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Ver. 25.03
Mar. 6th, 2025

030.0000 Family Pteridaceae E.D.M.Kirchn.; Schul-Bot. 109 (1831)
48 genera, ca. 1350 spp. The family has been split extensively in smaller subgroups, but Smith et al. (2006) and PPG-I argue for keeping them together.
Species listed in database: 1402; hybrids: 68
= Acrostichaceae Mett. ex A.B.Frank; Syn. Pflanzenk., ed. 2, 3: 1458 (1877), nom. rej.
= Actiniopteridaceae Pic.Serm.; Webbia 17: 5 (1962)
= Adiantaceae Newman; Hist. Brit. Ferns 5 (1840) nom. cons. over Parkeriaceae (1825)
= Anopteraceae Doweld; Tent. Syst. Pl. Vasc. (Tracheophyta) 51 (2001)
= Antrophyaceae (Link) Ching; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16: 11 (1978)
= Ceratopteridaceae Underw.; Native Ferns, ed. 6: 65, 78 (1900)
= Cheilanthaceae B.K.Nayar; Taxon 19: 233 (1970)
= Cryptogrammaceae Pic.Serm.; Webbia 17: 299 (1963)
= Hemionitidaceae Pic.Serm.; Webbia 21: 487 (1966)
= Negripteridaceae Pic.Serm.; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 53: 160 (1946)
= Parkeriaceae Hook.; Exot. Fl. 2: t. 147 (1825), nom. rej. in favor of Adiantaceae
= Platyzomataceae Nakai; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, 29: 4 (1950)
= Pteridaceae Reichenb.; Handb. Nat. Pfl.-Syst. 138 (1837)
= Sinopteridaceae Koidz.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 3: 50 (1934)
= Taenitidaceae (C.Presl) Pic.Serm.; Webbia 29: 1 (1974)
= Vittariaceae Ching; Sunyatsenia 5: 232 (1940)
030.5005 Genus Haplopteris C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 141 (1836), nom. cons. prop.
Distribution: Trop. Asia and Australia.
Species listed in database: 43
= Vittaria sect.Haplopteris (C.Presl) Ching; Sinensia 1: 176 (1931)
= Vittaria subgen.Haplopteris (C.Presl) C.Chr.; Index Filic. 46 (1906)
= Vittaria sect.Schizolomatopsis Zhang; (1999)
= Monogramma Comm. ex Schkuhr; 24. Kl. Linn. Pfl.-Syst. 1: 82 (1809), nom. rej. prop.
= Pleurofossa Nakai ex H.Itô; J. Jap. Bot. 12: 408 (1936)
= Pleurogramme R.Br.; Pl. Jav. Rar. [Bennett] 4 (1838), non (Blume) C. Presl 1836
species :
Haplopteris alternans (Copel.) S.Linds. & C.W.Chen; Gard. Bull. Singapore 66(2): 170 (2014)
Distribution: Sulawesi; Philippines (Negros, Mindanao)
42 PHI SUL
Remarks: ensiformis agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Vittaria alternans Copel.; Philipp. J. Sci. 1, Suppl. 2: 157 (1906)
= Vittaria hecistophylla Copel.; Philipp. J. Sci. 81: 45 (1952)
species :
Haplopteris amboinensis (Fée) X.C.Zhang; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 40: 460 (2003)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia; Java; Moluccas (Ambon)
42 JAW MLY MOL
Remarks: taeniophylla agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Taeniopsis amboinensis (Fée) Bedd.; Ferns Brit. India, t. 117 (1866)
= Vittaria amboinensis Fée; Mém. Foug. 3 (Hist. Vittar.): 14, t. 1, f. 1 (1851)
species :
Haplopteris anguste-elongata (Hayata) E.H.Crane; Syst. Bot. 22: 514 (1997 publ. 1998)
Distribution: China (Fujian, Hainan); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; Philippines
36 CHI 38 NNS TAI 42 PHI
Remarks: ensiformis agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Vittaria anguste-elongata Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 6: 161 (1916)
species :
Haplopteris angustifolia (Blume) E.H.Crane; Syst. Bot. 22: 514 (1998) [´1997´]
Distribution: Thailand; ?Cambodia; Vietnam; Sumatra; Borneo (Sabah, Sarawak); Sulawesi; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Lombok, Bali); Moluccas (Seram); New Guinea (Papua New Guinea); Fed. States of Micronesia (Pohnpei)
41 THA VIE 42 BOR JAW LSI MOL NWG SUL SUM 62 MIC
Remarks: ensiformis agg.; distribution data somewhat uncertain due to previous inclusion of H. sikkimensis
Synonyms: hidden
= Vittaria angustifolia Blume; Enum. Pl. Javae 2: 199 (1828) (non Sw.)
= Vittaria minor Bedd.; Ferns Brit. India, t. 58 (1865) (non Fée (1851-52))
= Vittaria minor var. minima Hook.; Sp. Fil. [W.J.Hooker] 5: 183 (1864)
species :
Haplopteris angustissima (Holttum) S.Linds.; Gard. Bull. Singapore 62(1): 119 (2010)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Gunung Kerbau, Perak, Fraser´s Hill, Pahang)
42 MLY
Remarks: ensiformis agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Vittaria angustissima Holttum; Gard. Bull. Singapore 11: 274 (1947)
species :
Haplopteris capillaris (Copel.) C.W.Chen, S.Linds. & K.T.Yong; Syst. Bot. 44(3): 491 (2019)
Distribution: Taiwan; Philippines (Negros)
38 TAI 42 PHI
Remarks: ensiformis agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Monogramma capillaris Copel.; Philipp. J. Sci. 6: 147 (1911)
= Pleurofossa capillaris (Copel.) Nakai ex H.Itô; J. Jap. Bot. 12: 408 (1936)
= Vaginularia capillaris (Copel.) C.Chr.; Index Filic., Suppl. Tert. 193 (1934)
species :
Haplopteris centrochinensis (Ching ex J.F.Cheng) Y.H.Yan, Z.Y.Wei & X.C.Zhang; PhytoKeys 178: 90, figs. 1-3 (2021)
Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang)
36 CHI
Remarks: taeniophylla agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Vittaria centrochinensis J.F.Cheng ex Ching; Fl. Jiangxi 1: 505 (1993)
species :
Haplopteris dareicarpa (Hook.) S.Linds. & C.W.Chen; Gard. Bull. Singapore 66(2): 171 (2014)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Johor); +Singapore; Borneo (Sarawak, Sabah); Philippines; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Solomon Isl. (Santa Ysabel); ?Australia (?Queensland)
42 BOR MLY NWG PHI SNG 43 SOL
Remarks: ensiformis agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Monogramma dareicarpa Hook.; Sp. Fil. [W.J.Hooker] 6: 121, t. 288 A (1864)
= Pleurofossa dareicarpa (Hook.) Nakai ex H.Itô; J. Jap. Bot. 12: 408 (1936)
species :
Haplopteris elongata (Sw.) E.H.Crane; Syst. Bot. 22: 514 (1997 publ. 1998)
Name: Stiff shoestring fern
Distribution: Kenya; Pemba Isl.; Tanzania; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Madagascar; Comores (Grande Comore, Mayotte); Mauritius; Seychelles; China (Fujian, Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, S-Yunnan); Tibet; ?Ryukyu Isl.; ?Bonin Isl. (?Chichijima, ?Hahajima); ?Volcano Isl. (?Kita-Iwojima, ?Minami-Iwojima); Taiwan; Bhutan; India (Andhra Pradesh, ?Arunachal Pradesh, Assam State, Karnataka, Kerala, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, West Bengal); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Andaman Isl.; Myanmar (Kachin, etc.); Thailand (widespread); Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (north of Malaya); Singapore; Sumatra; Borneo (Mt. Kinabalu, Sabah, Sarawak, Kalimantan); Sulawesi; Palawan; Philippines; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Lombok, Sumba, Bali, Flores, Sumbawa, Alor, Timor); Moluccas (Seram); Christmas Isl. [Austr.]; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Bismarck Arch. (Admiralty Isl.); Solomon Isl. (Guadalcanal, Kolombangara, New Georgia, Rendova, Vangunu, Vella Lavella, Makira, Malaita); Australia (NE-Queensland, SE-Queensland, NE-New South Wales); Norfolk Isl.; New Caledonia; Santa Cruz Isl.; Vanuatu; Rotuma Isl.; Tonga; Fiji (Viti Levu, Vanua Levu, Kadavu, Gau, Koro, Ovalau, Taveuni, Waya); American Samoa (Tutuila); [Western] Samoa (Aleipata Isl., Savai´i, ´Upolu); Tokelau (Nukunonu, Swains Isl.); Cook Isl. (Rarotonga, Mangaia); Marquesas Isl. (Nuku Hiva, Ua Pou, Hiva Oa, Fatu Hiva, Ua Huka, Tahuata); Society Isl. (Tahiti, Bora Bora, Moorea, Tahaa, Huahine); Austral Isl. (Tubuai, Rurutu, Raivavae, Rapa Iti); +Pitcairn Isl.; Hawaii
25 KEN TAN 26 MOZ ZIM 29 COM MAU MDG SEY 36 CHI TIB 38 TAI 40 BAN BHU IND SRL 41 AND CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 BOR LSI MLY MOL NWG PHI PLW SNG SUL SUM XMS 43 BIS SOL 50 AUS NFK 60 ASA FIJ NWC ROT SAM SCZ TOK TON VAN 61 AUI COO MRQ PIT SCI 63 HAW
Remarks: ensiformis agg.; contains probably cryptic species because of high molecular diversity (Chen et al. 2017). Nevertheless many authors include also H. zosterifolia.
Synonyms: hidden
= Oetosis elongata (Sw.) Greene; Pittonia 4: 103 (1900)
= Pteris graminifolia Roxb. ex Griff.; Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 4: 502, t. 33 (1844)
= Vittaria angustata Alderw.; Malayan Ferns Fern Allies, Suppl. Corr. 57 (1917)
= Vittaria anodontolepis Fée; Mém. Foug. 3 (Hist. Vittar.): 23, t. 4, f. 3 (1851)
= Vittaria blumei Hieron.; Hedwigia 57: 206 (1915)
= Vittaria bonincola H.Itô; J. Jap. Bot. 12: 465, f. 2(2), 3(2), 5(2), 6(2) (1936) (tentative synonym)
= Vittaria boninensis Christ; Monsunia 1: 57 (1900)
= Vittaria crispomarginata Christ; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 6: 1007 (1907)
= Vittaria elongata Sw.; Syn. Fil. [Swartz] 109: 302 (1806)
= Vittaria elongata var. latifolia Holttum
= Vittaria elongata var. samoensis Luerss.; (1874)
= Vittaria flaccida (Mett.) Hieron.; Hedwigia 67: 200 (1915)
= Vittaria formosana Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 89: 176 (1925)
= Vittaria hildebrandtii Hieron.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 68: 419 (1916)
= Vittaria hildebrandtii var. major Hieron.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 53: 421 (1915)
= Vittaria intermedia Blume; Enum. Pl. Javae 2: 199 (1828)
= Vittaria latissima Hieron.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 56: 171 (1920)
= Vittaria ledermannii Hieron.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 56: 166 (1920)
= Vittaria lloydiifolia Racib.; Pteridoph. Buitenzorg 59 (1898)
= Vittaria nervosa Christ; Nova Guinea 8: 156 (1909)
= Vittaria nymanii Hieron.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 56: 168 (1920)
= Vittaria pachystemma Christ; Philipp. J. Sci. 2: 174 (1907)
= Vittaria parvula Bory; Voy. Indes Or. [Bélanger] 2: 35 (1833)
= Vittaria pauciareolata Ching; Sinensia 1: 11 (1929)
= Vittaria philippinensis Christ; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 6: 1007 (1906)
= Vittaria plantaginea Hook. & Grev.; Icon. Filic. 2: t. 187 (1830), nom. illeg.
= Vittaria rigida Kaulf.; Enum. Filic. [Kaulfuss] 193 (1824)
= Vittaria rigida var. samoensis (Luerss.) C.Chr.; (1931)
= Vittaria rubens Hieron.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 56: 164 (1920)
= Vittaria scabricoma Copel.; Philipp. J. Sci. 6: 87 (1911)
= Vittaria semipellucida Hieron.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 66: 170 (1920)
= Vittaria squamosipes Alderw.; Nova Guinea 14: 58 (1924)
= Vittaria stuhlmannii Hieron.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 68: 421 (1915)
= Vittaria subcoriacea Christ; Philipp. J. Sci. 2: 175 (1907)
= Vittaria tortifrons Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 6: 162 (1916)
species :
Haplopteris ensata (Christ) C.W.Chen & S.Linds.; Gard. Bull. Singapore 70(1): 186 (2018)
Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hongkong, Yunnan); Bhutan; India (?Arunachal Pradesh, Assam State, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, West Bengal); NE-India; Myanmar; Thailand (widespread); Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam
36 CHI 40 BHU IND 41 CBD LAO MYA THA VIE
Remarks: flexuosa agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Vittaria chingii B.S.Wang; Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni 1961(2): 51 (1961), nom. nov.
= Vittaria ensata Christ; J. Bot. [Morot] 21: 240, 274 (1908)
= Vittaria latifolia Ching; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 171, t. 24(32) (1959), nom. illeg.
= Vittaria lauana Ching; Lingnan Sci. J. 21: 35 (1945)
species :
Haplopteris ensiformis (Sw.) E.H.Crane; Syst. Bot. 22: 514 (1997 publ. 1998)
Distribution: Tanzania; E-Zimbabwe; Madagascar; Mauritius; La Réunion; Seychelles; China (Hainan, S-Yunnan); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; S-India (Kerala, Tamil Nadu); ?Bangladesh; Thailand (C-Thailand to peninsular Thailand); Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (throughout); Singapore; Sumatra; Borneo (Mt. Kinabalu, Sabah, Sarawak, Kalimantan); Sulawesi; Palawan; Philippines; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, Lombok); Moluccas (Seram); New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Bismarck Arch. (Admiralty Isl., New Ireland, New Hanover); Solomon Isl. (Malaita, Mono, Pavuvu, Guadalcanal, Kirakira Isl., Kolombangara, New Georgia, Nggatokae, Ranongga, Rendova, Rennell, Tetepare, Vangunu, Vella Lavella); Australia (N-Northern Territory, SE-Queensland); Vanuatu; Tonga (Late Isl.); [Western] Samoa (Aleipata Isl., etc.); Austral Isl. (Tubuai); Easter Isl.; Easter Isl.; Palau (Babeldaob, Koror, Ngarakabesang, Malakal, Ulebsechel, Urukthapel); Northern Marianas (Sarigan, Rota Isl., Saipan, Tinian); Guam; Fed. States of Micronesia (Yap, Truk, Moen, Dublon, Sonsorol, Namoluk, Lukunor, Satawan, Nukuoro, Pohnpei, Pingelap, Kosrae); Marshall Isl.. (Namorik, Mili, Jaluit)
25 TAN 26 ZIM 29 MAU MDG REU SEY 36 CHI 38 NNS TAI 40 IND 41 CBD LAO THA VIE 42 BOR JAW LSI MLY MOL NWG PHI PLW SNG SUL SUM 43 BIS SOL 50 AUS 60 SAM TON VAN 61 AUI EAS 62 GUM MIC MRN PLU
Remarks: ensiformis agg.; contains probably cryptic species because of high molecular diversity (Chen et al. 2017)
Conservation Status: IUCN VU for India (Fraser-Jenkins 2012)
Synonyms: hidden
= Oetosis ensiformis (Sw.) Greene; Pittonia 4: 103 (1900)
= Vittaria bensei Alderw.; Bull. Dépt. Agric. Indes Néerl. 18: 19, 21 (1908)
= Vittaria elongata var. ensiformis (Sw.) C.Chr.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot., Ser. 2, 7(19: 420 (1912)
= Vittaria ensifolia Blume; Enum. Pl. Javae 2: 198 (1828)
= Vittaria ensiformis Sw.; Neue Schriften Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 2: 134, t. 7, f. 1 (1799)
= Vittaria ensiformis var. latifolia Holttum; Rev. Fl. Malaya 2: 614 (1955), nom. nud.
= Vittaria incurvata Cav.; Descr. Pl. [Cavanilles] 270 (1801)
= Vittaria montana Manickam; Indian Fern J. 5(1-2): 180 (1988) (fide Fraser-Jenkins 2008)
= Vittaria plantaginea Bory; Voy. Îles Afrique 2: 325 (1804)
= Vittaria sessilis Copel.; Philipp. J. Sci. 9: 231 (1914)
species :
Haplopteris exigua (Hieron.) comb.ined.
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
Synonyms: hidden
= Vittaria exigua Hieron.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 66: 172 (1920)
species :
Haplopteris flexuosa (Fée) E.H.Crane; Syst. Bot. 22: 514 (1997 publ. 1998)
Distribution: China (Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Tibet; South Korea (Cheju Isl.); Japan; Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam State, Himachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Sikkim, Nagaland, ?Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, West Bengal); Bangladesh; Myanmar (Kachin, Chin, etc.); Thailand (widespread); Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia
36 CHI TIB 38 JAP KOR NNS TAI 40 BAN BHU IND NEP 41 CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 MLY
Remarks: flexuosa agg.; contains probably cryptic species because of high molecular diversity (Chen et al. 2017)
Synonyms: hidden
= Haplopteris modesta (Hand.-Mazz.) E.H.Crane; Syst. Bot. 22(3): 514 (1998)
= Taeniopsis lineata Bedd.; Ferns S. India, t. 54 (1863)
= Vittaria arunachalensis R.D.Dixit; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 3(3): 959 (1982 publ. 1983) (fide Fraser-Jenkins 1997)
= Vittaria caricina Christ; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 109 (1904)
= Vittaria costularis Ching; Sinensia 1: 185, fig. (1931)
= Vittaria filipes Christ; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot., Sér. 3, 17: 150 (1907)
= Vittaria flexuosa Fée; Mém. Foug. 3 (Hist. Vittar.): 16 (1852)
= Vittaria flexuosa var. filipes Tardieu & C.Chr.; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 7: 12 (1938)
= Vittaria flexuosa var. japonica (Miq.) C.Chr.; Index Filic., Suppl. Tert. 194 (1934)
= Vittaria japonica Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 3: 169 (1867)
= Vittaria lanceola Christ; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 1, 4: 674 (1896)
= Vittaria modesta Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 6: 42 (1929)
= Vittaria nana Ching; Sinensia 1: 11 (1929)
= Vittaria ophiopogonoides Ching; Sinensia 1(12): 186 (1931)
= Vittaria revoluta D.Don; Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 15 (Dec. 1824), non Willd. ex Kaulf. (May 1824)
= Vittaria suberecta Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 6: 161 (1916)
species :
Haplopteris fudzinoi (Makino) E.H.Crane; Syst. Bot. 22: 514 (1997 publ. 1998)
Distribution: China (?Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Japan; India (Arunachal Pradesh)
36 CHI 38 JAP 40 IND
Remarks: taeniophylla agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Vittaria fudzinoi Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 6: 47 (1892), nomen, et Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 12: 28 (1898)
= Vittaria japonica var. sessilis D.C.Eaton ex Yoshin.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 4: 93 (1890), nom. nud.
= Vittaria sessilis (D.C.Eaton ex Yoshin.) Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 1: 6 (1916), non Copel. (1914)
= Vittaria suberosa Christ; Mém. Soc. Bot. France 1 [Hist. Acrostich.]: 12 (1905)
species :
Haplopteris graminea (Poir.) C.W.Chen, S.Linds. & Schuettp.; Kew Bull. 76(2): 323 (2021)
Distribution: Madagascar; Mauritius; La Réunion; Seychelles
29 MAU MDG REU SEY
Remarks: graminea agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Caenopteris graminea (Poir.) Schkuhr; Deutschl. Krypt. Gew. 1: t.87 (1809)
= Grammitis pumila Sw.; Syn. Fil. [Swartz] 214, 419 (1806)
= Monogramma graminea (Poir.) Schkuhr; Deutschl. Krypt. Gew. 1: 82 (1809)
= Monogramma linearis Kaulf.; Berlin. Jahrb. Pharm. Verbundenen Wiss. 21: 44 (1820), nom. superfl.
= Pteris graminea Poir.; Encycl. [J. Lamarck et al.] 5: 708 (1804)
species :
Haplopteris guineensis (Desv.) E.H.Crane; Syst. Bot. 22(3): 514 (1998)
Distribution: Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Principe Isl.; São Tomé; Annobon Isl.; Equatorial Guinea (Rio Muni); Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Uganda; Angola
22 BEN GHA GUI IVO LBR NGA SIE TOG 23 ANN BIO CAF CMN CON EQG GAB PRI SAO ZAI 25 UGA 26 ANG
Remarks: graminea agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Pteris guineensis (Desv.) Desv.; Mem. Soc. Linn. Paris 6(2): 293 (1827)
= Vittaria congoensis Christ; Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot., Sér. 5, 1: 9, t. 1 (1903) ex De Wild., Miss. Émile Laurent 1: 9, t. 1 (1905)
= Vittaria guineensis Desv.; Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Gesammten Naturk. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 5: 325 (1811)
= Vittaria guineensis var. cancellata Hieron.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 53: 425 (1915)
variant :
var. camerooniana (Schelpe) comb.ined.
Distribution: Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]
23 BIO CMN
Synonyms: hidden
= Vittaria guineensis var. camerooniana Schelpe; Contr. Bolus Herb. 1: 23 (1969)
variant :
var. orientalis (Hieron.) comb.ined.
Distribution: Liberia; Togo; Cameroon; São Tomé; Congo [Brazzaville]; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique
22 LBR TOG 23 BUR CMN CON RWA SAO ZAI 24 ETH 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM
Synonyms: hidden
= Vittaria guineensis var. orientalis Hieron.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 53: 426 (1915)
species :
Haplopteris hainanensis (C.Chr. ex Ching) E.H.Crane; Syst. Bot. 22: 514 (1997 publ. 1998)
Distribution: China (Hainan)
36 CHI
Remarks: ensiformis agg.; not a synonym of H. elongata based on molecular results (Cheng et al. 2024)
Synonyms: hidden
= Vittaria hainanensis C.Chr. ex Ching; Sinensia 1: 182, f. 1 (1931)
species :
Haplopteris heterophylla C.W.Chen, Y.H.Chang & Yea C.Liu; Syst. Bot. 38(4): 901-909 (2014)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
Remarks: flexuosa agg.
species :
Haplopteris hirta (Fée) S.Linds.; Gard. Bull. Singapore 62(1): 119 (2010)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (once collected, Pahang); Borneo (Sarawak, Sabah)
42 BOR MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Vittaria hirta Fée; Mém. Foug. 10 (Icon. Esp. Nouv.): 12, t. 31, f. 4 (1865)
= Vittaria pumila Mett.; Linnaea 36: 65 (1869)
species :
Haplopteris humblotii (Hieron.) S.Linds. & C.W.Chen; Gard. Bull. Singapore 66(2): 170 (2014)
Distribution: Madagascar; Comores (Anjouan)
29 COM MDG
Remarks: graminea agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Vittaria humblotii Hieron.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 68: 427 (1915)
species :
Haplopteris linearifolia (Ching) X.C.Zhang; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 40: 460 (2003)
Distribution: China (Yunnan); Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Uttarakhand); Myanmar
36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP 41 MYA
Remarks: taeniophylla agg. Valid species fide Chen et al. 2013 / 2017, possibly to be included in H. mediosora fide Fraser-Jenkins et al. 2017
Synonyms: hidden
= Vittaria linearifolia Ching; Sinensia 1(12): 183, t. 1, f. 1-3 (1931)
= Vittaria doniana var. angustata Hieron.; Hedwigia 57(3): 205-206 (1915)
= Vittaria tibetica Ching & S.K.Wu; Fl. Xizang. 1: 106 (1983) (fide Fraser-Jenkins et al. 2017)
species :
Haplopteris longicoma (Christ) E.H.Crane; Syst. Bot. 22(3): 514 (1997)
Distribution: Borneo (Sarawak, Sabah, Kalimantan)
42 BOR
Remarks: ensiformis agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Vittaria longicoma Christ; Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, Ser. 2, 6: 129 (1905)
species :
Haplopteris malayensis (Holttum) E.H.Crane; Syst. Bot. 22(3): 514 (1997)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Fraser´s Hill, Cameron Highlands, Pahang); Sumatra; Borneo
42 BOR MLY SUM
Remarks: taeniophylla agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Vittaria malayensis Holttum; Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 4: 409, fig. (1929)
species :
Haplopteris mediosora (Hayata) X.C.Zhang; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 40: 460 (2003)
Distribution: China (W-Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet; Taiwan; Japan; Myanmar (Kachin)
36 CHI TIB 38 JAP TAI 41 MYA
Remarks: taeniophylla agg.
Conservation Status: VU in Taiwan
Synonyms: hidden
= Haplopteris mediosora (Hayata) Nakaike; J. Nippon Fernist Club 3(Suppl. 2): 96 (2004), isonym
= Vittaria mediosora Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 6: 346, f. 149 g-i (1915)
species :
Haplopteris microlepis (Hieron.) Mazumdar; Int. J. Advanced Res. 3(2): 5061 (2017)
Distribution: India (Kerala, Tamil Nadu); Sri Lanka
40 IND SRL
Conservation Status: IUCN EN for India (Fraser-Jenkins 2012)
Synonyms: hidden
= Vittaria microlepis Hieron.; Hedwigia 57: 202 (1916)
= Vittaria microlepis var. thwaitesii Hieron.; Hedwigia 57(3): 203 (1915)
species :
Haplopteris mindanaoensis S.Linds. & C.W.Chen; Gard. Bull. Singapore 70(1): 184 (2018)
Distribution: Philippines (Mindanao)
42 PHI
Remarks: ensiformis agg.
species :
Haplopteris owariensis (Fée) E.H.Crane; Syst. Bot. 22(3): 514 (1997)
Distribution: Liberia; Ghana; Nigeria; Principe Isl.; São Tomé; Annobon Isl.; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; D.R.Congo [Zaire]
22 GHA LBR NGA 23 ANN CON GAB PRI SAO ZAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Vittaria owariensis Fée; Mém. Foug. 3 (Hist. Vittar.): 21, t. 3, f. 2 (1851)
species :
Haplopteris palustris C.W.Chen, S.Linds. & Cicuzza; Syst. Bot. 49(1): 233 (2024)
Distribution: Sumatra; peninsular Malaysia; Borneo (Sarawak); Brunei
42 BOR BRN MLY SUM
Remarks: ensiformis agg.
species :
Haplopteris pluridichotoma (Bonap.) C.W.Chen, S.Linds. & Cicuzza; Kew Bull. 76(2): 324 (2021)
Distribution: Borneo
42 BOR
Remarks: taeniophylla agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Vittaria pluridichotoma Bonap.; Notes Ptéridol. 13: 223 (1921)
= Vittaria dichotoma K.Iwats. & M.Kato; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 34(1-3): 64 (1983)
species :
Haplopteris plurisulcata (Ching) X.C.Zhang; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 40: 461 (2003)
Distribution: China (W-Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet; N-Vietnam
36 CHI TIB 41 VIE
Remarks: taeniophylla agg. Not in Taiwan
Synonyms: hidden
= Vittaria plurisulcata Ching; Sinensia 1: 186, f. 4 (1931)
species :
Haplopteris reekmansii (Pic.Serm.) C.W.Chen & S.Linds.; Kew Bull. 76(2): 325 (2021)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi
23 BUR RWA ZAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Vittaria reekmansii Pic.Serm.; Webbia 32(1): 73 (1977)
species :
Haplopteris schaeferi (Hieron.) C.W.Chen & S.Linds.; Kew Bull. 76(2): 325 (2021)
Distribution: Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Equatorial Guinea (Rio Muni)
23 BIO CMN EQG
Conservation Status: IUCN R
Synonyms: hidden
= Vittaria schaeferi Hieron.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 53: 430 (1915)
species :
Haplopteris schliebenii (Reimers) Schuettp.; Taxon 65(4): 718 (2016)
Distribution: Tanzania (Uluguru Mts.)
25 TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Vittaria schliebenii Reimers; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11: 924 (1933)
= Vittaria volkensii var. schliebenii (Reimers) Schelpe; Contr. Bolus Herb. 1: 24 (1969)
species :
Haplopteris scolopendrina (Bory) C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 141, t. 5, f. 21 (1836)
Distribution: Madagascar; Mauritius; La Réunion; ?Seychelles; Sri Lanka; peninsular Thailand; peninsular Malaysia; Sumatra; Borneo (Sabah); Sulawesi; Philippines; Moluccas (Seram); New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Bismarck Arch. (Admiralty Isl.); Solomon Isl. (Guadalcanal, Kolombangara, Santa Ysabel, Vella Lavella); Fiji (Viti Levu, Ovalau, Taveuni); [Western] Samoa (Savai´i, ´Upolu)
29 MAU MDG REU 40 SRL 41 THA 42 BOR MLY MOL NWG PHI SUL SUM 43 BIS SOL 60 FIJ SAM
Remarks: taeniophylla agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Pteris scolopendrina Bory; Voy. Îles Afrique 2: 323 (1804)
= Pteropsis scolopendrina (Bory) Desv.; Mem. Soc. Linn. Paris 6(2): 218 (1827)
= Taeniopsis forbesii T.Moore; Index Fil. [T. Moore] 33 (1857)
= Taeniopsis richiana Brack.; U.S. Expl. Exped., Filic. 16: 60 (1854)
= Taeniopsis scolopendrina (Bory) J.Sm.; J. Bot. [Hooker] 4: 67 (1841)
= Taeniopsis zeylanica (Fée) T.Moore; Index Fil. [T. Moore] 33 (1857)
= Taeniopteris forbesii Hook.; Gen. Fil. [Hooker] t. 76 (1842)
= Vittaria forbesii Fée; Mém. Foug. 3 (Hist. Vittar.): 14 (1851)
= Vittaria latipes Fée; Mém. Foug. 10 (Icon. Esp. Nouv.): 11, t. 31, f. 3 (1865)
= Vittaria scolopendrina (Bory) Thwaites; Enum. Pl. Zeyl. [Thwaites] 381 (1864)
= Vittaria scolopendrioides Mett.; Fil. Hort. Bot. Lips. 25 (1856) (err.)
= Vittaria zeylanica Fée; Mém. Foug. 3 (Hist. Vittar.): 15, t. 1 t 3 (1851)
species :
Haplopteris sessilifrons (Miyam. & H.Ohba) S.Linds.; Gard. Bull. Singapore 67(1): 40 (2015)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Gunung Tahan, Pahang)
42 MLY
Remarks: ensiformis agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Vittaria sessilifrons Miyam. & H.Ohba; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 43(1): 33 (1992)
species :
Haplopteris sikkimensis (Kuhn) E.H.Crane; Syst. Bot. 22: 514 (1997)
Distribution: China (Yunnan); Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam State, Manipur, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, West Bengal); Myanmar (Kachin, etc.); N-Thailand; N-Vietnam
36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP 41 MYA THA VIE
Remarks: ensiformis agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Vittaria sikkimensis Kuhn; Linnaea 36: 66 (1869)
species :
Haplopteris stenophylla (Copel.) C.W.Chen & S.Linds.; Kew Bull. 76(2): 325 (2021)
Distribution: Philippines (Luzon)
42 PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Vittaria stenophylla Copel.; Philipp. J. Sci. 40: 312 (1929)
species :
Haplopteris taeniophylla (Copel.) E.H.Crane; Syst. Bot. 22: 514 (1997 publ. 1998)
Distribution: China (Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, West Bengal); Myanmar (Kachin, Chin, etc.); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; Sulawesi; Philippines (Luzon)
36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP 41 CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 PHI SUL
Remarks: taeniophylla agg. Inclusion of H. himalayensis, doniana and forrestiana fide Chen et al. (2017)
Synonyms: hidden
= Haplopteris doniana (Mett. ex Hieron.) E.H.Crane; Syst. Bot. 22: 514 (1997 publ. 1998)
= Haplopteris forrestiana (Ching) E.H.Crane; Syst. Bot. 22: 514 (1997 publ. 1998)
= Haplopteris himalayensis (Ching) E.H.Crane; Syst. Bot. 22: 514 (1997 publ. 1998)
= Vittaria arisanensis Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 4: 243, f. 169 (1914), t. 346, f. 149 b-c (1915)
= Vittaria doniana Mett. ex Hieron.; Hedwigia 57: 204 (1915)
= Vittaria doniana var. angusta Hieron.; Hedwigia 57(3): 205 (1915)
= Vittaria doniana var. intermedia Hieron.; Hedwigia 57: 205 (1915)
= Vittaria forrestiana Ching; Sinensia 1(12): 191 (1931)
= Vittaria garhwalensis R.D.Dixit; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 2: 218, f. 18 (1981) (fide Fraser-Jenkins et al. 2015)
= Vittaria himalayensis Ching; Sinensia 1(12): 190 (1931)
= Vittaria himalayensis var. elongata Ching; Sinensia 1(12): 190-191 (1931)
= Vittaria taeniophylla Copel.; Philipp. J. Sci. 1, Suppl. 2: 157 (1906)
= Vittaria wattii R.D.Dixit & N.C.Nair; New Botanist, Int. Quart. J. Pl. Sci. Res. 5: 41, f. 1-5 (1978) (fide Fraser-Jenkins 1997)
species :
Haplopteris vittarioides (Thouars) comb.ined.
Name: Bootlace Fern
Distribution: Gough Isl.; Tristan da Cunha (incl. Nightingale Isl., Inaccessible Isl.)
91 TDC
Remarks: taeniophylla agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Pteris vittarioides Thouars; Esquisse Fl. Tristan d´Acugna 31, t. 1 (1804)
= Taeniopsis revoluta (Willd. ex Kaulf.) J.Sm.; J. Bot. [Hooker] 4: 67 (1841)
= Vittaria revoluta Willd. ex Kaulf.; Enum. Filic. [Kaulfuss] 193 (1824)
= Vittaria stricta Carmich.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 12: 513 (1818)
= Vittaria vittarioides (Thouars) C.Chr.; Index Filic. 655 (1907)
species :
Haplopteris volkensii (Hieron.) E.H.Crane; Syst. Bot. 22: 514 (1997)
Distribution: Congo [Brazzaville]; Sudan; Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique
23 CON 24 ETH SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM
Remarks: graminea agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Vittaria volkensii Hieron.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 63: 428 (1915)
species :
Haplopteris winitii (Tagawa & K.Iwats.) S.Linds.; Edinburgh J. Bot. 66(2): 357 (2009)
Distribution: Thailand (Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang)
41 THA
Conservation Status: DD in Thailand
Synonyms: hidden
= Antrophyum winitii Tagawa & K.Iwats.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 23: 176, f. 13 (1969)
species :
Haplopteris yakushimensis C.W.Chen & Ebihara; Phytotaxa 156(4): 232 (2014)
Distribution: Japan (Yakushima Isl.); Taiwan; Vietnam
38 JAP NNS TAI 41 VIE
Remarks: flexuosa agg.
species :
Haplopteris zosterifolia (Willd.) E.H.Crane; Syst. Bot. 22: 514 (1997 publ. 1998)
Distribution: Madagascar; Comores (Anjouan, Mayotte); Mauritius; La Réunion; Seychelles; Bonin Isl. (Chichijima, Hahajima); Volcano Isl. (Kita-Iwojima); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam State, Karnataka, Kerala, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tripura, West Bengal); Sri Lanka; Andaman Isl.; Nicobar Isl.; Myanmar; Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; Borneo (Mt. Kinabalu, Sabah, Sarawak, Kalimantan); Sulawesi; Philippines; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, Flores); Moluccas (Seram); New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Bismarck Arch. (Admiralty Isl.); Solomon Isl. (Kolombangara, Pavuvu); New Caledonia; Marquesas Isl. (Nuku Hiva, Ua Huka, Ua Pou, Fatu Hiva); Hawaii (Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Lanai, Maui, Hawaii Isl.)
29 COM MAU MDG REU SEY 38 KZN OGA 40 BHU IND NEP SRL 41 AND CBD LAO MYA NCB THA VIE 42 BOR JAW LSI MOL NWG PHI SUL 43 BIS SOL 60 NWC 61 MRQ 63 HAW
Remarks: ensiformis agg.; frequently included in H. elongata. At least part of the distribution and many names belong to H. elongata
Synonyms: hidden
= Oetosis zosterifolia (Willd.) Greene; Pittonia 4: 103 (1900)
= Vittaria angustifrons Bory; Voy. Îles Afrique 2: 324 (1804) (non Michx (1803))
= Vittaria bisulcata Kunze; Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 445 (1846)
= Vittaria confusa E.Fourn.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 5, 18: 276 (1873)
= Vittaria copelandii Alderw.; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, Sér. 2, VII: 28 (1912)
= Vittaria elongata var. angustifolia Holttum ex N.P.Balakr.; Bull. Bot. Surv. India 22(1-4): 137 (1980 publ. 1982) (fide Fraser-Jenkins 1997)
= Vittaria elongata var. merrillii (Christ) Tardieu & C.Chr.; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 7: 11 (1938)
= Vittaria loricea Fée; Mém. Foug. 3 (Hist. Vittar.): 14, t. 1, f. 2 (1851)
= Vittaria merrillii Christ; Philipp. J. Sci. 2: 174 (1907)
= Vittaria ogasawarensis Kodama; Icon. Pl. Koisikav. 3: 1 (1915)
= Vittaria planipes Kunze; Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 197 (1848)
= Vittaria zosterifolia Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 5(1): 406 (1810)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.03 (March 6th, 2025)

Covering 356,112 accepted species,
8,776 hybrids, 48,085 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,454 synonyms,
in total 1,415,427* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

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With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life