489.0000
Family
Rubiaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. 196 (1789), nom. cons.
589 genera, ca. 14.200 spp. mostly tropics, comparably few temperate. Phylogeny: Razafimandimbison & Rydin (2024)
Species listed in database: 14249; hybrids: 48
= Aparinaceae Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 2: 3, 38 (1813-1829)
= Asperulaceae Cham. ex Spenn.; Handb. Angew. Bot. 2: 493 (1835)
= Catesbaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 111 (1820)
= Cephalanthaceae Raf.; Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 6: 86 (1820)
= Cinchonaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 234 (1802)
= Coffeaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 233 (1802)
= Coutareaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 168 (1820)
= Dialypetalanthaceae Rizzini & Occhioni; Lilloa 17: 253 (1948), nom. cons.
= Galiaceae Lindl.; Nat. Syst. Bot. ed. 2: 249 (1836)
= Gardeniaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 29, 32 (1829)
= Guettardaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 235 (1802)
= Hameliaceae Mart.; Consp. Regn. Veg. [Martius] 31 (1835)
= Hedyotidaceae Dumort.; Comment. Bot. 57 (1822)
= Henriqueziaceae Bremek.; Acta Bot. Néerl. 6 (Meded. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijks Univ. Utrecht 141): 371 (1957)
= Houstoniaceae Raf.; Good Book 21 (1840)
= Hydrophylacaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 318 (1820)
= Lippayaceae Meisn.; Pl. Vasc. Gen. [Meisner], Tab. Diagn. 156, Comm. 112 (1838)
= Lygodisodeaceae Bartl.; Ord. Nat. Pl. 123, 207 (1830)
= Naucleaceae Wernham; New Phytol. 11: 225 (1912)
= Nonateliaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 420 (1820)
= Operculariaceae Juss. ex Perleb; Vers. Arzneikr. Pfl. 207 (1818)
= Pagamaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 447 (1820)
= Psychotriaceae F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg. 49 (1830)
= Randiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 534 (1820)
= Sabiceaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 555 (1820)
= Spermacoceaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 256 (1820)
= Theligonaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 15, 17 (1829), nom. cons.
489.4041
Genus
Asperula L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 103 (1753), nom. cons.
Distribution: Eurasia (chiefly Mediterranean and Russia from European part to Far East), E-Australia and Tasmania. The genus remains polyphyletic and will need further split, for example sections Glabella p. p., sect. Cruciana, A. laevigata and A. tinctoria.
Species listed in database: 88; hybrids: 1
= Asterophyllum K.F.Schimp. & Spenn.; Spenn., Fl. Friburg. 3: 1077 (1829)
= Blepharostemma Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n. s. 16: 398 (1868)
= Chrozorrhiza Ehrh.; Beitr. Naturk. Verw. Wiss. 4: 147 (1789)
= Galiopsis St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 79 (1880)
= Leptunis Steven; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 29(2): 366 (1856)
species :
Asperula acuminata
I.Thomps.; Muelleria 27(1): 63 (2009)
Distribution: Australia (New South Wales)
50 AUS
species :
Asperula albiflora
Popov; Korovin, Kult. & Popov, Descr. Pl. Nov. Turkmenistan. 73 (1916)
Distribution: Turkmenistan; Tajikistan
32 TKM TZK
species :
Asperula ambleia
Airy Shaw & Turrill; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1928: 99 (1928)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria)
50 AUS
species :
Asperula anatolica
M.Öztürk; Turk. J. Bot. 37(1): 47 (2012)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Asperula arvensis
L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 103 (1753)
Name: Acker-Meier (DE); Blue Woodruff (EN)
Distribution: Denmark [I]; Norway [I]; Sweden [I]; Netherlands; Germany (+Brandenburg, Baden-Württemberg [I], +Bayern, +Hessen, Hessen [I], +Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, +Niedersachsen, +Nordrhein-Westfalen, +Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein [I], +Saarland, +Sachsen, +Sachsen-Anhalt, +Thüringen); Switzerland; Austria; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Baleares; France; Channel Isl. [I]; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (scattered mainland, also Samothraki, Ionian Isl., Sporades); Crete (Dikti); Estonia [I]; Belarus; E-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; ?Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Chios, Samos, Kos, Tilos, Rhodos); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, S-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, C-Syrian Desert, NW-Syria, Jbel Druze); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, N-Negev Desert, Judean Desert); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Australia [I] (New South Wales [I]); Canada [I] (Alberta [I], Ontario [I]); USA [I] (Connecticut [I], District of Columbia [I], Delaware [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], New York [I], Pennsylvania [I], Texas [I], West Virginia [I])
10 den nor swe 11 AUT GER HUN NET SLO SWI 12 BAL cis COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MNT NMA PTL ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 BLR est KRY RUS UKR 20 ALG LBY MOR TUN 32 KAZ KGZ TKM UZB 33 AZE GEO NCS 34 CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR 50 aus 71 cdn 72 cdn 75 usa 77 usa 78 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula dubia Willd.; Schult. & Schult.f., Mant. 3: 189 (1827)
= Galium arvense (L.) F.Herm.; Fl. N.- u. Mitteleur. 941 (1956), nom. inval.
= Galium sherardiiflorum E.H.L.Krause; Deutschl. Fl. [Sturm], ed. 2, 12: 206 (1904), nom. illeg.
species :
Asperula assamica
Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 15(1): 240 (1864)
Distribution: NE-India (Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam)
40 IND
species :
Asperula asterocephala
Bornm.; Bull. Herb. Boissier 7: 116 (1899)
Distribution: Iraq (NE-Iraq)
34 IRQ
species :
Asperula asthenes
Airy Shaw & Turrill; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1928: 100 (1928)
Distribution: Australia (New South Wales)
50 AUS
species :
Asperula azerbaidjanica
Mam, Shach & Velib.; Bot. J. Russian Acad. Sci., Ser. 5, 78: 105 (1993)
Distribution: Azerbaijan
33 AZE
species :
Asperula badachschanica
Pachom.; Opred. Rast. Sred. Azii 9: 367 (1987)
Distribution: Tajikistan
32 TZK
species :
Asperula balchanica
Bobrov; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., ed.] 18: 691 (1958)
Distribution: Turkmenistan
32 TKM
Remarks: probably an infraspecific taxon within A. glomerata
species :
Asperula bargyli
Gomb.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 105: 255 (1958)
Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia); Lebanon (coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, W-Syrian Mountains)
34 LEB SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula pseudolibanotica Ehrend.; Ark. Bot., andra s. 5: 409 (1960)
species :
Asperula botschantzevii
Pachom.; Opred. Rast. Sred. Azii 9: 366 (1987)
Distribution: Tajikistan
32 TZK
species :
Asperula brachyantha
Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 6: 66 (1846)
Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)
34 IRN
species :
Asperula cankiriensis
B.Åzahin & Sagiroglu; Turk. J. Bot. 45(3): 247 (2021)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Asperula charophyton
Airy Shaw & Turrill; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1928: 101 (1928)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland, New South Wales, Tasmania)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula conferta var. elongata Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 3: 444 (1867)
= Asperula oligantha var. conferta-elongata Maiden & Betche; Census N.S.W. Pl. 188 (1916), nom. superfl.
species :
Asperula ciliatula
Pachom.; Opred. Rast. Sred. Azii 9: 363 (1987)
Distribution: Tajikistan
32 TZK
species :
Asperula cilicica
Hausskn. ex Ehrend.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 330 (1958)
Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia)
34 TUR
species :
Asperula comosa
Schönb.-Tem.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 127: 301 (1977)
Distribution: Iraq (NE-Iraq)
34 IRQ
species :
Asperula conferta
Hook.f.; Lond. J. Bot. 6: 463 bis (1847)
Distribution: Australia (South Australia, Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula conferta var. abreviata Airy Shaw & Turrill; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1932: 87 (1932)
= Asperula conferta var. scoparioides Airy Shaw & Turrill; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1932: 87 (1932)
= Asperula oligantha var. conferta (Hook.f.) Maiden & Betche; Census N.S.W. Pl. 188 (1916), nom. illeg.
species :
Asperula congesta
Tschern.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Inst. Bot. Akad. Nauk Uzbeksk. S.S.R. 16: 70 (1961)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan
32 KAZ KGZ UZB
species :
Asperula cunninghamii
Airy Shaw & Turrill; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1928: 97 (1928)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland, New South Wales)
50 AUS
species :
Asperula cymulosa
(Post) Post; Fl. Sy. Pal. Sin. 391 (1896)
Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula involucrata var. rigida Post; Fl. Syria 392 (1896)
= Galium cymulosum Post; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 24: 432 (1888)
species :
Asperula czukavinae
Pachom. & Karimov; Opred. Rast. Sred. Azii 9: 365 (1987)
Distribution: Tajikistan
32 TZK
species :
Asperula dasyantha
Klokov; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., ed.] 23: 704 (1958)
Distribution: Transcaucasus
species :
Asperula euryphylla
Airy Shaw & Turrill; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1928: 100 (1928)
Distribution: Australia (South Australia, New South Wales, Victoria)
50 AUS
species :
Asperula fedtschenkoi
Ovcz. & Tschern.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Inst. Bot. Akad. Nauk Uzbeksk. S.S.R. 16: 75 (1961)
Distribution: Uzbekistan
32 UZB
species :
Asperula fidanii
Eroglu; Adansonia, Sér. 3, 44(19): 203 (2022)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Asperula fragillima
Boiss. & Hausskn.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 36 (1875)
Distribution: Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula fragillima var. velutina Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 37 (1875)
= Asperula fragosoana Pau; Trab. Mus. Nac. Ci. Nat., Ser. Bot. 14: 35 (1918)
species :
Asperula friabilis
Schönb.-Tem.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 127: 300 (1977)
Distribution: Iraq (NE-Iraq)
34 IRQ
species :
Asperula galioides
M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 101 (1808)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]
33 GEO NCS
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula galioides var. glabra Wallr.; Sched. Crit. 60 (1822), nom. inval.
= Galiopsis glauca Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n. s. 16: 398 (1868)
= Galium altissimum Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 11 (1782), opus utique oppr.
= Galium campanulatum var. glabrum Roth; Enum. Pl. Phaen. Germ. 1(1): 467 (1827)
= Galium galioides (M.Bieb.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 11: 250 (1965)
species :
Asperula gemella
Airy Shaw & Turrill; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1928: 102 (1928)
Distribution: Australia (New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Galium geminifolium F.Muell.; Trans. Philos. Soc. Victoria 1: 147 (1855)
= Galium umbrosum var. geminifolium (F.Muell.) C.Moore & Betche; Handb. Fl. n. s. W.: 253 (1893)
species :
Asperula geminifolia
F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 5: 147 (1866)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland, New South Wales)
50 AUS
species :
Asperula glabrata
Tschern.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Inst. Bot. Akad. Nauk Uzbeksk. S.S.R. 16: 72 (1961)
Distribution: Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan
32 KGZ TZK UZB
species :
Asperula glomerata
(M.Bieb.) Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2: 166 (1844)
subspecies :
subsp. glomerata
Distribution: Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, S-Iran, W-Iran); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Pakistan (Baluchistan, Kurram)
32 KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM GEO NCS 34 IRN IRQ LEB TUR 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula capitata (Labill.) Grossh.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 44(2): 239 (1927), nom. illeg.
= Asperula glomerata var. capitata (Labill.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 29 (1875)
= Asperula glomerata var. latibracteata Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 29 (1875)
= Asperula squarrosa K.Koch; Linnaea 24: 461 (1851)
= Asperula stricta var. alpina Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 35 (1875)
= Crucianella capitata Labill.; Icon. Pl. Syr. 1: 12 (1791)
= Crucianella fibrosa Ehrenb. ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 29 (1875)
= Crucianella glomerata M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 107 (1808)
= Crucianella suffruticosa Willd. ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 2: 404 (1844)
subspecies :
subsp. afghanica
Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.; Fl. Iranica 176: 130 (2005)
Distribution: C-Iran; E-Iran; Afghanistan (Badghys, Bamyan, Ghazni, Ghorat, Kunar / Nuristan, Logar, Wardak, Orozgan / Daykundi, Paktia / Khost, Parwan)
34 AFG IRN
subspecies :
subsp. azerbaijanica
Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.; Fl. Iranica 176: 121 (2005)
Distribution: NW-Iran
34 IRN
subspecies :
subsp. bijarensis
Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.; Fl. Iranica 176: 128 (2005)
Distribution: W-Iran
34 IRN
subspecies :
subsp. bracteata
(Boiss.) Ehrend.; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 56: 223 (1948)
Distribution: C-Iran; N-Iran
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Crucianella bracteata Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 1, 3: 29 (1843)
= Asperula bracteata (Boiss.) Grossh.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 44(2): 239 (1927)
subspecies :
subsp. condensata
(Ehrend.) Ehrend.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 330 (1958)
Distribution: W-Iran
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula glomerata var. condensata Ehrend.; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 56: 223 (1948)
subspecies :
subsp. dasycarpa
Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.; Fl. Iranica 176: 128 (2005)
Distribution: ?S-Turkey; W-Iran
34 IRN
subspecies :
subsp. eriantha
(Hausskn. ex Bornm.) Ehrend.; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 56: 222 (1948)
Distribution: Turkey; Iraq; NW-Iran; S-Iran
34 IRN IRQ TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula glomerata f. eriantha Hausskn. ex Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 19: 266 (1906)
subspecies :
subsp. filiformis
(Bornm.) Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.; Fl. Iranica 176: 123 (2005)
Distribution: Iraq; S-Iran
34 IRN IRQ
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula glomerata var. filiformis Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 58(2): 292 (1938)
subspecies :
subsp. hirsutiuscula
(Pobed.) Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.; Fl. Iranica 176: 122 (2005)
Distribution: Azerbaijan (Talysh); NW-Iran
33 AZE 34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula hirsutiuscula Pobed.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., ed.] 23: 690 (1958)
subspecies :
subsp. pamirica
(Pobed.) Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.; Fl. Iranica 176: 124 (2005)
Distribution: Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Badakshan, Baghlan, Kabul, Logar, Paktia / Khost, Parwan); Pakistan
32 KGZ TZK 34 AFG 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula ferganica Pobed.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., ed.] 23: 690 (1958)
= Asperula kirghisorum Filat.; Fl. Kirgiz. SSR 11: 536 (1965)
= Asperula pamirica Pobed.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., ed.] 23: 691 (1958)
subspecies :
subsp. turcomanica
(Pobed.) Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.; Fl. Iranica 176: 123 (2005)
Distribution: Turkmenistan; Tajikistan; E-Iran; N-Iran; Afghanistan (Herat)
32 TKM TZK 34 AFG IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula pseudoglomerata Pachom.; Opred. Rast. Sred. Azii 9: 364 (1987)
= Asperula turcomanica Pobed.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., ed.] 23: 692 (1958)
species :
Asperula gobicola
Grubov; Kat. Tipov. Obraz. Sosud. Rast. Tsentral. Azii Gerb. Bot. Inst. V.L.Komarova 210 (2000)
Distribution: Mongolia
37 MON
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula saxicola Grubov; Opred. Sosud. Rast. Mongolii 230 (1982) non Ehrend. 1974
= Asperula gobica Govaerts; Skvortsovia 4(3): 79 (2018), nom. nov. superfl.
species :
Asperula gracilis
C.A.Mey.; Verz. Pfl. Caucasus 52 (1831)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Turkey (E-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia)
33 GEO NCS 34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula ovalifolia Boiss. & A.Huet; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 2, 2: 113 (1856)
= Cruciata pseudopolycarpon (Sommier & Levier) Pobed.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 7: 280 (1970 publ. 1971)
= Galium pseudopolycarpon Sommier & Levier; Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital. Ser. II. 3: 30 (1894)
species :
Asperula gunnii
Hook.f.; London J. Bot. 6: 463 bis (1847)
Distribution: Australia (South Australia, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula gunnii var. curta (Hook.f.) Airy Shaw & Turrill; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1932: 90 (1932)
= Asperula oligantha var. gunnii (Hook.f.) Maiden & Betche; Census N.S.W. Pl. 188 (1916), nom. illeg.
= Galium curtum Hook.f.; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 6: 462b (1847)
species :
Asperula hoskingii
I.Thomps.; Muelleria 27(1): 54 (map) (2009)
Distribution: Australia (New South Wales)
50 AUS
species :
Asperula insignis
(Vatke) Ehrend.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 127: 302 (1977)
Distribution: Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); W-Iran
34 IRN IRQ
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula haussknechtii Boiss.; Pl. Orient. Nov. 1: 1 (1875)
= Asperula haussknechtii var. glabra Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 58 B: 293 (1938)
= Crucianella insignis Vatke; Linnaea 38: 714 (1874)
species :
Asperula insolita
Pachom.; Opred. Rast. Sred. Azii 9: 366 (1987)
Distribution: Tajikistan
32 TZK
species :
Asperula involucrata
Wahlenb.; Berggren, Res. Eur. Österländ. 2: 21 (1827)
Distribution: Bulgaria; European Turkey; ?NE-Greece; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, WN-Anatolia)
13 BUL TUE 34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula glaberrima Bunge ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 333 (1879)
= Asperula glabra K.Koch; Linnaea 19: 31 (1847)
= Asperula laevigata DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 582 (1830) non L.
= Galium suberosum Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2: 161 (1846), nom. illeg.
species :
Asperula karategini
Pachom. & Karimov; Opred. Rast. Sred. Azii 9: 364 (1987)
Distribution: Tajikistan
32 TZK
species :
Asperula kotschyana
(Boiss. & Hohen.) Boiss.; Fl. 3: 27 (1875)
Distribution: Turkey (SE-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq)
34 IRQ TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Crucianella kotschyana Boiss. & Hohen.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 3: 28 (1843)
species :
Asperula kovalevskiana
Pachom.; Opred. Rast. Sred. Azii 9: 365 (1987)
Distribution: Turkmenistan
32 TKM
species :
Asperula kryloviana
Serg.; Trav. Inst. Sci. Biol., Tomsk 2: 69 (1936)
Distribution: Kazakhstan
32 KAZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Galium krylovianum (Serg.) Pobed.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 7: 277 (1970 publ. 1971)
species :
Asperula laevigata
L.; Mant. Pl. 38 (1767)
Distribution: NE-Spain; Baleares; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Croatia; Albania; Greece (mountains of NW-, C-Greece, N-Peloponnisos, Mt. Pelion, Kerkyra, Mt. Taygetos); Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia
12 BAL COR FRA SAR SPA 13 ALB CRO GRC ITA SIC 20 ALG MOR TUN
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula fallax Ehrh. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 151 (1840)
= Asperula rotundifolia L.; Mant. Pl. 2: 230 (1771)
= Galium rotundatum Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2: 157 (1844)
species :
Asperula lasiantha
Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 14: 120 (1938)
Distribution: North Korea; South Korea
38 KOR NKO
Synonyms: hidden
= Galium lasianthum (Nakai) M.Kim; Korean Endemic Pl. 309 (2017)
species :
Asperula libanotica
Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 1, 10: 59 (1849)
Distribution: Lebanon (C-Lebanon); Israel (N-Israel)
34 ISR LEB
species :
Asperula majoriflora
Borbás ex Formánek; Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn 32: 165 (1894)
Distribution: N-Iraq
34 IRQ
species :
Asperula minima
Hook.f.; Lond. J. Bot. 6: 464 bis (1847)
Distribution: Australia (Victoria, Tasmania)
50 AUS
species :
Asperula molluginoides
(M.Bieb.) Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Exc. 1: 206 (1831)
Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan, N-Iran)
33 ARM AZE GEO 34 IRN TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula tubiflora Gueldenst. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel] 1: 80 (1821), pro syn.
= Crucianella anomala Balb. ex DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 587 (1830), pro syn.
= Crucianella molluginoides M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 106 (1808)
= Crucianella pentandra Willd. ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 2: 404 (1844)
= Galium anomalum Rchb.f.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. [H.G.L.Reichenbach] 17: 89 (1855)
= Galium longiflorum Gueldenst.; Reis. Russland 1: 427 (1787)
= Galium molluginoides (M.Bieb.) E.H.L.Krause; Deutschl. Fl. [Sturm], ed. 2, 12: 207 (1904)
species :
Asperula nuratensis
Pachom.; Opred. Rast. Sred. Azii 9: 366 (1987)
Distribution: Uzbekistan
32 UZB
species :
Asperula oblanceolata
I.Thomps.; Muelleria 27(1): 68 (2009)
Distribution: Australia (Victoria, South Australia, Tasmania)
50 AUS
species :
Asperula oppositifolia
Regel & Schmalh. ex Regel; Pl. Nov. Fedsch. 42 (1882)
subspecies :
subsp. oppositifolia
Distribution: Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Tibet; India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir)
32 KGZ TZK UZB 36 TIB 40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula popovii Schischk.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., ed.] 23: 280 (1958) p. p. quoad nomen
= Asperula oppositifolia subsp. sordiderosea Popov; E. P. Korovin, M. V. Kultiasow & Popov, Descr. Pl. Nov. Turkest. 73 (1916)
variant :
var. albidula
Pachom.; Opred. Rast. Sred. Azii 9: 290 (1987)
Distribution: Tajikistan
32 TZK
subspecies :
subsp. baltistanica
Nazim.; Fl. Pakistan 190: 32 (1989)
Distribution: NE-Pakistan (Baltistan)
40 PAK
subspecies :
subsp. cabulica
Ehrend.; Dan. Biol. Skr. 10 3: 131 (1959)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Kabul, Parwan)
34 AFG
subspecies :
subsp. chitralensis
Schönb.-Tem. & Ehrend.; Fl. Iranica 176: 140 (2005)
Distribution: Pakistan (Chitral)
40 PAK
subspecies :
subsp. grandiflora
Ehrend.; Dan. Biol. Skr. 10 3: 131 (1959)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Parwan); India (Himachal Pradesh, Maharashtra)
34 AFG 40 IND
subspecies :
subsp. pseudocynanchica
Ehrend.; Dan. Biol. Skr. 10 3: 132 (1959)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Kunar / Nuristan); Pakistan (Kurram, Chitral); India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir)
32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 34 AFG 40 IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula laevis Schischk.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., ed.] 23: 709 (1958)
subspecies :
subsp. rechingeri
F.Ghahrem., Joharchi & Aydani; Rostaniha 7(Suppl. 2): 208 (2007)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
subspecies :
subsp. sikaramensis
Schönb.-Tem. & Ehrend.; Fl. Iranica 176: 139 (2005)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Nangarhar, Paktia / Khost); Pakistan (Kurram)
34 AFG 40 PAK
subspecies :
subsp. swatensis
Schönb.-Tem. & Ehrend.; Fl. Iranica 176: 141 (2005)
Distribution: Pakistan (Swat)
40 PAK
species :
Asperula orientalis
Boiss. & Hohen.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 3: 30 (1843)
Name: Oriental asperula (EN), Orient-Meier (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Hungary [I]; Georgia [Caucasus]; Turkey (E-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia); ?Iraq (?NE-Iraq); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria (NW-Syria); China [I]; USA [I] (North Dakota [I], Oregon [I])
11 ger hun 33 GEO 34 LEB SYR TUR 36 chi 73 usa 74 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula arvensis subsp. orientalis (Boiss. & Hohen.) J.Thiébaut; Mém. Inst. Égypt. 40: 187 (1940)
= Asperula azurea Jaub. & Spach; Illustr. 1: 151, t. 82 (1844)
= Asperula azurea var. setosa Regel; Index Sem. (St. Petersburg [Petropolitanus]) 1866: 92 (1867)
= Galium azureum (Jaub. & Spach) E.H.L.Krause; Deutschl. Fl. [Sturm], ed. 2, 12: 205 (1904)
species :
Asperula pauciflora
Tschern.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Inst. Bot. Akad. Nauk Uzbeksk. S.S.R. 16: 67 (1961)
Distribution: Uzbekistan; Tajikistan (Zeravshan); Afghanistan (Balkh)
32 TZK UZB 34 AFG
species :
Asperula perpusilla
Hook.; Bot. Antarct. Voy. II. (Fl. Nov.-Zel.) 1: 114 (1852)
Distribution: New Zealand (incl. Stewart Isl.)
51 NZL
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula aristifera Colenso; Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 21: 88 (1888 publ. 1889)
= Galium perpusillum (Hook.f.) Allan; Fl. N. Zeal. 1: 592 (1961), nom. illeg.
species :
Asperula podlechii
Schönb.-Tem.; Fl. Iranica 276: 135 (2005)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Balkh)
34 AFG
species :
Asperula polymera
I.Thomps.; Muelleria 27(1): 61 (map) (2009)
Distribution: Australia (Victoria, New South Wales)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula euryphylla var. octophylla Airy Shaw & Turrill; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1928: 100 (1928)
species :
Asperula prostrata
(Adams) K.Koch; Linnaea 24: 461 (1851)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (NE-Iran: Mts., NW-Iran)
33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN IRQ TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula albovii Manden.; Grossh., Opr. Rast. Kauk. 247 (1949)
= Asperula aspera (M.Bieb.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 28 (1875)
= Asperula aspera var. brachystegia Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 28 (1875)
= Asperula aspera var. latifolia Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 28 (1875)
= Asperula laxiflora Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 37 (1875)
= Asperula prostrata subsp. albovii (Manden.) Mikheev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 77(10): 69 (1992)
= Crucianella aspera M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 107 (1808)
= Crucianella decumbens Adams ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 2: 404 (1844)
= Crucianella galioides Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 1, 3: 29 (1843)
= Crucianella prostrata Adams; F. Weber & D. M. H. Mohr, Beitr. 1: 46 (1805)
species :
Asperula pugionifolia
Tschern.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Inst. Bot. Akad. Nauk Uzbeksk. S.S.R. 16: 69 (1961)
Distribution: Uzbekistan; Tajikistan
32 TZK UZB
species :
Asperula pulchella
(Podl.) Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.; Fl. Iranica 176: 112 (2005)
Distribution: S-Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Takhar)
32 TZK 34 AFG
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula gypsacea Pachom.; Opred. Rast. Sred. Azii 9: 367 (1987)
= Gaillonia pulchella Podlech; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 7: 107 (1968)
= Neogaillonia pulchella (Podlech) Lincz.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 10: 230 (1973)
species :
Asperula pusilla
Hook.f.; London J. Bot. 6: 464 bis (1847)
Distribution: Australia (South Australia, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula gunnii var. pusilla (Hook.f.) Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 3: 445 (1867)
species :
Asperula rechingeri
Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 174(3-4): 198 (1991)
Distribution: S-Iran; W-Iran
34 IRN
species :
Asperula rezaiyensis
Schönb.-Tem.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 174(3-4): 198 (1991)
Distribution: W-Iran
34 IRN
species :
Asperula scabrella
Tschern.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Inst. Bot. Akad. Nauk Uzbeksk. S.S.R. 16: 74 (1961)
Distribution: Uzbekistan
32 UZB
species :
Asperula scoparia
Hook.f.; London J. Bot. 6: 463 bis (1847)
subspecies :
subsp. scoparia
Distribution: Australia (New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula oligantha var. scoparia (Hook.f.) Maiden & Betche; Census N.S.W. Pl. 188 (1916), nom. illeg.
= Asperula scoparia var. ulicina Airy Shaw & Turrill; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1932: 89 (1932)
subspecies :
subsp. subglabra
I.Thomps.; Muelleria 27(1): 60 (map) (2009)
Distribution: Australia (New South Wales)
50 AUS
species :
Asperula seticornis
Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 3: 65 (1843)
Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)
34 IRN
species :
Asperula setosa
Jaub. & Spach; Ill. Pl. Orient. 1: 152, t. 82B (1844)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Tajikistan; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan); Afghanistan (Badakshan, Bamyan, Kabul, Wardak, Paktia / Khost, Parwan); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria; Pakistan (Baluchistan, Chitral)
32 KAZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE 34 AFG IRN IRQ LEB SYR TUR 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula arvensis subsp. setosa (Jaub. & Spach) J.Thiébaut; Mém. Inst. Égypt. 40: 187 (1940)
species :
Asperula sherardioides
(Boiss.) Jaub. & Spach; Ill. Pl. Orient. 1: 151, t. 83 (1844)
Distribution: Iran (NW-Iran)
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Crucianella sherardioides (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 3: 24 (1843)
species :
Asperula sordide-rosea
Popov; Korovin et al., Descr. Pl. Nov. Turkest. 73 (1916)
Distribution: Turkmenistan
32 TKM
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
species :
Asperula strishovae
Pachom. & Karimov; Opred. Rast. Sred. Azii 9: 364 (1987)
Distribution: Tajikistan
32 TZK
species :
Asperula suavis
Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Index Sem. [St.Petersburg (Petropolitanus)] 9: 62 (1842)
Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula mutica Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 43 (1875)
= Asperula petrophila Bornm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 89: 300 (1941)
species :
Asperula subsimplex
Hook.f.; London J. Bot. 6: 463 bis (1847)
Distribution: Australia (New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula subsimplex f. aquatica Airy Shaw & Turrill; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1932: 93 (1932)
species :
Asperula subulifolia
Airy Shaw & Turrill; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1928: 98 (1928)
Distribution: Australia (New South Wales, Queensland)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Galium subulifolium F.Muell. ex Airy Shaw & Turrill; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1928: 98 (1928)
species :
Asperula syrticola
(Miq.) Toelken; Fl. S. Australia 2: 1063 (1986)
Distribution: Australia (South Australia)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula lissocarpa Airy Shaw & Turrill; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1928: 95 (1928)
= Asperula oligantha F.Muell. ex Miq.; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 4: 111, 112 (1859)
= Asperula syrticola (Miq.) Airy Shaw & Turrill; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1928: 96 (1928)
= Rubia syrticola Miq.; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 4: 111 (1856)
species :
Asperula szovitsii
Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.; Fl. Iranica 176: 112 (2005)
Distribution: NW-Iran
34 IRN
species :
Asperula taurina
L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 103 (1753)
Name: Turiner Meister (DE)
Distribution: England [I]; Denmark [I]; Germany [I]; Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Hungary [I]; France; France [I]; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; C-Greece (C-Evvoia: Mt. Sirovouni); European Russia (?); Crimea; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus] (incl. Abkhazia); Armenia; Turkey (N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia); Iran (N-Iran)
10 den grb 11 AUT ger hun LIE SWI 12 FRA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA SLV SRB 14 KRY RUS 33 ARM GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula caucasica Pobed.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., ed.] 23: 692 (1958)
= Asperula nemoralis Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 58 (1796), nom. superfl.
= Asperula propinqua Pobed.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., ed.] 23: 693 (1958)
= Asperula rubioides Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 276 (1866)
= Asperula taurina f. leucanthera Beck; Ann. K.K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 2: 153 (1887)
= Asperula taurina subsp. caucasica (Pobed.) Ehrend.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37(2): 248 (1979)
= Asperula taurina subsp. caucasica (Pobed.) Elenevsky & Pjatunina; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prír., Otd. Biol. 100(4): 70 (1995), isonym
= Asperula taurina subsp. leucanthera (Beck) Hayek; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi, Begr.] 6(1): 201 (1914)
= Asperula taurina var. intermedia Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 62 (1903)
= Asperula taurina var. longifolia Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 63 (1903)
= Asperula trinervia Lam.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 3: 376 (1805)
= Blepharostemma taurinum (L.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n. s. 16: 398 (1868)
= Galium taurinum (L.) E.H.L.Krause; 205 (1904), isonym
= Galium taurinum (L.) Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 1: 101 (1771)
species :
Asperula tenuissima
K.Koch; Linnaea 24: 462 (1851)
Distribution: Kazakhstan
32 KAZ
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
species :
Asperula tetraphylla
(Airy Shaw & Turrill) I.Thomps.; Muelleria 27(1): 64 (2009)
Distribution: Australia (South Australia)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula euryphylla var. tetraphylla Airy Shaw & Turrill; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1928: 100 (1928)
species :
Asperula trichoides
Gay; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 582 (1830)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Talysh); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan); Afghanistan (Badakshan, Herat, Kabul, Logar, Parwan); China (Xinjiang)
32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE 34 AFG IRN 36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Leptunis tenuis Steven; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 29: 366 (1856)
= Leptunis trichoides (J.Gay ex DC.) Ehrend. ex Köie & Rech.f.; Biol. Skr. Dan. Vid. Selsk. 10 3: 134 (1958), isonym
= Leptunis trichoides (J.Gay ex DC.) Schischk.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., ed.] 23: 285 (1958)
species :
Asperula trifida
Makino; Ill. Fl. Japan 1(11), t. 68 (1891), nomen, et Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 17: 72 (1905)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Galium shikokianum Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 23: 103 (1909)
species :
Asperula tschernevae
Kamelin; Fl. Ushchel. Reki Varzob 507 (2021)
Distribution: Tajikistan
32 TZK
species :
Asperula tymphaea
T.Gregor, Meierott & Raus; Phytol. Balcan. 22(2): 256 (2016)
Distribution: NW-Greece (Mt. Timfi)
13 GRC
species :
Asperula virgata
Hub.-Mor. ex Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37: 248, t. 1, f. C (1979)
Distribution: Turkey (NE-Anatolia)
34 TUR
species :
Asperula wimmeriana
Airy Shaw & Turrill; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1928: 94 (1928)
Distribution: Australia (New South Wales, South Australia, Victoria)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula wimmeriana f. glaberrima Airy Shaw & Turrill; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1932: 94 (1932)
species :
Asperula xylorrhiza
Nábelek; Publ. Fac. Sci. Univ. Masaryk Brno 35: 133 (1923)
Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)
34 IRN IRQ TUR
species :
Asperula ×portae
Peruzzi; Inform. Bot. Ital. 42: 530 (2010)
Distribution: Italy
13 ITA
Remarks: Asperula aristata x A. calabra
Synonyms: hidden
= Asperula suberosa var. glabra Fiori; Nuov. Fl. Italia 2: 503 (1925)
