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Ver. 25.01
Jan. 2nd, 2024

491.0000 Family Gentianaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. 141 (1789), nom. cons.
95 genera, ca. 1850 spp.
Species listed in database: 1859; hybrids: 23
= Chironiaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 1(104-114): 1, 36 (1823)
= Coutoubeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 168 (1820)
= Obolariaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 427 (1820)
= Potaliaceae Mart.; Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. [Martius] 2: 89, 91, 133 (1827)
= Saccifoliaceae Maguire & Pires; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 29: 242 (1978)
491.0411 Genus Canscora Lam.; Encycl. [J. Lamarck et al.] 1: 601 (1783)
Distribution: Tropical Old World from Africa and Madagascar to China, Malesia, and Australia, esp. Southeast Asia
Species listed in database: 13
= Cobamba Blanco; Fl. Filip. [Blanco] 510 (1837)
= Flemingia Roxb. ex Wall.; Cat. sub n. 4361 et 4364 (1830 ?)
= Heterocanscora C.B.Clarke; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14: 431 (1875)
= Orthostemon R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 451 (1810)
= Pootia Dennst.; Schlüssel Hortus Malab. 37 (1818)
= Pladera Sol.; ex Roxb. Hort. Bengal. 10 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Carey & Wallich ed.] 1: 416 (1820), Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 1: 400 (1832)
species :
Canscora alata (Roth) Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 4363 (1831)
Distribution: Senegal; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Togo; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Annobon Isl.; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; SW-Chad; South Sudan; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Mozambique; Madagascar; Comores (Mayotte, etc.); Seychelles; China (Sichuan); Nepal; India (Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Myanmar (Bago, Kachin, Magway, Shan); N-Thailand; Cambodia; Vietnam
22 BEN BKN GNB GUI IVO MLI NGA SEN TOG 23 ANN CAF CMN CON ZAI 24 CHA SSU 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 MLW MOZ ZAM 29 COM MDG SEY 36 CHI 40 BAN IND NEP SRL 41 CBD MYA THA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Canscora decussata (Roxb.) Schult. & Schult.f.; Mant. 3 [Schultes & Schultes f.] : 229 (1827)
= Cobamba blancoi Blanco; Fl. Filip., ed. 2 [Blanco] Suppl. 591 (1845)
= Exacum alatum Roth ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 159 (1818)
= Flemingia decussata Roxb. ex Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 4364 (1830)
= Pladera decussata Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 10 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Carey & Wallich ed.] 1: 418 (1820), Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 1: 402 (1832)
species :
Canscora andrographioides Griff. ex C.B.Clarke; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14: 431 (1875)
Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, S-Yunnan, SW-Yunnan); India (Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland); Bangladesh; N-Myanmar (Kachin, Mon, Sagaing, Taninthayi); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Gunung Jerai, Kedah, Gunung Tahun, Padang)
36 CHI 40 BAN IND 41 CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Canscora melastomacea Hand.-Mazz.; Sinensia 2: 131 (1932)
= Canscora trinervia Ridl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 38: 316 (1908)
species :
Canscora bidoupensis Hul; Edinburgh J. Bot. 67(1): 158 (2010)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
species :
Canscora ciathula Aver.; Pl. Diversity Fl. Veg. Hin Nam No 104 (2019)
Distribution: Laos
41 LAO
species :
Canscora concanensis C.B.Clark; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 4: 104 (1883)
Distribution: S-Oman (Dhofar); India (Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra)
35 OMA 40 IND
species :
Canscora diffusa (Vahl) R.Br. ex Roem. & Schult.; 301 (1818)
Distribution: Senegal; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; SW-Chad; Sudan; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Madagascar; China (Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Odisha, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Andaman Isl. (North Andaman Isl.); Myanmar (Bago, Yangon); Thailand; Laos; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia; Sulawesi; Philippines (Luzon); Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Timor, Bali, etc.); Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland); Colombia [I]
22 BEN BKN GHA GNB GUI IVO LBR MLI NGA SEN SIE TOG 23 CAF CMN CON ZAI 24 CHA ETH SSU SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 29 MDG 36 CHI 40 BAN BHU IND NEP SRL 41 AND LAO MYA THA VIE 42 JAW LSI MLY PHI SUL 50 AUS 82 clm
Synonyms: hidden
= Canscora decurrens Dalzell; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 2: 136 (1850)
= Canscora diffusa var. tenella Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 4: 104 (1883)
= Canscora divaricata Miq. ex C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 4: 103 (1883), pro syn.
= Canscora foliosa D.Don; G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 199 (1837)
= Canscora khandalensis Santapau; Kew Bull. 485 (1948 publ. 1949)
= Canscora kirkii N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(1): 558 (1903)
= Canscora lancifolia Miq. ex C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 4: 103 (1883)
= Canscora lauri C.B.Clarke; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14: 430 (1875)
= Canscora lawii Wight; Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. [Wight] 4: t. 1327 (1848)
= Canscora pusilla Schult. & Schult.f.; Mant. 3 [Schultes & Schultes f.] : 230 (1827), nom. superfl.
= Canscora rubiflora X.X.Chen; Guihaia 6(3): 177 (1986)
= Canscora sanjappae Diwakar & R.Kr.Singh; Indian J. Forest. 32(2): 337 (2009)
= Canscora tenella Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 4362 (1830)
= Cobamba dichotoma Blanco; Fl. Filip. [Blanco] 510 (1837)
= Exacum diffusum (Vahl) Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 1: 637 (1798)
= Exacum erectum (R.Br.) Roth; Nov. Pl. Sp. 83 (1821)
= Exacum tenellum Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 4362 (1831), nom. inval.
= Gentiana diffusa Vahl; Symb. Bot. [Vahl] 3: 47 (1794)
= Orthostemon erectus R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 451 (1810)
= Orthostemon huegelii Griseb.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 9: 63 (1845)
= Orthostemon kirkii N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(1): 558 (1903)
= Pladera pusilla Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 10 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Carey & Wallich ed.] 1: 419 (1820), Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 1: 403 (1832)
= Pladera virgata Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 10 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Carey & Wallich ed.] 1: 417 (1820), Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 1: 401 (1832)
species :
Canscora heteroclita (L.) Gilg; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 2: 76 (1895)
Distribution: S-India (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Odisha, Tamil Nadu); Sri Lanka
40 IND SRL
Synonyms: hidden
= Canscora sessiliflora Schult. & Schult.f.; Mant. 3 [Schultes & Schultes f.] : 230 (1827), nom. superfl.
= Centaurium malabaricum Borkh.; Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 1(1): 29 (1796)
= Exacum heteroclitum (L.) Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 1: 639 (1798)
= Gentiana heteroclita L.; Mant. Pl. Altera 560 (1771)
= Hippion heteroclita (L.) F.W.Schmidt; Roem. Arch. 1: I. 11 (1796)
= Pladera sessiliflora Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 83 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Carey & Wallich ed.] 1: 416 (1820), Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 1: 400 (1832)
species :
Canscora pauciflora Dalzell; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 2: 136 (1850)
Distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh, Daman & Diu, Goa, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Exacum macrantherum Miq.; Nieuwe Verh. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. Amsterdam, Ser. 3, 5: 10 (1852)
species :
Canscora perfoliata Lam.; Encycl. [J. Lamarck et al.] 1: 601 (1783)
Distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Canscora grandiflora Wight; Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. [Wight] 4: t. 1326 (1848)
= Canscora macrocalyx Miq.; Fl. Ind. Bat. 2: 558 (1856) ex C. B. Clarke, Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 4: 104 (1883)
= Canscora ventricosa J.F.Gmel.; Syst. Nat., ed. 13[bis] 262 (1791), nom. illeg.
= Exacum alatum B.Heyne ex Roth; Nov. Pl. Sp. 85 (1821), nom. illeg.
= Pladera alata Buch.-Ham. ex Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 4364 B (1830)
= Pladera perfoliata (Lam.) Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 83 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Carey & Wallich ed.] 1: 418 (1820), Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 1: 402 (1832)
= Pootia triflora Dennst.; Schlüssel Hortus Malab. 37 (1818)
species :
Canscora roxburghii Arn. ex Miq.; Anal. Bot. Ind. 3: 11 (1852)
Distribution: S-India (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu); Sri Lanka
40 IND SRL
Synonyms: hidden
= Exacum connatum Moon; Cat. Pl. Ceylon. 11 (1824)
= Canscora wallichii C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 4: 105 (1885)
= Canscora perfoliata Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 4365 (1830) (non Lam.)
species :
Canscora schultesii Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 4368 (1830)
Distribution: Myanmar (Bago, Mandalay)
41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Heterocanscora schultesii C.B.Clarke; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14: 431 (1875)
= Pladera pulchella Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 4368 (1831), nom. inval.
species :
Canscora shrirangiana Kambale, Kolte & A.Deshp.; Kew Bull. 73(3)-34: 1 (2018)
Distribution: India (Goa)
40 IND
species :
Canscora tetraptera (Naik & Pokle) Arun Pr. & Sardesai; Kew Bull. 76: 852 (2021)
Distribution: India (Maharashtra)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Canscora diffusa var. tetraptera Naik & Pokle; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 7(3): 673 (1985 publ. 1986)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.01 (January 2nd, 2025)

Covering 355,836 accepted species,
8,748 hybrids, 47,863 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,001,920 synonyms,
in total 1,418,260* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life