Search

Reset
* Only valid names are shown as results

Filter

Reset

Order

Family (14)

Genus (738)

Prev genus | Next genus

Display options

Ver. 25.03
Mar. 6th, 2025

134.0000 Family Orchidaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 64 (1789), nom. cons.
over 800 genera, more than 30.000 spp. worldwide, mostly tropical
Species listed in database: 30538; hybrids: 1461
= Apostasiaceae Lindl.; Nix. Pl. 22 (1833), nom. cons.
= Cypripediaceae Lindl.; Nix. Pl. 22 (1833)
= Limodoraceae Horan.; Char. Ess. Fam. 44 (1847)
= Liparidaceae Vines; Stud. Text-book Bot. 2: 567 (1895)
= Neottiaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat. 50 (1834)
= Neuwiediaceae R.Dahlgren ex Reveal & Hoogland; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia, Sér. 4, 13: 91 (1991)
= Ophrydaceae Vines; Stud. Text-book Bot. 2: 566 (1895)
= Pycnanthaceae Ravenna; Onira 12(6): 29 (2011)
= Vanillaceae Lindl.; Key Bot. 73 (1835)
134.5105 Genus Cephalanthera Rich.; Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 4: 51 (1818)
Distribution: Temperate Eurasia, incl. (6) European part of Russia, Northern Caucasus, Middle Asia, Far East (4)
Species listed in database: 21; hybrids: 6
= Callithronum Ehrh.; Beitr. Naturk. [Ehrhart] 4: 148 (1789)
= Dorycheile Rchb.; Deut. Bot. Herb.-Buch 56 (1841)
= Eburophyton A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 1: 48 (1904)
= Lonchophyllum Ehrh.; Beitr. Naturk. [Ehrhart] 4: 148 (1789)
= Tangtsinia S.C.Chen; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 10: 194 (1965)
= Xiphophyllum Ehrh.; Beitr. Naturk. [Ehrhart] 4: 148 (1789)
species :
Cephalanthera austiniae (A.Gray) A.Heller; Cat. N. Amer. Pl., ed. 2: 4 (1900)
Name: Ghost Orchid, Phantom Orchid, Snow Orchid
Distribution: C-Canada (SW-British Columbia); NW-USA (Washington, Idaho, Oregon, California)
71 CDN 73 USA 76 USA
Remarks: Subgen. Eburophyton
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalanthera austiniae (A.Gray) Benth. & Hook.f.; Gen. Pl. [Bentham & Hooker f.] 3: 619 (1883)
= Cephalanthera oregana Rchb.f.; Linnaea 41: 53 (1876), nom. rej.
= Chloraea austiniae A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 12: 83 (1877)
= Chloraea oregana (Rchb.f.) Nutt. ex Benth. & Hook.f.; Gen. Pl. [Bentham & Hooker f.] 3: 619 (1883)
= Eburophyton austiniae (A.Gray) A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 1: 49 (1904)
= Epipactis austiniae (A.Gray) Wettst.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 39: 429 (1889)
= Epipactis oregana (Rchb.f.) Wettst.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 39: 429 (1889)
= Limodorum austiniae (A.Gray) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 671 (1891)
= Limodorum oreganum (Rchb.f.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 671 (1891)
= Serapias austiniae (A.Gray) A.A.Eaton; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 21: 66 (1908)
species :
Cephalanthera calcarata S.C.Chen & K.Y.Lang; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 8(3): 271 (1986)
Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Cephalanthera caucasica Kraenzl.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 65: 67 (1931)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus (Daghestan); Georgia [Caucasus]; S-Azerbaijan (Talysh); Iran (N-Iran: Golestan, Gilan, Mazandaran, Khorasan)
33 AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN
Remarks: often included in C. kotschyana
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalanthera acuminata Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 4: 78 (1852), nom. illeg.
= Cephalanthera damasonium subsp. caucasica (Kraenzl.) H.Sund.; Europ. Medit. Orchid., ed. 3: 41 (1980)
species :
Cephalanthera cucullata Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 1, 2(13): 12 (1853)
Distribution: Crete (mountains: Lefka Ori, Ida, Dikti)
13 KRI
Remarks: cucullata agg.
Conservation Status: IUCN V, rare, endangered
Synonyms: hidden
= Epipactis cucullata (Boiss. & Heldr.) Wettst.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 39: 429 (1889), nom. illeg.
= Limodorum cucullatum (Boiss. & Heldr.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 672 (1891), nom. illeg.
= Serapias cucullata (Boiss. & Heldr.) A.A.Eaton; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 21: 67 (1908)
species :
Cephalanthera damasonium (Mill.) Druce; Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist. 225 (1906)
Name: Bleiches Waldvöglein, Weißes Waldvöglein (DE), White Helleborine (EN)
Distribution: England (S-England); Denmark; Sweden; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin [I], Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; ?Portugal; Spain; Baleares; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Greece (mountains of mainland, Evvoia, Kerkyra, Kefalonia, Samothraki, Mt. Athos); Crete; European Turkey; Estonia; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; European Russia (W-European Russia, C-European Russia); Algeria; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus] (Imereti, Kartli,Trialiti, Abkhazia); Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey; N-Iran; Cyprus; China (N- to NW-Yunnan); Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya); Myanmar (Kachin, Chin)
10 DEN GRB SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 BAL COR FRA SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 EST KRY MLD RUS UKR 20 ALG 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 CYP IRN TUR 36 CHI 40 BHU IND 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalanthera alba (Crantz) Fritsch; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 38: 81 (1888), isonym
= Cephalanthera alba (Crantz) Simonk.; Enum. Fl. Transsilv. 504 (1886)
= Cephalanthera alba var. adenophora R.Keller; Fl. Schweiz [Schinz], ed. 3: 75 (1914)
= Cephalanthera damasonium lusus ochroleuca (Baumg.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 16 (3-41: 367 (1971)
= Cephalanthera damasonium f. collina (Zapal.) Soó; Ann. Univ. Sci. Budapest. Rolando Eötvös, Sect. Biol. 11: 54 (1969)
= Cephalanthera damasonium f. gracilis (Zapal.) Soó; Ann. Univ. Sci. Budapest. Rolando Eötvös, Sect. Biol. 11: 54 (1969)
= Cephalanthera damasonium f. spicata (W.Zimm.) Soó; Ann. Univ. Sci. Budapest. Rolando Eötvös, Sect. Biol. 11: 54 (1969)
= Cephalanthera grandiflora Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 210 (1821), nom. illeg.
= Cephalanthera lancifolia (Murray) Dumort.; Fl. Belg. [Dumortier] 134 (1827)
= Cephalanthera latifolia f. adenophora (R.Keller) Soó; Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 23: 113 (1928)
= Cephalanthera latifolia f. collina (Zapal.) Soó; Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 23: 112 (1928)
= Cephalanthera latifolia f. gracilis (Zapal.) Soó; Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 23: 113 (1928)
= Cephalanthera latifolia f. pienena (Zapal.) Soó; Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 23: 113 (1928)
= Cephalanthera latifolia f. spicata (W.Zimm.) Soó; Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 23: 112 (1928)
= Cephalanthera latifolia Janch.; Mitt. Naturwiss. Vereins Univ. Wien 5: 11 (1907)
= Cephalanthera ochroleuca (Baumg.) Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 140 (20) (1830)
= Cephalanthera pallens Rich.; Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 4: 60 (1818)
= Cephalanthera pallens subsp. ochroleuca (Baumg.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 687 (1882)
= Cephalanthera pallens var. collina Zapal.; Consp. Fl. Galic. Crit. 1: 223 (1906)
= Cephalanthera pallens var. gracilis Zapal.; Consp. Fl. Galic. Crit. 1: 223 (1906)
= Cephalanthera pallens var. pienena Zapal.; Consp. Fl. Galic. Crit. 1: 223 (1906)
= Cephalanthera yunnanensis Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7: 1339 (1936)
= Cymbidium pallens Sw.; J. Bot. [Schrader] 2: 225 (1799), nom. illeg.
= Epipactis alba Crantz; Stirp. Austr. Fasc., ed. 2, 6: 460 (1769)
= Epipactis alba f. spicata W.Zimm.; Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 23: 11 (1917)
= Epipactis lancifolia (Murray) F.W.Schmidt; Samml. Phys.-Oekon. Aufsätze 1: 252 (1795)
= Epipactis ochroleuca Baumg.; Enum. Stirp. Transsilv. 3: 174 (1817)
= Epipactis pallens Sw.; Neues J. Bot. 1(1): 65 (1805), nom. illeg.
= Epipactis pallida Sw.; Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 21: 232 (1800)
= Serapias damasonium Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 2 (1768)
= Serapias grandiflora subsp. lancifolia (Murray) Ehrh.; Beitr. Naturk. [Ehrhart] 1: 109 (1787), nom. inval.
= Serapias grandiflora var. lancifolia (Murray) Merrem; 401 (1809)
= Serapias lancifolia (L.) Roth; Tent. Fl. Germ. 2(2): 409 (1793)
= Serapias lancifolia Murray; Syst. Veg., ed. 14 [J.A.Murray] 815 (1784)
= Serapias latifolia Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 4 (1768), nom. illeg.
= Serapias ochroleuca (Baumg.) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 1: 766 (1821)
= Serapias pallens (Sw.) S.B.Jundz.; Opisan. Rósl. 268 (1830)
= Serapias tota-alba Gilib.; Exerc. Phyt. 2: 493 (1792), opus utique oppr.
species :
Cephalanthera epipactoides Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 4, 1: 30 (1854)
Name: Gesporntes Waldvöglein (DE); Eastern Hooded Helleborine (EN)
Distribution: NE-Greece (Nomos Evrou, Samothraki); European Turkey; SE-European Russia (Krasnodar); Georgia [Caucasus] (Abkhazia); Armenia; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Chios, Samos, Kos, Simi, Rhodos); Turkey (W-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia)
13 GRC TUE 14 RUS 33 ARM GEO 34 EAI TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalanthera cucullata subsp. epipactoides (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) H.Sund.; Europ. Medit. Orchid., ed. 2: 45 (1975)
species :
Cephalanthera erecta (Thunb.) Blume; Coll. Orchid. 188 (1858)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Kuril Isl.); China (Anhui, N-Fujian, NW-Gansu, N-Guangdong, N-Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Jiangxi, S-Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu); Taiwan; Bhutan
31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR TAI 40 BHU
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalanthera erecta f. pelorica H.Hayak. & Suetsugu; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 71(2): 165 (2020)
= Cephalanthera erecta f. subaphylla (Miyabe & Kudô) M.Hiroe; Orchid Flowers 2: 63 (1971)
= Cephalanthera erecta var. oblanceolata N.Pearce & P.J.Cribb; Edinburgh J. Bot. 58(1): 110 (2001)
= Cephalanthera erecta var. subaphylla (Miyabe & Kudô) Ohwi; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 33: 69 (1953)
= Cephalanthera erecta var. szechuanica Schltr. ex H.Limpr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 12: 342 (1922)
= Cephalanthera nanlingensis A.Q.Hu & F.W.Xing; Novon 19: 56 (2009)
= Cephalanthera subaphylla f. conformis H.Hayak.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 67(3): 200 (2016)
= Cephalanthera subaphylla f. leucophylla Suetsugu; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 68(3): 200 (2017)
= Cephalanthera subaphylla Miyabe & Kudô; J. Fac. Agric. Hokkaido Imp. Univ. 26: 373 (1932)
= Cephalanthera szechuanica (Schltr.) Schltr.; Acta Horti Gothob. 1: 146 (1924)
= Cymbidium erectum (Thunb.) Sw.; J. Bot. [Schrader] 1799(2): 226 (1800)
= Epipactis erecta (Thunb.) Sw.; Neues J. Bot. 1: 65 (1805)
= Limodorum erectum (Thunb.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 671 (1891)
= Serapias erecta Thunb.; Syst. Veg., ed. 14 [J.A.Murray] 816 (1784)
species :
Cephalanthera ericiflora Szlach. & Mytnik; Acta Soc. Bot. Poloniae 77(3): 213 (2008)
Distribution: Laos
41 LAO
species :
Cephalanthera exigua Seidenf.; Bot. Tidsskr. 70(1): 71 (1975)
Distribution: N-Thailand; Laos
41 LAO THA
species :
Cephalanthera falcata (Thunb.) Blume; Coll. Orchid. 187 (1858)
Distribution: China (Anhui, NW-Fujian, N-Guangdong, N-Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, W-Yunnan, Zhejiang); South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)
36 CHI 38 JAP KOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalanthera bijiangensis S.C.Chen; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 25(6): 472 (1987)
= Cephalanthera elegans Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 4: 58 (1919)
= Cephalanthera falcata f. albescens S.Kobay.; J. Geobot. 15(1â?"3): 15 (1966)
= Cephalanthera falcata f. conformis H.Hayak. & J.Yokoy.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 65(3): 136 (2014)
= Cephalanthera falcata var. flava X.H.Jin & S.C.Chen; Native Orchids Gaoligongshan Mountain 140 (2009)
= Cephalanthera japonica A.Gray; Narr. Exped. China Seas Japan 1852-1854 [M.C. Perry] 2: 319 (1857)
= Cephalanthera platycheila Rchb.f.; Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 3: 335 (1845)
= Cephalanthera raymondiae Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 12: 342 (1922)
= Cymbidium falcatum (Thunb.) Sw.; J. Bot. [Schrader] 2: 226 (1799)
= Epipactis falcata (Thunb.) Sw.; Neues J. Bot. 1: 66 (1805)
= Limodorum falcatum (Thunb.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 672 (1891), nom. illeg.
= Pelexia falcata (Thunb.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 704 (1826)
= Pelexia japonica Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 704 (1826)
= Serapias falcata Thunb.; Fl. Jap. [Thunberg] 28 (1784) ex A. Murray, Linnaeus, Syst. Veg., ed. 14: 816 (1784)
species :
Cephalanthera gracilis S.C.Chen & Y.B.Luo; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 24(5): 600 (2002)
Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Cephalanthera humilis X.H.Jin; Nordic J. Bot. 29(5): 598 (2011)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Cephalanthera kotschyana Renz & Taubenheim; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 38(1): 97 (1980)
Name: Kotschys Waldvöglein
Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Azerbaijan; Turkey (NE-Anatolia: Samsun, Ordu)
33 AZE GEO 34 TUR
Conservation Status: IUCN R
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalanthera damasonium subsp. kotschyana (Renz & Taubenh.) H.Sund.; Europ. Medit. Orchid., ed. 3: 41 (1980):
= Cephalanthera pallens Hohen.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 11: 257 (1838), nom. illeg.
species :
Cephalanthera kurdica Bornm. ex Kraenzl.; Bull. Herb. Boissier 3: 143 (1895)
Name: Kurdisches Waldvöglein
Distribution: Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (NE-Anatolia: Pontus); NW-Iraq; W-Iran (Kurdistan); NW-Syria
33 ARM AZE 34 IRN IRQ SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalanthera andrusi Post; Bull. Herb. Boissier 3: 163 (1895)
= Cephalanthera cucullata subsp. floribunda (Woronow) H.Sund.; Europ. Medit. Orchid., ed. 2: 45 (1975)
= Cephalanthera cucullata subsp. kurdica (Bornm. ex Kraenzl.) H.Sund.; Europ. Medit. Orchid., ed. 2: 45 (1975)
= Cephalanthera cucullata var. kurdica (Bornm. ex Kraenzl.) Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 27(2): 509 (1910)
= Cephalanthera floribunda Woronow; Vestn. Tiflissk. Bot. Sada 10: 22 (1908)
= Cephalanthera kurdica subsp. floribunda (Woronow) Soó; Ann. Univ. Sci. Budapest. Rolando Eötvös, Sect. Biol., 11: 55 (1969)
= Serapias kurdica (Bornm. ex Kraenzl.) A.A.Eaton; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 21: 67 (1908)
= Limodorum turkestanicum Litv.; Trav. Mus. Bot. Acad. Pétersb. 1: 18 (1902)
species :
Cephalanthera longibracteata Blume; Coll. Orchid. 188 (1858)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Kuril Isl., Primorye, Sakhalin); China (S-Jilin, Liaoning); North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)
31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalanthera ensifolia var. longibracteata (Blume) Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 209 (1866)
= Cephalanthera longibracteata f. lurida Hayashi; Bull. Gov. Forest Exp. Sta. 170: 83, t. 4, fig. 18 (1964)
= Epipactis longibracteata (Blume) Wettst.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 39: 428 (1889)
= Limodorum longibracteatum (Blume) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 671 (1891)
= Serapias longibracteata (Blume) A.A.Eaton; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 21: 67 (1908)
species :
Cephalanthera longifolia (L.) Fritsch; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 38: 81 (1888)
subspecies :
subsp. longifolia
Name: Langblättriges Waldvöglein, Schwertblättriges Waldvöglein (DE); Narrow-leaved Helleborine (EN)
Distribution: England (England, Wales, Scotland); Ireland (Ireland, +Northern Ireland); Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; +Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, +Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; Baleares; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Greece (widespread mainland, Kerkyra, Ionian Isl., Thasos, Samothraki, Sporades, Naxos); Crete (W-Crete, Ida); European Turkey; Estonia; +Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; European Russia (C-European Russia, W-European Russia, E-European Russia); Siberia (W-Siberia); Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus] (Abkhazia, Racha-Lechkhumi, Imereti, Guria, Kartli, Kakheti, Trialeti); Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Talysh); East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Chios, Ikaria, Samos, Rhodos); Turkey; Iran; Afghanistan; Cyprus; Lebanon; Syria; Israel; Jordania; China (NW-Gansu, W-Henan, W-Hubei, S-Shaanxi, S-Shanxi, W-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet; Japan; Taiwan; NE-Pakistan (Kurram, Swat, Chitral); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Manipur, Mizoram, Sikkim, Uttarakhand)
10 DEN FIN GRB IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO BAL COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT MLD RUS UKR 20 ALG MOR TUN 30 SIB 32 KGZ TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG CYP EAI IRN ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR 36 CHI TIB 38 JAP TAI 40 BHU IND NEP PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalanthera acuminata Lindl. ex Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] 247, no. 7405 (1832), nomen
= Cephalanthera acuminata Wall. ex Lindl.; Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 412 (1840)
= Cephalanthera alpicola Fukuy.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 52: 242 (1938)
= Cephalanthera alpicola var. shizuoi (F.Maek.) T.Hashim.; Proc. 12th World Orchid Conf. 1987 (eds. K. Saito & R. Tanaka): 120 (1987)
= Cephalanthera angustifolia Simonk.; Enum. Fl. Transsilv. (1886) 505
= Cephalanthera ensifolia (L.) Rich.; Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 4: 60, 1818) 38
= Cephalanthera ensifolia f. citrina (M.Schulze) Hegi; 382 (1909)
= Cephalanthera ensifolia var. acuminata (Wall. ex Lindl.) Tang & F.T.Wang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 1: 67 (1951)
= Cephalanthera ensifolia var. cesari-gonzalezii Rivas Goday & Bellot; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 6: 191 (1948)
= Cephalanthera ensifolia var. maravignae (Tineo) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 687 (1882)
= Cephalanthera erecta var. shizuoi (F.Maek.) Ohwi ex K.Inoue; Fl. Jap. [Iwatsuki et al., eds.] 4b: 256 (2016)
= Cephalanthera lonchophylla Rchb.f.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. [H.G.L.Reichenbach] 13-14: t. 119 (1851), nom. illeg.
= Cephalanthera longifolia f. angustifolia Maire & Weiller; Fl. Afrique N. 6: 359 (1959 publ. 1960), nom. illeg.
= Cephalanthera longifolia f. conformis Suetsugu & H.Hayak.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 70(2): 136 (2019)
= Cephalanthera longifolia f. latifolia (Maire) Maire & Weiller; Fl. Afrique N. 6: 359 (1959 publ. 1960)
= Cephalanthera longifolia f. longibracteata (Harz) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 3: 877 (1907)
= Cephalanthera longifolia f. pilosa (Harz) Soó; Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 23: 114 (1928)
= Cephalanthera longifolia f. pumila Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 3: 876 (1907)
= Cephalanthera longifolia var. gibbosa Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 5: 85 (1882)
= Cephalanthera longifolia var. latifolia (Maire) D.Rivera & Lopez Velez; Orquíd. Prov. Albacete 55 (1987)
= Cephalanthera longifolia var. longibracteata Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 3: 877 (1907)
= Cephalanthera longifolia var. pilosa Harz; Fl. Deutschl. [Schlechtendal], ed. 5, Neuer Abdruck, 4: 330 (1896)
= Cephalanthera longifolia var. pumila Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 3: 876 (1907)
= Cephalanthera longifolia var. rosea Perko; Ber. Arbeitskreis. Heimische Orchid. 19(1): 9 (2002)
= Cephalanthera mairei Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 4: 58 (1919)
= Cephalanthera maravignae Tineo; Fl. Sicul. Syn. 2: 877 (1844)
= Cephalanthera shizuoi F.Maek.; Iconogr. Pl. Asiae Orient. 1: 58 (1936)
= Cephalanthera taiwaniana S.S.Ying; Mem. Coll. Agric. Natl. Taiwan Univ. 28(2): 37 (1988)
= Cephalanthera thomsonii Rchb.f.; Linnaea 41: 54 (1876)
= Cephalanthera xiphophyllum (Sw.) Rchb.f.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. [H.G.L.Reichenbach] 13-14: 135 (1851) (xyphophyllum)
= Cephalanthera xiphophyllum var. latifolia Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 5: 239 (1914)
= Cymbidium xiphophyllum (Ehrh. ex L.f.) Sw.; J. Bot. [Schrader] 1799(2): 226 (1800)
= Epipactis ensifolia (Murray) F.W.Schmidt; Samml. Phys.-Oekon. Aufsätze 1: 251 (1795)
= Epipactis grandiflora (L.) Sm.; Engl. Bot., t. 271 (1795)
= Epipactis grandifolia All.; Fl. Pedem. 2: 152 (1785)
= Epipactis longifolia (L.) All.; Fl. Pedem. 2: 152 (1785)
= Epipactis longifolia var. gibbosa (Boiss.) W.Zimm.; Form. Orchid. Deutschl. 81 (1912)
= Epipactis longifolia var. longibracteata Harz; Fl. Deutschl. [Schlechtendal], ed. 5, Neuer Abdruck, 4: 330 (1895 publ. 1896)
= Epipactis longifolia var. pilosa Harz; Fl. Deutschl. [Schlechtendal], ed. 5, Neuer Abdruck, 4: 330 (1895 publ. 1896)
= Epipactis xiphophylla (Ehrh. ex L.f.) Sw.; Neues J. Bot. 1(1): 65 (1805)
= Helleborine longifolia (L.) Moench; Methodus [Moench] 715 (1794)
= Limodorum acuminatum (Wall. ex Lindl.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 672 (1891)
= Limodorum grandiflorum (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 672 (1891), nom. illeg.
= Limodorum longifolium (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 672 (1891), nom. illeg.
= Serapias alba (Crantz) Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 8 (1796), nom. superfl.
= Serapias ensifolia (L.f.) Murray; Syst. Veg., ed. 14 [J.A.Murray] 815 (1784)
= Serapias grandiflora L.; Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 2: 594 (1767), nom. illeg.
= Serapias grandiflora Oeder; Fl. Dan. [Oeder et al.] t. 506 (1770)
= Serapias grandiflora subsp. ensifolia (L.f.) Ehrh.; Beitr. Naturk. [Ehrhart] 1: 109 (1787)
= Serapias grandiflora var. ensifolia (Murray) Merrem; 401 (1809)
= Serapias grandiflora var. ensifolia L.f.; Suppl. Pl. [Linnaeus f.] 404 (1782)
= Serapias helleborine var. longifolia L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 950 (1753)
= Serapias lonchophyllum L.f.; Suppl. Pl. [Linnaeus f.] 405 (1782), nom. illeg.
= Serapias longifolia (L.) Huds.; Fl. Angl. [Hudson] ed. 1: 341 (1762)
= Serapias longifolia (L.) L.; Sp. Pl., ed. 2 [Linnaeus] 1345 (1763), isonym
= Serapias longifolia (L.) Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 2: 202 (1772), isonym
= Serapias nivea Vill.; Hist. Pl. Dauphiné [Villars] 2: 52 (1787), nom. superfl.
= Serapias pallida Wahlenb.; Fl. Carpat. Princ. 291 (1814)
= Serapias xiphophyllum Ehrh. ex L.f.; Suppl. Pl. [Linnaeus f.] 404 (1782)
subspecies :
subsp. conferta B.Baumann & H.Baumann; J. Eur. Orch. 37(2): 249, 251 (2005)
Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia: Hatay); Lebanon; Syria (NW-Syria); Israel (Carmel Mts.); Jordania
34 ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalanthera conferta (B.Baumann & H.Baumann) Kreutz; Eurorchis 17: 104 (2005)
= Cephalanthera conferta (B.Baumann & H.Baumann) P.Delforge; Naturalistes Belges 96(Orchid. 28): 14 (2015), isonym
species :
Cephalanthera nanchuanica (S.C.Chen) X.H.Jin & X.G.Xiang; Taxon 61(1): 52 (2012)
Distribution: China (Chongqing, N-Guizhou)
36 CHI
Conservation Status: IUCN R, has not been collected for many years
Synonyms: hidden
= Tangtsinia nanchuanica S.C.Chen; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 10: 195 (1965)
species :
Cephalanthera pusilla (Hook.f.) Seidenf.; Bot. Tidsskr. 70(1): 72 (1975)
Distribution: Myanmar (Bago)
41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Aphyllorchis pusilla (Hook.f.) Tang & F.T.Wang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 1(1): 66 (1951)
= Galeola pusilla Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 6: 89 (1896)
species :
Cephalanthera rubra (L.) Rich.; De Orchid. Eur. 38 (1817), et Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 4: 60 (1818)
Name: Rotes Waldvöglein (DE), Red Helleborine (EN)
Distribution: England (S-England); S-Finland; Denmark; Norway; Sweden; +Netherlands; ?Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland, +Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Greece ; Crete [I]; European Turkey; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; European Russia (C-European Russia, W-European Russia, E-European Russia); Morocco; Algeria; Turkmenistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus] (Abkhazia, Racha-Lechkhumi, Imereti, Kartli, Kakheti, Kvemo Kartli); Armenia; Azerbaijan; S-Azerbaijan (Talysh); East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Samos); Turkey; Iran; Cyprus; Lebanon; Syria
10 DEN FIN GRB NOR SWE 11 AUT CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS kri MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT MLD RUS UKR 20 ALG MOR 32 TKM 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 CYP EAI IRN LEB SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalanthera comosa Tineo; Fl. Sicul. Syn. 2: 877 (1844)
= Cephalanthera rubra lusus albiflora (Harz) Touss. & Hoschedé; Fl. Vernon 254 (1898)
= Cephalanthera rubra f. alba Raynaud; Orchid. Maroc 93 (1985), no type indicated.
= Cephalanthera rubra f. comosa (Tineo) Robatsch; Wulfenia 7: 104 (2000)
= Cephalanthera rubra f. latior Zapal.; Consp. Fl. Galic. Crit. 1: 222 (1906)
= Cephalanthera rubra f. parviflora (Harz) Soó; Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 23: 115 (1928)
= Cephalanthera rubra f. tenczyniensis (Zapal.) Soó; Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 23: 115 (1928)
= Cephalanthera rubra var. albiflora Murr; 62 (1895), nom. inval.
= Cephalanthera rubra var. comosa (Tineo) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 687 (1882)
= Cephalanthera rubra var. leucantha Bordz.; Fl. URSR 3: 349 (1950)
= Cephalanthera rubra var. parviflora (Harz) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 3: 879 (1907)
= Cephalanthera rubra var. tenczyniensis Zapal.; Consp. Fl. Galic. Crit. 1: 222 (1906)
= Cymbidium rubrum (L.) Sw.; J. Bot. [Schrader] 2: 226 (1800)
= Dorycheile rubra (L.) Fuss; Fl. Transsilv. 628 (1866)
= Epipactis purpurea Crantz; Stirp. Austr. Fasc., ed. 2, 6: 457 (1769)
= Epipactis rubra (L.) All.; Fl. Pedem. 2: 153 (1785)
= Epipactis rubra (L.) F.W.Schmidt; Samml. Phys.-Oekon. Aufsätze 1: 253 (1795)
= Epipactis rubra lusus albiflora Harz; Fl. Deutschl. [Schlechtendal], ed. 5, Neuer Abdruck, 4: 330 (1895 publ. 1896)
= Epipactis rubra lusus parviflora Harz; Fl. Deutschl. [Schlechtendal], ed. 5, Neuer Abdruck, 4: 327 (1895 publ. 1896)
= Epipactis rubra var. parviflora (Harz) W.Zimm.; Form. Orchid. Deutschl. 82 (1912)
= Helleborine rubra (L.) Schrank; Fl. Monac. 2: 119 (1814)
= Limodorum rubrum (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 671 (1891)
= Serapias rubra L.; Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 2: 594 (1767)
species :
Cephalanthera selcukana Kreutz; Guide Orchids Europe N. Afr. Middle E. 27 (2024)
Distribution: Turkey (C-Anatolia: Karaman)
34 TUR
Remarks: provisionally accepted name, status not yet verified. Close to C. damasonium
species :
Cephalanthera yintiaolingensis Feng Chen, C.Xiong & X.H.Jin; Phytotaxa 626(2): 120 (2023)
Distribution: China (Chongqing)
36 CHI
species :
Cephalanthera ×mayeri (E.Mayer & Zimmerm.) A.Camus; Iconogr. Orchid. Europe 503 (1929)
Distribution: S-Germany
11 GER
Remarks: Cephalanthera damasonium x C. rubra
Synonyms: hidden
= Epipactis ×mayeri E.Mayer & Zimmerm.; Mitt. Bayer. Bot. Ges. 3: 463 (1918)
species :
Cephalanthera ×otto-hechtii G.Keller; Monogr. Iconogr. Orchid. Eur. 2: 358 (1936)
Distribution: Europe
Error
Remarks: Cephalanthera longifolia x C. rubra
species :
Cephalanthera ×renzii B.Baumann, H.Baumann, R.Lorenz & Ruedi Peter; J. Eur. Orch. 35: 185 (2003)
Distribution: Azerbaijan
33 AZE
Remarks: Cephalanthera caucasica x longifolia
species :
Cephalanthera ×schaberi H.Baumann; Mitt. Arbeitskreises Heimische Orchideen 12(2): 116 (1980)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
Remarks: Cephalanthera epipactoides x longifolia
species :
Cephalanthera ×schulzei E.G.Camus; Monogr. Orchid. 439 (1908)
Distribution: Europe; Germany; Turkey; etc.
11 GER 34 TUR
Remarks: Cephalanthera damasonium x Cephalanthera longifolia
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalanthera ×salaevensis Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 13: 201 (1912)
species :
Cephalanthera ×taubenheimii H.Baumann; Mitt. Arbeitskreises Heimische Orchideen 15(2): 220 (1983)
Distribution: E-Turkey
34 TUR
Remarks: Cephalanthera damasonium x Cephalanthera kotschyana
Loading ...
Prev genus
Top
Next genus

A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.03 (March 6th, 2025)

Covering 356,112 accepted species,
8,776 hybrids, 48,085 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,454 synonyms,
in total 1,415,427* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life