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Ver. 25.01
Jan. 2nd, 2024

478.0000 Family Boraginaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. 128 (1789), nom. cons., s. str.
118 genera, ca. 2000 spp.
Species listed in database: 2042; hybrids: 46
= Anchusaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 274, 302 (1818)
= Cerinthaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 244 (1820)
= Cynoglossaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. 406 (1843)
= Echiaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 2: 61 (1837)
= Onosmaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 437 (1820)
478.2229 Genus Anchusa L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 133 (1753)
Distribution: Europe, central and S-European part of Russia, Northern Caucasus, Middle Asia, Mediterranean, SW-Asia eastward to S-Himalaya, disjunct Southern Africa
Species listed in database: 29; hybrids: 2
= Buglossa Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 351 (1821 publ. 1822), nom. superfl.
= Buglossites Bubani; Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 1: 494 (1897), nom. superfl.
= Buglossum Mill.; Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4 (1754)
= Echioides Fabr.; Enum. [Fabricius] 43 (1759), nom. superfl.
= Stomotechium Lehm.; Gött. Gel. Anz. 152: 1513 (1817)
species :
Anchusa affinis R.Br. ex A.DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 44 (1846)
Distribution: Cameroon [I]; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Saudi Arabia (Asir)
23 cmn 24 ERI ETH 35 SAU
Synonyms: hidden
= Anchusa affinis R.Br.; Salt., Voy. Abyss. App. 511 (1814), nomen
species :
Anchusa atlantica Ball; J. Bot. 11: 373 (1873)
Distribution: Morocco; Algeria
20 ALG MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Anchusa alborosea Benoist; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 27: 112 (1921)
= Anchusa alborosea f. coerulea H.Lindb.; Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn., Ser. B, Opera Biol. 1(2): 122 (1932)
= Anchusa granatensis var. albiflora Batt.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 51: 352 (1904)
= Anchusa mairei Gusul.; Bul. Fac. Sti. Cernauti 1: 305 (1927)
= Anchusa pseudogranatensis (Braun-Blanq. & Maire) Sennen & Mauricio; Cat Pl. Rif.- 80 (1933)
= Anchusa undulata f. coerulea (H.Lindb.) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 3: 596 (1934)
= Anchusa undulata subsp. atlantica (Ball) Braun-Blanq. & Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 16: 37 (1925)
= Anchusa undulata subsp. pseudogranatensis (Braun-Blanq. & Maire) Ouyahya; Trav. Inst. Sci. Univ. Mohammed V, Sér. Bot. 37: 56 (2005)
= Anchusa undulata var. alborosea (Benoist) Braun-Blanq. & Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 16: 37 (1925)
= Anchusa undulata var. atlantica (Ball) Gusul.; Bul. Fac. Sti. Cernauti 1: 304 (1927)
= Anchusa undulata var. mairei (Gusul.) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 3: 597 (1934)
= Anchusa undulata var. pseudogranatensis Braun-Blanq. & Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 16: 37 (1925)
species :
Anchusa azurea Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 9 (1768)
Name: Italienische Ochsenzunge (DE); Italian bugloss (EN); Lengua de buey (ES)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Switzerland [I]; Austria [I]; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Gibraltar; Baleares; France; Channel Isl. [I]; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Malta; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread in lowlands, incl. most islands); Crete; E-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Madeira (Madeira Isl.); Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma); Russian Far East [I] (Magadan [I]); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia, W-Iraq: Desert); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Badakshan, Badghys, Baghlan, Balkh, Faryab, Herat, Kabul, Parwan, Takhar); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, NW-Syria); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, N-Negev Desert, Judean Desert); Sinai peninsula (S-Sinai); Jordania (W-Jordania); Pakistan (Baluchistan, Quetta, Murree, Mirpur); India (Jammu & Kashmir); Bangladesh [I]; Myanmar [I]; Canada [I] (British Columbia [I]); USA [I] (California [I], Colorado [I], Connecticut [I], Iowa [I], Idaho [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], Michigan [I], Montana [I], New Hampshire [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Texas [I], Utah [I], Washington State [I])
11 aut ger HUN SLO swi 12 BAL cis COR FRA GIB POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MLT MNT NMA PEL PTL ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 KRY RUS UKR 20 ALG LBY MOR TUN 21 CNY MDR 31 rfe 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR TUR 40 ban IND PAK 41 mya 71 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa
Remarks: azurea agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Anchusa amoena J.F.Gmel.; Syst. Nat. [Candolle] 2: 318 (1821)
= Anchusa azurea var. kurdica (Gusul.) D.F.Chamb.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 35(3): 298 (1977)
= Anchusa azurea var. lucida (Vitman) Gams; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi, Begr.] 5: 2202 (1927)
= Anchusa azurea var. macrocarpa (Boiss. & Hohen.) D.F.Chamb.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 35(3): 298 (1977)
= Anchusa azurea var. macrophylla (Lam.) Sauvage & Vindt; Trav. Inst. Sci. Chérifien, Sér. Bot. 3: 96 (1954)
= Anchusa biceps Vest; Flora (Regensburg) 4: 148 (1821)
= Anchusa italica Retz.; Observ. Bot. [Retzius] 1: 12 (1779)
= Anchusa italica var. angustifolia St.-Lag.; Étude Fl., éd. 8 [A.Cariot], 2: 603 (1889)
= Anchusa italica var. azurea (Mill.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 10: 286 (1908), nom. superfl.
= Anchusa italica var. grandiflora Jekyll & E.T.Cook; Garden (London, 1871-1927) 57: 471 (1900)
= Anchusa italica var. kurdica Gusul.; Bul. Fac. Sti. Cernauti 1: 274 (1927)
= Anchusa italica var. macrocarpa (Boiss. & Hohen.) Gusul.; Bul. Fac. Sti. Cernauti 1: 273 (1927)
= Anchusa italica var. paniculata (Aiton) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 10: 286 (1908)
= Anchusa lucida Vitman; Summa Pl. 1: 387 (1789)
= Anchusa macrocarpa Boiss. & Hohen.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 4: 42 (1844)
= Anchusa macrophylla Lam.; Tabl. Encycl. 1: 402 (1792)
= Anchusa officinalis Gouan; Hort. Monsp. 81 (1762) non L.
= Anchusa paniculata Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 1: 177 (1789)
= Buglossum amoenum Gaertn.; Fruct. 1: 322, t. 67 (1788)
= Buglossum caeruleum Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 159 (1805)
= Buglossum elatum Moench; Methodus [Moench] 418 (1794), nom. illeg.
= Buglossum italicum (Retz.) Tausch; Flora (Regensburg) 7: 230 (1824)
= Buglossum paniculatum (Aiton) Tausch; Flora (Regensburg) 7: 228 (1824)
= Buglossum vulgare Tausch; Flora (Regensburg) 7: 229 (1824)
species :
Anchusa calcarea Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 431 (1842)
subspecies :
subsp. calcarea
Distribution: Portugal; W- & S-Spain; Morocco; ?Algeria
12 POR SPA 20 MOR
Remarks: undulata agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Anchusa calcarea var. scaberrima Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 431, t. 123 (1841)
subspecies :
subsp. losadae (Valdés) Valdés & Mateos; Lagascalia 29: 317 (2009)
Distribution: SW-Spain
12 SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Anchusa calcarea var. losadae Valdés; Herb. Univ. Hispalensis Fl. Select. Cent. 3: 21 (1993)
species :
Anchusa capensis Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 34 (1794)
Name: Cape bugloss
Distribution: Namibia [I]; Botswana; South Africa (Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; Taiwan [I]; India [c]; Myanmar [I]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], Victoria [I]); USA [I] (Oregon [I])
27 BOT LES nam SAF 38 tai 40 ind 41 mya 50 aus 73 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Stomotechium papillosum Lehm.; Gött. Gel. Anz. 152: 1513 (1817)
species :
Anchusa cespitosa Lam.; Encycl. [J. Lamarck et al.] 1: 504 (1785)
Distribution: Crete (Lefka Ori)
13 KRI
Conservation Status: IUCN R
species :
Anchusa crispa Viv.; App. Fl. Cors. Prodr. 1: 1 (1825)
subspecies :
subsp. crispa
Distribution: Corsica; Sardinia
12 COR SAR
Remarks: undulata agg.
Conservation Status: IUCN CR. Known only from few small sites
Synonyms: hidden
= Anchusa capellii Moris; Stirp. Sard. Elench. 2: 6 (1828)
= Anchusa crispa var. sardoa Illario; Arch. Bot. (Forlì) 11: 261 (1935)
= Anchusa hybrida subsp. capellii (Moris) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 511 (1881)
= Anchusa littorea Moris; Atti Riunione Sci. Ital. 8: 566 (1847)
= Anchusa sardoa (Illario) Selvi & Bigazzi; Pl. Biosystems 142: 136 (1998)
= Anchusa undulata subsp. capellii (Moris) Vals.; Webbia 30: 57 (1976)
= Lycopsis crispa (Viv.) Bertol.; Fl. Ital. [Bertoloni] 2: 337 (1835)
subspecies :
subsp. maritima (Vals.) Selvi & Bigazzi; Pl. Biosystems 132(2): 136 (1998)
Distribution: Sardinia
12 SAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Anchusa maritima Vals.; Boll. Soc. Sarda Sci. Nat. 26: 311 (1988)
subspecies :
subsp. valincoana Paradis, C.Piazza & Quilichini; Candollea 73(2): 203 (2018)
Distribution: France
12 FRA
species :
Anchusa dinsmorei Rech.f.; Ark. Bot., andra Ser. 1: 512 (1952)
Distribution: Syria
34 SYR
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
species :
Anchusa formosa Selvi, Bigazzi & Bacch.; Pl. Biosystems 131(2): 104 (1997)
Distribution: Sardinia
12 SAR
species :
Anchusa gmelinii Ledeb.; Beitr. Naturk. Ostseeprov. Russlands 1: 62 (1820) ex Spreng., Syst. 1: 562 (1824)
Distribution: Serbia; Romania; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Northern Caucasus
13 ROM SRB 14 MLD RUS UKR 33 NCS
species :
Anchusa hybrida Ten.; Fl. Napol. 1: 45 (1812)
Name: Hybrid-Ochsenzunge (DE); Hybrid Alkanet (EN)
Distribution: Germany [I]; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; Croatia; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread, incl. most islands); Crete; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (NW-coastal Egypt); East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (NW-Syria, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, Judean Desert); Jordania (W-Jordania)
11 ger 12 COR FRA SAR 13 ALB BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MNT NMA PTL SIC SRB TUE 20 ALG EGY LBY TUN 34 CYP EAI ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Anchusa amplexicaulis Sm.; Sibth. & Sm., Fl. Graec. Prodr. [Sibthorp] 1: 116 (1806)
= Anchusa claryi Batt.; Fl. Algérie Tunisie 232 (1905)
= Anchusa crispa Moris; Stirp. Sard. Elench. 3: 9 (1829), nom. illeg.
= Anchusa crispata C.Presl; Fl. Sic. 1: 33 (1826)
= Anchusa granatensis Lange; Pug. Pl. Hispan. 191 (1863), nom. illeg.
= Anchusa hybrida subvar. desertorum Gusul.; Bul. Fac. Sti. Cernauti 1: 262 (1927)
= Anchusa hybrida var. claryi (Batt.) Gusul.; Bul. Fac. Sti. Cernauti 1: 261 (1927)
= Anchusa hybrida var. luschani (Wettst.) Gusul.; Bul. Fac. Sti. Cernauti 1: 95 (1927)
= Anchusa hybrida var. pinardii Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4(1): 152 (1875)
= Anchusa hybrida var. proceroides Gusul.; Bul. Fac. Sti. Cernauti 1: 262 (1927)
= Anchusa hybrida var. pubescens Gusul.; Bul. Fac. Sti. Cernauti 1: 260 (1927)
= Anchusa hybrida var. setigera Halácsy; Consp. Fl. Graec. 2: 325 (1902)
= Anchusa luschanii Wettst. ex Stapf; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 50: 86 (1885)
= Anchusa obliqua Vis.; Sem. Rar. Hort. Patav. (1836)
= Anchusa parnassica Boiss. & Orph.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 2, 3: 134 (1856)
= Anchusa pinardii Boiss.; Pl. Orient. Nov. 2: 8 (1875)
= Anchusa undulata subsp. hybrida (Ten.) Bég.; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 17: 634 (1910)
= Anchusa undulata subsp. vicisoi Valdés ex Lainz; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 38: 531 (1982)
= Anchusa undulata var. hybrida (Ten.) Fiori & Bég.; Fl. Anal. Italia [Fiori, Béguinot & Paoletti] 2: 376 (1902)
= Echioides elongata (Lehm.) Poir.; Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2 [F. Cuvier] 14: 219 (1819)
= Lycopsis elongata Lehm.; Pl. Asperif. Nucif. 264 (1818)
= Nonea elongata (Lehm.) G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 337 (1837)
species :
Anchusa iranica Rech.f. & Esfand.; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 58: 54 (1951)
Distribution: Iran (S-Iran, SW-Iran)
34 IRN
species :
Anchusa konyaensis Yild.; Ot Sist. Bot. Derg. 17(2): 42 (2010)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
variant :
var. selcukensis Yild.; Ot Sist. Bot. Derg. 17(2): 45 (2010)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Anchusa leptophylla Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 4: 90 (1819)
subspecies :
subsp. leptophylla
Distribution: Germany [I]; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Ukraine; Crimea; Georgia [Caucasus]; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia)
11 ger 13 BUL ROM TUE 14 KRY UKR 33 GEO 34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Anchusa leptophylla var. pallidiflora Hub.-Mor.
= Anchusa leptophylla var. sericans Gusul.; Bul. Fac. Sti. Cernauti 1: 91 (1927)
= Anchusa ochroleuca var. canescens Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4(1): 151 (1875)
subspecies :
subsp. incana (Ledeb.) D.F.Chamb.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 35(3): 298 (1977)
Distribution: European Turkey; Turkey
13 TUE 34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Anchusa angustissima K.Koch; Linnaea 22: 633 (1849)
= Anchusa aspera Boiss.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 4, 2: 243 (1854)
= Anchusa boissieri Bornm. & Gusul.; Bul. Fac. Sti. Cernauti 1: 242 (1927)
= Anchusa incana Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 3: 117 (1847)
subspecies :
subsp. tomentosa (Boiss.) D.F.Chamb.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 35: 298 (1977)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Anchusa linearifolia Hochst.; Lorent, Wanderungen 334 (1845)
= Anchusa lorentii A.DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 52 (1846)
= Anchusa tomentosa Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 3: 133 (1856)
species :
Anchusa milleri Lam. ex Spreng.; Bot. Gart. Halle, Nachtr. 1: 11 (1801)
Distribution: Egypt (Eastern Desert, NE-Egypt, NW-coastal Egypt); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (Rift Valley, Judean Desert, S-Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, S-Sinai); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, N-Saudi Arabia, Hejaz, Midyan, Asir, Nejd Desert); Pakistan (Kurram)
20 EGY 34 ISR SIN SYR 35 SAU 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Anchusa ryssosperma Steud. ex A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 88 (1850)
= Lycopsis milleri (Lam. ex Spreng.) Hornem.; Hort. Bot. Hafn. 1: 181 (1813)
species :
Anchusa montelinasana Angius, Pontec. & Selvi; Syst. Biodivers. 6(2): 166 (2008)
Distribution: Sardinia
12 SAR
species :
Anchusa ochroleuca M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 125 (1808)
Name: Gelbe Ochsenzunge (DE)
Distribution: Netherlands [I]; Belgium [I]; Germany [I]; Switzerland [I]; Hungary; France [I]; Italy [I]; Serbia; Kosovo; Romania; Bulgaria; E-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Kazakhstan; Northern Caucasus
11 bgm ger HUN net swi 12 fra 13 BUL ita KOS ROM SRB 14 MLD RUS UKR 32 KAZ 33 NCS
Synonyms: hidden
= Anchusa angustifolia Willd.; Enum. Pl. [Willdenow] 1: 178 (1809)
= Anchusa azurea Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 466 (1866)
= Anchusa canescens Steven ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 3: 118 (1847)
= Anchusa ciliata Schltdl. ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 3: 118 (1847)
= Anchusa exasperata W.C.Clark; F. Galton, Narr. Expl. Trop. S. Afr., ed. 3: 625 (1890)
= Anchusa intermedia Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 466 (1866)
= Anchusa linearifolia d´Urv.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 276 (1822)
= Anchusa ochroleuca subsp. popovii Gusul.; Fl. Republ. Popul. Române 7: 303, 644 (1960)
= Anchusa officinalis M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 124 (1808)
= Anchusa popovii (Gusul.) Dobrocz.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Nizsh. Rast. 1976: 120 (1976 publ. 1977)
= Anchusa sabulosa Steven ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 3: 118 (1847)
= Anchusa undulata Pall.; Reise Russ. Reich. 3: 682 (1776), nom. illeg.
= Anchusa versicolor Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 466 (1866), nom. illeg.
species :
Anchusa officinalis L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 133 (1753)
subspecies :
subsp. officinalis
Name: Gebräuchliche Ochsenzunge, Gewöhnliche Ochsenzunge (DE), Common bugloss (EN)
Distribution: Denmark; Norway [I]; Sweden; Finland [I]; Netherlands; Belgium [I]; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland [I], Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; ?Baleares; France; Channel Isl. [I]; Corsica; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (scattered N- & C-Greece, Evvoia); Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Ukraine; Kazakhstan; Northern Caucasus; Azerbaijan; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, WN-Anatolia); India [I] (Punjab [I]); Australia [I] (New South Wales [I]); Canada [I] (British Columbia [I], Ontario [I]); USA [I] (California [I], Colorado [I], Connecticut [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Massachusetts [I], Maine [I], Michigan [I], Montana [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], South Dakota [I], Utah [I], Washington State [I], Wisconsin [I]); Bolivia [I]; Argentina [I]
10 DEN fin nor SWE 11 AUT bgm CZE GER HUN LIE NET POL SLO SWI 12 cis COR FRA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SRB TUE 14 BLR EST LAT LIT RUS UKR 32 KAZ 33 AZE NCS 34 TUR 40 ind 50 aus 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 83 bol 85 arg
Synonyms: hidden
= Anchusa angustifolia L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 133 (1753)
= Anchusa arvalis Rchb.; Iconogr. Bot. Pl. Crit. 3: 83 (1825)
= Anchusa davidovii Stoj.; Izv. Carsk. Prír. Inst. Sofija 6: 210 (1933)
= Anchusa incarnata Schrad. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 1: 42 (1821)
= Anchusa leptophylla W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv., ed. 2: 573 (1844)
= Anchusa lycopsidis Besser ex Link; Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 166 (1821)
= Anchusa macrocalyx Hausskn.; Mitt. Geogr. Ges. Thüringen (Jena) 571 (1886)
= Anchusa maculata Hornem. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 85 (1840)
= Anchusa microcalyx Vis.; Flora (Regensburg) 12(1. Ergänzungsbl.): 8 (1829)
= Anchusa ochroleuca Baumg.; Enum. Stirp. Transsilv. 1: 120 (1816), nom. illeg.
= Anchusa officinalis subvar. arvalis (Rchb.) Gams; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi, Begr.] 5: 2200 (1927)
= Anchusa officinalis subvar. minor (Gaudin) Gams; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi, Begr.] 5: 2200 (1927)
= Anchusa officinalis f. arvalis (Rchb.) Neuman; Sver. Fl. 181 (1901)
= Anchusa officinalis f. roseiflora H.Post; Bot. Not. 1846: 50 (1846)
= Anchusa officinalis f. undulatifolia Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. 1: 161 (1827)
= Anchusa officinalis subsp. angustifolia (L.) Bjelcic; Posebna Izd. Zemaljsk. Muz. Bosne Hercegovine 2: 50 (1960), nom. inval.
= Anchusa officinalis var. alba Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 352 (1821 publ. 1822)
= Anchusa officinalis var. angustifolia (L.) Lej.; Rev. Fl. Spa 42 (1825)
= Anchusa officinalis var. angustifolia (L.) Pohl; Tent. Fl. Bohem. 1: 178 (1809)
= Anchusa officinalis var. angustifolia Tausch; 233 (1824), nom. illeg.
= Anchusa officinalis var. angustior Hartm.; Handb. Skand. Fl., ed. 2: 60 (1832)
= Anchusa officinalis var. arvalis (Rchb.) Hampe; 15 (1836)
= Anchusa officinalis var. arvalis (Rchb.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 10: 288 (1908)
= Anchusa officinalis var. brachyantha Regel; Index Sem. (St. Petersburg [Petropolitanus]) 1863: 32 (1863)
= Anchusa officinalis var. glabrescens Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. 1: 161 (1827)
= Anchusa officinalis var. hirsuta Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. 1: 161 (1827)
= Anchusa officinalis var. hispida Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. 1: 161 (1827)
= Anchusa officinalis var. incarnata (Schrad.) Steud.; 42 (1821)
= Anchusa officinalis var. incarnata Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 352 (1821 publ. 1822)
= Anchusa officinalis var. macrantha H.Post; Bot. Not. 1844: 124 (1844)
= Anchusa officinalis var. maculata (Hornem.) Rchb.; XXXIII (1833)
= Anchusa officinalis var. minor Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 2: 45 (1828)
= Anchusa officinalis var. undulatifolia Wimm. & Grab.; 161 (1827)
= Anchusa officinalis var. velenovskii Gusul.; Bulu Fac. Sti. Ce-mäuti 1: 103 (1927)
= Anchusa officinalis var. versicolor Tausch; 232 (1824)
= Anchusa osmanica Velen.; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. Prag, Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. 1885: 32 (1885)
= Anchusa pustulata Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 465 (1866)
= Anchusa spicata Lam.; Tabl. Encycl. 1: 402 (1792)
= Anchusa tinctoria Woodv.; Med. Bot., t. 92 (1791), nom. illeg.
= Anchusa velenovskyi (Gusul.) Stoj.; Izv. Tsarsk. Prír. Inst. Sofiya 6: 211 (1933)
= Anchusa velenovskyi var. stojanovii St.Kozhukharov; Fl. Narodna Republ. Bulg. 9: 506 (1989)
= Buglossum angustifolium (L.) Moench; Methodus [Moench] 418 (1794)
= Buglossum aspermum Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 21 (1782), opus utique oppr.
= Buglossum officinale (L.) Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 2: 278 (1779)
subspecies :
subsp. intacta (Griseb.) Selvi & Bigazzi; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 142(4): 435 (2003)
Distribution: Italy; Greece (N-Greece, Thasos, Samothraki); East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos)
13 GRC ITA 34 EAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Anchusa macedonica Velen.; Fl. Bulg. Suppl. 1: 197 (1898) (non Degen & Dörfl. in Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 64: 730 (1897))
= Anchusa moesiaca Velen.; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. Prag, Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. 1893(37): 44 (1894)
= Anchusa officinalis subvar. intacta (Griseb.) Gusul.; Bul. Fac. Sti. Cernauti 1: 102 (1927)
= Anchusa officinalis var. longiflora Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2: 97 (1844)
= Anchusa officinalis var. moesiaca (Velen.) Gusul.; Bul. Fac. Sti. Cernauti 1: 102 (1927)
= Anchusa undulata var. intacta Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2: 97 (1844)
subspecies :
subsp. leucantha (Selvi & Bigazzi) Kit Tan; Phytotaxa 140(1): 37 (2013)
Distribution: Greece (NC-Greece)
13 GRC
Remarks: might deserve species rank fide Strid (2024)
Synonyms: hidden
= Anchusa leucantha Selvi & Bigazzi; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 142(4): 436 (2003), non Willd. ex DC.
= Anchusa officinalis var. ochroleuca Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4(1): 152 (1875)
species :
Anchusa procera Besser ex Link; Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 166 (1821)
Name: Hohe Ochsenzunge (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Bosnia & Hercegovina; North Macedonia; Bulgaria; NE-Greece; European Russia; Northern Caucasus; Azerbaijan
11 ger 13 BIH BUL GRC NMA 14 RUS 33 AZE NCS
Synonyms: hidden
= Anchusa ochroleuca subsp. procera (Besser ex Link) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 510 (1881)
= Anchusa officinalis subsp. procera (Besser ex Link) Lambinon; Nouv. Fl. Belg., ed. 5: 1047 (2004)
= Anchusa procera var. alboprocera Matevski; Fl. Republ. Makedonija 2(1): 132, 175 (2010)
species :
Anchusa pseudoochroleuca Des.-Shost.; Uchen. Zap. Khar´kovsk. Gosud. Univ. Gor´kogo 22: 199 (1941)
Distribution: Romania; Ukraine
13 ROM 14 UKR
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
species :
Anchusa puechii Valdés; Lagascalia 9(2): 239 (1980)
Distribution: S-Spain (Guadalquivir, Guadiana)
12 SPA
species :
Anchusa pusilla Gusul.; Bul. Fac. Sti. Cernauti 1: 109 (1927)
Distribution: European Turkey; NE-Greece; Crimea; Georgia [Caucasus]; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, W-Anatolia)
13 GRC TUE 14 KRY 33 GEO 34 TUR
species :
Anchusa riparia A.DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 43 (1846)
Distribution: South Africa (E-Cape Prov., Free State, Northern Prov.); Lesotho
27 LES SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Anchusa officinalis Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 34 (1794)
= Anchusa dregei A.DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 44 (1846)
species :
Anchusa samothracica Bigazzi & Selvi; Nordic J. Bot. 20(2): 141 (2000)
Distribution: NE-Greece (Samothraki)
13 GRC
species :
Anchusa strigosa Banks & Sol.; Russ., Nat. Hist. Aleppo ed. 2, 2: 246 (1794)
subspecies :
subsp. strigosa
Name: Gestreifte Ochsenzunge (DE); Striped Alkanet (EN)
Distribution: Germany [I]; East Aegaean Isl. (Rhodos); Turkey (E-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Iran (EC-Iran, S-Iran, W-Iran); Cyprus (N-Cyprus, C-Mountains, W-Cyprus, E-Cyprus); Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (Jazira, NW-Syria); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, N-Negev Desert, Judean Desert); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania)
11 ger 34 CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR
Remarks: azurea agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Anchusa echinata Lam.; Encycl. [J. Lamarck et al.] 1: 505 (1783)
= Anchusa strigosa Labill.; Icon. Pl. Syr. 3: 7 (1809), nom. illeg.
= Anchusa strigosa var. decalvata Bég. & A.Vacc.; Atti Reale Ist. Veneto Sci. Lett. Arti 72: 325 (1912)
= Buglossum echinatum (Lam.) Tausch; Flora (Regensburg) 7: 230 (1824)
= Buglossum syriacum Tausch; Flora (Regensburg) 7: 231 (1824)
subspecies :
subsp. macrophylla (Bornm.) Riedl; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 40: 238 (1967)
Distribution: Iraq; Iran
34 IRN IRQ
Synonyms: hidden
= Anchusa italica f. macrophylla (Bornm.) Gusul.; Bul. Fac. Sti. Cernauti 1: 276 (1927)
= Anchusa macrophylla Bornm.; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Vereins N. F. 21: 80 (1906), nom. illeg.
subspecies :
subsp. tonsa Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 28B: 467 (1911)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Anchusa strigosa var. tonsa (Bornm.) Gusul.; Bul. Fac. Sti. Cernauti 1: 277 (1927)
species :
Anchusa stylosa M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 123 (1808)
subspecies :
subsp. stylosa
Distribution: Germany [I]; S-Spain [I]; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (NC-, NE-Greece, Chalkidiki, south to Mt. Pelion); Ukraine; Crimea; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, W-Anatolia)
11 ger 12 spa 13 ALB BUL GRC NMA ROM TUE 14 KRY UKR 34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Anchusa annua Pall. ex A.DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 48 (1846)
= Anchusa hispida Pall. ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 3: 120 (1847), nom. inval.
subspecies :
subsp. spruneri (Boiss.) Selvi & Bigazzi; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 142(4): 447 (2003)
Distribution: Greece (Attiki, Egina, NE-Peloponnisos)
13 GRC
Conservation Status: IUCN I
Synonyms: hidden
= Anchusa spruneri Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 11: 98 (1849)
species :
Anchusa thessala Boiss. & Spruner; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 11: 99 (1849)
Distribution: North Macedonia; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (NC-, N- & NE-Greece, south to Mt. Pelion, also Thasos, Chalkidiki); Crimea; Northern Caucasus; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos)
13 BUL GRC NMA ROM TUE 14 KRY 33 AZE NCS 34 EAI
species :
Anchusa tiberiadis Post; Pl. Post. 4: 9 (1892)
Distribution: Syria (NW-Syria)
34 SYR
Remarks: arvensis agg.
species :
Anchusa undulata L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 133 (1753)
subspecies :
subsp. undulata
Distribution: Portugal; Spain; Baleares; Sardinia; ?Morocco; ?Algeria
12 BAL POR SAR SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Anchusa angustifolia Balb.; Misc. Bot., Alt. 9 (1809), nom. illeg.
= Anchusa angustissima (DC.) Bourg. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 510 (1881)
= Anchusa clavata Viv. ex A.DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 52 (1846)
= Anchusa nonneoides Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 4, 1: 35 (1854)
= Anchusa undulata f. subvelutina (Cout.) Cout.; Fl. Portugal, ed. 2: 589 (1939)
= Anchusa undulata var. angustissima A.DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 44 (1846)
= Anchusa undulata var. barceloi O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 14: 91 (1983)
= Anchusa undulata var. commutata Pau; Bol. Soc. Iber. Ci. Nat. 22: 96 (1923)
= Anchusa undulata var. maritima Vals.; Webbia 30: 55 (1976), nom. illeg.
= Anchusa undulata var. subvelutina Cout.; Bol. Soc. Brot. 21: 148 (1906)
= Buglossum angustifolium All.; Fl. Pedem. 1: 47 (1785)
subspecies :
subsp. granatensis (Boiss.) Valdés; Lagascalia 10: 109 (1981)
Distribution: Portugal; SW-, S- & C-Spain
12 POR SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Anchusa granatensis Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 430 (1841)
= Anchusa granatensis var. horrida Cuatrec.; Treb. Inst. Bot. Barcelona 12: 389 (1929)
= Anchusa hybrida Boiss. ex A.DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 42 (1846), nom. inval.
= Anchusa subglabra A.Caball.; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 5: 509 (1945)
= Anchusa undulata proles granatensis (Boiss.) Samp.; Fl. Portugal, ed. 2, Pires de Lima 532 (1947)
= Anchusa undulata f. subglabra (A.Caball.) E.Rico; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 41(2): 415 (1984 publ. 1985)
= Anchusa undulata subsp. hybrida Cout.; Fl. Portugal 495 (1913), nom. illeg.
= Anchusa undulata subsp. viciosoi Laínz; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 38: 531 (1981 publ. 1982)
= Anchusa undulata subsp. viciosoi Valdés; Lagascalia 10(1): 108 (1981)
= Anchusa undulata var. granatensis (Boiss.) Cout.; Bol. Soc. Brot. 21: 150 (1906)
= Anchusa undulata var. hybrida Cout.; Bol. Soc. Brot. 21: 149 (1906)
subspecies :
subsp. lamprocarpa Braun-Blanq. & Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 16: 36 (1925)
Distribution: Morocco; ?Algeria
20 MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Anchusa undulata var. macrotricha Faure & Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 27: 250 (1936)
subspecies :
subsp. sartorii (Heldr. ex Gusul.) Selvi & Bigazzi; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 142(4): 444 (2003)
Distribution: Greece (Attiki)
13 GRC
Conservation Status: IUCN R
Synonyms: hidden
= Anchusa macrosyrinx Rech.f.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 107: 471 (1960)
= Anchusa sartorii Gusul.; Bul. Fac. Sti. Cernauti 1: 96 (1927)
= Anchusa undulata var. maritima Halácsy; Consp. Fl. Graec. 2: 326 (1902)
species :
Anchusa ×digenea Gusul.; Bul. Fac. Sti. Cernauti 1: 104 (1927)
Distribution: European Turkey; Turkey (NW-Anatolia: Bithynia)
13 TUE 34 TUR
Remarks: Anchusa officinalis x undulata ssp. hybrida
species :
Anchusa ×thirkeana Gusul.; Bul. Fac. Sti. Cernauti 1: 263 (1927)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
Remarks: Anchusa leptophylla x A. undulata ssp. hybrida
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.01 (January 2nd, 2025)

Covering 355,836 accepted species,
8,748 hybrids, 47,863 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,001,920 synonyms,
in total 1,418,260* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life