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Ver. 25.03
Mar. 6th, 2025

006.0000 Family Ophioglossaceae Martynov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 438 (1820) (Ophioglosseae)
Phylogeny: Zhang et al. 2020, Kuo et al. 2024
Species listed in database: 129; hybrids: 9
= Helminthostachyaceae Ching; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 10: 235 (1941)
= Ophioglosseae R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 163 (1810)
= Botrychiaceae Horan.; Char. Ess. Fam. 15 (1847)
006.1003 Genus Botrychium Sw.; J. Bot. [Schrader] 1800(2): 8 (1802)
Distribution: Holarctic, 2 spp. to Mexico, 1 sp. temperate South America. Several cryptic species await description, especially in the lunaria clade in Europe and Asia.
Species listed in database: 38; hybrids: 1
= Phyllotrichium Prantl; Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 1: 349 (1883)
species :
Botrychium acuminatum W.H.Wagner; Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 17: 321 (1990)
Name: Tailed grapefern
Distribution: Canada (S-Ontario); USA (N-Michigan, Minnesota)
72 CDN 75 USA
Conservation Status: IUCN E
species :
Botrychium alaskense W.H.Wagner & J.R.Grant; Amer. Fern J. 92(2): 164 (2002)
Distribution: Alaska
70 ASK
Remarks: lanceolatum clade
variant :
var. pavlovii Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 36: 14 (2004)
Distribution: Mongolia
37 MON
species :
Botrychium angustisegmentum (Pease & A.H.Moore) Fernald; Rhodora 17(196): 87 (1915)
Name: Narrow Triangle Moonwort
Distribution: Canada (New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Québec, Saskatchewan); St. Pierre et Miquelon; USA (Connecticut, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, North Carolina, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Virginia, Vermont, Wisconsin, West Virginia)
71 CDN 72 CDN SPM 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 78 USA
Remarks: lanceolatum clade
Synonyms: hidden
= Botrychium lanceolatum subsp. angustisegmentum (Pease & A.H.Moore) R.T.Clausen; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 64: 280 (1937)
= Botrychium lanceolatum var. angustisegmentum Pease & A.H.Moore; Rhodora 8: 229 (1906)
= Botrychium palmatum subsp. angustisegmentum (Pease & A.H.Moore) Satou; Hikobia 12(3): 268 (1997)
species :
Botrychium ascendens W.H.Wagner; Amer. Fern J. 76: 36 (1986)
Name: Trianglelobe moonwort
Distribution: Alaska; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Newfoundland, Ontario, Québec, Saskatchewan, Yukon); USA (California, Idaho, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Vermont, Washington State, Wyoming)
70 ASK CDN 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 75 USA 76 USA
Remarks: simplex-campestre clade
species :
Botrychium boreale Milde; Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 15(51): 880 (1857)
Name: Nordischer Rautenfarn
Distribution: Iceland; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Estonia; European Russia (N-European Russia, C-European Russia); Siberia (Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, W-Siberia); Russian Far East (Amur, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Kuril Isl., Magadan, Sakhalin); China (Nei Mongol); North Korea (Baekdu-san); Japan (Hokkaido); Greenland
10 FIN ICE NOR SWE 14 EST RUS 30 SIB 31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP NKO 70 GNL
Remarks: lanceolatum clade. Possibly restricted to northern Europe. Most reports for North America refer to other species (Dauphin et al. 2014)
Synonyms: hidden
= Botrychium brevifolium Ångstr.; Bot. Not. 1866: 40 (1866)
= Botrychium crassinervium Rupr.; Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 26: 763 (1858)
= Botrychium lunaria var. boreale (Milde) Fr.; Herb. Normale Pl. Rar. Crit. Suec. 16: no. 85 (1866)
species :
Botrychium campestre W.H.Wagner & Farrar; Amer. Fern J. 76: 39 (1986)
Name: Iowa moonwort (EN)
Distribution: Canada (Alberta, New Brunswick, Manitoba, Ontario, Québec, Saskatchewan); USA (Colorado, Iowa, Idaho, Illinois, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota, Nebraska, New York, Oregon, South Dakota, Washington State, Wisconsin, Wyoming)
71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA
Remarks: simplex-campestre clade
Conservation Status: IUCN R
species :
Botrychium crenulatum W.H.Wagner; Amer. Fern J. 71: 21 (1981)
Name: Scalloped moonwort (EN)
Distribution: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Newfoundland, Ontario); USA (Arizona, California, Idaho, Minnesota, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington State, Wyoming)
71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 75 USA 76 USA
species :
Botrychium dusenii (Christ) Alston; Lilloa 30: 107 (1960)
Distribution: Argentina (Chubut, Mendoza, Neuquen, Rio Negro, Santa Cruz, Tierra del Fuego); Chile (Metropolitana de Santiago, Aisén, Magallanes); Falkland Isl.
85 ARG CLE 91 FAL
Remarks: lunaria clade
Synonyms: hidden
= Botrychium lunaria var. antarctica Speg.; Bol. Acad. Nac. Ci. 27: 338 (1924)
= Botrychium lunaria var. dusenii Christ; Ark. Bot. 6(3): 5, f. 4-8 (1906)
= Botrychium matricariifolium subsp. patagonicum (Christ) R.T.Clausen; Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 19(2): 89 (1938)
= Botrychium ramosum var. patagonicum Christ; Ark. Bot. 6(3): 4, f. 2-3 (1906)
species :
Botrychium echo W.H.Wagner; Amer. Fern J. 73: 57 (1983)
Name: Reflected grapefern
Distribution: USA (N-Arizona, SE-Utah, W-Colorado, New Mexico)
73 USA 76 USA 77 USA
Remarks: lanceolatum clade
Conservation Status: IUCN V
species :
Botrychium farrarii Legler & S.J.Popovich; Amer. Fern J. 114(1): 32-48 (2024)
Distribution: USA (Wyoming: Bighorn Mts.)
73 USA
Remarks: a diploid species being a parent of B. furculatum, B. minganense and B. paradoxum.
Conservation Status: known from only few very small populations
species :
Botrychium furculatum S.J.Popovich & Farrar; Amer. Fern J. 110: 177 (2020)
Distribution: Canada (Alberta, Saskatchewan); USA (Colorado, Montana, New Mexico, South Dakota, Wyoming)
71 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 77 USA
species :
Botrychium gallicomontanum Farrar & Johnson-Groh; Amer. Fern J. 81: 1 (1991)
Name: Frenchman´s Bluff Moonwort
Distribution: USA (NW-Minnesota, Montana, South Dakota)
73 USA 74 USA 75 USA
Remarks: simplex-campestre clade
Conservation Status: IUCN E (only 1 locality known)
species :
Botrychium hesperium (Maxon & R.T.Clausen) W.H.Wagner & Lellinger; Amer. Fern J. 71: 92 (1981)
Name: Western Moonwort
Distribution: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Ontario, Saskatchewan); USA (Arizona, Colorado, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, Oregon, Utah, Washington State, Wyoming)
71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 75 USA 76 USA
Remarks: lanceolatum clade
Conservation Status: IUCN R
Synonyms: hidden
= Botrychium lunaria subsp. occidentale Á.Löve, D.Löve & B.M.Kapoor; Arctic Alpine Res. 3(2): 141 (1971)
= Botrychium matricariifolium subsp. hesperium Maxon & R.T.Clausen; Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 19(2): 88 (1938)
= Botrychium matricariifolium var. hesperium (Maxon & R.T.Clausen) M.Broun; Index No. Amer. Ferns: 39 (1938)
species :
Botrychium lanceolatum (S.G.Gmel.) Ångstr.; Bot. Not. 14: 68 (1854)
Name: Triangle Moonwort
Distribution: Iceland; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Switzerland; Austria; +Poland; +France; Italy; Estonia; Belarus; European Russia (N-European Russia, C-European Russia); Siberia (Buryatia, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, W-Siberia); Russian Far East (Amur, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Kuril Isl., Magadan, Primorye, Sakhalin); China (Jilin, Nei Mongol); N-Mongolia; Japan; Alaska; Greenland; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Labrador, Newfoundland, Québec, Saskatchewan, Yukon); USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington State, Wyoming)
10 FIN ICE NOR SWE 11 AUT POL SWI 12 FRA 13 ITA 14 BLR EST RUS 30 SIB 31 RFE 36 CHI 37 MON 38 JAP 70 ASK CDN GNL 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 76 USA 77 USA
Remarks: lanceolatum clade
Synonyms: hidden
= Botrychium lunaria var. lanceolatum (S.G.Gmel.) Rupr.; Dist. Crypt. Vasc. Ross. 33 (1845)
= Botrychium manshuricum Ching; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 2: 329 (1959)
= Botrychium matricariifolium Fr.; Summa Veg. Scand. [Fries] 1: 262 (1845)
= Botrychium matricariifolium var. lanceolatum (S.G.Gmel.) Watt; Canad. Naturalist & Quart. J. Sci., Ser. 2, 3: 160 (1867)
= Botrychium palmatum C.Presl; Suppl. Tent. Pterid. 43 (1846)
= Botrychium ramosum var. manshuricum (Ching) Kitag.; Neolin. Fl. Manshur. 25 (1979)
= Botrychium ramosum Wang Wei et al.; (1958) not (Roth) Asch. (1864)
= Botrychium rutaceum var. lanceolatum (S.G.Gmel.) T.Moore; Index Fil. [T. Moore] 211 (1861)
= Botrychium rutaceum var. tripartitum Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 4(14): 505 (1853)
= Osmunda lanceolata S.G.Gmel.; Novi Comment. Acad. Sci. Imp. Petrop. 12: 516 (1768)
species :
Botrychium lineare W.H.Wagner; Amer. Fern J. 84(1): 5 (1994)
Name: Narrowleaf grapefern
Distribution: Alaska; Canada (Alberta, New Brunswick, Québec); USA (California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington State)
70 ASK 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 76 USA
Remarks: simplex-campestre clade
Synonyms: hidden
= Botrychium campestre var. lineare (W.H.Wagner) Farrar; Brittonia 69(3): 273 (2017)
species :
Botrychium lunaria (L.) Sw.; J. Bot. [Schrader] 1800(2): 110 (1802)
Name: Mond-Rautenfarn, Echte Mondraute (DE)
Distribution: Iceland; Faeroe Isl.; England (England, Wales, Scotland, Shetland Isl., Orkney Isl., Outer Hebrides, Isle of Man, Isles of Scilly); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Spain; Andorra; France; Channel Isl.; Corsica; Italy; Sicily; Malta; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (mountains in mainland); Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; European Russia (N-European Russia, C-European Russia, W-European Russia, E-European Russia); Ukraine; Moldova; Crimea; Morocco; Azores (Pico); Madeira (Madeira Isl.); Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Amur, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Kuril Isl., Magadan, Primorye, Sakhalin); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus] (Abkhazia, Racha-Lechkhumi, Shiga Kartli, Kartli, Mtiuleti, Tush-Pshav-Khevsureti); Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (Anatolia); Iran; Afghanistan; China (Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hunan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan); Tibet; Mongolia; Japan; Taiwan; Pakistan (Kurram, Chitral, Swat, Hazara, Gilgit); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, West Bengal, Jammu & Kashmir, Ladakh); Australia (Australian Capital Territory, Victoria, Tasmania, SE-New South Wales); New Zealand (South Isl.); Greenland
10 DEN FIN FOR GRB ICE IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO CIS COR FRA SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MLT MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SRB TUE 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT MLD RUS UKR 20 MOR 21 AZO MDR 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG IRN TUR 36 CHI TIB 37 MON 38 JAP TAI 40 BHU IND NEP PAK 50 AUS 51 NZL 70 GNL
Remarks: lunaria clade. North American populations have been separated as B. neolunaria and B. onondagense. The distribution might be overexaggerated, and many data will belong to recently separated species.
Synonyms: hidden
= Blechnum racemosum Bubani; Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 4: 433 (1901)
= Botrychium lunaria subf. alternans Thyssen; Sitzungsber. Naturhist. Vereins Preuss. Rheinl. Westfalens 1927: D6 (1928)
= Botrychium lunaria subf. brevipes F.Wirtg.; Verh. Naturhist. Vereins Preuss. Rheinl. Westfalens 81: 21 (1925)
= Botrychium lunaria subf. caudatum F.Wirtg. ex Thyssen; Sitzungsber. Naturhist. Vereins Preuss. Rheinl. Westfalens 1927: D9 (1928)
= Botrychium lunaria subf. imbricatum F.Wirtg.; Verh. Naturhist. Vereins Preuss. Rheinl. Westfalens 81: 23 (1925)
= Botrychium lunaria subf. longifolium F.Wirtg.; Verh. Naturhist. Vereins Preuss. Rheinl. Westfalens 81: 23 (1925)
= Botrychium lunaria subf. longipes F.Wirtg.; Verh. Naturhist. Vereins Preuss. Rheinl. Westfalens 81: 22 (1925)
= Botrychium lunaria subf. petiolatum F.Wirtg.; Verh. Naturhist. Vereins Preuss. Rheinl. Westfalens 81: 21 (1925)
= Botrychium lunaria subf. platyphyllum Thyssen; Sitzungsber. Naturhist. Vereins Preuss. Rheinl. Westfalens 1927: D7 (1928)
= Botrychium lunaria subf. remotum F.Wirtg.; Verh. Naturhist. Vereins Preuss. Rheinl. Westfalens 81: 24 (1925)
= Botrychium lunaria unranked incisum (Milde) Seeland; Mitt. Roemer-Mus. Hildesheim 44: 102 (1938)
= Botrychium lunaria unranked rutifolium Roep.; Fl. Mecklenburg [Roep.] 111 (1843)
= Botrychium lunaria unranked subincisum (Roep.) Seeland; Mitt. Roemer-Mus. Hildesheim 44: 102 (1938)
= Botrychium lunaria unranked subincisum Roep.; Fl. Mecklenburg [Roep.] 111 (1843)
= Botrychium lunaria unranked sylvaticum Roep.; Fl. Mecklenburg [Roep.] 111 (1843)
= Botrychium lunaria f. alatum Thyssen; 1928
= Botrychium lunaria f. alpinum Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 3: (1852)
= Botrychium lunaria f. gracile (Schur) Asch. & Graebn.
= Botrychium lunaria f. incisum (Milde) Vollm.; Fl. Bayern p. ? (1914)
= Botrychium lunaria f. subbipinnatum F.Wirtg.; Verh. Naturhist. Vereins Preuss. Rheinl. Westfalens 81: 21 (1925)
= Botrychium lunaria f. subincisum (Roep.) Milde; (1859)
= Botrychium lunaria f. tripartitum (T.Moore) Weath.; Amer. Fern J. 25: 48 (1935)
= Botrychium lunaria subsp. alpinum (Krylov) Shmakov; Fl. Rastitel´nost´ Altaya 1995: 36 (1995)
= Botrychium lunaria var. polyphyllum Wallr.; Fl. Crypt. Germ. 1: 30 (1831)
= Botrychium lunaria var. przevalskii Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 36: 17 (2004)
= Botrychium lunaria var. rhombeum Ångstr.; Bot. Not. 1854: 70 (1854)
= Botrychium lunaria var. rutaceum (Retz.) F.Weber & D.Mohr; (1807)
= Botrychium lunaria var. sinuatum Wallr.; Fl. Crypt. Germ. 1: 30 (1831)
= Botrychium lunaria var. tripartitum T.Moore; Handb. Brit. Ferns 324 (1859)
= Botrychium lunatum (Salisb.) Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 19 (1821)
= Botrypus lunaria (L.) Rich.; Cat. Pl. Jard. Méd. Paris: 120 (1801)
= Ophioglossum pennatum Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 1: 9 (1779)
= Osmunda lunaria L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 1106 (1753)
= Osmunda lunaria var. rutacea Retz.; Fl. Scand. Prodr. 203 (1779)
= Osmunda lunata Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 401 (1796), sphalm.
variant :
var. melzeri Stensvold & Farrar; Brittonia 69(2): 165 (2016)
Distribution: Iceland; Greenland
10 ICE 70 GNL
species :
Botrychium matricariifolium (Döll) A.Braun ex Koch; Syn. Deut. Schweiz. Fl. ed. 2, 7: 1009 (1847)
Name: Ästige Mondraute, Ästiger Rautenfarn (DE), Daisy-leaf Grape Fern (EN)
Distribution: Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, +Hamburg, +Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, +Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Spain; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Montenegro; Albania; Romania; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; European Russia (N-European Russia, C-European Russia); Ukraine; Canada (Labrador, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Québec); St. Pierre et Miquelon; USA (Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, North Carolina, North Dakota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Tennessee, Virginia, Vermont, Wisconsin, West Virginia)
10 DEN FIN NOR SWE 11 AUT CZE GER HUN NET POL SLO SWI 12 FRA SPA 13 ALB CRO ITA MNT ROM SLV 14 BLR EST LAT LIT RUS UKR 71 CDN 72 CDN SPM 74 USA 75 USA 78 USA
Remarks: lanceolatum clade
Synonyms: hidden
= Botrychium lanceolatum Rupr.; Dist. Crypt. Vasc. Ross. 33 (1845)
= Botrychium lunaria subsp. matricariifolium (A.Braun ex Döll) Hartm.; (1846), nom. illeg.
= Botrychium lunaria var. matricariifolium A.Braun ex Döll; Rhein. Fl. 24 (1843), nom. illeg.
= Botrychium lunaria var. rutaceum (Willd.) Hook.f.; (1870), nom. illeg.
= Botrychium lunaria var. rutaceum Strempel; Syn. Fil. Berol. 21 (1822)
= Botrychium matricariifolium f. gracile Weath.; Amer. Fern J. 25: 49 (1935)
= Botrychium matricariifolium f. rhombeum (Ångstr.) M.Broun; Index No. Amer. Ferns: 39 (1938)
= Botrychium matricariifolium var. rhombeum Farw.; Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 18: 85 (1916)
= Botrychium neglectum Alph.Wood; Class-book Bot., ed. 2a: 816 (1847)
= Botrychium neglectum f. gracile House; Bull. New York State Mus. Nat. Hist. 254: 13 (1924)
= Botrychium ramosum (Roth) Asch.; Fl. Brandenburg 1: 906 (1864) (p. p. excl. typo, non Sailer (1844))
= Botrychium ramosum var. neglectum (Wood) Farw.; Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 6: 200 (1904)
= Botrychium ramosum var. palmatum (Milde) Asch.; Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 5: 907 (1864)
= Botrychium rutaceum Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 5(1): 62 (1810) (non Sw. (1801))
= Botrychium tenellum Ångstr.; Bot. Not. 1854: 69 (1854)
= Osmunda lunaria var. matricariifolia Retz.; Fl. Scand. Prodr. 203 (1779)
= Osmunda lunaria var. ramosa (Roth) Roth; Tent. Fl. Germ. 3(1): 32 (1799)
= Osmunda ramosa Roth; Tent. Fl. Germ. 1: 444 (1788)
= Osmunda rutacea (Willd.) Poir.; Encycl. [J. Lamarck et al.] Suppl. 4: 232 (1816)
species :
Botrychium michiganense W.H.Wagner ex A.V.Gilman, Farrar & Zika; J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 9(2): 300, figs. 1-6 (2015)
Name: Michigan Moonwort
Distribution: Canada (Saskatchewan, Alberta, Ontario); USA (Michigan, Minnesota, South Dakota, NW-Montana, E-Wyoming, NE-Washington)
71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA
Remarks: lanceolatum clade
species :
Botrychium minganense Vict.; Proc. & Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada Ser. 3, 21: 331 (1927)
Name: Mingan Moonwort
Distribution: Iceland; Alaska; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Labrador, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Northern Territories, Ontario, Québec, Saskatchewan); USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota, New Hampshire, Nevada, New York, Oregon, Utah, Vermont, Washington State, Wisconsin, Wyoming); Mexico (Nuevo Leon)
10 ICE 70 ASK CDN 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 79 MEX
Remarks: simplex-campestre clade
Synonyms: hidden
= Botrychium lunaria f. minganense (Vict.) Clute; Our Ferns 76 (1901)
= Botrychium lunaria subsp. minganense (Vict.) Calder & Roy L.Taylor; Canad. J. Bot. 43(11): 1388 (1965)
= Botrychium lunaria var. minganense (Vict.) Dole; Fl. Vermont, ed. 3: 1 (1937)
species :
Botrychium montanum W.H.Wagner; Amer. Fern J. 71: 29 (1981)
Name: Mountain moonwort
Distribution: Canada (British Columbia); USA (California, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington State)
71 CDN 73 USA 76 USA
Remarks: simplex-campestre clade
Conservation Status: IUCN R
species :
Botrychium mormo W.H.Wagner; Amer. Fern J. 71: 26 (1981)
Name: Little goblin moonwort
Distribution: Canada (Québec, Ontario); USA (Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin)
72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA
Remarks: simplex-campestre clade
Conservation Status: IUCN R
species :
Botrychium neolunaria Stensvold & Farrar; Brittonia 69: 168 (2016)
Distribution: Alaska; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia); USA (Colorado, Montana, New Mexico)
70 ASK 71 CDN 73 USA 77 USA
Remarks: lunaria clade
species :
Botrychium nordicum Stensvold & Farrar; Brittonia 69(2): 173 (2016)
Distribution: Iceland; England (C-Scotland); Norway; Greenland
10 GRB ICE NOR 70 GNL
Remarks: lunaria clade
species :
Botrychium onondagense Underw.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 30: 47 (1903)
Distribution: Norway; Switzerland; Austria; France; Italy; Romania; European Russia; Russian Far East (Kamchatka); Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Taiwan; Alaska; Greenland; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Labrador, Manitoba, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Northern Territories, Nunavut, Ontario, Québec, Saskatchewan, Yukon); St. Pierre et Miquelon; USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota, New Hampshire, New Mexico, Nevada, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Utah, Vermont, Washington State, Wisconsin, Wyoming)
10 NOR 11 AUT SWI 12 FRA 13 ITA ROM 14 RUS 31 RFE 32 KAZ KGZ TZK 38 TAI 70 ASK CDN GNL 71 CDN 72 CDN SPM 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA
Remarks: lunaria clade. Probably more widespread but cryptic in regards to B. neolunaria. Separation see Gilman et al. 2024
Synonyms: hidden
= Botrychium lunaria f. onondagense (Underw.) Butters & Abbe; Rhodora 55(651): 94 (1953)
= Botrychium lunaria var. onondagense (Underw.) House; New York State Mus. Bull. 243-244: 47 (1923)
species :
Botrychium pallidum W.H.Wagner; Amer. Fern J. 80: 74 (1990)
Name: Pale botrychium
Distribution: Canada (Alberta, Manitoba, Ontario, Québec, Saskatchewan); USA (Colorado, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana)
71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 75 USA
Remarks: simplex-campestre clade
Conservation Status: IUCN V
species :
Botrychium paradoxum W.H.Wagner; Amer. Fern J. 71: 24 (1981)
Name: Peculiar moonwort
Distribution: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Saskatchewan); USA (Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Utah, Washington State)
71 CDN 73 USA 76 USA
Remarks: simplex-campestre clade
Conservation Status: IUCN V
species :
Botrychium pedunculosum W.H.Wagner; Amer. Fern J. 76: 43 (1986)
Name: Stalked Moonwort
Distribution: Alaska; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Québec, Saskatchewan); USA (Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington State)
70 ASK 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA
Remarks: lanceolatum clade
species :
Botrychium pinnatum H.St.John; Amer. Fern J. 19: 11 (1929)
Name: Northern Moonwort (EN)
Distribution: Alaska; Aleutes; Greenland; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Northern Territories, Saskatchewan, Yukon); USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington State, Wyoming)
70 ASK CDN GNL 71 CDN 73 USA 76 USA
Remarks: lanceolatum clade
Synonyms: hidden
= Botrychium boreale subsp. obtusilobum (Rupr.) R.T.Clausen; Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 19(2): 81 (1938)
= Botrychium boreale var. obtusilobum (Rupr.) M.Broun; Index No. Amer. Ferns: 33 (1938)
= Botrychium crassinervium var. obtusilobum Rupr.; Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Reiches 11: 42 (1859)
species :
Botrychium pseudopinnatum W.H.Wagner; Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 17: 322 (1990)
Name: False daisyleaf moonwort
Distribution: Canada (Ontario); USA (Minnesota, Wisconsin)
72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA
Remarks: lanceolatum clade
Conservation Status: IUCN E
species :
Botrychium pumicola Coville ex Underw.; Native Ferns, ed. 6: 69 (1900)
Name: Crater Lake grapefern
Distribution: USA (SW-Oregon, California)
73 USA 76 USA
Remarks: simplex-campestre clade
Conservation Status: IUCN V
species :
Botrychium rubellum Stensvold & Farrar; Amer. Fern J. 114(1): 49-56 (2024)
Distribution: Alaska; Greenland; Canada (Yukon, Alberta); USA (Colorado, New Mexico, Oregon, Washington State)
70 ASK CDN GNL 71 CDN 73 USA 77 USA
Remarks: a diploid species separated from B. lanceolatum and B. angustisegmentum
species :
Botrychium simplex E.Hitchc.; Amer. J. Sci. Arts 6: 103 (1823)
subspecies :
subsp. simplex
Name: Einfache Mondraute, Least Moonwort
Distribution: Iceland; Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Belgium; Germany (Brandenburg, +Baden-Württemberg, +Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, +Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; France; Corsica; Italy; +Slovenia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Greece (NW-Greece); +Estonia; +Latvia; Belarus; ?Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Sikkim); Alaska; Greenland; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Northern Territories, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Québec, Saskatchewan); USA (California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Iowa, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Montana, North Carolina, North Dakota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Nevada, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Utah, Virginia, Vermont, Washington State, Wisconsin, West Virginia, Wyoming)
10 DEN FIN ICE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER POL SWI 12 COR FRA 13 BIH GRC ITA SLV 14 BLR EST LAT 40 BHU IND NEP 70 ASK CDN GNL 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 78 USA
Remarks: simplex-campestre clade
Conservation Status: IUCN EN for India (Fraser-Jenkins 2012). Also highly threatened in most areas in Europe.
Synonyms: hidden
= Botrychium kannenbergii f. compositum Lasch; Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 14: 608 (1856)
= Botrychium lunaria var. cordatum Fr.; Summa Veg. Scand. [Fries] 1: 251 (1845)
= Botrychium lunaria var. simplex (E.Hitchc.) Watt; Canad. Naturalist & Quart. J. Sci., Ser. 3: 160 (1867)
= Botrychium simplex f. laxifolium (R.T.Clausen) Fernald; Rhodora 51(no. 605): 103 (1949)
= Botrychium simplex f. speciosissimum Milde; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 19: 140 (1869)
= Botrychium simplex f. vulgaris Milde; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 19: 140 (1869), nom. inval.
= Botrychium simplex var. angustum Milde; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 19: 140 (1869)
= Botrychium simplex var. compositum (Lasch) Milde; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 19: 140 (1869)
= Botrychium simplex var. cordatum (Fr.) Wherry; Amer. Fern J. 27: 58 (1937)
= Botrychium simplex var. laxifolium R.T.Clausen; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 64(5): 277-278 (1937)
= Botrychium virginianum var. simplex (E.Hitchc.) A.Gray; Manual (Gray), ed. 2: 602 (1856)
subspecies :
subsp. kannenbergii (Klinsm.) Fraser-Jenk.; Taxon. Revis. Indian Subcontinental Pteridophytes 21 (2008)
Distribution: Lithuania; N-European Russia; C-European RUssia
14 LIT RUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Botrychium kannenbergii f. simplex Lasch; Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 14: 607 (1856)
= Botrychium kannenbergii f. simplicissimum Lasch; Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 14: 607 (1856)
= Botrychium kannenbergii f. speciosissimum Lasch; Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 14: 607 (1856)
= Botrychium kannenbergii f. subcompositum Lasch; Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 14: 607 (1856)
= Botrychium kannenbergii Klinsm.; Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 379, t. 6 (1852)
= Botrychium reuteri Payot; Cat. Foug. Montblanc 15 (1860)
= Botrychium simplex var. simplicissimum (Lasch) Milde; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 19: 139 (1869)
= Botrychium simplex var. subcompositum (Lasch) Milde; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 19: 139 (1869)
species :
Botrychium socorrense W.H.Wagner; Mem. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. 16 [Vasc. Fl. Isla Socorro]: 20 (1989)
Distribution: Revillagigedos Isl. (Isla Socorro)
79 RGI
species :
Botrychium spathulatum W.H.Wagner; Amer. Fern J. 80: 77 (1990)
Name: Spatulate Moonwort (EN)
Distribution: Alaska; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Northern Territories, Ontario, Québec, Yukon); USA (Michigan, Montana, Wisconsin)
70 ASK CDN 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA
Remarks: simplex-campestre clade
species :
Botrychium tenebrosum A.A.Eaton; Fern Bull. 7: 8 (1899)
Distribution: Switzerland; Canada; USA
11 SWI
Synonyms: hidden
= Botrychium simplex var. tenebrosum (A.A.Eaton) R.T.Clausen; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 64(5): 275 (1937)
= Botrychium matricariifolium var. tenebrosum (A.A.Eaton) Clute; Our Ferns 62, 315 (1901)
species :
Botrychium tolucaense W.H.Wagner & Mickel; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 88 [Pterid. Mexico]: 164 (2004)
Distribution: Mexico (Durango, Mexico State)
79 MEX
species :
Botrychium tunux Stensvold & Farrar; Amer. Fern J. 92(2): 152 (2002)
Distribution: Norway; Switzerland; Austria; Italy; Montenegro; Kyrgyzstan; Alaska; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Ontario, Yukon); USA (California, Montana, Idaho, Colorado, New Mexico, Nevada)
10 NOR 11 AUT SWI 13 ITA MNT 32 KGZ 70 ASK CDN 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 76 USA 77 USA
Remarks: lunaria clade. Probably more widespread, distribution incompletely known.
species :
Botrychium yaaxudakeit Stensvold & Farrar; Amer. Fern J. 92(2): 157 (2002)
Distribution: Alaska; Canada (British Columbia, Ontario, Yukon); USA (California, Montana, Oregon)
70 ASK CDN 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 76 USA
Remarks: lunaria clade
species :
Botrychium ×watertonense W.H.Wagner; Canad. J. Bot. 62(4): 630 (1984)
Distribution: Canada (W-Alberta)
71 CDN
Remarks: Botrychium hesperium x Botrychium paradoxum
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.03 (March 6th, 2025)

Covering 356,112 accepted species,
8,776 hybrids, 48,085 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,454 synonyms,
in total 1,415,427* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life