Rev. Gén. Bot. 13: 525 (1902)
= Ponerorchis basifoliata (Finet) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 77: 51 (2014)
species :
Hemipilia bidupense Aver.; Lindleyana 14(4): 222 (1999)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Amitostigma bidupense (Aver.) Aver.; Turczaninowia 13(2): 19 (2010)
= Ponerorchis bidupensis (Aver.) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 77: 51 (2014)
species :
Hemipilia bifoliata (Tang & F.T.Wang) Y.Tang & H.Peng; BioMed Centr. Evol. Biol. 15(96): 28 (2015)
Distribution: China (S-Gansu, N-Sichuan: Pingwu Xian)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Amitostigma bifoliatum Tang & F.T.Wang; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 7: 127 (1936)
= Ponerorchis bifoliata (Tang & F.T.Wang) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 77: 51 (2014)
species :
Hemipilia brevicalcarata Finet; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 44: 420 (1897)
Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Chusua brevicalcarata (Finet) P.F.Hunt; Kew Bull. 26(1): 173 (1971)
= Gymnadenia brevicalcarata (Finet) Finet; (1901)
= Orchis brevicalcarata (Finet) Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 4: 87 (1919)
= Ponerorchis brevicalcarata (Finet) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 12: 353 (1966)
species :
Hemipilia calcicola (W.W.Sm.) Y.Tang & H.Peng; BioMed Centr. Evol. Biol. 15(96): 28 (2015)
Distribution: China (SE-Gansu, NE-Guizhou, S-Qinghai, S- & W-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); E-Tibet; S-Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Sikkim, Uttarakhand)
36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP
Synonyms: hidden
= Gymnadenia calcicola W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 8(38): 188-189 (1914)
= Neottianthe calcicola (W.W.Sm.) Schltr.; Acta Horti Gothob. 1: 136 (1924)
= Neottianthe camptoceras var. calcicola (W.W.Sm.) Soó; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 26: 353 (1929)
= Neottianthe cucullata var. calcicola (W.W.Sm.) Soó; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 26: 353 (1929)
= Neottianthe gymnadenioides (Hand.-Mazz.) K.Y.Lang & S.C.Chen; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 35(6): 541 (1997)
= Ponerorchis cucullata var. calcicola (W.W.Sm.) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 77: 51 (2014)
= Symphyosepalum gymnadenioides Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7: 1328, f. 41, 3-6 (1936)
species :
Hemipilia calophylla C.S.P.Parish & Rchb.f.; J. Bot. 12: 197 (1874)
Distribution: China (Yunnan); Myanmar (Kachin, Mandalay, Mon, Taninthayi); Thailand; N-Vietnam
36 CHI 41 MYA THA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Galearis subrotunda (King & Pantl.) P.F.Hunt; Kew Bull. 26: 172 (1971)
= Hemipilia amethystina Rolfe ex Hook.f.; Bot. Mag. 123: t. 7521 (1897)
= Orchis subrotunda King & Pantl.; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 66: 600 (1897)
species :
Hemipilia camptoceras (Rolfe ex Hemsl.) Y.Tang & H.Peng; BioMed Centr. Evol. Biol. 15(96): 27 (2015)
Distribution: Kyrgyzstan; China (SW- & W-Sichuan); Mongolia
32 KGZ 36 CHI 37 MON
Synonyms: hidden
= Amitostigma potaninii f. macranthum K.V.Ivanova; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Acad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 12: 91 (1950)
= Amitostigma potaninii K.V.Ivanova; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Acad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 12: 91 (1950)
= Galearis constricta (L.O.Williams) P.F.Hunt; Kew Bull. 26: 171 (1971)
= Galeorchis constricta (L.O.Williams) Soó; Acta Biol. Acad. Sci. Hung. 12: 352 (1966)
= Gymnadenia camptoceras (Rolfe ex Hemsl.) Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 4: 104 (1919)
= Habenaria camptoceras Rolfe ex Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 29 (202): 319 (1892)
= Neottianthe camptoceras (Rolfe ex Hemsl.) Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16 (no. 24-25): 292 (1919)
= Orchis constricta L.O.Williams; Bot. Mus. Leafl. 5(9): 164 (1938)
= Ponerorchis camptoceras (Rolfe ex Hemsl.) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 77: 51 (2014)
species :
Hemipilia capitata (Tang & F.T.Wang) Y.Tang & H.Peng; BioMed Centr. Evol. Biol. 15(96): 26 (2015)
Distribution: China (W-Hubei, E- & W-Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Amitostigma capitatum Tang & F.T.Wang; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 7: 4 (1936)
= Ponerorchis capitata (Tang & F.T.Wang) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 77: 51 (2014)
species :
Hemipilia chidori (Makino) Y.Tang, H.Peng & T.Yukawa; BioMed Centr. Evol. Biol. 15(96): 25 (2015)
Distribution: Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku)
38 JAP
Remarks: circumscription disputed, H. curtipes and H. kurokamiana are frequently kept separate
Synonyms: hidden
= Amitostigma kurokamianum (Hatus. & Ohwi) Ohwi; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 33: 69 (1953)
= Chusua chidori (Makino) P.F.Hunt; Kew Bull. 26(1): 173 (1971)
= Chusua curtipes (Ohwi) P.F.Hunt; Kew Bull. 26(1): 174 (1971)
= Gymnadenia chidori (Makino) Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 15: 47 (1901)
= Habenaria chidori Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 6: 48 (1893)
= Orchis chidori (Makino) Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 4: 88 (1919)
= Orchis chidori var. curtipes (Ohwi) Ohwi; Fl. Jap., revised ed. [Ohwi] 1439 (1965)
= Orchis curtipes Ohwi; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo n. s. 1: No. 1 (No. 34) 1 (1954)
= Orchis graminifolia var. chidori (Soó) M.Hiroe; Orchid Flowers 2: 51 (1971)
= Orchis graminifolia var. kurokamiana (Hatus. & Ohwi) Ohwi; Fl. Jap., revised ed. [Ohwi] 1439 (1965)
= Orchis kurokamiana Ohwi & Hatus.; J. Jap. Bot. 19: 293 (1943)
= Orchis rupestris var. chidori (Makino) Soó; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 26: 347 (1929)
= Ponerorchis chidori (Makino) Ohwi; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 5: 145 (1936)
= Ponerorchis curtipes (Ohwi) J.M.H.Shaw; Orchid Rev., Suppl., 111 (1253): 78 (2003)
= Ponerorchis curtipes (Ohwi) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 12: 353 (1966), sine relat. loc.
= Ponerorchis graminifolia var. kurokamiana (Ohwi & Hatus.) T.Hashim.; Proc. 12th World Orchid Conf. 1987 (eds. K. Saito & R. Tanaka): 119 (1987)
= Ponerorchis kurokamiana (Hatus. & Ohwi) J.M.H.Shaw; Orchid Rev. 111: 78 (2003), isonym
= Ponerorchis kurokamiana (Ohwi & Hatus.) F.Maek.; Wild Orchids Japan 123 (1971)
species :
Hemipilia chusua (D.Don) Y.Tang & H.Peng; BioMed Centr. Evol. Biol. 15(96): 27 (2015)
Distribution: Siberia (Chita); Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Primorye); China (E-Gansu, Heilongjiang, Henan, SE- & W-Hubei, Jilin, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, E-Qinghai, S-Shaanxi, Sichuan, NE-Yunnan, NW-Yunnan); NW- & SE-Tibet; North Korea; Japan (Honshu); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Himachal Pradesh, Sik:kim, Uttarakhand, West Bengal); Myanmar (Kachin)
30 SIB 31 RFE 36 CHI TIB 38 JAP NKO 40 BHU IND NEP 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Amitostigma beesianum (W.W.Sm.) Tang & F.T.Wang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 1(1): 57 (1951)
= Chusua donii Nevski; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 4: 671 (1935) 4: 671 (1935), in obs
= Chusua nana (King & Pantl.) Pradhan; Indian Orchids 2: 678 (1979)
= Chusua nana f. alba Z.H.Wu & Q.H.Yang; Acta Bot. Boreal.-Occid. Sin. 27(4): 822 (2007)
= Chusua pauciflora (Lindl.) P.F.Hunt; Kew Bull. 26(1): 175 (1971)
= Chusua pulchella (Hand.-Mazz.) P.F.Hunt; Kew Bull. 26(1): 175 (1971)
= Chusua roborowskyi var. delavayi (Schltr.) P.F.Hunt; Kew Bull. 26(1): 176 (1971)
= Chusua roborowskyi var. giraldiana (Kraenzl) P.F.Hunt; Kew Bull. 26(1): 176 (1971)
= Chusua roborowskyi var. nana (King & Pantl.) P.F.Hunt; Kew Bull. 26(1): 176 (1971)
= Chusua roborowskyi var. tenii (Schltr.) P.F.Hunt; Kew Bull. 26(1): 176 (1971)
= Chusua roborowskyi var. unifoliata (Schltr.) P.F.Hunt; Kew Bull. 26(1): 176 (1971)
= Chusua secunda Nevski; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 4: 670, 753 (1935), nom. illeg.
= Gymnadenia chusua (D.Don) Lindl.; Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 280 (1835)
= Gymnadenia chusua (D.Don) Lindl. ex Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] 241, n 7058 (1832), nomen
= Gymnadenia chusua var. nana (King & Pantl.) Finet; Rev. Gén. Bot. 13: 514 (1901)
= Gymnadenia pauciflora Lindl.; Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 280 (1835)
= Habenaria chusua (D.Don) Benth.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 18: 355 (1881)
= Hemipilia nana (King & Pantl.) Kumar; Feddes Repert. 135(x): 6 of 12 (2024), isonym
= Hemipilia nana (King & Pantl.) Jalal, Gaj.Singh & G.S.Rawat; Orch. Uttarakhand 216 (2023)
= Hemipilia nana (King & Pantl.) J.M.H.Shaw; Orchids (West Palm Beach) 92(12): 895 (2023), isonym
= Orchis beesiana W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 8: 193 (1914)
= Orchis chusua D.Don; Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 23 (1825)
= Orchis chusua f. parva Kitam.; Fauna Fl. Nepal Himalaya 104 (1955)
= Orchis chusua var. delavayi (Schltr.) Soó; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 26: 344 (1929)
= Orchis chusua var. nana King & Pantl.; Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 8: 304, t. 402 (1898)
= Orchis chusua var. pulchella (Hand.-Mazz.) Tang & F.T.Wang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 1: 57 (1951)
= Orchis chusua var. tenii (Schltr.) Soó; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 26: 344 (1929)
= Orchis delavayi Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 433 (1911)
= Orchis giraldiana Kraenzl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 36: Beibl. 82: 25 (1905)
= Orchis mairei H.Lév.; Cat. Pl. Yun-Nan 197 (1916)
= Orchis nana (King & Pantl.) Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 434 (1911)
= Orchis parcifloroides Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7: 1327 (1936)
= Orchis pauciflora Fisch. ex Lindl.; Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 280 (1835), nom. inval.
= Orchis pulchella Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7: 1325 (1936)
= Orchis secunda (Nevski) Vorosch.; Fl. Sovetsk. Dal´n. Vost. 130 (1966), nom. illeg.
= Orchis tenii Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 22 (1921)
= Orchis unifoliata Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 22 (1921)
= Ponerorchis beesiana (W.W.Sm.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 20 (3-4): 351 (1974 publ. 1975)
= Ponerorchis chusua (D.Don) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 12: 352 (1966)
= Ponerorchis chusua subsp. nana (King & Pantl) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 20 (3-4): 352 (1974 publ. 1975)
= Ponerorchis chusua var. delavayi (Schltr.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 12: 352 (1966)
= Ponerorchis chusua var. giraldiana (Kraenzl.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 12: 352 (1966)
= Ponerorchis chusua var. nana (King & Pantl.) R.C.Srivast.; Fl. Sikkim 1: 108 (1996), et Nation. Acad. Sci. Letters 18 (3-4): 61 (1996)
= Ponerorchis chusua var. tenii (Schltr.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 12: 352 (1966)
= Ponerorchis chusua var. unifoliata (Schltr.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 12: 352 (1966)
= Ponerorchis nana (King & Pantl.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 12: 353 (1966)
= Ponerorchis pauciflora (Lindl.) Ohwi; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 5: 145 (1936)
= Ponerorchis pauciflora var. coreana (Ohwi) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 20 (3-4): 352 (1974 publ. 1975)
= Ponerorchis pulchella (Hand.-Mazz.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 12: 352 (1966)
species :
Hemipilia compacta (Schltr.) Y.Tang & H.Peng; BioMed Centr. Evol. Biol. 15(96): 28 (2015)
Distribution: China (W-Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Ponerorchis compacta (Schltr.) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 77: 51 (2014)
= Neottianthe compacta Schltr.; Acta Horti Gothob. 1(3): 136-137 (1924)
species :
Hemipilia cordifolia (Lindl. ex Wall.) Lindl.; Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 296 (1835)
Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); NW-Tibet; Taiwan; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Uttarakhand); Myanmar (Shan, Chin)
36 CHI TIB 38 TAI 40 BHU IND NEP 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Hemipilia bulleyi Rolfe; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 8: 27 (1913)
= Hemipilia cordifolia var. yunnanensis (Schltr.) Finet; Rev. Gén. Bot. 13: 510 (1901)
= Hemipilia cruciata Finet; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 44: 421 (1897)
= Hemipilia cruciata var. yunnanensis (Schltr.) Soó; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 26: 354 (1929)
= Hemipilia formosana Hayata; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30: Art. 1, 354 (1911)
= Hemipilia yunnanensis Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 22 (1910)
= Platanthera cordifolia Lindl. ex Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 7049 (1832), nomen
species :
Hemipilia crassicalcarata Chien; Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China, Bot. Ser. 6: 80 (1931)
Distribution: China (S-Shaanxi, SE-Shanxi, N- & W-Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Hemipilia silvestrii Pamp.; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 22: 271 (1915)
species :
Hemipilia crenulata (Soó) Y.Tang & H.Peng; BioMed Centr. Evol. Biol. 15(96): 28 (2015)
Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Chusua crenulata (Soó) P.F.Hunt; Kew Bull. 26: 174 (1971)
= Orchis crenulata Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 19: 373 (1924) [non Gilib. 1792]
= Ponerorchis crenulata (Schltr.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 12: 353 (1966)
= Ponerorchis schlechteri Perner & Y.B.Luo; Orchids Huanglong 209 (2007) nom. illeg. superfl.
species :
Hemipilia cucullata (L.) Y.Tang, H.Peng & T.Yukawa; BioMed Centr. Evol. Biol. 15(96): 27 (2015)
Name: Kapuzenorchis
Distribution: E-Poland; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; N-Ukraine; European Russia (E-European Russia, C-European Russia); Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Tuva, W-Siberia); Russian Far East (Amur, Primorye, Sakhalin); Kazakhstan; China (Anhui, N-Fujian, Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, W-Hubei, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, W-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan, Zhejiang); Tibet; Mongolia; North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Sikkim)
11 POL 14 BLR LAT LIT RUS UKR 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ 36 CHI TIB 37 MON 38 JAP KOR NKO 40 BHU IND NEP
Synonyms: hidden
= Coeloglossum alpinum Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 2: 169 (1851)
= Coeloglossum purpureum Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 646 (1866)
= Gymnadenia cucullata (L.) Rich.; Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 4: 57 (1818)
= Gymnadenia cucullata subsp. purpurea (Schur) E.G.Camus; Monogr. Orchid. 331 (1908)
= Gymnadenia cucullata var. maculata Nakai & Kitag.; Rep. Exped. Manchoukuo, Sect. IV, 1 (Pl. Nov. Jehol.) 20 (1934)
= Gymnadenia monophylla Ames & Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 4: 43 (1919)
= Gymnadenia pseudodiphylax Kraenzl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 36 (5, Beibl. 82): 25 (1905)
= Gymnadenia scabrilinguis Kraenzl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 36 (5, Beibl. 82): 26 (1905)
= Habenaria cucullata (L.) Höfft; Cat. Pl. Koursk 56 (1826), ex Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 4: 66 (1853)
= Himantoglossum cucullatum (L.) Rchb.f.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 120 (1830)
= Neottianthe angustifolia K.Y.Lang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 35(6): 538-540, f. 1, 1-4 (1997)
= Neottianthe cucullata (L.) Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16 (no. 24-25): 292 (1919)
= Neottianthe cucullata f. albiflora P.Y.Fu & S.Z.Liu; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 15(3): 333 (1995)
= Neottianthe cucullata f. maculata Nakai & Kitag.; Rep. Exped. Manchoukuo, Sect. IV, 4 (Index Fl. Jehol.) 72, 108 (1936)
= Neottianthe cucullata f. variegata (Y.N.Lee) M.Kim; Korean Endemic Pl. 571 (2017), basionym not validly publ.
= Neottianthe cucullata var. maculata (Nakai & Kitag.) Nakai & Kitag.; Rep. Exped. Manchoukuo, Sect. IV, 4 (Index Fl. Jehol.) 72, 108 (1936)
= Neottianthe maculata (Nakai & Kitag.) Nakai & Kitag.; Rep. Exped. Manchoukuo, Sect. IV, 4 (Index Fl. Jehol.) 72 (1936)
= Neottianthe monophylla (Ames & Schltr.) Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16 (no. 24-25): 292 (1919)
= Neottianthe pseudodiphylax (Kraenzl.) Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 291 (1919)
= Neottianthe pseudodiphylax var. monophylla (Ames & Schltr.) Soó; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 26: 354 (1929)
= Orchis cucullata L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 939 (1753)
= Ponerorchis cucullata (L.) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 77: 51 (2014)
species :
Hemipilia discolor Aver. & Averyanova; Komarovia 4: 21 (2006)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
species :
Hemipilia dolichocentra (Tang, F.T.Wang & K.Y.Lang) Y.Tang & H.Peng; BioMed Centr. Evol. Biol. 15(96): 28 (2015)
Distribution: China (W-Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Amitostigma dolichocentrum Tang, F.T.Wang & K.Y.Lang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20(1): 84 (1982)
= Ponerorchis dolichocentra (Tang, F.T.Wang & K.Y.Lang) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 77: 51 (2014)
species :
Hemipilia exilis (Ames & Schltr.) Y.Tang & H.Peng; BioMed Centr. Evol. Biol. 15(96): 28 (2015)
Distribution: China (C- to NE-Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Orchis exilis Ames & Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 4: 41 (1919)
= Ponerorchis exilis (Ames & Schltr.) S.C.Chen, P.J.Cribb & S.W.Gale; Fl. China 25: 97 (2009)
species :
Hemipilia faberi (Rolfe) Y.Tang & H.Peng; BioMed Centr. Evol. Biol. 15(96): 26 (2015)
Distribution: China (NE-Guizhou, Sichuan, NW-Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Amitostigma faberi (Rolfe) Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 4: 93 (1919)
= Gymnadenia faberi (Rolfe) Rolfe; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 36: 52 (1903)
= Habenaria faberi Rolfe; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1896: 201 (1896)
= Orchis faberi (Rolfe) Soó; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 26: 349 (1929)
= Ponerorchis faberi (Rolfe) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 77: 51 (2014)
species :
Hemipilia farreri (Schltr.) Y.Tang & H.Peng; BioMed Centr. Evol. Biol. 15(96): 27 (2015)
Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan: Dêqên Xian); SE-Tibet
36 CHI TIB
Synonyms: hidden
= Amitostigma farreri Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 20: 378 (1924)
= Orchis farreri (Schltr.) Soó; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 26: 348 (1929)
= Ponerorchis farreri (Schltr.) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 77: 51 (2014)
species :
Hemipilia flabellata Bureau & Franch.; J. Bot. [Morot] 5: 152 (1891)
Distribution: China (NW-Guizhou, SW-Sichuan, C- & NW-Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Hemipilia cordifolia var. subflabellata Finet; Rev. Gén. Bot. 13: 510 (1901)
= Hemipilia flabellata var. grandiflora Finet; Rev. Gén. Bot. 13: 511 (1901)
= Hemipilia flabellata var. leptoceras Soó; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 26: 355 (1929)
= Hemipilia forrestii var. macrantha Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7: 1329 (1936)
= Hemipilia leptoceras Schltr. ex Soó; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 26: 355 (1929) [in syn.]
= Hemipilia quinquangularis Tang & F.T.Wang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 1(1): 60 (1951)
= Hemipilia sikangensis Tang & F.T.Wang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 1(1): 60 (1951)
species :
Hemipilia forrestii Rolfe; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 8: 27 (1913)
Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet
36 CHI TIB
Remarks: status uncertain
species :
Hemipilia fujisanensis (Sugim.) Y.Tang, H.Peng & T.Yukawa; BioMed Centr. Evol. Biol. 15(96): 27 (2015)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
Conservation Status: IUCN V
Synonyms: hidden
= Amitostigma fujisanense Sugim.; Fl. Shizuoka Pref. 510 (1967)
= Amitostigma fujisanense Sugim. ex K.Inoue; Fl. Jap. [Iwatsuki et al., eds.] 4b: 206 (2016)
= Neottianthe fujisanensis (Sugim.) F.Maek.; Wild Orchids Japan 136 (1971)
= Ponerorchis fujisanensis (Sugim.) J.M.H.Shaw; Orchid Rev., Suppl., 125 (1319): 59 (2017)
species :
Hemipilia galeata Ying Tang, X.X.Zhu & H.Peng; Phytotaxa 245(4): 276 (2016)
Distribution: China (Fujian)
36 CHI
species :
Hemipilia gonggashanica (K.Y.Lang) Y.Tang & H.Peng; BioMed Centr. Evol. Biol. 15(96): 26 (2015)
Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Amitostigma gonggashanicum K.Y.Lang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 22(4): 312 (1984)
= Ponerorchis gonggashanica (K.Y.Lang) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 77: 51 (2014)
species :
Hemipilia gongshanensis (X.H.Jin, Schuit. & D.L.Lin) R.Kr.Singh & Sanjeet Kumar; J. Biodivers. Conservation 8(4): 89 (2024)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Ponerorchis gongshanensis X.H.Jin, Schuit. & D.L.Lin; Pl. Diversity 43(5): 398 (2021)
species :
Hemipilia gracilis (Blume) Y.Tang, H.Peng & T.Yukawa; BioMed Centr. Evol. Biol. 15(96): 27 (2015)
Distribution: China (Anhui, N-Fujian, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Zhejiang); North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Taiwan
36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO TAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Amitostigma chinense (Rolfe) Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 4: 92 (1919)
= Amitostigma formosensis (S.S.Ying) S.S.Ying; Quart. J. Exp. Forest. 1(3): 106 (1987)
= Amitostigma gracile (Blume) Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 4: 93 (1919)
= Amitostigma yunkianum Fukuy.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 48: 429 (1934)
= Cynorkis chinensis Rolfe; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 38: 369 (1908)
= Cynorkis gracilis (Blume) Kraenzl.; Orchid. Gen. Sp. 1: 488 (1898)
= Gymnadenia gracilis (Blume) Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 207 (1856)
= Gymnadenia mitostigma Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 19: 70 (1905), nom. illeg.
= Gymnadenia tryphiiformis Rchb.f.; J. Bot. 14: 209 (1876)
= Mitostigma gracile Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 190 (1856)
= Orchis chinensis (Rolfe) Soó; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 26: 349 (1929) [in syn.]
= Orchis formosensis S.S.Ying; Coloured Ill. Indig. Orchids Taiwan 1(2): 226 (1977)
= Orchis gracilis (Blume) Soó; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 26: 348 (1929)
= Orchis gracilis var. chinensis (Rolfe) Soó; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 26: 349 (1929)
= Orchis gracilis var. gracillima Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 2: 141 (1912)
= Orchis sooi S.S.Ying; Coloured Ill. Indig. Orchids Taiwan 2: 290, 618 (1990), nom. illeg.
= Orchis yunkiana (Fukuy.) S.S.Ying; Quart. J. Chin. Forest. 8(4): 140 (1975)
= Ponerorchis formosensis (Ying) Ying; Quart. J. Chin. Forest. 11(2): 102 (1978)
= Ponerorchis gracilis (Blume) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 77: 51 (2014)
species :
Hemipilia graminifolia (Rchb.f.) Y.Tang, H.Peng & T.Yukawa; BioMed Centr. Evol. Biol. 15(96): 25 (2015)
Distribution: North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)
38 JAP KOR NKO
Synonyms: hidden
= Gymnadenia graminifolia (Rchb.f.) Rchb.f.; Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 36: 75 (1878)
= Gymnadenia rupestris Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 206 (1856)
= Orchis graminifolia (Rchb.f.) Tang & F.T.Wang; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 10: 25 (1940)
= Orchis rupestris (Miq.) Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 4: 90 (1919)
= Phaniasia pulchella Blume ex Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 206 (1865-6)
= Ponerorchis graminifolia Rchb.f.; Linnaea 25: 228 (1852)
= Ponerorchis graminifolia var. nigropunctata F.Maek. ex K.Inoue; Fl. Jap. [Iwatsuki et al., eds.] 4b: 204 (2016)
variant :
var. suzukiana (Ohwi) Y.Tang, H.Peng & T.Yukawa; BioMed Centr. Evol. Biol. 15(96): 25 (2015)
Distribution: Japan
38 JAP
Conservation Status: IUCN E
Synonyms: hidden
= Orchis graminifolia var. suzukiana Ohwi; J. Jap. Bot. 44: 47 (1969)
= Ponerorchis graminifolia var. suzukiana (Ohwi) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 20 (3-4): 352 (1974 publ. 1975)
= Ponerorchis suzukiana (Ohwi) J.M.H.Shaw; Orchid Rev., Suppl., 111 (1253): 79 (2003)
species :
Hemipilia hemipilioides (Finet) Y.Tang & H.Peng; BioMed Centr. Evol. Biol. 15(96): 25 (2015)
Distribution: China (C-Guizhou, NW-Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Amitostigma hemipilioides (Finet) Tang & F.T.Wang; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 7: 5 (1936)
= Amitostigma microhemipilia Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 23 (1921)
= Chusua hemipilioides (Finet) P.F.Hunt; Kew Bull. 26(1): 174 (1971)
= Gymnadenia hemipilioides Finet; Rev. Gén. Bot. 13: 515 (1901)
= Hemipilia silvatica Kraenzl.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 110 (1921)
= Orchis microhemipilia (Schltr.) Soó; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 26: 349 (1929)
= Ponerorchis hemipilioides (Finet) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 12: 353 (1966)
species :
Hemipilia henryi Rolfe; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 203 (1896)
Distribution: China (W-Hubei, NE, SE, and SW-Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Hemipilia amesiana Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 4: 41 (1919)
= Hemipilia cordifolia var. cuneata Finet; Rev. Gén. Bot. 13: 510 (1901)
= Hemipilia cuneata (Finet) Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 21 (1910)
species :
Hemipilia hui (Tang & F.T.Wang) Schuit.; OrchideenJ. 29(2): 81 (2022)
Distribution: China
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Chusua hui (Tang & F.T.Wang) P.F.Hunt; Kew Bull. 26(1): 174 (1971)
= Orchis hui Tang & F.T.Wang; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 7: 2 (1936)
= Ponerorchis hui (Tang & F.T.Wang) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 12: 353 (1966)
species :
Hemipilia joo-iokiana (Makino) Y.Tang, H.Peng & T.Yukawa; BioMed Centr. Evol. Biol. 15(96): 27 (2015)
Distribution: Japan
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Chusua joo-iokiana (Makino) P.F.Hunt; Kew Bull. 26(1): 174 (1971)
= Orchis joo-iokiana Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 16: 57 (1902)
= Orchis joo-iokiana var. coreana Ohwi; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 5: 145 (1936)
= Orchis matsumurana Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 4: 41 (1919)
= Ponerorchis joo-iokiana (Makino) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 12: 352 (1966)
= Ponerorchis joo-iokiana var. coreana (Ohwi) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 20: 352 (1974 publ. 1975)
= Ponerorchis joo-iwokiana (Makino) Nakai; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo No. 31, 152 (1952), orth. var.
= Ponerorchis pauciflora var. joo-iokiana (Makino) Ohwi; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 5: 145 (1936)
species :
Hemipilia kaiyangense (S.Z.He & Yong Wang) R.Kr.Singh & Sanjeet Kumar; J. Biodivers. Conservation 8(4): 90 (2024)
Distribution: China (Guizhou)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Amitostigma kaiyangense S.Z.He & Yong Wang; Phytotaxa 547(1): 115 (2022)
species :
Hemipilia keiskei (Finet) Y.Tang, H.Peng & T.Yukawa; BioMed Centr. Evol. Biol. 15(96): 25 (2015)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Amitostigma keiskei (Finet) Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 4: 93 (1919)
= Gymnadenia gracilis var. keiskei Finet; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 47: 280 (1900)
= Gymnadenia keiskei Maxim.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 54(1): 61 (1879), nom. illeg.
= Orchis keiskei (Finet) Soó; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 26: 349 (1929)
= Ponerorchis keiskei (Finet) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 77: 51 (2014)
species :
Hemipilia keiskeoides (Gagnep.) Y.Tang & H.Peng; BioMed Centr. Evol. Biol. 15(96): 25 (2015)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Amitostigma keiskeoides (Gagnep.) Garay & W.Kittr.; Bot. Mus. Leafl. 30(3): 181 (1985 publ. 1986)
= Habenaria keiskeoides Gagnep.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 78: 71 (1931)
= Tsaiorchis keiskeoides (Gagnep.) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 77: 52 (2014)
species :
Hemipilia kinoshitae (Makino) Y.Tang, H.Peng & T.Yukawa; BioMed Centr. Evol. Biol. 15(96): 25 (2015)
Distribution: Russian Far East (S-Kuril Isl.); Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu)
31 RFE 38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Amitostigma hisamatsui Miyabe & Tatew.; Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. 15: 48 (1937)
= Amitostigma kinoshitae (Makino) Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 4: 93 (1919)
= Gymnadenia gracilis var. angustifolia Finet; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 47: 280 (1900)
= Gymnadenia keiskei var. kinoshitae Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 17: 112 (1903)
= Gymnadenia kinoshitae (Makino) Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 23: 137 (1909)
= Orchis kinoshitae (Makino) Soó; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 26: 349 (1929)
= Ponerorchis kinoshitae (Makino) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 77: 51 (2014)
species :
Hemipilia kiraishiensis (Hayata) Y.Tang & H.Peng; BioMed Centr. Evol. Biol. 15(96): 27 (2015)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Chusua kiriashiensis (Hayata) P.F.Hunt; Kew Bull. 26(1): 175 (1971)
= Orchis kiraishiensis Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 9: 116 (1920)
= Orchis nanhutashanensis S.S.Ying; Coloured Ill. Indig. Orchids Taiwan 2: 297 (1990)
= Ponerorchis kiraishiensis (Hayata) Ohwi; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 5: 146 (1936)
species :
Hemipilia kwangsiensis Tang & F.T.Wang ex K.Y.Lang; Guihaia 18(1): 7-8, f. 2 (1998)
Distribution: China (S-Guangxi, SE-Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Hemipilia lepida (Rchb.f.) Y.Tang, H.Peng & T.Yukawa; BioMed Centr. Evol. Biol. 15(96): 25 (2015)
Distribution: Japan (Kyushu, Yakushima Isl.); Ryukyu Isl. (Okinawa, Amami Oshima)
38 JAP NNS
Synonyms: hidden
= Amitostigma lepidum (Rchb.f.) Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 4: 94 (1919)
= Cynorkis japonica Kraenzl.; Orchid. Gen. Sp. 1: 487 (1898)
= Galearis ferrieana (Kraenzl.) P.F.Hunt; Kew Bull. 26: 172 (1971)
= Gymnadenia lepida Rchb.f.; Otia Bot. Hamburg. 51 (1878)
= Orchis ferrieana Kraenzl.; Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 60: 425 (1915)
= Orchis lepida (Rchb.f.) Soó; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 26: 349 (1929)
= Ponerorchis lepida (Rchb.f.) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 77: 51 (2014)
species :
Hemipilia limprichtii Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 12: 331 (1922)
Distribution: China (C-Guizhou, C- & NW-Yunnan); Myanmar (Mandalay)
36 CHI 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Hemipilia cordifolia var. bifoliata Finet; Rev. Gén. Bot. 13: 509 (1901)
species :
Hemipilia luteola (K.Y.Lang & S.C.Chen) Y.Tang & H.Peng; BioMed Centr. Evol. Biol. 15(96): 28 (2015)
Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Neottianthe luteola K.Y.Lang & S.C.Chen; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 35(6): 545 (1996)
= Ponerorchis luteola (K.Y.Lang & S.C.Chen) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 77: 51 (2014)
species :
Hemipilia monantha (Finet) Y.Tang & H.Peng; BioMed Centr. Evol. Biol. 15(96): 26 (2015)
Distribution: China (S-Gansu, S-Shaanxi, NW- & W-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet; Myanmar (Kachin)
36 CHI TIB 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Amitostigma forrestii Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 20: 379 (1924)
= Amitostigma monanthum (Finet) Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 4: 94 (1919)
= Amitostigma monanthum var. forrestii (Schltr.) Tang & F.T.Wang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 1(1): 57 (1951)
= Amitostigma nivale Schltr.; Acta Horti Gothob. 1: 132 (1924)
= Orchis forrestii (Schltr.) Soó; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 26: 348 (1929)
= Orchis monantha (Finet) Soó; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 26: 349 (1929)
= Orchis nivalis (Schltr.) Soó; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 26: 349 (1929)
= Peristylus monanthus Finet; Rev. Gén. Bot. 13: 523 (1903)
= Ponerorchis monantha (Finet) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 77: 51 (2014)
species :
Hemipilia nanoides (Schuit. & X.H.Jin) R.Kr.Singh & Sanjeet Kumar; J. Biodivers. Conservation 8(4): 90 (2024)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Apetalanthe gracilis Aver. & Vuong; Taiwania 65(4): 479 (2020)
= Ponerorchis nanoides Schuit. & X.H.Jin; Pl. Diversity 43(5): 399 (2021), nom. nov.
species :
Hemipilia neottianthoides (Tang & F.T.Wang) comb.ined.
Distribution: China (C- & E-Guangxi, SE-Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Platanthera neottianthoides (Tang & F.T.Wang) R.M.Bateman & P.J.Cribb; Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 104(3): 439 (2009)
= Tsaiorchis neottianthoides Tang & F.T.Wang; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 7: 133 (1936)
species :
Hemipilia oblonga (K.Y.Lang) Y.Tang & H.Peng; BioMed Centr. Evol. Biol. 15(96): 28 (2015)
Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Neottianthe oblonga K.Y.Lang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 35(6): 544-545, f. 1, 5-8 (1997)
= Ponerorchis oblonga (K.Y.Lang) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 77: 51 (2014)
species :
Hemipilia occidensichuanensis Y.Tang & H.Peng; BioMed Centr. Evol. Biol. 15(96): 26 (2015)
Distribution: China (SE-Gansu, Henan, Shaanxi, NW-Sichuan, Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Chusua limprichtii (Schltr.) P.F.Hunt; Kew Bull. 26(1): 175 (1971)
= Orchis limprichtii Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 12: 330 (1922)
= Ponerorchis limprichtii (Schltr.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 12: 353 (1966)
species :
Hemipilia omeishanica (Tang, F.T.Wang & K.Y.Lang) Y.Tang & H.Peng; BioMed Centr. Evol. Biol. 15(96): 27 (2015)
Distribution: China (SC-Sichuan: Emei Shan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Orchis omeishanica Tang, F.T.Wang & K.Y.Lang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18(4): 416 (1980)
= Ponerorchis omeishanica (Tang, F.T.Wang & K.Y.Lang) S.C.Chen, P.J.Cribb & S.W.Gale; Fl. China 25: 96 (2009)
species :
Hemipilia ovata (K.Y.Lang) Y.Tang & H.Peng; BioMed Centr. Evol. Biol. 15(96): 28 (2015)
Distribution: China (W-Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Neottianthe ovata K.Y.Lang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 35(6): 542-543, f. 1, 9-12 (1997)
= Ponerorchis ovata (K.Y.Lang) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 77: 51 (2014)
species :
Hemipilia papilionacea (Tang, F.T.Wang & K.Y.Lang) R.Kr.Singh & Sanjeet Kumar; J. Biodivers. Conservation 8(4): 90 (2024)
Distribution: China (NW-Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Amitostigma papilionaceum Tang, F.T.Wang & K.Y.Lang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20(1): 83 (1982)
= Ponerorchis papilionacea (Tang, F.T.Wang & K.Y.Lang) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 77: 51 (2014)
species :
Hemipilia parceflora (Finet) Y.Tang & H.Peng; BioMed Centr. Evol. Biol. 15(96): 26 (2015)
Distribution: China (Chongqing, NE-Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Amitostigma parciflorum (Finet) Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 4: 94 (1919)
= Orchis parceflora (Finet) Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7: 1327 (1936)
= Orchis tetraloba var. parceflora (Finet) Soó; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 26: 350 (1929)
= Peristylus tetralobus f. parceflorus Finet; Rev. Gén. Bot. 13: 525 (1902)
= Ponerorchis parceflora (Finet) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 77: 51 (2014)
species :
Hemipilia pathakiana (Av.Bhattacharjee) R.Kr.Singh & Sanjeet Kumar; J. Biodivers. Conservation 8(4): 90 (2024)
Distribution: India (Arunachal Pradesh)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Amitostigma pathakianum Av.Bhattacharjee; Phytotaxa 230(3): 268 (2015)
= Ponerorchis pathakiana (Av.Bhattacharjee) J.M.H.Shaw; Orchid Rev., Suppl., 125 (1319): 59 (2017)
species :
Hemipilia physoceras (Schltr.) Y.Tang & H.Peng; BioMed Centr. Evol. Biol. 15(96): 27 (2015)
Distribution: China (W-Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Amitostigma physoceras Schltr.; Acta Horti Gothob. 1: 133 (1924)
= Orchis physoceras (Schltr.) Soó; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 26: 350 (1929)
= Ponerorchis physoceras (Schltr.) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 77: 51 (2014)
species :
Hemipilia pinguicula (Rchb.f. & S.Moore) Y.Tang & H.Peng; BioMed Centr. Evol. Biol. 15(96): 25 (2015)
Distribution: China (NE-Zhejiang)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Amitostigma pinguicula (Rchb.f. & S.Moore) Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 4: 94 (1919)
= Diplomeris chinensis Rolfe; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1896: 203 (1896)
= Gymnadenia pinguicula Rchb.f. & S.Moore; J. Bot. 16: 135 (1878)
= Habenaria pinguicula (Rchb.f. & S.Moore) Benth.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 18: 355 (1881)
= Orchis pinguicula (Rchb.f. & S.Moore) Soó; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 26: 350 (1929)
= Ponerorchis pinguicula (Rchb.f. & S.Moore) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 77: 51 (2014)
= Shizhenia pinguicula (Rchb.f. & S.Moore) X.H.Jin, Lu Q.Huang, W.T.Jin & X.G.Xiang; Biodivers. Sci. 23(2): 240 (2015)
species :
Hemipilia puberula (King & Pantl.) Y.Tang & H.Peng; BioMed Centr. Evol. Biol. 15(96): 28 (2015)
Distribution: Bhutan; India (Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh); Myanmar (Kachin)
40 BHU IND 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Amitostigma puberula (King & Pantl.) Tang & F.T.Wang; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 7: 6 (1936), et Acta Phytotax. Sin. 1(1): 57 (1951)
= Chusua puberula (King & Pantl.) N.Pearce & P.J.Cribb; Fl. Bhutan 3(3): 136 (2002)
= Gymnadenia puberula Lindl.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 7059 (1832), nomen
= Orchis puberula King & Pantl.; Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 8: 304 (1898)
= Ponerorchis puberula (King & Pantl.) Verm.; Jahresber. Naturwiss. Vereins Wuppertal 25: 30 (1972)
species :
Hemipilia pugeensis (K.Y.Lang) Y.Tang & H.Peng; BioMed Centr. Evol. Biol. 15(96): 28 (2015)
Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan: Puge Xian)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Orchis pugeensis K.Y.Lang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 25(5): 403 (1987)
= Ponerorchis pugeensis (K.Y.Lang) S.C.Chen, P.J.Cribb & S.W.Gale; Fl. China 25: 96 (2009)
species :
Hemipilia purpureopunctata (K.Y.Lang) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 77: 50 (2014)
Distribution: SE-Tibet; India (Arunachal Pradesh)
36 TIB 40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Habenaria purpureopunctata K.Y.Lang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16(4): 127 (1978)
= Hemipiliopsis purpureopunctata (K.Y.Lang) Y.B.Luo & S.C.Chen; Novon 13(4): 450 (5 Dec. 2003)
species :
Hemipilia renzii (Deva & H.B.Naithani) Y.Tang & H.Peng; BioMed Centr. Evol. Biol. 15(96): 28 (2015)
Distribution: India (Uttarakhand)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Chusua renzii (Deva & H.B.Naithani) S.Misra; Orchids India 258 (2007)
= Ponerorchis renzii Deva & H.B.Naithani; Orchid Fl. N. W. Himalaya 199 (1986)
species :
Hemipilia secundiflora (Kraenzl.) Y.Tang & H.Peng; BioMed Centr. Evol. Biol. 15(96): 28 (2015)
Distribution: China (W-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); E- to S-Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Manipur, Sikkim, Uttarakhand); Myanmar; Vietnam
36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP 41 MYA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Gymnadenia secundiflora (Kraenzl.) Kraenzl.; Orchid. Gen. Sp. 1: 936, 1091 (1903)
= Habenaria secundiflora Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 6: 165 (1890), nom. illeg.
= Neottianthe mairei Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17 (474-476): 24 (1921)
= Neottianthe secundiflora (Kraenzl.) Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16 (no. 24-25): 291 (1919)
= Orchis secundiflorus (Kraenzl.) Pradhan; Indian Orchids 1: 47 (1976)
= Peristylus secundiflorus Kraenzl.; Orchid. Gen. Sp. 1: 518 (1898)
= Ponerorchis secundiflora (Kraenzl.) X.H.Jin; Spec. Cat. China Vol. 1 Pl. 297 (2015), isonym
= Ponerorchis secundiflora (Kraenzl.) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 77: 51 (2014)
species :
Hemipilia sichuanica (K.Y.Lang) Y.Tang & H.Peng; BioMed Centr. Evol. Biol. 15(96): 27 (2015)
Distribution: China (W-Sichuan: Baoxing Xian, Ebian Xian)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Orchis sichuanica K.Y.Lang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 25(5): 401 (1987)
= Ponerorchis sichuanica (K.Y.Lang) S.C.Chen, P.J.Cribb & S.W.Gale; Fl. China 25: 96 (2009)
species :
Hemipilia simplex (Tang & F.T.Wang) Y.Tang & H.Peng; BioMed Centr. Evol. Biol. 15(96): 26 (2015)
Distribution: China (W-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Amitostigma simplex Tang & F.T.Wang; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 10: 25 (1940)
= Ponerorchis simplex (Tang & F.T.Wang) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 77: 51 (2014)
species :
Hemipilia taiwanensis (Fukuy.) Y.Tang & H.Peng; BioMed Centr. Evol. Biol. 15(96): 28 (2015)
Distribution: Taiwan (Hualian, Nantou, Taidong)
38 TAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Chusua taiwanensis (Fukuy.) P.F.Hunt; Kew Bull. 26(1): 176 (1971)
= Hemipilia takasagomontana var. taitungensis (S.S.Ying) T.C.Hsu; Ill. Fl. Taiwan 2: 92 (2016)
= Orchis taitungensis S.S.Ying; Coloured Ill. Indig. Orchids Taiwan 1: 497 (1985)
= Orchis taitungensis var. alboflorens S.S.Ying; Coloured Ill. Indig. Orchids Taiwan 1: 498 (1985)
= Orchis taiwanensis Fukuy.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 49: 290 (1935)
= Ponerorchis taitungensis (S.S.Ying) S.S.Ying; Quart. J. Chin. Forest. 21: 116 (1988)
= Ponerorchis taitungensis var. alboflorens (S.S.Ying) S.S.Ying; Quart. J. Chin. Forest. 21: 116 (1988)
= Ponerorchis taiwanensis (Fukuy.) Ohwi; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 5: 146 (1936)
species :
Hemipilia takasago-montana (Masam.) Y.Tang & H.Peng; BioMed Centr. Evol. Biol. 15(96): 28 (2015)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Ponerorchis takasago-montana (Masam.) Ohwi; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 5: 146 (1936)
= Chusua takasago-montana (Masam.) P.F.Hunt; Kew Bull. 26(1): 176 (1971)
= Orchis takasago-montana Masam.; Trop. Hort. 3: 45 (1933), et Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 24: 206 (1934)
= Orchis chingshuishania S.S.Ying; Mem. Coll. Agric. Natl. Taiwan Univ. 28(2): 34, pl. 1 (1988)
species :
Hemipilia tetraloba (Finet) Y.Tang & H.Peng; BioMed Centr. Evol. Biol. 15(96): 26 (2015)
Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, SW- & W-Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Amitostigma tetralobum (Finet) Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 4: 95 (1919)
= Amitostigma yunnanense Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 24 (1921)
= Orchis tetraloba (Finet) Schltr.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 5: 95 (1912)
= Orchis tetraloba var. parciflora Soó; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 26: 350 (1929)
= Orchis tetraloba var. yunnanensis Soó; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 26: 350 (1929)
= Peristylus tetralobus Finet; Rev. Gén. Bot. 13: 524 (1901)
= Ponerorchis tetraloba (Finet) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 77: 52 (2014)
species :
Hemipilia thailandica (Seidenf. & Thaithong) Y.Tang & H.Peng; BioMed Centr. Evol. Biol. 15(96): 26 (2015)
Distribution: N-Thailand
41 THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Amitostigma thailandicum Seidenf. & Thaithong; Contr. Orchid Fl. Thailand XIII 8 (1997)
= Ponerorchis thailandica (Seidenf. & Thaithong) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 77: 52 (2014)
species :
Hemipilia tibetica (Schltr.) Y.Tang & H.Peng; BioMed Centr. Evol. Biol. 15(96): 27 (2015)
Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet (Zayü Xian); Myanmar (Kachin)
36 CHI TIB 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Amitostigma tibeticum Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 20: 379 (1924)
= Orchis tibetica (Schltr.) Soó; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 26: 350 (1929)
= Ponerorchis tibetica (Schltr.) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 77: 52 (2014)
species :
Hemipilia tominagae (Hayata) Y.Tang & H.Peng; BioMed Centr. Evol. Biol. 15(96): 28 (2015)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Amitostigma tominagae (Hayata) Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 4: 95 (1919)
= Chusua kunihikoana (Masam. & Fukuy.) P.F.Hunt; Kew Bull. 26(1): 175 (1971)
= Gymnadenia tominagae Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 6: 93 (1916)
= Orchis kiraishiensis f. leucantha Masam.; J. Soc. Trop. Agric. 3: 241 (1931)
= Orchis kiraishiensis var. leucantha (Masam.) Masam.; Trop. Hort. 3: 45 (1933)
= Orchis kuanshanensis S.S.Ying; Coloured Ill. Indig. Orchids Taiwan 1: 495 (1985)
= Orchis kunihikoana Masam. & Fukuy.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 35 49: 663 (1936)
= Orchis taoloii S.S.Ying; Alp. Pl. Taiwan Colour 1: 75 (1975)
= Orchis tominagae (Hayata) S.S.Ying; Quart. J. Chin. Forest. 8(4): 140 (1975)
= Orchis tominagae (Hayata) Soó; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 26: 349 (1929)
= Ponerorchis kiraishiensis var. leucantha (Masam.) A.T.Hsieh; Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 8: 267 (1955)
= Ponerorchis kuanshanensis (S.S.Ying) S.S.Ying
= Ponerorchis kunihikoana (Masam. & Fukuy.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 12: 353 (1966)
= Ponerorchis taoloii (S.S.Ying) T.P.Lin; (1978)
= Ponerorchis tominagae (Hayata) H.J.Su & J.J.Chen; Fl. Taiwan, ed. 2, 5: 1029 (2000)
species :
Hemipilia trifurcata (Tang, F.T.Wang & K.Y.Lang) Y.Tang & H.Peng; BioMed Centr. Evol. Biol. 15(96): 26 (2015)
Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Amitostigma trifurcatum Tang, F.T.Wang & K.Y.Lang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20(1): 80 (1982)
= Ponerorchis trifurcata (Tang, F.T.Wang & K.Y.Lang) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 77: 52 (2014)
species :
Hemipilia uniflora Aver., B.H.Quang & K.S.Nguyen; Phytotaxa 681(1): 22 (2025)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
species :
Hemipilia wenshanensis (W.H.Chen, Y.M.Shui & K.Y.Lang) Y.Tang & H.Peng; BioMed Centr. Evol. Biol. 15(96): 25 (2015)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Amitostigma wenshanense W.H.Chen, Y.M.Shui & K.Y.Lang; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 25(5): 521 (2003)
= Ponerorchis wenshanensis (W.H.Chen, Y.M.Shui & K.Y.Lang) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 77: 52 (2014)
species :
Hemipilia wolongensis (G.W.Hu, Yue H.Cheng & Q.F.Wang) R.Kr.Singh & Sanjeet Kumar; J. Biodivers. Conservation 8(4): 91 (2024)
Distribution: China (Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Ponerorchis wolongensis G.W.Hu, Yue H.Cheng & Q.F.Wang; Nordic J. Bot. 2022(2)-e03295: 2 (2021)
species :
Hemipilia yajiangensis G.W.Hu, Jia X.Yang & Q.F.Wang; Kew Bull. 77(4): 974 (2022)
Distribution: China (Sichuan)
36 CHI
species :
Hemipilia yueana (Tang & F.T.Wang) Y.Tang & H.Peng; BioMed Centr. Evol. Biol. 15(96): 27 (2015)
Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet (Mêdog Xian)
36 CHI TIB
Synonyms: hidden
= Amitostigma yueanum Tang & F.T.Wang; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 10: 26 (1940)
= Ponerorchis yueana (Tang & F.T.Wang) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 77: 52 (2014)
species :
Hemipilia zhuxiensis Hong Liu; PhytoKeys 247: 209 (2024)
Distribution: China (Hubei)
36 CHI
species :
Hemipilia ×alpestroides T.C.Hsu; Ill. Fl. Taiwan 2: 89 (2016)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
Remarks: Hemipilia alpestris x H. kiraishiensis
Synonyms: hidden
= Ponerorchis ×alpestroides (T.C.Hsu) T.P.Lin; Orchid Fl. Taiwan 254 (2019)
species :
Hemipilia ×mixta Ormerod; Taiwania 56(1): 44 (2011)
Distribution: China (Sichuan)
36 CHI
Remarks: Hemipilia cordifolia x H. flabellata
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.03 (March 6th, 2025)

Covering 356,112 accepted species,
8,776 hybrids, 48,085 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,454 synonyms,
in total 1,415,427* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life