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Ver. 25.03
Mar. 6th, 2025

498.0000 Family Oleaceae Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 1: 62 (1809), nom. cons.
26 genera, ca. 740 spp. Systematics according to Wallander & Albert (1999)
Species listed in database: 752; hybrids: 8
= Bolivariaceae Griseb.; Gen. Sp. Gent. 20 (1839)
= Forestieraceae Meisn.; Pl. Vasc. Gen. [Meisner], Tab. Diagn. 345, Comm. 257 (1842)
= Fraxinaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 269, 288 (1818)
= Jasminaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 104 (1789)
= Ligustraceae G.Mey.; Chloris Han. 245, 254 (1836)
= Nyctanthaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 284 (1858)
= Schreberaceae Schnizl.; Iconogr. Fam. Regni Veg. 2: ad t. 151x (1857-1870)
= Syringaceae Horan.; Char. Ess. Fam. 115 (1847)
498.0553 Genus Forestiera Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 1: 132 (1810), et 2: 664 (1811)
Distribution: SE-USA, Mexico, C- and S-America, West Indies
Species listed in database: 22
= Adelia P.Browne; Civ. Nat. Hist. Jamaica 361 (1756), nom. rej.
= Bigelovia Sm.; Cycl. [A.Rees] 39(2): s. p. (1819)
= Borya Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4: 711 (1806), nom. illeg.
= Carpoxis Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 3: 89 (1838)
= Geisarina Raf.; Alsogr. Amer. 5 (1838)
= Nudilus Raf.; Atlantic J. 1: 176 (1833)
= Piptolepis Benth.; Pl. Hartw. [Bentham] 29 (1840)
species :
Forestiera acuminata (Michx.) Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 2: 664 (1812)
Name: Eastern swampprivet
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Missouri, Mississippi, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas)
74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Adelia acuminata Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Michaux] 2: 225 (1803)
= Adelia ovata Desf. ex Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 635 (1807)
= Bigelovia acuminata (Michx.) Sm.; Cycl. [A.Rees] 39: s. p. (1819)
= Borya acuminata (Michx.) Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4: 711 (1806)
= Borya obovata Desf.; Tabl. École Bot., ed. 3 (Cat. Pl. Horti Paris.) 88 (1829)
= Borya prinoides Willd.; Enum. Pl. Suppl. [Willdenow] 66 (1814)
= Borya retusa Willd.; Enum. Pl. Suppl. [Willdenow] 66 (1814)
= Carpoxis inermis Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 3: 92 (1838)
= Carpoxis nitida Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 3: 91 (1836)
= Carpoxis prinoides (Willd.) Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 3: 92 (1838)
= Carpoxis retusa (Willd.) Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 3: 92 (1838)
= Carpoxis spinosa Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 3: 92 (1838)
= Forestiera acuminata f. vestita (E.J.Palmer) M.C.Johnst.; S. W. Naturalist 2: 146 (1958)
= Forestiera acuminata var. vestita E.J.Palmer; J. Arnold Arbor. 4: 29 (1923)
= Forestiera cuneifolia Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 3: 91 (1838)
= Forestiera nitida Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 3: 91 (1838)
= Forestiera prinoides (Willd.) Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 3: 92 (1838)
= Forestiera retusa (Willd.) Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 3: 92 (1838)
species :
Forestiera angustifolia Torr.; Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 2(1): 168 (1858)
Name: Texas swampprivet
Distribution: USA (Texas); Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Zacatecas)
77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Adelia angustifolia (Torr.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 410 (1891)
= Forestiera puberula Eastw.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 44: 605 (1909)
= Forestiera texana Cory; Madroño 7: 252 (1944)
= Forestiera texana var. palmeri Cory; Madroño 7: 253 (1944)
species :
Forestiera cartaginensis Donn.Sm.; Bot. Gaz. 24: 396 (1897)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas); Guatemala; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama
79 MEX 80 COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Forestiera chiapensis Standl.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 23: 1140 (1924)
= Forestiera hondurensis Standl. & L.O.Williams; Ceiba 1: 162 (1950)
species :
Forestiera corollata Cornejo & Wallander; Ibugana 13(2): 13 (2007)
Distribution: Guatemala
80 GUA
species :
Forestiera durangensis Standl.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 23: 1140 (1924)
Distribution: Mexico (Durango, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Sinaloa, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas)
79 MEX
species :
Forestiera ecuadorensis Cornejo & Bonifaz; Brittonia 58(1): 79 (2006)
Distribution: Ecuador
83 ECU
species :
Forestiera eggersiana Krug; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 15: 339 (1893)
Distribution: Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda); Anguilla; St. Barthélémy
81 AGU PUE SBA VIR
species :
Forestiera godfreyi L.C.Anderson; Sida 11(1): 1 (1985)
Name: Godfrey´s swampprivet
Distribution: USA (Florida, Georgia, South Carolina)
78 USA
species :
Forestiera isabelae Hammel & Cornejo; Novon 19(1): 52 (2009)
Distribution: Costa Rica
80 COS
species :
Forestiera ligustrina (Michx.) Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 2: 664 (1812)
Name: Upland swampprivet
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas)
77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Adelia ligustrina Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Michaux] 2: 224 (1803)
= Bigelovia ligustrina (Michx.) Sm.; Cycl. [A.Rees] 39(2): s. p. (1819)
= Borya ligustrina (Michx.) Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4: 711 (1806)
= Forestiera autumnalis (Michx.) Buckley; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 7 (1862 publ. 1863)
= Forestiera glauca Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 3: 90 (1838)
= Forestiera verrucosa Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 3: 90 (1838)
= Forestiera wrightiana Lundell; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 29: 487 (1943)
= Geisarina verrucosa Raf.; Alsogr. Amer. 5 (1838)
= Nudilus paradoxus Raf.; Atlantic J. 1: 176 (1833)
species :
Forestiera macrocarpa Brandegee; Zoe 4: 404 (1894)
Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Sur)
79 MEX
species :
Forestiera phillyreoides (Benth.) Torr.; Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 167 (1858)
Distribution: Mexico (Aguascalientes, Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Morelos, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sonora, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Zacatecas)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Adelia phillyreoides (Benth.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 410 (1891)
= Forestiera phillyreoides var. spathulifolia Torr.; Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 2(1): 167 (1858)
= Forestiera porulosa var. phillyreoides (Benth.) A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 4: 365 (1860)
= Piptolepis phillyreoides Benth.; Pl. Hartw. [Bentham] 29 (1840)
species :
Forestiera pubescens Nutt.; Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 5: 177 (1835)
Name: Stretchberry
Distribution: USA (New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas); Mexico (Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Sonora)
74 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Adelia pubescens (Nutt.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 410 (1891)
= Forestiera pubescens var. glabrifolia Shinners; Field & Lab. 18: 99 (1950)
= Forestiera ligustrina var. pubescens (Nutt.) A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 4: 364 (1860)
variant :
var. parvifolia (A.Gray) G.L.Nesom; Lundellia 12: 12 (2009)
Name: New Mexican Forestiera
Distribution: USA (Colorado, Oklahoma, Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah, New Mexico, Texas); Mexico (Aguascalientes, Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Zacatecas)
73 USA 74 USA 76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Adelia neomexicana (A.Gray) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 410 (1891)
= Adelia parvifolia (A.Gray) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 919 (1903)
= Adelia sphaerocarpa (Torr.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 410 (1891)
= Forestiera acuminata var. parvifolia A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 4: 364 (1860)
= Forestiera arizonica (A.Gray) Rydb.; Amer. Bot. (Binghamton) 27: 62 (1921)
= Forestiera neomexicana A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 12: 63 (1877)
= Forestiera neomexicana var. arizonica A.Gray; Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 2(1): 76 (1878)
= Forestiera pubescens subsp. neomexicana (A.Gray) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 13: 6 (1983)
= Forestiera pubescens var. neomexicana (A.Gray) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 13: 6 (1983)
= Forestiera sphaerocarpa Torr.; Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 2(1): 168 (1858)
species :
Forestiera racemosa S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 25: 158 (1890)
Distribution: Mexico (Nuevo León)
79 MEX
species :
Forestiera reticulata Torr.; Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 2(1): 168 (1858)
Name: Netleaf swampprivet
Distribution: USA (Texas); Mexico (Chiapas, Coahuila, Colima, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Veracruz)
77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Adelia reticulata (Torr.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 410 (1891)
species :
Forestiera rhamnifolia Griseb.; Cat. Pl. Cub. [Grisebach] 169 (1866)
Name: Almorranilla, Careicillo, Hueso amarillo, Hueso blanco, Jaboncillo, Yaya blanca (Cuba), Caca-ravet, Graine bleue batard (Lesser Antilles)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Colima, Jalisco, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Quintana Roo, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Veracruz); Revillagigedos Isl. (Isla Socorro); Guatemala; Belize; Costa Rica; Cuba; Jamaica; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (St. Croix); Guadeloupe; Martinique; St. Lucia; Grenadines; Grenada; Barbados
79 MEX RGI 80 BLZ COS GUA 81 BBD CUB GDL GRE HIS JAM MAR PUE STL STV VIR
Synonyms: hidden
= Adelia rhamnifolia (Griseb.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 410 (1891)
= Forestiera rhamnifolia var. martinicensis Krug & Urb.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 15: 338 (1892)
variant :
var. pilosa Stearn; J. Arnold Arbor. 52: 614 (1971)
Distribution: El Salvador; Honduras; Cuba; Jamaica
80 ELS HON 81 CUB JAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Forestiera rhamnifolia subsp. pilosa (Stearn) P.A.González; Fl. Rep. Cuba, Ser. A, Pl. Vasc. 14(2): 11 (2008)
species :
Forestiera rotundifolia (Brandegee) Standl.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 23: 1140 (1924)
Distribution: Mexico (Oaxaca, Puebla, Veracruz)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Adelia rotundifolia Brandegee; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 386 (1909)
= Forestiera reticulata var. rotundifolia (Brandegee) Brooks
species :
Forestiera segregata (Jacq.) Krug & Urb.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 15: 339 (1893)
subspecies :
subsp. segregata
Name: lnk bush, Florida privet
Distribution: USA (Florida, Georgia, South Carolina); Bermuda; Bahamas; Cuba; Cayman Isl.; Jamaica; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (St. Croix, Tortola, Virgin Gorda); Anguilla; Antigua; Barbuda; Marie-Galante
78 USA 81 ABA AGU BAH BER CAY CUB GDL HIS JAM PUE VIR
Synonyms: hidden
= Adelia cassinoides (Willd.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 410 (1891)
= Adelia globularis Small; Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 3: 433 (1905)
= Adelia porulosa Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Michaux] 2: 224 (1803)
= Adelia segregata (Jacq.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 410 (1891)
= Bigelovia cassinoides (Willd.) Sm.; Cycl. [A.Rees] 39: s. p. (1819)
= Bigelovia porulosa (Michx.) Sm.; Cycl. [A.Rees] 39: s. p. (1819)
= Borya cassinoides Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4: 711 (1806)
= Borya porulosa (Michx.) Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4: 711 (1805)
= Forestiera cassinoides (Willd.) Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 2: 665 (1812)
= Forestiera ekmanii Borhidi; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 25(1-2): 51 (1979)
= Forestiera globularis (Small) Small; Shrubs Florida 107 (1913)
= Forestiera jacquiniana Didr.; Linnaea 29: 737 (1859), nom. superfl.
= Forestiera porulosa (Michx.) Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 2: 664 (1812)
= Forestiera porulosa var. jacquinii Eggers; Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 23(2): 68 (1879)
= Forestiera segregata var. stenocarpa Krug & Urb.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 15: 340 (1892)
variant :
var. pinetorum (Small) M.C.Johnst.; S. W. Naturalist 2: 143 (1958)
Name: Florida swampprivet
Distribution: USA (Florida)
78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Adelia pinetorum Small; Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 3: 433 (1905)
= Forestiera pinetorum (Small) Small; Fl. Miami [Small] 143 (1913)
= Forestiera segregata subsp. pinetorum (Small) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 13: 6 (1983)
species :
Forestiera selleana Urb. & Ekman; Ark. Bot. 22a 8: 86 (1929)
Distribution: Dominican Republic; Haiti
81 HIS
species :
Forestiera shrevei Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 17: 205 (1937)
Name: Desert olive
Distribution: USA (Arizona, New Mexico)
76 USA 77 USA
species :
Forestiera tomentosa S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 25: 158 (1890)
Distribution: Mexico (Aguascalientes, Colima, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Zacatecas)
79 MEX
species :
Forestiera veracruzana Cast.-Campos & Pal.-Wass.; Phytotaxa 512(3): 192 (2021)
Distribution: Mexico (Veracruz, Tabasco)
79 MEX
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.03 (March 6th, 2025)

Covering 356,112 accepted species,
8,776 hybrids, 48,085 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,454 synonyms,
in total 1,415,427* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life