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Ver. 25.03
Mar. 6th, 2025

521.0000 Family Orobanchaceae Vent.; Tabl. Regn. Vég. 2: 292 (1799), nom. cons.
95 genera, ca. 2150 spp. Phylogeny: McNeal et al. 2013, Pinto-Carrasco et al. 2017, Nickrent (2020)
Species listed in database: 2203; hybrids: 77
= Aeginetiaceae Livera; Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Peradeniya) 10: 153 (1927)
= Buchneraceae Lilja; Skånes Fl., ed. 2: 979 (1870)
= Cyclocheilaceae Marais; Kew Bull. 35: 805 (1981)
= Euphrasiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 239 (1820)
= Lindenbergiaceae Doweld; Tent. Syst. Pl. Vasc.: xlix (2001)
= Melampyraceae Rich. ex Hook. & Lindl.; Hook., Fl. Scot. 2: 213 (1821)
= Nesogenaceae Marais; Kew Bull. 35: 798 (1981)
= Pedicularidaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 99 (1789)
= Phelypaeaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat. 73 (1834)
= Rhinanthaceae Vent.; Tabl. Regn. Vég. 2: 295 (1799)
521.0973 Genus Alectra Thunb.; Nov. Gen. Pl. [Thunberg] 81 (1784)
Distribution: Tropical (31) and South Africa, trop. Asia (few). Species circumscription somewhat uncertain.
Species listed in database: 34
= Glossostylis Cham. & Schltdl.; Linnaea 3: 22 (1828)
= Hymenospermum Benth.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 3963 (1831)
= Starbia Thouars; Gen. Nov. Madagasc. 7 (1806)
= Pseudorobanche Rouy; Rev. Gén. Bot. 21: 204 (1909), nomen
species :
Alectra alectroides (S.Moore) Melch.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 15: 125 (1940)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Melasma alectroides S.Moore; J. Bot. 67(Suppl. 2): 118 (1929)
species :
Alectra asperrima Hochst. ex Benth.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 10: 340 (1846)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Somalia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe
24 ETH SOM 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 MLW ZAM ZIM
Synonyms: hidden
= Melasma asperrimum (Benth.) Engl.; Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C 358 (1895)
= Glossostylis asperrima Hochst. ex Benth.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 10: 340 (1846)
species :
Alectra atrosanguinea (Hiern) Hemsl.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(2): 364 (1906)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Melasma atrosanguineum Hiern; Cat. Afr. Pl. [Hiern] 1: 769 (1898)
species :
Alectra aurantiaca Hemsl.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(2): 370 (1906)
Distribution: Angola; Zambia; Namibia
26 ANG ZAM 27 NAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Alectra omurambensis Dinter ex Melch.
= Bopusia scabra Hiern; (1898) non (L.f.) C. Presl 1844
species :
Alectra avensis (Benth.) Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 12( 2): 109 (1917)
Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan); Taiwan; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Mizoram, West Bengal); Myanmar; Thailand; Vietnam; Philippines; Java
36 CHI 38 TAI 40 BHU IND NEP 41 MYA THA VIE 42 JAW PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Alectra dentata (Benth.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 458 (1891)
= Alectra indica Benth.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 10: 339 (1846), nom. superfl.
= Glossostylis avensis Benth.; Scroph. Ind. 49 (1835)
= Melasma avense (Benth.) Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7(4): 843 (1936)
= Melasma avense (Benth.) Pennell; Monogr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 5 (Scroph. W. Himal.) 92 (1943), isonym
= Melasma indicum (Benth.) Wettst.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 3b: 91 (1891)
= Micrargeria formosana (Hayata) Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 5: 126 (1915)
= Sopubia formosana Hayata; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 25(19): 175-176 (1908)
species :
Alectra bainesii Hemsl.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(2): 365 (1906)
Distribution: Zimbabwe; Botswana
26 ZIM 27 BOT
species :
Alectra basserei Berhaut; Fl. Senegal, ed. 2, 428 (1967)
Distribution: Senegal; Mali
22 MLI SEN
species :
Alectra basutica (E.Phillips) Melch.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 15: 125 (1940)
Distribution: South Africa (Free State, KwaZulu-Natal); Lesotho
27 LES SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Melasma basuticum E.Phillips; Ann. S. African Mus. 16: 225 (1917)
species :
Alectra capensis Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 97 (1800)
Distribution: South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; Eswatini [Swaziland]
27 LES SAF SWZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Alectra major E.Mey.; Zwei Pflanzengeogr. Docum. [Drège] 163 (1843), nom. inval.
= Alectra minor E.Mey.; Zwei Pflanzengeogr. Docum. [Drège] 163 (1843), nom. inval.
= Gerardia orobanchoides Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2: 690 (1788)
= Melasma capensis (Thunb.) Hiern; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 4(2): 373 (1904)
species :
Alectra dolichocalyx Philcox; Bol. Soc. Brot. 60: 269 (1987)
Distribution: Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Zambia
25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ZAM
species :
Alectra dunensis Hilliard & B.L.Burtt; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37(2): 309 (1979)
Distribution: Mozambique; South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal); Eswatini [Swaziland]
26 MOZ 27 SAF SWZ
species :
Alectra fruticosa Eb.Fisch.; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia, Sér. 4, 18(1-2): 58 (1996)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Alectra glandulosa Philcox; Bol. Soc. Brot. 60: 269 (1987)
Distribution: Gabon; Tanzania; Zambia
23 GAB 25 TAN 26 ZAM
species :
Alectra gracilis S.Moore; J. Bot. 57: 216 (1919)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
species :
Alectra hildebrandtii Eb.Fisch.; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia, Sér. 4, 18(1-2): 55 (1996)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Alectra perrieri Bonati; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 74: 96 (1927) (nomen)
species :
Alectra hirsuta Klotzsch; Naturw. Reise Mossambique [Peters] 6(Bot. 1): 221 (1861)
Distribution: Angola; Mozambique
26 ANG MOZ
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
species :
Alectra humbertii Eb.Fisch.; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia, Sér. 4, 18(1-2): 56 (1996)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Alectra lancifolia Hemsl.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(2): 367 (1906)
Distribution: Angola; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (?)
26 ANG 27 BOT NAM SAF
species :
Alectra linearis Hepper; Kew Bull. 14: 402 (1960)
Distribution: Ivory Coast; Ghana; Nigeria; S-Chad
22 GHA IVO NGA 24 CHA
species :
Alectra lurida Harv.; Gen. S. Afr. Pl. 250 (1838)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Melasma luridum (Harv.) Hiern; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 4(2): 376 (1904)
species :
Alectra natalensis (Hiern) Melch.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 15: 126 (1940)
Distribution: South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Melasma natalense Hiern; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 4(2): 377 (1904)
species :
Alectra orobanchoides Benth.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 10: 340 (1846)
Distribution: Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; Eswatini [Swaziland]
25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT LES NAM SAF SWZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Alectra heyniae (Dinter) Dinter; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 84 (1917)
= Alectra kilimandjarica Hemsl.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(2): 365 (1906)
= Alectra kirkii Hemsl.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(2): 366 (1906)
= Alectra parviflora (Engl.) Schinz; Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 31: 195 (1889 publ. 1890)
= Alectra welwitschii (Hiern) Hemsl.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(2): 364 (1906)
= Celsia parvifolia Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 10(3): 252 (1888), sphalm.
= Harveya parviflora Hook. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 723 (1840)
= Melasma orobanchoides (Benth.) Engl.; Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C 359 (1895)
= Melasma parviflorum (E.Mey. ex Steud.) K.Schum.; Just´s Bot. Jahresber. 26(1): 394 (1900)
= Melasma welwitschii Hiern; Cat. Afr. Pl. [Hiern] 1: 769 (1898)
= Nigrina orobanchoides (Benth.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 237 (1898)
= Orobanche heyniae Dinter; Deut. Südw. Afrik. 122 (1909)
= Orobanche parviflora E.Mey. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 723, in syn. (1840)
= Pseudorobanche dregeana Rouy; Rev. Gén. Bot. 21: 204 (1909)
species :
Alectra parasitica Hochst. ex A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 117 (1850)
subspecies :
subsp. parasitica
Distribution: Cameroon; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Somalia; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Saudi Arabia (Asir); Yemen (Aden Desert); India (Maharashtra)
23 CMN 24 ERI ETH SOM 26 MLW ZAM ZIM 35 SAU YEM 40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Glossostylis parasitica Hochst. ex A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 117 (1850)
= Melasma parasitica (A.Rich.) M.R.Almeida; Fl. Maharashtra 3B: 411 (2001)
subspecies :
subsp. chitrakutensis (M.A.Rau) K.K.Khanna & An.Kumar; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 31(2): 537 (2007)
Distribution: India (Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Alectra chitrakutensis (M.A.Rau) R.Prasad & R.D.Dixit; Singh, Rural Reconstruct., Ecosyst. Forest. 187 (1993)
= Alectra parasitica var. chitrakutensis M.A.Rau; Bull. Bot. Surv. India 3(1): 25 (1961)
species :
Alectra picta (Hiern) Hemsl.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(2): 368 (1906)
Distribution: Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; NE-Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga)
25 KEN TAN 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Melasma pictum Hiern; Cat. Afr. Pl. [Hiern] 1: 770 (1898)
species :
Alectra pseudobarleriae (Dinter) Dinter ex Melch.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 15: 458 (1941), descr. ampl.
Distribution: Namibia; Botswana
27 BOT NAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Alectra pseudobarleriae Dinter; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 85 (1917)
= Orobanche pseudobarleriae Dinter; Deut. Südw. Afrik. 122 (1909)
species :
Alectra pubescens Philcox; Bol. Soc. Brot. 60: 269 (1987)
Distribution: N-Zambia
26 ZAM
species :
Alectra pumila Benth.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 10: 340 (1846)
Distribution: Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, Gauteng, Mpulamanga?, Free State, N-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho
27 BOT LES SAF
species :
Alectra rigida (Hiern) Hemsl.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(2): 369 (1906)
Distribution: Senegal; Mali; Congo [Brazzaville]; Ethiopia; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe
22 MLI SEN 23 CON 24 ETH 25 TAN 26 ANG MLW ZAM ZIM
Synonyms: hidden
= Melasma rigidum Hiern; Cat. Afr. Pl. [Hiern] 1: 767 (1898)
species :
Alectra schoenfelderi Dinter & Melch.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 15: 435, 458 (1941)
Distribution: NE-Namibia
27 NAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Alectra pusilla E.Phillips; J. S. African Bot. 16: 22 (1950)
species :
Alectra sessiliflora (Vahl) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 458 (1891)
Distribution: S-Chad; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; Eswatini [Swaziland]; Madagascar; Yemen (W-Yemen); India (Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Uttarakhand); Bangladesh
24 CHA 25 KEN TAN 26 ANG MLW ZAM ZIM 27 BOT LES SAF SWZ 29 MDG 35 YEM 40 BAN IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Alectra aberdarica Chiov.; Racc. Bot. 90 (1935)
= Alectra arabica Deflers; Voyage Yemen 179 (1889)
= Alectra barbata (Hiern) Melch.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 15: 125 (1940)
= Alectra communis Hemsl.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(2): 372 (1906)
= Alectra hundtii Melch.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 15: 436 (1941)
= Alectra ibityensis Eb.Fisch.; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia, Sér. 4, 18(1-2): 56 (1996)
= Alectra ledermannii Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 57: 612 (1922)
= Alectra melampyroides Benth.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 10: 339 (1846), nom. superfl.
= Alectra rupestris Bonati; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 74: 96 (1927), nomen
= Alectra schliebenii Melch.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 15: 441 (1941)
= Alectra senegalensis var. pallescens Bonati; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 74: 96 (1927)
= Alectra sessiliflora f. barbata (Hiern) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 43(3): 375 (1986)
= Alectra thomsonii Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 4: 297 (1884)
= Alectra trinervis Hemsl.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(2): 370 (1906)
= Bartsia scabra (Thunb.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 2: 773 (1825)
= Gerardia sessiliflora Vahl; Symb. Bot. [Vahl] 3: 79 (1794)
= Glossostylis capensis (Thunb.) Benth.; Scroph. Ind. 50 (1835)
= Hymenospermum dentatum Benth.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 3963 (1831), nomen
= Melasma barbatum Hiern; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 4(2): 374 (1904)
= Melasma indicum var. monticola Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 30: 402 (1901)
= Melasma sessiliflorum (Vahl) Hiern; Cat. Afr. Pl. [Hiern] 1: 767 (1898)
= Melasma thomsonii (Hook.f.) Wettst. ex Engl. & Prantl; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 3b: 91 (1891)
= Nigrina melampyrodes Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 237 (1898), nom. superfl.
= Nigrina sessiliflora (Vahl) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 237 (1898)
= Rhinanthus scaber Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 98 (1800)
= Starbia madagascariensis Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 632 (1840)
variant :
var. monticola (Engl.) Melch.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 15: 126 (1940)
Distribution: Senegal; Guinea-Bissau; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Ghana; Togo; Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Principe Isl.; Annobon Isl.; Gabon; Equatorial Guinea; Congo [Brazzaville]; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Chad; Zambia; Zimbabwe; Mauritius; La Réunion; Rodrigues
22 GHA GNB LBR NGA SEN SIE TOG 23 ANN BIO CMN CON EQG GAB PRI ZAI 24 CHA 26 ZAM ZIM 29 MAU REU ROD
Synonyms: hidden
= Alectra congolensis Troupin; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 19: 277 (1949)
= Alectra moeroensis Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 57: 613 (1922)
= Melasma commune (Hemsl.) Eyles; Trans. Roy. Soc. South Africa 5: 473 (1916)
= Melasma dentatum (Benth.) K.Schum.; Just´s Bot. Jahresber. 26(1): 394 (1898)
variant :
var. senegalensis (Benth.) Hepper; Kew Bull. 14: 405 (1960)
Distribution: Senegal; Gambia; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Mali; Ivory Coast; Togo; Benin; Cameroon; Central African Republic; Sudan; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia; Botswana; Yemen (W-Yemen)
22 BEN GAM GNB GUI IVO MLI SEN TOG 23 CAF CMN 24 ERI ETH SSU SUD 26 MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT NAM 35 YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Alectra cordata Benth.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 10: 339 (1846)
= Alectra senegalensis Benth.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 10: 339 (1846)
= Alectra senegalensis var. minima A.Chev.; Explor. Bot. Afrique Occ. Franç. 1: 475 (1920)
= Glossostylis cordata (Benth.) Hochst. ex A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 116 (1850)
= Melasma cordatum (Benth.) Engl.; Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C 358 (1895)
species :
Alectra stolzii Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 57: 612 (1922)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
species :
Alectra thyrsoidea Melch.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 15: 431 (1941)
Distribution: South Africa (Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
species :
Alectra virgata Hemsl.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(2): 369 (1906)
Distribution: Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Togo; Benin; Nigeria; etc.
22 BEN GNB GUI NGA TOG
Synonyms: hidden
= Alectra paludosa A.Chev.; Fl. W. Trop. Afr. [Hutchinson & Dalziel] 2: 223 (1931)
= Alectra rigida subsp. paludosa (A.Chev.) Hepper
species :
Alectra vogelii Benth.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 10: 339 (1846)
Distribution: Guinea; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ghana; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal?); Eswatini [Swaziland]
22 BEN BKN GHA GUI MLI NGA 23 CAF CMN CON ZAI 24 ETH 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT SAF SWZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Alectra angustifolia Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 57: 613 (1922)
= Alectra arachidis (A.Chev.) A.Chev.; Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 16: 688 (1936)
= Alectra hippocrepandra (Hiern) Hemsl.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(2): 367 (1906)
= Alectra merkeri Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 57: 614 (1922)
= Alectra scharensis Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 57: 613 (1922)
= Alectra senegalensis var. arachidis A.Chev.; Explor. Bot. Afrique Occ. Franç. 1: 475 (1920)
= Melasma hippocrepandrum Hiern; Cat. Afr. Pl. [Hiern] 1: 768 (1898)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.03 (March 6th, 2025)

Covering 356,112 accepted species,
8,776 hybrids, 48,085 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,454 synonyms,
in total 1,415,427* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

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Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

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With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

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