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Ver. 25.01
Jan. 2nd, 2024

491.0000 Family Gentianaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. 141 (1789), nom. cons.
95 genera, ca. 1850 spp.
Species listed in database: 1859; hybrids: 23
= Chironiaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 1(104-114): 1, 36 (1823)
= Coutoubeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 168 (1820)
= Obolariaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 427 (1820)
= Potaliaceae Mart.; Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. [Martius] 2: 89, 91, 133 (1827)
= Saccifoliaceae Maguire & Pires; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 29: 242 (1978)
491.0527 Genus Frasera Walter; Fl. Carol. [Walter] 87 (1788)
Distribution: North America. The genus probably needs inclusion in a combined Swertia s. l. (as a section), but the combinations are not available yet.
Species listed in database: 15
= Ellisia Garden; L. Corresp. 1: 295 (1821)
= Leucocraspedum Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 665 (1917)
= Tessaranthium Kellogg; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2: 142 (1862)
species :
Frasera ackermaniae C.C.Newb. & Goodrich; W. N. Amer. Naturalist 70(3): 415 (2010)
Distribution: USA (Utah)
76 USA
species :
Frasera albicaulis Douglas ex Griseb.; Gen. Sp. Gent. 330 (1838)
Name: Whitestem frasera
Distribution: USA (Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington State)
73 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Frasera albicaulis f. alba H.St.John; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 41: 196 (1928)
= Frasera nitida var. albicaulis (Douglas ex Griseb.) Card; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 18: 269, pl. 14, fig. 9 (1931)
= Leucocraspedum albicaule (Douglas ex Griseb.) Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 665 (1917)
= Swertia albicaulis (Griseb.) Douglas ex Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 430 (1891)
= Swertia albicaulis f. alba (H.St.John) H.St.John; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 26: 17 (1941)
= Swertia bethelii H.St.John; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 26: 22 (1941)
= Swertia californica H.St.John; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 26: 20 (1941)
= Swertia watsonii H.St.John; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 26: 21 (1941)
variant :
var. columbiana (H.St.John) C.L.Hitchc.; Vasc. Pl. Pacif. N. W. [C.L. Hitchcock et al.] 4: 60 (1959)
Distribution: USA (Oregon, Washington State)
73 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Frasera nitida var. albida Suksd.; Werdenda 1: 30 (1927)
= Swertia albicaulis var. columbiana (H.St.John) J.S.Pringle; Phytologia 41: 142 (1979)
= Swertia columbiana f. albida (Suksd.) H.St.John; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 26: 24 (1941)
= Swertia columbiana H.St.John; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 26: 22 (1941)
variant :
var. cusickii (A.Gray) C.L.Hitchc.; Vasc. Pl. Pacif. N. W. [C.L. Hitchcock et al.] 4: 60 (1959)
Name: Cusick´s frasera
Distribution: USA (Idaho, Oregon)
73 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Frasera coerulea Mulford; Bot. Gaz. 19: 118 (1894)
= Frasera cusickii A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22: 310 (1887)
= Frasera nitida var. cusickii (A.Gray) A.Nelson & J.F.Macbr.; Bot. Gaz. 61: 33 (1916)
= Leucocraspedum coeruleum (Mulford) Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 666 (1917)
= Swertia albicaulis var. cusickii (A.Gray) J.S.Pringle; Phytologia 41: 142 (1979)
= Swertia cusickii (A.Gray) H.St.John; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 26: 25 (1941)
= Swertia lassenica H.St.John; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 26: 25 (1941)
= Swertia nitida subsp. cusickii (A.Gray) Abrams; Ill. Fl. Pacific States 3: 363 (1951)
variant :
var. idahoensis (H.St.John) C.L.Hitchc.; Vasc. Pl. Pacif. N. W. [C.L. Hitchcock et al.] 4: 60 (1959)
Name: Idaho frasera
Distribution: USA (Idaho, Oregon)
73 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia idahoensis H.St.John; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 26: 24 (1941)
= Swertia albicaulis var. idahoensis (H.St.John) J.S.Pringle; Phytologia 41(3): 142 (1979)
variant :
var. modocensis (H.St.John) Holmgren; Intermount. Fl. [Cronquist et al.] 4: 22 (1984)
Name: Modoc frasera
Distribution: USA (California, Nevada, Oregon)
73 USA 76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Frasera pahutensis Reveal; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 98(2): 107 (1971)
= Swertia albicaulis var. modocensis (H.St.John) T.N.Ho; Pl. Diversity Resources 35(3): 387 (2013)
= Swertia modocensis H.St.John; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 26: 18 (1941)
= Swertia modocensis var. adglabra H.St.John; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 26: 19 (1941)
= Swertia pahutensis (Reveal) J.S.Pringle; Phytologia 41(3): 142 (1979)
= Swertia shastaensis H.St.John; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 26: 19 (1941)
= Swertia sierrae H.St.John; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 26: 16 (1941)
variant :
var. nitida (Benth.) C.L.Hitchc.; Vasc. Pl. Pacif. N. W. [C.L. Hitchcock et al.] 4: 60 (1959)
Distribution: USA (California, Oregon)
73 USA 76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Frasera albicaulis subsp. nitida (Benth.) D.M.Post
= Frasera nitida Benth.; Pl. Hartw. [Bentham] 322 (1840)
= Swertia albicaulis var. nitida (Benth.) Jeps.; Fl. Calif. [Jepson] 3: 94 (1939)
= Swertia eastwoodiae H.St.John; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 26: 27 (1941)
= Swertia nitida (Benth.) Jeps.; Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. [Jepson] 766 (1925)
species :
Frasera albomarginata S.Watson; Bot. King´s Exped. 280 (1871)
Name: Desert frasera
Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, Nevada, Utah)
73 USA 76 USA 77 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Frasera albomarginata var. induta (Tidestr.) Card; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 18: 275 (1931)
= Frasera albomarginata var. purpusii Jeps.; Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. [Jepson] 767 (1925)
= Frasera induta Tidestr.; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 36: 183 (1923)
= Leucocraspedum albomarginatum (S.Watson) Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 665 (1917)
= Swertia albomarginata (S.Watson) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 431 (1891)
= Swertia albomarginata subsp. purpusii (Jeps.) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 12: 25 (1982)
species :
Frasera carolinensis Walter; Fl. Carol. [Walter] 88 (1788)
Name: American columbo
Distribution: Canada (Ontario); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia)
72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Frasera officinalis Barton; Fl. Virgin. (Barton) 49 (1812)
= Frasera verticillata Raf.; Med. Fl. 1: 196 (1828)
= Frasera walteri Michx.; Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 97 (1803)
= Swertia caroliniensis (Walter) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 430 (1891)
= Swertia carolinensis (Walter) Zuev; Bot. Zhurn. 75(9): 1303 (1990), isonym
= Swertia carolinensis Baill. ex Gilg; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 2: 88 (1895)
= Swertia frasera Sm.; Cycl. [A.Rees] 34: n. 3 (1816)
species :
Frasera coloradensis (C.M.Rogers) D.M.Post; Bot. Gaz. 120: 3 (1958)
Name: Colorado frasera
Distribution: USA (Colorado)
73 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia coloradensis C.M.Rogers; Madroño 10: 108 (1949)
species :
Frasera fastigiata (Pursh) A.Heller; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 312 (1897)
Name: Clustered green gentian
Distribution: USA (California, Idaho, Oregon, Washington State)
73 USA 76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Frasera thyrsiflora Hook.; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 3: 288 (1851)
= Swertia fastigiata Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 1: 101 (1813)
species :
Frasera gypsicola (Barneby) D.M.Post; Bot. Gaz. 120: 3 (1958)
Name: Sunnyside frasera
Distribution: USA (Nevada, Utah)
76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia gypsicola Barneby; Leafl. W. Bot. 3: 155 (1942)
species :
Frasera montana Mulford; Bot. Gaz. 19: 119 (1894)
Name: White frasera
Distribution: USA (Idaho)
73 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Leucocraspedum montanum Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 665 (1917)
= Swertia montana (Mulford) H.St.John; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 26: 16 (1941)
species :
Frasera neglecta H.M.Hall; Bot. Gaz. 31: 388 (1901)
Name: Pine green gentian
Distribution: USA (California)
76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia neglecta (Hall) Jeps.; Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. [Jepson] 766 (1925)
species :
Frasera paniculata Torr.; Pacif. Railr. Rep. 4 [Whipple]: 126 (1857)
Name: Tufted frasera
Distribution: USA (Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Nevada, Utah)
73 USA 76 USA 77 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Frasera utahensis M.E.Jones; Zoe 2: 13 (1891)
= Leucocraspedum utahense (M.E.Jones) Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 665 (1917)
= Swertia bigelowii Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 431 (1891)
= Swertia utahensis (M.E.Jones) H.St.John; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 26: 12 (1941)
species :
Frasera parryi Torr.; Bot. Mex. Bound. 156 (1859)
Name: Coahuila frasera
Distribution: USA (Arizona, California); Mexico (Baja California Norte)
76 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia parryi (Torr.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 430 (1891)
species :
Frasera puberulenta Davidson; Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 11: 77 (1912)
Name: Inyo frasera
Distribution: USA (California, Nevada)
76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia puberulenta (Davidson) Jeps.; Fl. Calif. [Jepson] 3: 95 (1939)
species :
Frasera speciosa Douglas ex Hook.; Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 66, t. 153 (1837)
Name: Elkweed
Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington State, Wyoming); Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León, Sonora, Tamaulipas)
73 USA 74 USA 76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Frasera ampla Greene; Pittonia 4: 186 (1900)
= Frasera angustifolia (Rydb.) Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 33: 149 (1906)
= Frasera macrophylla Greene; Pittonia 4: 186 (1900)
= Frasera scabra (M.E.Jones) Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 33: 149 (1906)
= Frasera speciosa var. angustifolia Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31: 632 (1905)
= Frasera speciosa var. scabra M.E.Jones; Zoe 4: 277 (1893)
= Frasera speciosa var. stenosepala Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31: 632 (1905)
= Frasera stenosepala (Rydb.) Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 33: 149 (1906)
= Frasera venosa Greene; Pittonia 4: 185 (1900)
= Swertia radiata (Kellogg) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 430 (1891)
= Swertia radiata var. macrophylla (Greene) H.St.John; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 26: 11 (1941)
= Swertia radiata var. maderensis Henrickson; Sida 17(1): 83 (1996)
= Tessaranthium angustifolium (Rydb.) Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 666 (1917)
= Tessaranthium macrophyllum (Greene) Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 666 (1917)
= Tessaranthium radiatum Kellogg; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2: 144 (1863)
= Tessaranthium scabrum (M.E.Jones) Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 666 (1917)
= Tessaranthium speciosum (Douglas ex Hook.) Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 666 (1917)
= Tessaranthium stenosepalum (Rydb.) Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 666 (1917)
species :
Frasera tubulosa Coville; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 7: 71 (1892)
Name: Kern frasera
Distribution: USA (California)
76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia tubulosa (Coville) Jeps.; Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. [Jepson] 767 (1925)
species :
Frasera umpquaensis M.Peck & Applegate; Madroño 6: 12 (1941)
Distribution: USA (California, Oregon)
73 USA 76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia umpquaensis (Peck & Applegate) H.St.John; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 26: 14 (1941)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.01 (January 2nd, 2025)

Covering 355,836 accepted species,
8,748 hybrids, 47,863 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,001,920 synonyms,
in total 1,418,260* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life