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Ver. 25.03
Mar. 6th, 2025

242.0000 Family Betulaceae Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 222, 243 (1822), nom. cons.
6 genera, ca. 200 spp.
Species listed in database: 172; hybrids: 38
= Carpinaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 265, 280 (1818)
= Corylaceae Mirb.; Elém. Physiol. Vég. Bot. 2: 906 (1815), nom. cons.
242.2202 Genus Carpinus L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 998 (1753)
Distribution: Temperate Northern Hemisphere, chiefly E-Asia, North America (1), Central America (1), Europe (3)
Species listed in database: 44; hybrids: 1
= Distegocarpus Siebold & Zucc.; (Fam. Nat. Fl. Jap. 2: 102, t. 3), in Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 4(3): 226 (1846)
species :
Carpinus austrobalcanica D.Lakusic, Kuzmanovic, Stevanoski, Schönsw. & Frajman; Perspect. Pl. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 64-125812: 8 (2024)
Distribution: S-Albania; NW-Greece
13 ALB GRC
species :
Carpinus betulus L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 998 (1753)
Name: Hainbuche (DE), (European) Hornbeam (EN)
Distribution: England (England, Wales, Isle of Man, Scotland, Isles of Scilly); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Denmark; Sweden; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Spain [I]; France; Channel Isl. (Alderney, Guernsey, Jersey, Sark); Italy; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (N- & NC-Greece); S-European Russia; Estonia [I]; Latvia [I]; S-Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, WN-Anatolia); Iran (NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan); USA [I] (Kentucky [I], New York [I])
10 DEN GRB IRE SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 CIS FRA spa 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 BLR est lat LIT MLD RUS UKR 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR 75 usa 78 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Carpinus betulus f. albovariegata C.K.Schneid.; Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. [C.K.Schneider] 1: 140 (1940)
= Carpinus betulus f. aureovariegata C.K.Schneid.; Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. [C.K.Schneider] 1: 140 (1940)
= Carpinus betulus f. columnaris (Beissn.) Späth ex Schelle; Handb. Laubholzben. [Beissner et al.] 48 (1903)
= Carpinus betulus f. cucullata H.J.P.Winkl.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.61, Heft 19 (Betulac.): 31 (1904)
= Carpinus betulus f. fastigiata (G.Nicholson) Schelle; Handb. Laubholzben. [Beissner et al.] 48 (1903)
= Carpinus betulus f. horizontalis Simon-Louis; Preisverw., Herbst (1902-1903 publ. 1902)
= Carpinus betulus f. incisa (Aiton) C.K.Schneid.; Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. [C.K.Schneider] 1: 140 (1904)
= Carpinus betulus f. luteovariegata Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 3: 68 (1910)
= Carpinus betulus f. obtusifolia G.Kirchn.; Arbor. Muscav. [Petzold & Kirchner] 667 (1864)
= Carpinus betulus f. pendula (Massé) H.J.P.Winkl.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.61, Heft 19 (Betulac.): 31 (1904)
= Carpinus betulus f. purpurea Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 140 (1891)
= Carpinus betulus f. purpurea K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(2): 3 (1873)
= Carpinus betulus f. pyramidalis Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 140 (1891)
= Carpinus betulus f. quercifolia (A.DC.) C.K.Schneid.; Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. [C.K.Schneider] 1: 140 (1904)
= Carpinus betulus f. serrata (Beck) Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 3: 68 (1910)
= Carpinus betulus f. subacuta Domin; 34 (1931)
= Carpinus betulus f. variegata Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 140 (1891)
= Carpinus betulus subsp. carpinizza (Kil.) O.Schwarz; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges. 1: 96 (1949)
= Carpinus betulus subsp. serrata (Beck) O.Schwarz; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges. 1: 96 (1949)
= Carpinus betulus var. angustifolia Zapal.; 162 (1907)
= Carpinus betulus var. carpinizza (Kil.) Neilr.; Enum. Pl. Phan. Austriac., Nachtr. 76 (1861)
= Carpinus betulus var. columnaris Beissn.; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 1899: 133 (1899)
= Carpinus betulus var. edentula Zapal.; 162 (1907)
= Carpinus betulus var. fastigiata G.Nicholson; Garden (London, 1871-1927) 24: 419 (1883)
= Carpinus betulus var. incisa Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 3: 362 (1789)
= Carpinus betulus var. obtusifolia G.Kirchn.; Arbor. Muscav. [Petzold & Kirchner] 667 (1864)
= Carpinus betulus var. pendula (Massé) G.Kirchn.; Arbor. Muscav. [Petzold & Kirchner] 667 (1864)
= Carpinus betulus var. provincialis Gay ex Gren. & Godr.; Fl. France [Grenier] 3: 121 (1855)
= Carpinus betulus var. quercifolia (Desf.) Tzvelev; Fl. Vostochnoi Evropy (2004)
= Carpinus betulus var. serrata Beck; Fl. Nieder-Österreich 266 (1890)
= Carpinus carpinizza Kit.; Fl. Austriac. [Host] 2: 626 (1831)
= Carpinus caucasica Grossh.; Izv. Azerbaidzhansk. Fil. 1940(5): 34 (1940)
= Carpinus compressus Gilib.; Exerc. Phyt. 2: 399 (1792), opus utique oppr.
= Carpinus intermedia Wierzb. ex Rchb.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. [H.G.L.Reichenbach] 12: 4 (1850)
= Carpinus nervata Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées 141 (1867)
= Carpinus pendula Massé; Rev. Hort. (Paris), Sér. 4, 2: 271 (1853)
= Carpinus quercifolia Desf. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 300 (1840), nom. inval.
= Carpinus sepium Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 2: 212 (1779), nom. superfl.
= Carpinus ulmifolia Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 392 (1796), nom. superfl.
= Carpinus ulmifolia St.-Lag.; Étude Fl. [A.Cariot], éd. 8: 2: 742 (1889)
= Carpinus ulmoides Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 245 (1821 publ. 1822), nom. superfl.
= Carpinus vulgaris Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 1 (1768)
species :
Carpinus caroliniana Walter; Fl. Carol. [Walter] 236 (1788)
subspecies :
subsp. caroliniana
Name: American hornbeam
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia); Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Querétaro, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz); Bolivia [c]
74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 83 bol
Synonyms: hidden
= Carpinus tropicalis subsp. mexicana Furlow; Syst. Bot. 12(3): 431 (1987)
= Carpinus americanus Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Hooker] 2: 201 (1803)
= Carpinus ostryoides Raf.; Med. Repos., Ser. 3, 2: 333 (1811)
subspecies :
subsp. virginiana (Marshall) Furlow; Syst. Bot. 12: 429 (1987)
Distribution: Canada (Ontario, Québec); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, Vermont, Wisconsin, West Virginia)
72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carpinus betulus var. virginiana Marshall; Arbust. Amer. 25 (1785)
= Carpinus caroliniana var. virginiana (Marshall) Fernald; Rhodora 37: 425 (1935)
species :
Carpinus chingiana C.C.Yang; Distr. Woody Pl. Sichuan 661 (1997)
Distribution: China (Sichuan)
36 CHI
Remarks: provisionally accepted name, status unconfirmed
species :
Carpinus chuniana Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 13(3): 334-335 (1932)
Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guizhou, SE-Hubei)
36 CHI
species :
Carpinus cordata Blume; Mus. Bot. 1: 309 (1851)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Primorye); China (SE-Gansu, Hebei, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi); Japan
31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Carpinus cordata var. brevistachyus S.L.Tung; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 1(1-2): 139 (1981)
= Carpinus erosa Blume; Mus. Bot. 1: 308 (1851)
= Carpinus erosa var. microcarpa Hayashi; Bull. Gov. Forest Exp. Sta. 57: 154 (1952)
= Carpinus erosa var. velutina Hayashi; Bull. Gov. Forest Exp. Sta. 77: 26, f. 13 (1955)
= Distegocarpus cordatus (Blume) A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2): 128 (1864)
= Distegocarpus erosa (Blume) A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2): 128 (1864)
= Ostrya mandshurica Budishchev; Zap. Sibirsk. Otd. Imp. Russk. Geogr. Obshch. 9-10: 461 (1867)
variant :
var. chinensis Franch.; J. Bot. [Morot] 13: 202 (1899)
Distribution: China (Anhui, SE-Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, SW-Shaanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang); North Korea; South Korea (incl. Cheju Isl.)
36 CHI 38 KOR NKO
Synonyms: hidden
= Carpinus chinensis (Franch.) S.J.Pei; Bull. Bot. Acad. Sinica 2: 223 (1948)
variant :
var. mollis (Rehder) W.C.Cheng ex Chun; Ill. Manual Chin. Trees & Shrubs 163 (1937)
Distribution: China (Gansu, S-Ningxia, Shaanxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Carpinus mollis Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 11: 154 (1930)
species :
Carpinus dayongiana K.W.Liu & Q.Z.Lin; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 6(2): 143 (1986)
Distribution: China (Hunan)
36 CHI
species :
Carpinus faginea Lindl.; Pl. Asiat. Rar. [Wallich] 2: 5 (1830)
Distribution: Nepal; Bhutan; NW-India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand)
40 BHU IND NEP
species :
Carpinus fangiana Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 10(3): 154-155 (1929)
Distribution: China (N-Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, E-Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Carpinus wilsoniana Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 10: 155 (1929)
species :
Carpinus fargesiana H.J.P.Winkl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 50(Suppl.): 507, f. 6 (1914)
Distribution: China (S-Gansu, W-Henan, W-Hubei, S-Shaanxi, Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Carpinus daginensis Hu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(3): 293 (1964)
= Carpinus fargesiana var. tchouana C.C.Yang; Distr. Woody Pl. Sichuan 662 (1997)
variant :
var. ovalifolia (H.J.P.Winkl.) Holstein & Weigend; Eur. J. Taxon. 375: 13 (2017)
Distribution: China (W-Hubei, E-Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Carpinus fargesiana var. hwai (Hu & W.C.Cheng) P.C.Li; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 21: 82 (1979)
= Carpinus hwai Hu & W.C.Cheng; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot., n. s. 1: 148 (1948)
= Carpinus turczaninovii var. ovalifolia H.J.P.Winkl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 50(Suppl.): 505 (1914)
species :
Carpinus firmifolia (H.J.P.Winkl.) Hu; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot., n. s. 1: 144 (1948)
Distribution: China (C-Guizhou)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Carpinus pubescens var. bigiehensis Hu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(3): 290-291 (1964)
= Carpinus pubescens var. firmifolia (H.J.P.Winkl.) Hu; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 21: 80 (1979)
= Carpinus pubescens var. firmifolia (H.J.P.Winkl.) Hu ex P.C.Li; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 21: 80 (1979)
= Carpinus turczaninowii var. firmifolia H.J.P.Winkl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 50(Suppl.): 505 (1914)
species :
Carpinus gigabracteatus Z.Qiang Lu; PhytoKeys 145: 50 (2020)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Carpinus hebestroma Yamam.; Icon. Pl. Formosan., Suppl. 5: 14-15, f. 4 (1932)
Distribution: E-Taiwan
38 TAI
species :
Carpinus henryana (H.J.P.Winkl.) H.J.P.Winkl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 50(Suppl.): 507, f. 7 (1914)
Distribution: China (E-Gansu, W-Guizhou, Henan, W-Hubei, S-Shaanxi, E-Sichuan, Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Carpinus henryana var. oblongifolia (Hu) Rushforth; Plantsman 8: 249 (1987)
= Carpinus hupeana var. henryana (H.J.P.Winkl.) P.C.Li; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 21: 83 (1979)
= Carpinus tschonoskii var. henryana H.J.P.Winkl.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.61, Heft 19 (Betulac.): 36 (1904)
= Carpinus henryana var. chuana C.C.Yang; Distr. Woody Pl. Sichuan 661 (1997)
variant :
var. oblongifolia (Hu) Rushforth; Plantsman 8: 249 (1987)
Distribution: China (Anhui, S-Henan, W-Hubei, N-Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Zhejiang)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Carpinus funiushanensis P.C.Kuo; Fl. Tsinling. 1(2): 67, f. 59 (1974)
= Carpinus huana W.C.Cheng; Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China 9: 68 (1933)
= Carpinus hupeana Hu; Sunyatsenia 1(2-3): 118-119 (1933)
= Carpinus longipes Hu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(3): 291-292 (1964)
= Carpinus oblongifolia (Hu) Hu & W.C.Cheng; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot., n. s. 1: 146 (1948)
= Carpinus turczaninovii var. oblongifolia Hu; Sinensia 1: 115 (1933)
variant :
var. simplicidentata (Hu) Rushforth; Plantsman 8: 249 (1987)
Distribution: China (E-Gansu, W-Hubei, S-Shaanxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Carpinus henryana var. simplicidentata (Hu) Rushforth; Plantsman 8(4): 249 (1987)
= Carpinus hupeana var. simplicidentata (Hu) P.C.Li; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 21: 83 (1979)
= Carpinus simplicidentata Hu; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot., n. s. 1: 143 (1948)
species :
Carpinus insularis N.H.Xia, K.S.Pang & Y.H.Tong; J. Trop. Subtrop. Bot. 22(2): 121 (2014)
Distribution: China (Hongkong)
36 CHI
species :
Carpinus japonica Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 308 (1851)
Distribution: Japan
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Carpinus carpinoides Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 391 (1912)
= Carpinus carpinoides var. cordifolia (H.J.P.Winkl.) Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 391 (1912)
= Carpinus carpinus (Siebold & Zucc.) Sarg.; Gard. & Forest 6: 364 (1893), nom. inval.
= Carpinus distegocarpus Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 27: 144 (1913)
= Carpinus japonica var. caudata H.J.P.Winkl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 50(Suppl.): 488 (1914)
= Carpinus japonica var. cordifolia H.J.P.Winkl.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.61, Heft 19 (Betulac.): 26 (1904)
= Distegocarpus carpinoides Siebold & Zucc.; Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 4(3) (Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. 2): 798 (1846), orth. var.
= Distegocarpus carpinus Siebold & Zucc.; Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 4(3): 227 (1846)
species :
Carpinus kawakamii Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 3: 175-176, f. 24, pl. 33B (1913)
Distribution: China (Fujian); Taiwan
36 CHI 38 TAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Carpinus hogoensis Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 6: 62-63 (1916)
= Carpinus sekii Yamam.; Icon. Pl. Formosan., Suppl. 5: 12-14, f. 3 (1932)
variant :
var. minutiserrata (Hayata) S.S.Ying; Coloured Ill. Fl. Taiwan 3: 271 (1988)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Carpinus minutiserrata Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 3: 177 (1913)
species :
Carpinus kweichowensis Hu; Sinensia 2(5): 79-82, f. 1 (1931)
Distribution: China (SW-Guizhou, SE-Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Carpinus austroyunnanensis Hu; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot., n. s. 1: 213 (1948)
species :
Carpinus langaoensis Z.Qiang Lu & J.Quan Liu; Phytotaxa 295(2): 191 (2017)
Distribution: China (Shaanxi)
36 CHI
species :
Carpinus laxiflora (Siebold & Zucc.) Blume; Mus. Bot. 1: 309 (1851)
Distribution: North Korea; South Korea (incl. Cheju Isl.); Japan
38 JAP KOR NKO
Synonyms: hidden
= Carpinus laxiflora f. lacera Hayashi; J. Geobot. 22: 4 (1974)
= Carpinus laxiflora f. macrophylla (Nakai) W.Lee; Lineamenta Florae Koreae 165 (1996)
= Carpinus laxiflora f. pendula (Miyoshi) Sugim.; New Keys Jap. Trees 117, 458 (1961)
= Carpinus laxiflora var. chartacea H.Lév.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 51: 424 (1904)
= Carpinus laxiflora var. longispica Uyeki; Suigen Gakuho 41: 9 (1924)
= Carpinus laxiflora var. macrophylla Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 45: 112 (1931)
= Carpinus laxiflora var. macrothyrsa Koidz.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 9: 73 (1940)
= Carpinus laxiflora var. pendula Miyoshi; Rep. Nat. Monum. Invest. Pl. 8: 45 (1928)
= Distegocarpus laxiflora Siebold & Zucc.; Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 4(3): 228 (1846)
species :
Carpinus lipoensis Y.K.Li; Guizhou Sci. 1983(2): 20 (1983)
Distribution: China (Guizhou)
36 CHI
Remarks: status questionable
species :
Carpinus londoniana H.J.P.Winkl.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.61, Heft 19 (Betulac.): 32 (1904)
Distribution: China (S-Anhui, Fujian, N-Guangdong, Guangxi, SE-Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); SE-Myanmar; Thailand; Laos; Vietnam
36 CHI 41 LAO MYA THA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Carpinus poilanei A.Camus; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 76: 968 (1929)
= Carpinus poilanei var. chevalieri A.Camus; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 76: 969 (1929 publ. 1930)
variant :
var. lanceolata (Hand.-Mazz.) P.C.Li; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 21: 68 (1979)
Distribution: China (Hainan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Carpinus lanceolata Hand.-Mazz.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 80: 22 (1931)
variant :
var. latifolia P.C.Li; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 17(1): 87 (1979)
Distribution: China (Zhejiang)
36 CHI
variant :
var. xiphobracteata P.C.Li; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 17(1): 87 (1979)
Distribution: China (Zhejiang)
36 CHI
species :
Carpinus luochengensis J.Y.Liang; Guihaia 6: 275 (1986)
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
Remarks: status questionable
species :
Carpinus mengshanensis S.B.Liang & F.Z.Zhao; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 11(2): 33-34, f. 1-7 (1991)
Distribution: China (Shandong)
36 CHI
species :
Carpinus microphylla Z.C.Chen ex Y.S.Wang & J.P.Huang; Guihaia 5(1): 15-16, f. 1-6 (1985)
Distribution: China (W-Guangxi)
36 CHI
species :
Carpinus mollicoma Hu; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot., n. s. 1: 216 (1948)
Distribution: China (Sichuan, SE-Yunnan); E-Tibet
36 CHI TIB
species :
Carpinus monbeigiana Hand.-Mazz.; Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 61: 162 (1924)
Distribution: China (Yunnan); Tibet
36 CHI TIB
Synonyms: hidden
= Carpinus densispica Hu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9: 286 (1964)
= Carpinus likiangensis Hu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(3): 287-288 (1964)
= Carpinus monbeigiana var. weisiensis Hu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(3): 285-286 (1964)
species :
Carpinus omeiensis Hu & W.P.Fang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9: 296 (1964)
Distribution: China (Guizhou, Sichuan)
36 CHI
species :
Carpinus orientalis Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 3 (1768)
subspecies :
subsp. orientalis
Name: Orientalische Hainbuche (DE)
Distribution: Slovakia; Hungary; Italy; Sicily; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread on mainland, Thasos, Samothraki); European Russia; Moldova; Crimea; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Turkey (N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iran (NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan); Syria (W-Syrian Mountains)
11 HUN SLO 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 KRY MLD RUS 33 ARM GEO NCS 34 IRN SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Carpinus duinensis Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 2: 243 (1772)
= Carpinus minor Pall.; Reise Russ. Reich. 2: 95 (1773)
= Carpinus nigra Moench; Verz. Ausländ. Bäume 19 (1785), nom. superfl.
subspecies :
subsp. macrocarpa (Willk.) Browicz; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 97: 2 (1972)
Distribution: Azerbaijan (Talysh); Iran
33 AZE 34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Carpinus macrocarpa (Willk.) H.J.P.Winkl.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.61, Heft 19 (Betulac.): 38 (1904)
= Carpinus orientalis var. macrocarpa Willk.; Forstl. Fl. Deutschl. Oesterr. 368 (1887)
species :
Carpinus polyneura Franch.; J. Bot. [Morot] 13(7): 202-203 (1899)
Distribution: China (Fujian, N-Guangdong, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, NE-Sichuan, Zhejiang)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Carpinus glandulosopunctata (C.J.Qi) C.J.Qi; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 20(1): 3 (2000)
= Carpinus handelii Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 1(1): 59-60 (1919)
= Carpinus polyneura var. glandulosopunctulata C.J.Qi; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 22: 494 (1984)
= Carpinus polyneura var. wilsoniana H.J.P.Winkl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 50(Suppl.): 506 (1914)
= Carpinus turczaninowii var. polyneura (Franch.) H.J.P.Winkl.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.61, Heft 19 (Betulac.): 38 (1904)
variant :
var. sunpanensis (W.Y.Hsia) P.C.Li; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 21: 86 (1979)
Distribution: China (N-Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Carpinus sunpanensis W.Y.Hsia; Contr. Inst. Bot. Natl. Acad. Peiping 2: 180, pl. 14 (1934)
variant :
var. tsunyihensis (Hu) P.C.Li; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 21: 88 (1979)
Distribution: China (Guizhou)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Carpinus tsunyihensis Hu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(3): 296-297 (1964)
species :
Carpinus pubescens Burkill; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26(178): 502 (1899)
Distribution: China (Guizhou, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan); Vietnam
36 CHI 41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Carpinus austrosinensis Hu; Sinensia 2(5): 87-90, f. 4 (1931)
= Carpinus kweitingensis Hu; Sunyatsenia 1(2-3): 119-120 (1931)
= Carpinus kweiyangensis Hu; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot., n. s. 1: 187 (1948)
= Carpinus lancilimba Hu; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot., n. s. 1: 142 (1948)
= Carpinus marlipoensis Hu; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot., n. s. 1: 215 (1948)
= Carpinus marlipoensis var. angustifolia Hu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9: 288 (1964)
= Carpinus parva Hu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(3): 292-293 (1964)
= Carpinus pilosinucula Hu; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot., n. s. 1: 142 (1948)
= Carpinus pinfaensis H.Lév. & Vaniot; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 52: 142 (1905)
= Carpinus pingpienensis Hu; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot., n. s. 1: 188 (1948)
= Carpinus pubescens var. kweitingensis (Hu) Hu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9: 290 (1964)
= Carpinus pubescens var. seemeniana (Diels) Hu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9: 290 (1964)
= Carpinus seemeniana Diels; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29(2): 279-280 (1900)
= Carpinus tsiangiana Hu; Sinensia 2(5): 90-92, f. 5 (1931)
= Carpinus tsoongiana Hu; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot., n. s. 1: 186 (1948)
= Carpinus tungtzeensis Hu; Sinensia 2(5): 85-87, f. 3 (1931)
= Carpinus wangii Hu & W.C.Cheng; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot., n. s. 1: 147 (1948)
species :
Carpinus purpurinervis Hu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(3): 293-294 (1964)
Distribution: China (Guangxi, Guizhou)
36 CHI
species :
Carpinus putoensis W.C.Cheng; Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China 8: 72, pl. 1 (1932)
Distribution: China (Zhejiang)
36 CHI
Conservation Status: Endangered, only one individual known in the wild
species :
Carpinus rankanensis Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 6: 63-64, pl. 8, f. 10 (1916)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
variant :
var. matsudae Yamam.; Icon. Pl. Formosan., Suppl. 5: 15-16, f. 5 (1932)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
species :
Carpinus rupestris A.Camus; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 76: 966 (1929)
Distribution: China (W-Guangxi, SW-Guizhou, SE-Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Carpinus shensiensis Hu; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot., n. s. 1: 145 (1948)
Distribution: China (S-Gansu, S-Shaanxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Carpinus shensiensis var. paucineura S.Z.Qu & K.Y.Wang; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 8(4): 111 (1988)
species :
Carpinus shimenensis C.J.Qi; J. Nanjing Technol. Coll. Forest Prod. 1981(3): 123 (1981)
Distribution: China (Hunan)
36 CHI
Remarks: status very doubtful
species :
Carpinus tibetana Z.Qiang Lu & J.Quan Liu; PhytoKeys 98: 11 (2018)
Distribution: Tibet
36 TIB
species :
Carpinus tientaiensis W.C.Cheng; Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China, Bot. Ser. 8: 135 (1932)
Distribution: China (NW-Zhejiang)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Carpinus laxiflora var. tientaiensis (W.C.Cheng) Hu; Sunyatsenia 1(2-3): 112 (1933)
species :
Carpinus tropicalis (Donn.Sm.) Lundell; Lloydia 2: 79 (1939)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas); Guatemala; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica
79 MEX 80 COS ELS GUA HON NIC
Synonyms: hidden
= Carpinus americanus var. tropicalis Donn.Sm.; Bot. Gaz. 15: 28 (1890)
= Carpinus caroliniana var. tropicalis (Donn.Sm.) Standl.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 23: 169 (1920)
species :
Carpinus tsaiana Hu; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot., n. s. 1: 141 (1948)
Distribution: China (SE-Yunnan, SW-Guizhou)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Carpinus sichourensis Hu; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot., n. s. 1: 214 (1948)
species :
Carpinus tschonoskii Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg 27(4): 534 (1882)
Distribution: China (Anhui, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); South Korea (incl. Cheju Isl.); Japan
36 CHI 38 JAP KOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Carpinus coreensis Koidz.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 9: 73 (1940)
= Carpinus eximia Nakai; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 249 (1914), et in Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 29: 38 (1915)
= Carpinus falcatibracteata Hu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(3): 297-298 (1964)
= Carpinus fauriei Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 325 (1912)
= Carpinus mianningensis T.P.Li; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 12: 334 (1992)
= Carpinus obovatifolia Hu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9: 289 (1964)
= Carpinus paohsingensis W.Y.Hsia; Contr. Inst. Bot. Natl. Acad. Peiping 2: 179 (1934)
= Carpinus tschonoskii f. brevicalycina (Nakai) M.Kim; Korean Endemic Pl. 525 (2017)
= Carpinus tschonoskii f. eximia (Nakai) M.Kim; Korean Endemic Pl. 300 (2004), et 525 (2017)
= Carpinus tschonoskii f. pendula Hayashi; Res. Rep. Inst. Forest. Exp. Station 125: 72 (1960)
= Carpinus tschonoskii var. brevicalycina Nakai; Handb. Kor.-Manch. For. 92 (1932)
= Carpinus tschonoskii var. eximia (Nakai) Hatus.; Exp. Forest. Kyushu Imp. Univ. 5: 48 (1934)
= Carpinus tschonoskii var. falcatibracteata (Hu) P.C.Li; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 21: 85 (1979)
= Carpinus tschonoskii var. subintegra H.J.P.Winkl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 50(Suppl.): 501 (1914)
= Carpinus yedoensis Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg 27: 535 (1881)
= Carpinus yedoensis var. jablonszkyi H.J.P.Winkl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 50(Suppl.): 500 (1914)
= Carpinus yedoensis var. serratiauriculata H.J.P.Winkl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 50(Suppl.): 500 (1914)
species :
Carpinus turczaninovii Hance; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 10: 203. 1869 (1867)
Distribution: China (Beijing, Gansu, Henan, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong); North Korea; South Korea; Japan
36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO
Synonyms: hidden
= Carpinus chowii Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 13(3): 334 (1932)
= Carpinus coreana Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 40: 162 (1926)
= Carpinus coreana var. major Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 40: 163 (1926)
= Carpinus paxii H.J.P.Winkl.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.61, Heft 19 (Betulac.): 35 (1904)
= Carpinus stipulata H.J.P.Winkl.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.61, Heft 19 (Betulac.): 35 (1904)
= Carpinus tanakaeana Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 28: 32 (1914)
= Carpinus turczaninovii f. coreana (Nakai) M.Kim; Korean Endemic Pl. 301 (2004)
= Carpinus turczaninovii var. chungnanensis P.C.Kuo; Fl. Tsinling. 1(2): 66, pl. 56 (1974)
= Carpinus turczaninovii var. coreana (Nakai) W.Lee; Lineamenta Florae Koreae 166 (1996)
= Carpinus turczaninovii var. stipulata (H.J.P.Winkl.) H.J.P.Winkl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 50(Suppl.): 505 (1914)
species :
Carpinus viminea Lindl.; Pl. Asiat. Rar. [Wallich] 2: 4, pl. 106 (1831)
Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; NE-India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tripura, Uttarakhand, West Bengal, Kumaon); Bangladesh; Myanmar; Thailand; Laos; Vietnam
36 CHI TIB 40 BAN BHU IND NEP 41 LAO MYA THA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Carpinus davidii (Franch.) C.K.Schneid.; Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. [C.K.Schneider] 2: 893 (1912)
= Carpinus fargesii C.K.Schneid.; Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. [C.K.Schneider] 2: 896 (1912), nom. illeg.
= Carpinus fargesii Franch.; J. Bot. [Morot] 13(7): 202 (1899)
= Carpinus fargesii var. latifolia S.Y.Wang & C.L.Chang; J. Henan Agric. Coll. 1980(2): 6 (1980)
= Carpinus kenpukwan Koidz.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 9: 74 (1940)
= Carpinus laxiflora var. davidii Franch.; J. Bot. [Morot] 13(7): 203 (1899)
= Carpinus laxiflora var. fargesii (Franch.) Burkill; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26(178): 501 (1899)
= Carpinus laxiflora var. macrostachya Oliv.; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 20(4): pl. 1989 (1891)
= Carpinus macrostachya (Oliv.) Koidz.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 9: 73 (1940)
= Carpinus tehchingensis Hu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(3): 283-284 (1964)
= Carpinus viminea var. chiukiangensis Hu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9: 282 (1964)
species :
Carpinus ×schuschaensis H.J.P.Winkl.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.61, Heft 19 (Betulac.): 32 (1904)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Iran (NW-Iran)
33 ARM AZE NCS 34 IRN
Remarks: C. betulus x C. orientalis
Synonyms: hidden
= Carpinus ×geokczaica Radde-Fom.; Trudy Fiz.-Mat. Vidd. 15(1): 51-107 (1929)
= Carpinus ×grosseserrata H.J.P.Winkl.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.61, Heft 19 (Betulac.): 40 (1904)
= Carpinus ×hybrida H.J.P.Winkl.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.61, Heft 19 (Betulac.): 40 (1904)
= Carpinus ×oxycarpa H.J.P.Winkl.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.61, Heft 19 (Betulac.): 31 (1904)
= Carpinus ×oxycarpa var. betuloides H.J.P.Winkl.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.61, Heft 19 (Betulac.): 32 (1904)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.03 (March 6th, 2025)

Covering 356,112 accepted species,
8,776 hybrids, 48,085 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,454 synonyms,
in total 1,415,427* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life