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Ver. 25.03
Mar. 6th, 2025

406.0000 Family Cactaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 310 (1789), nom. cons.
133 genera, ca. 1700-1800 spp. There has been excessive splitting, leading to over 3000 species in some collectors view. The phylogeny is still somewhat in flux, but is getting more stabilized now. It should be good practice in the future that each ´new species´ description is confirmed by molecular genetics, not only by morphology.
Species listed in database: 1797; hybrids: 78
= Cereaceae DC. & Spreng.(transl.Jameson); Elem. Philos. Pl. 142 (1821)
= Nopaleaceae E.Schmid & Curtman; Pflanzenr. 2: 135 (1856)
= Opuntiaceae Desv.; Dict. Rais. Bot. 52, 385 (1817)
406.5887 Genus Discocactus Pfeiff.; Allg. Gartenzeitung [Otto & Dietrich] 5: 241 (1837)
Distribution: Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia
Species listed in database: 16
= Neodiscocactus Y.Itô; Cactaceae [Itô] 9, 531 (1981) (nom. nov., without full repl. syn. ref.)
species :
Discocactus bahiensis Britton & Rose; Cactaceae [Britton & Rose] 3: 220 (1922)
subspecies :
subsp. bahiensis
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Piauí, Ceara, Pernambuco, Bahia)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Discocactus bahiensis subsp. subviridigriseus (Buining & Brederoo) P.J.Braun & Esteves; Kakteen And. Sukk. 44(3): 63 (1993)
= Discocactus subviridigriseus Buining & Brederoo; Discocactus [Buining] 115 (1976)
= Discocactus subviridigriseus Buining ex J.Theun.; Succulenta (Netherlands) 56(11): 262 (1977)
= Echinocactus bahiensis (Britton & Rose) Luetzelb.; Estud. Bot. Nordéste 3: III (1923) Insp. Fed. Obras Secc. Publ. 57
subspecies :
subsp. gracilis P.J.Braun & Esteves; Kakteen And. Sukk. 52: 290 (2001)
Distribution: NE-Brazil
84 BRA
species :
Discocactus boliviensis Backeb.; Descr. Cact. Nov. [Backeberg] 3: 5 (1963)
Distribution: Bolivia (Santa Cruz)
83 BOL
Synonyms: hidden
= Neodiscocactus boliviensis (Backeb. ex Buining) Y.Itô; Cactaceae [Itô] 531 (1981), nom. inval.
species :
Discocactus catingicola Buining & Brederoo; Kakteen And. Sukk. 25: 265 (1974)
Distribution: N-Brazil (Tocantins); NE-Brazil (Piauí, Bahia); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Discocactus catingicola subsp. griseus (Buining & Brederoo) P.J.Braun & Esteves; Kakteen And. Sukk. 46(3): 64 (1995)
= Discocactus catingicola subsp. rapirhizus (Buining & Brederoo) P.J.Braun & Esteves; Kakteen And. Sukk. 44(6): 112 (1993)
= Discocactus catingicola var. griseus (Buining & Brederoo) P.J.Braun & Esteves; Kakteen And. Sukk. 44(6): 112 (1993)
= Discocactus catingicola var. nigrisaetosus (Buining & Brederoo) P.J.Braun & Esteves; Kakteen And. Sukk. 44(6): 112 (1993)
= Discocactus crassispinus P.J.Braun & Esteves; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 66(5): 228 (1994)
= Discocactus crassispinus subsp. araguaiensis P.J.Braun & Esteves; Kakteen And. Sukk. 47(9): 194 (1996)
= Discocactus estevesii Diers; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 50(2): 83 (1978)
= Discocactus griseus Buining & Brederoo; Succulenta (Netherlands) 54(10): 186 (1975)
= Discocactus heptacanthus subsp. catingicola (Buining & Brederoo) N.P.Taylor & Zappi; Cactaceae Consensus Init. 3: 7 (1997)
= Discocactus nigrisaetosus Buining & Brederoo; Discocactus [Buining] 129 (1976)
= Discocactus nigrisaetosus Buining ex J.Theun.; Succulenta (Netherlands) 56(11): 260 (1977)
= Discocactus piauiensis P.J.Braun & Esteves; Kakteen And. Sukk. 46(3): 62 (1995)
= Discocactus rapirhizus Buining & Brederoo; Ashingtonia 2(3): 44 (1975)
= Discocactus silicicola Buining & Brederoo; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 47(5): 214 (1975)
= Discocactus silvaticus Buining & Brederoo; Discocactus [Buining] 140 (?1976)
= Discocactus silvaticus Buining ex J.Theun.; Succulenta (Netherlands) 56(11): 261 (1977)
= Discocactus spinosior Buining & Brederoo; Discocactus [Buining] 146 (1976)
= Discocactus spinosior Buining ex J.Theun.; Succulenta (Netherlands) 56(11): 261 (1977)
species :
Discocactus diersianus Esteves; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 51(4): 179 (1979)
subspecies :
subsp. diersianus
Distribution: Brazil (Goiás)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Discocactus diersianus subsp. goianus (Diers & Esteves) P.J.Braun & Esteves; Kakteen And. Sukk. 46(3): 64 (1995)
= Discocactus diersianus var. goianus (Diers & Esteves) P.J.Braun & Esteves; Kakteen And. Sukk. 44(6): 113 (1993)
= Discocactus goianus Diers & Esteves; Kakteen And. Sukk. 31(3): 79 (1980)
= Discocactus lindaianus Diers & Esteves; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 53(2): 56 (1981)
subspecies :
subsp. cephaliaciculosus (Buining & Brederoo ex P.J.Braun & Esteves) Guiggi; Cactology 5(Suppl. 8): 2 (2020)
Distribution: Brazil (Goiás)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Discocactus cephaliaciculosus Buining & Brederoo; Kakteen And. Sukk. 26(5): 97 (1975)
subspecies :
subsp. nudicephalus (P.J.Braun & Esteves) Guiggi; Cactology 5(Suppl. 8): 2 (2020)
Distribution: Brazil (Tocantins)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Discocactus cephaliaciculosus subsp. nudicephalus P.J.Braun & Esteves; Kakteen And. Sukk. 43(10): 221 (1992), nom. inval., et Kakteen And. Sukk. 46(3): 63 (1995)
species :
Discocactus fariae-peresii P.J.Braun; Kakteen And. Sukk. 67(2): 34 (2016)
Distribution: WC-Brazil (Goiás)
84 BRA
species :
Discocactus ferricola Buining & Brederoo; Kakteen And. Sukk. 26(1): 2 (1975)
Distribution: Bolivia (Santa Cruz); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul)
83 BOL 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Discocactus boliviensis subsp. ferricola (Buining & Brederoo) Guiggi; Cactology 5(Suppl. 8): 2 (2020)
species :
Discocactus gentryi S.M.Hayden; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 83(2): 159 (1996)
Distribution: Peru
83 PER
Remarks: status doubtful
species :
Discocactus hartmannii (K.Schum.) Britton & Rose; Cactaceae [Britton & Rose] 3: 217 (1922)
Distribution: WC-Brazil (Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul); Paraguay (Amambay, Concepcion)
84 BRA 85 PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Discocactus hartmannii subsp. giganteus P.J.Braun & Esteves; Succulenta (Netherlands) 75(6): 260 (1996)
= Discocactus hartmannii subsp. magnimammus (Buining & Brederoo) P.J.Braun & Esteves; Kakteen And. Sukk. 46(3): 64 (1995)
= Discocactus hartmannii subsp. patulifolius (Buining & Brederoo) P.J.Braun & Esteves; Kakteen And. Sukk. 46(3): 64 (1995)
= Discocactus hartmannii var. bonitoensis (Buining & Brederoo) P.J.Braun; Kakteen And. Sukk. 36(2): 23 (1985)
= Discocactus hartmannii var. magnimammus (Buining & Brederoo) P.J.Braun; Kakteen And. Sukk. 36(2): 23 (1985)
= Discocactus hartmannii var. mamillosus (Buining & Brederoo) P.J.Braun; Kakteen And. Sukk. 36(2): 23 (1985)
= Discocactus hartmannii var. patulifolius (Buining & Brederoo) P.J.Braun; Kakteen And. Sukk. 36(2): 23 (1985)
= Discocactus heptacanthus subsp. magnimammus (Buining & Brederoo) N.P.Taylor & Zappi; Bradleya 9: 86 (1991)
= Discocactus magnimammus Buining & Brederoo; Kakteen And. Sukk. 25(11): 242 (1974)
= Discocactus magnimammus subsp. bonitoensis Buining & Brederoo; Discocactus [Buining] 204 (?1976)
= Discocactus magnimammus subsp. bonitoensis Buining ex J.Theun.; Succulenta (Netherlands) 56(11): 259 (1977)
= Discocactus mamillosus Buining & Brederoo; Kakteen And. Sukk. 25(10): 217 (1974)
= Discocactus pachythele Buining & Brederoo; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 47(4): 163 (1975)
= Discocactus patulifolius Buining & Brederoo; Kakteen And. Sukk. 25(9): 195 (1974)
= Echinocactus hartmannii K.Schum.; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 10: 170 (1900)
= Neodiscocactus hartmannii (K.Schum.) Y.Itô; Cactaceae [Itô] 532 (1981), generic name not validly publ.
species :
Discocactus heptacanthus (Rodr.) Britton & Rose; Cactaceae [Britton & Rose] 3: 218 (1922)
subspecies :
subsp. heptacanthus
Distribution: E-Bolivia; WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul)
83 BOL 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Discocactus aurantiacus var. blomianus (Kimnach) E.Meier; Kakteen And. Sukk. 48(1): 7 (1997)
= Discocactus cangaensis Diers & Esteves; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 52(3): 107 (1980)
= Discocactus flavispinus Buining & Brederoo; Discocactus [Buining] 157 (?1976)
= Discocactus flavispinus Buining ex J.Theun.; Succulenta (Netherlands) 56(11): 259 (1977)
= Discocactus hartmannii subsp. setosiflorus P.J.Braun & Esteves; Kakteen And. Sukk. 45(2): 27 (1994)
= Discocactus heptacanthus subsp. melanochlorus (Buining & Brederoo) P.J.Braun & Esteves; Kakteen And. Sukk. 44(5): 103 (1993)
= Discocactus heptacanthus var. riomortensis Braun & Esteves; (1998)
= Discocactus heptacanthus var. semicampaniflorus (Buining & Brederoo) P.J.Braun & Esteves; Kakteen And. Sukk. 44(5): 103 (1993)
= Discocactus lindanus Diers & Esteves; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 53: 56 (1981)
= Discocactus melanochlorus Buining & Brederoo; Discocactus [Buining] 135 (1976)
= Discocactus melanochlorus Buining ex J.Theun.; Succulenta (Netherlands) 56(11): 260 (1977)
= Discocactus paranaensis Backeb.; Cactaceae [Backeberg] 4: 2628 (1960)
= Discocactus semicampaniflorus Buining & Brederoo; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 47(3): 122 (1975)
= Discocactus subterraneo-proliferans Diers & Esteves; Kakteen And. Sukk. 31(9): 271 (1980)
= Malacocarpus heptacanthus Barb.Rodr.; Pl. Mattogross. 29 (1898)
= Neodiscocactus heptacanthus (Barb.Rodr.) Y.Itô; Cactaceae [Itô] 532 (1981), generic name not validly publ.
subspecies :
subsp. goiasensis P.J.Braun; Kakteen And. Sukk. 70(11): 347 (2019)
Distribution: Brazil (Goiás)
84 BRA
species :
Discocactus horstii Buining & Brederoo; Kakteen [H.Krainz] 52: CVIf (1973)
Distribution: SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais)
84 BRA
Conservation Status: extremely local and threatened
Synonyms: hidden
= Discocactus woutersianus Brederoo & Broek; Succulenta (Netherlands) 59(9): 198 (1980)
species :
Discocactus piscibarbarus N.P.Taylor & Olsthoorn; Bradleya 41: 134 (2023)
Distribution: Brazil (Minas Gerais)
84 BRA
species :
Discocactus placentiformis (Lehm.) K.Schum.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 6a: 190 (1894)
Distribution: SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cactus alteolens (Lem.) Kuntze; Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 21: 173 (1903)
= Cactus placentiformis Lehm.; Index Sem. (Hamburg) 1836: 17 (1826)
= Discocactus alteolens (Lem.) A.Dietr.; Allg. Gartenzeitung [Otto & Dietrich] 14: 202 (1846)
= Discocactus alteolens K.Schum.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 6a: 190 (1894), nom. illeg.
= Discocactus besleri F.A.C.Weber; Dict. Hort. [Bois] 1: 450 (1896), nom. superfl.
= Discocactus crystallophilus Diers & Esteves; Kakteen And. Sukk. 32(11): 261 (1981)
= Discocactus insignis Pfeiff.; Allg. Gartenzeitung [Otto & Dietrich] 5: 241 (1837), et Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 19: I.119 (1839)
= Discocactus latispinus Buining & Brederoo; Discocactus [Buining] 95 (?1976)
= Discocactus latispinus Buining ex J.Theun.; Succulenta (Netherlands) 56(11): 259 (1977)
= Discocactus latispinus subsp. pseudolatispinus (Diers & Esteves) P.J.Braun & Esteves; Kakteen And. Sukk. 44(5): 105 (1993)
= Discocactus latispinus subsp. pulvinicapitatus (Buining & Brederoo) P.J.Braun & Esteves; Kakteen And. Sukk. 44(5): 105 (1993)
= Discocactus lehmannii Pfeiff.; Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 19(1): 120 (1839), nom. illeg.
= Discocactus linkii Pfeiff.; Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 19(1): 120 (1839), nom. illeg.
= Discocactus multicolorispinus P.J.Braun & Brederoo; Kakteen And. Sukk. 32(3): 59 (1981), nom. inval.
= Discocactus placentiformis subsp. alteolens (Lem.) P.J.Braun & Esteves; Kakteen And. Sukk. 46(3): 64 (1995)
= Discocactus placentiformis subsp. multicolorispinus (P.J.Braun & Brederoo) P.J.Braun & Esteves; Kakteen And. Sukk. 44(5): 105 (1993), et Kakteen And. Sukk. 59(8): 212 (2008)
= Discocactus placentiformis subsp. pugionacanthus (Buining & Brederoo) P.J.Braun & Esteves; Kakteen And. Sukk. 46(3): 64 (1995)
= Discocactus placentiformis var. alteolens (Lem.) P.J.Braun & Esteves; Kakteen And. Sukk. 44(5): 105 (1993)
= Discocactus placentiformis var. pugionacanthus (Buining & Brederoo) P.J.Braun & Esteves; Kakteen And. Sukk. 44(5): 105 (1993)
= Discocactus pseudolatispinus Diers & Esteves; Kakteen And. Sukk. 38(10): 247 (1987)
= Discocactus pugionacanthus Buining ex J.Theun.; Succulenta (Netherlands) 56(11): 260 (1977)
= Discocactus pulvinicapitatus Buining & Brederoo; Discocactus [Buining] 100 (1976)
= Discocactus tricornis Monv. ex Pfeiff. & Otto; Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 2: t. 28 (1850)
= Echinocactus alteolens (Lam. ex A.Dietr.) K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 4(2): 246 (1890)
= Echinocactus alteolens Lem.; Hort. Vanhoutt. 1: Fasc. 2, 23, 43 (1846)
= Echinocactus placentiformis (Lehm.) K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 4(2): 246 (1890)
= Echinocactus tricornis Monv. ex A.Dietr.; Allg. Gartenzeitung [Otto & Dietrich] 14: 203 (1846)
= Melocactus besleri Link & Otto; Verh. Vereins Beförd. Gartenbaues Königl. Preuss. Staaten 3: 420 (1827)
= Melocactus placentiformis (Lehm.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 3: 460 (1828)
species :
Discocactus prominentigibbus Diers & Esteves; Kakteen And. Sukk. 39(1): 18 (1988)
Distribution: Brazil (Tocantins)
84 BRA
Remarks: status uncertain, often included in D. catingicola. Highly threatened and possibly extinct
species :
Discocactus pseudoinsignis N.P.Taylor & Zappi; Bradleya 9: 86 (1991)
Distribution: SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais)
84 BRA
species :
Discocactus squamibaccatus Buining & Brederoo; Discocactus [Buining] 183 (1976)
Distribution: Brazil (Goiás)
84 BRA
Remarks: status uncertain, often included in D. heptacanthus
Conservation Status: extremely local and threatened, possibly extinct
Synonyms: hidden
= Discocactus squamibaccatus Buining ex J.Theun.; Succulenta (Netherlands) 56(11): 261 (1977)
= Discocactus squamibaccatus var. longiflorus P.J.Braun & Esteves; (1998)
species :
Discocactus zehntneri Britton & Rose; Cactaceae [Britton & Rose] 3: 218 (1922)
subspecies :
subsp. zehntneri
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia, ?Piaui)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Discocactus zehntneri subsp. mirohalfarii Zachar; Kaktusy (Brno) 57(3): 95-98 (2021), nom. inval.
= Echinocactus zehntneri (Britton & Rose) Luetzelb.; Estud. Bot. Nordéste 3: 111 (1923)
subspecies :
subsp. alagoinhensis Zachar & Halfar; Kaktusy (Brno) 57(4): 115 (2021)
Distribution: Brazil (Piauí)
84 BRA
subspecies :
subsp. albispinus (Buining & Brederoo) P.J.Braun & Esteves; Kakteen And. Sukk. 46(3): 64 (1995)
Distribution: Brazil (Bahia)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Discocactus albispinus Buining & Brederoo; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 46(6): 253 (1974)
= Discocactus zehntneri f. albispinus (Buining & Brederoo) Ríha; Kaktusy (Brno) 19(2): 26 (1983)
= Discocactus zehntneri var. albispinus (Buining & Brederoo) P.J.Braun; Succulenta (Netherlands) 69(10): 215 (1990)
subspecies :
subsp. araneispinus (Buining & Brederoo) P.J.Braun & Esteves; Kakteen And. Sukk. 46(3): 64 (1995)
Distribution: Brazil (Bahia)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Discocactus araneispinus Buining & Brederoo; Discocactus [Buining] 39 (1976)
= Discocactus araneispinus Buining ex J.Theun.; Succulenta (Netherlands) 56(11): 258 (1977)
= Discocactus zehntneri var. araneispinus (Buining & Brederoo ex J.Theun.) P.J.Braun; Succulenta (Netherlands) 69(10): 215 (1990)
subspecies :
subsp. boomianus (Buining & Brederoo) N.P.Taylor & Zappi; Bradleya 9: 86 (1991)
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Discocactus boomianus Buining & Brederoo; Succulenta (Netherlands) 50(2): 26 (1971)
= Discocactus zehntneri var. boomianus (Buining & Brederoo) P.J.Braun; Succulenta (Netherlands) 69(10): 218 (1990)
subspecies :
subsp. buenekeri (W.R.Abraham) P.J.Braun & Esteves; Kakteen And. Sukk. 44(3): 64 (1993)
Distribution: Brazil (Bahia)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Discocactus buenekeri W.R.Abraham; Kakteen And. Sukk. 38(11): 284 (1987)
subspecies :
subsp. horstiorum (P.J.Braun) P.J.Braun & Esteves; Kakteen And. Sukk. 46(3): 64 (1995)
Distribution: Brazil (Bahia)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Discocactus zehntneri var. horstiorum P.J.Braun; Succulenta (Netherlands) 69(10): 218 (1990)
subspecies :
subsp. petr-halfari (Zachar) M.R.Santos & M.C.Machado; Phytotaxa 207(2): 209 (2015)
Distribution: NE-Brazil
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Discocactus bahiensis subsp. petr-halfari (Zachar) P.J.Braun & Esteves; Kakteen And. Sukk. 59(7): 184 (2008)
= Discocactus petr-halfari Zachar; Kaktusy (Brno) 44(2): 45 (2008)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.03 (March 6th, 2025)

Covering 356,112 accepted species,
8,776 hybrids, 48,085 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,454 synonyms,
in total 1,415,427* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life