; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 909 (1753)
Distribution: mostly Europe, Mediterranean and W-Asia, few E-Asia, trop. Africa. Delimitation and status of species (or subspecies) is fairly controversial. Recently, more former subspecies are (again) recognized as species. Retention of Cyanus and Lopholoma as subgenera fide Hilbert et al. (2014)
= Acosta DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 5: 90 (1836), nom. illeg.
= Acrocentron Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2 [F. Cuvier] 44: 37 (1826)
= Acrolophus Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2 [F. Cuvier] 50: 253 (1827)
= Alophium Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F. Cuvier] 54: 493 (1828)
= Ammocyanus (Boiss.) Dostál; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 19(1 -4): 78 (1973)
= Antaurea Neck.; Elem. Bot. [Necker] 1: 70 (1790), nom. inval.
= Behen Hill; Veg. Syst. 4: 41 (1762)
= Benedicta Bernh.; Syst. Verz. Erf. 108 (1800)
= Calcitrapa Heist. ex Fabr.; Enum. [Fabricius] Meth. Pl. 94 (1759)
= Calcitrapoides Fabr.; Enum. [Fabricius] Meth. Pl. 94 (1759)
= Carbeni Adans.; Fam. Pl. [Adanson] 2: 116, 532 (1763), nom. superfl.
= Cardosanctus Bubani; Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 2: 152 (1899), nom. superfl.
= Centaurium Haller; Hist. Stirp. Helv. 1: 69 (1768), nom. illeg.
= Cestrinus Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2 [F. Cuvier] 8: 24 (1817)
= Chartolepis Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F. Cuvier] 44: 36 (1826)
= Cheirolepis Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 1, 10: 106 (1849)
= Chrysopappus Takht.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 7: 275 (1938)
= Cistrum Hill; Veg. Syst. 4: 36 (1762)
= Cnicus Gaertn.; Fruct. 2: 385, t. 162 (1791)
= Cnicus L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 826 (1753), nom. cons.
= Colymbada Hill; Veg. Syst. 4: 31 (1762)
= Crepula Hill; Veg. Syst. 4: 9 (1762)
= Cyanus Mill.; Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4: s.p. (1754)
= Cynaroides (Boiss. ex Walp.) Dostál; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 19(1-4): 77 (1973)
= Eremopappus Takht.; Proc. Acad. Sci. Armen. SSR 2: No. 1, 25 (1945), reimpr.
= Erinacella (Rech.f.) Dostál; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 19: 77 (1973)
= Eriopha Hill; Veg. Syst. 4: 47 (1762)
= Grossheimia Sosn. & Takht.; Proc. Acad. Sci. Armen. SSR 3: No. 1, 22 (1945)
= Heraclea Hill; Veg. Syst. 4: 37 (1762)
= Hierapicra Siegesb. ex Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 346 (1891)
= Hippophaestum Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 443 (1821)
= Hookia Neck.; Elem. Bot. [Necker] 1: 70 (1790), nom. inval.
= Hyalea (DC.) Jaub. & Spach; Illustr. 3: 19, t. 214-217, 292 (1847)
= Hymenocentron Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F. Cuvier] 44: 37 (1826)
= Jacea Mill.; Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4 (1754)
= Lepteranthus Neck. ex Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n. s. 17: 96 (1869)
= Leucacantha Nieuwl. & Lunell; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 5: 71 (1917)
= Leucantha Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 443 (1821)
= Lopholoma Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F. Cuvier] 44: 37 (1826)
= Melanoloma Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2 [F. Cuvier] 29: 472 (1823)
= Menomphalus Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 32 (1874)
= Mesocentron Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2 [F. Cuvier] 44: 38 (1826), nom. superfl.
= Microlophus Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F. Cuvier] 44: 37 (1826)
= Paraphysis (DC.) Dostál; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 19: 76 (1973)
= Pectinastrum Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F. Cuvier] 44: 38 (1826)
= Petrodavisia Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 10(2): 193 (1975)
= Phaeopappus (DC.) Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 6: 122 (1846)
= Phalolepis Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2 [F. Cuvier] 50: 248 (1827)
= Philostizus Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2 [F. Cuvier] 39: 498 (1826)
= Phrygia (Pers.) Bosc; Déterv., Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., ed. 2, 26: 17 (1818)
= Piptoceras Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2 [F. Cuvier] 50: 469 (1827)
= Platylophus Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2 [F. Cuvier] 44: 36 (1826), nom. rej.
= Plumosipappus Czerep.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 20: 457 (1960)
= Podia Neck.; Elem. Bot. [Necker] 1: 72 (1790), nom. inval.
= Polyacantha Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 443 (1821)
= Psora Hill; Veg. Syst. 4: 30 (1762)
= Pterolophus Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F. Cuvier] 44: 34 (1826)
= Pycnocomus Hill; Veg. Syst. 4: 38 (1762), nom. superfl.
= Rhacoma Adans.; Fam. Pl. [Adanson] 2: 117 (1763), nom. illeg.
= Rhaponticum Ludwig; Inst. Reg. Veg., ed. 2: 123 (1757), nom. superfl.
= Sagmen Hill; Veg. Syst. 4: 35 (1762)
= Seridia Juss.; Gen. 173 (1789)
= Setachna Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées 518 (1867)
= Solstitiaria Hill; Veg. Syst. 4: 21 (1762)
= Sphaerocephala Hill; Veg. Syst. 4: 48 (1762)
= Spilacron Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F. Cuvier] 50: 238 (1827)
= Staebe Hill; Veg. Syst. 3: 145 (1761) 4: 33 (1762)
= Stenolophus Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2 [F. Cuvier] 44: 35 (1826), nom. superfl.
= Stephanochilus Coss. & Durieu ex Benth. & Hook.f.; Gen. 2: 477 (1873)
= Tetramorphaea DC.; Guill. Arch. Bot. 2: 331 (1833)
= Tomanthea DC.; Prodr. 5I. 564 (1837)
= Triplocentron Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F. Cuvier] 44: 38 (1826)
= Veltis Adans.; Fam. Pl. [Adanson] 2: 116 (1763) 2: 116 (1763)
= Verutina Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F. Cuvier] 44: 38 (1826) 58: 8 (1829)
= Wagenitzia Dostál; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 19(1-4): 76 (1973)
= xAcostitrapa Rauschert; Feddes Repert. 83: 655 (1973)
= xColycea Fern.Casas & Susanna; Fontqueria 2: 21 (1982)
= xColymbacosta Rauschert; Feddes Repert. 83: 656 (1973)
= xJaceacosta Rauschert; Feddes Repert. 83: 655 (1973)
= xJaceitrapa Rauschert; Feddes Repert. 83: 656 (1973)