496.0000 Family Oleaceae Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 1: 62 (1809), nom. cons.

26 genera, ca. 740 spp. Systematics according to Wallander & Albert (1999)

Species listed in database: 752; hybrids: 8

496.0531 Genus Fraxinus Tourn. ex L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1057 (1753)

Distribution: temp. Northern Hemisphere, esp. Mediterranean, E-Asia, and North America (a few species extending to tropics)

Species listed in database: 58; hybrids: 5

species :

Fraxinus albicans Buckley; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 4 (1862 publ. 1863)

Name: Texas ash

Distribution: USA (Oklahoma, Texas); Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León)

74 USA 77 USA 79 MEX

Remarks: americana agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Fraxinus americana var. albicans (Buckley) Lingelsh.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 40: 219 (1907)

= Fraxinus americana subsp. texensis (A.Gray) G.S.Mill.; Cornell Univ. Agric. Exp. Sta. Mem. 335: 36 (1955)

= Fraxinus americana var. texensis A.Gray; Syn. Fl. N. Amer., ed. 2, 2(1): 75 (1886)

= Fraxinus texensis (A.Gray) Sarg.; Silva [Sargent] 6: 47 (1894)

species :

Fraxinus americana L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1057 (1753)

Name: White ash (EN), Weiß-Esche (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Slovakia [I]; Hungary [I]; Croatia [I]; Bosnia & Hercegovina [I]; Lithuania [I]; Kazakhstan [I]; Uzbekistan [I]; South Korea [I]; Canada (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Québec); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Vermont, Wisconsin, West Virginia); Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León); Peru [I]

11 ger hun slo 13 bih cro 14 lit 32 kaz uzb 38 kor 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 83 per

Remarks: americana agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Aplilia macrophyla (Hoffmanns.) Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 3: 93 (1838)

= Calycomelia acuminata (Lam.) Kostel.; Allg. Med.-Pharm. Fl. 3: 1004 (1834)

= Calycomelia alba (Marshall) Kostel.; Ind. Hort. Bot. Prag. 26 (1844)

= Calycomelia americana (L.) Kostel.; Allg. Med.-Pharm. Fl. 3: 1004 (1834)

= Calycomelia epiptera (Michx.) Kostel.; Ind. Hort. Bot. Prag. 26 (1844)

= Calycomelia juglandifolia (Lam.) Kostel.; Allg. Med.-Pharm. Fl. 3: 1004 (1834)

= Calycomelia pistaciifolia Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 187 (1914)

= Calycomelia viridis (Bosc) Kostel.; Ind. Hort. Bot. Prag. 26 (1844)

= Fraxinoides alba (Marshall) Medik.; Beytr. Pfl.-Anat. 399 (1800)

= Fraxinus acuminata Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2: 547 (1788)

= Fraxinus alba Marshall; Arbust. Amer. 51 (1785)

= Fraxinus americana f. acuminata (Lam.) Voss; Vilm. Blumengärtn. ed. 3, 1: 645 (1894)

= Fraxinus americana f. ascidiata (Meun.) Rehder; Bibl. Cult. Trees 557 (1949)

= Fraxinus americana f. barrii W.H.Wagner; Michigan Bot. 27: 130 (1988)

= Fraxinus americana f. iodocarpa Fernald; Rhodora 14: 192 (1912)

= Fraxinus americana f. lasiophylla Fernald; Rhodora 50: 189 (1948)

= Fraxinus americana var. acuminata (Lam.) K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(1): 253 (1872)

= Fraxinus americana var. alba (Marshall) Weston; Bot. Univ. 1: 110 (1770)

= Fraxinus americana var. ascidiata Meun.; Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 76: 335 (1924)

= Fraxinus americana var. crassifolia Sarg.; Man. Trees, ed. 2: 841 (1922)

= Fraxinus americana var. curtissii (Vasey) Sudw.; Bull. Div. Forest. U. S. D. A. 14: 327 (1897)

= Fraxinus americana var. epiptera (Michx.) Wesm.; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 31(1): 107 (1892)

= Fraxinus americana var. glauca C.K.Schneid.; Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. [C.K.Schneider] 2: 824 (1912)

= Fraxinus americana var. juglandifolia (Lam.) K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(1): 253 (1872)

= Fraxinus americana var. latifolia (Vahl) Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 2: 1232 (1838)

= Fraxinus americana var. longifolia (Vahl) Wesm.; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 31(1): 109 (1892)

= Fraxinus americana var. macrophylla C.K.Schneid.; Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. [C.K.Schneider] 2: 824 (1912)

= Fraxinus americana var. microcarpa A.Gray; Syn. Fl. N. Amer., ed. 2, 2(1): 75 (1886)

= Fraxinus canadensis Gaertn.; Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1: 222 (1788)

= Fraxinus carolinensis Wangenh.; Beytr. Teut. Forstwiss. 81 (1787)

= Fraxinus caroliniana var. latifolia (Vahl) Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4: 1103 (1806)

= Fraxinus caroliniana Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4: 1103 (1806), nom. illeg.

= Fraxinus curtissii Vasey; Cat. For. Trees U. S.: 20 (1876)

= Fraxinus discolor Muhl.; Cat. Pl. Amer. Sept. 111 (1813)

= Fraxinus discolor var. juglandifolia (Lam.) Muhl.; Cat. Pl. Amer. Sept. 96 (1813)

= Fraxinus epiptera Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Michaux] 2: 256 (1803)

= Fraxinus glauca Raf.; Alsogr. Amer. 33 (1838)

= Fraxinus grandifolia Raf.; Alsogr. Amer. 38 (1838)

= Fraxinus juglandifolia Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2: 548 (1788)

= Fraxinus juglandifolia var. subserrata Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4: 1104 (1806)

= Fraxinus macrophylla Hoffmanns.; Verz. Pfl.-Kult., Nachtr. 2: 120 (1828)

= Fraxinus nigra var. juglandifolia (Lam.) Castigl.; Viagg. Stati Uniti 2: 244 (1790)

= Fraxinus pistaciifolia E.Hall ex A.Gray; Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 2(1): 75 (1878), nom. illeg.

= Fraxinus pubescens var. latifolia Vahl; Enum. Pl. [Vahl] 1: 52 (1804)

= Fraxinus villosa Dum.Cours.; Bot. Cult., ed. 2, 2: 582 (1811)

= Fraxinus viridis Bosc; Mém. Cl. Sci. Math. Inst. Natl. France 9: 209 (1808 publ. 1811)

= Leptalix acuminata (Lam.) Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 2: 93 (1837)

= Leptalix alba (Marshall) Raf.; Alsogr. Amer. 32 (1838)

= Leptalix epiptera (Michx.) Raf.; Alsogr. Amer. 33 (1838)

= Leptalix glauca Raf.; Alsogr. Amer. 33 (1838)

= Leptalix grandifolia Raf.; Alsogr. Amer. 38 (1838)

= Leptalix juglandifolia (Lam.) Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 2: 93 (1837)

= Leptalix viridis (Bosc) Raf.; Alsogr. Amer. 32 (1838)

= Ornanthes americana (L.) Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 2: 93 (1837)

= Ornus americana (L.) Bosc; Mém. Cl. Sci. Math. Inst. Natl. France 9(2): 216 (1808 publ. 1811)

species :

Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl; Enum. Pl. [Vahl] 1: 52 (1804), nom. cons.

subspecies :

subsp. angustifolia

Name: Quirl-Esche (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Portugal; Spain; Baleares; France; Sicily; North Macedonia; Bulgaria; Algeria; Canary Isl. [I] ; South Africa [I] (W-Cape Prov. [I]); Armenia; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iran (W-Iran); Afghanistan (Farah, Herat, Kabul, Kandahar); Bolivia [c]

11 ger 12 BAL FRA POR SPA 13 BUL NMA SIC 20 ALG 21 cny 27 saf 33 ARM 34 AFG IRN TUR 83 bol

Synonyms: hidden

= Fraxinus americana var. calabriensis Weston; Bot. Univ. 1: 110 (1770)

= Fraxinus angustifolia f. lanceolata Cout.; Fl. Portugal 568 (1913)

= Fraxinus angustifolia f. pendula (Loudon) Rehder; Bibl. Cult. Trees 561 (1949)

= Fraxinus angustifolia var. lentiscifolia (Desf.) A.Henry; H. J. Elwes & A. Henry, Trees England 4: 880 (1909)

= Fraxinus angustifolia var. pannonica Fukarek; Glasn. Sumska Pokuse 14: 229 (1960)

= Fraxinus angustifolia var. rostrata (Guss.) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 4: 146 (1897)

= Fraxinus angustifolia var. rotundifolia (Mill.) A.Henry; Elwes & Henry, Trees Great Britain 4: 866 (1909), nom. superfl.

= Fraxinus calabrica Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 90 (1889), nom. inval.

= Fraxinus dentata Tausch; Flora (Regensburg) 21: 751 (1838)

= Fraxinus elongatifolia Sennen; Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.) 1917: no. 3112 (1917), et Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n. s. 69: 110 (1922 publ. 1923)

= Fraxinus excelsior proles angustifolia (Vahl) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 4: 144 (1897)

= Fraxinus excelsior proles parvifolia Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 4: 144 (1897)

= Fraxinus excelsior subsp. angustifolia (Vahl) Wesm.; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 31(1): 100 (1892)

= Fraxinus excelsior subsp. parvifolia (Boiss.) Wesm.; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 31(1): 101 (1892)

= Fraxinus excelsior subsp. parvifolia (Dum.Cours.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 466 (1882)

= Fraxinus excelsior subsp. rostrata (Guss.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 466 (1882)

= Fraxinus excelsior var. angustifolia (Vahl) Fiori & Paol.; Fl. Anal. Italia [Fiori, Béguinot & Paoletti] 2: 341 (1902)

= Fraxinus excelsior var. parvifolia Dum.Cours.; Bot. Cult. 1: 711 (1802)

= Fraxinus excelsior var. rostrata (Guss.) Wesm.; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 31(1): 95 (1892)

= Fraxinus humilior Garsault; Fig. Pl. Anim. Med., t. 97 a (1764), Descr. Pl. Anim. 70 (1767), Thell. in Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 8: 785

= Fraxinus lentiscifolia Desf.; Tabl. École Bot. 52 (1804)

= Fraxinus lentiscifolia f. pendula-vera Schelle; L. Beissner, E. Schelle & H. Zabel, Handb. Laubholzben. 412 (1903), nomen

= Fraxinus lentiscifolia var. nana Jacob-Makoy; Nursery Cat. (L. Jacob-Makoy & Co.) 114: 12 (1870)

= Fraxinus lentiscifolia var. pendula Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 2: 1231 (1838)

= Fraxinus mixta Bosc; Mém. Cl. Sci. Math. Inst. Natl. France 9(2): 213 (1808 publ. 1811)

= Fraxinus obtusa Willk. & Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 3: 564 (1878)

= Fraxinus orientalis Colla; Herb. Pedem. 4: 117 (1835)

= Fraxinus ornus var. parvifolia (Dum.Cours.) Ten.; Syll. Pl. Fl. Neapol. 11 (1831)

= Fraxinus oxycarpa f. edentata (Dippel) Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.I, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Frax.): 56 (1920)

= Fraxinus oxycarpa f. hartwegii Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.I, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Frax.): 55 (1920)

= Fraxinus oxycarpa f. pendula (Loudon) Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.I, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Frax.): 55 (1920), nom. illeg.

= Fraxinus oxycarpa subsp. edentata Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 90 (1889)

= Fraxinus oxycarpa subsp. parvifolia (Boiss.) Yalt.; Istanbul Üniv. Orman Fak. Derg., A 21: 157 (1971)

= Fraxinus oxycarpa var. angustifolia (Vahl) Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.I, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Frax.): 55 (1920)

= Fraxinus oxycarpa var. parvifolia (Boiss.) Wenz.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 4: 175 (1883)

= Fraxinus oxycarpa var. petiolulata Kárpáti; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 2: 278 (1956)

= Fraxinus oxycarpa var. rostrata (Guss.) Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.I, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Frax.): 55 (1920)

= Fraxinus oxyphylla subsp. angustifolia (Vahl) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 868 (1938), nom. illeg.

= Fraxinus oxyphylla subsp. parvifolia P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 868 (1938)

= Fraxinus oxyphylla var. angustifolia (Vahl) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 868 (1938)

= Fraxinus oxyphylla var. obtusa Gren. & Godr.; Fl. France [Grenier] 2: 472 (1853)

= Fraxinus oxyphylla var. parvifolia (Dum.Cours.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4(1): 40 (1875)

= Fraxinus oxyphylla var. rostrata (Guss.) Gren. & Godr.; Fl. France [Grenier] 2: 472 (1853)

= Fraxinus parviflora Ten.; Syll. Pl. Fl. Neapol. 11 (1831)

= Fraxinus parvifolia f. pendula (Loudon) Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 94 (1889)

= Fraxinus parvifolia Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2: 546 (1788), nom. illeg.

= Fraxinus parvifolia var. tarraconensis Sennen; Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.) 1927: 5950 (1927)

= Fraxinus rostrata Guss.; Pl. Rar. 374 (1826)

= Fraxinus rotundifolia f. pendula (Loudon) Rehder; Stand. Cycl. Hort. 3: 1277 (1915)

= Fraxinus rotundifolia Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: Fraxinus n. 2 (1768) (nom. rej. prop.)

= Fraxinus salicifolia Colla; Herb. Pedem. 4: 116 (1835)

= Leptalix mixta (Bosc) Raf.; Alsogr. Amer. 32 (1838)

= Ornanthes parviflora (Ten.) Raf.; Alsogr. Amer. 40 (1838)

= Ornanthes rotundifolia (Mill.) Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 2: 93 (1837)

= Ornus mammifera Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel] 1: 575 (1821), pro syn.

= Ornus rotundifolia (Mill.) Moench; Methodus [Moench] 55 (1794)

subspecies :

subsp. oxycarpa (M.Bieb. ex Willd.) Franco & Rocha Afonso; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 64: 377 (1971)

Distribution: Austria; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Spain [I]; Gibraltar; Baleares [I]; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; San Marino [c]; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (scattered N- & C-Greece, N-Peloponnisos, Kerkyra, Samothraki); Ukraine [I]; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia

11 AUT CZE HUN SLO 12 bal COR FRA GIB SAR spa 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV sma SRB TUE 14 KRY ukr 20 ALG MOR TUN

Synonyms: hidden

= Fraxinus angustifolia f. acuminata Jovan.; Fl. Srbije 5: 614 (1973)

= Fraxinus angustifolia f. acuta Jovan.; Fl. Srbije 5: 614 (1973)

= Fraxinus angustifolia f. deltoides Jovan.; Fl. Srbije 5: 614 (1973)

= Fraxinus angustifolia f. elliptica Jovan.; Fl. Srbije 5: 614 (1973)

= Fraxinus angustifolia f. fukarekii Jovan.; Fl. Srbije 5: 614 (1973)

= Fraxinus angustifolia f. lanceolata Jovan.; Fl. Srbije 5: 615 (1973), nom. illeg.

= Fraxinus angustifolia f. lancifoliolata Jovan.; Fl. Srbije 5: 614 (1973)

= Fraxinus angustifolia f. latiptera Jovan.; Fl. Srbije 5: 614 (1973)

= Fraxinus angustifolia f. monophylla (Dippel) Rehder; Bibl. Cult. Trees 562 (1949)

= Fraxinus angustifolia f. obtusiuscula Jovan.; Fl. Srbije 5: 614 (1973)

= Fraxinus angustifolia f. oxycarpa (M.Bieb. ex Willd.) P.D.Sell; Fl. Great Britain Ireland 3: 521 (2009)

= Fraxinus angustifolia f. purpurascens P.D.Sell; Fl. Great Britain Ireland 3: 521 (2009)

= Fraxinus angustifolia f. serrata Jovan.; Fl. Srbije 5: 613 (1973)

= Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. danubialis Pouzar; Ceska Mykol. 26: 129 (1972)

= Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. microphylla Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 91 (1889)

= Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. pannonica Soó & T.Simon; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 6: 148 (1960)

= Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. pyramidalis Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 91 (1889)

= Fraxinus angustifolia var. algeriensis (Lingelsh.) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 4: 1095 (1941)

= Fraxinus angustifolia var. australis (Cambess.) C.K.Schneid.; Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. [C.K.Schneider] 2: 833 (1912)

= Fraxinus angustifolia var. cuspidata Maire & Trab.; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 22: 306 (1931)

= Fraxinus angustifolia var. numidica (Dippel) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 3: 574 (1934)

= Fraxinus angustifolia var. obtusa Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 4: 146 (1897)

= Fraxinus angustifolia var. oxycarpa (M.Bieb. ex Willd.) Fukarek; Glasn. Sumska Pokuse 14: 227 (1960), nom. superfl.

= Fraxinus angustifolia var. subrostrata Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 29: 436 (1938)

= Fraxinus australis (Cambess.) J.Gay; Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.) 1850: 645 (1850)

= Fraxinus australis Mont. ex Gren. & Godr.; Fl. France [Grenier] 2: 472 (1853), nom. illeg.

= Fraxinus edentata Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 90 (1889)

= Fraxinus elonza Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 87 (1889)

= Fraxinus excelsior proles australis (Cambess.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 4: 144 (1897)

= Fraxinus excelsior proles oxycarpa (M.Bieb. ex Willd.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 4: 145 (1897)

= Fraxinus excelsior subsp. australis (Cambess.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 495 (1881)

= Fraxinus excelsior subsp. oxycarpa (M.Bieb. ex Willd.) Wesm.; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 31(1): 94 (1892)

= Fraxinus excelsior subsp. oxyphylla Batt.; Fl. Algérie [Battandier et al.] Dicot. 582 (1889)

= Fraxinus excelsior var. australis (Cambess.) St.-Lag.; Étude Fl., éd. 8 [A.Cariot], 2: 562 (1889)

= Fraxinus excelsior var. australis Cambess.; Enum. Pl. Balear. 280 (1827)

= Fraxinus excelsior var. australis Wesm.; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 31(1): 99 (1892), nom. illeg.

= Fraxinus excelsior var. leptocarpa (A.DC.) Wesm.; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 31(1): 95 (1892)

= Fraxinus excelsior var. oxycarpa (M.Bieb. ex Willd.) Fiori & Paol.; Fl. Anal. Italia [Fiori, Béguinot & Paoletti] 2: 341 (1902), nom. superfl.

= Fraxinus excelsior var. oxyphylla (M.Bieb.) Paol.; Fl. Anal. Italia [Fiori, Béguinot & Paoletti] 8: 168 (1888)

= Fraxinus lentiscifolia var. tamariscifolia (Vahl) Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4: 1101 (1806)

= Fraxinus leptocarpa Sennen; Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.) 1923: 4866 (1923)

= Fraxinus mentha Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 94 (1889), nom. inval.

= Fraxinus microphylla Willd.; Enum. Pl. Suppl. [Willdenow] 69 (1814), nomen

= Fraxinus nana Dippel ex Koehne; Deut. Dendrol. 514 (1893), nom. illeg.

= Fraxinus numidica Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 96 (1889)

= Fraxinus oxycarpa f. bornmuelleri Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.I, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Frax.): 54 (1920)

= Fraxinus oxycarpa f. cuspidata (Dippel) Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.I, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Frax.): 56 (1920)

= Fraxinus oxycarpa f. microphylla (Dippel) Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.I, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Frax.): 56 (1920)

= Fraxinus oxycarpa f. nana (Dippel) Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.I, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Frax.): 55 (1920)

= Fraxinus oxycarpa f. pendula (Dippel) Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.I, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Frax.): 55 (1920), nom. illeg.

= Fraxinus oxycarpa f. pyramidalis (Dippel) Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.I, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Frax.): 56 (1920)

= Fraxinus oxycarpa f. stipitata (Dippel) Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.I, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Frax.): 55 (1920)

= Fraxinus oxycarpa f. taurica (Dippel) Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.I, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Frax.): 56 (1920)

= Fraxinus oxycarpa M.Bieb. ex Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4: 1100 (1806)

= Fraxinus oxycarpa subsp. cuspidata Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 90 (1889)

= Fraxinus oxycarpa subsp. stipitata Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 89 (1889)

= Fraxinus oxycarpa subsp. taurica Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 90 (1889)

= Fraxinus oxycarpa var. algeriensis Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.I, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Frax.): 55 (1920)

= Fraxinus oxycarpa var. australis (Cambess.) Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.I, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Frax.): 55 (1920)

= Fraxinus oxycarpa var. macrocarpa Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.I, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Frax.): 55 (1920)

= Fraxinus oxycarpa var. oxyphylla (Paris) Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.I, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Frax.): 54 (1920), nom. inval.

= Fraxinus oxycarpa var. pomeliana Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 23: 200 (1932)

= Fraxinus oxycarpa var. tamariscifolia (Vahl) Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.I, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Frax.): 55 (1920)

= Fraxinus oxyphylla M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 2: 450 (1808), nom. superfl.

= Fraxinus oxyphylla subsp. montagnei Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 495 (1881)

= Fraxinus oxyphylla subsp. oxycarpa (M.Bieb. ex Willd.) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 868 (1938)

= Fraxinus oxyphylla var. leptocarpa A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 276 (1844)

= Fraxinus parviflora Aucher ex A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 276 (1844), nom. inval.

= Fraxinus parvifolia f. minor Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 94 (1889)

= Fraxinus pojarkoviana V.N.Vassil.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 18: 750 (1952)

= Fraxinus ptacovskyi Domin; Lesn. Práce 16: 409 (1937)

= Fraxinus rotundifolia subsp. oxycarpa (M.Bieb. ex Willd.) P.S.Green; Kew Bull. 40: 133 (1985)

= Fraxinus stilboantha Gand.; Fl. Lyon. [Gandoger] 152 (1875)

= Fraxinus tamariscifolia f. monophylla Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 86 (1889)

= Fraxinus tamariscifolia f. nana Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 87 (1889)

= Fraxinus tamariscifolia f. pendula Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 86 (1889)

= Fraxinus tamariscifolia Vahl; Enum. Pl. [Vahl] 1: 52 (1804)

= Fraxinus taurica Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 90 (1889)

= Fraxinus vailhei Aubouy; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 13: 168 (1904)

subspecies :

subsp. persica (Boiss.) Azadi; Iran. J. Bot. 11(1): 42 (2005)

Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)

34 IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Fraxinus angustifolia var. persica (Boiss.) Azadi; Fl. Iran [ed. Assadi et al.] 48: 23 (2005)

= Fraxinus angustifolia var. pubescens Azadi; Iran. J. Bot. 11: 44 (2005)

= Fraxinus excelsior var. subintegra (Boiss.) Wesm.; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 31(1): 95 (1892)

= Fraxinus oxycarpa var. subintegra Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4(1): 41 (1875)

= Fraxinus persica Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 1, 11: 78 (1849)

= Fraxinus rotundifolia subsp. persica (Boiss.) A.E.Murray; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 52: 8 (1968)

= Fraxinus syriaca var. persica (Boiss.) Lingelsh.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 40: 222 (1907)

subspecies :

subsp. syriaca (Boiss.) Yalt.; P. H. Davis, Fl. Turkey 6: 152 (1978)

Distribution: European Turkey; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Patmos); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran); Iran (NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria (NW-Syria, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (Rift Valley, N-Israel); Jordania (W-Jordania); Pakistan

13 TUE 32 TKM UZB 34 EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR 40 PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Fraxinus angustifolia var. oligophylla (Boiss.) Fukarek; Glasnik ze Sumske Pokuse (Zagreb) 14: 230 (1960)

= Fraxinus angustifolia var. pilosa Azadi; Iran. J. Bot. 11: 42 (2005)

= Fraxinus excelsior subsp. syriaca (Boiss.) Wesm.; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 31(1): 97 (1892)

= Fraxinus excelsior var. integra Wesm.; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 31(1): 95 (1892)

= Fraxinus oxycarpa subsp. syriaca (Boiss.) Yalt.; Istanbul Univ. Orman Fak. Dergisi, A. 21(1): 157 (1971)

= Fraxinus oxycarpa var. oligophylla (Boiss.) Wenz.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 4: 175 (1883)

= Fraxinus oxyphylla var. oligophylla Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4(1): 40 (1875)

= Fraxinus rotundifolia subsp. syriaca (Boiss.) Yalt. ex P.S.Green; Kew Bull. 40: 134 (1985)

= Fraxinus syriaca Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 11: 77 (1849)

= Fraxinus syriaca var. oligophylla (Boiss.) Lingelsh.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 40: 227 (1907)

species :

Fraxinus anomala Torr. ex S.Watson; Botany (Fortieth Parallel) 283 (1871)

Name: Singleleaf ash

Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, Nevada, Utah, Wyoming); Mexico (Nuevo León, San Luis Potosi)

73 USA 76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Fraxinus potosina Brandegee; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 275 (1912)

variant :

var. triphylla M.E.Jones; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 2, 5: 707 (1895)

Distribution: USA (Arizona)

76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Fraxinus anomala subsp. lowellii (Sarg. ex Rehder) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 12: 20 (1982)

= Fraxinus anomala var. lowellii (Sarg. ex Rehder) Little; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 42: 370 (1952)

= Fraxinus lowellii Sarg. ex Rehder; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 53: 211 (1917)

species :

Fraxinus apertisquamifera H.Hara; journ. Jap. Bot. 31: 59 (1956)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Fraxinus baroniana Diels; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 36(5, Beibl. 82): 86 (1905)

Distribution: China (Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan)

36 CHI

species :

Fraxinus berlandieriana A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 278 (1844)

Name: Mexican ash

Distribution: USA (Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas); Mexico (Veracruz, Coahuila, Nuevo León, etc.)

77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Fraxinus americana var. berlandieriana (A.DC.) Wesm.; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 31(1): 108 (1892)

= Fraxinus pubescens var. berlandieriana (A.DC.) Wenz.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 4: 183 (1883)

= Fraxinus viridis f. berlandieriana (A.DC.) Voss; Vilm. Ill. Blumengärtn., ed. 3 [Sieber & Voss], 1: 645 (1894)

= Fraxinus viridis var. berlandieriana (A.DC.) Torr.; Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 2(1): 166 (1858)

species :

Fraxinus biltmoreana Beadle; Bot. Gaz. 25: 358 (1898)

Distribution: USA (Maine, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, West Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri)

74 USA 75 USA 78 USA

Remarks: americana agg., segregated from the F. americana complex by most recent authors

Synonyms: hidden

= Calycomelia biltmoreana (Beadle) Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 186 (1914)

= Fraxinus americana subsp. biltmoreana (Beadle) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 13: 6 (1983)

= Fraxinus americana var. biltmoreana (Beadle) J.W.Wright ex Fernald; Rhodora 49: 159 (1947)

variant :

var. subcoriacea (Sarg.) J.J.N.Campb.; Phytoneuron 2017-28: 5 (2017)

Distribution: USA (Maine, Connecticut, New Jersey, Delaware, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, West Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Texas, Kansas, Florida)

74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Fraxinus americana var. subcoriacea Sarg.; Bot. Gaz. 67: 241 (1919)

= Fraxinus smallii Britton; North American Trees, 805 (1908)

species :

Fraxinus bornmuelleri Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.I, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Frax.): 56 (1920)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Fraxinus rotundifolia subsp. bornmuelleri (Lingelsh.) A.E.Murray; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 52: 8 (1968)

species :

Fraxinus bungeana A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 275 (1844)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Hebei, Henan, Liaoning, Shandong, Shaanxi)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Fraxinus bungeana var. cerifera Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 67 (1889)

= Fraxinus bungeana var. parvifolia Wenz.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 4: 170 (1883)

= Fraxinus dippeliana Lingelsh. ex C.K.Schneid.; Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. [C.K.Schneider] 2: 813 (1911)

= Fraxinus floribunda Bunge ex A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 275 (1844), nom. inval.

= Fraxinus parvifolia (Wenz.) Lingelsh.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 40(2): 214-215 (1907)

species :

Fraxinus caroliniana Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: 6 (1768)

Name: Carolina ash

Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Texas, Virginia)

77 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Calycomelia caroliniana (Mill.) Kostel.; Allg. Med.-Pharm. Fl. 3: 1004 (1834), et Ind. Hort. Bot. Prag. 26 (1844)

= Calycomelia pallida (Bosc) Kostel.; Ind. Hort. Bot. Prag. 26 (1844)

= Calycomelia platycarpa (Michx.) Kostel.; Ind. Hort. Bot. Prag. 26 (1844)

= Fraxinus americana var. caroliniana (Mill.) D.J.Browne; Trees America 398 (1846)

= Fraxinus americana var. triptera (Nutt.) D.J.Browne; Trees America 398 (1846)

= Fraxinus caroliniana f. hypomalaca Fernald; Rhodora 50: 189 (1948)

= Fraxinus caroliniana f. lasiophylla Fernald & B.G.Schub.; Rhodora 50: 189 (1948)

= Fraxinus caroliniana f. pubescens (M.A.Curtis) Fernald & B.G.Schub.; Rhodora 50: 188 (1948)

= Fraxinus caroliniana var. oblanceolata (M.A.Curtis) Fernald & B.G.Schub.; Rhodora 50: 188 (1948)

= Fraxinus caroliniana var. pauciflora (Nutt.) D.B.Ward; Phytologia 93(1): 69 (2011)

= Fraxinus caroliniana var. platycarpa (Michx.) Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.I, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Frax.): 45 (1920)

= Fraxinus caroliniana var. pubescens (M.A.Curtis) Fernald; Rhodora 39: 442 (1937)

= Fraxinus cordata Raf.; Alsogr. Amer. 34 (1838)

= Fraxinus curvidens Hoffmanns.; Verz. Pfl.-Kult., Nachtr. 2: 118 (1828)

= Fraxinus floridana (Wenz.) Sarg.; Silva [Sargent] 14: 39 (1902)

= Fraxinus nigra subsp. caroliniana (Mill.) Wesm.; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 31(1): 113 (1892)

= Fraxinus nigrescens Buckley; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 5 (1862 publ. 1863)

= Fraxinus nuttallii Buckley; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1860 444 (1861)

= Fraxinus pallida Bosc; Mém. Cl. Sci. Math. Inst. Natl. France 9(2): 201 (1808 publ. 1811)

= Fraxinus palustris Raf.; Alsogr. Amer. 35 (1838)

= Fraxinus pauciflora Nutt.; N. Amer. Sylv. [Nuttall] 3: 61 (1849)

= Fraxinus platycarpa Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Michaux] 2: 256 (1803)

= Fraxinus platycarpa var. floridana Wenz.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 4: 185 (1883)

= Fraxinus platycarpa var. oblanceolata M.A.Curtis; Amer. J. Sci. Arts, Ser. 2, 7: 408 (1849)

= Fraxinus platycarpa var. pubescens M.A.Curtis; Amer. J. Sci. Arts, Ser. 2, 7: 408 (1849)

= Fraxinus platycarpa var. triptera (Nutt.) Alph.Wood; Class-book Bot. (ed. 2b): 598 (1861)

= Fraxinus pleurodes Raf.; Alsogr. Amer. 35 (1838)

= Fraxinus triptera Nutt.; Gen. N. Amer. Pl. [Nuttall] 2: 232 (1818)

= Leptalix caroliniana (Mill.) Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 2: 93 (1837)

= Leptalix cordata Raf.; Alsogr. Amer. 34 (1838)

= Leptalix pallida (Bosc) Raf.; Alsogr. Amer. 33 (1838)

= Leptalix palustris Raf.; Alsogr. Amer. 35 (1838)

= Leptalix platycarpa (Michx.) Raf.; Alsogr. Amer. 35 (1838)

= Leptalix pleurodes Raf.; Alsogr. Amer. 35 (1838)

= Samarpses triptera (Nutt.) Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 2: 93 (1837)

variant :

var. cubensis (Griseb.) Lingelsh.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 40: 221 (1907)

Distribution: Cuba

81 CUB

Conservation Status: endangered (Red List of the Vascular Flora of Cuba)

Synonyms: hidden

= Fraxinus caroliniana subsp. cubensis (Griseb.) Borhidi; Bot. Közlem. 58: 176 (1971)

= Fraxinus cubensis Griseb.; Cat. Pl. Cub. [Grisebach] 170 (1866)

= Fraxinus pennsylvanica subsp. cubensis (Griseb.) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 13: 6 (1983)

= Fraxinus pennsylvanica var. cubensis (Griseb.) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 13: 6 (1983)

species :

Fraxinus chiisanensis Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 43: 446 (1929)

Distribution: South Korea

38 KOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Fraxinus chiisanensis var. stenophylla Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 14: 631 (1938)

species :

Fraxinus chinensis Roxb.; Fl. Ind. [Carey & Wallich ed.] 1: 150 (1820)

subspecies :

subsp. chinensis

Distribution: China (widespread); India (Uttarakhand); Thailand; Laos; Vietnam; Puerto Rico [I]

36 CHI 40 IND 41 LAO THA VIE 81 pue

Synonyms: hidden

= Fraxinus chinensis var. rotundata Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.I, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Frax.): 29 (1920)

= Fraxinus lingelsheimii Rehder; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 53: 206 (1917)

= Fraxinus medicinalis S.S.Sun; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 8(1): 51 (1988)

= Fraxinus rhynchophylla var. huashanensis J.L.Wu & Z.W.Xie; J. Wuhan Bot. Res. 5(4): 353 (1987)

= Fraxinus sargentiana Lingelsh.; Publ. Arnold Arbor. 4(4): 261 (1914)

= Fraxinus szaboana Lingelsh.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 40(2): 217 (1907)

= Fraxinus velutina Lingelsh.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 40: 216 (1907), nom. illeg.

= Fraxinus yunnanensis Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.I, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Frax.): 31 (1920), nom. superfl.

subspecies :

subsp. rhynchophylla (Hance) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 13: 6 (1983)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Primorye); China (Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi); North Korea; South Korea; Vietnam

31 RFE 36 CHI 38 KOR NKO 41 VIE

Synonyms: hidden

= Fraxinus chinensis var. hopeiensis (Tang) J.Z.Liu; Fl. Hebeiensis 2: 323 (1988)

= Fraxinus chinensis var. rhynchophylla (Hance) Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26: 86 (1889)

= Fraxinus chinensis var. tomentosa Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.I, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Frax.): 30 (1920)

= Fraxinus densata Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 45: 130 (1931)

= Fraxinus hopeiensis Tang; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 2(7): 101-102, 105 (1931)

= Fraxinus intermedia Nakai; T. Nakai & G. Koidz., Trees Shrubs Japan 293 (1922), nom. illeg.

= Fraxinus japonica Blume ex K.Koch; Dendrologie 1: 239 (1872)

= Fraxinus japonica f. stenocarpa (Koidz.) T.Yamaz.; Fl. Jap. [Iwatsuki et al., eds.] 3a: 128 (1993)

= Fraxinus japonica var. intermedia H.Hara; Enum. Spermatophytarum Japon. 1: 114 (1948)

= Fraxinus japonica var. stenocarpa (Koidz.) Ohwi; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 33: 83 (1953)

= Fraxinus koshiensis Koidz.; Fl. Symb. Orient.-Asiat. 82 (1930)

= Fraxinus nakaiana Koidz.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 3: 41 (1934)

= Fraxinus ornus var. bungeana Hance; J. Bot. 13: 133 (1875)

= Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance; J. Bot. 7(79): 164-165 (1869)

= Fraxinus rhynchophylla var. angusticarpa Koidz.; Fl. Symb. Orient.-Asiat. 593 (1943)

= Fraxinus rhynchophylla var. densata (Nakai) Y.N.Lee; Fl. Korea [Lee] 1159 (1996)

= Fraxinus rhynchophylla var. hopeiensis (Tang) Chü ex J.Z.Liu; Fl. Hebeiensis 2: 323 (1988)

= Fraxinus rhynchophylla var. lasiorachis Nakai; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 33: 20 (1953)

= Fraxinus rhynchophylla var. mollis Uyeki; J. Korean Forest. Soc. 208: 5 (1942)

= Fraxinus stenocarpa Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 28: 287 (1914)

species :

Fraxinus cuspidata Torr.; Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 2(1): 166 (1859)

Name: Fragrant ash

Distribution: USA (Arizona, New Mexico, Nevada, Texas); Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas)

76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Fraxinus cuspidata subsp. macropetala (Eastw.) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 12: 20 (1982)

= Fraxinus cuspidata var. macropetala (Eastw.) Rehder; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 53: 201 (1917)

= Fraxinus cuspidata var. serrata Rehder; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 53: 202 (1917)

= Fraxinus macropetala Eastw.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 494 (1903)

= Fraxinus mexicana Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet], ed. 2: 351 (1830)

= Ornus cuspidata (Torr.) Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 187 (1914)

species :

Fraxinus depauperata (Lingelsh.) Z.Wei; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 61: 19, t. 4, f. 9-10 (1992)

Distribution: China (Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Fraxinus paxiana var. depauperata Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.I, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Frax.): 22 (1920)

species :

Fraxinus dimorpha Coss. & Durieu; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 2: 367 (1855)

Distribution: Morocco; Algeria

20 ALG MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Fraxinus dimorpha var. dumosa Carrière; Rev. Hort. (Paris), Sér. 4, 14: 325 (1865)

= Fraxinus xanthoxyloides f. dumosa (Carrière) Rehder; Bibl. Cult. Trees 557 (1949)

= Fraxinus xanthoxyloides var. dimorpha (Coss. & Durieu) Wenz.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 4: 188 (1883)

= Fraxinus xanthoxyloides var. dumosa (Carrière) Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.I, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Frax.): 36 (1920)

species :

Fraxinus dipetala Hook. & Arn.; Bot. Beechey Voy. 362 (1839)

Name: California ash

Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur)

76 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Chionanthus fraxinifolia Kellogg; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 5: 18 (1873)

= Fraxinus ciliata Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 72 (1889), Koehne, Deutsche. Dendrol. 509 (1893)

= Fraxinus dipetala subsp. trifoliolata (Torr.) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 12: 20 (1982), without basionym ref., et in Kalmia 15: 11 (1985), with basionym ref.

= Fraxinus dipetala var. brachyptera A.Gray; Syn. Fl. N. Amer., ed. 2, 2(1): 74 (1886)

= Fraxinus dipetala var. trifoliolata Torr.; Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 2(1): 167 (1858)

= Fraxinus jonesii Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.I, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Frax.): 35 (1920)

= Fraxinus parryi Moran; Aliso 20: 17 (2001 publ. 2002)

= Fraxinus schiedei Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 172 (1889)

= Fraxinus trifoliolata (Torr.) F.H.Lewis & Epling; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 24: 743 (1940), nom. illeg.

= Ornus dipetala (Hook. & Arn.) Hook. & Arn.; Bot. Beechey Voy. pt. 9: t. 87 (1840)

= Ornus dipetala (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt.; N. Amer. Sylv. [Nuttall] 3: 66 (1849), isonym

= Ornus quadrialata Jacques; J. Soc. Imp. Centr. Hort. 4: 679 (1858)

= Petlomelia dipetala (Hook. & Arn.) Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 188 (1914)

species :

Fraxinus excelsior L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1057 (1753)

subspecies :

subsp. excelsior

Name: Gewöhnliche Esche (DE), European ash (EN), Fresno (ES)

Distribution: England; Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Spain; Andorra; France; Channel Isl.; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Greece (rare and mostly doubtful N- & C-Greece); S-European Russia; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco [I]; Algeria [I]; Madeira [I] (Madeira Isl. [I]); Uzbekistan [I]; Tajikistan [I]; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Turkey (E-Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, S-Anatolia); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan); Syria (W-Syrian Mountains); South Korea [I]; Pakistan [I] (Dir [I], Swat [I], Murree [I]); India [I] (Himachal Pradesh [I], Jammu & Kashmir [I]); New Zealand [I]; Chatham Isl. [I]; Canada [I] (New Brunswick [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Québec [I]); USA [I] (Connecticut [I], Kentucky [I], Massachusetts [I], New York [I], Ohio [I]); Bolivia [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I]

10 DEN GRB NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO CIS FRA SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SRB 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT RUS UKR 20 alg mor 21 mdr 32 tzk uzb 33 ARM GEO 34 IRN SYR TUR 38 kor 40 ind pak 51 ctm nzl 72 cdn 75 usa 78 usa 83 bol 85 arg cle

Synonyms: hidden

= Aplilia laciniata Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 3: 93 (1836)

= Aplilia pendula (Aiton) Raf.; Alsogr. Amer. 39 (1838)

= Fraxinus acutifolia Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 85 et 442 ad calc. (1889)

= Fraxinus amarissima Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 84 (1889)

= Fraxinus apetala Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 2: 525 (1779)

= Fraxinus appendiculata Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 605 (1807), pro syn.

= Fraxinus ararica Gand.; Fl. Lyon. [Gandoger] 153 (1875)

= Fraxinus atra Dum.Cours.; Bot. Cult., ed. 2, 2: 585 (1811), nom. inval.

= Fraxinus atrovirens (Pers.) Desf.; Hist. Arbr. France 1: 104 (1809)

= Fraxinus aurea Willd.; Enum. Pl. [Willdenow] 1059 (1809)

= Fraxinus baurieri Sennen & Gonzalo; Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.) 1925: no. 5507 (1925)

= Fraxinus biloba Gren. & Godr.; Fl. France [Grenier] 2: 472 (1853)

= Fraxinus boitrayana Gand.; Fl. Lyon. [Gandoger] 152 (1875)

= Fraxinus boscii G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 55 (1837)

= Fraxinus brevidentata Sennen & Elías; Bol. Soc. Iber. Ci. Nat. 29: 36 (1930)

= Fraxinus bumelia Bedevian; Illustr. Polyglot. Dict. 281 (1936)

= Fraxinus burgalensis Sennen & Elías; Bol. Soc. Iber. Ci. Nat. 28: 182 (1930)

= Fraxinus ceretanica Sennen; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 15: 225 (1916)

= Fraxinus concavifolia Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 83 (1889)

= Fraxinus crispa (Willd.) Bosc; Mém. Cl. Sci. Math. Inst. Natl. France 9: 214 (1808 publ. 1811)

= Fraxinus cucullata Baltet ex Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 83 (1889)

= Fraxinus dodei Sennen; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 73: 657 (1926 publ. 1927)

= Fraxinus eliae Sennen; Bol. Soc. Iber. Ci. Nat. 29: 37 (1930)

= Fraxinus excelsior proles heterophylla (Vahl) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 4: 144 (1897)

= Fraxinus excelsior aucubifolia Jacob-Makoy; Nursery Cat. (L. Jacob-Makoy & Co.) 112: 22 (1868)

= Fraxinus excelsior edentata-pendula Van Geert; Nursery Cat. (Auguste Van Geert) 73: 104 (1875), nomen

= Fraxinus excelsior f. angustifolia (Schelle) P.D.Sell; Fl. Great Britain Ireland 3: 520 (2009), basionym not validly publ.

= Fraxinus excelsior f. antonii Nyár.; Enum. Pl. Vasc. Cheia Turzii 188 (1939)

= Fraxinus excelsior f. argentea (Dum.Cours.) Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 85 (1889)

= Fraxinus excelsior f. argenteovariegata (Weston) Schelle; Handb. Laubholzben. [Beissner et al.] 410 (1903)

= Fraxinus excelsior f. asplenifolia (G.Kirchn.) Rehder; Bibl. Cult. Trees 561 (1949)

= Fraxinus excelsior f. aurea (Willd.) Schelle; Handb. Laubholzben. [Beissner et al.] 419 (1903)

= Fraxinus excelsior f. aurea-pendula (Dum.Cours.) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 26: 481 (1945)

= Fraxinus excelsior f. aurea-punctata Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 85 (1889)

= Fraxinus excelsior f. aureopunctata Schelle; Handb. Laubholzben. [Beissner et al.] 410 (1903)

= Fraxinus excelsior f. aureovariegata (Weston) Rehder; Bibl. Cult. Trees 560 (1949)

= Fraxinus excelsior f. crispa (Willd.) Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.I, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Frax.): 51 (1920)

= Fraxinus excelsior f. digitata Nordin & Iwarsson; Lustgården 84: 16 (2004)

= Fraxinus excelsior f. diversifolia (Aiton) Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.I, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Frax.): 51 (1920), nom. superfl.

= Fraxinus excelsior f. erosa (Willd.) Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.I, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Frax.): 51 (1920)

= Fraxinus excelsior f. heterophylla-variegata Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 2: 1229 (1838)

= Fraxinus excelsior f. horizontalis (Pers.) Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.I, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Frax.): 50 (1920)

= Fraxinus excelsior f. kincairniae (Loudon) Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.I, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Frax.): 50 (1920)

= Fraxinus excelsior f. laciniata C.K.Schneid.; Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. [C.K.Schneider] 2: 830 (1912)

= Fraxinus excelsior f. leucocarpa (Beissn.) Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.I, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Frax.): 51 (1920)

= Fraxinus excelsior f. lutea (Weston) Lodd. ex Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 85 (1889)

= Fraxinus excelsior f. monophylla Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 84 (1889)

= Fraxinus excelsior f. monophylla-pendula Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.I, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Frax.): 51 (1920)

= Fraxinus excelsior f. mucronata Domin; Lesn. Práce 14: 477 (1935)

= Fraxinus excelsior f. multifoliolata P.D.Sell; P. D. Sell & G. Murrell, 520 (2009)

= Fraxinus excelsior f. nana (Pers.) Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.I, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Frax.): 50 (1920)

= Fraxinus excelsior f. paniculata Schelle; Handb. Laubholzben. [Beissner et al.] 410 (1903)

= Fraxinus excelsior f. pendula (Aiton) Schelle; Handb. Laubholzben. [Beissner et al.] 410 (1903)

= Fraxinus excelsior f. pendula C.K.Schneid.; Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. [C.K.Schneider] 2: 830 (1912), nom. illeg.

= Fraxinus excelsior f. purpurascens Descemet ex Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 2: 1207 (1838)

= Fraxinus excelsior f. spectabilis (Jacob-Makoy) Rehder; Bibl. Cult. Trees 561 (1949)

= Fraxinus excelsior f. tortuosa Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 84 (1889)

= Fraxinus excelsior f. tortuosa-pendula Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 84 (1889)

= Fraxinus excelsior f. verrucosa (Dum.Cours.) K.Koch; Dendrol. 2: 241 (1872)

= Fraxinus excelsior f. verrucosa-pendula Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 2: 1218 (1838)

= Fraxinus excelsior f. verticillata K.Koch; Dendrol. 2: 243 (1872)

= Fraxinus excelsior pendula-folia-variegata Pynaert; Nursery Cat. (Éd. Pynaert - Van Geert) 1883: 68 (1883), nomen

= Fraxinus excelsior subsp. biloba (Gren. & Godr.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 466 (1882)

= Fraxinus excelsior subvar. aurea-pendula Dum.Cours.; Bot. Cult., ed. 2, 2: 577 (1811)

= Fraxinus excelsior var. acuminata Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 452 (1866)

= Fraxinus excelsior var. albovariegata Hayne; Dendr. Fl. 226 (1822)

= Fraxinus excelsior var. angustifolia Schelle; Handb. Laubholzben. [Beissner et al.] 409 (1903), nomen

= Fraxinus excelsior var. argentea Dum.Cours.; Bot. Cult. 1: 711 (1802)

= Fraxinus excelsior var. argenteovariegata Weston; Bot. Univ. 1: 109 (1770)

= Fraxinus excelsior var. asplenifolia G.Kirchn.; Petzold & Kirchner, Arbor. Muscav. 500 (1864)

= Fraxinus excelsior var. atrovirens (Pers.) Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 83 (1889)

= Fraxinus excelsior var. aurea (Willd.) Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 604 (1807)

= Fraxinus excelsior var. aurea-pendula (Dum.Cours.) Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 2: 1217 (1838)

= Fraxinus excelsior var. aureovariegata Weston; Bot. Univ. 1: 109 (1770)

= Fraxinus excelsior var. biloba (Gren. & Godr.) Gill. & Magne; 263 (1863)

= Fraxinus excelsior var. biloba (Gren. & Godr.) Wesm.; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 31(1): 89 (1892), isonym

= Fraxinus excelsior var. communis Merrem; 483 (1809)

= Fraxinus excelsior var. crispa Bluff & Fingerh.; 9 (1825)

= Fraxinus excelsior var. crispa Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4: 1099 (1806)

= Fraxinus excelsior var. cucullata Carrière; Rev. Hort. (Paris) 39: 340 (1867)

= Fraxinus excelsior var. diversifolia Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 3: 445 (1789)

= Fraxinus excelsior var. emarginata St.-Lag.; Étude Fl., éd. 8 [A.Cariot], 2: 562 (1889)

= Fraxinus excelsior var. erosa Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4: 1099 (1806)

= Fraxinus excelsior var. fungosa K.Koch; Dendrol. 2: 241 (1872)

= Fraxinus excelsior var. heterocarpa Bertrand; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8: 445 (1910)

= Fraxinus excelsior var. heterophylla (Vahl) Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 393 (1821 publ. 1822)

= Fraxinus excelsior var. horizontalis Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 694 (1807)

= Fraxinus excelsior var. implicata Dum.Cours.; Bot. Cult., ed. 2, 2: 577 (1811)

= Fraxinus excelsior var. integrifolia Pott; J. P. Du Roi, Harbk. Wilde Baumz., ed. 2, 1: 392 (1795)

= Fraxinus excelsior var. jaspidea Dum.Cours.; Bot. Cult. 1: 710 (1802)

= Fraxinus excelsior var. kincairniae Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 2: 1217 (1838)

= Fraxinus excelsior var. lacerata Dum.Cours.; Bot. Cult., ed. 2, 2: 577 (1811)

= Fraxinus excelsior var. leucocarpa Beissn.; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 16: 96 (1907)

= Fraxinus excelsior var. lutea Weston; Bot. Univ. 2: 109 (1770)

= Fraxinus excelsior var. monophylla (Desf.) Gren. & Godr.; Fl. France [Grenier] 2: 472 (1850)

= Fraxinus excelsior var. monophylla Dum.Cours.; Bot. Cult. 1: 711 (1802), nom. superfl.

= Fraxinus excelsior var. monstrosa K.Koch; Dendrol. 2: 241 (1872)

= Fraxinus excelsior var. nana (Pers.) Hayne; Dendr. Fl. 226 (1822)

= Fraxinus excelsior var. obtusata Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 452 (1866)

= Fraxinus excelsior var. officinalis Lavallée; Énum. Arbres 165 (1877)

= Fraxinus excelsior var. pendula Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 3: 445 (1789)

= Fraxinus excelsior var. pendula-variegata de Vos; Handb. Prakt. Kennis Bomen, ed. 2: 77 (1887)

= Fraxinus excelsior var. scolopendrifolia Bean; Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isles 1: 568 (1914)

= Fraxinus excelsior var. simplicifolia (Willd.) Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 604 (1807)

= Fraxinus excelsior var. spectabilis Jacob-Makoy; Nursery Cat. (L. Jacob-Makoy & Co.) 1863: 104 (1863)

= Fraxinus excelsior var. striata Dum.Cours.; Bot. Cult., ed. 2, 2: 577 (1811)

= Fraxinus excelsior var. variegata Dum.Cours.; Bot. Cult., ed. 2, 2: 578 (1811)

= Fraxinus excelsior var. verrucosa Dum.Cours.; Bot. Cult. 1: 711 (1802)

= Fraxinus exoniensis Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 85 et 442 ad calc. (1889)

= Fraxinus fungosa Lodd.; Cat. Pl., ed. 16: (1836), nom. inval.

= Fraxinus globosa Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 83 (1889)

= Fraxinus glomerata Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 83 (1889)

= Fraxinus grandidentata Sennen; Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.) 1925: no. 5358 (1926)

= Fraxinus grandifolia Sennen; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 73: 657 (1926 publ. 1927), nom. illeg.

= Fraxinus heterophylla Vahl; Enum. Pl. [Vahl] 1: 53 (1804)

= Fraxinus humilis Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 83 (1889), nom. inval.

= Fraxinus integrifolia Moench; Verz. Ausländ. Bäume 43 (1785)

= Fraxinus intermedia Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 84 (1889)

= Fraxinus laciniata Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 3: 93 (1838), pro syn.

= Fraxinus linearis Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 85 et 410 ad calc. (1889)

= Fraxinus longicarpa Sennen; Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.) 1925: no. 5356 (1926)

= Fraxinus lucida Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 85 (1889), nom. inval.

= Fraxinus microphylla Jacques; J. Soc. Imp. Centr. Hort. 4: 680 (1858)

= Fraxinus nana Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 605 (1807)

= Fraxinus nana var. atrovirens Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 605 (1807)

= Fraxinus ochrochlora Gand.; Fl. Lyon. [Gandoger] 152 (1875)

= Fraxinus oxyodon Gand.; Fl. Lyon. [Gandoger] 152 (1875)

= Fraxinus ozanami Sennen; Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.) 1925: no. 5355 (1926)

= Fraxinus pendula (Aiton) Hoffmanns.; Verz. Pfl.-Kult. 70 (1824)

= Fraxinus platyptera Sennen; Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.) 1925: no. 5361 (1926)

= Fraxinus polemonifolia Poir.; Duhamel, Traité Arbr. Arbust., nouv. éd., 4: 66 (1809)

= Fraxinus pumila Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 83 (1889), nom. inval.

= Fraxinus purpurascens K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(1): 241 (1872)

= Fraxinus retorta Sennen & Elías; Bol. Soc. Iber. Ci. Nat. 29: 37 (1930)

= Fraxinus sambucina var. coarctata K.Koch; Dendrol. 2: 244 (1872)

= Fraxinus scolopendrifolia Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 83 (1889), nom. inval.

= Fraxinus scolopendrium Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 83 (1889), nom. inval.

= Fraxinus serratifolia Sennen; Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.) 1925: no. 5360 (1926)

= Fraxinus simplicifolia Willd.; Berlin. Baumz. 121 (1796)

= Fraxinus spectabilis Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 84 (1889)

= Fraxinus stenobotrys Gand.; Fl. Lyon. [Gandoger] 152 (1875)

= Fraxinus steudelii Medik.; Beobacht. 201 (1782)

= Fraxinus streptocarpa Gand.; Fl. Lyon. [Gandoger] 153 (1875)

= Fraxinus stricta Schelle; Handb. Laubholzben. [Beissner et al.] 440 (1903)

= Fraxinus strigata Bosc; Mém. Cl. Sci. Math. Inst. Natl. France 9: 217 (1808 publ. 1811)

= Fraxinus subcordata Gand.; Fl. Lyon. [Gandoger] 152 (1875)

= Fraxinus vargasii Sennen & Gonzalo; Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.) 1925: no. 5508 (1926)

= Fraxinus veuilloti Sennen; Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.) 1925: no. 5358 (1926)

= Fraxinus viridis var. nobilis K.Koch; Dendrol. 2: 244 (1872)

= Leptalix atrovirens (Pers.) Raf.; Alsogr. Amer. 37 (1838)

= Leptalix nana (Pers.) Raf.; Alsogr. Amer. 33 (1838)

= Ornus striata (Dum.Cours.) Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 271 (1826)

= Ornus strigata (Bosc) A.Dietr.; Sp. Pl., ed. 6 [Dietrich] 1: 249 (1831)

subspecies :

subsp. coriariifolia (Scheele) A.E.Murray; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 52: 6 (1968)

Distribution: Romania; Bulgaria; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Azerbaijan; NE-Turkey; NW-Iran

13 BUL ROM 33 AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Fraxinus angustifolia var. obliqua (Tausch) Fukarek; Glasn. Sumska Pokuse 14: 229 (1960)

= Fraxinus coriariifolia Scheele; Linnaea 17: 350 (1843)

= Fraxinus elbursensis Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.I, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Frax.): 52 (1920)

= Fraxinus excelsior var. coriariifolia (Scheele) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4(1): 40 (1875)

= Fraxinus excelsior var. obliqua (Tausch) Wesm.; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 31(1): 94 (1892)

= Fraxinus obliqua Tausch; Flora (Regensburg) 17: 521 (1834)

= Fraxinus oxycarpa var. obliqua (Tausch) Wesm.; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 31(1): 94 (1892)

= Fraxinus parvifolia Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4: 1101 (1806), nom. illeg.

= Fraxinus willdenowiana Koehne; Deut. Dendrol. 515 (1893)

= Leptalix obliqua (Tausch) Raf.; Alsogr. Amer. 38 (1838)

subspecies :

subsp. siciliensis Ilardi & Raimondo; Bocconea 20: 11 (2007)

Distribution: Sicily

13 SIC

species :

Fraxinus ferruginea Lingelsh.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 40(2): 212 (1907)

Distribution: China (S-Guizhou, Yunnan); Tibet; Myanmar

36 CHI TIB 41 MYA

species :

Fraxinus floribunda Wall.; Fl. Ind. [Carey & Wallich ed.] 1: 150-151 (1820)

Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Tibet; Ryukyu Isl.; Pakistan; Nepal; N-India (Jammu & Kashmir, Meghalaya, Uttarakhand); Myanmar (Kachin, Mon, Shan); N-Thailand; Laos; Vietnam

36 CHI TIB 38 NNS 40 IND NEP PAK 41 LAO MYA THA VIE

Synonyms: hidden

= Fraxinus urophylla (G.Don) Wall. ex A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 275 (1844)

= Ornus floribunda (Wall.) Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 271 (1826)

= Ornus urophylla G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 57 (1837)

species :

Fraxinus gooddingii Little; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 42: 373 (1952)

Name: Goodding´s ash

Distribution: USA (Arizona); NW-Mexico (Sonora, Chihuahua)

76 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Fraxinus greggii subsp. gooddingii (Little) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 12: 20 (1982)

species :

Fraxinus greggii A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 12: 63 (1877)

Name: Gregg´s ash

Distribution: USA (Arizona, New Mexico, Texas); Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Nuevo León, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Zacatecas)

76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Fraxinus schiedeana var. parvifolia Torr.; Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 2(1): 166 (1858)

= Ornus greggii (A.Gray) Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 187 (1914)

variant :

var. nummularis (M.E.Jones) Little; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 42: 375 (1952)

Distribution: USA (Texas); Mexico (Coahuila)

77 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Fraxinus greggii f. nummularis (M.E.Jones) C.H.Mull.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 27: 488 (1942)

= Fraxinus greggii subsp. nummularis (M.E.Jones) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 15: 11 (1985)

= Fraxinus nummularis M.E.Jones; Contr. W. Bot. 12: 59 (1908)

species :

Fraxinus griffithii C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3(9): 605 (1882)

Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; India (Arunachal Pradesh); Bangladesh; Myanmar (Mandalay, Shan); Vietnam; Philippines (Luzon); Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, etc.); Hawaii [I] (E-Maui [I])

36 CHI 38 NNS TAI 40 BAN IND 41 MYA VIE 42 JAW LSI PHI 63 haw

Synonyms: hidden

= Fraxinus bracteata Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26(173): 84 (1889)

= Fraxinus eedenii Boerl. & Koord.; Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned.-Ind. 56: 185 (1896)

= Fraxinus floribunda var. integerrima Wenz.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 4: 173 (1883)

= Fraxinus formosana Hayata; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30(1): 189-190 (1911)

= Fraxinus griffithii var. koshunensis (K.Mori) T.Yamaz.; Fl. Jap. [Iwatsuki et al., eds.] 3a: 125 (1993)

= Fraxinus guilinensis S.K.Lee & F.N.Wei; Guihaia 2(3): 130-131, f. 3 (1982)

= Fraxinus minutepunctata Hayata; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30(1): 190 (1911)

= Fraxinus philippinensis Merr.; Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 35: 57 (1906)

= Fraxinus retusa var. koshunensis K.Mori; Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Taiwan 30: 296 (1940)

= Fraxinus sasakii Masam.; Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Taiwan 24: 210 (1934)

= Ligustrum vaniotii H.Lév.; Cat. Pl. Yun-Nan 181 (1916)

species :

Fraxinus hookeri Wenz.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 4: 179 (1883)

Distribution: NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir)

40 IND

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

Synonyms: hidden

= Fraxinus brandisii Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.I, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Frax.): 56 (1920)

species :

Fraxinus hubeiensis S.Z.Qu; C. B. Shang & P. L. Su, J. Nanjing Technol. Coll. Forest Prod. 1979: 146 (1979)

Distribution: China (Hubei)

36 CHI

species :

Fraxinus insularis Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26: 86 (1889)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Japan (Kyushu, Yakushima Isl.); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan

36 CHI 38 JAP NNS TAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Fraxinus championii Little; Phytologia 6(8): 507 (1959)

= Fraxinus floribunda subsp. insularis (Hemsl.) S.S.Sun; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 5(1): 49-55 (1985)

= Fraxinus insularis var. henryana (Oliv.) Z.Wei; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 61: 22, t. 5, f. 4 (1992)

= Fraxinus retusa Champ. ex Benth.; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 4: 330 (1852)

= Fraxinus retusa var. calcicola C.Y.Wu ex Y.P.Bai; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 5(2): 178 (1983)

= Fraxinus retusa var. henryana Oliv.; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 20(2): pl. 1930 (1890)

= Fraxinus retusa var. integra Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.I, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Frax.): 23 (1920)

= Fraxinus taiwaniana Masam.; Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Taiwan 24: 210 (1934)

species :

Fraxinus lanuginosa Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 40: 342 (1926)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Kuril Isl.); Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)

31 RFE 38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Fraxinus lanuginosa f. serrata (Nakai) Murata; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 25(2-3): 35 (1972)

= Fraxinus lanuginosa f. velutina (Nakai) Kitam.; S. Kitamura et al., Coloured Ill. Trees Shrubs Japan, rev. ed. 213 (1959)

= Fraxinus lanuginosa f. velutina (Nakai) Murata; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 25(2-3): 35 (1972), isonym

= Fraxinus lanuginosa var. serrata (Nakai) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 31: 59 (1956)

= Fraxinus sambucina var. pubescens (Koidz.) Nakai; T. Nakai & G. Koidz., Trees Shrubs Japan, ed. 2: 395 (1927)

= Fraxinus sambucina var. velutina Nakai; T. Nakai & G. Koidz., Trees Shrubs Japan, ed. 2: 396 (1927)

= Fraxinus sieboldiana var. koiei Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 54: 2 (1940)

= Fraxinus sieboldiana var. pubescens Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 38: 98 (1924)

= Fraxinus sieboldiana var. serrata Nakai; T. Nakai & G. Koidz., Trees Shrubs Japan, ed. 2: 391 (1927)

species :

Fraxinus latifolia Benth.; Bot. Voy. Sulphur [Bentham] 33 (1844)

Name: Oregon ash (EN), Breitblättrige Esche (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Canada (British Columbia); USA (California, Oregon, Washington State)

11 ger 71 CDN 73 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Fraxinus americana subsp. oregona (Nutt.) Wesm.; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 31(1): 110 (1892)

= Fraxinus californica Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 80 (1889)

= Fraxinus oregona f. pulverulenta Dieck ex Beissn.; Handb. Laubholzben. [Beissner et al.] 407 (1903)

= Fraxinus oregona Nutt.; N. Amer. Sylv. [Nuttall] 3: 59 (1849)

= Fraxinus oregona var. glabra Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.I, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Frax.): 43 (1920)

= Fraxinus oregona var. latifolia (Benth.) Lingelsh.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 40: 220 (1907)

= Fraxinus oregona var. riparia Nutt.; N. Amer. Sylv. [Nuttall] 3: 59 (1849)

= Fraxinus pennsylvanica subsp. oregona (Nutt.) G.S.Mill.; Cornell Univ. Agric. Exp. Sta. Mem. 335: 41 (1955)

species :

Fraxinus longicuspis Siebold & Zucc.; Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 4(3): 169 (1846)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Fraxinus borealis Nakai; Nakai & Koidz., Trees Shrubs Japan, rev. ed. 390 (1927)

= Fraxinus borealis var. pilosella Honda; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 677 (1932)

= Fraxinus bungeana var. obovata (Blume) Lingelsh.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 40: 214 (1907)

= Fraxinus bungeana var. pubinervis (Blume) Wenz.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 4: 170 (1883)

= Fraxinus caudata J.L.Wu; J. Wuhan Bot. Res. 5: 350 (1987), nom. illeg.

= Fraxinus chinensis var. acuminata Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.I, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Frax.): 30 (1920)

= Fraxinus japonica var. pubinervis (Blume) Wesm.; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 31: 86 (1892)

= Fraxinus japonica Wesm.; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 31(1): 85 (1892), nom. inval.

= Fraxinus kantoensis Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 40: 341 (1926)

= Fraxinus koehneana Lingelsh.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 40: 216 (1907)

= Fraxinus longicuspis var. latifolia Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 41: 510 (1927)

= Fraxinus longicuspis var. pilosella (Honda) H.Hara; Enum. Spermatophytarum Japon. 1: 114 (1948)

= Fraxinus obovata Blume; Mus. Bot. 1: 311 (1851)

= Fraxinus pubinervis Blume; Mus. Bot. 1: 311 (1851)

= Fraxinus pubinervis Mayr; Fremdländ. Wald- Parkbäume 473 (1906), nom. illeg.

= Fraxinus pubinervis var. hamatoserrata Blume; Mus. Bot. 1: 311 (1851)

= Fraxinus satsumana Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 38: 92 (1924)

= Fraxinus yamatense Nakai; T. Nakai & G. Koidz., Trees Shrubs Japan 298 (1922)

species :

Fraxinus malacophylla Hemsl.; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 26(4): t. 2598 (1899)

Distribution: China (Guangxi, Yunnan); Myanmar; N-Thailand

36 CHI 41 MYA THA

Synonyms: hidden

= Fraxinus retusifoliolata K.M.Feng ex P.Y.Pai; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 5: 177 (1983)

= Fraxinus malacophylla f. retusifoliolata (K.M.Feng ex P.Y.Pai) X.K.Qin; Higher Pl. China 26 (2004)

species :

Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr.; Bull. Cl. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 15: 371 (1857)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Kuril Isl., Primorye, Sakhalin); China (Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shanxi); North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu)

31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO

Synonyms: hidden

= Fraxinus elatior Thunb. ex Palib.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 18: 155 (1901)

= Fraxinus excelsa Thunb.; Fl. Jap. [Thunberg] 23 (1784)

= Fraxinus excelsissima Koidz.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 3: 41 (1934)

= Fraxinus mammifera Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 1: 346 (1821), nom. inval.

= Fraxinus mandshurica subsp. brevipedicellata S.Z.Qu & T.C.Cui; Acta Bot. Boreal.-Occid. Sin. 8(2): 130-132, f. 2 (1988)

= Fraxinus mandshurica var. japonica Maxim.; Mélanges Biol. Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 7: 395 (1874)

= Fraxinus nigra subsp. mandschurica (Rupr.) S.S.Sun; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 5(1): 60-61 (1985)

= Fraxinus nigra var. mandschurica (Rupr.) Lingelsh.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 40(2): 223 (1907)

species :

Fraxinus micrantha Lingelsh.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 40: 217 (1907)

Distribution: Pakistan; Nepal; India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand)

40 IND NEP PAK

species :

Fraxinus nigra Marshall; Arbust. Amer. 78 (1785)

Name: Black ash

Distribution: Canada (Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Québec); USA (Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, North Dakota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Virginia, Vermont, Wisconsin, West Virginia); Peru [I]

71 CDN 72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 78 USA 83 per

Synonyms: hidden

= Calycomelia nigra (Marshall) Kostel.; Ind. Hort. Bot. Prag. 26 (1844)

= Fraxinoides nigra (Marshall) Medik.; Beytr. Pfl.-Anat. 399 (1800)

= Fraxinus americana var. nigra (Marshall) Weston; Bot. Univ. 1: 110 (1770)

= Fraxinus americana var. sambucifolia (Lam.) D.J.Browne; Trees America 396 (1846)

= Fraxinus nigra f. cucullata (G.Kirchn.) Schelle; Handb. Laubholzben. [Beissner et al.] 409 (1903)

= Fraxinus nigra var. cucullata G.Kirchn.; Petzold & Kirchner, Arbor. Muscav. 512 (1864)

= Fraxinus nigra var. sambucifolia (Lam.) Castigl.; Viagg. Stati Uniti 2: 244 (1790)

= Fraxinus sambucifolia Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2: 549 (1788)

= Fraxinus sambucifolia var. cucullata (G.Kirchn.) Laurentius; Nursery Cat. (Laurentius´schen Gärtnerei) 40: 7 (1868)

= Leptalix nigra (Marshall) Raf.; Alsogr. Amer. 33 (1838)

species :

Fraxinus odontocalyx Hand.-Mazz. ex E.Peter; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 90: 125 (1941)

Distribution: China (Sichuan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Fraxinus huangshanensis S.S.Sun; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 5(1): 42-44, pl. 1, 1-4 (1985)

= Fraxinus nanchuanensis S.S.Sun & J.L.Wu; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 9(3): 33-35, f. s. n. (1989)

species :

Fraxinus ornus L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1057 (1753)

subspecies :

subsp. ornus

Name: Manna-Esche (DE), Manna Ash (EN)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Switzerland; Austria; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal [I]; Spain [I]; Baleares [I]; France [I]; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread mainland, Evvoia, Kerkyra, Thasos, Samothraki, Sporades, Kiklades: Naxos); Crete; European Russia; Algeria [c]; Uzbekistan [I]; Tajikistan [I]; Northern Caucasus; Transcaucasus; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Ikaria, Samos, Rhodos); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, W-Syrian Mountains); Pakistan [I]; New Zealand [I]; Argentina [I]

11 AUT ger HUN SLO SWI 12 bal COR fra por SAR spa 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 RUS 20 alg 32 tzk uzb 33 NCS 34 EAI LEB SYR TUR 40 pak 51 nzl 85 arg

Synonyms: hidden

= Fraxinus argentea Loisel.; Fl. Gall. 2: 697 (1807)

= Fraxinus cappadocica Juss. ex Bosc; Mém. Cl. Sci. Math. Inst. Natl. France 9: 214 (1808 publ. 1811)

= Fraxinus diversifolia Rochel ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4(1): 39 (1875)

= Fraxinus floribunda C.K.Schneid.; Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. [C.K.Schneider] 2: 814 (1911), nom. illeg.

= Fraxinus florifera Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 2: 282 (1771)

= Fraxinus halepensis Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 647 (1840)

= Fraxinus mannifera (Raf.) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 647 (1840)

= Fraxinus mille-lacuum K.Koch; Linnaea 23: 597 (1850)

= Fraxinus montana Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 14 (1796), nom. illeg.

= Fraxinus ornus f. argentea (Loisel.) Schelle; Handb. Laubholzben. [Beissner et al.] 405 (1903)

= Fraxinus ornus f. emarginata (Kárpáti) Jovan.-Dunj.; Fl. Srbije 5: 613 (1973)

= Fraxinus ornus f. grandifoliolata Jovan.-Dunj.; Fl. Srbije 5: 613 (1973)

= Fraxinus ornus f. linearis Jovan.-Dunj.; Fl. Srbije 5: 613 (1973)

= Fraxinus ornus f. platiptera Jovan.; Fl. Srbije 5: 612 (1973)

= Fraxinus ornus f. rachilanata Jovan.; Fl. Srbije 5: 613 (1973)

= Fraxinus ornus f. rufescens Heimerl; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 43 (1913)

= Fraxinus ornus f. sublinearis Jovan.; Fl. Srbije 5: 613 (1973)

= Fraxinus ornus subsp. argentea (Loisel.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 466 (1882)

= Fraxinus ornus subsp. garganica (Ten.) Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi, Begr.] 5(3): 1924 (1927)

= Fraxinus ornus subsp. rotundifolia (Ten.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 466 (1882)

= Fraxinus ornus var. acuminata Kárpáti; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 4: 106 (1958)

= Fraxinus ornus var. americana Bosc; Mem. Cl. Sci. Math. Inst. Natl. France 9: 216 (1808 publ. 1811)

= Fraxinus ornus var. angustifolia Ten.; Syll. Pl. Fl. Neapol. 11 (1831)

= Fraxinus ornus var. argentea (Loisel.) Gren. & Godr.; Fl. France [Grenier] 2: 473 (1853)

= Fraxinus ornus var. danubialis Borbás; Balaton Tavának Növényföldr. 360 (1900)

= Fraxinus ornus var. diversifolia Rochel; Pl. Banat. Rar. 44 (1828)

= Fraxinus ornus var. emarginata Kárpáti; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 4: 106 (1958)

= Fraxinus ornus var. garganica Ten.; Syll. Pl. Fl. Neapol. 10 (1831)

= Fraxinus ornus var. juglandifolia Ten.; Syll. Pl. Fl. Neapol. 10 (1831)

= Fraxinus ornus var. latifolia Aiton ex Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 69 (1889)

= Fraxinus ornus var. maculatovariegata Anon.; Gard. Chron. 1873: 1404 (1873)

= Fraxinus ornus var. oxyptera Borbás; Balaton Tavának Növényföldr. 360 (1900)

= Fraxinus ornus var. paniculata (Mill.) Weston; Bot. Univ. 1: 110 (1770)

= Fraxinus ornus var. rotundifolia Ten.; Syll. Pl. Fl. Neapol. 10 (1831)

= Fraxinus ornus var. salicifoliolata Jovan.; Fl. Srbije 5: 613 (1973)

= Fraxinus ornus var. sanguinea Hausm. ex Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.I, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Frax.): 18 (1920)

= Fraxinus ornus var. stenocarpa Kárpáti; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 4: 107 (1958)

= Fraxinus ornus var. ulmiifoliolata Jovan.; Fl. Srbije 5: 613 (1973)

= Fraxinus paniculata Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: 4 (1768)

= Fraxinus pseudo-ornus Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 647 (1840)

= Fraxinus rotundifolia f. heterophylla Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.I, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Frax.): 19 (1920)

= Fraxinus rotundifolia f. variegata Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.I, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Frax.): 19 (1920)

= Fraxinus rotundifolia Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2: 546 (1788), nom. rej.

= Fraxinus rotundifolia var. argentea (Loisel.) Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 62 (1889)

= Fraxinus theophrasti Duhamel ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 1: 346 (1821), nom. inval.

= Fraxinus thrysantha St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 126 (1880)

= Ornanthes florida Raf.; Alsogr. Amer. 40 (1838)

= Ornanthes lutea Raf.; Alsogr. Amer. 40 (1838)

= Ornanthes mannifera Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 2: 93 (1837)

= Ornus cappadocica (Juss. ex Bosc) A.Dietr.; Sp. Pl., ed. 6 [Dietrich] 1: 249 (1831)

= Ornus corymbosa Lavallée; Arb. Segrez. 162 (1877)

= Ornus europaea Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 9 (1805)

= Ornus lanceolata Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 4: 142 (1897)

= Ornus nana Lavallée; Arb. Segrez. 162 (1877)

= Ornus ornus (L.) H.Karst.; Deut. Fl. [Karsten] 1045 (1883), nom. inval.

subspecies :

subsp. cilicica (Lingelsh.) Yalt.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 28: 14 (1967)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Fraxinus cilicica Lingelsh.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 40: 213 (1907)

= Fraxinus excelsior var. petiolulata (Boiss. & Kotschy) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4(2): 40 (1879)

= Fraxinus kotschyi C.K.Schneid.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 163 (1911)

= Fraxinus petiolulata Boiss. & Kotschy; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 3: 119 (1856)

species :

Fraxinus pallisiae Wilmott; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 43: 284 (1916), as ´pallisae´

Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; NE-Greece (Thracia); Ukraine; Northern Caucasus

13 BUL GRC KOS ROM SRB TUE 14 UKR 33 NCS

Synonyms: hidden

= Fraxinus holotricha Koehne; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 15: 67 (1906)

= Fraxinus pallisiae f. acuta Cretz. & Neuwirth; Analele Inst. Cercet. Exp. Forest. 6: 144 (1940)

= Fraxinus pallisiae f. emarginata Jovan.; Fl. Srbije 5: 615 (1973)

= Fraxinus pallisiae f. obtusa Cretz. & Neuwirth; Analele Inst. Cercet. Exp. Forest. 6: 144 (1940)

= Fraxinus pallisiae var. horvatii Jovan.; Fl. Srbije 5: 615 (1973)

species :

Fraxinus papillosa Lingelsh.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 40: 219 (1907)

Name: Chihuahuan ash

Distribution: USA (Arizona, New Mexico, Texas); Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Sonora, Zacatecas)

76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Fraxinus velutina subsp. papillosa (Lingelsh.) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 13: 7 (1983)

= Fraxinus velutina var. papillosa (Lingelsh.) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 13: 7 (1983)

species :

Fraxinus paxiana Lingelsh.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 40(2): 213-214 (1907)

Distribution: China (Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Fraxinus densiflora Lingelsh.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 40: 215 (1907)

species :

Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall; Arbust. Amer. 51 (1785)

Name: Rot-Esche, Grün-Esche (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Germany [I]; Austria [I]; Czech Republic [I]; Slovakia [I]; Hungary [I]; Spain [I]; Croatia [I]; Romania [I]; Bulgaria [I]; Estonia [c]; Belarus [I]; E-European Russia [I]; Ukraine [I]; Russian Far East [I] (Primorye [I]); Kazakhstan [I]; Turkmenistan [I]; Uzbekistan [I]; South Korea [I]; Canada (Alberta, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Québec, Saskatchewan); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, Montana, North Carolina, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Vermont, Wisconsin, West Virginia, Wyoming); Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosi, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Veracruz); Peru [I]; Bolivia [I]; Uruguay [I]; Argentina [I]

11 aut cze ger hun slo 12 spa 13 bul cro rom 14 blr est rus ukr 31 rfe 32 kaz tkm uzb 38 kor 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 83 bol per 85 arg uru

Remarks: americana agg. Subsp. novae-angliae is frequently kept separate but not in North America

Synonyms: hidden

= Calycomelia campestris (Britton) Nieuwl. & Lunell; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 4: 507 (1916)

= Calycomelia elliptica (Bosc) Kostel.; Ind. Hort. Bot. Prag. 26 (1844)

= Calycomelia expansa (Willd.) Kostel.; Ind. Hort. Bot. Prag. 26 (1844)

= Calycomelia lancea (Bosc) Kostel.; Ind. Hort. Bot. Prag. 26 (1844)

= Calycomelia lanceolata (Borkh.) Lunell; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 4: 507 (1916)

= Calycomelia ovata (Bosc) Kostel.; Ind. Hort. Bot. Prag. 26 (1844)

= Calycomelia pennsylvanica (Marshall) Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 186 (1914)

= Calycomelia pubescens (Lam.) Kostel.; Ind. Hort. Bot. Prag. 26 (1844)

= Calycomelia richardii (Bosc) Kostel.; Ind. Hort. Bot. Prag. 26 (1844)

= Fraxinus americana subsp. novae-angliae (Mill.) Wesm.; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 31(1): 108 (1892)

= Fraxinus americana subsp. pennsylvanica (Marshall) Wesm.; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 31(1): 109 (1892)

= Fraxinus americana subvar. aucubifolia (H.Jaeger) Wesm.; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 31: 110 (1892)

= Fraxinus americana var. caroliniana Willd. ex Merrem; 484 (1809)

= Fraxinus americana var. pennsylvanica (Marshall) Weston; Bot. Univ. 1: 110 (1770)

= Fraxinus americana var. pubescens (Lam.) D.J.Browne; Trees America 395 (1846)

= Fraxinus americana var. rubicunda (Bosc) Wesm.; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 31(1): 110 (1892)

= Fraxinus americana var. subpubescens (Pers.) Wesm.; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 31(1): 110 (1892)

= Fraxinus arbutifolia Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 76 (1889), pro syn.

= Fraxinus aucubifolia G.Kirchn.; E. A. Petzold & G. Kirchner, Arbor. Muscav. 507 (1864)

= Fraxinus campestris Britton; Britton & Shafer, N. Amer. Trees 799 (1908)

= Fraxinus cerasifolia Hoffmanns.; Verz. Pfl.-Kult., Nachtr. 2: 29 (1828)

= Fraxinus cinerea Bosc; Mém. Cl. Sci. Math. Inst. Natl. France 9: 207 (1808 publ. 1811)

= Fraxinus concolor Muhl.; Cat. Pl. Amer. Sept. 115 (1813), nomen

= Fraxinus darlingtonii Britton; Man. Fl. N. States 725 (1901)

= Fraxinus elliptica Bosc; Mém. Cl. Sci. Math. Inst. Natl. France 9: 204 (1808 publ. 1811)

= Fraxinus expansa Willd.; Berlin. Baumz., ed. 2: 150 (1811)

= Fraxinus fusca Bosc; Mém. Cl. Sci. Math. Inst. Natl. France 9: 203 (1808 publ. 1811)

= Fraxinus glabra Lawson ex Beissn.; L. Beissner, E. Schelle & H. Zabel, Handb. Laubholzben. 412 (1903)

= Fraxinus juglandifolia var. aucubifolia H.Jaeger; Ziergehloze Gart. Park. 233 (1865)

= Fraxinus juglandifolia var. subintegerrima Vahl; Enum. Pl. [Vahl] 1: 50 (1804)

= Fraxinus lancea Bosc; Mem. Instit. Fr. 9: 209 (1808 publ. 1811)

= Fraxinus lanceolata Borkh.; Theor. Prakt. Handb. Forstbot. 1: 826 (1800)

= Fraxinus lanceolata var. lindheimeri (Wenz.) Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.I, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Frax.): 44 (1920)

= Fraxinus lanceolata var. macrocarpa Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.I, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Frax.): 44 (1920)

= Fraxinus lanceolata var. viridis (C.K.Schneid.) Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.I, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Frax.): 44 (1920)

= Fraxinus lancifolia Raf.; Alsogr. Amer. 35 (1838)

= Fraxinus longifolia Bosc; Mém. Cl. Sci. Math. Inst. Natl. France 9: 209 (1808 publ. 1811)

= Fraxinus media Raf.; Alsogr. Amer. 36 (1838)

= Fraxinus nigra var. pubescens (Lam.) Castigl.; Viagg. Stati Uniti 2: 244 (1790)

= Fraxinus novae-angliae Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: 5 (1768)

= Fraxinus oblongocarpa Buckley; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 14: 4 (1862 publ. 1863)

= Fraxinus ovalis Willd.; Enum. Pl. [Willdenow], Suppl. 69 (1814), orth. var.

= Fraxinus ovata Bosc; Mém. Cl. Sci. Math. Inst. Natl. France 9: 204 (1808 publ. 1811)

= Fraxinus pennsylvanica f. aucubifolia (H.Jaeger) Rehder; Bibl. Cult. Trees 558 (1949)

= Fraxinus pennsylvanica f. colorata B.Boivin; Naturaliste Canad. 93: 433 (1966)

= Fraxinus pennsylvanica f. erythrocarpa Vict. & J.Rousseau; Contr. Inst. Bot. Univ. Montréal 36: 51 (1940)

= Fraxinus pennsylvanica f. megaphylla Vict. & J.Rousseau; Contr. Inst. Bot. Univ. Montréal 36: 52 (1940)

= Fraxinus pennsylvanica f. scotica B.Boivin; Naturaliste Canad. 93: 433 (1966)

= Fraxinus pennsylvanica subsp. novae-angliae (Mill.) Buttler; Bot. Naturschutz Hessen 18: 19 (2005)

= Fraxinus pennsylvanica subsp. novae-angliae (Wesm.) Buttler; Bot. Naturschutz Hessen 18: 19 (2005)

= Fraxinus pennsylvanica subsp. subintegerrima (Vahl) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 13: 6 (1983)

= Fraxinus pennsylvanica var. aucubifolia (H.Jaeger) Rehder; Cycl. Amer. Hort. [L.H.Bailey] 607 (1900)

= Fraxinus pennsylvanica var. austinii Fernald; Rhodora 40: 452 (1938)

= Fraxinus pennsylvanica var. austini-megaphylla Vict. & J.Rousseau; Contr. Inst. Bot. Univ. Montréal 36: 52 (1940)

= Fraxinus pennsylvanica var. campestris (Britton) F.C.Gates; Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 41: 102 (1938)

= Fraxinus pennsylvanica var. lanceolata (Borkh.) Sarg.; Silva [Sargent] 6: 51 (1894)

= Fraxinus pennsylvanica var. ovata (Bosc) K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(1): 256 (1872)

= Fraxinus pennsylvanica var. pubescens (Lam.) Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.I, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Frax.): 41 (1920)

= Fraxinus pennsylvanica var. subintegerrima (Vahl) Fernald; Rhodora 49: 159 (1947)

= Fraxinus pennsylvanica var. viridis C.K.Schneid.; Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. [C.K.Schneider] 2: 826 (1912)

= Fraxinus platyphylla Hoffmanns.; Verz. Pfl.-Kult., Nachtr. 2: 29 (1828)

= Fraxinus pubescens Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2: 548 (1788)

= Fraxinus pubescens var. boscii Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 77 (1889)

= Fraxinus pubescens var. coriacea Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 76 (1889)

= Fraxinus pubescens var. lindheimeri Wenz.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 4: 184 (1883)

= Fraxinus pubescens var. longifolia Vahl; Enum. Pl. [Vahl] 1: 52 (1804)

= Fraxinus pubescens var. nana Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 77 (1889)

= Fraxinus pubescens var. ovata (Bosc) Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 76 (1889)

= Fraxinus pubescens var. subpubescens Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 605 (1807)

= Fraxinus richardii Bosc; Mém. Cl. Sci. Math. Inst. Natl. France 9: 207 (1808 publ. 1811)

= Fraxinus rubicunda Bosc; Mém. Cl. Sci. Math. Inst. Natl. France 9: 212 (1808 publ. 1811)

= Fraxinus rufa Bosc; Mém. Cl. Sci. Math. Inst. Natl. France 9: 203 (1808 publ. 1811)

= Fraxinus subvillosa Bosc ex Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 604 (1807)

= Fraxinus trialata Buckley; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 14: 5 (1863)

= Fraxinus viridis A.Michx.; N. Amer. Sylv. [A.Michaux] 3: t. 120 (1819), nom. illeg.

= Fraxinus viridis var. pubescens (Lam.) Hitchc.; Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 5: 507 (1891)

= Fraxinus viridis var. trialata (Buckley) Schelle; L. Beissner, E. Schelle & H. Zabel, Handb. Laubholzben. 408 (1903)

= Leptalix cinerea (Bosc) Raf.; Alsogr. Amer. 32 (1838)

= Leptalix elliptica (Bosc) Raf.; Alsogr. Amer. 32 (1838)

= Leptalix expansa (Willd.) Raf.; Alsogr. Amer. 33 (1838)

= Leptalix fusca (Bosc) Raf.; Alsogr. Amer. 33 (1838)

= Leptalix lancifolia Raf.; Alsogr. Amer. 35 (1838)

= Leptalix longifolia (Bosc) Raf.; Alsogr. Amer. 32 (1838)

= Leptalix media Raf.; Alsogr. Amer. 36 (1838)

= Leptalix ovata (Bosc) Raf.; Alsogr. Amer. 32 (1838)

= Leptalix pubescens (Lam.) Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 2: 93 (1837)

= Leptalix richardii (Bosc) Raf.; Alsogr. Amer. 32 (1838)

= Leptalix rubicunda (Bosc) Raf.; Alsogr. Amer. 32 (1838)

= Leptalix rufa (Bosc) Raf.; Alsogr. Amer. 33 (1838)

species :

Fraxinus platypoda Oliv.; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 20(2): t. 1929 (1890)

Distribution: China (Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan); Japan

36 CHI 38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Fraxinus commemoralis Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 37: 54 (1923)

= Fraxinus inopinata Lingelsh.; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 2(1): 262 (1914)

= Fraxinus longicuspis f. hortensis Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.I, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Frax.): 24 (1920)

= Fraxinus longicuspis var. sambucina (Blume) Lingelsh.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 40: 214 (1907)

= Fraxinus mandshurica var. shiojii Kudô; Nihon-yuyo-jumoku-bunruigaku 370 (1922)

= Fraxinus nipponica Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 28: 286 (1914)

= Fraxinus platypoda f. nipponica (Koidz.) Yonek.; J. Jap. Bot. 80: 327 (2005)

= Fraxinus sambucina (Blume) Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 40: 340 (1926)

= Fraxinus shikokiana Sugim.; Key Trees Shrubs Japan 333 (1936)

= Fraxinus sieboldiana var. sambucina Blume; Mus. Bot. 1: 311 (1851)

= Fraxinus spaethiana f. nipponica (Koidz.) Kurata; Ill. Imp. Forest Tr. Jap. 1: 196 (1964)

= Fraxinus spaethiana Lingelsh.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 40: 215 (1907)

= Fraxinus spaethiana var. nipponica (Koidz.) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 20: 119 (1944)

= Fraxinus verecunda Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 37: 55 (1923)

species :

Fraxinus pringlei Lingelsh.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 40: 221 (1907)

Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Michoacán, Oaxaca, Sonora, Veracruz)

79 MEX

species :

Fraxinus profunda (Bush) Bush; Britton, Man. Fl. N. States 725 (1901)

Name: Pumpkin ash

Distribution: Canada (Ontario); USA (New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, Ohio, Illinois, Michigan, Indiana, Missouri, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, Kentucky, Tennessee, District of Columbia, Delaware, Arkansas, Kansas)

72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 78 USA

Remarks: americana agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Calycomelia profunda (Bush) Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 186 (1914)

= Calycomelia tomentosa Kostel.; Allg. Med.-Pharm. Fl. 3: 1004 (1834)

= Fraxinus americana var. profunda Bush; Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 5: 147 (1894)

= Fraxinus michauxii Britton; Man. Fl. N. US. Ed. 2, 1075 (1905)

= Fraxinus pennsylvanica subsp. profunda (Bush) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 13: 6 (1983)

= Fraxinus pennsylvanica var. profunda (Bush) Sudw.; Bull. Div. Forest. U. S. D. A. 14: 329 (1897)

= Fraxinus profunda var. ashei E.J.Palmer; J. Arnold Arbor. 13: 417 (1932)

= Fraxinus tomentosa Michx.; Hist. Arb. 3: 112 (1813), nom. rej.

species :

Fraxinus punctata S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 61(1): 86-87 (1980)

Distribution: China (Hubei)

36 CHI

species :

Fraxinus purpusii Brandegee; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 90 (1910)

Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Oaxaca, Puebla, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas); Guatemala

79 MEX 80 GUA

variant :

var. vellerea (Standl. & Steyerm.) P.S.Green; Kew Bull. 46(2): 275 (1991)

Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas); Guatemala

79 MEX 80 GUA

Synonyms: hidden

= Fraxinus bicolor Standl. & Steyerm.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 73 (1944)

= Fraxinus vellerea Standl. & Steyerm.; Ptibl. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Chicago, Bot. Ser. 23: 74 (1944)

species :

Fraxinus quadrangulata Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Michaux] 2: 255 (1803)

Name: Blue ash (EN)

Distribution: Canada (Ontario); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, Ohio, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Virginia, Wisconsin, West Virginia)

72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Calycomelia quadrangulata (Michx.) Kostel.; Allg. Med.-Pharm. Fl. 3: 1004 (1834)

= Fraxinus americana var. quadrangulata (Michx.) D.J.Browne; Trees America 397 (1846), nom. rej.

= Fraxinus quadrangularis Lodd.; Cat. Pl., ed. 16: ? (1836), orth. var.

= Fraxinus quadrangulata var. subpubescens Wesm.; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 31: 114 (1892), nom. rej.

= Fraxinus tetragona Cels ex Dum.Cours.; Bot. Cult. 1: 712 (1802), nom. rej.

= Leptalix quadrangulata (Michx.) Raf.; Alsogr. Amer. 37 (1838)

species :

Fraxinus raibocarpa Regel; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 8: 685 (1884)

Distribution: Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Kunar / Nuristan)

32 TKM TZK UZB 34 AFG

Synonyms: hidden

= Fraxinus rehderi Haeckel; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 108: 33 (1938)

species :

Fraxinus reflexiflora Lundell; Wrightia 2: 107 (1960)

Distribution: Mexico (Durango)

79 MEX

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Fraxinus rufescens Lingelsh.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 40: 218 (1907)

Distribution: Mexico (Durango, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Veracruz)

79 MEX

species :

Fraxinus schiedeana Schltdl. & Cham.; Linnaea 6: 391 (1831)

Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Veracruz); Guatemala

79 MEX 80 GUA

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara dubia Willd. ex Schult. & Schult.f.; Mant. 3 [Schultes & Schultes f.] : 228 (1827) nom. illeg., non Fraxinus dubia Budantzev (fossil)

= Fraxinus dubia (Willd. ex Schult. & Schult.f.) P.S.Green & M.Née; Kew Bull. 46(2): 274 (1991), nom. illeg.

= Fraxinus petenensis Lundell; Wrightia 4: 95 (1968)

= Fraxinus schiedeana var. palmarum Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.I, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Frax.): 33 (1920)

species :

Fraxinus sieboldiana Blume; Mus. Bot. 1: 311 (1850)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Zhejiang); North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Yakushima Isl.)

36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO NNS

Synonyms: hidden

= Fraxinus angustata (Blume) Hatus.; Bot. Surv. S. Chosen, Rep.: V (1934)

= Fraxinus longicuspis f. lancea Nakai; Fl. Sylv. Kor. 10: 40 (1921)

= Fraxinus longicuspis var. sieboldiana (Blume) Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.I, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Frax.): 23 (1920)

= Fraxinus longicuspis var. subintegra Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 28: 286 (1914)

= Fraxinus mariesii Hook.f.; Bot. Mag. 109: t. 6678 (1883)

= Fraxinus quadrijuga Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 49: 419 (1935)

= Fraxinus sieboldiana f. latifolia Uyeki; Bull. Forest. Soc. Korea (Chosen Sanrin Kwaiho) 208: 4 (1942)

= Fraxinus sieboldiana f. quadrijuga (Nakai) M.Kim; Korean Endemic Pl. 555 (2017)

= Fraxinus sieboldiana f. tobana (Honda) Koidz.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 3: 41 (1934)

= Fraxinus sieboldiana var. angustata Blume; Mus. Bot. 1: 311 (1851)

= Fraxinus sieboldiana var. barbinervis Nakai; Tennenkinenbutu-Tyosa-Hokoku, Syokubutu 19: 43 (1942)

= Fraxinus sieboldiana var. pensanensis Uyeki; Bull. Forest. Soc. Korea (Chosen Sanrin Kwaiho) 208: 4 (1942)

= Fraxinus sieboldiana var. subintegra Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 28: 286 (1914)

= Fraxinus sieboldiana var. trijuga Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 49: 421 (1935)

= Fraxinus tobana Honda; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 677 (1932)

species :

Fraxinus sogdiana Bunge; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 7: 390 (1852)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; China (Xinjiang); Pakistan

32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 36 CHI 40 PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Fraxinus oxycarpa var. sogdiana (Bunge) Wenz.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 4: 176 (1883)

= Fraxinus potamophila Herder; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 41: I. 65 (1868)

= Fraxinus regelii Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 97 (1889)

= Fraxinus turkestanica Carrière; Rev. Hort. (Paris) 59: 63 (1887)

species :

Fraxinus stenolepis Urusov; Issled. Konstruir. Landshaftov Dal´n Vost. i. Sib. 5: 179 (2001)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Primorye)

31 RFE

species :

Fraxinus stylosa Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.I, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Frax.): 23 (1920)

Distribution: China (Gansu, Henan, Shaanxi, Sichuan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Fraxinus fallax Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.I, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Frax.): 23 (1920)

= Fraxinus fallax var. stylosa (Lingelsh.) Chun & J.L.Wu; J. Wuhan Bot. Res. 5(4): 348 (1987)

species :

Fraxinus suaveolens W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 12(59): 205-206 (1920)

Distribution: China (Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet; Bhutan; India (Sikkim, Uttarakhand)

36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Fraxinus sikkimensis (Lingelsh.) Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7(4): 1004-1005 (1936)

= Fraxinus paxiana var. sikkimensis Lingelsh.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 40: 217 (1907)

species :

Fraxinus trifoliolata W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(42): 106 (1916)

Distribution: China (Yunnan, Sichuan)

36 CHI

species :

Fraxinus uhdei (Wenz.) Lingelsh.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 40: 22 (1907)

Name: Shamel ash, Tropical ash

Distribution: Taiwan [I]; Hawaii [I] (Kauai [I], Oahu [I], Molokai [I], Lanai [I], Maui [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); USA [I] (California [I]); Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chiapas, Coahuila, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Zacatecas); Guatemala; Honduras; Costa Rica [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Colombia [I] (Antioquia [I], Cundinamarca [I]); Bolivia [I]

38 tai 63 haw 76 usa 79 MEX 80 cos GUA HON 81 pue 82 clm 83 bol

Synonyms: hidden

= Fraxinus americana f. ovalifolia Wenz.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 4: 182 (1883)

= Fraxinus americana var. uhdei Wenz.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 4: 182 (1883)

= Fraxinus cavekiana Standl. & Steyerm.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 74 (1944)

= Fraxinus chiapensis Lundell; Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 7: 45 (1942)

= Fraxinus hondurensis Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 17: 386 (1938)

= Fraxinus ovalifolia (Wenz.) Lingelsh.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 40: 221 (1907)

= Fraxinus uhdei var. pseudoperiptera Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.I, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Frax.): 44 (1920)

species :

Fraxinus velutina Torr.; Emory, Not. Milit. Reconn. 149 (1848)

Name: Velvet ash

Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, New Mexico, Nevada, Texas, Utah); Mexico (Aguascalientes, Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Puebla, San Luis Potosi, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Zacatecas); Argentina [I]

76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX 85 arg

Synonyms: hidden

= Fraxinus americana var. coriacea (S.Watson) Wenz.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 4: 182 (1883)

= Fraxinus americana var. pistaciifolia (Torr.) Wenz.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 4: 182 (1883)

= Fraxinus attenuata M.E.Jones; Contr. W. Bot. 12: 59 (1908)

= Fraxinus coriacea S.Watson; Amer. Naturalist 7: 302 (1873)

= Fraxinus pennsylvanica subsp. velutina (Torr.) G.S.Mill.; Cornell Univ. Agric. Exp. Sta. Mem. 335: 40 (1955)

= Fraxinus pistaciifolia Torr.; Pacif. Railr. Rep. 4(5, no. 4) [Whipple]: 128 (1857), nom. superfl.

= Fraxinus pistaciifolia var. coriacea (S.Watson) A.Gray; Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 2(1): 74 (1878)

= Fraxinus pistaciifolia var. velutina (Torr.) Sudw.; Rep. Secr. Agric. 1892: 326 (1893), nom. inval.

= Fraxinus standleyi Rehder; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 53: 208 (1917)

= Fraxinus standleyi var. lasia Rehder; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 53: 210 (1917)

= Fraxinus toumeyi Britton; North America. Trees, 803 (1908)

= Fraxinus velutina var. coriacea (S.Watson) Rehder; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 53: 206 (1917)

= Fraxinus velutina var. glabra Rehder; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 53: 207 (1917)

= Fraxinus velutina var. glabrata Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.I, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Frax.): 43 (1920)

= Fraxinus velutina var. toumeyi (Britton) Rehder; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 53: 204 (1917)

species :

Fraxinus xanthoxyloides (G.Don) A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 275 (1844)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Baghlan, Bamyan, Kabul, Kunar / Nuristan, Paktia / Khost, Parwan); Tibet; Pakistan (Baluchistan, Waziristan, Hazara, Kurram, N. W. Frontier Prov., Chitral, Swat, Astor, Gilgit, Baltistan); NW-India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand)

34 AFG 36 TIB 40 IND PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Fraxinus moorcroftiana (G.Don) Brandis; Forest Fl. N.W. India [Brandis] 304 (1874)

= Fraxinus oxyacanthifolia Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 70 (1889)

= Ornus moorcroftiana G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 57 (1837)

= Ornus xanthoxyloides (Wall.) G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 57 (1837)

species :

Fraxinus ×borzae Georgescu & Tutunaru; Contr. Bot., Chuj., 128 (1967)

Distribution: Romania

13 ROM

Remarks: Fraxinus angustifolia ssp. oxycarpa x F. pallisae

species :

Fraxinus ×cataubiensis Ashe; Bot. Gaz. 33: 230 (1902)

Distribution: USA (Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia)

78 USA

Remarks: Fraxinus americana x F. pennsylvanica

species :

Fraxinus ×hybrida Lingelsh.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 40: 220 (1907)

Distribution: USA (Florida)

78 USA

Remarks: Fraxinus americana x F. caroliniana

species :

Fraxinus ×josephi Sennen; Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.) 1925: 5073 (1925)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Fraxinus angustifolia x F. excelsior

Synonyms: hidden

= Fraxinus ×longisamara Sennen & Gonzalo; Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.) 1925: 5506 (1925)

species :

Fraxinus ×rehderiana Lingelsh.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.243.I, Heft 72 (Oleac.-Frax.): 42 (1920)

Distribution: USA (Virginia)

78 USA

Remarks: Fraxinus caroliniana x F. pennsylvanica

Synonyms: hidden

= Fraxinus caroliniana var. rehderiana (Lingelsh.) Sarg.; J. Arnold Arbor. 2: 173 (1921)

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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.01 (January 21th, 2025)

Covering 355,968 accepted species,
8,748 hybrids, 47,863 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,228 synonyms,
in total 1,418,722* names

[about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus*" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life

Contact

How to Cite:

Search

+ Family

Filter

Order

Family (26)

Genus (27)

Display options

A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.01 (January 21th, 2025)

Covering 355,968 accepted species, 8,748 hybrids, 47,863 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,228 synonyms, in total 1,418,722* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life

Covering 355,968 accepted species,
8,748 hybrids, 47,863 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,228 synonyms,
in total 1,418,722* names

[about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus*" are deliberately omitted]