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Ver. 25.03
Mar. 6th, 2025

493.0000 Family Gentianaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 141 (1789), nom. cons.
95 genera, ca. 1850 spp.
Species listed in database: 1857; hybrids: 24
= Chironiaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 1(104-114): 1, 36 (1823)
= Coutoubeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 168 (1820)
= Obolariaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 427 (1820)
= Potaliaceae Mart.; Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. [Martius] 2: 89, 91, 133 (1827)
= Saccifoliaceae Maguire & Pires; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 29: 242 (1978)
493.0436 Genus Centaurium Hill; Brit. Herb. [Hill] 62 (1756)
Distribution: mostly Mediterranean. The taxonomy especially in the Mediterranean is very complex and highly disputed. The remaining New World species will need transfer in other genera, most probably Zeltnera
Species listed in database: 27; hybrids: 5
= Centaurella Delarbre; Fl. Auvergne [Delarbre], éd. 2, 28 (1800)
= Erythraea Reneaulme ex Borkh.; Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 1(1): 28 (1796), nom. superfl.
= Gonipia Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 23 (1837)
= Hippocentaurea Schult.; Oesterr. Fl., ed. 2, 2: 388 (1814)
= Libadion Bubani; Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 1: 539 (1897)
= Monodiella Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 34: 137 (1943)
= Xanthaea Rchb.; Deut. Bot. Herb.-Buch 132 (1841)
species :
Centaurium ameghinoi (Speg.) Druce; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 613 (1917)
Distribution: Argentina (Chubut, Rio Negro, Neuquén)
85 ARG
Remarks: needs transfer into another genus, probably Zeltnera
Synonyms: hidden
= Erythraea ameghinoi Speg.; Anales Soc. Ci. Argent. 53: 73 (1902), et Nov. Add. Fl. Patag. 2:, repr. 31 (1902)
species :
Centaurium barrelieroides Pau; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 17: 131 (1918)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
species :
Centaurium cachanlahuen (Molina) B.L.Rob.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 45: 396 (1910)
Name: Canchanlahue, canchanlahuen, cachén, canchanlahua [Chile]
Distribution: Argentina (Chubut, Neuquén, Rio Negro); Chile (Antofagasta, Atacama, Coquimbo, Valparaíso, Metropolitana de Santiago, O´Higgins, Maule, Ñuble, Biobío, Araucanía, Los Rios, Los Lagos, Aisén); Juan Fdz. Isl. [I]
85 ARG CLE jnf
Remarks: needs transfer into another genus, probably Zeltnera
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurium chilense (Willd.) Druce; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 613 (1916 publ. 1917)
= Centaurium chilense var. humile (Phil.) Druce; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 1916: 613 (1917)
= Centaurium chilense var. paposanum (Phil.) Druce; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 1916: 613 (1917)
= Chironia chilensis Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 1: 1067 (1798), nom. illeg.
= Erythraea cachanlahuen (Molina) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 4: 167 (1819)
= Erythraea chilensis (Willd.) Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 283 (1805)
= Erythraea chilensis var. humilis Phil.; Anales Univ. Chile 118: 332 (1906)
= Erythraea chilensis var. paposana (Phil.) Reiche; Anales Univ. Chile 118: 332 (1906)
= Erythraea pallida Willd.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 4: 787 (1819)
= Erythraea pallida Willd. ex Griseb.; Gen. Sp. Gent. 138 (1838)
= Erythraea paposana Phil.; Fl. Atacam. 35 (1860)
= Gentiana cachanlahuen Molina; Sag. Stor. Nat. Chili 147 (1782)
= Gentiana canchalagua Paláu; Parte Práct. Bot. 8: 22 (1788), orth. var.
= Gentiana peruviana Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2: 642 (1788)
= Hippion cachalahuan F.W.Schmidt; Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 1(1): 11 (1796)
species :
Centaurium capense C.R.Broome; System. Centaurium (Gentianac.) Mexico & Centr. Amer. 290 (1973)
Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Sur, Colima); Revillagigedos Isl. (Isla Socorro)
79 MEX RGI
Remarks: needs transfer into another genus, probably Zeltnera
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurium capense (C.R.Broome) C.R.Broome; Madroño 24(4): 241 (1977)
species :
Centaurium centaurioides (Roxb.) R.S.Rolla & Hemadri; J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 67: 357 (1970)
Distribution: Pakistan (Baluchistan, Lahore, Rawalpindi); Nepal; India (Andhra Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal); Bangladesh
40 BAN IND NEP PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurium centaurioides (Roxb.) Babu; Herb. Fl. Dehra Dun: 312 (1977)
= Centaurium centauroides (Roxb.) N.C.Nair; Rec. Bot. Surv. India 21(1: Fl. Punjab Plains): 166 (1978), isonym
= Centaurium roxburghii (D.Don) Druce; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 1916: 614 (1917)
= Chironia brachiata Willd. ex Griseb.; Gen. Sp. Gent. 145 (1838)
= Chironia carinata Banks ex Roxb.; Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 1: 584 (1832)
= Chironia centaureoides Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 16 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Carey & Wallich ed.] 2: 283 (1824), Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 1: 584 (1832)
= Erythraea brachiata Willd.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 4: 787 (1819)
= Erythraea centaurioides (Roxb.) Voigt; Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 520 (1845)
= Erythraea roxburghii G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 206 (1837)
species :
Centaurium chloodes (Brot.) Samp.; Herb. Port. 106 (1913)
subspecies :
subsp. chloodes
Distribution: Portugal; NW-Spain; S-France
12 FRA POR SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurium confertum (Pers.) Druce; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 613 (1916 publ. 1917)
= Centaurium vulgare subsp. chloodes (Brot.) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 855 (1938)
= Erythraea caespitosa Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 1: 352 (1813)
= Erythraea chloodes (Brot.) Gren. & Godr.; Fl. France [Grenier] 2: 484 (1853)
= Erythraea conferta Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 283 (1805)
= Erythraea linariifolia var. tenuifolia Griseb.; Gen. Sp. Gent. 143 (1838)
= Erythraea tenuifolia subsp. conferta (Pers.) R.C.V.Douin; Fl. Ill. France 7: 108 (1924)
= Gentiana chloodes Brot.; Fl. Lusit. 1: 276 (1804)
subspecies :
subsp. somedanum (Laínz) Romero; Bol. Estac. Centr. Ecol. 11: 32 (1977)
Distribution: NW-Spain
12 SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurium somedanum M.Laínz; Bol. Inst. Estud. Asturianos, Supl. Ci. 22: 32 (1976)
species :
Centaurium cochinchinense (Spreng.) Druce; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 613 (1916 publ. 1917)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
Synonyms: hidden
= Erythraea cochinchinensis Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 580 (1824)
species :
Centaurium compar (R.Br.) Druce; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 1916: 613 (1917)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
Synonyms: hidden
= Erythraea compar R.Br.; Voy. Abyss. [Salt] App. 4: 64 (1814)
species :
Centaurium discolor (Gand.) Ronniger; Mitt. Naturwiss. Vereines Steiermark 52: 321 (1916)
Distribution: Baleares (Mallorca, Ibiza)
12 BAL
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurium bianoris (Sennen) Sennen; Diagn. Nouv. 175 (1936)
= Centaurium bianoris Herb. ex Sennen; Bol. Soc. Iber. Ci. Nat. 29: 41 (1930)
= Centaurium bianoris var. roseum Zeltner; Ann. Univ. Provence, Biol. Ecol. Medit. 5(1): 56 (1978 publ. 1979)
= Centaurium bianoris var. sulfureum Zeltner; Ann. Univ. Provence, Biol. Ecol. Medit. 5(1): 56 (1978 publ. 1979)
= Erythraea ×bianoris Sennen; Bol. Soc. Iber. Ci. Nat. 29: 41 (1930)
= Erythraea discolor Gand.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 47: 122 (1900)
species :
Centaurium erythraea Rafn; Danm. Holst. Fl. 2: 75 (1800)
subspecies :
subsp. erythraea
Name: Echtes Tausendgüldenkraut (DE); Common Centaury (EN); Centaura roja (ES)
Distribution: England (England, Wales, Isle of Man, Scotland, Outer Hebrides, Isles of Scilly); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Denmark; Sweden; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; Gibraltar; Baleares; France; Channel Isl. (Alderney, Guernsey, Jersey, Sark); Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Malta; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread, incl. many islands); Crete; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; W-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; Azores (Santa Maria Isl., Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Graciosa, Sao Jorge, Pico, Faial, Flores Isl., Corvo Isl.); Canary Isl. (Gran Canaria, Hierro, Tenerife, La Palma); Siberia (Altai); Kazakhstan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl.; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Baghlan, Herat, Kabul, Orozgan / Daykundi, Parwan); Cyprus (C-Mountains, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus); Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (N-Israel); Pakistan (Kurram); Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); New Zealand [I]; Chatham Isl. [I]; Hawaii [I] (Midway Isl. [I], Kauai [I], Oahu [I], Molokai [I], Lanai [I], Maui [I], Kahoolawe Isl. [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); Canada [I] (British Columbia [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Québec [I]); USA [I] (California [I], Georgia [I], Idaho [I], Indiana [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], Michigan [I], North Carolina [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], Virginia [I], Vermont [I], Washington State [I]); Honduras [I]; Costa Rica [I]; Jamaica [I]; Colombia [I]; Ecuador [I]; Peru [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Los Lagos [I], Aisén [I])
10 DEN GRB IRE SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO BAL CIS COR FRA GIB POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MLT MNT NMA PEL PTL ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT RUS UKR 20 MOR 21 AZO CNY 30 SIB 32 KAZ 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR LEB SYR TUR 40 PAK 50 aus 51 ctm nzl 63 haw 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 75 usa 76 usa 78 usa 80 cos hon 81 jam 82 clm 83 ecu per 85 arg cle
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurella dichotoma Delarbre; Fl. Auvergne [Delarbre], éd. 2: 29 (1800)
= Centaurium centaurium (L.) W.Wight ex Piper; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 11: 449 (1906), nom. inval.
= Centaurium corymbosum (Dulac) Druce; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 1916: 613 (1917)
= Centaurium erythraea subsp. austriacum (Ronniger ex Fritsch) Kozuharov & A.V.Petrova; Fl. Narodna Republ. Bulg. 8: 391 (1982)
= Centaurium erythraea subsp. austriacum (Ronniger) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 18(2): 205 (1983), isonym
= Centaurium erythraea var. fasciculare (Duby) Ubsdell; Watsonia 11(1): 23 (1976)
= Centaurium erythraea var. latifolium (Sm.) T.C.G.Rich; Edinburgh J. Bot. 76: 177 (2018)
= Centaurium erythraea var. laxum (Boiss.) Mouterde ex Charpin & Greuter; Nouv. Fl. Liban Syrie 3(1): 27 (1978)
= Centaurium erythraea var. masclansii O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 14: 90 (1983)
= Centaurium erythraea var. subcapitatum (Corb.) Ubsdell; Watsonia 11(1): 23 (1976)
= Centaurium erythraea var. sublitorale (Wheldon & Salmon) Ubsdell; Watsonia 11(1): 24 (1976)
= Centaurium latifolium (Sm.) Druce; Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist. 1905: 48 (1905)
= Centaurium lomae (Gilg) Druce; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 613 (1916 publ. 1917)
= Centaurium minus f. luteiflora Pau; Asoc. Esp. Progr. Ci., Congr. Sevilla 6: 153 (1928), nomen
= Centaurium minus Garsault; Fig. Pl. Méd., t. 206 (1764), opus utique rej.
= Centaurium minus Moench; Methodus [Moench] 449 (1794), nom. rej.
= Centaurium minus subsp. austriacum (Ronniger ex Fritsch) O.Schwarz; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges., n. s. 1: 111 (1949)
= Centaurium minus var. austriacum (Ronniger ex Fritsch) Soó; Feddes Repert. 85: 438 (1974)
= Centaurium minus var. stenosiphon Pau; Asoc. Esp. Progr. Ci., Congr. Sevilla 6: 153 (1928), nomen
= Centaurium minus var. transiens (Wittr.) Soó; Feddes Repert. 85: 439 (1974)
= Centaurium umbellatum f. album Sigunov; Glasn. Prír. Mus. Beogradu, Ser. C 10: 23 (1977)
= Centaurium umbellatum Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 35 (1781) opus utique oppr.
= Centaurium umbellatum Gilib. ex Beck; Fl. Nieder-Österreich 2(2): 935 (1893), nom. superfl.
= Centaurium umbellatum subsp. austriacum Ronniger ex Fritsch; Mitt. Naturwiss. Vereines Steiermark 52: 316 (1916)
= Centaurium umbellatum subsp. transiens (Wittr.) Ronniger; Mitt. Naturwiss. Vereines Steiermark 52: 317 (1916)
= Centaurium umbellatum var. fasciculare (Duby) Gilmour; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1837: 497 (1837)
= Centaurium vulgare Rafn; Danm. Holst. Fl. 2: 73 (1800)
= Chironia centaurium (L.) F.W.Schmidt; Fl. Boëm. Cent. 2: 31 (1793 publ. 1794)
= Chironia centaurium var. collina F.W.Schmidt; 32 (1793)
= Chironia centaurium var. elongatum Wibel; 179 (1799)
= Chironia centaurium var. fascicularis Duby; Bot. Gall., pars prima 328 (1828)
= Chironia centaurium var. humilis Lej.; Rev. Fl. Spa 230 (1825)
= Chironia centaurium var. major F.W.Schmidt; 32 (1793)
= Chironia centaurium var. media F.W.Schmidt; 32 (1793)
= Chironia centaurium var. minor F.W.Schmidt; 32 (1793)
= Chironia centaurium var. palustris (Mérat) DC.; Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp. 18 (1813)
= Chironia erythraea Schousb.; lagttag. Vextrig. Marokko 95 (1800)
= Chironia ramosissima var. palustris Mérat; Nouv. Fl. Env. Paris 91 (1812)
= Erythraea centaurium (L.) Borkh.; 30 (1796)
= Erythraea centaurium (L.) Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 283 (1805), isonym
= Erythraea centaurium var. acutiflora Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4(1): 68 (1875)
= Erythraea centaurium var. collinum (F.W.Schmidt) Pohl; Tent. Fl. Bohem. 1: 221 (1809)
= Erythraea centaurium var. compacta Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 10: 238 (1908)
= Erythraea centaurium var. fascicularis Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 10: 238 (1908)
= Erythraea centaurium var. fasciculata Moritzi; 124 (1832)
= Erythraea centaurium var. laxa Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4(1): 68 (1875)
= Erythraea centaurium var. majus (F.W.Schmidt) Pohl; Tent. Fl. Bohem. 1: 220 (1809)
= Erythraea centaurium var. medium (F.W.Schmidt) Pohl; Tent. Fl. Bohem. 1: 221 (1809)
= Erythraea centaurium var. minus (F.W.Schmidt) Pohl; Tent. Fl. Bohem. 1: 221 (1809)
= Erythraea centaurium var. palustre (F.W.Schmidt) Pohl; Tent. Fl. Bohem. 1: 221 (1809)
= Erythraea centaurium var. subcapitata Corb.; Nouv. Fl. Normandie 392 (1894)
= Erythraea centaurium var. sublitoralis Wheldon & Salmon; J. Bot. 63: 346 (1925)
= Erythraea centaurium var. transiens Wittr.; Bot. Not. 1899: 276 (1899)
= Erythraea compressa subsp. majorcica F.Herm.; Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 54: 246 (1914)
= Erythraea corymbosa Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées 453 (1867) non Willd. ex Steud.
= Erythraea germanica Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 1: 351 (1813)
= Erythraea latifolia Sm.; Engl. Fl. 1: 322 (1824)
= Erythraea latifolia var. pseudolinariifolia Rouy; Rev. Sci. Nat. (Montpellier), Sér. 3, 3: 239 (1883)
= Erythraea lomae Gilg; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 2: 34 (1906)
= Erythraea schuttleworthiana Rouy; Naturaliste 13: 11 (1891)
= Erythraea vulgaris Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 337 (1821 publ. 1822), nom. superfl.
= Erythraea vulgaris var. alba Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 338 (1821 publ. 1822)
= Erythraea vulgaris var. quadrifida Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 338 (1821 publ. 1822)
= Gentiana centaurium L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 229 (1753)
= Gentiana centaurium subsp. procerius Ehrh.; 219 (1780), nom. inval.
= Gentiana centaurium var. erythraea Roth; 112 (1788)
= Gentiana centaurium var. major Scholler; 68 (1775)
= Gentiana palustris Lam.; Tabl. Encycl. 1: 486 (1793), nom. illeg.
= Gonipia linearis Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 24 (1837), nom. illeg.
= Hippocentaurea centaurium Schult.; Oesterr. Fl., ed. 2, 1: 388 (1814)
= Libadion variabile Bubani; Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 1: 540 (1897)
= Xolemia palustris (DC.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 22 (1837)
variant :
var. capitatum (Willd.) Melderis; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 65(2): 232 (1972)
Name: Kopfiges Tausendgüldenkraut (DE)
Distribution: England; Denmark; ?Germany (?Schleswig-Holstein); N-France
10 DEN GRB 12 FRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurium capitatum (Willd.) Borbás; Magyar Bot. Lapok 2: 267 (1903)
= Centaurium capitatum Britten & Rendle; List Brit. Seed-Pl. Ferns 20 (1907)
= Centaurium umbellatum f. capitatum (Willd.) Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi, Begr.] 5: 1969 (1927)
= Centaurium umbellatum subsp. capitatum (Willd.) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 855 (1938)
= Erythraea capitata Willd.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 4: 168 (1819)
= Erythraea centaurium subsp. capitata (Willd.) Bonnier; Fl. Ill. France 110 (1924)
= Erythraea centaurium subsp. capitata (Willd.) Corb.; Nouv. Fl. Normandie 393 (1894)
= Erythraea centaurium var. capitata (Willd.) Schltdl.; Fl. Berol. [Schlechtendal] 1: 131 (1823)
= Erythraea centaurium var. capitatum (Willd.) F.W.Schultz; 303 (1845), isonym
subspecies :
subsp. apertum (H.Lindb.) Greuter; Willdenowia 11(2): 279 (1981)
Distribution: Morocco; Algeria
20 ALG MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurium suffruticosum subsp. apertum H.Lindb.; Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn., Ser. B, Opera Biol. 1(2) (Itin. Medit.): 119 (1932)
= Centaurium umbellatum subsp. apertum (H.Lindb.) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 3: 577 (1934)
subspecies :
subsp. bernardii (Maire & Sauvage) Greuter; Willdenowia 11(2): 279 (1981)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurium umbellatum subsp. bernardii Maire & Sauvage; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 34: 184 (1945)
subspecies :
subsp. enclusense (O.Bolòs, Molin. & P.Monts.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 14: 89 (1983)
Distribution: Baleares (Menorca)
12 BAL
Remarks: Flora Iberica considers this a questionable taxon
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurium divaricatum (Porta) Druce; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 613 (1916 publ. 1917)
= Centaurium divaricatum (Porta) P.Monts.; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 3: 410 (1953)
= Centaurium enclusense O.Bolòs, Molin. & P.Monts.; Acta Geobot. Barcinon. 5: 60 (1970)
= Erythraea divaricata Porta; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 19: 312 (1887), non Schaffner ex Schltdl.
subspecies :
subsp. rhodense (Boiss. & Reut.) Melderis; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 65: 234 (1972)
Name: Rhodisches Tausendgüldenkraut (DE); Rhodian Centaury (EN)
Distribution: E-Spain; Baleares; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Croatia; Albania; Greece (incl. Kiklades); Crete; ?Morocco; Tunisia; East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos); Turkey; Cyprus
12 BAL COR SAR SPA 13 ALB CRO GRC ITA KRI SIC 20 TUN 34 CYP EAI TUR
Remarks: subsp. sanguineum in the central Mediterranean is sometimes kept separate
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurium erythraea subsp. sanguineum (Mabille) Jovet & Vilm.; (1977)
= Centaurium erythraea var. sanguineum (Mabille) Gamisans, Cat.Pl.Vasc.Corse 3(1): 152 (1985), without basionym ref.
= Centaurium erythraea var. sanguineum (Mabille) Greuter; Nouv. Fl. Liban Syrie 3(2): page 3 of the cover (1979)
= Centaurium majus subsp. rhodense (Boiss. & Reut.) Zeltner; Bull. Soc. Neuchâteloise Sci. Nat. 93: 109 (1970)
= Centaurium minus var. sanguineum (Mabille) Litard.; Prodr. Fl. Corse 3(2): 46 (1955)
= Centaurium rhodense (Boiss. & Reut.) Arrigoni; Fl. Sardegna 168 (2013)
= Erythraea rhodensis Boiss. & Reut.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 6: 121 (1859)
= Erythraea sanguinea Mabille; Rech. Pl. Corse 2: 45 (1869)
subspecies :
subsp. rumelicum (Velen.) Melderis; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 65: 232 (1972)
Distribution: France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; NE-Greece; Turkey
12 COR FRA SAR 13 ALB BUL GRC ITA ROM TUE 34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurium erythraea var. rumelica (Velen.) Kozuharov & A.V.Petrova; Fl. Narodna Republ. Bulg. 8: 391 (1982)
= Centaurium erythraea var. rumelicum (Velen.) Kozuharov & Petrova; Fl. Narodna Republ. Bulg. 8: 391 (1982)
= Centaurium rumelicum (Velen.) Arrigoni; Fl. Sardegna 170 (2013)
= Centaurium umbellatum subsp. rumelicum (Velen.) Ronniger; Mitt. Naturwiss. Vereines Steiermark 52: 318 (1916)
= Erythraea centaurium subsp. rumelica Velen.; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. Prag, Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. 1894(29): 22 (1894)
subspecies :
subsp. turcicum (Velen.) Melderis; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 65(2): 232 (1972)
Distribution: Turkey (etc.)
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurium minus subsp. turcicum (Velen.) Soó
= Centaurium turcicum (Velen.) Bornm.; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 60: 150 (1910)
= Centaurium turcicum (Velen.) Druce; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 614 (1916 publ. 1917), isonym
= Centaurium turcicum (Velen.) Nábelek; Spisy Prír. Fak. Masarykovy Univ., No. 70, 12 (1926), isonym
= Centaurium turcicum (Velen.) Ronniger; , isonym
= Erythraea turcica Velen.; Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. 7(1): n. 8, 31 (1886)
species :
Centaurium favargeri Zeltner; Bull. Soc. Neuchâteloise Sci. Nat. 93: 74 (1970), nom. nov.
Distribution: NE- & C-Spain; S-France
12 FRA SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurium quadrifolium subsp. parviflorum (Willk.) Pedrol; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 43(1): 31 (1986)
= Centaurium triphyllum var. parviflorum (Willk.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 14: 89 (1983)
= Centaurium vulgare subsp. linariifolium P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 856 (1938)
= Erythraea gypsicola var. parviflora Willk.; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 663 (1870)
species :
Centaurium flexuosum (Maire) J.-P.Lebrun & Marais; Elements Atlas Pl. Vasc. de l´Afrique Seche 2: 107 (1978 publ. 1979)
Distribution: N-Chad (Tibesti)
24 CHA
Synonyms: hidden
= Monodiella flexuosa Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 34: 137 (1943)
species :
Centaurium grandiflorum (Pers.) Ronniger; Mitt. Naturwiss. Vereines Steiermark 52: 319 319 (1916)
subspecies :
subsp. grandiflorum
Distribution: C- & E-Spain; SW-France
12 FRA SPA
Remarks: often included as subspecies in C. erythraea
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurium erythraea subsp. grandiflorum (Biv.) Melderis; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 65: 234 (1972)
= Centaurium erythraea subsp. grandiflorum (Griseb.) Melderis; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 65(2): 235 (1972)
= Centaurium erythraea subsp. limoniiforme (Greuter) Greuter; Willdenowia 11(2): 279 (1981)
= Centaurium erythraea var. grandiflorum (Griseb.) Galiano & Valdés; Mem. Soc. Brot. 21: 236 (1971)
= Centaurium erythraea var. limoniiforme (Greuter) Melderis; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 65: 235 (1972)
= Centaurium grandiflorum (Pers.) Druce; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 1916: 613 (1917), isonym
= Centaurium limoniiforme Greuter; Boissiera 13: 124 (1967)
= Centaurium majus Druce; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 1916: 613 (1917)
= Centaurium minus subsp. grandiflorum (Pers.) Malag.; Acta Phytotax. Barcinon. 18: 9 (1976 publ. 1977), without basionym date.
= Centaurium umbellatum f. dichroum Faure & Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 32: 213 (1941)
= Centaurium umbellatum subsp. majus Ronniger; Mitt. Naturwiss. Vereines Steiermark 52: 318 (1916), nom. illeg.
= Centaurium umbellatum var. majus Ronniger; K. H. Rechinger, Fl. Aegaea 556 (1943), nom. illeg.
= Erythraea centaurium subsp. grandiflora (Biv.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 10: 238 (1908)
= Erythraea centaurium subsp. grandiflora (Pers.) Bonnier; Fl. Ill. France 110 (1924)
= Erythraea centaurium var. grandiflora Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 283 (1805)
= Erythraea grandiflora Biv.; Sicul. Pl. 1: 3 (1806)
= Erythraea major Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 1: 412 (1841), nom. illeg.
subspecies :
subsp. boissieri (Willk.) Z.Díaz; Fl. Iber. [Castroviejo et al.] 11: 63 (2012)
Distribution: S-Spain; N-Morocco
12 SPA 20 MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurium boissieri (Willk.) Z.Díaz; Acta Bot. Malac. 48: 155 (2023)
= Centaurium erythraea subsp. boissieri (Willk.) Z.Díaz; Lagascalia 27: 387 (2007)
= Erythraea boissieri Willk.; Linnaea 25: 48 (1852)
subspecies :
subsp. majus (Hoffmanns. & Link) Z.Díaz; Fl. Iber. [Castroviejo et al.] 11: 62 (2012)
Distribution: Portugal; Spain (widespread); France; Sardinia; ?Italy; Sicily; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia
12 FRA POR SAR SPA 13 SIC 20 ALG MOR TUN
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurium erythraea subsp. majus (Hoffmanns. & Link) M.Laínz; Aport. Conoc. Fl. Gallega 7: 18 (1971)
= Centaurium erythraea subsp. majus (Hoffmanns. & Link) Melderis; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 65: 235 (1972), isonym
= Centaurium erythraea var. majus (Hoffmanns. & Link) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 14: 90 (1983)
= Centaurium majus (Hoffmanns. & Link) Druce; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 613 (1916 publ. 1917)
= Centaurium microcalyx (Boiss. & Reut.) Ronniger; Mitt. Naturwiss. Vereines Steiermark 52: 321 (1916)
= Centaurium umbellatum subsp. majus (Hoffmanns. & Link) Samp.; Herb. Port. 106 (1913)
= Erythraea centaurium subsp. major (Hoffmanns. & Link) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 10: 239 (1908)
= Erythraea major Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 1: 349, t. 65 (1820)
= Erythraea microcalyx Boiss. & Reut.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 3: 121 (1856)
species :
Centaurium intermedium (Wheldon) Druce; Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist. 48 (1905), pro hybr.
Name: Intermediate Centaury (EN)
Distribution: England (NW-England: S-Lancashire)
10 GRB
Remarks: Accepted as a distinct species separate from C. littorale by Rich & McVeigh (2019). Often considered to be a hybrid.
Synonyms: hidden
= Erythraea littoralis var. intermedia Wheldon; Sci.-Gossip, n. s. 4: 111 (1897)
species :
Centaurium littorale (Turner) Gilmour; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1937: 498 (1937)
subspecies :
subsp. littorale
Name: Strand-Tausendgüldenkraut (DE), Seaside Centaury (EN)
Distribution: England ; Ireland (Northern Ireland); Denmark; Netherlands; ?Belgium; Germany (Brandenburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Schleswig-Holstein, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); ?Slovakia; France; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Araucanía [I], Los Lagos [I], Aisén [I])
10 DEN GRB IRE 11 GER NET 12 FRA 14 EST LAT LIT 85 arg cle
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurium glomeratum (Wittr.) Druce; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 613 (1916 publ. 1917)
= Centaurium littorale var. glomeratum (Wittr.) Melderis; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 65(2): 240 (1972)
= Centaurium littorale var. turneri (Wheldon & Salmon) Ubsdell; Watsonia 11(1): 25 (1976)
= Centaurium turneri (Wheldon & Salmon) Druce; Naturalist (Hull) 1926: 115 (1926)
= Centaurium vulgare f. glomeratum (Wittr.) Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi, Begr.] 5: 1972 (1927)
= Centaurium vulgare f. latifolium (T.Marsson) Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi, Begr.] 5: 1972 (1927)
= Centaurium vulgare f. subprocumbens (Wittr.) Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi, Begr.] 5: 1972 (1927)
= Centaurium vulgare subsp. compressum (Kunth) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 856 (1938)
= Chironia littoralis Turner; D. Turner & L. W. Dillwyn, Bot. Guide England 2: 469 (1805)
= Erythraea centaurium var. littoralis (Turner) Jess.; Deut. Excurs.-Fl. 87 (1879)
= Erythraea glomerata Wittr.; Bot. Not. 1884: 115 (1884)
= Erythraea littoralis (Turner) Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 338 (1821 publ. 1822), nom. illeg.
= Erythraea littoralis var. humilis (Zabel) Jaap; 61 (1902)
= Erythraea littoralis var. intermedia Wheldon; Sci.-Gossip, n. s. 4: 111 (1897)
= Erythraea littoralis var. latifolia T.Marsson; 312 (1869)
= Erythraea littoralis var. minor Hartm.; Handb. Skand. Fl. 101 (1820)
= Erythraea littoralis var. simplex Hartm.; Handb. Skand. Fl. 101 (1820)
= Erythraea tenuifolia subsp. littoralis (Turner ex Sm.) R.C.V.Douin; Fl. Ill. France 7: 108 (1924)
= Erythraea turneri Wheldon & Salmon; J. Bot. 63: 347 (1925), nom. nov.
subspecies :
subsp. compressum (Hayne) Kirschner; Preslia 72(1): 87 (2000)
Name: Sumpf-Tausendgüldenkraut (DE)
Distribution: Germany (Brandenburg, +Berlin, Niedersachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt); Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; France; Italy [I]; Serbia; Kosovo; Romania; Belarus; European Russia; Ukraine; Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Northern Caucasus
11 AUT CZE GER HUN POL SLO 12 FRA 13 ita KOS ROM SRB 14 BLR RUS UKR 32 KAZ TKM UZB 33 NCS
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurium compressum (Hayne) Druce; Naturalist (Hull) 1926: 115 (1926)
= Centaurium elodes (Roem. & Schult.) Druce; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 613 (1916 publ. 1917)
= Centaurium littorale subsp. uliginosum (Waldst. & Kit.) Rothm. ex Melderis; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 65: 241 (1972)
= Centaurium uliginosum (Waldst. & Kit.) Fritsch; Excursionsfl. Oesterreich, ed. 2: 479 (1909)
= Centaurium vulgare subsp. compressum (Hayne) P.Fourn.; 856 (1938)
= Centaurium vulgare subsp. uliginosum (Waldst. & Kit.) Soó
= Chironia helodea St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 125 (1880)
= Chironia uliginosa Lapeyr.; Hist. Pl. Pyrénées, Suppl. 39 (1818)
= Chironia uliginosa Waldst. & Kit.; Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 3: 287, t. 259 (1809)
= Erythraea compressa Hayne; Fl. Berol. [Kunth, 1838]: 65 (1838)
= Erythraea elodes Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 4: 172 (1819)
= Erythraea uliginosa W.L.E.Schmidt; Erythraea: t. 27 (1828), nom. illeg.
= Erythraea uliginosa Waldst. & Kit.; Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 3: t. 258 (1812)
= Hippocentaurea uliginosa (Waldst. & Kit.) Schult.; Oesterr. Fl., ed. 2, 2: 389 (1814)
species :
Centaurium mairei Zeltner; Bot. Helv. 95: 54 (1985)
Distribution: Western Sahara; Algeria; ?Libya; Egypt; Mauritania; Senegal
20 ALG EGY WSA 22 MTN SEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurium pulchellum var. lauriolii Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 25: 309 (1934)
species :
Centaurium malzacianum Maire; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 8: 25 (1939)
Distribution: Sinai peninsula (S-Sinai)
34 SIN
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurium centaurioides subsp. malzacianum (Maire) Zeltner; Bull. Soc. Neuchâteloise Sci. Nat. 113: 266 (1990)
species :
Centaurium maritimum (L.) Fritsch; Mitt. Naturwiss. Vereins Univ. Wien 5: 97 (1907)
Name: Gelbes Tausendgüldenkraut (DE); Centaura maritima (ES), Yellow Centaury (EN)
Distribution: Portugal; Spain; Baleares; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; +San Marino; Croatia; ?Montenegro; Albania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (coastal, incl. many islands); Crete; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Egypt (?NW-Egypt); Azores (Santa Maria Isl., Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Pico, Faial); Madeira (Madeira Isl.); Canary Isl. (Gran Canaria); East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Chios, Ikaria, Fourni, Samos, Patmos, Lipsi, Kos, Nisyros, Karpathos, Rhodos); Turkey (NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, S-Cyprus); Lebanon (coastal W-Lebanon); Israel (coastal W-Israel, coastal W-Israel); Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], Victoria [I])
12 BAL COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BUL CRO GRC ITA KRI PTL SIC SMA TUE 20 ALG EGY MOR TUN 21 AZO CNY MDR 34 CYP EAI ISR LEB TUR 50 aus
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurium maritimum subsp. shuttleworthianum (Rouy) Jovet & Vilm.; (1977)
= Centaurium maritimum var. brevipes (Lange) Samp.; Man. Fl. Port. 382 (1913)
= Centaurium maritimum var. shuttleworthianum (Rouy) Melderis; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 65(2): 249 (1972)
= Centaurium maritimum var. shuttleworthianum (Rouy) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 856 (1938)
= Centaurium virescens (Willd.) Druce; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 1916: 614 (1917)
= Chironia lutea Bertol.; Rar. Lig. [Ital.] Pl., Dec. 2: 32 (1806)
= Chironia maritima (L.) Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 1: 1069 (1798)
= Chironia maritima var. angustifolia DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 6: 662 (1815)
= Chironia occidentalis DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 6: 482 (1815)
= Chironia virescens Willd. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 352 (1840)
= Erythraea leptina Guss.; Fl. Sicul. Prodr. 1: 285 (1827)
= Erythraea lutea (Bertol.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 4: 171 (1819)
= Erythraea maritima (L.) Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 283 (1805)
= Erythraea maritima f. angustifolia Knoche; Fl. Baléar. 2: 287 (1922), nomen
= Erythraea maritima subsp. shuttleworthiana Rouy; Naturaliste 1891: 11 (1891)
= Erythraea maritima var. angustifolia (DC.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 10: 245 (1908)
= Erythraea maritima var. brevipes Lange; Pug. Pl. Hispan. 2: 166 (1862)
= Erythraea maritima var. chrysogoni (Sennen) Sennen; Diagn. Nouv. 223 (1936)
= Erythraea maritima var. lutea (Roem. & Schult.) Griseb.; Gen. Sp. Gent. 148 (1839)
= Erythraea maritima var. occidentalis (DC.) Rouy; Naturaliste 1891: 12 (1891)
= Erythraea maritima var. pumila Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 10: 245 (1908)
= Erythraea occidentalis (DC.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 4: 171 (1819)
= Erythraea shuttleworthiana Rouy; Le Naturaliste, Ser. II. Ann. 13 5: 11 (1891)
= Erythraea virescens Willd.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 4: 787 (1819)
= Gentiana centaurium subsp. pumilum Ehrh.; Hannover. Mag. 18: 219 (1780)
= Gentiana leptina Raf.; Caratt. Nuov. Gen. 88 (1810)
= Gentiana maritima L.; Mant. Pl. 1: 55 (1767)
= Gentiana pumila Gouan; Fl. Monsp. [Gouan] 473 (1764)
= Libadion maritimum (L.) Bubani; Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 1: 539 (1897)
= Thylacitis leptina Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 25 (1837)
= Thylacitis maritima (L.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 25 (1837)
species :
Centaurium minutissimum Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 34: 138 (1943)
Distribution: Chad
24 CHA
species :
Centaurium petrocaule C.R.Broome; Madroño 24(4): 237 (1977)
Distribution: Mexico (Guanajuato, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi)
79 MEX
Remarks: needs transfer into another genus, probably Zeltnera
species :
Centaurium portense (Brot.) Butcher; Further Ill. Brit. Pl. [Butcher & Strudwick] 237, fig. 252 (1930)
Name: Perennial Centaury (EN)
Distribution: England (S-England: Cornwall, SW-Wales: Pembrokeshire); N-Portugal; NW-Spain; W-France
10 GRB 12 FRA POR SPA
Remarks: separate from C. scilloides fide Prieto et al. 2012
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurium scilloides var. portense (Brot.) Druce; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 5: 290 (1919)
= Erythraea centaurium subsp. diffusa (J.Woods) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France 213 (1894)
= Erythraea diffusa J.Woods; Compan. Bot. Mag. 2: 274 (1836)
= Chironia nummulariifolia Willd. ex Griseb.; Gen. Sp. Gent. 144 (1838)
= Erythraea nummulariifolia Willd.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 4: 787 (1819)
= Gentiana portensis Brot.; Fl. Lusit. 1: 278 (1804)
= Erythraea portensis (Brot.) Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 1: 351 (1813)
species :
Centaurium pulchellum (Sw.) Druce; Fl. Berkshire 342 (1898)
subspecies :
subsp. pulchellum
Name: Zierliches Tausendgüldenkraut (DE); Lesser Centaury (EN)
Distribution: England (England, Wales, Scotland); Ireland (SE-Ireland); Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; Gibraltar; Baleares; France; Channel Isl.; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Malta; San Marino [I]; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (lowlands widespread, incl. most islands); Crete; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; W-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria (incl. Hoggar); Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (Desert Oases, Great Southwestern Desert, NE-Egypt, Nile Delta, Nile Valley, N-Egypt); Senegal; N-Chad (Tibesti); Ethiopia; Eritrea; Djibouti; Soqotra; Russian Far East [I] (Primorye [I]); Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Iran (EC-Iran, E-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Badakshan, Baghlan, Balkh, Bamyan, Faryab, Herat, Kabul, Kandahar, Kunar / Nuristan, Laghman, Logar, Nangarhar, Paktia / Khost, Parwan, Samangan, Takhar); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, NW-Syria, W-Syrian Mountains); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai, S-Sinai); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, Dahana, NE-Saudi Arabia, N-Saudi Arabia, Hejaz, Asir, Nejd Desert); Kuwait; Qatar [I]; Bahrain [I]; United Arab Emirates [I]; Oman (Dhofar, Mascat & Oman); China (Xinjiang); Mongolia; Pakistan (Sind, Baluchistan, Waziristan, Kurram, Pakistani Punjab, Rawalpindi, Gilgit, Skardu, N. W. Frontier Prov., Swat); India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Jammu & Kashmir, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal); Canada [I] (New Brunswick [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Québec [I]); USA [I] (Colorado [I], Connecticut [I], Delaware [I], Iowa [I], Illinois [I], Louisiana [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], Maine [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Mississippi [I], Nebraska [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Pennsylvania [I], South Dakota [I], Texas [I], Virginia [I], Vermont [I], Wisconsin [I], Wyoming [I]); Jamaica [I]; Nevis [I]; Barbados [I]; Curacao [I]; Peru [I]; Brazil [I]; Uruguay [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Los Rios [I], Los Lagos [I])
10 DEN FIN GRB IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO BAL CIS COR FRA GIB POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MLT MNT NMA PEL PTL ROM SIC SLV sma SRB TUE 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT RUS UKR 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 22 SEN 24 CHA DJI ERI ETH SOC 31 rfe 32 TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG CYP EAI IRN IRQ LEB SIN SYR TUR 35 bar KUW OMA qat SAU uae 36 CHI 37 MON 40 IND PAK 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 77 usa 78 usa 81 bbd cur jam stk 83 per 84 bra 85 arg cle uru
Remarks: pulchellum agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurium albiflorum (Kit.) Druce; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 1916: 613 (1917)
= Centaurium anatolicum (K.Koch) Tzvelev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 78(6): 132 (1993)
= Centaurium gracile (Schleich.) Druce; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 1916: 613 (1917)
= Centaurium inapertum (Willd.) Rafn; Danm. Holst. Fl. 2: 77 (1800)
= Centaurium pulchellum subsp. morierei (Corb.) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 855 (1938)
= Centaurium pulchellum subsp. ramosissimum (Vill.) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 855 (1938)
= Centaurium pulchellum var. intermedium (Mérat) Gilmour; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1937: 501 (1937)
= Centaurium pulchellum var. morierei (Corb.) Melderis; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 65: 246 (1972)
= Centaurium pulchellum var. muelleri (Wittr.) Hochr.; Candollea 3: 469 (1928)
= Centaurium ramosissimum (Vill.) Druce; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 4: 274 (1915 publ. 1916)
= Chironia centaurium var. nanum Wibel; 179 (1799)
= Chironia centaurium var. pulchella (Sw.) DC.; Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp. 18 (1813)
= Chironia centaurium var. ramosissima (Vill.) DC.; Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp. 18 (1813)
= Chironia gerardii (F.W.Schmidt) F.W.Schmidt; Fl. Boëm. Cent. 2: 33 (1793)
= Chironia inaperta Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 1: 1069 (1798), nom. illeg.
= Chironia intermedia Mérat; Nouv. Fl. Env. Paris 91 (1812)
= Chironia maritima Georgi; Beschr. Nation. Russ. Reich 3(4): 791 (1800), nom. illeg.
= Chironia minor Desf.; Tabl. École Bot., ed. 3 (Cat. Pl. Horti Paris.) 126 (1829)
= Chironia nana (Hegetschw.) Bastard ex Griseb.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 9: 57 (1845)
= Chironia pulchella (Sw.) Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 1: 1067 (1798)
= Chironia pulchella var. ramosissima (Chaix) Lej.; 120 (1811)
= Chironia ramosissima (Vill.) Bernh.; Syst. Verz. [Bernhardi] 123 (1800)
= Chironia ramosissima (Vill.) Ehrh. ex Griseb.; Gen. Sp. Gent. 137 (1838)
= Chironia vaillantii F.W.Schmidt; Fl. Boëm. Cent. 2: 34 (1793)
= Cicendia pulchella (Sw.) Griseb.; Gen. Sp. Gent. 159 (1838)
= Erythraea albiflora Kit.; Linnaea 32: 431 (1863)
= Erythraea altaica Griseb.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 9: 57 (1845)
= Erythraea anatolica K.Koch; Linnaea 19: 27 (1847)
= Erythraea angustifolia f. ramosissima (Vill.) Wahlenb.; Fl. Suec. [Wahlenberg] 1: 151 (1824)
= Erythraea angustifolia var. tenuiflora Wahlenb.; Fl. Suec. [Wahlenberg] 1: 151 (1824)
= Erythraea arenaria C.Presl; Delic. Prag. 88 (1822)
= Erythraea centaurium subsp. pulchella (Sw.) Hook.f.; 241 (1870)
= Erythraea centaurium var. ramosissima Moritzi; 124 (1832)
= Erythraea emarginata Waldst. & Kit.; Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 3: 305, t. 275 (1812)
= Erythraea gerardii (F.W.Schmidt) Baumg.; Enum. Stirp. Transsilv. 1: 171 (1816), nom. illeg.
= Erythraea gracilis Schleich.; Cat. Pl. Helv., ed. 4: 16 (1821)
= Erythraea inaperta (Willd.) Rchb.; 42 (1817)
= Erythraea inaperta (Willd.) Schltdl.; Fl. Berol. [Schlechtendal] 1: 131 (1823), isonym
= Erythraea morierei Corb.; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg 25: (1887) 269-71, et Nouv. Fl. Normandie 334 (1893)
= Erythraea nana Hegetschw.; Fl. Schweiz [Hegetschweiler] 202 (1839)
= Erythraea pulchella (Sw.) Fr.; Novit. Fl. Svec. 1: 30 (1814)
= Erythraea pulchella (Sw.) Hornem.; Fl. Dan. [Oeder et al.] t. 1637 (1819), nom. illeg.
= Erythraea pulchella f. palustris (Gaudin) E.Baumann; 409 (1911)
= Erythraea pulchella subsp. intermedia (Pollini) Ces.; 46 (1848)
= Erythraea pulchella subsp. morierei (Corb.) Corb.; Nouv. Fl. Normandie 394 (1894)
= Erythraea pulchella var. caespitosa Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 2: 137 (1828)
= Erythraea pulchella var. inaperta (Willd.) Wirtg.; 126 (1841)
= Erythraea pulchella var. muelleri Wittr.; Exsicc. (Erythr.) 3: 33 (1890)
= Erythraea pulchella var. palustris Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 2: 137 (1828)
= Erythraea pulchella var. ramosissima (Ehrh. ex Griseb.) Hartm.; Handb. Skand. Fl. 102 (1820)
= Erythraea pulchella var. ramosissima (Vill.) Hartm.; Handb. Skand. Fl. 102 (1820)
= Erythraea pulchella var. ramosissima J.Becker; 256 (1827), nom. inval.
= Erythraea pulchella var. simplex Hartm.; Handb. Skand. Fl. 102 (1820)
= Erythraea pulchella var. simplicissima M.Loehr; 455 (1852)
= Erythraea pumila F.Dietr.; Vollst. Lex. Gärtn. Nachtr. 3: 248 (1817)
= Erythraea pyrenaica Rich.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 283 (1805)
= Erythraea ramosissima (Chaix) Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 283 (1805), nom. illeg.
= Erythraea ramosissima subsp. morierei (Corb.) Corb.; Nouv. Fl. Normandie 394 (1894)
= Erythraea ramosissima subsp. morierei (Corb.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 10: 244 (1908), isonym
= Erythraea ramosissima var. acutiflora Wallr.; Sched. Crit. 111 (1822)
= Erythraea ramosissima var. inaperta (Willd.) Pers.; 283 (1805)
= Erythraea ramosissima var. intermedia (Pollini) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 10: 243 (1908)
= Erythraea ramosissima var. latifolia Batt.; Fl. Algérie [Battandier et al.] Dicot. 588 (1890)
= Erythraea ramosissima var. minima Klett & Richt.; Fl. Leipzig 208 (1830), nom. superfl.
= Erythraea ramosissima var. obtusiflora Wallr.; Sched. Crit. 111 (1822)
= Erythraea ramosissima var. pulchella (Sw.) Griseb.; Gen. Sp. Gent. 137 (1838)
= Erythraea ramosissima var. simplex Klett & Richt.; Fl. Leipzig 208 (1830)
= Erythraea sparsiflora Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 4: 50 (1853)
= Erythraea variabilis Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 4: 50 (1853)
= Gentiana centaurium var. minima Roth; 112 (1788)
= Gentiana centaurium var. minus Krock.; 393 (1787)
= Gentiana centaurium var. ramosissima Roth; 112 (1788)
= Gentiana gerardii F.W.Schmidt; Samml. Phys.-Oekon. Aufsätze 1: 192 (1791)
= Gentiana pulchella Sw.; Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 4: 85 (1783)
= Gentiana pulchella var. ramosissima (Vill.) Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 2: 137 (1828)
= Gentiana ramosissima Vill.; Fl. Delphinalis 23 (1786)
= Gonipia pulchella (Sw.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 24 (1837)
= Hippion pulchellum (Sw.) F.W.Schmidt; Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 1(1): 10 (1796), nomen
= Hippocentaurea emarginata (Waldst. & Kit.) Schult.; Oesterr. Fl., ed. 2, 2: 390 (1814)
= Hippocentaurea inaperta (Willd.) Schult.; Oesterr. Fl., ed. 2, 2: 390 (1814)
= Hippocentaurea pulchella (Chaix) Schult.; Oesterr. Fl., ed. 2, 2: 389 (1814)
= Microcala pulchella (Sw.) G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 213 (1837)
= Sabatia pulchella (Sw.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 581 (1824)
variant :
var. caspicum (Fisch. ex Griseb.) R.R.Stewart; Fl. W. Pakistan Annot. Cat. 55 (1972), without basionym ref., et in Kew Bull. 29(2): 444 (1974)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]
33 GEO NCS
Synonyms: hidden
= Erythraea caspica Fisch. ex Griseb.; Gen. Sp. Gent. 145 (1838)
= Centaurium caspicum (Fisch. ex Griseb.) Tzvelev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 78(6): 133 (1993)
variant :
var. meyeri (Bunge) Omer; Fl. Pakistan 197: 10 (1995)
Distribution: Crimea; Egypt; Siberia (Altai, W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Turkey; Iran; China (Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Xinjiang, Zhejiang); Mongolia; Taiwan; Pakistan (Baluchistan, Quetta, Kurram, Chitral, Drosh, Gilgit, Baltistan); NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir)
14 KRY 20 EGY 30 SIB 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR 36 CHI 37 MON 38 TAI 40 IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurium chanetii (H.Lév.) Druce; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 1916: 613 (1917)
= Centaurium meyeri (Bunge) Druce; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 613 (1916 publ. 1917)
= Centaurium meyeri var. saxatilis (C.B.Clarke) S.Garg; Indian Gentian. 3 (1988)
= Centaurium pulchellum subsp. meyeri (Bunge) Tzvelev; Fl. Evropeiskoi Chasti S.S.S.R. 3: 63 (1978)
= Centaurium pulchellum var. altaicum (Griseb.) Cufod.; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 39(Suppl.): XXX (1969)
= Erythraea chanetii H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8: 280 (1910)
= Erythraea meyeri Bunge; Fl. Altaic. [Ledebour] 1: 220 (1829)
= Erythraea pulchella var. albiflora Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 3: 51 (1849)
= Erythraea pulchella var. altaica (Griseb.) Kitag.; Rep. Exped. Manchoukuo, Sect. IV, 2 (Contr. Cogn. Fl. Manshuricae) 39 (1935)
= Erythraea ramosissima var. albiflora (Ledeb.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4(1): 67 (1875)
= Erythraea ramosissima var. altaica Griseb.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 9: 57 (1845)
= Erythraea ramosissima var. meyeri (Bunge) Griseb.; Gen. Sp. Gent. 137 (1839)
= Erythraea roxburghii var. saxatilis C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 4(10): 102 (1883)
subspecies :
subsp. grandiflorum (Batt.) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 3: 576 (1934)
Distribution: Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia
20 ALG MOR TUN
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurium candelabrum f. albiflorum H.Lindb.; Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn., Ser. B, Opera Biol. 1(2) (Itin. Medit.): 118 (1932)
= Centaurium candelabrum H.Lindb.; Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn., Ser. B, Opera Biol. 1(2) (Itin. Medit.): 118 (1932)
= Centaurium pulchellum f. albiflorum (H.Lindb.) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 3: 576 (1934)
= Centaurium pulchellum var. grandiflorum (Batt.) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 27: 249 (1936)
= Erythraea ramosissima var. grandiflora Batt.; Fl. Algérie [Battandier et al.] Dicot. 588 (1890)
species :
Centaurium quadrifolium (L.) G.López & C.E.Jarvis; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 40(2): 342 (1983 publ. 1984)
subspecies :
subsp. quadrifolium
Distribution: SE- & C-Spain
12 SPA
Remarks: quadrifolium agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurium cymosum (Webb) Pau; Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 16: 143 (1916)
= Centaurium gypsicola (Boiss. & Reut.) Druce; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 1916: 613 (1917)
= Centaurium gypsicolum f. toletana Pau; Bol. Soc. Iber. Ci. Nat. 20: 178 (1922)
= Centaurium linariifolium subsp. gypsicola (Boiss. & Reut.) G.López Gonzalez; Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 36: 127 (1979 publ. 1980)
= Centaurium quadrifolium f. rigualii (Esteve) E.Bayer & G.López; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 49: 64 (1991)
= Centaurium quadrifolium subsp. gypsicola (Boiss. & Reut.) Alcaraz, Sánchez-Gómez, De la Torre, S.Ríos & Alv.Rogel; Datos Veg. Murcia 128 (1991)
= Centaurium rigualii Esteve; Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 23: 182 (1967)
= Centaurium triphyllum (W.L.E.Schmidt) Melderis; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 65: 243 (1972)
= Chlora quadrifolia (L.) L.; Syst. Nat., ed. 12: 267 (1767)
= Erythraea gypsicola Boiss. & Reut.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 5: 89 (1844)
= Erythraea linariifolia var. cymosa Webb; Iter Hispan. [Webb] 28 (1838)
= Erythraea triphylla W.L.E.Schmidt; Erythraea: t. 1 (1828)
= Gentiana quadrifolia L.; Sp. Pl., ed. 2 [Linnaeus] 2671 (1763)
= Pleurimaria quadrifolia (L.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 31 (1837)
subspecies :
subsp. barrelieri (Dufour) G.López; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 41(1): 202 (1984)
Distribution: E-Spain; Baleares
12 BAL SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurium barrelieri (Dufour) Font Quer & Rothm.; Sched. Fl. Iber. Selectam, Cent. 2-3: 179 (1935)
= Centaurium linariifolium subsp. barrelieri (Dufour) G.López; Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 36: 125 (1979 publ. 1980)
= Centaurium quadrifolium var. barrelieri (Dufour) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Fl. Països Catalans 3: 116 (1995)
= Erythraea barrelieri Dufour; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 7: 351 (1860)
subspecies :
subsp. linariifolium (Lam.) G.López; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 41(1): 201 (1984)
Name: Leinblättriges Tausendgüldenkraut (DE)
Distribution: Czech Republic [I]; S- & E-Spain
11 cze 12 SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurium cymosum var. pulverulentum Pau; Mem. Mus. Ci. Nat. Barcelona, Ser. Bot. 1: 56 (1922)
= Centaurium linariifolium (Lam.) Beck; Fl. Nieder-Österreich 2: 934 (1892)
= Centaurium linariifolium (Lam.) Druce; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 613 (1916 publ. 1917), isonym
= Centaurium linariifolium var. pulverulentum (Pau) G.López; Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 36: 125 (1979 publ. 1980)
= Centaurium quadrifolium var. linariifolium (Lam.) G.López; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 41: 202 (1984)
= Centaurium quadrifolium var. pulverulentum (Pau) G.López; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 41: 202 (1984)
= Centaurium vulgare subsp. linariifolium (Lam.) P.Fourn.; 856 (1938)
= Chironia linariifolia (Lam.) Loisel.; Not. Fl. France 155 (1810)
= Chironia scabriuscula Willd. ex Griseb.; Gen. Sp. Gent. 143 (1838)
= Erythraea aggregata Thouin ex Mert. & W.D.J.Koch; Deutschl. Fl. [Mertens & W.D.J.Koch], ed. 3, 2: 234 (1826)
= Erythraea angustifolia Wallr.; Sched. Crit. 504 (1822)
= Erythraea linariifolia (Lam.) Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 283 (1805)
= Erythraea linariifolia var. humilis Griseb.; Gen. Sp. Gent. 143 (1839)
= Erythraea littoralis Fr.; Novit. Fl. Svec. 30 (1814)
= Erythraea paludosa Schrad. ex Griseb.; Gen. Sp. Gent. 144 (1838)
= Erythraea palustris Schrad. ex Griseb.; Gen. Sp. Gent. 143 (1838)
= Erythraea turolensis Pau; Actas Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 23: 139 (1894)
= Gentiana linariifolia Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2(2): 641 (1788)
species :
Centaurium scilloides (L.f.) Samp.; Herb. Port. 106 (1913)
Name: Azores Centaury (EN)
Distribution: Azores (Santa Maria Isl., Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Graciosa, Sao Jorge, Pico, Faial, Flores Isl., Corvo Isl.)
21 AZO
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurium scilloides (L.f.) Druce; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 4: 1916, 614 (1917)
= Centaurium scilloides subsp. massonii (Sweet ex H.C.Watson) Palhinha; Cat. Pl. Vasc. Açores 92 (1966)
= Erythraea massonii Sweet ex H.C.Watson; London J. Bot. 3: 595 (1844)
= Erythraea scilloides (L.f.) Chaub. ex Puel; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 7: 502 (1860)
= Gentiana scilloides L.f.; Suppl. Pl. 175 (1782)
= Hippion scilloides (L.f.) F.W.Schmidt; Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 1(1): 11 (1796)
species :
Centaurium serpentinicola Carlström; Willdenowia 16(1): 75 (1986)
Name: Serpentin-Tausendgüldenkraut (DE); Serpentine Centaury (EN)
Distribution: East Aegaean Isl. (Rhodos); Turkey (S-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia); Cyprus
34 CYP EAI TUR
species :
Centaurium suffruticosum (Griseb.) Ronniger; Mitt. Naturwiss. Vereines Steiermark 52: 321 (1916)
Distribution: S-Spain; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia
12 SPA 20 ALG MOR TUN
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurium erythraea subsp. bifrons (Pau) Greuter; Willdenowia 11(2): 279 (1981)
= Centaurium erythraea subsp. suffruticosum (Griseb.) Greuter; Willdenowia 11: 279 (1981)
= Centaurium graciliflorum (Pomel) Druce; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 1916: 613 (1917)
= Centaurium majus var. suffriticosum (Griseb.) Zeltner; Bull. Soc. Neuchâteloise Sci. Nat. 93: 109 (1970)
= Centaurium minus f. herculea Pau; Mem. Real Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 361 (1924)
= Centaurium minus var. bifrons Pau; Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 22: 60 (1922)
= Centaurium minus var. suffruticosum (Griseb.) Pau; Mem. Real Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 361 (1924)
= Centaurium umbellatum f. alboroseum Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 32: 213 (1941)
= Centaurium umbellatum f. leucanthum Faure & Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 32: 213 (1941)
= Centaurium umbellatum subsp. bifrons (Pau) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 3: 577 (1934)
= Centaurium umbellatum subsp. perenne Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 29: 436 (1938)
= Centaurium umbellatum subsp. suffruticosum (Griseb.) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 3: 577 (1934)
= Centaurium umbellatum var. brevifolium Batt. ex Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 32: 213 (1941)
= Centaurium umbellatum var. perenne (Maire) Sauvage &Vindt; Fl. Maroc [Sauvage & Vindt] 1: 108 (1952)
= Chironia suffruticosa Salzm. ex Griseb.; Gen. Sp. Gent. 141 (1838)
= Erythraea centaurium var. suffruticosa Griseb.; Gen. Sp. Gent. 140 (1838)
= Erythraea fastuosa Caball.; Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 13: 237 (1913)
= Erythraea graciliflora Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atlant. 1: 83 (1874)
= Erythraea suffruticosa (Griseb.) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 596 (1840)
= Erythraea suffruticosa Salzm. ex Griseb.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 9: 58 (1845)
species :
Centaurium tenuiflorum (Hoffmanns. & Link) Fritsch; Mitt. Naturwiss. Vereins Univ. Wien 5: 97 (1907)
subspecies :
subsp. tenuiflorum
Name: Slender centaury (EN); Zartblütiges Tausendgüldenkraut (DE); Centaura fina (ES)
Distribution: Portugal; Spain; Baleares; France; Channel Isl.; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; ?Bosnia & Hercegovina; ?Montenegro; ?Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; European Turkey; Greece (lowlands widespread, incl. most islands); Crete; European Russia; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Azores (Santa Maria Isl., Faial); Madeira (Madeira Isl.); Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro); Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos, Kastellorhizo Isl.); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iraq (NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Iran (S-Iran); Afghanistan (Kabul); Cyprus (E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jazira); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel); Jordania (W-Jordania); Pakistan (Baluchistan); Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); Lord Howe Isl. [I]; Norfolk Isl. [I]; New Zealand [I]; Chatham Isl. [I]; USA [I] (California [I], Louisiana [I], Mississippi [I], Oregon [I], Texas [I])
12 BAL CIS COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI NMA SIC SLV SMA TUE 14 KRY RUS 20 ALG LBY MOR TUN 21 AZO CNY MDR 33 GEO NCS 34 AFG CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR 40 PAK 50 aus lhi nfk 51 ctm nzl 73 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa
Remarks: pulchellum agg.; tetraploid
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurium hermannii (Sennen) Sennen; Diagn. Nouv. 176 (1936)
= Centaurium laxiflorum f. album H.Lindb.; Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn., Ser. B, Opera Biol. 1(2) (Itin. Medit.): 118 (1932)
= Centaurium laxiflorum H.Lindb.; Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn., Ser. B, Opera Biol. 1(2) (Itin. Medit.): 118 (1932)
= Centaurium ludovicii Sennen; Diagn. Nouv. 196 (1936)
= Centaurium pulchellum f. album (H.Lindb.) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 3: 576 (1934)
= Centaurium pulchellum subsp. laxiflorum (H.Lindb.) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 3: 576 (1934)
= Centaurium pulchellum subsp. tenuiflorum (Hoffmanns. & Link) Maire; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 17: 41 (1928)
= Centaurium pulchellum var. affine (Rouy) Emb. & Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 4: 1096 (1941)
= Centaurium pulchellum var. hermannii (Sennen) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 14: 89 (1983)
= Centaurium pulchellum var. tenuiflorum (Hoffmanns. & Link) Samp.; Herb. Port. 106 (1913)
= Centaurium tenuiflorum f. bicolor Faure & Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 31: 28 (1940)
= Centaurium tenuiflorum var. acutiflorum (Schott) Zeltner; Bull. Soc. Neuchâteloise Sci. Nat. 93: 94 (1970)
= Centaurium tenuiflorum var. affine (Rouy) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 31: 28 (1940)
= Centaurium tenuiflorum var. hermanii (Sennen) Zeltner; Bull. Soc. Neuchâteloise Sci. Nat. 93: 94 (1970)
= Centaurium tenuiflorum var. hermannii (Sennen) Zeltner; Bull. Soc. Neuchâteloise Sci. Nat. 93: 94 (1970)
= Erythraea cymuligera Gand.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 65: 60 (1918)
= Erythraea hermannii Sennen; Bol. Soc. Iber. Ci. Nat. 29: 40 (1930)
= Erythraea latifolia Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4(1): 67 (1875) (non Sm. (1824))
= Erythraea latifolia var. tenuiflora (Hoffmanns. & Link) Willk.; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 661 (1870)
= Erythraea pulchella subsp. tenuiflora (Hoffmanns. & Link) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 475 (1882)
= Erythraea ramosissima var. pseudolinariifolia (Rouy) Cout.; Fl. Portugal, ed. 2: 574 (1939)
= Erythraea ramosissima var. tenuiflora (Hoffmanns. & Link) Cout.; Fl. Portugal, ed. 2: 574 (1939)
= Erythraea tenuiflora Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 1: 354, t. 67 (1813-1820)
= Erythraea tenuiflora var. affinis Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 10: 242 (1908)
= Erythraea tenuiflora var. pseudolinariifolia (Rouy) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 10: 242 (1908)
= Gentiana ramosissima Brot.; Fl. Lusit. 1: 276 (1804), nom. illeg.
subspecies :
subsp. acutiflorum (Schott) Zeltner; Bull. Soc. Neuchâteloise Sci. Nat. 93: 94 (1970)
Name: Spitzblütiges Tausendgüldenkraut (DE); Acute-flowered Centaury (EN)
Distribution: Spain; Baleares; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Croatia; European Turkey; Greece (incl. Kiklades); Crete; Morocco; Tunisia; Chad; East Aegaean Isl. (incl. Rhodos); Turkey
12 BAL COR FRA SAR SPA 13 CRO GRC ITA KRI SIC TUE 20 MOR TUN 24 CHA 34 EAI TUR
Remarks: diploid
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurium acutiflorum (Schott) Druce; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 612 (1916 publ. 1917)
= Erythraea acutiflora Schott; Oken, Isis (1818), 821
= Erythraea centaurium subsp. latifolia Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France 213 (1894)
= Erythraea centaurium subsp. latifolia R.C.V.Douin; Fl. Ill. France 7: 108 (1924)
subspecies :
subsp. anglicum T.C.G.Rich & McVeigh; Edinburgh J. Bot. 76: 173 (2018)
Distribution: England (S-England: Dorset, Isle of Wight)
10 GRB
subspecies :
subsp. viridense (Bolle) O.E.Erikss., A.Hansen & Sunding; Fl. Macaronesia, ed. 2, 1: 92 (1979)
Distribution: Cape Verde Isl. (Ilha de Sao Tiago, Fogo Isl., Ilha Brava)
21 CVI
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurium viridense (Bolle) Druce; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 614 (1916 publ. 1917)
= Centaurium viridense (Bolle) Rivas Mart., Lousã, J.C.Costa & Maria C.Duarte; Int. J. Geobot. Res. 7: 21 (2017), isonym
= Erythraea viridensis Bolle; Bonplandia (Hannover) 9: 52 (1861)
species :
Centaurium ×aschersonianum (Seemen) Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi, Begr.] 5: 1973 (1927)
Distribution: Germany (Niedersachsen); Czech Republic; etc.
11 CZE GER
Remarks: Centaurium littorale x pulchellum
Synonyms: hidden
= Erythraea ×aschersoniana Seemen; Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 3-4: 45 (1897)
species :
Centaurium ×cicekii Yild. & Yaprak; Ot Sist. Bot. Derg. 21(1): 36 (2015)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
Remarks: C. serpentinicola x C. tenuiflorum
species :
Centaurium ×jolivetinum (P.Fourn.) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 856 (1938)
Distribution: France; etc.
12 FRA
Remarks: Centaurium erythraea x pulchellum
Synonyms: hidden
= Erythraea ×jolivetina P.Fourn.; Le Monde Pl. 32: 26 (1931)
= Centaurium ×ubsdellii Croat; Edinburgh J. Bot. 76(2): 175 (2018), nom. inval.
species :
Centaurium ×klattii P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 856 (1938) ex T. C. G. Rich, Edinburgh J. Bot. 76(2): 175 (2018)
Distribution: Great Britain; Germany (Niedersachsen); France
10 GRB 11 GER 12 FRA
Remarks: Centaurium erythraea x littorale
species :
Centaurium ×litardierei Ronniger ex Litard.; Candollea 11: 213 (1948)
Distribution: Corsica
12 COR
Remarks: C. erythraea x C. tenuiflorum
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.03 (March 6th, 2025)

Covering 356,112 accepted species,
8,776 hybrids, 48,085 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,454 synonyms,
in total 1,415,427* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life