382.0000 Family Caryophyllaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. 299 (1789), nom. cons.

102 genera, ca. 3250 spp. Higher systematics: Xue et al. (2023)

Species listed in database: 3334; hybrids: 59

382.0830 Genus Dianthus L.; Sp. Pl. 409 (1753)

Distribution: Eurasia (mostly Southern Europe: over 150), Africa, Russia (ca. 100, from European part to Far East). There are significant species delimitation problems in S- and SE-Europe based on many local, weakly separated species and rampant hybridization, leading also to oversplitting in many cases.

Species listed in database: 361; hybrids: 19

species :

Dianthus acantholimonoides Schischk.; Bull. Mus. Georgie 5: 121 (1928 publ. 1930)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]

33 GEO NCS

species :

Dianthus acicularis Fisch. ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 1: 284 (1842)

Distribution: E-European Russia; Siberia (W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; China (N-Xinjiang)

14 RUS 30 SIB 32 KAZ 36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus tauscheri Eversm. ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 1: 284 (1842)

species :

Dianthus acrochlorus Stapf; Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien Math.-Nat. Kl. 51: 350 (1886)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Dianthus aculeatus Hamzaoglu; Biol. Diversity Conservation 7(2): 160 (2014)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Dianthus afghanicus Rech.f.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 75: 360 (1951)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Kabul, Kunar / Nuristan, Laghman, Logar, Nangarhar, Paktia / Khost, Parwan); Pakistan (N. W. Frontier Prov.)

34 AFG 40 PAK

species :

Dianthus agrostolepis Rech.f.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 142: 246 (1983)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Azerbaijan (Talysh); Iran (N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan)

33 AZE NCS 34 IRN

species :

Dianthus akdaghensis Gemici & Leblebici; Candollea 50(1): 43 (1995)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Dianthus albens (Sol. ex) Aiton; Hort. Kew. ed. 1, 2: 90 (1789)

Distribution: South Africa (N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus incurvus Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 1: 81 (1794)

species :

Dianthus algetanus Graells ex F.N.Williams; J. Bot. 23: 347 (1885)

subspecies :

subsp. algetanus

Distribution: Spain (Castilla la Nueva, La Mancha)

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus costae subsp. algetanus (Graells ex Williams) M.Laínz, Muñoz Garm. & Soriano; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 43(2): 473 (1986 publ. 1987)

= Dianthus algetanus var. toletanorum Pau; Cavanillesia 1: 63 (1928)

subspecies :

subsp. costae (Willk.) Romo; Fl. Veg. Montsec (Pre-Pirineus Catalans): 98 (1989)

Distribution: NE-Spain

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus ciliatus Costa; Introd. Fl. Cataluña 36 (1864), nom. illeg.

= Dianthus costae Willk.; Willk. & Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 3: 683 (1878)

= Dianthus marianii Sennen; Diagn. Nouv. 32 (1936)

= Dianthus multiceps var. decalepis F.N.Williams; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 29: 44 (1893)

= Dianthus pyrenaicus subsp. costae (Willk.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; But. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat., 38 Bot., 187 (1974)

subspecies :

subsp. turolensis (Pau) M.Bernal, M.Laínz & Muñoz Garm.; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 45(2): 575 (1988 publ. 1989)

Distribution: Spain (S de Sistema Iberico)

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus algetanus var. turolensis (Pau) Pau; Bortéria, Sér. Bot. 22: 111 (1926)

= Dianthus costae subsp. turolensis (Pau) M.Laínz & Muñoz Garm.; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 43(2): 473 (1986 publ. 1987)

= Dianthus requienii Pau; Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 21: 142 (1921)

= Dianthus seguieri var. pygmaeus Willk.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 41: 86 (1891)

= Dianthus turolensis Pau; Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 21: 142, descr. (1921)

species :

Dianthus alpinus L.; Sp. Pl. 412 (1753)

Name: Alpen-Nelke

Distribution: Austria; NE-Italy; Slovenia (E-Alps)

11 AUT 13 ITA SLV

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus alpinus lusus angustifolius Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(II): 530 (1862)

= Dianthus alpinus lusus latifolius Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(II): 530 (1862)

= Dianthus alpinus var. meyeri Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(II): 530 (1862)

species :

Dianthus altaicus L.X.Dong & Chang Y.Yang; Acta Bot. Boreal.-Occid. Sin. 28(11): 2355 (2008), nom. illeg. (homonym)

Distribution: China (Xinjiang)

36 CHI

species :

Dianthus anatolicus Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1: 22 (1843)

Distribution: European Turkey; Armenia; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Chios); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); ?Tibet; Pakistan (?Waziristan, Chitral, Gilgit, Deosai, Astor, Dras); NW-India (Zanskar, Jammu & Kashmir)

13 TUE 33 ARM 34 EAI IRQ TUR 40 IND PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus anatolicus var. parviflorus (Boiss.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 490 (1867)

= Dianthus kotschyanus Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: 68 (1849)

= Dianthus parviflorus Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1: 21 (1843)

variant :

var. afyonensis Ugurlu, M.Koch & Dönmez; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 58(1-3): 21 (2020)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Dianthus ancyrensis Hausskn. & Bornm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 89 1: 94, t. 6, f. 1 (1936)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Dianthus andronakii Woronow ex Schischk.; Fl. URSS 6: 841 (1936)

Distribution: Turkey (NE-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Remarks: monadelphus agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus tristis Woronow; Monit. Jard. Bot. Tiflis 10: 25 (1908) (non Velen. (1889))

species :

Dianthus androsaceus (Boiss. & Heldr.) Hayek; Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Denkschr. 94: 141 (1917)

Distribution: S-Greece (NW-Peloponnisos, Mt. Killini, Mt. Taygetos)

13 GRC

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus lilacinus var. androsaceus Boiss. & Heldr.; Boiss., Fl. Orient. [Boissier] Suppl. 81 (1888)

species :

Dianthus angolensis Hiern ex F.N.Williams; J. Bot. 24: 301 (1886)

Distribution: SE-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Angola; Zambia

23 ZAI 26 ANG ZAM

species :

Dianthus angrenicus Vved.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Uzbekistansk. Fil. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 3: 9 (1941)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan

32 KAZ KGZ UZB

species :

Dianthus angulatus Royle; Illustr. Bot. Himal. 79 (1835)

subspecies :

subsp. angulatus

Distribution: Afghanistan (Badakshan, Kunar / Nuristan); Pakistan (Chitral, Hazara, Gilgit); NW-India (Zanskar, Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand)

34 AFG 40 IND PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus orientalis var. angulatus (Royle ex Benth.) Majumdar; B. D. Sharma & N. P. Balakr. et al., Fl. India 2: 532 (1993)

= Dianthus incertus Jacquem. ex Edgew. & Hook.f.; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 1: 215 (1874)

subspecies :

subsp. subangulatus Rech.f.; Fl. Iran, 163: 183 (1988)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Kunar / Nuristan, Laghman); Pakistan

34 AFG 40 PAK

species :

Dianthus antalyensis Fassou, N.Korotkova, Dimop. & Borsch; PhytoKeys 196: 112, figs. 1-2, 4 (2022), nom. nov.

Distribution: Turkey (SSW-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Velezia tunicoides P.H.Davis; Not. Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 22: 166, t. 10 (1957)

species :

Dianthus anticarius Boiss. & Reut.; Pugillus Pl. Afr. Dor. Hispan. 19 (1852)

subspecies :

subsp. anticarius

Distribution: S-Spain

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus cintranus subsp. anticarius (Boiss. & Reut.) Malag.

= Dianthus gaditanus Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 2, 1: 67 (1854)

= Dianthus gaditanus subsp. hispanicus (F.N.Williams) Maire; Fl. Afrique N. 10: 309 (1963)

= Dianthus gaditanus var. hispanicus F.N.Williams; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 29: 423 (1893), nom. illeg.

= Dianthus hornemannii Salzm. ex Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 2, 1: 67 (1854)

= Dianthus requienii var. baeticus Pau; Not. Bot. Fl. Españ. 4: 23 (1891)

= Dianthus schousboei Coss. ex Ball; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 355 (1877)

= Dianthus serrulatus var. gaditanus (Boiss.) Pau; Mem. Real Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 288 (1924)

subspecies :

subsp. atrosanguineus (Emb. & Maire) Valdés & Mateos; Lagascalia 29: 157 (2009)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus cintranus subsp. atrosanguineus (Emb. & Maire) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 12: 186 (1982)

= Dianthus gaditanus subsp. atrosanguineus Emb. & Maire; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 21-22: 26 (1930)

subspecies :

subsp. jahandiezii (Maire) Valdés & Mateos; Lagascalia 29: 157 (2009)

Distribution: Morocco; Algeria

20 ALG MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus cintranus subsp. jahandiezii (Maire) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 12: 186 (1982)

= Dianthus gaditanus subsp. jahandiezii Maire; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 15: 17 (1927)

subspecies :

subsp. maroccanus (F.N.Williams) Valdés & Mateos; Lagascalia 29: 157 (2009)

Distribution: Morocco; Algeria

20 ALG MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus cintranus subsp. maroccanus (F.N.Williams) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 12: 186 (1982)

= Dianthus gaditanus subsp. maroccanus (F.N.Williams) Maire; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 15: 17 (1927)

= Dianthus gaditanus var. maroccanus F.N.Williams; J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 29: 423 (1893)

= Dianthus gaditanus var. rifeus Pau & Sennen; [nomen]

subspecies :

subsp. mauritanicus (Pomel) Valdés & Mateos; Lagascalia 29: 157 (2009)

Distribution: Morocco; Algeria

20 ALG MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus cintranus subsp. mauritanicus (Pomel) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 12: 186 (1982)

= Dianthus gaditanus subsp. mauritanicus (Pomel) Maire; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 21-22: 26 (1930)

= Dianthus mauritanicus Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 333 (1875)

= Dianthus serrulatus subsp. mauritanicus (Pomel) Batt.; Batt. & Trab., Fl. Algérie, Dicot. 145 (1888)

subspecies :

subsp. mentagensis (Maire) Valdés & Mateos; Lagascalia 29: 157 (2009)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus cintranus subsp. mentagensis (Maire) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 12: 186 (1982)

= Dianthus gaditanus subsp. mentagensis Maire; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 23: 168 (1932)

subspecies :

subsp. occidentalis (Quézel) Valdés & Mateos; Lagascalia 29: 157 (2009)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus cintranus subsp. occidentalis (Quézel) Mathez; Willdenowia 13: 280 (1984)

= Dianthus gaditanus subsp. occidentalis Quézel; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 44: 197 (1953)

subspecies :

subsp. saorinii Sánchez-Gómez, M.L.Rodr., López Esp., J.B.Vera & J.F.Jiménez; Anales Biol., Fac. Biol., Univ. Murcia 27: 101 (2005)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

subspecies :

subsp. subbaeticus (Fern.Casas) Rivas Mart., A.Asensi, Molero Mesa & F.Valle; Rivasgodaya 6: 28 (1991)

Distribution: S-Spain

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus broteri subsp. subbaeticus (Fern.Casas) Fern.Casas, M.Laínz & Muñoz Garm.; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 44(2): 573 (1987)

= Dianthus subbaeticus Fern.Casas; Fontqueria 3: 36 (1983)

species :

Dianthus arenarius L.; Sp. Pl. 412 (1753)

subspecies :

subsp. arenarius

Name: Sand pink

Distribution: Sweden; Estonia; Latvia; Belarus

10 SWE 14 BLR EST LAT

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus arenarius var. glaucus Blocki; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 34: 72 (1884)

= Dianthus uniflorus Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 2: 162 (1782), opus utique oppr.

= Silene arenaria (L.) E.H.L.Krause; Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild., ed. 2, 5: 115 (1901), nom. illeg.

subspecies :

subsp. borussicus F.Vierh.; Exsicc. (Fl. Austro-Hung.) 9: 15 (1902)

Name: Preußische Sand-Nelke (DE)

Distribution: Sweden; Finland; Germany (Brandenburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Rheinland-Pfalz [I]); Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Hungary; Romania; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Siberia (W-Siberia)

10 FIN SWE 11 AUT CZE GER HUN POL 13 ROM 14 EST LAT LIT 30 SIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus arenarius subsp. bohemicus (Novák) O.Schwartz; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges. 1: 99 (1949)

= Dianthus arenarius subsp. gigas (Novák) Soó; Feddes Repert. 83(3): 161 (1972)

= Dianthus arenarius var. bohemicus Novák; Vestn. Král. Ceské Spolecn. Nauk. Tr. Mat.-Prír. 8: 23 (1915)

= Dianthus arenarius var. gigas Novák

= Dianthus borussicus F.Vierh.; 410, 412 (1901), nom. inval.

= Dianthus krylovianus Juz.; Notul. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS 13: 71 (1950)

= Dianthus novakii J.Sojak; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prir. 148: 77 (1979 publ. 1980), nom. illeg.

= Dianthus serotinus f. longicalyx Zapal.; Consp. Fl. Galic. Crit. 3: 78 (1911)

= Dianthus serotinus f. virgiformis Zapal.; Consp. Fl. Galic. Crit. 3: 78 (1911)

= Dianthus serotinus var. borussicus (F.Vierh.) Zapal.; Consp. Fl. Galic. Crit. 3: 78 (1911)

subspecies :

subsp. pseudoserotinus (Blocki) Tutin; Feddes Repert. 68: 190 (1963)

Distribution: Ukraine

14 UKR

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus pseudoserotinus Blocki; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 35: 329 (1885)

= Dianthus serotinus var. pseudoserotinus (Blocki) Zapal.; Consp. Fl. Galic. Crit. 3: 150 (1911)

subspecies :

subsp. pseudosquarrosus (Novák) Kleopow; Izv. Kievsk. Bot. Sada 12-13: 35 (1931)

Distribution: Belarus; Ukraine

14 BLR UKR

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus pseudosquarrosus (Novák) Klokov; Fl. URSR 4: 639 (1952)

= Dianthus arenarius f. pseudosquarrosus Novák; Mem. Soc. Sci. De Bohem 1: 9 (1925)

species :

Dianthus aridus Griseb. ex Janka; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 23: 196 (1873)

Distribution: S-Bulgaria; NE-Greece

13 BUL GRC

species :

Dianthus aristatus Boiss.; Tchihatch., Asie Min., Bot. 1: 222 (1860)

Distribution: Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (Anatolia)

33 ARM AZE 34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus zonatus var. aristatus (Boiss.) Reeve; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 28: 21 (1967)

= Dianthus preobrazhenskii Klokov; Trudy Sil´s´ko-Gosp. Bot. 1(3): 170 (1927)

species :

Dianthus armeria L.; Sp. Pl. 410 (1753)

Name: Raue Nelke (DE), Deptford pink (EN)

Distribution: England; Denmark; Sweden; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin [I], Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg [I], Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; ?Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; France; Channel Isl.; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; San Marino [I]; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (mountains of NW-, N- & NE-Greece, south to Mt. Pelion); Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Russian Far East [I] (Primorye [I]); Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (Talysh); Turkey (N-Anatolia); Iran (N-Iran); Australia [I] (New South Wales [I], Victoria [I]); New Zealand [I]; Hawaii [I] (Hawaii Isl. [I]); Canada [I] (Alberta [I], British Columbia [I], New Brunswick [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Prince Edward Isl. [I], Quebec [I]); USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arizona [I], Arkansas [I], California [I], Colorado [I], Connecticut [I], Delaware [I], Florida [I], Georgia [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Iowa [I], Kansas [I], Kentucky [I], Maine [I], Maryland [I], Massachusetts [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Mississippi [I], Missouri [I], Montana [I], Nebraska [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New Mexico [I], New York [I], North Carolina [I], Ohio [I], Oklahoma [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], South Carolina [I], South Dakota [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Vermont [I], Virginia [I], Washington [I], West Virginia [I], Wisconsin [I], Wyoming [I]); Colombia [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Araucanía [I])

10 DEN GRB SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO CIS COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV sma SRB TUE 14 BLR KRY LIT MLD RUS UKR 31 rfe 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR 50 aus 51 nzl 63 haw 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 82 clm 85 arg cle

Synonyms: hidden

= Caryophyllus armerius (L.) Moench; Methodus [Moench] 59 (1794)

= Cylichnanthus maculatus Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyr. 261 (1867)

= Dianthus armeria f. acaulis Bolzon; Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1911: 56 (1911)

= Dianthus armeria f. alba Stritch; Castanea, et Castanea 47(2): 220 (1982), exact type not cited, et 48(1): 58 (1983), with type

= Dianthus armeria f. albiviridis J.H.Lehr; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 90: 207 (1963)

= Dianthus armeria f. caespitosa Bolzon; Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1911: 56 (1911)

= Dianthus armeria f. glabrissimus Sigunov; Glasn. Prir. Muz. Beogradu, C 10: 23 (1977)

= Dianthus armeria f. latiusculus Zapal.; Consp. Fl. Galic. Crit. 3: 681 (1911)

= Dianthus armeria f. niepolomicensis Zapal.; Consp. Fl. Galic. Crit. 3: 681 (1911)

= Dianthus armeria f. platyphyllus Zapal.; Consp. Fl. Galic. Crit. 3: 680 (1911)

= Dianthus armeria f. pluriceps Zapal.; Consp. Fl. Galic. Crit. 3: 680 (1911)

= Dianthus armeria f. polycephalus Zapal.; Consp. Fl. Galic. Crit. 3: 681 (1911)

= Dianthus armeria f. sparsiflorus Zapal.; Consp. Fl. Galic. Crit. 3: 680 (1911)

= Dianthus armeria f. subacaulis (Schur) Zapal.; Consp. Fl. Galic. Crit. 3: 681 (1911)

= Dianthus armeria f. subglaber Zapal.; Consp. Fl. Galic. Crit. 3: 680 (1911)

= Dianthus armeria f. tenuis Zapal.; Consp. Fl. Galic. Crit. 3: 680 (1911)

= Dianthus armeria var. diversiformis Zapal.; Consp. Fl. Galic. Crit. 3: 681 (1911)

= Dianthus armeria var. glabratus Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 168 (1896)

= Dianthus armeria var. grandilimbis Zapal.; Consp. Fl. Galic. Crit. 3: 680 (1911)

= Dianthus armeria var. laevis Heuff.; Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 8: 68 (1858)

= Dianthus armeria var. nanus Boenn.; Prodr. Fl. Monast. Westphal. 124 (1824)

= Dianthus armeria var. uniflorus Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 168 (1896)

= Dianthus carolinianus Walter; Fl. Carol. [Walter] 140 (1788)

= Dianthus epirotus Halácsy; Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 48: 708 (1899)

= Dianthus hirsutus Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 2: 533 (1779)

= Dianthus hirtus Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 2: 533 (1779)

= Dianthus hybridus F.W.Schmidt ex Tausch; Flora (Regensburg) 13: 245 (1830)

= Dianthus pseudocorymbosus Velen.; Sitzungsber. Königl. 1 (1910)(8): 6. (1911)

= Dianthus villosus Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 2: 160 (1782), opus utique oppr.

= Dianthus vivariensis Jord. ex Boreau; Fl. Centre France, éd. 3, 2: 91 (1857)

= Diosanthos armerium (L.) St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 124 (1880)

= Gypsophila armeria var. nanus Boenn.; Prodr. Fl. Monast. Westphal. 124 (1824)

= Silene vaga E.H.L.Krause; Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild., ed. 2, 5: 109 (1901), nom. inval.

species :

Dianthus arpadianus Ade & Bornm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 36: 385 (1934)

Distribution: NE-Greece (Samothraki, coastal mainland opposite Samothraki); Turkey (WN-Anatolia: Kaz Dag)

13 GRC 34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus arpadianus var. pumilus Ade; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 36: 385 (1934)

species :

Dianthus arrostoi C.Presl; J. Presl & C. Presl, Delic. Prag. 60 (1822)

Distribution: Sardinia; Sicily

12 SAR 13 SIC

Remarks: caryophyllus agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus arrostoi var. latifolius Lojac.; Fl. Sicul. [Lojacono] 1(1): 164 (1889)

= Dianthus caryophyllus subsp. arrostoi (C.Presl) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital., ed. 2: 306 (1894)

= Dianthus caryophyllus var. arrostoi (C.Presl) Tanfani; Parl., Fl. Ital. 9: 283 (1892)

= Dianthus contractus Jan ex Lojac.; Fl. Sicul. [Lojacono] 1(1): 164 (1889)

= Dianthus contractus Jan ex Nyman; Consp. 105 (1878)

= Dianthus contractus var. evolutus Lojac.; Fl. Sicul. [Lojacono] 1(1): 165 (1889)

species :

Dianthus aticii Hamzaoglu; PhytoKeys 48: 22 (2015)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Dianthus atschurensis Sosn.; Vestn. Tiflissk. Bot. Sada 1: 74 (1923)

Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]

33 GEO

species :

Dianthus austroiranicus Lemperg; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 50: 260 (1941)

Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)

34 IRN

species :

Dianthus awaricus Kharadze; Notul. Syst. Geogr. Inst. Bot. Tphilis., Fasc. 16, 50 (1951)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus (Daghestan); Azerbaijan

33 AZE NCS

species :

Dianthus aydogdui Menemen & Hamzaoglu; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 37(4): 285 (2000)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Dianthus aytachii C.Vural; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 158(1): 55 (2008)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Dianthus balansae Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 488 (1867)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Dianthus balbisii Ser.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 356 (1824)

subspecies :

subsp. balbisii

Distribution: Germany [I]; France; ?Corsica; Italy; San Marino

11 ger 12 FRA 13 ITA SMA

Remarks: ferrugineus agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus carthusianorum var. balbisii (Ser.) Tanfani; Parl., Fl. Ital. 9: 253 (1892)

= Dianthus balbisii var. medius Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 167 (1896)

= Dianthus balbisii var. paniculatus Ser.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 356 (1824)

subspecies :

subsp. liburnicus (Bartl.) Pignatti; Giorn. Bot. Ital. 111: 45 (1977)

Distribution: Italy; San Marino [I]; Slovenia; Croatia; Montenegro

13 CRO ITA MNT SLV sma

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus ferrugineus subsp. liburnicus (Bartl.) Tutin; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 68: 191 (1963)

= Dianthus glaucophyllus Hornem. ex Ser.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 356 (1824)

= Dianthus liburnicus Bartl.; Bartl. & Wendl., Beitr. Bot. 2: 52 (1825)

= Dianthus liburnicus var. albiflorus Caldesi; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 11: 338 (1879)

= Dianthus ligusticus Willd. ex Nyman; Consp. 103 (1878)

= Dianthus propinquus Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 94 (1866)

= Dianthus rosulatus Borbás ex Nyman; Consp. 103 (1878)

subspecies :

subsp. knappii (Pant.) Peruzzi & Uzunov; Phytol. Balcan. 14(1): 48 (2008)

Distribution: Montenegro

13 MNT

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus knappii (Pant.) Asch. & Kanitz ex Borbás; Math. Term. Közlem. 13: 196 (1877)

= Dianthus liburnicus var. knappii Pant.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 23: 4 (1873)

species :

Dianthus barbatus L.; Sp. Pl. 409 (1753)

Name: Bart-Nelke (DE), Sweetwilliam (EN)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; NE-Spain (Pyrenees); Andorra; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Estonia [I]; Latvia [I]; Lithuania [I]; Belarus [I]; Siberia [I] (W-Siberia [I]); Russian Far East [I] (Amur [I], Khabarovsk [I], Primorye [I], Sakhalin [I]); Kazakhstan [I]; Turkmenistan [I]; Uzbekistan [I]; Tajikistan [I]; Northern Caucasus [I]; Georgia [Caucasus] [I]; Armenia [I]; Azerbaijan [I]; China; Japan [I]; Taiwan [I]; Pakistan [I]; Bhutan [I]; Myanmar [I]; Vietnam [I]; Java [I]; Australia [I] (New South Wales [I]); New Zealand [I]; Austral Isl. [I] (Raivavae [I], Rurutu [I], Tubuai [I]); Northern Marianas [I] (Rota [I]); Canada [I] (Alberta [I], British Columbia [I], Manitoba [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Quebec [I], Saskatchewan [I]); USA [I] (Alabama [I], California [I], Connecticut [I], Georgia [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Kansas [I], Kentucky [I], Louisiana [I], Maine [I], Maryland [I], Massachusetts [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Missouri [I], Montana [I], Nebraska [I], New Hampshire [I], New York [I], North Carolina [I], Ohio [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], South Carolina [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Vermont [I], Virginia [I], Washington [I], West Virginia [I], Wisconsin [I]); Mexico [I]; Guatemala [I]; Honduras [I]; Costa Rica [I]; Colombia [I]; Ecuador [I]; Bolivia [I]; Brazil [I]

11 AUT CZE ger HUN POL SLO 12 ADO FRA SPA 13 BIH BUL CRO ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SRB TUE 14 blr est lat lit 30 sib 31 rfe 32 kaz tkm tzk uzb 33 arm aze geo ncs 36 CHI 38 jap tai 40 bhu pak 41 mya vie 42 jaw 50 aus 51 nzl 61 aui 62 mrn 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 79 mex 80 cos gua hon 82 clm 83 bol ecu 84 bra

Synonyms: hidden

= Caryophyllus barbatus (L.) Moench; Methodus [Moench] 59 (1794)

= Cylichnanthus barbatus (L.) Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyr. 261 (1867)

= Dianthus aggregatus Poir.; Encyc Suppl. 4: 124 (1816)

= Dianthus barbatus f. volhyniensis Zapal.; Consp. Fl. Galic. Crit. 3: 28 (1911)

= Dianthus barbatus subsp. girardinii (Lamotte) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 102 (1878)

= Dianthus barbatus var. angustifolius Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 493 (1805)

= Dianthus barbatus var. brachypetalus Zapal.; Consp. Fl. Galic. Crit. 3: 28 (1911)

= Dianthus barbatus var. latifolius Ser.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 356 (1824)

= Dianthus barbatus var. paniculatus Ser.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 356 (1824)

= Dianthus barbatus var. pedunculosus Ser.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 356 (1824)

= Dianthus corymbosus F.Dietr.; Nachtr. Vollst. Lex. Gärtn. 2: 667 (1816), nom. illeg.

= Dianthus fimbriatus subsp. barbatus (L.) Bonnier; Fl. Ill. France 2: 42 (1913)

= Dianthus girardinii Lamotte; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 21: 120 (1874)

= Dianthus hispanicus Dum.Cours.; Bot. Cult. 3: 168 (1802), nom. illeg.

= Dianthus latifolius Willd.; Enum. Pl. [Willdenow] 466 (1809)

= Dianthus pulcherrimus Loisel.; Dict. Sci. Nat. 35: 417 (1825)

= Dianthus splendidissimus Hoffmanns.; Nachtr. Preisverz. 27 (1842)

= Silene barbata (L.) E.H.L.Krause; Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild., ed. 2, 5: 108 (1901)

= Tunica barbata (L.) Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 1: 298 (1771)

variant :

var. asiaticus Nakai; Tyosen-Syokubutsu 143, f. 158. 1914

Distribution: Russian Far East (Primorye); China (E-Jilin, S-Jilin); North Korea

31 RFE 36 CHI 38 NKO

variant :

var. compactus (Kit.) Heuff.; Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 8: 68 (1858)

Distribution: Austria; Poland; Slovakia; Hungary; Italy; Serbia; Kosovo; Romania; Bulgaria; Ukraine

11 AUT HUN POL SLO 13 BUL ITA KOS ROM SRB 14 UKR

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus barbatus subsp. compactus (Kit.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2(1): 58 (1889)

= Dianthus barbatus subsp. compactus (Kit.) Stoj.; Jordanov, Fl. Nar. Rep. Bulg. 3: 414 (1966), isonym

= Dianthus compactus Kit. ex Schult.; Oestr. Fl., ed. 2, 1: 654 (1814)

species :

Dianthus basianicus Boiss. & Hausskn. ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] Suppl. 77 (1888)

Distribution: Iraq (NW-Iraq); Iran (W-Iran)

34 IRN IRQ

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus crinitus var. tomentellus Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 469 (1867)

species :

Dianthus basuticus Burtt Davy; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1922: 220 (1922)

subspecies :

subsp. basuticus

Distribution: South Africa (Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho

27 LES SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus micropetalus var. galpinii Burtt Davy

variant :

var. grandiflorus S.S.Hooper; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 37: 19 (1959)

Distribution: South Africa (Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal); Lesotho

27 LES SAF

subspecies :

subsp. fourcadei S.S.Hooper; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 37: 20 (1959)

Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

species :

Dianthus benearnensis Loret; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 5: 327 (1858)

Distribution: NE-Spain (C-Pyrenees); SW-France

12 FRA SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus attenuatus subsp. benearnensis (Loret) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 105 (1878)

= Dianthus cognobilis (Timb.-Lagr.) Timb.-Lagr.; Mém. Acad. Sci. Toulouse ser. 6, 5: 241 (1867)

= Dianthus furcatus subsp. benearnensis (Loret) Kerguélen; Lejeunia, n. s., 120: 79 (1987)

= Dianthus furcatus subsp. geminiflorus (Loisel.) Tutin; Feddes Repert. 68: 189 (1963)

= Dianthus geminiflorus Loisel.; Fl. Gall. 726 (1807)

= Dianthus geminiflorus var. benearnensis (Loret) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 171 (1896)

= Dianthus monspessulanus var. benearnensis (Loret) Cadevall & Pau; Mem. Real Acad. Ci. Barcelona 6: 42 (1907)

= Dianthus pungens subsp. cognobilis (Timb.-Lagr.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat., Secc. Bot. 38(1): 88 (1974)

= Dianthus requienii var. cognobilis Timb.-Lagr.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 11: 131, 143 (1864)

= Dianthus seguieri subsp. geminiflorus (Loisel.) Bonnier; Fl. Ill. France 2: 45 (1913)

species :

Dianthus berkayorum Kandemir, Aytac & T.Ertugrul; Turk. J. Bot. 46(3): 263, figs. 1-4 (2022)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Dianthus bessarabicus (Kleopow) Klokov; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) (Kiev) 5: 28 (1948) (Bot. J. Akad. Sci. RSS Ucr. 5: 28 (1948))

Distribution: Romania; Moldova; Ukraine

13 ROM 14 MLD UKR

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus polymorphus subsp. bessarabicus Kleopow; Izv. Kievsk. Bot. Sada 14: 114 (1932)

= Dianthus polymorphus var. bessarabicus (Klokov) Sanda

species :

Dianthus bicolor Adams; Weber & Mohr, Beitr. 1: 55 (1805)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus

33 NCS

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus bicolor var. minor Ser.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 361 (1824)

= Dianthus caucasicus Spreng.; Donnersmarck, Adumbr. Pl. Hort. Hal. 23 (1806)

species :

Dianthus biflorus Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. 1: 285 (1809)

Distribution: Greece (mountains of NW-, C-Greece, Peloponnisos, Evvoia)

13 GRC

Remarks: to be expected in S-Albania

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus biflorus subsp. samaritani (Halácsy) Maire & Petitm.

= Dianthus binatus Bartl. ex Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 2: 810 (1832)

= Dianthus cinnabarinus Spruner ex Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient 6: 22 (1846)

= Dianthus samaritani Halácsy; Consp. Fl. Graec. 1: 213 (1900)

species :

Dianthus bolusii Burtt Davy; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1922: 218 (1922)

Distribution: South Africa (N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

species :

Dianthus borbasii Vandas; Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 36: 193 (1886)

subspecies :

subsp. borbasii

Distribution: Poland; Lithuania; Belarus; E-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Siberia (W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; Northern Caucasus

11 POL 14 BLR KRY LIT MLD RUS UKR 30 SIB 32 KAZ 33 NCS

subspecies :

subsp. capitellatus (Klokov) Tutin; Feddes Repert. 68: 192 (1963)

Distribution: Ukraine; Northern Caucasus

14 UKR 33 NCS

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus capitellatus Klokov; Fl. URSR 4: 659 (1952)

= Dianthus pseudomembranaceus Schischk. ex Grossh.; Fl. Kavkaza, ed. 2, 3: 282 (1945)

species :

Dianthus borbonicus Brullo, C.Brullo, Colombo, Giusso, Ilardi & Perrone; Phytotaxa 233(1): 50 (2015)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

species :

Dianthus brachycalyx A.Huet & É.Huet ex Bacch., Brullo, Casti & Giusso; Nordic J. Bot. 28(2): 142 (2010)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

species :

Dianthus brevicaulis Fenzl; Pug. Pl. Nov. Syr. 10 (1842)

subspecies :

subsp. brevicaulis

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia)

34 TUR

subspecies :

subsp. setaceus Reeve; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 28: 21 (1967)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Dianthus brevipetalus Vved.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Uzbekistansk. Fil. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 3: 9 (1941)

Distribution: Uzbekistan

32 UZB

species :

Dianthus broteri Boiss. & Reut.; Pugillus Pl. Afr. Bor. Hispan. 22 (1852)

Distribution: Portugal; Spain; Gibraltar

12 GIB POR SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus absconditus Fern.Casas; Fontqueria 3: 35 (1983)

= Dianthus broteri subsp. hinoxianus (Gallego) Rivas Mart.; Lagascalia 15(Extra): 116 (1988)

= Dianthus broteri subsp. valentinus (Willk.) Rivas Mart., A.Asensi, Molero Mesa & F.Valle; Rivasgodaya 6: 29 (1991)

= Dianthus broteri var. brachyphyllus Willk.; Willk. & Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 3: 685 (1878)

= Dianthus broteri var. dumetorum Willk.; Linnaea 30: 140 (1859)

= Dianthus broteri var. macrophyllus Willk.; Willk. & Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 3: 685 (1878)

= Dianthus broteri var. valentinus (Willk.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 104 (1878)

= Dianthus catalaunicus var. brachyphyllus (Willk.) F.N.Williams; J. Bot. 23: 343 (1885)

= Dianthus fimbriatus Brot.; Fl. Lusit. 2: 177 (1804), nom. illeg.

= Dianthus fimbriatus var. brachyphyllus (Willk.) F.N.Williams; J. Bot. 23: 343 (1885), et Notes Pinks West. Eur. 19 (1889)

= Dianthus fimbriatus var. macrophyllus (Willk.) F.N.Williams; J. Bot. 23: 343 (1885)

= Dianthus fimbriatus var. valentinus (Willk.) A.Bolòs & O.Bolòs; Veg. Com. Barcelona 298 (1950)

= Dianthus gallicus var. lusitanus Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 104 (1878)

= Dianthus hinoxianus Gallego; Lagascalia 14: 71 (1986)

= Dianthus malacitanus Haens. ex Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 85 (1839) (nom. inval.)

= Dianthus malacitanus var. stenolepis Font Quer; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 3: 353 (1953), nom. inval.

= Dianthus malacitanus var. valentinus (Willk.) Font Quer; Cavanillesia 1: 36 (1928)

= Dianthus malacitanus var. valentinus (Willk.) Losa & Rivas Goday; Arch. Inst. Aclim. Cons. Super. Invest. Ci. 13(2): 150 (1974)

= Dianthus serrulatus Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 84 (1839), nom. illeg., non Desf.

= Dianthus serrulatus subsp. barbatus (Boiss.) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 13: 281 (1984)

= Dianthus serrulatus subsp. grandiflorus (Boiss.) Maire; Fl. Afrique N. 10: 303 (1963) (comb. inval.)

= Dianthus serrulatus subsp. malacitanus Malag.; Pl. Sennen. 1: 6 (1974) (nom. inval.)

= Dianthus serrulatus var. barbatus Boiss.; Elench. Pl. Nov. 19 (1838)

= Dianthus serrulatus var. grandiflorus Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 84 (1839), nom. illeg.

= Dianthus valentinus Willk.; Flora (Regensburg) 35: 539 (1852)

species :

Dianthus brutius Brullo, Scelsi & Spamp.; Portugal. Acta Biol. 19(1-4): 304 (2000)

subspecies :

subsp. brutius

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

subspecies :

subsp. pentadactyli Brullo, Scelsi & Spamp.; Portugal. Acta Biol. 19(1-4): 306 (2000)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

species :

Dianthus burchellii Ser.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 359 (1824)

Distribution: South Africa (N-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

species :

Dianthus burdurensis Hamzaoglu & Koç; Phytotaxa 233(1): 197 (2015)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Dianthus busambrae Soldano & F.Conti; Annot. Checkl. Italian Vasc. Fl. 18 (2005)

Distribution: Sicily

13 SIC

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus paniculatus Lojac.; Malpighia 20: 188 (1906)

species :

Dianthus cachemiricus Edgew. & Hook.f.; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 1: 214 (1874)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Kunar / Nuristan); NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir)

34 AFG 40 IND

species :

Dianthus caespitosus Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 1: 81 (1794)

subspecies :

subsp. caespitosus

Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.); Lesotho

27 LES SAF

subspecies :

subsp. pectinatus (E.Mey. ex Sond.) S.S.Hooper; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 37: 37 (1959)

Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus albens Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. 32 (1835)

= Dianthus crenatus [Ker Gawl.]; Bot. Reg. 3: t. 256 (1818) non Thunb.

= Dianthus pectinatus E.Mey. ex Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 1: 124 (1860)

= Dianthus prostratus Jacq.; Hort. Schoenb. 3: 11. t. 271 (1798)

species :

Dianthus callizonus Schott & Kotschy; Bot. Zeit. 9: 192 (1851)

Distribution: Romania (SW of Brasov)

13 ROM

species :

Dianthus campestris M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 326 (1808)

Distribution: Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; +Latvia [I]; Belarus; E-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Siberia (W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; Northern Caucasus; Turkey (Anatolia)

13 BUL ROM TUE 14 BLR KRY lat MLD RUS UKR 30 SIB 32 KAZ 33 NCS 34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus campestris subsp. laevigatus (Gruner) Klokov; Fl. URSR 4: 625 (1952)

= Dianthus campestris subsp. serbanii Prodan

= Dianthus campestris subsp. steppaceus Sirj.; Sirj. & Lavrenko, Consp. Crit. Fl. Prov. Charkov. 1 (1926)

= Dianthus campestris var. laevigatus Gruner; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 41(II): 124 (1868)

= Dianthus hypanicus Besser ex Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 809 (1832)

= Dianthus laevigatus (Gruner) Klokov; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Nizsh. Rast. 1980: 99 (1980)

= Dianthus laevigatus (Gruner) Knjaz.; Konspekt Fl. Vost. Evr. 1: 257 (2012), isonym

= Dianthus pseudoversicolor Klokov; Fl. URSR 4: 660 (1952)

= Dianthus serbanii (Prodan) Prodan; Savul., Fl. Republ. Popul. Române 2: 670 (1953)

species :

Dianthus candicus (P.W.Ball & Heywood) Madhani & Heubl; Taxon 67(1): 103 (2018)

Distribution: Crete

13 KRI

Synonyms: hidden

= Fiedleria candica (P.W.Ball & Heywood) Ovcz.; Fl. Tadzhiksk. S.S.R. 3: 608 (1968)

= Petrorhagia candica P.W.Ball & Heywood; Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Bot. 3: 141 (1964)

species :

Dianthus capitatus J.St.-Hil.; Pl. France 3: 70 (1809)

subspecies :

subsp. capitatus

Distribution: Romania; European Turkey; Moldova; Crimea; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan

13 ROM TUE 14 KRY MLD 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus capillatus Meinsh.; Beitr. Pfl. Geogr. Sued-Ural-Geb. 6 (1860), sphalm.

= Dianthus capitatus Balb. ex DC.; Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp. 103 (1813), nom. illeg.

= Dianthus cephalotes Ser.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 356 (1824)

= Dianthus glaucophyllus Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 514 (1867), nom. illeg., non Hornem. ex Ser.

subspecies :

subsp. andrzejowskianus Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol. 51: 25 (1911)

Distribution: Serbia; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Kazakhstan

13 BUL ROM SRB TUE 14 KRY MLD UKR 32 KAZ

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus andrzejowskianus (Zapal.) Kulcz.; W. Szafer, Fl. Polsk. 2: 156 (1921)

= Dianthus andrzejowskianus subsp. orientalis Kleopow; Izv. Kievsk. Bot. Sada 14: 104 (1932)

= Dianthus capitatus var. pancicianus F.N.Williams; J. Bot. 23: 342 (1885)

species :

Dianthus carbonatus Klokov; Index Sem. Hort. Bot. Charjkov. 1925. 6 (1926)

Distribution: Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea

14 KRY MLD UKR

species :

Dianthus carmelitarum Reut. ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 512 (1867)

Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Turkey (E-Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia)

33 ARM GEO 34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus artwinensis Schischk. ex Grossh.; Fl. Kavkaza, ed. 2, 3: 284 (1945), nomen

species :

Dianthus carthusianorum L.; Sp. Pl. 409 (1753)

subspecies :

subsp. carthusianorum

Name: Kartäuser-Nelke (DE), Clusterhead (EN)

Distribution: Sweden [I]; +Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, +Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Spain; Andorra; France; Italy; Sicily; Slovenia; Croatia; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Estonia [I]; +Latvia [I]; Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Turkey [I] (N-Anatolia [I], NW-Anatolia [I]: Bithynia [I]); USA [I] (Michigan [I], New Hampshire [I], New York [I], Wisconsin [I]); Honduras [I]

10 swe 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO FRA SPA 13 BUL CRO ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SRB TUE 14 BLR est lat MLD UKR 34 tur 74 usa 75 usa 80 hon

Remarks: carthusianorum agg. The distribution of the nominate subspecies might be exaggerated, depending on the recognition of various subspecies.

Synonyms: hidden

= Caryophyllus carthusianorum (L.) Moench; Methodus [Moench] 59 (1794)

= Dianthus carpathicus Wol.; Spraw. Kom. fizyj. Krajowei 22(2): 214 (1888)

= Dianthus carthusianorum f. elongatus Zapal.; 3 (1911)

= Dianthus carthusianorum f. fontanus (Henle & Naegele) Vollm.; 243 (1914)

= Dianthus carthusianorum f. nanus (Ser.) Hegi; 324 (1910)

= Dianthus carthusianorum f. parvulus Zapal.; 2 (1911)

= Dianthus carthusianorum f. pieninus Zapal.; 2 (1911)

= Dianthus carthusianorum f. subbliznicensis Zapal.; 10 (1911)

= Dianthus carthusianorum f. subherbaceus Zapal.; 3 (1911)

= Dianthus carthusianorum f. substramineus Zapal.; 10 (1911)

= Dianthus carthusianorum f. subviridis Zapal.; 2 (1911)

= Dianthus carthusianorum f. tenuior Zapal.; 3 (1911)

= Dianthus carthusianorum f. trifurcatus Zapal.; 9 (1911)

= Dianthus carthusianorum proles ceretanus Sennen; Bol. Soc. Iber. Ci. Nat. 25: 147 (1926)

= Dianthus carthusianorum subsp. parviflorus (Celak.) Dostál; Folia Mus. Rerum Nat. Bohemiae Occid., Bot. 21: 5 (1984)

= Dianthus carthusianorum subsp. saxigenus (Schur) Dostál; Folia Mus. Rerum Nat. Bohemiae Occid., Bot. 21: 5 (1984)

= Dianthus carthusianorum subsp. subalpinus (Rehmann) Májovský & Kralik

= Dianthus carthusianorum subsp. vernus (C.Du Moulin) R.Knapp; 99 (1977), nom. inval.

= Dianthus carthusianorum subsp. vulgaris (Gaudin) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 30(1): 231 (1926), nom. inval.

= Dianthus carthusianorum var. alpestris Jess.; 274 (1879)

= Dianthus carthusianorum var. alpestris Neilr.; Fl. Nied.-Oesterr. 805 (1859)

= Dianthus carthusianorum var. anisopodus Ser.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 357 (1824)

= Dianthus carthusianorum var. brachyanthus Dörfl. & Hayek; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 70: 12 (1921)

= Dianthus carthusianorum var. cadevallii Pau; Mem. Real Acad. Ci. Barcelona 6: 42 (1907)

= Dianthus carthusianorum var. campestris Heuff.; Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 8: 68 (1858)

= Dianthus carthusianorum var. congestus (Boreau) Godr.; Fl. France [Grenier] 1: 232 (1847)

= Dianthus carthusianorum var. dissolutus Osswald & Sagorski; Osswald, 23 (1895)

= Dianthus carthusianorum var. fasciculatus Dierb.; 41 (1826)

= Dianthus carthusianorum var. fasciculatus Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 165 (1896)

= Dianthus carthusianorum var. foliosus Wender.; 129 (1846)

= Dianthus carthusianorum var. fontanus Henle & Naegele; Anonymus, 302 (1903)

= Dianthus carthusianorum var. hannensis Podp.; 10, t. I (1908)

= Dianthus carthusianorum var. leucanthus Dierb.; 41 (1826)

= Dianthus carthusianorum var. major Borkh.; 507 (1793)

= Dianthus carthusianorum var. montanus J.J.Schmitz & Regel; 402 (1841)

= Dianthus carthusianorum var. nanus Ser.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 357 (1824)

= Dianthus carthusianorum var. paniculatus Sennen; Bol. Soc. Iber. Ci. Nat. 25: 147 (1926)

= Dianthus carthusianorum var. parviflorus Celak.; Prodr. Fl. Böhmen 506 (1867)

= Dianthus carthusianorum var. parviflorus Wender.; 129 (1846)

= Dianthus carthusianorum var. pratensis Jess.; 274 (1879)

= Dianthus carthusianorum var. pygmaeus Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 3: 145 (1828)

= Dianthus carthusianorum var. saxigenus Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 93 (1866)

= Dianthus carthusianorum var. stenophyllus Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 165 (1896)

= Dianthus carthusianorum var. ternatus Heuff.; Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 8: 68 (1858)

= Dianthus carthusianorum var. uniflorus A.F.Schwarz; 113 (1897), nom. illeg.

= Dianthus carthusianorum var. uniflorus Godr.; Fl. Lorraine 1: 116 (1843)

= Dianthus carthusianorum var. uniflorus Vogel; Wirtg., 32 (1842)

= Dianthus carthusianorum var. vernus (C.Du Moulin) Vollm.; 243 (1914)

= Dianthus ceretanicus Sennen; Bol. Soc. Iber. Ci. Nat. 25: 147 (1926)

= Dianthus chloaephyllus Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 95 (1866)

= Dianthus clavatus Spreng.; Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk. 2: 169 (1821)

= Dianthus congestus Boreau; Fl. Centr. Fr. ed. III. 2: 90 (1857)

= Dianthus fasciculatus Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 2: 161 (1782), opus utique oppr.

= Dianthus ferrugineus Pourr. ex Gren. & Godr.; Fl. France [Grenier] 1: 232 (1847)

= Dianthus giganteus subsp. italicus Tutin; Feddes Repert. 68: 192 (1963)

= Dianthus giganteus subsp. velebiticus (Borbás) Soó; Feddes Repert. 85(7- 8): 440 (1974)

= Dianthus gramineus Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 4: 11 (1853)

= Dianthus montanus F.W.Schmidt; Neu. Abh. Boehm. Ges. 1: 30 (1791)

= Dianthus nanus Sweet; Hort. Brit. ed. 1, 41 (1826)

= Dianthus rupicolus Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 93 (1866)

= Dianthus semperflorens Voss; Gartenflora 44: 514 (1895)

= Dianthus subneglectus Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 95 (1866)

= Dianthus velebiticus Borbás ex Degen; Fl. Veleb. 2: 97 (1937)

= Silene carthusianorum (L.) E.H.L.Krause; Sturm, Fl. Deutschland, ed. 2, 5: 110 (1901)

= Tunica carthusianorum (L.) Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 1: 299 (1771)

subspecies :

subsp. atrorubens (All.) Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 493 (1805)

Distribution: Switzerland; SE-France

11 SWI 12 FRA

Remarks: status uncertain

Synonyms: hidden

= Caryophyllus atrorubens (All.) Moench; Methodus [Moench], Suppl. 23 (1802)

= Cylichnanthus vaginatus (Chaix) Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées 261 (1867)

= Dianthus allionii Colla; Herb. Pedem. 1: 297 (1833)

= Dianthus atropurpureus Gromov ex Trautv.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 8: 130 (1883)

= Dianthus atrorubens All.; Fl. Pedem. 2: 75 (1785)

= Dianthus atrorubens var. intermedius Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 3: 146 (1828)

= Dianthus carthusianorum proles vaginatus (Chaix) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 166 (1896)

= Dianthus carthusianorum subsp. atrorubens (All.) Hegi; Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 17: 15 (1911)

= Dianthus carthusianorum subsp. vaginatus (Chaix) Hegi; Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 17: 13 (1911)

= Dianthus carthusianorum var. atrorubens (All.) Merrem; 198 (1809)

= Dianthus carthusianorum var. atrorubens (All.) Ser.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 357 (1824)

= Dianthus vaginatus Chaix; Vill. Hist. Pl. Dauphiné [Villars] 1: 330 (1786)

subspecies :

subsp. capillifrons (Borbás) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 23: 391 (1977 publ. 1978)

Distribution: Austria; Czech Republic

11 AUT CZE

Remarks: status uncertain

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus capillifrons (Borbás) H.Neumayer; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 91: 236 (1942)

= Dianthus carthusianorum subsp. capillifrons (Borbás) Dostál; Folia Mus. Rerum Nat. Bohemiae Occid., Bot. 21: 5 (1984), isonym

= Dianthus carthusianorum var. capillifrons Borbás; Vasvárm. Növ. Flór. 259 (1887)

subspecies :

subsp. latifolius (Griseb. & Schenk) Hegi; Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 17: 13 (1911)

Distribution: ?Austria; S-Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Croatia; Serbia; Romania; Ukraine

11 CZE HUN POL SLO 13 CRO ROM SRB 14 UKR

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus carthusianorum subsp. carsticus (Novák) Dostál; Folia Mus. Rerum Nat. Bohemiae Occid., Bot. 21: 5 (1984)

= Dianthus carthusianorum var. commutatus Zapal.; Consp. Fl. Galic. Crit. 3: 119 (1911)

= Dianthus carthusianorum var. latifolius Griseb. & Schenk; Arch. Naturgesch. (Berlin) 18(1): 300 (1852)

= Dianthus carthusianorum var. longisquamis Kulcz.; W. Szafer, Fl. Polsk. 2: 159 (1921)

= Dianthus commutatus (Zapal.) Klokov; Fl. URSR 4: 607 (1952)

= Dianthus montivagus Domin; Acta Bot. Bohem. 8: 53 (1929)

= Dianthus montivagus var. carsticus Novák 1935

subspecies :

subsp. polonicus (Zapal.) Kovanda; Preslia 56: 297 (1984)

Distribution: Poland; Belarus; W-Ukraine

11 POL 14 BLR UKR

Remarks: status uncertain

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus carthusianorum var. polonicus (Zapal.) Kulcz.; W. Szafer, Fl. Polsk. 2: 159 (1921)

= Dianthus polonicus Zapal.; Bull. Int. Acad. Sci. Cracovie, Cl. Sci. Math., Sér. B, Sci. Nat. 1911(1B): 7 (1911)

subspecies :

subsp. puberulus (Simonk.) Soó; Feddes Repert. 83: 161 (1972)

Distribution: Serbia; Romania; Bulgaria

13 BUL ROM SRB

Remarks: status uncertain

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus carthusianorum var. puberulus Simonk.; Math. Term. Közlem. 15: 531 (1878), et Exsicc. (Fl. Austro-Hung.) 1882: no. 537 (1882)

= Dianthus puberulus (Simonk.) A.Kern.; Exsicc. (Fl. Austro-Hung.) 2: 63 (1882)

subspecies :

subsp. sanguineus (Vis.) Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 3: 323 (1910), et in Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 17: 18 (1911)

Distribution: Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Albania

13 ALB BIH CRO MNT

Remarks: status uncertain

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus atrorubens var. sanguineus (Vis.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. 84 (1882)

= Dianthus behriorum Bornm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 41: 188 (1936)

= Dianthus carthusianorum f. atrisquamatus (Novák) Gajic; Fl. Srbije 9: 64 (1977)

= Dianthus carthusianorum var. sanguineus (Vis.) Tanfani; Parl., Fl. Ital. 9: 254 (1892)

= Dianthus sanguineus var. atrisquamatus Novák; Preslia 5: 89 (1927)

= Dianthus sanguineus Vis.; Index Sem. (PAD, Patavium) 1845: 1 (1945)

subspecies :

subsp. sudeticus Kovanda; Preslia 52(2): 122 (1980)

Distribution: Czech Republic

11 CZE

subspecies :

subsp. tenorei (Lacaita) Pignatti; Giorn. Bot. Ital. 111: 46 (1977)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

Remarks: status uncertain

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus carthusianorum var. tenorei Lacaita; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. s. 34: 188 (1927)

subspecies :

subsp. tenuifolius (Schur) Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 3: 325 (1910)

Distribution: Romania; W-Ukraine

13 ROM 14 UKR

Remarks: status uncertain

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus bukovinensis (Zapal.) Klokov; Fl. URSR 4: 606 (1952)

= Dianthus carthusianorum var. bucovinensis Zapal.; Consp. Fl. Galic. Crit. 3: 113 (1911)

= Dianthus graminifolius Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 10: 144 (1859)

= Dianthus tenuifolius Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 10: 143 (1859)

species :

Dianthus caryophyllus L.; Sp. Pl. 2: 410 (1753)

Name: Garten-Nelke (DE), Carnation (EN)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Slovakia [I]; Gibraltar [I]; Channel Isl. [I]; Sardinia [I]; Italy [I]; Sicily [I]; Croatia [I]; Greece [I]; Morocco [c]; Algeria [c]; Libya [c]; Cameroon [I]; Kazakhstan [I]; Turkmenistan [I]; Uzbekistan [I]; Tajikistan [I]; China; South Korea [I]; Taiwan [I]; Pakistan [I]; India [I]; Bangladesh [I]; Myanmar [I]; Vietnam [I]; Java [I]; USA [I] (Arkansas [I], Massachusetts [I]); Mexico [I]; Guatemala [I]; Honduras [I]; Nicaragua [I]; Trinidad & Tobago [I]; Colombia [I]; Venezuela [I]; Ecuador [I]; Peru [I]; Brazil [I]; Argentina [I]

11 ger slo 12 cis gib sar 13 cro grc ita sic 20 alg lby mor 23 cmn 32 kaz tkm tzk uzb 36 CHI 38 kor tai 40 ban ind pak 41 mya vie 42 jaw 75 usa 78 usa 79 mex 80 gua hon nic 81 trt 82 clm ven 83 ecu per 84 bra 85 arg

Synonyms: hidden

= Caryophyllus domesticus Bedevian; Illustr. Polyglot. Dict. 235 (1936)

= Caryophyllus tunica Garsault; Fig. Pl. Anim. Med. t. 203 (1764)

= Dianthus acinifolius Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 97 (1866)

= Dianthus arbuscula Lindl.; Sketch Veg. Swan R. 13, t. 1086 (1827)

= Dianthus arrectus Dumort.; Fl. Belg. 196 (1827)

= Dianthus binatus Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 97 (1866)

= Dianthus caryophyllus f. intermedius Pamp.; Boll. Mus. Republ. San Marino 1: 142 (1917)

= Dianthus caryophyllus subsp. coronarius (L.) Bonnier; Fl. Ill. France 2: 44 (1913)

= Dianthus caryophyllus subsp. coronarius (L.) Maire; Fl. Afrique N. 10: 318 (1963)

= Dianthus caryophyllus var. carduinus Ser.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 359 (1824)

= Dianthus caryophyllus var. coronarius L.; Sp. Pl. 410 (1753)

= Dianthus caryophyllus var. imbricatus L.; 410 (1753)

= Dianthus caryophyllus var. minor Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 644 (1821 publ. 1822)

= Dianthus caryophyllus var. wakefieldii C.Morren; Hort. Belge 2: 7 (1834)

= Dianthus coronarius (L.) Burm.f.; Fl. Ind. [N. L. Burman] 13 (1768)

= Dianthus corsicus Link ex Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 2: 376 (1825)

= Dianthus kayserianus Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 97 (1866)

= Dianthus longicaulis Costa; Introd. Fl. Cataluña 36 (1864)

= Dianthus miniatus A.Huet ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 105 (1878)

= Dianthus morrisii Hance; London J. Bot. 7: 472 (1848)

= Dianthus moschatus J.F.Gmel.; Syst. Nat., ed. 13[bis] 711 (1791)

= Dianthus multinervis Vis.; Fl. Dalmat. 3: 164 (1850)

= Silene caryophylla (L.) E.H.L.Krause; Sturm, Fl. Deutschland, ed. 2, 5: 111 (1901)

= Tunica caryophyllus (L.) Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 1: 301 (1771)

= Tunica morrisii (Hance) Walp.; Ann. Bot. Syst. 2: 101. 1851-52

species :

Dianthus caucaseus Sims; Bot. Mag. t. 795 (1804)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan

33 ARM AZE GEO NCS

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus discolor Sims; Bot. Mag. t. 1162 (1808)

= Dianthus montanus M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 328 (1808) non F. W. Schmidt

species :

Dianthus charidemi Pau; Bull. Geogr. Bot. 16: No. 206 (Decemb.). 74 (1906); et Mem. Mus. Ci. Nat. Barcelona, Ser. Bot. 1: No. 3, 12 (1925)

Distribution: S-Spain (Almerica, Murcia)

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus cintranus subsp. charidemi (Pau) Tutin; Feddes Repert. 68: 190 (1963)

species :

Dianthus chimanimaniensis S.S.Hooper; Kew Bull. 13: 318 (1958)

Distribution: Zimbabwe; Mozambique

26 MOZ ZIM

species :

Dianthus chinensis L.; Sp. Pl. 411 (1753)

Name: Rainbow pink (EN), China-Nelke (DE)

Distribution: Europe [I]; Slovakia [I]; Estonia [I]; Latvia [I]; Lithuania [I]; Belarus [I]; C-European Russia [I]; Moldova [I]; Ukraine [I]; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Magadan [I], Primorye); Kazakhstan [I]; Turkmenistan [I]; Uzbekistan [I]; Tajikistan [I]; China (Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Xinjiang); Mongolia [I]; North Korea; South Korea; Japan [I]; Taiwan [I]; Bhutan; India (Uttarakhand, Tripura [I], Jammu & Kashmir); Bangladesh [I]; Myanmar [I]; Vietnam; Philippines [I]; Java [I]; Rotuma Isl. [I]; Austral Isl. [I] (Rurutu [I]); Pitcairn Isl. [I]; Canada [I] (Ontario [I]); Mexico [I]; Guatemala [I]; Honduras [I]; Panama [I]; Venezuela [I]; Brazil [I]

11 slo 14 blr est lat lit mld rus ukr 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 kaz tkm tzk uzb 36 CHI 37 mon 38 jap KOR NKO tai 40 ban BHU IND 41 mya VIE 42 jaw phi 60 rot 61 aui pit 72 cdn 79 mex 80 gua hon pan 82 ven 84 bra

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus altaicus Willd. ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 1: 278 (1842), nom. inval.

= Dianthus amurensis Jacq.; J. Soc. Imp. Centr. Hort. 7: 625 (1861)

= Dianthus chinensis f. albiflora Y.N.Lee; Bull. Korea Pl. Res. 4: 28 (2004)

= Dianthus chinensis f. heddewigii (Hend. ex J.Dix) T.Moore; Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London 1: 313 (1860)

= Dianthus chinensis f. ignescens (Nakai) Kitag.; J. Jap. Bot. 34: 5 (1959)

= Dianthus chinensis f. imperialis T.Moore; Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London 1: 313 (1860)

= Dianthus chinensis subsp. versicolor (Fisch. ex Link) Vorosch.; A. K. Skvortsov (ed.), Florist. issl. v razn. raionakh S.S.S.R. 167 (1985)

= Dianthus chinensis var. amurensis (Jacques) Kitag.; Neolin. Fl. Manshur. 266 (1979)

= Dianthus chinensis var. dentosus (Fisch. ex Rchb.) Debeaux; Act. Simpo. Internac. Bot. Pius Font Quer 31: 124 (1876)

= Dianthus chinensis var. heddewigii Hend. ex J.Dix; Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London 1: 55 (1859)

= Dianthus chinensis var. ignescens Nakai; Rept. First Sci. Exped. Manchoukuo 4(2): 15 (1935)

= Dianthus chinensis var. jingpoensis G.Y.Zhang & X.Y.Yuan; Bull. Bot. Res. North-East. Forest. Univ. 18(1): 10 (1998)

= Dianthus chinensis var. laciniatus E.G.Hend. ex J.Dix; Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. 1: 246 (1860)

= Dianthus chinensis var. liaotungensis Y.C.Chu; Fl. Pl. Herb. Chin. Bor.-Or. 3: 227, 49, pl. 19, f. 8. (1975)

= Dianthus chinensis var. longisquama Nakai & Kitag.; Rept. First Sci. Exped. Manchoukuo 4(1): 23 (1934)

= Dianthus chinensis var. macrosepalus Franch. ex L.H.Bailey; Cycl. Amer. Hort. 1: 100 (1900)

= Dianthus chinensis var. morii (Nakai) Y.C.Chu; Fl. Pl. Herb. Chin. Bor.-Or. 3: 49, t. 19, f. 7 (1975)

= Dianthus chinensis var. serpens Y.N.Lee; Bull. Korea Pl. Res. 4: 29 (2004)

= Dianthus chinensis var. shandongensis J.X.Li & F.Q.Zhou; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 21(4): 511 (2001)

= Dianthus chinensis var. subulifolius (Kitag.) Ma; Fl. Intramongol. 2: 191, t. 101, f. 4 (1978)

= Dianthus chinensis var. sylvaticus W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 96 (1835)

= Dianthus chinensis var. trinervis D.Q.Lu; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 15(2): 185, f. (186) (1995)

= Dianthus chinensis var. versicolor (Fisch. ex Link) Ma; Fl. Iakut. 2: 191, t. 101, f. 1-3 (1978), et Fl. Intramongolica 2: 191 (1978 publ. 1979)

= Dianthus collinus var. scaber Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 3: 147 (1828)

= Dianthus dentosus Fisch. ex Rchb.; Iconogr. Bot. Pl. Crit. 6: 32 (1828)

= Dianthus fischeri Spreng.; Cat. Sem. Hort. Hol. (1810)

= Dianthus ibericus Willd.; Enum. Pl. Suppl. [Willdenow] 24 (1814)

= Dianthus jeniseensis Less. ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 1: 278 (1842)

= Dianthus laciniatus Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 17: 60 (1903)

= Dianthus morii Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 28: 302 (1914)

= Dianthus ochroleucus Link; Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 420 (1821), nom. illeg.

= Dianthus patens Willd.; Enum. Pl. Suppl. [Willdenow] 24 (1814)

= Dianthus pineticola Kleopow; Izv. Kievsk. Bot. Sada 12-13: 161 (1931)

= Dianthus pulcher Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 303 (1796)

= Dianthus ruthenicus Roem. ex Poir.; Encyc. Suppl. 4: 131 (1816)

= Dianthus scaber Schleich. ex Suter; Helvet. Fl. 1: 259 (1802), nom. illeg.

= Dianthus schraderi Rchb.; Iconogr. Bot. Exot. 1: 24 (1824)

= Dianthus seguieri var. dentosus (Fisch. ex Rchb.) Franch.; Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., sér. 2, 5: 198 (1883)

= Dianthus serratus var. scaber DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 6: 601 (1815)

= Dianthus sinensis Link; Handbuch 2: 237 (1831), orth. var.

= Dianthus subulifolius f. leucopetalus Kitag.; Rept. First Sci. Exped. Manchoukuo 4(2): 17 (1935)

= Dianthus subulifolius Kitag.; Rept. First Sci. Exped. Manchoukuo 4(2): 16, t. 5 (1935)

= Dianthus tataricus Fisch.; Cat. Jard. Pl. Gorenki 2: 59 (1812)

= Dianthus umbellatus DC.; Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp. 104 (1813)

= Dianthus versicolor f. leucopetalus (Kitag.) Y.C.Chu; Fl. Plant. Herb. Chinae bor.-or., 3: 50 (1975)

= Dianthus versicolor Fisch. ex Link; Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 420 (1821)

= Dianthus versicolor subsp. ninelli (Peschkova) Baikov & N.V.Vlassova; Rast. Mir Aziatsk. Rossii 3(23): 21 (2016)

= Dianthus versicolor var. alpinus Krylov; Fl. Zapadnoi Sibiri 5: 1104 (1931)

= Dianthus versicolor var. ninelli Peschkova; Fl. Centr. Sibiri 1: 334 (1979)

= Dianthus versicolor var. subulifolius (Kitag.) Y.C.Chu; Fl. Pl. Herb. Chin. Bor.-Or. 3: 50, t. 18, f. 6-7 (1975)

= Dianthus willdenowii Link; Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 420 (1821)

species :

Dianthus chouardii Dobignard; J. Bot. Soc. Bot. France 48: 15 (2009)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

species :

Dianthus ciliatus Guss.; Index Sem. Hort. Boccadifalco 1825: 5. (1825)

subspecies :

subsp. ciliatus

Distribution: C-Italy; SW-Croatia

13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus litoralis Host; Fl. Austriac. [Host] 1: 522 (1827)

= Dianthus ciliatus var. cymosus Vis.; Fl. Dalmat. 3(2): 162 (1851)

subspecies :

subsp. dalmaticus (Celak.) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 30(1): 246 (1924)

Distribution: S-Croatia; Montenegro

13 CRO MNT

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus ciliatus var. racemosus (Vis.) Vis.; Fl. Dalmat. 3(2): 162 (1851)

= Dianthus ciliatus subsp. racemosus (Vis.) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 30(1): 246 (1924)

= Dianthus dalmaticus Celak.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 35: 189 (1885)

= Dianthus racemosus Vis.; Flora (Regensburg) 12(1): Erg. 12 (1829)

subspecies :

subsp. medunensis (Beck & Szyszyl.) Trinajstic; Suppl. Fl. Anal. Jugosl. 6: 8 (1980)

Distribution: Montenegro; W-Albania

13 ALB MNT

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus medunensis Beck & Szyszyl.; Rozpr. Spraw. Posiedzefi Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn. 19: 66 (1889)

species :

Dianthus cinnamomeus Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. 1: 287 (1809)

subspecies :

subsp. cinnamomeus

Distribution: Greece (Kiklades: Naxos, Mikonos, Iraklia, Keros, Astipalea); Crete; Turkey (SSW-Anatolia)

13 GRC KRI 34 TUR

Remarks: monadelphus agg., diploid cytotype

subspecies :

subsp. naxensis Runemark ex Strid; Strid & Kit Tan (eds.), Fl. Hellenica 1: 352 (1997)

Distribution: Greece (Kiklades: Naxos)

13 GRC

Remarks: tetraploid cytotype

species :

Dianthus cintranus Boiss. & Reut.; Pugillus Pl. Afr. Bor. Hispan. 20 (1852)

subspecies :

subsp. cintranus

Distribution: Portugal (Sa. de Sintra)

12 POR

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus pungens subsp. cintranus (Boiss. & Reut.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 106 (1878)

subspecies :

subsp. barbatus R.Fern. & Franco; Franco, Nova Fl. Portugal 551 (1971)

Distribution: WC-Portugal

12 POR

subspecies :

subsp. byzacenus (Burollet) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 12: 186 (1982)

Distribution: Tunisia

20 TUN

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus byzacenus Burollet; Sahel Sousse 35 (1927)

= Dianthus gaditanus subsp. byzacenus (Burollet) Maire; Fl. Afrique N. 10: 307 (1963)

species :

Dianthus collinus Waldst. & Kit.; Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 36 (1801)

subspecies :

subsp. collinus

Name: Hügel-Nelke

Distribution: Austria; Slovakia; Hungary; Slovenia; Croatia; Romania

11 AUT HUN SLO 13 CRO ROM SLV

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus asper var. collinus (Waldst. & Kit.) Ser.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 357 (1824)

= Dianthus carthusianorum subsp. collinus (Waldst. & Kit.) Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 493 (1805)

= Dianthus collinus var. minor Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 3: 147 (1828)

= Dianthus seguieri subsp. collinus (Waldst. & Kit.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. 84 (1882)

= Dianthus seguieri subsp. scaber Celak.; Prodr. Fl. Böhmen 507 (1875)

= Dianthus seguieri var. collinus (Waldst. & Kit.) W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 1: 96 (1835)

subspecies :

subsp. glabriusculus (Kit.) Thaisz; Növ. Közl. 29: 121 (1932)

Distribution: Poland; Slovakia; Hungary; Serbia; Kosovo; Romania; Moldova; Ukraine

11 HUN POL SLO 13 KOS ROM SRB 14 MLD UKR

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus collinus subsp. moldavicus (Prod.) Soó; Feddes Repert. 83(3): 162 (1972)

= Dianthus collinus var. glabriusculus Kit.; Linnaea 32: 528 (1863)

= Dianthus glabriusculus (Kit.) Borbás; Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 19: 19 (1877)

= Dianthus glabriusculus subsp. moldavicus Prodan; Bul. Soc. Sti. Cluj 10: 158 (1948)

= Dianthus piatra-neamtzui Prodan; Savul. Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Roman. 2: 234 (1953)

species :

Dianthus corymbosus Sm.; Sibth. & Sm., Fl. Graec. Prodr. 1: 285 (1809)

Distribution: Greece (Mt. Olimbos to Mt. Pelion, Chalkidiki, Athos peninsula)

13 GRC

Remarks: corymbosus agg. Endemic to Greece, records from elsewhere refer to D. viscidus fide Strid (2024)

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus chalcidicus Halácsy; Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 48: 707 (1898)

species :

Dianthus crassipes R.Roem.; Linnaea 25: 11 (1852)

Distribution: Portugal; Spain (Cordillera Marianica)

12 POR SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus albaceteanus Huter; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 54: 339 (1904)

= Dianthus crassipes subsp. serenaeus (Coincy) Rivas Goday; Veg. Fl. Guadiana 677 (1964)

= Dianthus crassipes subsp. serenaeus (Coincy) Rivas Goday ex Rivas Mart., A.Asensi, Molero Mesa & F.Valle; Rivasgodaya 6: 29 (1991)

= Dianthus ferrugineus Mill.; Gard. Dict. ed. 8: n 9. (1768)

= Dianthus serenaeus Coincy; J. Bot. (Morot) 12: 53 (1898)

species :

Dianthus crenatus Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 1: 81 (1794)

Distribution: South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus inaequalis E.Mey.; Zwei Pflanzengeogr. Docum. [Drège] 178 (1843)

species :

Dianthus cretaceus Adams; Weber & Mohr, Beitr. Naturk. 1: 56 (1805)

subspecies :

subsp. cretaceus

Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia); Iran (N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan)

33 ARM AZE GEO 34 IRN TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus bracteatus Willd. ex Ser.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 360 (1824)

= Dianthus liboschitzianus Ser.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 360 (1824)

= Dianthus liboschitzianus var. integerrimus Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 487 (1867)

= Dianthus petraeus M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 328 (1808), nom. illeg.

subspecies :

subsp. dmanissianus (M.Kuzmina) Nersesian; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 42: 113 (2011)

Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Azerbaijan

33 AZE GEO

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus dmanissianus M.Kuzmina; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 81(8): 80 (1996)

subspecies :

subsp. multicaulis (Boiss. & A.Huet) Nersesian; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 42: 112 (2011)

Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia)

33 ARM AZE GEO 34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus cretaceus var. multicaulis (Boiss. & A.Huet) Grossh.; Fl. Kavkaza 2: 430 (1930)

= Dianthus liboschitzianus var. multicaulis (Boiss. & A.Huet) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 487 (1867)

= Dianthus multicaulis Boiss. & A.Huet; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 2, 5: 53 (1856)

= Dianthus siemienkiewiczii Bordz.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 30: 364 (1932)

subspecies :

subsp. sevanensis Nersesian; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 42: 113 (2011)

Distribution: Armenia

33 ARM

species :

Dianthus cribrarius Clementi; Mém. Reale Accad. Sci. Torino ser. 2, 16: 20, t. 2 (1855)

Distribution: Armenia; Azerbaijan (Nachichevan); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia)

33 ARM AZE 34 TUR

Remarks: pinifolius agg.

species :

Dianthus crinitus Sm.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 2: 300 (1794)

subspecies :

subsp. crinitus

Name: Langhaarige Nelke (DE); Long-haired Pink (EN)

Distribution: Morocco; Algeria (incl. Hoggar); Tunisia; Libya; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Talysh, Nachichevan); East Aegaean Isl. (Rhodos); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia); Iran (EC-Iran, E-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Syria (W-Syrian Mountains); United Arab Emirates; Oman; ?Tibet; Pakistan (Baluchistan, Waziristan, Kurram, N. W. Frontier Prov., Peshawar, Pakistani Punjab, Chitral, Swat); NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir)

20 ALG LBY MOR TUN 33 ARM AZE GEO 34 EAI IRN SYR TUR 35 OMA UAE 40 IND PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus amoenus Pomel; Bull. Soc. Sci. Phys. Algerie 11: 210 (1874)

= Dianthus crinitus var. amoenus (Pomel) Maire; Fl. Afrique N. 10: 300 (1963)

= Dianthus crinitus var. argaeus Aytaç & H.Duman; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 41: 217 (2004)

= Dianthus crinitus var. australis Maire; [nom. superfl.]

= Dianthus crinitus var. flaviflorus Emb.; Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc. 15: 196 (1935)

= Dianthus fimbriatus Hohen.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 6: 232 (1833)

= Dianthus ibericus Steven ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 1: 283 (1842)

subspecies :

subsp. baldzhuanicus (Lincz.) Rech.f.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 151(3-4): 285 (1986)

Distribution: Uzbekistan (Hissar, Darvaz); Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Badghys, Balkh, Bamyan, Faryab, Ghorat, Herat, Orozgan / Daykundi)

32 TZK UZB 34 AFG

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus baldzhuanicus Lincz.; Trudy Tadzhik. Bazy Nauk URSS 8: 629 (1940)

subspecies :

subsp. kermanensis Rech.f.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 151(3-4): 286 (1986)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

subspecies :

subsp. nuristanicus (Gilli) Rech.f.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 151(3-4): 285 (1986)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Bamyan, Ghazni, Kunar / Nuristan, Nangarhar, Paktia / Khost); Pakistan

34 AFG 40 PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus nuristanicus Gilli; Feddes Repert. 59: 162 (1956)

subspecies :

subsp. soongoricus (Schischk.) Kozhevn.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 22: 112 (1985)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; China (N-Xinjiang); W-Mongolia

32 KAZ 36 CHI 37 MON

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus soongoricus Schischk.; Fl. URSS 6: 853, 899 (1936)

subspecies :

subsp. tetralepis (Nevski) Rech.f.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 151(3-4): 286 (1986)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Badakshan, Baghlan, Faryab, Herat, Samangan)

32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 34 AFG

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus tetralepis Nevski; Fl. URSS 6: 854, 899 (1936)

species :

Dianthus crossopetalus (Fenzl ex Boiss.) Grossh.; Fl. Kavk. 2: 428 (1930)

Distribution: Armenia; Azerbaijan (Talysh, Nachichevan); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran)

33 ARM AZE 34 IRN TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus crinitus var. crossopetalus Fenzl ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 496 (1867)

species :

Dianthus cruentus Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 1: 186 (1843)

Name: Blutrote Nelke (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (mountains of N-, NE- & C-Greece, N-Peloponnisos); Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iran (EC-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan)

11 ger 13 ALB BUL GRC KOS MNT NMA SRB TUE 33 ARM AZE GEO 34 IRN TUR

Remarks: giganteus agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus ambiguus Pancic; Fl. Serbiae 178 (1874), nom. illeg.

= Dianthus baldaccii Degen; Magyar Bot. Lapok 5: 275 (1906)

= Dianthus brachyzonus Borbás & Formánek; Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn 35: 194 (1897)

= Dianthus brachyzonus subsp. villiger (Bornm.) Micevski; Prilozi Oddel. Biol. Med. Nauki Makedonska Akad. Nauk. Umet., 8(1-2): 45 (1987 publ. 1990)

= Dianthus calocephalus Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 6: 23 (1846)

= Dianthus calocephalus var. villiger Bornm.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 59: 400 (1925)

= Dianthus cibrarius var. leucolepis Hausskn.; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Vereins N. F. 5: 54 (1893)

= Dianthus consanguineus Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 93 (1866)

= Dianthus cruentus subsp. turcicus (Velen.) Stoj. & Acht.; Stoj. & Stef., Fl. Bulg. ed. 3: 405 (1948)

= Dianthus cruentus var. micropetalus Pancic; Verh. Zool.-Bot. Vereins Wien 6: 501 (1856)

= Dianthus fastigiatus Pant.; Verh. Ver. Natur- u. Heilk. Presb. 2: 105 (1871 publ. 1872)

= Dianthus holzmannianus Heldr. & Hausskn. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2(1): 58 (1889), nom. illeg.

= Dianthus hyalolepis Acht. & Lindtner; Bull. Inst. Roy. Hist. Nat. Sofia 13: 195 (1940)

= Dianthus lateritius Halácsy; Consp. Fl. Graec. 1: 213 (1900)

= Dianthus quadrangulus Velen.; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. Prag, Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. 1892: 372 (1893)

= Dianthus turcicus Velen.; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. Prag, Math.-Naturwiss. Cl., 373 1893 (basion.) (1892)

= Dianthus villiger (Bornm.) Bornm.; Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 32: 27 (1926 publ. 1927)

species :

Dianthus cyprius A.K.Jacks. & Turrill; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1938: 462 (1938)

Distribution: Cyprus (E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus)

34 CYP

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus pendulus subsp. cyprius (A.K.Jacks. & Turrill) B.F.Osorio & Seraphim; List Vasc. Pl. Cyprus 37 (1973) (comb. inval.)

species :

Dianthus cyri Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Index Sem. (St. Petersburg [Petropolitanus]) 4: 34 (1838)

Distribution: Egypt (Desert Oases, Nile Delta); Kazakhstan; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Iran (E-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Kandahar); Lebanon (coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert); Israel (Rift Valley, N-Israel); Jordania (W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (Asir); Qatar; United Arab Emirates; Oman (Mascat & Oman)

20 EGY 32 KAZ 33 ARM AZE GEO 34 AFG IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR 35 OMA QAT SAU UAE

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus macrolepis Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1: 18 (1843)

species :

Dianthus daghestanicus Kharadze; Notul. Syst. Geogr. Inst. Bot. Tphilis., Fasc. 16, 47 (1951)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Azerbaijan

33 AZE GEO NCS

species :

Dianthus darvazicus Lincz.; Trudy Tadzhikistansk. Bazy 8: 632 (1940)

Distribution: Uzbekistan; Tajikistan

32 TZK UZB

species :

Dianthus deltoides L.; Sp. Pl. 411 (1753)

subspecies :

subsp. deltoides

Name: Heide-Nelke (DE), Maiden pink (EN)

Distribution: England; Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; ?Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; France; Channel Isl. [I]; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Malta; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Greece (mountains of N-Greece); Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; W-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, W-Siberia); Russian Far East [I] (Primorye [I]); Azerbaijan; India (Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir); New Zealand [I]; Canada [I] (Alberta [I], British Columbia [I], Manitoba [I], New Brunswick [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Prince Edward Isl. [I], Quebec [I], Saskatchewan [I]); USA [I] (Arkansas [I], California [I], Colorado [I], Connecticut [I], Illinois [I], Iowa [I], Maine [I], Massachusetts [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Missouri [I], Montana [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], North Carolina [I], Ohio [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], Utah [I], Vermont [I], Virginia [I], Washington [I], Wisconsin [I], Wyoming [I]); Argentina [I]

10 DEN FIN GRB NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO cis FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MLT MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SRB 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT MLD RUS UKR 30 SIB 31 rfe 33 AZE 40 IND 51 nzl 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 78 usa 85 arg

Synonyms: hidden

= Caryophyllus deltoides (L.) Moench; Methodus [Moench] 59 (1794)

= Caryophyllus glaucus (L.) Moench; Methodus [Moench] 59 (1794)

= Cylichnanthus deltoides (L.) Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyr. 262 (1867)

= Dianthus albus Schkuhr ex Steud.; Nom., ed. 2, 1: 498 (1840)

= Dianthus crenatus Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 2: 161 (1782), opus utique oppr.

= Dianthus deltoides f. brevilimbis Zapal.; 72 (1911)

= Dianthus deltoides f. diversifolius Zapal.; 71 (1911)

= Dianthus deltoides f. glaucus (L.) P.D.Sell; Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland 1: 686 (2018)

= Dianthus deltoides f. gracillimus Zapal.; 71 (1911)

= Dianthus deltoides f. latilimbis Zapal.; 71 (1911)

= Dianthus deltoides f. multiceps Zapal.; 70 (1911)

= Dianthus deltoides f. multiflorus Zapal.; 70 (1911)

= Dianthus deltoides f. recens Zapal.; 71 (1911)

= Dianthus deltoides f. serpyllifolius (Borbás) Zapal.; 72 (1911)

= Dianthus deltoides f. subfoliosus Zapal.; 71 (1911)

= Dianthus deltoides f. subgeminatus Zapal.; 72 (1911)

= Dianthus deltoides f. subscabrifolius Zapal.; 71 (1911)

= Dianthus deltoides f. subtectus Zapal.; 71 (1911)

= Dianthus deltoides proles nuriae Sennen & Pau; Treb. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 3: 83 (1917)

= Dianthus deltoides proles nurriae Sennen & Pau; Sennen, Treb. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 17: 83 (1917)

= Dianthus deltoides var. arcuatus Erdner; 562 (1911)

= Dianthus deltoides var. glaucus (L.) Ser.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 361 (1824)

= Dianthus deltoides var. glaucus (L.) Sm.; 300 (1794)

= Dianthus deltoides var. glaucus (L.) Trevir.; Index Sem. (WROCL, Wratislaviensi) 1818: 3 (1818)

= Dianthus deltoides var. linearifolius Zapal.; 72 (1911)

= Dianthus deltoides var. major Wibel; Prim. fl. Werthemensis 240 (1799)

= Dianthus deltoides var. minor Wibel; Prim. fl. Werthemensis 240 (1799)

= Dianthus deltoides var. montanus Klett & Richt.; Fl. Leipzig 376 (1830)

= Dianthus deltoides var. reptans H.Mart.; 77 (1817)

= Dianthus deltoides var. ruber Hartm.; Handb. Skand. Fl. 173 (1820)

= Dianthus deltoides var. stenopetalus Erdner; 562 (1911)

= Dianthus endressi Zahlbr. ex Conrath; Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 38: 51 (1888)

= Dianthus glaucus L.; Sp. Pl. 411 (1753)

= Dianthus supinus Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 2: 534 (1779)

= Dianthus volgensis Ser.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 361 (1824)

= Silene deltoides (L.) E.H.L.Krause; Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild., ed. 2, 5: 113 (1901)

subspecies :

subsp. degenii (Bald.) Strid; Willdenowia 13: 280 (1984)

Distribution: North Macedonia; Albania; NW-Greece (mountains)

13 ALB GRC NMA

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus degenii Bald.; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. ser. 2, 6: 27 (1899)

species :

Dianthus demirkushii Yild. & Kiliç; Ot Sist. Bot. Dergisi 26(2): 60 (2019)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Dianthus denaicus Assadi; Iran. J. Bot. 3: 17 (1985)

Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)

34 IRN

species :

Dianthus deserti Kotschy; Sitzb. Acad. Wiss. Wien Math.-Nat. Kl. 52: 262 (1866)

Distribution: Saudi Arabia (Hejaz, Asir); Yemen (SW-Yemen, W-Yemen)

35 SAU YEM

species :

Dianthus desideratus Strid; Strid & Kit Tan (eds.), Fl. Hellenica 1: 371 (1997)

Distribution: C-Greece (Sporades: Skopelos, Alonnisos, Gioura)

13 GRC

species :

Dianthus diffusus Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. 1: 285 (1809)

Distribution: North Macedonia; European Turkey; Greece (Attiki, Evvoia, Peloponnisos, Kiklades: Andros, Tinos, Naxos, Mikonos, Milos); Turkey (W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia)

13 GRC NMA TUE 34 TUR

Remarks: corymbosus agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus cylleneus Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 2, 1: 63 (1854)

= Dianthus glandulosopubescens Halácsy; Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot Ges. Wien 48: 706 (1898)

= Dianthus pubescens Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr 1: 286 (1809)

= Dianthus rupestris Friv. ex Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 1: 191 (1843)

= Dianthus syriacus F.N.Williams; J. Bot. 23: 346 (1885)

species :

Dianthus dilepis Rech.f.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 75: 361 (1951)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Badakshan)

34 AFG

species :

Dianthus diversifolius Assadi; Iran. J. Bot. 3: 40 (1985)

Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)

34 IRN

species :

Dianthus dobrogensis Prodan; Bul. Acad. Stud. Agron. Cluj 5: (1) 97 (1934)

Distribution: Romania; Bulgaria

13 BUL ROM

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus membranaceus Stoj. & Stef.; non Borbás

species :

Dianthus dumanii Hamzaoglu; TÃ¼rl. Hab. 1(1): 22, figs. 1-3 (2020)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Dianthus edetanus (M.B.Crespo & Mateo) M.B.Crespo & Mateo; Flora Montiber. 40: 64 (2008)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus hispanicus subsp. edetanus M.B.Crespo & Mateo; Flora Montiber. 20: 7 (2002)

species :

Dianthus elatus Bunge; Ledeb., Fl. Altaic. 2: 136 (1830)

Distribution: Siberia (Altai); Kazakhstan; China (N-Xinjiang)

30 SIB 32 KAZ 36 CHI

species :

Dianthus elbrusensis Kharadze; Notul. Syst. Geogr. Inst. Bot. Thbiliss., Fasc. 21, 48 (1959)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]

33 GEO NCS

species :

Dianthus eldivenus Czeczott; Acta Soc. Bot. Poloniae 9: 33 (1932)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Dianthus elegans d´Urv.; Enum. 46 (1822)

Name: Schöne Nelke (DE); Elegant Pink (EN)

Distribution: East Aegaean Isl. (Chios, Ikaria, Fourni, Samos, Kalimnos, Kos, Simi, Rhodos); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Syria (W-Syrian Mountains)

34 EAI SYR TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus actinopetalus Fenzl; Pug. Pl. Nov. Syr. 11 (1842)

= Dianthus actinopetalus var. elegans (d´Urv.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 500 (1867)

= Dianthus cous Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1: 20 (1843)

= Dianthus elegans var. actinopetalus (Fenzl) Reeve; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 28: 20 (1967)

= Dianthus elegans var. cous (Boiss.) Reeve; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 28: 20 (1967)

= Dianthus wawrae Freyn ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] Suppl. 79 (1888)

species :

Dianthus elongatus C.A.Mey.; Verz. Pfl. Casp. Meer. 211 (1831)

Distribution: Ukraine

14 UKR

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Dianthus elymaiticus Hausskn. & Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 19(2): 213 (1905)

Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)

34 IRN

species :

Dianthus engleri Hausskn. & Bornm.; Mitt. Geogr. Ges. (Thüringen) Jena 9: 16 (1891)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Dianthus eretmopetalus Stapf; Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien Math.-Nat. Kl. 51: 349 (1886)

Distribution: Turkey (SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Dianthus ernesti-mayeri Micevski & Matevski; Razpr. Slov. Akad. Znan. Umetn., Razr. Nar. Vede 42(2): 155 (2001)

Distribution: North Macedonia

13 NMA

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Dianthus erythrocoleus Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 493 (1867)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan)

34 IRN TUR

species :

Dianthus eugeniae Kleopow; Bull. Jard. Bot. Kieff, xii-xiii. 157, 161, in clavi (1931)

Distribution: C-European Russia; E-European Russia; E-Ukraine; N-Ukraine

14 RUS UKR

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus tesquicola Klokov; Bot. J. Akad. Sci. RSS Ucr. 5: 26 (1948)

species :

Dianthus excelsus Hooper; Hook. Ic. Pl. 37: 13, t. 3604 (1959), nom. nov.

Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Tanzania; Zambia

23 ZAI 25 TAN 26 ZAM

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus angolensis subsp. orientalis Turrill; Kew Bull. 9: 49 (1954)

species :

Dianthus falconeri Edgew. & Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 1: 214 (1874)

Distribution: Tibet; Pakistan (Deosai, Astor, Baltistan); NW-India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand)

36 TIB 40 IND PAK

species :

Dianthus fasciculatus (Boiss.) Fassou, N.Korotkova, Dimop. & Borsch; PhytoKeys 196: 114 (2022)

Distribution: Turkey (N-Anatolia, S-Anatolia); Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (N-Israel)

34 ISR LEB SYR TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Velezia fasciculata Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 1, 8: 92 (1849)

species :

Dianthus floribundus Boiss.; Tchihat., Asie Min. Bot. 1: 221 (1860)

Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Syria (Jazira)

33 ARM GEO 34 IRN SYR TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus schischkinii Grossh.; Notul. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS 11: 83 (1949)

species :

Dianthus formanekii Borbás ex Formánek; Verh. Naturf. Ver. Brünn 32: 39 (1894)

Distribution: North Macedonia; N-Greece (mountains of Greek Macedonia incl. Mt. Olimbos)

13 GRC NMA

Remarks: corymbosus agg.

species :

Dianthus fragrans M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 331 (1808)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Azerbaijan

33 AZE GEO NCS

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus liboschitzianus Hohen. ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 491 (1867), nom. inval.

= Dianthus tichomirovii Devyatov, Taisumov & Teimurov; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol., n. s., 104(2): 37 (1999)

species :

Dianthus freynii Vandas; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. Prag, Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. 255 (1889), Beck in Annal. Naturh-Hofmus. Wien 6: 332 (1890 publ. 1891)

Distribution: Montenegro; Bosnia & Hercegovina; ?Bulgaria

13 BIH MNT

Remarks: glacialis agg.

species :

Dianthus fruticosus L.; Sp. Pl. 413 (1753)

subspecies :

subsp. fruticosus

Distribution: Greece (Kiklades: Andros, Siros, Kea, Kithnos, Serifos, Sifnos, Milos, Folegandros, Sikinos, Anafi)

13 GRC

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus frutescens Houtt.; Nat. Hist. II. 5: 109 (1775)

subspecies :

subsp. amorginus Runemark; Bot. Not. 133: 485 (1980)

Distribution: Greece (Kiklades: Naxos, Denousa, Iraklia, Keros, Amorgos, Astipalea); Crete (Dragonada Isl.)

13 GRC KRI

subspecies :

subsp. carpathus Runemark; Bot. Not. 133: 487 (1980)

Distribution: East Aegaean Isl. (Kasos, Karpathos)

34 EAI

subspecies :

subsp. creticus (Tausch) Runemark; Bot. Not. 133: 488 (1980)

Distribution: Crete (scattered)

13 KRI

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus creticus Tausch; Flora (Regensburg) 13: 246 (1830)

subspecies :

subsp. karavius Runemark; Bot. Not. 133: 487 (1980)

Distribution: East Aegaean Isl. (Patmos)

34 EAI

subspecies :

subsp. occidentalis Runemark; Bot. Not. 133: 483 (1980)

Distribution: W-Greece (Ionian Isl., S-Peloponnisos, Idra Isl., Kithira, Andikithira); W-Crete

13 GRC KRI

subspecies :

subsp. rhodius (Rech.f.) Runemark; Bot. Not. 133: 486 (1980)

Name: Rhodische Nelke (DE); Rhodian Pink (EN)

Distribution: East Aegaean Isl. (Kalimnos, Nisyros, Simi, Tilos, Chalki, Rhodos)

34 EAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus rhodius Rech.f.; K. K. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Denkschr. 105(1): 156 (1943)

subspecies :

subsp. sitiacus Runemark; Bot. Not. 133: 488 (1980)

Distribution: E-Crete

13 KRI

species :

Dianthus furcatus Balb.; Mém. Acad. Sci. Turin, Sci. Phys. 1: 13 (1804)

subspecies :

subsp. furcatus

Distribution: France; Italy

12 FRA 13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus alpester Balb.; Mém. Acad. Sci. Turin, Sci. Phys. 1: 13 (1802)

= Dianthus caesius subsp. furcatus (Balb.) Bonnier; Fl. Ill. France 2: 46 (1913)

= Dianthus carthusianorum subsp. alpester (Balb.) Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 493 (1805)

= Dianthus furcatus var. humilis Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 189 (1896)

= Dianthus pungens Gren. & Godr.; Fl. France [Grenier] 1: 234 (1847), nom. inval.

= Dianthus seguieri var. alpester (Balb.) St.-Lag.; A. Cariot, Étude Fl., éd. 8 2: 101 (1889)

= Dianthus strictus var. tener (Balb.) Tanfani; Parl., Fl. Ital. 9: 272 (1892)

= Dianthus tener Balb.; Mém. Acad. Sci. Turin, Sci. Phys. 1: 14 (1802)

subspecies :

subsp. dissimilis (Burnat) Pignatti; Giorn. Bot. Ital. 107: 209 (1973)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus dissimilis (Burnat) Landolt; Fl. Indicativa 268 (2010)

= Dianthus furcatus var. dissimilis Burnat; Fl. Alpes Marit. 1: 230 (1892)

subspecies :

subsp. gyspergerae (Rouy) Briq.; Prodr. Fl. Corse 1: 572 (1910)

Distribution: Corsica

12 COR

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus furcatus subsp. gyspergerae (Rouy) Burnat ex Briq.; Prodr. Fl. Corse 1: 572 (1910)

= Dianthus furcatus var. gyspergerae (Rouy) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 331 (1936)

= Dianthus gyspergerae Rouy; Rev. Bot. Syst. Géogr. Bot. 1: 132 (1903)

subspecies :

subsp. lereschii (Burnat) Pignatti; Giorn. Bot. Ital. 107: 209 (1973)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus furcatus var. lereschii Burnat; Fl. Alpes Marit. 1: 230 (1892)

= Dianthus lereschii (Burnat) Landolt; Fl. Indicativa 268 (2010)

species :

Dianthus gabrielianae Nersesian; Takhtajania 1: 45 (2011)

Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia

33 ARM GEO

species :

Dianthus galicicae Micevski; Prilozi Oddel. Biol. Med. Nauki Makedonska Akad. Nauk. Umet., 8(1-2): 40 (1987 publ. 1990)

Distribution: North Macedonia

13 NMA

Remarks: provisionally accepted name, status doubtful

species :

Dianthus gallicus Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 495 (1805)

Distribution: N-Spain; W-France (coastal); Channel Isl. [I]

12 cis FRA SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus arenarius Thore; Essai Chl. 171 non L.

= Dianthus arenarius var. gallicus (Pers.) Lapeyr.; Hist. Pl. Pyrénées 243 (1813)

= Dianthus hyssopifolius subsp. gallicus (Pers.) M.Laínz & Muñoz Garm.; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 44(2): 572 (1987)

= Dianthus monspeliacus subsp. gallicus (Pers.) M.Laínz & Muñoz Garm.; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 42(1): 259 (1985)

= Dianthus monspessulanus var. albidus Timb.-Lagr.; Ess. Pl. Dauph. 181 (1871)

= Dianthus monspessulanus var. barbatus St.-Lag.; A. Cariot, Étude Fl., éd. 8 2: 105 (1889)

= Dianthus monspessulanus var. gallicus (Pers.) Pau; Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 19: 60 (1921)

= Dianthus monspessulanus var. latifolius Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 182 (1896)

= Dianthus monspessulanus var. plumosus W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv., ed. 2: 107 (1844)

species :

Dianthus gasparrinii Guss.; Fl. Sicul. Syn. 1: 479 (1843)

Distribution: Sicily

13 SIC

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus caryophyllus subsp. gasparrinii (Guss.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital., ed. 2: 306 (1894)

species :

Dianthus genargenteus Bacch., Brullo, Casti & Giusso; Nordic J. Bot. 28(2): 145 (2010)

Distribution: Sardinia

12 SAR

species :

Dianthus giganteiformis Borbás; Math. Term. Közlem. 12: 83 (1876), et Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 41: 32 (1891)

Distribution: Austria; Slovakia; Hungary; Italy; Croatia; Serbia; Romania; Bulgaria; Ukraine; Crimea

11 AUT HUN SLO 13 BUL CRO ITA ROM SRB 14 KRY UKR

Remarks: carthusianorum agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus giganteiformis subsp. kladovanus (O.Deg.) Soó; Feddes Repert. 83(3): 161 (1972)

= Dianthus giganteiformis var. comanae Prodan

= Dianthus kladovanus Degen; Magyar Bot. Lapok 4: 122 (1905)

= Dianthus pontederae subsp. giganteiformis (Borbás) Soó; Acta Geobot. Hung. 2: 78 (1938)

= Dianthus pontederae subsp. kladovanus (Degen) Stoj. & Acht.; Sborn. Bulg. Akad. Nauk. 29(2): 14 (1935)

= Dianthus rogowiczii Kleopow; Bull. Jard. Bot. Kieff, xii-xiii. 156, 160, in clavi (1931)

= Dianthus sabuletorum Heuff.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 8: 26 (1858)

= Dianthus sabuletorum subsp. giganteiformis (Borbás) Soó; Acta Geobot. Hung. 2: 78 (1938)

= Dianthus sabuletorum subsp. kladovanus (Degen) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 19(2): 214 (1984)

= Dianthus sabuletorum subsp. serpentini (Podp.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 19: 214 (1984)

= Dianthus tenuifolius subsp. serpentini Podp.; Spisy Prír. Fak. Masarykovy Univ. 12: 20 (1922)

= Dianthus ×comanae (Prodan) Prodan; Savul. Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Roman. 2: 284 (1953)

species :

Dianthus giganteus d´Urv.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 301 (1822)

subspecies :

subsp. giganteus

Name: Riesen-Nelke (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Slovenia; Croatia; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (mostly N-Greece, rare C-Greece); East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos); Turkey (Anatolia)

11 ger 13 ALB BUL CRO GRC KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SRB TUE 34 EAI TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus carthusianorum Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prod. 1: 283 (1809) non L.

= Dianthus giganteus subsp. haynaldianus (Borbás) Tutin; Feddes Repert. 68: 191 (1963)

= Dianthus giganteus subsp. subgiganteus (Borbás ex Formánek) Hayek; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 94: 138 (1917 publ. 1918)

= Dianthus haynaldianus Borbás; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 38: 144 (1888), nom. superfl.

= Dianthus intermedius Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 515 (1867)

= Dianthus subgiganteus Borbás ex Formánek; Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn 32: 181 (1894)

subspecies :

subsp. banaticus (Heuff.) Tutin; Feddes Repert. 68: 191 (1963)

Distribution: Serbia; Romania

13 ROM SRB

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus banaticus (Heuff.) Dörfl.; Exsicc. (Herb. Norm.) 1894: no. 3018 (1894)

= Dianthus banaticus Heuff. ex Griseb. & Schenk; Arch. Naturgesch. (Berlin) 18(1): 301 (1852)

= Dianthus carthusianorum var. banaticus Heuff.; Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 8: 68 (1858)

subspecies :

subsp. croaticus (Borbás) Tutin; Feddes Repert. 70: 4 (1965)

Distribution: Slovenia; Croatia; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; Bulgaria

13 BUL CRO KOS MNT SLV SRB

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus croaticus Borbás; Termeszettud. Közl. 18: 36 (1876)

subspecies :

subsp. vandasii (Velen.) Stoj. & Acht.; Sborn. Bulg. Akad. Nauk. 29(2): 49 (1935)

Distribution: Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey

13 BUL ROM TUE

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus vandasii Velen.; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. Prag, Math.-Naturwiss. Cl 1893(37): 16 (1893)

species :

Dianthus glacialis Haenke; Jacq., Collectanea 2: 84 (1789)

subspecies :

subsp. glacialis

Name: Gletscher-Nelke

Distribution: Switzerland; Austria; Italy

11 AUT SWI 13 ITA

Remarks: glacialis agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus alpinus var. glacialis (Haenke) Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(II): 533 (1862), nom. superfl.

= Dianthus alpinus var. subacaulis Roth; Enum. Pl. Phaen. Germ. 1(2): 282 (1827)

= Dianthus glacialis f. reducta Fornac.; Giorn. Bot. Ital. 107(5): 246 (1973)

= Dianthus glacialis var. acaulis Ser.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 362 (1824)

= Dianthus glacialis var. latifolius Ser.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 362 (1824)

subspecies :

subsp. gelidus (Schott, Nyman & Kotschy) Tutin; Feddes Repert. 68: 190 (1963)

Distribution: Poland; Slovakia; Romania

11 POL SLO 13 ROM

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus gelidus Schott, Nyman & Kotschy; Analect. Bot. 54 (1854)

species :

Dianthus glutinosus Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 2, 1: 61 (1854)

Distribution: NE-Greece (rare, also Limnos); East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos); Turkey (W-Anatolia)

13 GRC 34 EAI TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus pubescens d´Urv.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 303 (1822)

variant :

var. gokceadaensis Hamzaoglu & Koç; Biol. Diversity Conservation 11(3): 152, fig. 1 (2018)

Distribution: Turkey (W-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Dianthus goekayi Kaynak, Yilmaz & Daskin; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 48(1): 74 (2011)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Dianthus goerkii Hartvig & Strid; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 108: 321, f. 10 (1987)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia)

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus leucophaeus Sm. var. patens Reeve; Not. Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 28: 20 (1967) (non D. patens Willd.)

species :

Dianthus gracilis Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. 1: 288 (1809)

subspecies :

subsp. gracilis

Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; Greece (scattered N-Greece, rare Attiki)

13 ALB BUL GRC KOS NMA SRB

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus athous Rech.f.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 31: 159 (1932)

= Dianthus biflorus Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 1(2/3): 189 (1843)

= Dianthus gracilis var. oetaeus Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] Suppl. 80 (1888)

= Dianthus oetaeus Heldr. ex Nyman; Consp. 2(1): (1889) 57, nomen

subspecies :

subsp. armerioides (Griseb.) Tutin; Feddes Repert. 68: 191 (1963)

Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria

13 ALB BUL KOS NMA SRB

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus albanicus Wettst.; Luerss. Bibl. Bot. Heft 26: 34 (1892)

= Dianthus callosus Velen.; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. 8: 5 (1910 publ. 1911)

= Dianthus gracilis var. armerioides Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 1: 190 (1843)

= Dianthus suskalovicii (Adamovic) Adamovic; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 55: 179 (1905)

subspecies :

subsp. drenowskianus (Rech.f.) Strid; Willdenowia 13: 281 (1984)

Distribution: S-Bulgaria; NE-Greece

13 BUL GRC

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus drenowskianus Rech.f.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 31: 158 (1932)

subspecies :

subsp. friwaldskyanus (Boiss.) Tutin; Feddes Repert. 68: 191 (1963)

Distribution: North Macedonia; Bulgaria; NE-Greece (rare)

13 BUL GRC NMA

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus friwaldskyanus Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 2, 1: 65 (1854)

= Dianthus diffusus Griseb.; Spicil. Fl. Rumel. 1: 191 (1843)

subspecies :

subsp. xanthinus (Davidov) Tutin; Feddes Repert. 68: 191 (1963)

Distribution: Bulgaria; NE-Greece (incl. Thasos)

13 BUL GRC

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus achtarovii Stoj. & Kitan.; Izv. Bulg. Bot. Drui. 9: 94 (1943)

= Dianthus gracilis subsp. achtarovii (Stoj. & Kitan.) Tutin; Feddes Repert. 68: 191 (1963)

= Dianthus xanthinus Davidov; Trav. Soc. Bulg. Sci. Nat. 8: 56 (1915)

species :

Dianthus graminifolius C.Presl; Fl. Sicul. 147 (1826)

Distribution: Sicily

13 SIC

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus arrostoi var. graminifolius (C.Presl) Lojac.; Fl. Sicul. 1: 164 (1889)

species :

Dianthus graniticus Jord.; Observ. Pl. Nouv. 7: 13 (1849)

Distribution: France (Auvergne, Cévennes)

12 FRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus hirtus subsp. graniticus (Jord.) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 177 (1896)

species :

Dianthus gratianopolitanus Vill.; Hist. Pl. Dauphiné [Villars] 3: 598 (1789)

Name: Pfingst-Nelke (DE), Cheddar pink (EN)

Distribution: England; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Niedersachsen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; E-France; Italy; Ukraine; Canada [I] (Ontario [I])

10 GRB 11 AUT BGM CZE GER LUX POL SLO SWI 12 FRA 13 ITA 14 UKR 72 cdn

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus caesius proles pulchellus (Pers.) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 175 (1896)

= Dianthus caesius Sm.; Sowerby, Engl. Bot.: tab. 62 (1792)

= Dianthus caesius subsp. adscendens Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 3: 158 (1828)

= Dianthus caesius subsp. montanus Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 3: 159 (1828)

= Dianthus caesius var. adscendens Moritzi; 222 (1832)

= Dianthus caesius var. angustifolius Erdner; 563 (1911)

= Dianthus caesius var. flaccidus (Fieber) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 174 (1896)

= Dianthus caesius var. montanus Moritzi; 222 (1832)

= Dianthus caesius var. nanus Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 3: 159 (1828)

= Dianthus flaccidus Fieber; Flora (Regensburg) 17: 633 (1834)

= Dianthus furcatus proles pedemontanus Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 188 (1896)

= Dianthus furcatus var. pedemontanus (Rouy & Foucaud) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 331 (1936)

= Dianthus glaucus Huds.; Fl. Angl. (Huds.) (ed. 2) 1: 185 (1778), nom. illeg.

= Dianthus gratianopolitanus var. montanus (Gaudin) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 330 (1936)

= Dianthus pulchellus Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 495 (1805)

= Dianthus suavis Willd.; Enum. Pl. Suppl. [Willdenow] 24 (1814)

= Silene caesia (Sm.) E.H.L.Krause; Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild., ed. 2, 5: 112 (1901), nom. illeg.

species :

Dianthus grossheimii Schischk.; Trud. Bot. Inst., Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Azerb. Fil., Baku 2: 278 (1936), et inActa Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS, Ser. 1: Fasc. 3, 186 (1937)

Distribution: Armenia

33 ARM

species :

Dianthus guessfeldtianus Muschl.; Man. Fl. Egypt 330 (1912)

Distribution: Egypt (Eastern Desert)

20 EGY

species :

Dianthus guliae Janka; J. Bot. 12: 338 (1874)

Distribution: S-Italy

13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus carthusianorum var. guliae (Janka) Tanfani; Parl., Fl. Ital. 9: 254 (1892)

= Dianthus liburnicus var. guliae (Janka) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. 85 (1882)

species :

Dianthus guttatus M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 328 (1808)

Distribution: Romania; Moldova; Ukraine

13 ROM 14 MLD UKR

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus guttatus subsp. divaricatus Prodan; Savul., Fl. Republ. Popul. Române 2: 669 (1953)

= Dianthus guttatus subsp. mariae Kleopow; Zhurn. Inst. Bot. Vseukraïns´k. Akad. Nauk 21-22: 244 (1939)

= Dianthus mariae (Kleopow) Klokov; Bot. Zurn. (Kiev) 5: 27 (1948)

= Dianthus pseudogrisebachii Grecescu; Consp. Fl. Român. 100 (1898)

species :

Dianthus haematocalyx Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 2, 1: 65 (1854)

subspecies :

subsp. haematocalyx

Distribution: North Macedonia; Albania; NC-Greece (mountains, mostly Greek Macedonia)

13 ALB GRC NMA

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus haematocalyx var. alpinus Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 2, 1: 66 (1854)

= Dianthus alpinus Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prod. 1: 288 (1809), nom. illeg.

= Dianthus haematocalyx f. olympica Stoj. & Jordanov; God. Sofiisk. Univ. Fiz.-Mat. Fak. 34: 178 (1937-1938 publ. 1938)

subspecies :

subsp. phitosianus Constantin.; Phyton (Horn) 39(2): 279 (1999)

Distribution: C-Greece (around Korinth)

13 GRC

subspecies :

subsp. pindicola (Vierh.) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 30(1): 240 (1924)

Distribution: North Macedonia; Albania; NW-Greece (mountains)

13 ALB GRC NMA

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus jacupicensis (Kosanin) Micevski; Prilozi Oddel. Biol. Med. Nauki Makedonska Akad. Nauk. Umet., 8(1-2): 41 (1987 publ. 1990)

= Dianthus pindicola var. jacupicensis Kosanin; Glas Srpske Kral. Akad. 85(5): 234 (1911)

= Dianthus pindicola Vierh.; Verh. K. K. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 47: 33 (1897)

subspecies :

subsp. pruinosus (Boiss. & Orph.) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 30(1): 240 (1924)

Distribution: Greece (Thessalia)

13 GRC

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus pruinosus Boiss. & Orph.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 2, 6: 28 (1859)

subspecies :

subsp. ventricosus Maire & Petitm.; Bull. Soc. Sci. Nancy ser. 3, 9: 193 (1908)

Distribution: C-Greece (mountains around Mt. Giona and Mt. Parnassos)

13 GRC

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus haematocalyx subsp. sibthorpii (Vierh.) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 30(1): 240 (1924)

= Dianthus sibthorpii Vierh.; Verh. K. K. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 47: 33 (1897)

= Dianthus ventricosus Heldr. ex Halácsy; Consp. Fl. Graec. 1: 204 (1900), nom. illeg.

species :

Dianthus hafezii Assadi; Iran. J. Bot. 3: 40 (1985)

Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)

34 IRN

species :

Dianthus halisdemirii Hamzaoglu & Koç; KSÜ Tarim Doga Derg. 21(4): 548, fig. 2-6 (2018)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Dianthus hamzaoglui Koç; Phytotaxa 439(1): 58 (2020)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Dianthus harrissii Rech.f.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 142(3-4): 240 (1983)

Distribution: ?W-Tibet; N-Pakistan (Chitral)

40 PAK

species :

Dianthus helenae Vved.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Uzbekistansk. Fil. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 3: 10 (1941)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan

32 KAZ UZB

species :

Dianthus henteri Heuff. ex Griseb. & Schenk; Wiegm. Archiv 18(1): 303 (1852)

Distribution: Romania

13 ROM

species :

Dianthus hispidus (Boiss. & Balansa) Fassou, N.Korotkova, Dimop. & Borsch; PhytoKeys 196: 113 (2022)

Distribution: Turkey (SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Velezia hispida Boiss. & Balansa; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 2, 5: 57 (1856)

species :

Dianthus hoeltzeri C.Winkl.; Regel, Gartenfl. (1881) 1

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; China (N-Xinjiang); W-Mongolia

32 KAZ UZB 36 CHI 37 MON

Remarks: sometimes included in D. superbus

species :

Dianthus holopetalus Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 27(2): 369 (1854)

Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus crenatus Eckl. & Zeyh. ex Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 1: 123 (1860)

species :

Dianthus humilis Willd. ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 1: 280 (1842)

Distribution: S-Ukraine; Crimea

14 KRY UKR

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus hirtus M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 326 (1808)

= Dianthus sterilis Steven ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 505 (1867)

= Dianthus virgineus Hablitz ex M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 326 (1808)

species :

Dianthus hymenolepis Boiss.Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 1, 8: 64 (1849)

subspecies :

subsp. hymenolepis

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq)

34 IRQ TUR

subspecies :

subsp. bingolensis Hamzaoglu & Behcet; KSÜ Tarim Doga Derg. 23(6): 1530 (2020)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Dianthus hypanicus Andrz.; Ischisl. Rast. Podolsk. Gub. 1: 18 (1860), Klokov in Sci. Mag. Biol., II. (1927)

Distribution: SC-Ukraine

14 UKR

species :

Dianthus hyrcanicus Rech.f.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 142: 241 (1983)

Distribution: Iran (NW-Iran)

34 IRN

species :

Dianthus hyssopifolius L.; Cent. Pl. 1: 11 (1755)

Name: Montpellier-Nelke (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Switzerland; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Montenegro; Albania

11 ger SWI 12 ADO FRA POR SPA 13 ALB CRO ITA MNT SLV

Remarks: monspessulanus agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus acuminatus Tausch; Syll. Pl. Nov. 2: 242 (1828)

= Dianthus alpestris Sternb.; Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild. 28 (1809)

= Dianthus ambiguus Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 303 (1796)

= Dianthus condensatus Kil.; Linnaea 32: 532 (1863)

= Dianthus controversus Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 3: 157 (1828)

= Dianthus eynensis Sennen; Bol. Soc. Iber. Ci. Nat. 25: 148 (1926)

= Dianthus fimbriatus subsp. monspessulanus (L.) Bonnier & Layens; 47 (1894)

= Dianthus fimbriatus var. monspeliacus (L.) Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 2: 538 (1779), orth. var.

= Dianthus hyssopifolius subsp. monspessulanus (L.) Graebn. & Graebn.f.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 5(2): 433 (1922)

= Dianthus monspessulanus L.; Amoen. Acad. 4: 1313 (1759)

= Dianthus monspessulanus subsp. correvonis Sennen; Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.) 1928: no. 6525 (1929)

= Dianthus monspessulanus var. alpestris (Sternb.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. 87 (1882)

= Dianthus monspessulanus var. alpicola W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 1: 99 (1835)

= Dianthus monspessulanus var. brevifolius Ser.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 365 (1824)

= Dianthus monspessulanus var. correvonis Sennen; Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.) 1928: no. 6525 (1929)

= Dianthus monspessulanus var. jacetanus P.Monts.; Soc. Ech. Pl. Vasc. Eur. Occid. Bassin Médit. Bull. 18: 72 (1981)

= Dianthus monspessulanus var. monanthus Sennen; Bol. Soc. Iber. Ci. Nat. 25: 206 (1926)

= Dianthus monspessulanus var. oliganthus Sennen; Bol. Soc. Iber. Ci. Nat. 25: 206 (1926)

= Dianthus monspessulanus var. pentagonalis Merino; Mem. Real Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 2: 510 (1904)

= Dianthus monspessulanus var. plumosus (DC. ex Spreng.) Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 6: 355 (1830)

= Dianthus monspessulanus var. suaveolens (Spreng.) Trevir.; Index Sem. (WROCL, Wratislaviensi) 1821(App. 3): 1 (1821)

= Dianthus odoratissimus Vest ex Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 2: 807 (1832)

= Dianthus oreades Balb. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 104 (1878)

= Dianthus plumosus DC. ex Spreng.; Pl. Min. Cogn. Pug. 2: 64 (1815)

= Dianthus saxatilis Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 494 (1805)

= Dianthus seguieri subsp. controversus (Gaudin) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. 84 (1882)

= Dianthus seguieri var. controversus (Gaudin) W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 1: 96 (1835)

= Dianthus sprengelii G.Don; Gen. Hist. 1: 394 (1831)

= Dianthus suaveolens Spreng.; Novi Provent. 16 (1818)

= Tunica arenaria Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 1: 301 (1771)

species :

Dianthus ichnusae Bacch., Brullo, Casti & Giusso; Nordic J. Bot. 28(2): 146 (2010)

subspecies :

subsp. ichnusae

Distribution: Sardinia

12 SAR

subspecies :

subsp. toddei Bacch., Brullo, Casti & Giusso; Nordic J. Bot. 28(2): 147 (2010)

Distribution: Sardinia

12 SAR

species :

Dianthus illyricus (Ard.) Fassou, N.Korotkova, Dimop. & Borsch; PhytoKeys 196: 113 (2022)

subspecies :

subsp. illyricus

Distribution: Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Greece (scattered mainland, Evvoia, Ionian Isl.)

13 ALB GRC KOS MNT NMA SRB

Remarks: illyrica agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Fiedleria illyrica (Ard.) Rchb.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. (H. G. L. Rchb.) 6: 42, t. 246 (1842-1844)

= Gypsophila cretica Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 1(2/3): 184 (1843), nom. illeg.

= Gypsophila illyrica (Ard.) Nyman; Syll. 237 (1855)

= Gypsophila illyrica (Ard.) Sm.; Sibth. & Sm., Fl. Graec. Prodr. 1: 281 (1809)

= Petrorhagia illyrica (Ard.) P.W.Ball & Heywood; Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Bot. 3: 133 (1964)

= Saponaria illyrica Ard.; Animadv. Bot. Specim. Alt. 24 (1164), et L., Mant. Pl. 70 (1767)

= Tunica illyrica (Ard.) Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Index Sem. (St. Petersburg [Petropolitanus]) 4: 49 (1838)

subspecies :

subsp. angustifolius (Poir.) Fassou, N.Korotkova, Dimop. & Borsch; PhytoKeys 196: 113 (2022)

Distribution: Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (NW-coastal Egypt)

20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthella compressa (Desf.) Pomel; Mat. Fl. Atl. 9 (1860)

= Dianthella compressa var. australis Batt.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 46: 282 (1899)

= Gypsophila compressa Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 1: 343. t. 97 (1798)

= Petrorhagia illyrica subsp. angustifolia (Poir.) P.W.Ball & Heywood; Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Bot. 3: 136 (1964)

= Silene angustifolia Poir.; Voy. Barbaric 2: 164 (1789)

= Tunica angustifolia (Poir.) Briq.; Prodr. Fl. Corse 1: 544 (1910)

= Tunica angustifolia var. australis (Batt.) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 2: 235 (1932)

= Tunica compressa (Desf.) Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Index Sem. Hort. Petrop. 4: 50 (1838)

= Tunica compressa f. levis Pamp.; Arch. Bot. 12: 10 (1936)

= Tunica compressa var. australis (Batt.) Pamp.; Piantae Tripol. 85 (1914)

= Tunica davaeana Coss.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 36: 103 (1889)

= Tunica illyrica f. albida Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 31: 100 (1940)

= Tunica illyrica subsp. angustifolia (Poir.) Maire; Bull. S. C. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 30: 265 (1939)

= Tunica illyrica var. australis (Batt.) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 30: 265 (1939)

= Tunica illyrica var. levis (Pamp.) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 30: 265 (1939)

= Tunica scoparia Pamp.; Arch. Bot. (Forlì) 12: 25 (1936)

subspecies :

subsp. haynaldianus (Nyman) Fassou, N.Korotkova, Dimop. & Borsch; PhytoKeys 196: 113 (2022)

Distribution: Italy; Sicily; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Greece (scattered mainland)

13 ALB BUL GRC ITA KOS NMA ROM SIC SRB

Synonyms: hidden

= Gypsophila haynaldiana Janka; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 20: 316 (1870)

= Petrorhagia illyrica subsp. haynaldiana (Janka) P.W.Ball & Heywood; Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Bot. 3: 134 (1964)

= Tunica haynaldiana Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2(1): 57 (1889)

= Tunica illyrica var. haynaldiana (Nyman) Hayek; Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balcan. 1: 222 (1924)

subspecies :

subsp. taygeteus (Boiss.) Fassou, N.Korotkova, Dimop. & Borsch; PhytoKeys 196: 114 (2022)

Distribution: Greece (C- & S-Peloponnisos); Crete (mountains)

13 GRC KRI

Synonyms: hidden

= Petrorhagia illyrica subsp. taygetea (Boiss.) P.W.Ball & Heywood; Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Bot. 3: 135 (1964)

= Tunica filiformis Post; Bull. Herb. Boiss. 1: 411 (1893)

= Tunica illyrica var. taygetea Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 521 (1867)

= Tunica taygetea (Boiss.) P.H.Davis; Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb. 22: 165 (1957)

species :

Dianthus imereticus (Rupr.) Schischk.; Bull. Mus. Georgie 5: 123 (1928 publ. 1930)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]

33 GEO NCS

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus charadzeae Gagnidze & Gvin.; Zametki Sist. Geogr. Rast. 37: 25 (1981)

= Dianthus montanus f. imereticus Rupr.; Mém. Acad. Sci. Petersb., ser. 7, 15(2): 173 (1869)

species :

Dianthus inamoenus Schischk.; Fl. URSS 6: 897 (1936)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; NE-Turkey; Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan, ?NE-Iran)

33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus lenkoranicus Kharadze; Zametki Sist. Geogr. Rast. 16: 46 (1951)

= Dianthus pallens subsp. inamoenus (Schischk.) Sanda

species :

Dianthus ingoldbyi Turrill; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1924: 314 (1924)

Distribution: European Turkey; NE-Greece (very rare, coastal near Alexandroupolis)

13 GRC TUE

species :

Dianthus inodorus (L.) Gaertn.; Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 227 (1791)

Distribution: Germany (Bayern); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; SE-France; N-Italy

11 AUT GER LIE SWI 12 FRA 13 ITA

Remarks: sylvestris agg., see Gargano et al. (2023) for separation of 3 species sylvestris - inodorus - virgineus. The synonymy is incomplete and mostly hidden in D. sylvestris. It is likely that the population in the Bavarian Alps belongs to D. inodorus.

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus caryophyllus var. inodorus L.; Sp. Pl. 1: 410 (1753)

= Dianthus caryophyllus var. juratensis Gren.; Fl. Jurass. 105 (1865)

= Dianthus juratensis Jord.; Billot, Annot. Fl. France Allemagne 47 (1855), et Jord. & Fourr., Icon. Fl. Eur. 3: 32 (1903)

species :

Dianthus insularis Bacch., Brullo, Casti & Giusso; Nordic J. Bot. 28(2): 156 (2010)

Distribution: Sardinia

12 SAR

species :

Dianthus integer Vis.; Flora (Regensburg) 12, Ergänzungsbl. 1: 11 (1829)

subspecies :

subsp. integer

Distribution: Croatia; Montenegro; Kosovo; Albania

13 ALB CRO KOS MNT

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus integer subsp. macedonicus Trinajstic; Suppl. Fl. Anal. Jugosl. 6: 8 (1980)

= Dianthus nicolai Beck & Szyszyl.; Pl. Crnag. Raspr. Spraw. Wydz. Mat. Przyr. Ak. Krak. 65 (1888)

= Dianthus petraeus subsp. integer (Vis.) Tutin; Feddes Repert. 68: 190 (1963)

= Dianthus prenjus Beck; Wiss. Mitt. Bosnien & Herzegovina 11: 488 (1909)

subspecies :

subsp. minutiflorus (Halácsy) Bornm.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 49: 388 (1935)

Distribution: Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Greece (mountains of NW-, C-Greece, N-Peloponnisos)

13 ALB GRC KOS NMA

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus minutiflorus Halácsy; Consp. Fl. Graec. 1: 216 (1900)

= Dianthus petraeus subsp. minutiflorus (Halácsy) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 12: 187 (1982)

= Dianthus strictus var. minutiflorus Borbás; Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn 34: 85 (1896)

species :

Dianthus integerrimus Bunge; Mém. Acad. Petersb., Ser. VI. 7: 583 (1858)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Azerbaijan

33 AZE GEO NCS

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus liboschitzianus var. integerrimus (Bunge) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 487 (1867)

= Dianthus cretaceus var. integerrimus (Bunge) Grossh.; Fl. Kav. 2: 430 (1930)

species :

Dianthus jablanicensis Micevski; Prilozi Oddel. Biol. Med. Nauki Makedonska Akad. Nauk. Umet., 8(1-2): 31 (1987 publ. 1990)

Distribution: North Macedonia

13 NMA

Remarks: provisionally accepted name, status doubtful

species :

Dianthus jacobsii Rech.f.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 142(3-4): 243 (1983)

Distribution: Azerbaijan (Nachichevan); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran)

33 AZE 34 IRN

species :

Dianthus jacquemontii Edgew. & Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 1: 214 (1874)

Distribution: Pakistan (Hazara, Gilgit, Deosai); NW-India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand)

40 IND PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus minimus Javeiol; Curr. Sci. 42: 692 (1973)

species :

Dianthus japigicus Bianco & Brullo; Braun-Blanquetia 2: 31 (1988)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

species :

Dianthus japonicus Thunb.; L., Syst. Veg., ed. 14: 417 (1784)

Distribution: China (Jiangxi, Guangdong); South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Taiwan [I]

36 CHI 38 JAP KOR tai

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus ellipticus Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 27(II): 369 (1854 publ. 1855)

= Dianthus japonicus f. albiflorus Honda & Koike; J. Jap. Bot. 46: 75 (1971), nom. illeg.

= Dianthus japonicus f. albiflorus J.Ohara ex Nakan.; J. Geobot. 16: 116 (1968)

= Dianthus japonicus f. albiflorus Konta & S.Matsumoto; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo, B 31: 23 (2005)

= Dianthus nipponicus Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 17: 58 (1903)

species :

Dianthus jaroslavii Galushko; Novit. Syst. Pl. Vasc., Acad. Sci. URSS 6: 213 (1970)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus

33 NCS

species :

Dianthus jugoslavicus Micevski; Prilozi Oddel. Biol. Med. Nauki Makedonska Akad. Nauk. Umet., 8(1-2): 33 (1987 publ. 1990)

Distribution: North Macedonia

13 NMA

Remarks: provisionally accepted name, status doubtful

species :

Dianthus juniperinus Sm.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 2: 303 (1794)

subspecies :

subsp. juniperinus

Distribution: Crete (W-Lefka Ori)

13 KRI

Remarks: juniperinus agg.

subspecies :

subsp. aciphyllus (Ser.) Turland; Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 22(2): 168 (1992)

Distribution: Crete (Mt. Dikti)

13 KRI

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus aciphyllus Ser.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 358 (1824)

subspecies :

subsp. bauhinorum (Greuter) Turland; Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 22(2): 168 (1992)

Distribution: Crete (Ida, Jouchtas)

13 KRI

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus aciphyllus var. bauhinorum Greuter; Candollea 20: 190 (1965)

= Dianthus arboreus L.; Sp. Pl. 413 (1753), nom. rej.

subspecies :

subsp. heldreichii Greuter; Candollea 20: 187 (1966)

Distribution: Crete (E-Lefka Ori)

13 KRI

subspecies :

subsp. idaeus Turland; Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 22(2): 168 (1992)

Distribution: Crete (Mt. Ida)

13 KRI

subspecies :

subsp. kavusicus Turland; Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 22(2): 168 (1992)

Distribution: Crete (Afendis Kavousi)

13 KRI

subspecies :

subsp. pulviniformis (Greuter) Turland; Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 22(2): 166 (1992)

Distribution: Crete (Kedros)

13 KRI

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus pulviniformis Greuter; Candollea 20: 189 (1965)

species :

Dianthus juzeptchukii M.Kuzmina; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 81(8): 80 (1996)

Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]

33 GEO

species :

Dianthus kapinaensis Markgr. & Lindtner; Glasn. Skopsk. Naucn. Drustva 18: 125 (1938) (Bull. Soc. Sci. Skoplje 18: Sect. Sci. Nat., Fasc. 6, 125 (1938))

Distribution: North Macedonia

13 NMA

species :

Dianthus karami (Blume ex Boiss.) Mouterde; Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 104: 511 (1957)

Distribution: Lebanon (C-Lebanon)

34 LEB

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus hypoleucus var. karami Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] Suppl. 80 (1888)

species :

Dianthus karataviensis Pavlov; Sovietsk. Bot., No. 1, 22 (1934)

Distribution: Kazakhstan

32 KAZ

species :

Dianthus kastembeluensis Freyn & Sint.; Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 43: 375 (1893)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Dianthus khamiesbergensis Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 1: 124 (1860)

Distribution: South Africa (N-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus micropetalus Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. 31 (1834-1835) non Ser.

species :

Dianthus kirghizicus Schischk.; Fl. URSS 6: 837, 896 (1936)

Distribution: Kyrgyzstan; Pakistan (Chitral, Drosh)

32 KGZ 40 PAK

species :

Dianthus kiusianus Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 178 (1912)

Distribution: Japan (Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.

38 JAP NNS

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus hachijoensis Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 35: 150 (1921)

species :

Dianthus klokovii Knjasev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 82(11): 80 (1997)

Distribution: Siberia (Tuva); Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan

30 SIB 32 KAZ UZB

species :

Dianthus koreanus D.C.Son & K.H.Lee; Phytotaxa 303(1): 71 (2017)

Distribution: South Korea

38 KOR

species :

Dianthus kubanensis Schischk.; Fl. URSS 6: 828 (1936), rossice, et Acta Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS, Ser. 1: Fasc. 3, 184 (1937), latine

Distribution: Northern Caucasus

33 NCS

species :

Dianthus kuschakewiczii Regel & Schmalh.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 5: 244 (1877)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; China (N-Xinjiang)

32 KAZ KGZ TZK 36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus tianschanicus Schischk.; Fl. URSS 6: 851, 897 (1936)

species :

Dianthus kusnezovii Marcow.; Notul. Syst. Herb. Hort. Petrop. 4: 31 (1923)

Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]

33 GEO

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus abchasicus Gvinian.; Notul. Syst. Geogr. Inst. Bot. Thbiliss., Fasc. 27, 78 (1969)

species :

Dianthus lactiflorus Fenzl; Tschihat., Asie Min. Bot. 1: 215 (1860)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, SE-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Remarks: monadelphus agg.

species :

Dianthus laingsburgensis Hooper; Hook. Ic. Pl. 37: 30, t. 3613 (1959)

Distribution: South Africa (N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

species :

Dianthus langeanus Willk.; Willk. & Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 3: 690 (1878)

Distribution: N-Portugal; NW-Spain

12 POR SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus hispanicus subsp. langeanus (Willk.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2: 61 (1889)

= Dianthus hispanicus var. occidentalis Willk.; Icon. Descr. Pl. Nov. 1: 78 (1854)

= Dianthus langeanus var. hirtellus Merino; Fl. Galicia 1: 219 (1905)

= Dianthus langeanus var. obtusatus Merino; Fl. Galicia 1: 219 (1905)

= Dianthus occidentalis var. arvaticus Lacaita & Pau; Cavanillesia 3: 26 (1930)

= Dianthus subacaulis proles occidentalis (Willk.) Samp.; Man. Fl. Port. 293 (1911)

species :

Dianthus laricifolius Boiss. & Reut.; Biblioth. Universelle Genève ser. 2, 38: 199 (1842)

subspecies :

subsp. laricifolius

Distribution: C-Portugal; C-Spain

12 POR SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus laricifolius var. vallisoletanus Sennen & Pau; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 6: 24 (1907)

subspecies :

subsp. caespitosifolius (Planellas) M.Laínz; Aport. Fl. Gallega 6: 6. (1968)

Distribution: Portugal; Spain

12 POR SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus caespitosifolius Planellas; Ensayo Fl. Gallega 118 (1852)

= Dianthus cintranus var. planellasii Pau; Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 21: 143 (1921)

= Dianthus laricifolius var. caespitosifolius (Planellas) Pau; Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 19: 59 (1921)

= Dianthus planellae var. tenuis Merino; Fl. Galicia 1: 221 (1905)

= Dianthus planellae Willk.; Icon. Descr. Pl. Nov. 1: 79 (1854), nom. illeg.

subspecies :

subsp. marizii (Samp.) Franco; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 23(1): 91 (1986)

Distribution: Portugal (Braganca)

12 POR

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus graniticus proles marizii (Samp.) Samp.; Man. Fl. Port. 295 (1911)

= Dianthus graniticus var. marizii Samp.; Merino, Fl. Galicia 3: 525 (1909)

= Dianthus laricifolius subsp. marizii (Samp.) Franco ex M.Laínz; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 43(1): 196 (1986)

= Dianthus marizii (Samp.) Samp.; Bol. Soc. Brot., Ser. 2, 1: 134 (1922)

= Dianthus merinoi subsp. marizii (Samp.) Rivas Mart. & Penas; Itinera Geobot. 15(2): 700 (2002)

subspecies :

subsp. merinoi (M.Laínz) M.Laínz; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 43(1): 197 (1986)

Distribution: Spain (Leon, Orense)

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus merinoi M.Laínz; Comun. 1. N. 1. A., Ser. Recurs. Nat. 2: 3. (1974)

species :

Dianthus legionensis (Willk.) F.N.Williams; J. Bot. (Schrad.) 23: 346 (1885)

Distribution: NW- & C-Spain

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus cutandae (Pau) Pau; Cavanillesia 1: 63 (1928)

= Dianthus lusitanus var. legionensis Willk.; Willk. & Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 3: 684 (1878)

= Dianthus scaber subsp. cutandae (Pau) Tutin; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 68: 190 (1963)

= Dianthus seguieri Costa ex Willk. & Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 3: 681 (1878), nom. illeg.

= Dianthus toletanus subsp. cutandae (Pau) M.Laínz; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 7: 576 (1968)

= Dianthus toletanus var. cutandae Pau; Bol. Soc. Iber. Ci. Nat. 22: 87 (1923)

species :

Dianthus leptoloma Steud. ex A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 42 (1847)

Distribution: N-Ethiopia

24 ETH

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus abyssinicus R.Br.; Voy. Abyss. [Salt] Append. 64 (1814)

species :

Dianthus leptopetalus Willd.; Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. 468 (1809)

Distribution: +E-Serbia; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Moldova; Siberia (Altai, W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; Northern Caucasus; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SSW-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia)

13 BUL ROM SRB TUE 14 MLD 30 SIB 32 KAZ 33 NCS 34 TUR

Remarks: monadelphus agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus bicolor Hornem.; Hort. Bot. Hafn. 1: 407 (1813), nom. illeg.

= Dianthus leptopetalus subsp. podolicus Kleopow; Izv. Kievsk. Bot. Sada 14: 130 (1932)

= Dianthus pomeridianus M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 329 (1808), nom. illeg.

= Dianthus pubescens Fisch.; Cat. Jard. Gorenki, ed. 2: 59 (1812)

= Dianthus tricolor Adam ex Ser.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 360 (1824), nom. inval.

species :

Dianthus leucophaeus Sm.; Sibth. & Sm., Fl. Graec. Prodr. 1: 288 (1809)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, W-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus ilgazensis Czeczott; Acta Soc. Bot. Poloniae 9: 32 (1932)

= Dianthus olympicus Sibth. ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 487 (1867)

species :

Dianthus leucophoeniceus Dörfl. & Hayek; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 70: 13 (1921)

Distribution: Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; NW-Greece (Mt. Smolikas, Mt. Lakmos)

13 ALB GRC KOS NMA

Remarks: sanguineus agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus giganteus subsp. leucophoeniceus (Dörfl. & Hayek) Tutin; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 68: 192 (1963)

= Dianthus leucophoeniceus subsp. brachypetalus Acht. & Lindtner

species :

Dianthus libanotis Labill.; Ic. Pl. Syr. Dec. 1: 14, t. 4 (1791)

Distribution: Armenia; Azerbaijan (Nachichevan); Turkey (E-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria (Jbel Druze); Sinai peninsula (S-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania)

33 ARM AZE 34 IRN IRQ JOR LEB SIN SYR TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus atomarius Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 1, 8: 71 (1849)

= Diosanthos libanotum (Labill.) St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 124 (1880)

species :

Dianthus lindbergii Riedl; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 65: 30 (1962)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Badakshan)

34 AFG

species :

Dianthus longicalyx Miq.; J. Bot. Neerl. Ind. 1: 127 (1861)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang); North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan

36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO NNS TAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus oreadum Hance; Ann. Sci. Nat. 5(5): 207 (1866)

= Dianthus superbus f. albiflorus Honda; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 52: 140 (1938), nom. illeg.

= Dianthus superbus f. latifolius (Nakai) Kitag.; J. Jap. Bot. 40: 138 (1965)

= Dianthus superbus f. longicalycinus Maxim.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 11: 64 (1890)

= Dianthus superbus f. tricolor Honda; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 20: 18 (1962)

= Dianthus superbus subsp. longicalycinus (Maxim.) Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 20: 205 (1962)

= Dianthus superbus var. latifolius Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 43: 457 (1929)

= Dianthus superbus var. longicalycinus (Maxim.) F.N.Williams; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 29: 411 (1893)

= Dianthus superbus var. oreadum (Hance) Pamp.; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. s. 17(2): 265 (1910)

= Dianthus superbus var. pycnophyllus Kitag.; J. Jap. Bot. 55: 266 (1980)

= Dianthus superbus var. taiwanensis (Masam.) T.S.Liu & S.S.Ying; Fl. Taiwan 2: 334 (1976)

= Dianthus taiwanensis Masam.; Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Taiwan 33: 618 (1943)

species :

Dianthus longiglumis Delile; Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 2, 20: 89 (1843)

Distribution: Ethiopia; Yemen (W-Yemen)

24 ETH 35 YEM

species :

Dianthus longivaginatus Rech.f.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 142: 244 (1983)

Distribution: Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran)

34 IRN IRQ

species :

Dianthus lusitanus Brot.; Fl. Lusit. 2: 177 (1805)

subspecies :

subsp. lusitanus

Distribution: Portugal; Spain; Morocco; Algeria

12 POR SPA 20 ALG MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus attenuatus var. lusitanus (Brot.) Nyman; Syll. Fl. Eur. 237 (1855)

= Dianthus bolivaris Sennen; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 32: 96 (1932)

= Dianthus bolivaris var. parviflorus Sennen; Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.) 1929: no. 7115 (1930)

= Dianthus lucronensis var. minoripetalus Sennen; Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.) 1929: no. 6952 (1930)

= Dianthus lusitanus subsp. lucronensis (Sennen) Sennen; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 32: 114 (1932)

= Dianthus lusitanus var. imberbis Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 28: 342 (1937)

= Dianthus lusitanus var. minoripetalus (Sennen) Sennen; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 32: 114 (1932)

= Dianthus toletanus var. bolivaris (Sennen) Sennen; Campagnes Bot. 106 (1936)

subspecies :

subsp. sidi-tualii (Font Quer) Dobignard; J. Bot. Soc. Bot. France 20: 39 (2002)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus atlanticus Romo; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 108(3): 205 (1992), non Pomel 1875

= Dianthus lusitanus var. latifofius Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 24: 204 (1933)

= Dianthus lusitanus var. tamarutii Caball.; Append. Discurs. Univ. Madrid 2 (1935)

= Dianthus sidi-tualii Font Quer; Cavanillesia 7: 149 (1935)

species :

Dianthus lydius Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 1, 1: 20 (1843)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Remarks: pinifolius agg.

species :

Dianthus macedonicus Micevski; Prilozi Oddel. Biol. Med. Nauki Makedonska Akad. Nauk. Umet., 8(1-2): 35 (1987 publ. 1990)

Distribution: North Macedonia

13 NMA

Remarks: provisionally accepted name, status doubtful

species :

Dianthus macranthoides Hausskn. ex Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 19(2): 213 (1906)

Distribution: Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran)

34 IRN

species :

Dianthus macranthus Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 1, 1: 23 (1843)

Distribution: Iran (EC-Iran, SW-Iran); Afghanistan (Farah)

34 AFG IRN

species :

Dianthus macroflorus Hamzaoglu; Syst. Bot. 40(1): 210 (2015)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Dianthus mainensis Shaulo & Erst; Feddes Repert. 122 (5-6): 345 (2012)

Distribution: Siberia (Krasnoyarsk)

30 SIB

species :

Dianthus malyeri Daskin & Bagcivan; Phytotaxa 674(2): 230 (2024)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Dianthus marschallii Schischk.; Zap. Gosud. Nikitsk. Opytn. Bot. Sada 10(2): 39 (1928), nom. nov.

Distribution: Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea

14 KRY MLD UKR

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus bicolor M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 329 (1808), nom. illeg.

= Dianthus pallens subsp. marschallii (Schischk.) Sanda

species :

Dianthus martuniensis M.L.Kuzmina; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 81(8): 81 (1996)

Distribution: Armenia; Azerbaijan (Nachichevan)

33 ARM AZE

species :

Dianthus masmenaeus Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 2, 5: 51 (1856)

Distribution: ?Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia)

33 ARM 34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus asperulus Boiss. & A.Huet; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 2, 5: 51 (1856)

= Dianthus masmenaeus var. glabrescens Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 502 (1867)

= Dianthus muschianus var. major Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 510 (1867)

= Dianthus mutabilis Boiss.; Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. IV 2: 244. t. 2 (1854)

= Dianthus transcaucasicus Schischk.; Ber. Tomsk. Staats Univ. 81: 452 (1928)

species :

Dianthus mazanderanicus Rech.f.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 142: 245 (1983)

Distribution: Iran (N-Iran)

34 IRN

species :

Dianthus membranaceus Borbás; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 26: 125 (1876)

Distribution: Romania; Bulgaria; C-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; ?Northern Caucasus

13 BUL ROM 14 MLD RUS UKR

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus rehmannii Blocki; Kosmos (Lvov) 5: 494 (1880)

species :

Dianthus mercurii Heldr.; Atti Congr. Bot. Firenze 1874: 237 (1876)

Distribution: S-Greece (N-Peloponnisos)

13 GRC

species :

Dianthus micranthus Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 1, 8: 69 (1849)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon)

34 LEB TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus haussknechtii Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 489 (1867)

species :

Dianthus microlepis Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1: 22 (1843)

Distribution: Montenegro; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Bulgaria

13 BUL KOS MNT NMA

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus brachyanthus Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 96 (1866)

= Dianthus microlepis f. alba Delip. & Dimitrov; Feddes Repert. 83(7-8): 490 (1972 publ. 1973)

= Dianthus microlepis subsp. degenii (Stoj. & Acht.) Peev & Zlatkova; Phytol. Balcan. 1: 38 (1995)

= Dianthus microlepis var. degenii Stoj. & Acht.; Sborn. B´lghar. Akad. Nauk 74 (1935)

= Dianthus microlepis var. musalae Velen.; Fl. Bulg., Suppl. 41

= Dianthus musalae (Velen.) Velen.; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. 8: 6 (1910 publ. 1911)

= Dianthus pumilio Degen & Urum.; Magyar Bot. Lapok 13: 177 (1915)

= Dianthus pumilus Friv. ex Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1: 22 (1843), nom. inval.

species :

Dianthus micropetalus Ser.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 359 (1824)

Distribution: Botswana; South Africa (North-West Prov., Gauteng, Free State, N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)

27 BOT SAF

species :

Dianthus moesiacus Vis. & Pancic; Mém. Imp. Reale Ist, Veneto Sci. 15: 17 (1870)

subspecies :

subsp. moesiacus

Distribution: Serbia; North Macedonia; Bulgaria

13 BUL NMA SRB

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus burgasensis Tutin; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 68: 192 (1963)

= Dianthus carthusianorum var. moesiacus (Vis. & Pancic) F.N.Williams; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 29: 376 (1893)

= Dianthus papillosus Vis. & Pancic; Mem. Reale Ist. Veneto Sci. 10: 434 (1861 publ. 1862)

= Dianthus sylvestris f. papillosus (Vis. & Pancic) Beck; Glasn. Zemaljsk. Muz. Bosni Hercegovini 21: 175 (1909)

subspecies :

subsp. grancarovii (Urum.) Stoj. & Acht.; Sborn. Bulg. Akad. Nauk. 29(2): 53 (1935)

Distribution: Bulgaria

13 BUL

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus grancarovii Urum.; Sborn. Bulg. Akad Nauk. 22(1): 22 (1926), et ex Stoyanoff & Stef., Fl. Bulg. ed. 2, 368 (1933)

= Dianthus moesiacus var. grancarovii (Urum.) Stoj. & Stef.; Fl. Bulg., ed. 2: 368 (1933)

subspecies :

subsp. sevlievensis (Degen & Nejceff) Stoj. & Acht.; Sborn. Bulg. Akad. Nauk. 29(2): 54 (1935)

Distribution: Bulgaria

13 BUL

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus vandasii var. sevlievensis Degen & Nejceff; Period. Spis. Bulg. Knie. Drui. 69: 74 (1908)

subspecies :

subsp. skobelevii (Velen.) Stoj. & Acht.; Sborn. Bulg. Akad. Nauk. 29(2): 53 (1935)

Distribution: Bulgaria

13 BUL

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus moesiaeus var. skobelevii Velen.; Fl. Bulg. Suppl. 45 (1898)

species :

Dianthus monadelphus Vent.; Descr. Pl. Jard. Cels: tab. 39 (1801)

subspecies :

subsp. monadelphus

Distribution: European Turkey; Turkey (NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, W-Anatolia); Iraq (W-Iraq: Desert); Iran (N-Iran); Lebanon (Antilebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jazira, NW-Syria, Jbel Druze); Israel (Negev Desert, N-Negev Desert, Judean Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia

13 TUE 34 IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR TUR 35 SAU

Remarks: monadelphus agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus judaicus subsp. ochroleucus (Pers.) Kollmann; Israel J. Bot. 14: 156 (1966)

= Dianthus ochroleucus Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 494 (1805)

= Dianthus saxatilis Pall. ex M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 329 (1808)

subspecies :

subsp. judaicus (Boiss.) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 12: 186 (1982)

Distribution: SW-Iraq; Lebanon; Israel; Sinai peninsula; Saudi Arabia

34 IRQ ISR LEB SIN 35 SAU

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus auraniticus Post; J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 24: 422 (1888)

= Dianthus judaicus Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: 66 (1849)

subspecies :

subsp. pallens (Sm.) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 12: 187 (1982)

Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (scattered mainland, Evvoia, Thasos, Samothraki, Limnos, Kiklades: Naxos); C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Northern Caucasus; Turkey

13 ALB BUL GRC KOS NMA ROM SRB TUE 14 KRY RUS UKR 33 NCS 34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus lanceolatus Steven ex Rchb.; Iconogr. Bot. Pl. Crit. 6: 34 (1828)

= Dianthus pallens Sm.; Sibth. & Sm., Fl. Graec. Prodr. 1: 286 (1809), nom. illeg.

= Dianthus procumbens Vent.; Descr. Pl. Jard. Cels: tab. alphab. (1901) (nom. illeg.)

= Dianthus rhodopeus Velen.; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. 1890(2): 40 (1890)

species :

Dianthus moviensis F.N.Williams; J. Bot. 27: 199 (1889)

subspecies :

subsp. moviensis

Distribution: South Africa (North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal)

27 SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus nelsonii F.N.Williams; J. Bot. 27: 200 (1889)

variant :

var. dentatus Burtt Davy; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1922: 222 (1922)

Distribution: South Africa (Mpulamanga, E-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

subspecies :

subsp. kirkii (Burtt Davy) S.S.Hooper; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 37: 54 (1959)

Distribution: South Africa (North-West Prov., Gauteng, E-Cape Prov.); Eswatini [Swaziland]

27 SAF SWZ

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus kirkii Burtt Davy; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1922: 220 (1922)

species :

Dianthus muglensis Hamzaoglu & Koc; Phytotaxa 491(4): 293 (2021), nom. nov.

Distribution: East Aegaean Isl. (Rhodos, Kastellorhizo Isl.); Turkey (SW-Anatolia)

34 EAI TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus elegans var. gramineus R.M.Burton; Karaca Arbor. Mag. 3(4): 184 (1997)

species :

Dianthus multiceps Costa ex Willk.; Linnaea 30: 88 (1860)

subspecies :

subsp. multiceps

Distribution: NE-Spain (Catalunya)

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus cintranus subsp. multiceps (Costa ex Willk.) Tutin; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 68: 190 (1963)

= Dianthus cintranus subsp. multiceps (Willk.) Tutin; Feddes Repert. 68: 190 (1963)

= Dianthus hispanicus subsp. multiceps (Costa ex Willk.) Font Quer; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 3: 353 (1953)

= Dianthus monspessulanus var. multiceps (Costa ex Willk.) Cadevall & Pau; Mem. Real Acad. Ci. Barcelona 6: 42 (1907)

= Dianthus multiceps f. notabilis Sennen; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 25: 207 (1926), nomen

= Dianthus pungens subsp. multiceps (Costa ex Willk.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat., Secc. Bot. 38(1): 88 (1974)

= Dianthus pungens var. multiceps (Costa ex Willk.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat., Secc. Bot. 38: 88 (1974)

= Dianthus requienii var. bergadensis Sennen & Pau; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 11: 185 (1912), nomen

subspecies :

subsp. multiaffinis (Pau) Rivas Mart.; Itinera Geobot. 15(2): 700 (2002)

Distribution: Spain (Sa. de Espadan, Sa. Calderona)

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus costae subsp. multiaffinis (Pau) M.Laínz; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 43(2): 473 (1986 publ. 1987)

= Dianthus multiaffinis Pau; Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 21: 142 (1921)

= Dianthus pungens var. multiaffinis (Pau) O.Bolòs & Vigo; But. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat., 38 Bot. 1: 88 (1974)

subspecies :

subsp. praepyrenaicus M.Bernal; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 44(2): 569 (1987)

Distribution: NE-Spain (SE-Pyrenees); Andorra

12 ADO SPA

species :

Dianthus multiflorus Deniz & Aykurt; PhytoKeys 63: 3 (2016)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Dianthus multisquameus Bondarenko & R.M.Vinogr.; Opred. Rast. Sred. Azii 2: 327 (1971)

Distribution: Kazakhstan

32 KAZ

species :

Dianthus muschianus Kotschy & Boiss.; Boiss., Fl. 1: 510 (1867)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Dianthus myrtinervius Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 1: 194 (1843)

subspecies :

subsp. myrtinervius

Distribution: North Macedonia; Albania; NW-Greece (close to vorder)

13 ALB GRC NMA

Remarks: myrtinervius agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus deltoides Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 1(2/3): 192 (1843)

= Dianthus kajmaktzalanicus Micevski; Fragm. Balcan. Mus. Maced. Sci. Nat. 10: 29 (1977)

= Dianthus myrtinervius subsp. zupancicii Micevski & E.Mayer; Razpr. Slov. Akad. Znan. Umetn., Razr. Nar. Vede 43: 411 (2002)

= Dianthus myrtinervius var. oxylepis Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 507 (1867)

= Dianthus oxylepis (Boiss.) Kümmerle & Jáv.; Balkán-Kutat. Tud. Eredm-Köt. 3: 233 (1926)

subspecies :

subsp. caespitosus Strid & C.Papan.; Ann. Mus. Goulandris 4: 219 (1978)

Distribution: N-Greece (Mt. Voras)

13 GRC

species :

Dianthus namaensis Schinz; Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: App. III. 84 (1897)

Distribution: Namibia; South Africa (N-Cape Prov.)

27 NAM SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus pearsonii Burtt Davy; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1922: 215 (1922)

variant :

var. dinteri (Schinz) S.S.Hooper; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 37: 30 (1959)

Distribution: Namibia; South Africa (N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)

27 NAM SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus dinteri Schinz; Vierteljahrsschr. Nat. Ges. Zürich 74: 110 (1929)

variant :

var. junceus (Burtt Davy) S.S.Hooper; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 37: 30 (1959)

Distribution: South Africa (N-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus junceus Burtt Davy; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1922: 219 (1922)

species :

Dianthus nangarharicus Rech.f.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 142(3-4): 240 (1983)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Kunar / Nuristan, Nangarhar)

34 AFG

species :

Dianthus nanshanicus Chang Y.Yang & L.X.Dong; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 28(6): 644 (2008)

Distribution: China (Xinjiang)

36 CHI

species :

Dianthus nardiformis Janka; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 23: 195 (1873)

Distribution: Romania (Lower Danube, Dobrogea); Bulgaria

13 BUL ROM

species :

Dianthus nezahatiae Hamzaoglu; Acta Bot. Croat. 81: 207 (2022)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Dianthus nihatii Güner; Fl. Turkey & E. Aegaean Isl. 11: 318 (2000 publ. 2001)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Dianthus nitidus Waldst. & Kit.; Pl. Rar. Hung. 2: 209 (1806)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Poland (W-Carpathians); Slovakia

11 ger POL SLO

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus nitidus f. gustawiczii Zapal.; 68 (1911)

= Dianthus nitidus f. luxurians Zapal.; 68 (1911)

= Dianthus pseudonitidus Lemperg; Acta Horti Gothob. 11: 79, hybr.? pro syn. (1936)

species :

Dianthus noeanus Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 2, 1: 67 (1854)

Distribution: Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; Bulgaria; NE-Greece (very rare)

13 BUL GRC KOS MNT SRB

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus petraeus subsp. noeanus (Boiss.) Tutin; Feddes Repert. 68: 190 (1963)

= Dianthus strictus subsp. noeanus (Boiss.) Stoj. & Acht.; Sborn. Bulg. Akad. Nauk. 29: 81 (1935)

species :

Dianthus nudiflorus Griff.; Not. Pl. Asiat. 4: 466 (1854)

Name: Steife Velezie (DE); Stiff Velezia (EN)

Distribution: Portugal; Spain; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Croatia; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread, incl. many islands); Crete; European Russia; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Chios, Ikaria, Samos, Patmos, Kalimnos, Kos, Karpathos, Kasos, Chalki, Rhodos); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Badakshan, Kunar / Nuristan, Takhar); Cyprus (C-Mountains, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, C-Syrian Desert, Jazira, NW-Syria); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (Asir); Pakistan (N. W. Frontier Prov., Chitral, Swat, Pakistani Punjab); USA [I] (California [I])

12 COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BUL CRO GRC ITA KRI NMA SIC TUE 14 RUS 20 ALG MOR TUN 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR 35 SAU 40 PAK 76 usa

Synonyms: hidden

= Velezia rigida L.; Sp. Pl. 332 (1753)

= Velezia rigida var. glabrata Regel; Bull. Sci. Nat. Peterb. 1882: 13 (1882)

= Velezia rigida var. sessiliflora F.N.Williams; J. Bot. 37: 28 (1899)

species :

Dianthus ohridanus Micevski; Prilozi Oddel. Biol. Med. Nauki Makedonska Akad. Nauk. Umet., 8(1-2): 34 (1987 publ. 1990)

Distribution: North Macedonia

13 NMA

Remarks: provisionally accepted name, status doubtful

species :

Dianthus oliastrae Bacch., Brullo, Casti & Giusso; Nordic J. Bot. 28(2): 171 (2010)

Distribution: Sardinia

12 SAR

species :

Dianthus orientalis Adams; Weber & Mohr, Beitr. Naturk. 1: 54 (1805)

subspecies :

subsp. orientalis

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Talysh); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (W-Syrian Mountains); China (N-Xinjiang); W-Tibet; Pakistan (Chitral, Kurram, Baltistan, Skardu, Nanga Parbat); NW-India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir)

33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN IRQ LEB SYR TUR 36 CHI TIB 40 IND PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus canescens K.Koch; Linnaea 15: 710 (1841)

= Dianthus fimbriatus M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 332 (1808) (not Lam. (1779), nor Brotero (1805), nor Hohenacker (1833))

= Dianthus fimbriatus var. canescens (K.Koch) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 496 (1867)

= Dianthus pogonopetalus Boiss. & Kotschy; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 2, 6: 29 (1859)

subspecies :

subsp. aphanoneurus Rech.f.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 151(3-4): 290 (1986)

Distribution: Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Iran

33 ARM AZE 34 IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus aphanoneurus (Rech.f.) M.Kuzmina; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 81(8): 82 (1996)

subspecies :

subsp. gilanicus Rech.f.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 151(3-4): 289 (1986)

Distribution: C-Iran; N-Iran

34 IRN

subspecies :

subsp. gorganicus Rech.f.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 151(3-4): 291 (1986)

Distribution: N-Iran

34 IRN

subspecies :

subsp. ketzkhovelii (Makaschv.) Nersesian; Konspekt Fl. Kavkaza 3(2): 194 (2012)

Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus] (incl. Adzharia)

33 GEO

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus ketzkhovelii Makaschv.; Sakharthw. S.S.R. Mec´niereb. Akad. Moambe 8: 447 (1947)

subspecies :

subsp. macropetalus (Boiss.) Rech.f.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 151(3-4): 289 (1986)

Distribution: Iraq; W-Iran

34 IRN IRQ

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus fimbriatus var. macropetalus Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] Suppl. 77 (1888)

= Dianthus orientalis var. macropetalus (Boiss.) Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 19(2): 213 (1906)

subspecies :

subsp. nassireddini (Stapf) Rech.f.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 151(3-4): 292 (1986)

Distribution: Azerbaijan (Talysh); Turkey; E-Iraq; S-Iran

33 AZE 34 IRN IRQ TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus brachyodontus Grossh.; Fl. Kavkaza, ed. 2, 3: 294 (1945)

= Dianthus dumulosus Boiss. & A.Huet; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 2, 5: 53 (1856)

= Dianthus fimbriatus var. brachyodontus Boiss. & A.Huet; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 2, 5: 53 (1856)

= Dianthus nassireddinii Stapf; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 51: 279 (1886)

= Dianthus orientalis var. brachyodontus (Boiss. & A.Huet) Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 19(2): 212 (1906)

subspecies :

subsp. obtusisquameus (Boiss.) Rech.f.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 151(3-4): 291 (1986)

Distribution: Armenia; Iran (Elburs)

33 ARM 34 IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus fimbriatus var. obtusisquameus Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 495 (1867)

subspecies :

subsp. scoparius (Fenzl ex Boiss.) Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 28(2): 134 (1911)

Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)

34 IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus fallax Rech.f. & Esfand.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 75: 362 (1951)

= Dianthus scoparius Fenzl ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 494 (1867)

subspecies :

subsp. stenocalyx (Boiss.) Rech.f.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 151(3-4): 292 (1986)

Distribution: Turkmenistan; Iran (N-Iran, W-Iran)

32 TKM 34 IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus fimbriatus var. stenocalyx Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 495 (1867)

= Dianthus macronyx Fenzl ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 495 (1867)

= Dianthus pulverulentus Stapf; Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien Math.-Nat. Kl. 51: 279 (1886)

species :

Dianthus oschtenicus Galushko; Novit. Syst. Pl. Vasc., Acad. Sci. URSS, 118 (1965)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]

33 GEO NCS

species :

Dianthus pachygonus (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Fassou, N.Korotkova, Dimop. & Borsch; PhytoKeys 196: 114 (2022)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Gypsophila pachygona (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) D.Dietr.; Syn. Pl. [Dietrich] 2: 1543 (1840)

= Tunica pachygona Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Index Sem. Hort. Petrop. 4: 50 (1838)

species :

Dianthus paghmanicus Rech.f.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 75: 362 (1951)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Bamyan, Ghazni, Kabul, Logar,Wardak, Nangarhar, Orozgan / Daykundi, Paktia / Khost, Parwan, Takhar)

34 AFG

species :

Dianthus palinensis S.S.Ying; Coloured Illustr. Fl. Taiwan 2: 693 (1987)

Distribution: N-Taiwan

38 TAI

species :

Dianthus pallens M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 325 (1808)

Distribution: C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Northern Caucasus

14 KRY MLD RUS UKR 33 NCS

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus campestris subsp. pallidiflorus (Ser.) Schmalh.; Fl. Sredn. Jushn. Rossii 1: 447 (1895)

= Dianthus emarginatus Ser.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 359 (1824)

= Dianthus maeoticus Klokov; Sci. Mag. Biol., 13 (1927)

= Dianthus pallidiflorus Ser.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 358 (1824)

= Dianthus paniculatus Gueldenst.; Reis. Russland (Gueldenst.) 1: 68, 110 (1787)

= Dianthus parviflorus Willd. ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 1: 279 (1842)

species :

Dianthus pamiralaicus Lincz.; Novit. Syst. Pl. Vasc., Acad. Sci. URSS, 76 (1964)

Distribution: Tajikistan

32 TZK

species :

Dianthus pancicii Velen.; Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 7, 1: 9. (1886)

Distribution: Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; Albania; Bulgaria; ?N-Greece (Mt. Varnous)

13 ALB BUL KOS MNT SRB

Remarks: giganteus agg. Validity of name D. pancicii see Dimopoulos et al. 2016

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus cruentus subsp. pancicii (Velen.) Stoj. & Stef.; Fl. Bulg. ed. 3: 405 (1948)

= Dianthus cruentus var. pancicii (Velen.) Stoj. & Acht.; Sborn. Balg. Akad. Nauk., Klon Prir.-Mat. 29: 56 (1935)

= Dianthus stenopetalus var. pancicii (Velen.) F.N.Williams; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 29: 389 (1893)

= Dianthus tristis Velen.; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. Prag, Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. 1890: 41 (1890)

= Dianthus velenovskyi Borbás; Természetrajzi Füz. 14: 46 (1893)

species :

Dianthus patentisquameus Bondarenko & R.M.Vinogr.; Opred. Rast. Sred. Azii 2: 327 (1971)

Distribution: Kazakhstan

32 KAZ

species :

Dianthus pavlovii Lazkov; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 87(12): 113 (2002), nom. nov.

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan

32 KAZ KGZ UZB

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus attenuatus Pavlov; Fl. Kazakhst. 3: 426, 435 (1960), nom. illeg., non Sm.

species :

Dianthus pavonius Tausch; Flora (Regensburg) 22: 145 (1839)

Name: Pfauen-Nelke, Übersehene Nelke

Distribution: SE-France; N-Italy (SW-Alps, E-Alps, rare)

12 FRA 13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus neglectus var. elongatus Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 173 (1896)

= Dianthus neglectus var. nanus Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 173 (1896)

species :

Dianthus pelviformis Heuff.; Flora (Regensburg) 36: 625 (1853)

Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; Bulgaria

13 BUL KOS SRB

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus bulgaricus Velen.; Fl. Bulg. 78 (1891)

= Dianthus zernyi Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 30(1): 237 (1914)

species :

Dianthus pendulus Boiss. & Blume; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 2, 6: 28 (1859)

Distribution: Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Israel (Rift Valley, N-Israel); Jordania (W-Jordania)

34 IRQ ISR JOR LEB

species :

Dianthus persicus Hausskn.; Mitt. Geogr. Ges. (Thüringen) Jena 9: 16 (1890)

Distribution: Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran)

34 IRN IRQ

species :

Dianthus petraeus Waldst. & Kit.; Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 246 (1807)

subspecies :

subsp. petraeus

Distribution: Croatia; Montenegro; Serbia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria

13 ALB BUL CRO MNT ROM SRB

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus bohemicus J.Mayer ex Tausch; Flora (Regensburg) 13: 246 (1830)

= Dianthus integripetalus Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 98 (1866)

= Dianthus kitaibelii Pancic; Nova Elem. Fl. Bulg. 18 (1886) (nom. illeg.)

= Dianthus liliodorus Pancic; Fl. Srbije 176 (1874), in adnot. et ex Nyman, Consp. 105 (1878), nomen

= Dianthus petraeus f. liliodorus (Pancic) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 30(1): 252 (1924)

= Dianthus petraeus subsp. kitaibelii (Stoj. & Acht.) Stoj.; Jordanov, Fl. Nar. Rep. Bulg. 3: 433 (1966)

= Dianthus pseudocaesius Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 98 (1866)

= Dianthus skorpilii Velen.; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. Prag, Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. 40 (1890)

= Dianthus strictus subsp. skorpilii (Velen.) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 30(1): 249 (1924)

subspecies :

subsp. orbelicus (Velen.) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 12: 187 (1982)

Distribution: Croatia; Romania; Bulgaria; NE-Greece (incl. Athos)

13 BUL CRO GRC ROM

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus bebius Vis. ex Rchb.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. (H. G. L. Rchb.) 6: 47 (1842-1844)

= Dianthus kitaibelii Janka ex Beck; Annal. Naturh. Hofmus. Wien 2: 192 (1889)

= Dianthus petraeus subsp. kitaibelii (Janka) Stoj.

= Dianthus petraeus subsp. simonkaianus (Péterfi) Tutin

= Dianthus petraeus subsp. stefanoffii (Eig) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 12: 187 (1982)

= Dianthus simonkaianus Péterfi; Magyar Bot. Lapok 15: 14 (1916)

= Dianthus stefanoffii Eig; J. Bot. 75: 191 (1937)

= Dianthus strictus Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. 1: 288 (1809) (non Banks & Sol. 1794)

= Dianthus strictus subsp. bebius (Vis.) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 30(1): 249 (1924)

= Dianthus strictus subsp. orbelicus Velen.; Fl. Bulg. Suppl. 40 (1898)

= Dianthus suendermannii Bornm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 40 (1921)

species :

Dianthus pinifolius Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. 1: 284 (1809)

subspecies :

subsp. pinifolius

Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; N-Greece (mostly Northeast, incl. Athos, Samothraki, Limnos); Georgia [Caucasus]; Turkey (NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, WN-Anatolia)

13 ALB BUL GRC KOS NMA SRB TUE 33 GEO 34 TUR

Remarks: pinifolius agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus brevifolius Friv.; Flora (Regensburg) 18: 334 (1835)

= Dianthus pinifolius subsp. brevifolius (Friv.) Stoj. & Stef.; Fl. Bulg. ed. 3: 406 (1948)

= Dianthus pinifolius subsp. rumelicus (Velen.) Stoj. & Acht.; Sborn. Bulg. Akad. Nauk. 29(2): 66 (1935)

= Dianthus pinifolius subsp. serulis Trinajstic; Suppl. Fl. Anal. Jugosl. 6: 9 (1979)

= Dianthus pinifolius subsp. smithii Wettst.; Biblioth. Bot. 26: 33 (1892)

= Dianthus rumelicus Velen.; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. Prag, Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. 1890: 41 (1890)

= Dianthus serresianus (Charrel) Nadji; Emp. Ottom. Geogr. bot. (1892) 12 nomen

= Dianthus serresianus Hayek; Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturw. Kl., Denkschr. 94: 140 (1917), nom. illeg.

= Dianthus serulis Kulcz.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Polsk. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial A/B, Nauki Mat.-Fiz. Biol 59: 361 (1923)

= Dianthus smithii Wettst.; Luerss. Bibl. Bot. Heft 26: 33 (1892)

subspecies :

subsp. lilacinus (Boiss. & Heldr.) Wettst.; Biblioth. Bot. 26: 33 (1892)

Distribution: North Macedonia; Albania; Greece (NW-, NC-, C-Greece, Peloponnisos)

13 ALB GRC NMA

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus lilacinus Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 2, 1: 63 (1854)

subspecies :

subsp. serbicus Wettst.; Biblioth. Bot. 26: 34 (1892)

Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; SW-Romania; Bulgaria; ?European Turkey; Greece (local N- & C-Greece)

13 ALB BUL GRC KOS NMA ROM SRB

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus serbicus (Wettst.) Hayek; Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Denkschr. 94: 141 (1918)

subspecies :

subsp. tenuicaulis (Turrill) Strid; Strid & Kit Tan (eds.), Fl. Hellenica 1: 368 (1997)

Distribution: NE-Greece

13 GRC

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus rhodopeus Davidov; Trav. Soc. Bulg. Sci. Nat. 8: 55 (1915), nom. illeg.

= Dianthus tenuicaulis Turrill; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1929: 224 (1929)

species :

Dianthus plumarius L.; Sp. Pl. 411 (1753)

Name: Feder-Nelke (DE), Feathered pink (EN)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Austria; Poland; Hungary; Italy; Italy [I]; Slovenia; Croatia; Myanmar [I]; Java [I]; New Zealand [I]; Canada [I] (Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Quebec [I], Yukon [I]); USA [I] (Alabama [I], California [I], Connecticut [I], Maine [I], Massachusetts [I], Michigan [I], Missouri [I], New Hampshire [I], New York [I], North Carolina [I], Pennsylvania [I], South Carolina [I], Vermont [I], Virginia [I], Wisconsin [I]); Costa Rica [c]; Bolivia [c]; Brazil [I]

11 AUT ger HUN POL 13 CRO ITA SLV 41 mya 42 jaw 51 nzl 70 cdn 72 cdn 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 78 usa 80 cos 83 bol 84 bra

Remarks: plumarius agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Caryophyllus plumarius (L.) Moench; Methodus [Moench] 59 (1794)

= Cylichnanthus plumarius (L.) Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyr. 262 (1867)

= Dianthus blandus (Rchb.) Hayek; Fl. Steiermark 1: 320 (1908), descr.

= Dianthus dubius Hornem. ex DC.; Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp. 103 (1813), nom. illeg.

= Dianthus hoppei Port.; Gebh. Verz. Steierm. Ges. Pfl. 96 (1821), nomen

= Dianthus hortensis Schrad. ex Willd.; Enum. Pl. [Willdenow] 469 (1809)

= Dianthus hungaricus Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 494 (1805)

= Dianthus hungaricus subsp. regis-stephani (Rapaics ex Jáv.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 9: 273 (1974)

= Dianthus neilreichii Hayek; Fl. Steiermark 1: 319 (1908)

= Dianthus odoratus Vest ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 500 (1840), nom. inval.

= Dianthus plumarius f. hortensis Hegi; 339 (1911)

= Dianthus plumarius subsp. blandus (Rchb.) Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 3: 339 (1911)

= Dianthus plumarius subsp. hoppei (Port.) Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 3: 339 (1911)

= Dianthus plumarius subsp. neilreichii (Hayek) Hegi; 339 (1911)

= Dianthus plumarius subsp. regis-stephani (Rapaics ex Jáv.) Baksay; Bot. Közlem. 57: 215 (1970)

= Dianthus plumarius var. blandus Rchb.; 45, t. CCLVII f.

= Dianthus plumarius var. hortensis (Schrad. ex Willd.) Trevir.; Index Sem. (WROCL, Wratislaviensi) 1818: 3 (1818)

= Dianthus plumarius var. parviflorus Kauffm.; Index Sem. (MHA, Mosquensis) 1868: 9 (1868)

= Dianthus plumarius var. portensis Ser.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 363 (1824)

= Dianthus plumarius var. serotinus W.D.J.Koch; 98 (1836)

= Dianthus portensis Libosch. ex Ser.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 363 (1824)

= Dianthus serotinus f. dolomiticus Novák; Vestn. Král. Ceské Spolecn. Nauk. Tr. Mat.-Prír. 2: 3 (1923)

= Dianthus serotinus unranked regis-stephani Rapaics ex Jáv.; Magyar Fl. 341 (1924)

= Dianthus serotinus subsp. kitaibelianus Zapal.; Consp. Fl. Galic. Crit. 3: 151 (1911)

= Plumaria vulgaris Opiz; Seznam 75 (1852), nom. inval.

= Silene plumaria (L.) E.H.L.Krause; Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild., ed. 2, 5: 114 (1901)

= Tunica plumaria (L.) Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 1: 300 (1771)

species :

Dianthus plumbeus Schischk.; Izv. Tomsk. Gosud. Univ. 81: 451 (1928)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Remarks: monadelphus agg.

species :

Dianthus polylepis Bien. ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 497 (1867)

subspecies :

subsp. polylepis

Distribution: Turkmenistan; Iran (NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran)

32 TKM 34 IRN

subspecies :

subsp. binaludensis (Rech.f.) Vaezi & Behrooz.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 299(8): 1430 (2013)

Distribution: Iran (NE-Iran: Mts.)

34 IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus binaludensis Rech.f.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 142: 242 (1983)

species :

Dianthus polymorphus M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 324 (1808)

Distribution: E-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Northern Caucasus

14 KRY MLD RUS UKR 33 NCS

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus atratus Beaupre ex Ser.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 356 (1824)

= Dianthus autumnalis Kit.; Linnaea 32: 530 (1863)

= Dianthus dichotomus Pall.; Reise Südl. Statthaltersch. Russ. Reich. 2: 335 (1801)

= Dianthus diutinus Kit. ex Schult.; Oestr. Fl., ed. 2, 1: 655 (1814)

= Dianthus glomeratus Pall. ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 1: 276 (1842)

= Dianthus intermedius Willd. ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 1: 276 (1842)

= Dianthus platyodon Klokov; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) (Kiev) 5: 27 (1948)

= Dianthus polymorphus var. diutinus (Kit.) Ser.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 356 (1824)

= Dianthus polymorphus var. platyodon (Klokov) Sanda

= Dianthus ponticus Wahlenb.; Isis (Oken) 21: 985 (1828)

= Dianthus sabuli Kit.; Linnaea 32: 530 (1863)

species :

Dianthus pontederae A.Kern.; Fl. Exsicc. Austro-Hung.: nr. 539 (1882) [in sched.]

Name: Pannonische Nelke

Distribution: Austria; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Slovenia; Croatia; Serbia; Kosovo; Romania; Bulgaria; Ukraine

11 AUT CZE HUN SLO 13 BUL CRO KOS ROM SLV SRB 14 UKR

Remarks: carthusianorum agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus carthusianorum subsp. pontederae (A.Kern.) Schmalh.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 1: 126 (1895)

= Dianthus diutinus Rchb.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 6: 44 (1844), nom. illeg.

= Dianthus giganteiformis subsp. pontederae (A.Kern.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 15: 339 (1969 publ. 1970)

= Dianthus polymorphus subsp. diutinus (Schult.) Schmalh.; Fl Ross. 1: 126 (1895)

= Dianthus sabuletorum subsp. pontederae (A.Kern.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 19(2): 214 (1984)

= Dianthus urziceniensis Prodan; Savul. Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Roman. 2: 667 (1953)

species :

Dianthus praecox Kit.; Oesterr. Fl. 2: 661 (1814)

subspecies :

subsp. praecox

Distribution: Austria; Poland; Slovakia; Hungary

11 AUT HUN POL SLO

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus plumarius subsp. praecox (Willd. ex Spreng.) Domin; Preslia 13-15: 75 (1935)

subspecies :

subsp. lumnitzeri (Wiesb.) Kmet´ová; Biol. Práce Slov. Akad. Vied 5: 63 (1985)

Name: Lumnitzers Nelke

Distribution: Austria; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary

11 AUT CZE HUN SLO

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus gratianopolitanus subsp. moravicus (Kovanda) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 18: 205 (1983)

= Dianthus hungaricus subsp. lumnitzeri (Wiesb.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 9(3): 272 (1974)

= Dianthus lumnitzeri subsp. palaviensis (F.A.Novák) Dostál; Folia Mus. Rerum Nat. Bohemiae Occid., Bot. 21: 5 (1984)

= Dianthus lumnitzeri Wiesb.; Schles. bot. Tauschver. (1882) ex Bot. Centralbl. 26: 85 (1886)

= Dianthus moravicus Kovanda; Preslia 54(3): 241 (1982)

= Dianthus plumarius f. palaviensis Novák; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 393 (1926)

= Dianthus plumarius subsp. lumnitzeri (Wiesb.) Domin; Preslia 13-15: 75 (1935)

subspecies :

subsp. pseudopraecox (F.A.Novák) Kmet´ová; Biol. Práce Slov. Akad. Vied 5: 69 (1985)

Distribution: Slovakia

11 SLO

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus lumnitzeri subsp. pseudopraecox (F.A.Novák) Dostál; Folia Mus. Rerum Nat. Bohemiae Occid., Bot. 21: 4 (1984)

= Dianthus plumarius f. pseudopraecox F.A.Novák; Vestn. Král. Ceské Spolecn. Nauk. Tr. Mat.-Prír. 4: 64 (1935)

species :

Dianthus pratensis M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 3: 300 (1819)

subspecies :

subsp. pratensis

Distribution: Estonia [I]; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Siberia (W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; Georgia [Caucasus] [I]

14 est RUS 30 SIB 32 KAZ 33 geo

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus chloroleucus Fisch.; Hornem., Hort. Bot. Hafn., Suppl. 137 (1819)

= Dianthus seguieri lusus angustifolius Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(II): 526 (1862)

= Dianthus seguieri lusus humilis Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(II): 526 (1862)

= Dianthus seguieri lusus pratensis (M.Bieb.) Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(II): 526 (1862)

subspecies :

subsp. racovitzae (Prodan) Tutin; Feddes Repert. 68: 189 (1963)

Distribution: E-Romania

13 ROM

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus racovitzae Prodan; Bul. Soc. Sti. Cluj 10(2): 162 (1948)

species :

Dianthus prilepensis Micevski; Prilozi Oddel. Biol. Med. Nauki Makedonska Akad. Nauk. Umet., 8(1-2): 39 (1987 publ. 1990)

Distribution: North Macedonia

13 NMA

Remarks: provisionally accepted name, status doubtful

species :

Dianthus pseudarmeria M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 323 (1808)

subspecies :

subsp. pseudarmeria

Distribution: Serbia; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]

13 BUL ROM SRB TUE 14 KRY MLD UKR 33 GEO NCS

subspecies :

subsp. glabripetalus Hamzaoglu & Koc; Commagene J. Biol. 6(1): 76, figs. 1-4 (2022)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Dianthus pseudocrinitus Behrooz. & Joharchi; Phytotaxa 156(2): 69 (2014)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Dianthus pseudorigidus (Hub.-Mor.) Fassou, N.Korotkova, Dimop. & Borsch; PhytoKeys 196: 115 (2022)

Distribution: Turkey (SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Velezia pseudorigida Hub.-Mor.; Bauhinia 2: 195, t. 7 (1963)

species :

Dianthus pungens L.; Mant. Pl. 240 (1771)

subspecies :

subsp. pungens

Distribution: NE-Spain (Gerona)

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus asper var. serratus (Lapeyr.) Ser.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 357 (1824)

= Dianthus borderei var. insignitus (Timb.-Lagr.) Sennen; Treb. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 3: 83 (1917)

= Dianthus furcatus subsp. subulatus (Timb.-Lagr.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2(1): 61 (1889)

= Dianthus furcatus var. insignitus (Timb.-Lagr.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2: 61 (1889)

= Dianthus furcatus var. pungens (Gren. & Godr.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 106 (1878)

= Dianthus insignitus Timb.-Lagr.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 11: 143 (1864)

= Dianthus pungens proles insignitus (Timb.-Lagr.) Cadevall; Fl. Catalunya 1: 287 (1913)

= Dianthus pungens subsp. insignitus (Timb.-Lagr.) Marcet; Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 44: 80 (1946)

= Dianthus pungens var. insignitus Timb.-Lagr.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 11: 143 (1865)

= Dianthus purpureus Poir.; Encycl. [J. Lam. et al.] 4(2): 523 (1798)

= Dianthus serratus Lapeyr.; Hist. Pl. Pyrenees 241 (1813)

= Dianthus serratus proles insignitus (Timb.-Lagr.) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 189 (1896)

= Dianthus serratus var. insignitus (Timb.-Lagr.) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 332 (1936)

= Dianthus subulatus Timb.-Lagr.; Bull. Soc. Agric. Sci. Litt. Pyrén.-Orient. 25: 13 (1881)

subspecies :

subsp. brachyanthus (Boiss.) Bernal, Fern.Casas, G.López, M.Laínz & Muñoz Garm.; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 44(1): 180 (1987)

Distribution: Spain (widespread); France; Morocco

12 FRA SPA 20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus attenuatus Xatard ex Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. 1: 267 (1842), nom. inval.

= Dianthus brachyanthus Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 85 (1839)

= Dianthus brachyanthus subsp. cantabricus Font Quer; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 3: 355 (1953)

= Dianthus brachyanthus subsp. hieronymi (Sennen) Sennen; Diagn. Nouv. 34 (1936)

= Dianthus brachyanthus var. alpinus Willk.; Willk. & Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 3: 689 (1878)

= Dianthus brachyanthus var. asperus Font Quer; Treb. Mus. Ci. Nat. Barcelona, Sèr. Bot. 5(5): 12 (1924)

= Dianthus brachyanthus var. brachycalyx Font Quer; Treb. Mus. Ci. Nat. Barcelona, Sèr. Bot. 5(5): 12 (1924), nom. illeg.

= Dianthus brachyanthus var. brevicaulis Pau; Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 1894: 241 (1895), nomen

= Dianthus brachyanthus var. cantabricus Font Quer; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 3: 355 (1953)

= Dianthus brachyanthus var. hieronymi Sennen; Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.) 1928: no. 6270 (1929), nom. alt.

= Dianthus brachyanthus var. humilis Nyman ex F.N.Williams; Notes Pinks West. Eur. 42 (1889)

= Dianthus brachyanthus var. longicaulis Pau; Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 1894: 241 (1895), nomen

= Dianthus brachyanthus var. maroccanus Pau & Font Quer; Font Quer, Exsicc. (Iter Marocc.) 1927: no. 197 (1928)

= Dianthus brachyanthus var. montanus Willk.; Willk. & Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 3: 689 (1878)

= Dianthus brachyanthus var. nivalis Willk.; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 3: 689 (1878)

= Dianthus brachyanthus var. obesus Font Quer; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 3: 355 (1953)

= Dianthus brachyanthus var. subacaulis (Cutanda) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2: 61 (1889)

= Dianthus narbonnensis Rouy; J. Bot. [Morot] 6: 64 (1892) in syn.

= Dianthus pungens J.Gay ex Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 85 (1839) non L. 1771

= Dianthus subacaulis subsp. brachyanthus (Boiss.) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 331 (1936)

= Dianthus subacaulis subsp. cantabricus (Font Quer) M.Laínz; Bol. Inst. Estud. Asturianos, Suppl. Ci. 15: 12 (1970)

= Dianthus subacaulis subsp. nivalis (Willk.) Malag.; Las Subesp. y Variac. Geogr. 6 (1973)

= Dianthus subacaulis var. brachyanthus (Boiss.) Samp.; Man. Fl. Port. 293 (1911)

= Dianthus subacaulis var. maroccanus (Pau & Font Quer) Maire; Fl. Afrique N. 10: 314 (1963)

subspecies :

subsp. gredensis (Pau ex Caball.) Crespí, C.P.Fern., A.Castro, Bernardos & Amich; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 44(4): 253 (2007)

Distribution: C-Spain (Sa. de Gredos)

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus gredensis Pau ex Caball.; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 5: 513 (1945)

= Dianthus langeanus subsp. gredensis (Pau ex Caball.) Rivas Mart., F.Fernández González & D.Sánchez; Opusc. Bot. Pharm. Complutensis 2: 108 (1986)

= Dianthus subacaulis subsp. gredensis (Caball.) Rivas Mart.; Publ. Inst. Biol. Aplicada 42: 115 (1967)

subspecies :

subsp. hispanicus (Asso) O.Bolòs & Vigo; But. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat., 38 Bot., 188 (1974)

Distribution: Spain (fairly widespread)

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus brachyanthus subsp. duatorum Sennen; Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.) 1929: no. 7117 (1930), nom. alt.

= Dianthus brachyanthus subsp. tarraconensis (Costa) Rivas Mart. ex M.B.Crespo & Mateo; Flora Montiber. 45: 90 (2010)

= Dianthus brachyanthus var. australis (Willk.) Cuatrec.; Treb. Mus. Ci. Nat. Barcelona, Sèr. Bot. 12: 274 (1929)

= Dianthus brachyanthus var. duatorum Sennen; Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.) 1929: no. 7117 (1930)

= Dianthus brachyanthus var. longiacuminatus Pau ex Font Quer; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 3: 355 (1953), nom. inval.

= Dianthus brachyanthus var. longimucronatus Pau; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 22: 32 (1922)

= Dianthus brachyanthus var. tarraconensis Costa; Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 3: 183 (1874)

= Dianthus hispanicus Asso; Syn. Stirp. Aragon. 53 (1779)

= Dianthus hispanicus f. brachycalyx Pau; Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 27: 424 (1899)

= Dianthus hispanicus f. phyllolepis Pau; Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 27: 424 (1899)

= Dianthus hispanicus subsp. fontqueri (O.Bolòs & Vigo) A.Barber, M.B.Crespo & Mateo; A. Barber i Valles, Contr. Coneix. Fl. Fitogeogr. Lit. Comarca Marina Alta 77 (1999)

= Dianthus hispanicus subsp. tarraconensis (Costa) Molero; Folia Bot. Misc. 3: 12 (1982)

= Dianthus hispanicus var. australis (Willk.) Willk.; Willk. & Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 3: 690 (1878)

= Dianthus hispanicus var. australis Willk.; Icon. Descr. Pl. Nov. 1: 17 (1853)

= Dianthus hispanicus var. borealis (Willk.) Willk.; Willk. & Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 3: 690 (1878), nom. illeg.

= Dianthus hispanicus var. borealis Willk.; Icon. Descr. Pl. Nov. 1: 17 (1853), nom. illeg.

= Dianthus hispanicus var. elongatus Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 29: 44 (1882)

= Dianthus hispanicus var. saetabensis (Rouy) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2: 61 (1889)

= Dianthus hispanicus var. tarraconensis (Costa) Pau; Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 22: 11 (1926)

= Dianthus pungens subsp. fontqueri O.Bolòs & Vigo; But. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat., 38 Bot. 1: 88 (1974)

= Dianthus pungens subsp. tarraconensis (Costa) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Butll. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat 38: 88 (1974)

= Dianthus pungens var. hispanicus (Asso) Ser.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 360 (1824)

= Dianthus pungens var. minor Webb; Iter Hispan. 63 (1838)

= Dianthus saetabensis var. medius Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 31: 272 (1884), nomen

= Dianthus saetabensis var. minor Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 31: 272 (1884), nomen

= Dianthus subacaulis var. tarraconensis (Costa) Cadevall; Fl. Catalunya 1: 289 (1913)

= Dianthus tarraconensis Pau; Broteria, Ser. Bot. 22: 111 (1926)

subspecies :

subsp. ruscinonensis (Boiss.) M.Bernal, M.Laínz & Muñoz Garm.; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 44(2): 571 (1987)

Distribution: NE-Spain (Gerona)

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus brachyanthus var. acuminatus Rouy; J. Bot. (Morot) 6: 64 (1892)

= Dianthus brachyanthus var. macranthus Godr.; Fl. France [Grenier] 1: 235 (1847)

= Dianthus brachyanthus var. mucronatus Rouy; J. Bot. (Morot) 6: 64 (1892)

= Dianthus brachyanthus var. ruscinonensis Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 86 (1839)

= Dianthus ruscinonensis (Boiss.) Sennen; Treb. Mus. Cienc. Nat. Barcelona 15: Ser. Bot. No. 1, 48 (1931)

= Dianthus subacaulis proles brachyanthus Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 191 (1896)

= Dianthus subacaulis subsp. ruscinonensis (Boiss.) G.Bosc & Kerguélen; Lejeunia, 120: 80 (1987)

= Dianthus subacaulis var. acuminatus Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 192 (1896)

= Dianthus subacaulis var. mucronatus Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 191 (1896)

= Dianthus subacaulis var. ruscinonensis (Boiss.) Sennen & Pau; Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.) 1908: no. 535 (1909)

= Dianthus virgineus var. brevistylus (Timb.-Lagr. & Jeanb.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2: 60 (1889)

species :

Dianthus purpureimaculatus Podlech; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 16: 544 (1980)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Kunar / Nuristan); Pakistan (Chitral)

34 AFG 40 PAK

species :

Dianthus pygmaeus Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 3: 34-35 (1913)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus pygmaeus f. albiflorus (S.S.Ying) S.S.Ying; Fl. Taiwan, ed. 2,2: 356 (1996)

= Dianthus pygmaeus var. albiflorus S.S.Ying; Quart. J. Chin. For. 8 (3): 120 (1975)

species :

Dianthus pyrenaicus Pourr.; Hist. & Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Toulouse 3: 318 (1788)

subspecies :

subsp. pyrenaicus

Distribution: N-Spain; Andorra (Pyrenees); SW-France

12 ADO FRA SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus attenuatus subsp. pyrenaicus (Willk.) Novák; Monogr. Sud. Dianthus Monsp. 22 (1924), nom. illeg.

= Dianthus attenuatus var. minor Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 179 (1896)

= Dianthus attenuatus var. purpurascens Sennen; Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.) 1915: no. 2229 (1916), nomen

= Dianthus attenuatus var. pyrenaicus (Pourr.) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. 270 (1821)

= Dianthus attenuatus var. pyrenaicus (Willk.) Willk.; Willk. & Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 3: 683 (1878), nom. illeg.

= Dianthus attenuatus var. pyrenaicus Willk.; Linnaea 20: 90 (1859), nom. illeg.

= Dianthus camusii subsp. macrorhizus Sennen; Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.) 1928: no. 6527 (1929)

= Dianthus camusii subsp. parviflorus Sennen; Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.) 1928: no. 6527 (1929)

= Dianthus camusii var. macrorhizus Sennen; Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.) 1928: no. 6527 (1929), nom. alt.

= Dianthus camusii var. parviflorus Sennen; Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.) 1928: no. 6527 (1929), nom. alt.

= Dianthus deltoides var. pyrenaicus (Pourr.) DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 5: 744 (1805)

= Dianthus maritimus (Rouy) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 332 (1936), nom. illeg.

= Dianthus pyrenaicus subsp. maritimus (Rouy) Kerguélen; Coll. Patrim. Nat. 8: xiii (1993)

= Dianthus sabuletorum var. pyrenaicus (Willk.) F.N.Williams; J. Bot. 23: 346 (1885)

subspecies :

subsp. attenuatus (Sm.) M.Bernal, M.Laínz & Muñoz Garm.; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 45(1): 364 (1988)

Distribution: NE-Spain; SW-France

12 FRA SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus attenuatus proles catalaunicus (Pourr. ex Willk. & Costa) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 179 (1896)

= Dianthus attenuatus proles maritimus Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 180 (1896)

= Dianthus attenuatus Sm.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 2: 301 (1794)

= Dianthus attenuatus subsp. catalaunicus (Pourr. ex Willk. & Costa) Pau; Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 1894: 239 (1895)

= Dianthus attenuatus var. catalaunicus Willk. & Costa; Index Sem. (BC, Barcinonensis) 1859: Adnotat. (1860)

= Dianthus attenuatus var. catalaunicus Wink. & Costa; Linnaea 30: 89 (1860)

= Dianthus attenuatus var. leptophyllus (Willk.) Willk.; Willk. & Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 3: 684 (1878)

= Dianthus attenuatus var. maritimus Rouy; J. Bot. (Morot) 6: 48 (1892)

= Dianthus attenuatus var. robustus Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 3: 179 (1896)

= Dianthus attenuatus var. sabuletorum Willk.; Icon. Descr. Pl. Nov. 1: 10 (1852)

= Dianthus attenuatus var. sclerophyllus (Willk.) Willk.; Wilk. & Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 3: 684 (1878)

= Dianthus catalaunicus (Willk. & Costa) Pourr. ex Willk. & Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 3: 684 (1878)

= Dianthus catalaunicus subsp. antonini Sennen; Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.) 1931: no. 8098 (1932)

= Dianthus catalaunicus var. antonini (Sennen) Sennen; Diagn. Nouv. 138 (1936)

= Dianthus catalaunicus var. leptophyllus (Willk.) F.N.Williams; J. Bot. 23: 343 (1885)

= Dianthus catalaunicus var. sclerophyllus (Willk.) F.N.Williams; J. Bot. 23: 343 (1885)

= Dianthus catalaunicus var. theodori Sennen; Diagn. Nouv. 138 (1936)

= Dianthus fimbriatus var. leptophyllus (Willk.) F.N.Williams; Notes Pinks West. Eur. 19 (1889)

= Dianthus fimbriatus var. sclerophyllus (Willk.) F.N.Williams; Notes Pinks West. Eur. 19 (1889)

= Dianthus longiflorus Poir.; Lam., Encycl. 4: 522 (1798)

= Dianthus pungens subsp. catalaunicus (Pourr. ex Willk. & Costa) A.Bolòs & O.Bolòs; Veg. Com. Barcelona 298 (1950)

= Dianthus pungens var. attenuatus (Sm.) Pau; Brotéria, Ci. Nat. 5: 115 (1936), pro syn.

= Dianthus pyrenaicus subsp. catalaunicus (Willk. & Costa) Tutin; Feddes Repert. 68: 190 (1963)

species :

Dianthus quadridentatus (Sm.) Fassou, N.Korotkova, Dimop. & Borsch; PhytoKeys 196: 115 (2022)

Name: Vierzähnige Velezie (DE); Four-toothed Velezia (EN)

Distribution: European Turkey; Greece (rare NE-, C-Greece, Peloponnisos, Thasos, Athos, Samothraki, Limnos, widespread Kiklades); East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Psara, Chios, Fourni, Patmos, Lipsi, Leros, Tilos, Rhodos); N-Turkey (N-Anatolia); Turkey (SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia)

13 GRC TUE 34 EAI TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Velezia quadridentata Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. 1: 283 (1809)

= Velezia clavata d´Urv.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 284 (1822)

species :

Dianthus raddeanus Vierh.; Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien Math.-Nat. Kl. 57 1: 1145 (1898)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; NE-Turkey

33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus alpinus var. glacialis Trautv.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 2: 404 (1873), nom. illeg.

= Dianthus trautvetteri Woronow; Izv. Kavkazsk. Muz. 7: 346 (1913)

species :

Dianthus ramosissimus Pall. ex Poir.; Encycl. 4: 130 (1816)

Distribution: Siberia (Altai, Tuva, W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; China (N-Xinjiang); W-Mongolia

30 SIB 32 KAZ 36 CHI 37 MON

species :

Dianthus recognitus Schischk.; Acta Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS ser. 1, 3: 187 (1936)

Distribution: Turkey (NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia)

34 TUR

species :

Dianthus repens Willd.; Sp. Pl. 2(1): 681 (1799)

subspecies :

subsp. repens

Name: Boreal carnation

Distribution: European Russia; Siberia (Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Amur, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Magadan, Sakhalin); China (Nei Mongol); North Korea; Alaska; Canada (Yukon)

14 RUS 30 SIB 31 RFE 36 CHI 38 NKO 70 ASK CDN

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus alpinus subsp. repens (Regel) Kozhevn.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 18: 238 (1981)

= Dianthus alpinus var. repens (Willd.) Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(II): 531 (1862)

= Dianthus chinensis subsp. repens (Willd.) Vorosch.; A. K. Skvortsov (ed.), Florist. issl. v razn. raionakh S.S.S.R. 167 (1985)

= Dianthus repens var. scabripilosus Y.Z.Zhao; Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Intramongol. 20(1): 110 (1989)

subspecies :

subsp. schistosus Kuvaev; Fl. Subarkt. Gor Evraz. 144 (2006)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Kamchatka)

31 RFE

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus schistosus (Kuvaev) Chepinoga; Botanica Pacifica 12(2): 122 (2023)

species :

Dianthus rigidus M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 325 (1808)

Distribution: E-European Russia; Crimea; Siberia (W-Siberia); Kazakhstan

14 KRY RUS 30 SIB 32 KAZ

Synonyms: hidden

= Tunica rigida (M.Bieb.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 2: 54 (1837)

species :

Dianthus robustus Boiss. & Kotschy; Boiss., Fl. 1: 492 (1867)

Distribution: Armenia; Turkey (E-Anatolia)

33 ARM 34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus superbiens Kotschy ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 492 (1867)

species :

Dianthus roseoluteus Velen.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 36: 226 (1886)

Distribution: Bulgaria; European Turkey; Turkey (SSW-Anatolia)

13 BUL TUE 34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus campestris subsp. roseoluteus (Velen.) Stoj. & Acht.; Sborn. Bulg. Akad. Nauk. 29(2): 16 (1935)

= Dianthus purpureo-luteus Velen.; Fl. Bulg. 73 (1891)

species :

Dianthus rudbaricus Assadi; Iran. J. Bot. 3: 38 (1985)

Distribution: Iran (NW-Iran)

34 IRN

species :

Dianthus rupicola Biv.; Sicul. Pl. 1: 31 (1806)

subspecies :

subsp. rupicola

Distribution: Italy; Sicily

13 ITA SIC

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus arborescens Hoffmanns.; Verz. Pfl.-Kult. 56 (1824)

= Dianthus bertolonii J.Woods; Tourist´s Fl. 45 (1850)

= Dianthus bisignanii Ten.; Cat. Piante Barra 13 (1805)

= Dianthus involucratus Poir.; Encyc. Suppl. 4: 132 (1816)

= Dianthus rupicola var. bertolonii (J.Woods) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. 85 (1882)

= Dianthus suffruticosus Willd.; Enum. Pl. [Willd.] 1: 466 (1809)

subspecies :

subsp. aeolicus (Lojac.) Brullo & Miniss.; Inform. Bot. Ital. 33(2): 539 (2001 publ. 2002)

Distribution: Sicily

13 SIC

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus aeolicus Lojac.; Fl. Sicul. (Lojac.) 1(1): 163 (1888)

subspecies :

subsp. bocchoriana L.Llorens & Gradaille; Candollea 46(2): 389 (1991)

Distribution: Baleares (Mallorca)

12 BAL

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus rupicola subsp. bocchoriana (L.Llorens & Gradaille) Romo; Fl. Silvestres Baleares 218 (1994)

subspecies :

subsp. hermaeensis (Coss.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Butll. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 38: 87 (1974)

Distribution: Tunisia

20 TUN

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus hermaeensis Coss.; Ill. Fl. Atlant. 121 (1891)

= Dianthus rupicola var. hermaeensis (Coss.) Williams; J. Linn. Soc. London 29: 363 (1893)

subspecies :

subsp. lopadusanus Brullo & Miniss.; Inform. Bot. Ital. 33(2): 541 (2001 publ. 2002)

Distribution: Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa)

13 PEL

species :

Dianthus ruprechtii Schischk.; Grossh., Fl. Kavkaza 2: 432 (1930), et Fl. URSS 6: 818, 896 (1936), latine

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Azerbaijan

33 AZE GEO NCS

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus carthusianorum var. caucasicus Rupr.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 15(2): 174 (1869)

species :

Dianthus sachalinensis Barkalov & Prob.; Fl. Ross. Dal´nego Vostoka 444 (75) (2006)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Sakhalin)

31 RFE

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus chinensis subsp. paracampestris Vorosch.; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol., n. s. 83(5): 116 (1978)

species :

Dianthus saetabensis Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 29: 44 (1882)

subspecies :

subsp. saetabensis

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

subspecies :

subsp. contestanus (M.B.Crespo & Mateo) M.B.Crespo & Mateo; Flora Montiber. 40: 65 (2008)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus hispanicus subsp. contestanus M.B.Crespo & Mateo; Flora Montiber. 20: 8 (2002)

species :

Dianthus sahandicus Assadi; Iran. J. Bot. 3: 45 (1985)

Distribution: Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)

34 IRN

species :

Dianthus sancarii Hamzaoglu & Koç; Biol. Diversity Conservation 11(1): 31 (2018)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Dianthus sardous Bacch., Brullo, Casti & Giusso; Feddes Repert. 116(3-4): 271 (2005)

Distribution: Sardinia

12 SAR

species :

Dianthus scaber Chaix; Pl. Vap. 27 (1785), et Hist. Pl. Dauphiné [Villars] 1: 331 (1786)

Distribution: France

12 FRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus hirtus Vill.; Hist. Pl. Dauphine 3: 593 (1789) (nom. illeg.)

species :

Dianthus scardicus Wettst.; Luerss. Bibl. Bot. Heft 26: 31 t. II. fig. 1-5 (1892)

Distribution: Montenegro; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania

13 ALB KOS MNT NMA

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus lakusicii (Wraber) Niketic; Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Belgrade 13: 97 (2020)

= Dianthus nitidus subsp. lakusicii Wraber; Biol. Vestn. 36(4): 97 (1988)

= Dianthus scardicus var. incisus Micevski; Prilozi Oddel. Biol. Med. Nauki Makedonska Akad. Nauk. Umet., 8(1-2): 44 (1987 publ. 1990)

species :

Dianthus schemachensis Schischk.; Trudy Geobot. Obsl. Pastb. SSR Aserbaijana 7: 90 (1931)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia)

33 AZE NCS 34 TUR

Remarks: monadelphus agg.

species :

Dianthus seguieri Vill.; Prosp. 48, Chaix, in Vill. Hist. Pl. Dauphiné [Villars] 1: 330 3: 594 (1786)

subspecies :

subsp. seguieri

Name: Seguier-Nelke (DE), Ragged pink (EN)

Distribution: Switzerland; Austria; France; Italy; Turkey (Anatolia); Canada [I] (Alberta [I])

11 AUT SWI 12 FRA 13 ITA 34 TUR 71 cdn

Remarks: see also D. sylvaticus which is frequently included here

Synonyms: hidden

= Cylichnanthus ciliatus Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyr. 261 (1867)

= Dianthus asper var. angustifolius Ser.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 357 (1824)

= Dianthus asper Willd.; Enum. Pl. 466 (1809)

= Dianthus seguieri f. longibracteatus Regel; Index Sem. (St. Petersburg [Petropolitanus]) 1863: 34 (1863)

= Dianthus seguieri subsp. glaber Tutin & Walters; T. G. Tutin et al., Fl. Europaea 1: 192 (1964)

= Dianthus seguieri subsp. italicus Tutin; Feddes Repert. 68: 189 (1963)

= Dianthus seguieri subsp. pseudocollinus (P.Fourn.) Jauzein; Biocosme Mésogéen 27: 114 (2010)

= Dianthus seguieri var. asper (Willd.) W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 1: 96 (1835)

= Dianthus seguieri var. viscidus Regel; Index Sem. (St. Petersburg [Petropolitanus]) 1863: 40 (1863)

= Dianthus subaggregatus (Alboff) Schischk. ex Kem.-Nath.; Monit. Jard. Bot. Tiflis, 1928-30, n. s. Pt. 5, 12 (1931)

= Silene seguieri (Vill.) E.H.L.Krause; Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild., ed. 2, 5: 109 (1901)

subspecies :

subsp. requienii (Godr.) M.Bernal, M.Laínz & Muñoz Garm.; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 44(2): 569 (1987)

Distribution: NE-Spain; Andorra; France

12 ADO FRA SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Cylichnanthus neglectus (Loisel.) Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées 262 (1867)

= Cylichnanthus unibiflorus Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées 261 (1867)

= Dianthus arragonensis Timb.-Lagr. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 105 (1878)

= Dianthus attenuatus subsp. requienii (Godr.) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France 47 (1894)

= Dianthus balbisii subsp. gautieri (Sennen) Sennen; Treb. Mus. Ci. Nat. Barcelona, Sèr. Bot. 15: 47 (1931)

= Dianthus cadevallii Sennen & Pau; Bull. Geogr. Bot. 24: 237 (1914)

= Dianthus furcatus subsp. requienii (Godr.) Kerguélen; Lejeunia, 120: 80 (1987)

= Dianthus gautieri Sennen; Bull Géogr. Bot. 21: 107 (1911)

= Dianthus gautieri var. mixtus Sennen; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 24: 236 (1914), nom. alt.

= Dianthus geminiflorus var. arragonensis (Timb.-Lagr.) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 171 (1896)

= Dianthus glacialis DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 6: 603 (1815), nom. illeg.

= Dianthus hirtus subsp. requienii (Godr.) Bonnier; Fl. Ill. France 2: 46 (1913)

= Dianthus hispanicus var. serratus (Lapeyr.) Pau; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 4: 288 (1905)

= Dianthus monspessulanus var. arragonensis (Timb.-Lagr.) Pau; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 4: 187 (1905)

= Dianthus monspessulanus var. requienii (Godr.) Cadevall & Pau; Mem. Real Acad. Ci. Barcelona 6: 42 (1907)

= Dianthus neglectus Loisel.; J. Bot. (Desvaux) 2: 321 (1809)

= Dianthus queraltii Sennen; Bol. Soc. Iber. Ci. Nat. 25: 210 (1926 publ. 1927)

= Dianthus requienii Godr.; Fl. France [Grenier] 1: 234 (1847)

= Dianthus requienii subsp. arragonensis (Timb.-Lagr.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 105 (1878)

= Dianthus seguieri proles costei Sennen; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 24: 237 (1914)

= Dianthus seguieri proles gautieri (Sennen) Sennen; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 11: 185 (1912)

= Dianthus seguieri subsp. cadevallii (Sennen & Pau) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Butll. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 38: 88 (1974)

= Dianthus seguieri subsp. gautieri (Sennen) Tutin; Feddes Repert. 68: 189 (1963)

= Dianthus seguieri var. gautieri (Sennen) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat., Secc. Bot. 38: 88 (1974)

= Dianthus seguieri var. gerundensis (Sennen & Pau) O.Bolòs & Vigo; But. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat., 38 Bot. 1: 88 (1974)

= Dianthus seguieri var. queraltii (Sennen) O.Bolòs & Vigo; But. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat., 38 Bot. 1: 88 (1974)

= Dianthus serratus proles sallentii Sennen; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 24: 236 (1914)

= Dianthus serratus subsp. cadevallii (Sennen & Pau) Sennen; Treb. Mus. Ci. Nat. Barcelona, Sèr. Bot. 15: 47 (1931)

= Dianthus serratus subsp. paui (Sennen) Sennen; Treb. Mus. Ci. Nat. Barcelona, Sèr. Bot. 15: 47 (1931)

= Dianthus serratus subsp. sallentii (Sennen) Sennen; Treb. Mus. Ci. Nat. Barcelona, Sèr. Bot. 15: 47 (1931)

= Dianthus ×gerundensis Sennen & Pau; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 4: 309 (1905)

species :

Dianthus seidlitzii Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 506 (1867)

Distribution: Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)

34 IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus pusillus Freyn & Sint.; Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 92: (1892)

species :

Dianthus seisuimontanus Masam.; Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 31: 343 (1941)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Dianthus semenovii (Regel & Herder) Vierh.; Sitzungsber. Kaiserl. Acad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Cl., Abt. 1, 107: 1147 (1898)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; China (Xinjiang)

32 KAZ KGZ 36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus alpinus var. semenovii Regel & Herder; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 39: 531 (1866)

species :

Dianthus seravschanicus Schischk.; Fl. URSS 6: 852, 898 (1936)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan

32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB

species :

Dianthus serotinus Waldst. & Kit.; Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 188 (1804)

Name: Späte Nelke (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Austria; Poland; Slovakia; Hungary; Croatia; Serbia; Romania; Ukraine

11 AUT ger HUN POL SLO 13 CRO ROM SRB 14 UKR

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus pseudoserotinus var. stawkianus (Tangl ex Tomaschek) Fedor.; Ukrain. Bot. J. 56(4): 409 (1999)

= Dianthus serotinus f. brevicalyx Zapal.; 76 (1911)

= Dianthus serotinus f. densicaespitosus Zapal.; 77 (1911)

= Dianthus serotinus f. glaucescens Zapal.; 79 (1911)

= Dianthus serotinus f. grandicaespitosus Zapal.; 76 (1911)

= Dianthus serotinus f. pluriflorus Zapal.; 77 (1911)

= Dianthus serotinus f. roseus (Blocki) Zapal.; 76 (1911)

= Dianthus serotinus f. simplicior Zapal.; 76 (1911)

= Dianthus serotinus f. stawkianus (Tangl) Zapal.; 77 (1911)

= Dianthus serotinus f. subaequifolius Zapal.; 77 (1911)

= Dianthus serotinus f. subrotundilimbis Zapal.; 77 (1911)

= Dianthus serotinus var. kitaibelianus Zapal.; 76 (1911), nom. inval.

= Dianthus serotinus var. makutrensis Zapal.; 77 (1911)

= Dianthus serotinus var. stenophyllus Zapal.; 78 (1911)

= Dianthus serotinus var. viridifolius (Blocki) Zapal.; 76 (1911)

= Dianthus serotinus var. vistulensis Zapal.; 78 (1911)

= Dianthus stawkianus Tangl ex Tomaschek; Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 18: 356 (1868)

species :

Dianthus serpentinus Hamzaoglu; Nordic J. Bot. 33(1): 59 (2014)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Dianthus serratifolius Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. 1: 287 (1809)

Distribution: S-Greece (Attiki, Peloponnisos)

13 GRC

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus nazaraeus E.D.Clarke; Travels Eur. Asia & Africa 2: 420 (1812)

= Dianthus serratifolius subsp. abbreviatus (Heldr. ex Halácsy) Strid; Strid (ed.), Mount. Fl. Greece 1: 179 (1986)

= Dianthus serratifolius var. abbreviatus Heldr. ex Halácsy; Consp. Fl. Graec. 1: 217 (1900)

= Dianthus taygeteus Quézel & Contandr.; Nat. Monspel., Ser. Bot., Fasc. 16, 101 (1965), designat. typi omissa

species :

Dianthus serrulatus Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 1: 346 (1798)

subspecies :

subsp. serrulatus

Distribution: Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya

20 ALG LBY MOR TUN

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus serrulatus var. strictus Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 23: 169 (1932)

= Dianthus serrulatus var. subsimplex Williams ex Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 23: 169 (1932)

subspecies :

subsp. cyrenaicus (Pamp.) Maire; Fl. Afrique N. 10: 303 (1963)

Distribution: Libya

20 LBY

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus serrulatus var. cyrenaicus Pamp.; Arch. Bot. (Forlì) 12: 24 (1936)

subspecies :

subsp. macranthus Maire; Fl. Afrique N. 10: 302 (1963)

Distribution: Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia

20 ALG MOR TUN

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus mesanidum Litard. & Maire; Mem. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 4: 7. (1924)

= Dianthus serrulatus var. broteri Batt.; Batt. & Trab., Fl. Algérie Tunisie 61 (1905), nom. illeg.

= Dianthus serrulatus var. mesanidum (Litard. & Maire) Maire; Fl. Afrique N. 10: 303 (1963)

species :

Dianthus sessiliflorus Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] Suppl. 78 (1888)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Dianthus setisquameus Hausskn. & Bornm.; Mitt. Geogr. Ges. (Thüringen) Jena 9(2): 15 (1891)

Distribution: Turkey (N-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Dianthus shinanensis (Yatabe) Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 17: 58 (1903)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus barbatus var. shinanensis Yatabe; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 6: 132 (1892)

= Dianthus shinanensis f. alpinus Hid.Takah. ex T.Shimizu; Fl. Nagano Pref. 1505 (1997)

= Dianthus takenakae Honda; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 44: 670 (1930)

species :

Dianthus siculus C.Presl; J. Presl & C. Presl, Delic. Prag. 59 (1822)

subspecies :

subsp. siculus

Distribution: France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia

12 COR FRA SAR 13 ITA SIC 20 ALG MOR TUN

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus caryophyllus f. transiens (Maire) Maire; Fl. Afrique N. 10: 319 (1963)

= Dianthus caryophyllus subsp. siculus (J.Presl) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. ed. 2:.306 (1894)

= Dianthus caryophyllus var. lanceolatus (Pau) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 2: 238 (1932)

= Dianthus caryophyllus var. puberulus Faure & Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 22: 280 (1931)

= Dianthus caryophyllus var. siculus (C.Presl) Tanfani; Parl., Fl. Ital. 9: 284 (1892)

= Dianthus caryophyllus var. siculus (C.Presl) Bonnet & Barratte; Cat. Pl. Tunisie [Bonnet & Barratte]: 48 (1896), isonym

= Dianthus caryophyllus var. transiens Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 20: 16 (1929)

= Dianthus kremeri Boiss. & Reut.; Pugillus Pl. Afr. Bor. Hispan. 21 (1852)

= Dianthus kremeri var. trichodontus Faure & Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 30: 333 (1939)

= Dianthus mauritii Sennen; Diagn. Nouv. 295 (1936)

= Dianthus multinervis subsp. siculus (C.Presl) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 105 (1878)

= Dianthus siculus var. lanceolatus Pau; Caball.,Trab. Mus. Cienc. Nat., Ser. Bot. 11: 22 (1917)

= Dianthus sylvestris subsp. siculus (C.Presl) Tutin; Feddes Repert. 68: 190 (1963)

= Dianthus virgineus subsp. siculus (C.Presl) Ball; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 332 (1877)

subspecies :

subsp. cyathophorus (Moris) Arrigoni; Parlatorea 7: 20 (2005)

Distribution: Italy; Sicily

13 ITA SIC

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus cyathophorus Moris; Index Sem. Hort. Taurin. (1852) 32

= Dianthus cyathophorus subsp. minae (Mazzola, Raimondo & Ilardi) Raimondo; Quad. Bot. Amb. Appl. 21: 189 (-190) (2010)

= Dianthus minae Mazzola, Raimondo & Ilardi; Bocconea 17: 307 (2004)

subspecies :

subsp. morisianus (Vals.) Arrigoni; Parlatorea 7: 20 (2005)

Distribution: Sardinia

12 SAR

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus morisianus Vals.; Boll. Soc. Sarda Sci. Nat. 24: 333 (1985)

subspecies :

subsp. mossanus (Bacch. & Brullo) Arrigoni; Parlatorea 7: 20 (2005)

Distribution: Sardinia

12 SAR

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus mossanus Bacch. & Brullo; Portugal. Acta Biol. 19(1-4): 296 (2000)

subspecies :

subsp. stellaris (Camarda) Arrigoni; Parlatorea 7: 20 (2005)

Distribution: Sardinia

12 SAR

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus stellaris Camarda; Parlatorea 6: 87 (2003)

subspecies :

subsp. tenuifolius (Moris) Arrigoni; Parlatorea 7: 20 (2005)

Distribution: Sardinia

12 SAR

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus caryophyllus var. tenuifolius Moris; Fl. Sardoa 1: 231 (1837)

species :

Dianthus simulans Stoj. & Stef. ex Stef. & Jordanov; Magyar Bot. Lapok 32: 1 (1933)

Distribution: North Macedonia; SW-Bulgaria; NE-Greece (very rare)

13 BUL GRC NMA

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus gracilis subsp. simulans (Stoj. & Stef.) Stoj. & Acht.; Sborn. Bulg. Akad. Nauk. 29(2): 71 (1935)

species :

Dianthus sinaicus Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 1, 1: 23 (1843)

Distribution: Israel (N-Negev Desert, C-Israel); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, S-Sinai); Saudi Arabia (Hejaz, Asir)

34 ISR SIN 35 SAU

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus multisquamatus Hochst. ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 497 (1867)

species :

Dianthus siphonocalyx Blakelock; Kew Bull. 3: 397, t. 1, f. A (1949)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (W-Iran)

34 IRN IRQ TUR

species :

Dianthus skopjensis Micevski; Prilozi Oddel. Biol. Med. Nauki Makedonska Akad. Nauk. Untet., 8(1-2): 36 (1987 publ. 1990)

Distribution: North Macedonia

13 NMA

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Dianthus somanus Oskay; Phytotaxa 347(4): 264 (2018)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Dianthus songmaoensis S.S.Ying; New Taxa New Names 7: 221 (2024)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Dianthus sphacioticus Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: 70 (1849)

Distribution: Crete (Lefka Ori)

13 KRI

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus leucophaeus Sieber; Reise Kreta 2: 320 (1823) non Sm.

species :

Dianthus spiculifolius Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 98 (1866)

Distribution: Romania; Ukraine (E-Carpathians)

13 ROM 14 UKR

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus carpathicus Borbás; Termesz. Fuzet. 12: 44 (1889)

= Dianthus microcheilus B.S.Williams; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 41: 176 (1891)

= Dianthus petraeus subsp. spiculifolius (Schur) Ciocârlan

species :

Dianthus squarrosus M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 331 (1808)

Distribution: S-European Russia; C-Ukraine; W-Kazakhstan

14 RUS UKR 32 KAZ

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus arenarius Pall.; Reise Russ. Reich. 3: 600 (1776), nom. illeg.

= Dianthus mussini Hornem.; Hort. Bot. Hafn. 1: 408 (1813)

= Dianthus recurvus Fisch. ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 1: 284 (1842)

= Dianthus sabulosus Willd. ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 1: 284 (1842)

species :

Dianthus stamatiadae Rech.f.; Bot. Not. 124: 77 (1971)

Distribution: NC-Greece (very local)

13 GRC

species :

Dianthus stapfii Lemperg; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 50: 261 (1941)

Distribution: Iran (EC-Iran, SW-Iran)

34 IRN

species :

Dianthus stenocephalus Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 1, 1: 19 (1843)

Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)

34 IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus macrolepis Fenzl ex Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: 64 (1849)

species :

Dianthus stenopetalus Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 1: 187 (1843)

Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; Greece (NW-, NC- & C-Greece, Mt. Parnonas, Rodopi)

13 ALB BUL GRC KOS NMA SRB

Remarks: giganteus agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus geticus Kulcz.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat. Przyr. Polsk. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial A/B, Nauki Mat.-Fiz. Biol. 59: 37 (1923)

= Dianthus stenopetalus var. brachycaulis Halácsy; Consp. Fl. Graec. 1: 210 (1900)

= Dianthus stenopetalus var. scabrifolius Halácsy; Consp. Fl. Graec. 1: 210 (1900)

species :

Dianthus stepanovae Barkalov & Prob.; Fl. Ross. Dal´nego Vostoka 444 (75-76) (2006)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Primorye)

31 RFE

species :

Dianthus sternbergii Sieber ex Capelli; Cat. Hort. Taur. 24 (1821)

subspecies :

subsp. sternbergii

Distribution: Austria; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia

11 AUT 13 CRO ITA SLV

Remarks: monspessulanus agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus hyssopifolius subsp. sternbergii (Sieber ex Capelli) Graebn. & Graebn.f.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 5(2): 436 (1922)

= Dianthus monspessulanus subsp. sternbergii (Sieber ex Capelli) Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 3: 338 (1911)

= Dianthus monspessulanus var. sternbergii (Sieber ex Capelli) Tanfani; Parl., Fl. Ital. 9: 276 (1892)

= Dianthus waldsteinii Sternb.; Flora (Regensburg) 9, Beil. 1: 73 (1826)

subspecies :

subsp. marsicus (Ten.) Pignatti; Giorn. Bot. Ital. 107: 209 (1973)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus marsicus Ten.; Fl. Neapol. Syll. 61 (1830)

= Dianthus monspessulanus subsp. marsicus (Ten.) Novák; Spisy Mr. Fak. Karlovy Univ. 21: 25 (1924)

= Dianthus monspessulanus var. marsicus (Ten.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. 87 (1882)

= Dianthus waldsteinii subsp. marsicus (Ten.) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 12(2): 188 (1982)

species :

Dianthus stramineus Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 1, 8: 70 (1849)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Dianthus stribrnyi Velen.; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. Prag, Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. 1893(37): 15 (1893)

Distribution: Serbia; Bulgaria

13 BUL SRB

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus moesiacus subsp. stribrnyi (Velen.) Stoj. & Acht.; Sborn. Bulg. Akad. Nauk. 29(2): 53 (1935)

species :

Dianthus strictus Banks & Sol.; Russell, Nat. Hist. Aleppo ed. 2, 2: 252 (1794)

subspecies :

subsp. strictus

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, C-Syrian Desert, Jazira, NW-Syria, Jbel Druze, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (C-Israel, coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, N-Negev Desert, Judean Desert, Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, N-Saudi Arabia, Hejaz, Asir); Kuwait

34 CYP IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR TUR 35 KUW SAU

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus halepensis Bornm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 89: 91 (1936)

= Dianthus polycladus Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: 65 (1849)

= Dianthus quadrilobus Boiss.; Tchihatch., Asie Min., Bot. 1: 222 (1860)

= Dianthus strictus subsp. polycladus (Boiss.) Kollmann; Israel J. Bot. 14: 152 (1966)

= Dianthus sulcatus Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 483 (1867)

subspecies :

subsp. multipunctatus (Ser.) Mouterde ex Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 12: 187 (1982)

Name: Vielpunktige Nelke (DE); Many-spotted Pink (EN)

Distribution: NW-Crete; East Aegaean Isl. (Kalimnos, Kos, Tilos, Simi, Karpathos, Rhodos); Turkey; Iran; Lebanon; Syria; Israel; Sinai peninsula; ?Jordania; Saudi Arabia

34 EAI IRN ISR LEB SIN SYR TUR 35 SAU

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus axilliflorus Fenzl; Pug. Pl. Nov. Syr. 10 (1842)

= Dianthus bitlisianus Kotschy ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 483 (1867)

= Dianthus lineolatus (Bové) Delile; Index Sem. Hort. Monsp. (1838) ex Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. 2, 7: 286 (1837)

= Dianthus multipunctatus Ser.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 362 (1824)

= Dianthus multipunctatus var. axilliflorus (Fenzl) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 483 (1867)

= Dianthus multipunctatus var. gracilior Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 483 (1867)

= Dianthus multipunctatus var. subenervis Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 483 (1867)

= Dianthus paniculatus Pau; Trab. Mus. Ci. Nat., Ser. Bot. 14: 9 (1918)

= Dianthus striatellus Fenzl; Pug. Pl. Nov. Syr. 10 (1842)

= Dianthus strictus var. axilliflorus (Fenzl) Reeve; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 28: 19 (1967)

= Dianthus strictus var. gracilior (Boiss.) Reeve; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 28: 19 (1967)

= Dianthus strictus var. subenervis (Boiss.) Reeve; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 28: 19 (1967)

subspecies :

subsp. sublaevis D.F.Chamb.; Edinburgh J. Bot. 51(1): 56 (1994)

Distribution: Lebanon; Syria; Israel; Jordania; Saudi Arabia; N-Yemen

34 ISR JOR LEB SYR 35 SAU YEM

subspecies :

subsp. troodi (Post) B.F.Osorio & Seraphim ex Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 12(2): 187 (1982)

Distribution: Cyprus

34 CYP

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus multipunctatus var. troodi Post; Mém. Herb. Boiss. 18: 91 (1900)

= Dianthus strictus var. troodi (Post) S.S.Hooper; Meikle, Fl. Cyprus 1: 215, 806 (1977)

subspecies :

subsp. velutinus (Boiss.) Mouterde ex Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 12: 187 (1982)

Distribution: Lebanon; Israel

34 ISR LEB

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus multipunctatus var. velutinus Boiss.; Diagn. Pl Orient. 8: 65 (1849)

= Dianthus strictus var. velutinus (Boiss.) Eig; J. Bot. 75: 191 (1937)

species :

Dianthus strymonis Rech.f.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 60: 450 (1939)

Distribution: NE-Greece

13 GRC

Remarks: giganteus agg.

species :

Dianthus subacaulis Vill.; Hist. Pl. Dauphiné [Villars] 3: 597 (1789)

Name: Polster-Nelke

Distribution: France

12 FRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus furcatus subsp. subacaulis (Vill.) Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 5(1): 395 (1915), nom. illeg.

= Dianthus virgineus var. subacaulis (Vill.) Ser.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 361 (1824)

species :

Dianthus subaphyllus (Lemperg) Rech.f.; Fl. Iran. 163: 170, t. 408 (1988)

Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)

34 IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus tabrisianus var. subaphyllus Lemperg; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 50: 259 (1941)

species :

Dianthus subscabridus Lincz.; Fl. Uzbekistan. 2: 525 (1953)

Distribution: Uzbekistan; Tajikistan

32 TZK UZB

species :

Dianthus subulosus Conrath & Freyn ex Freyn; Bull. Herb. Boiss. 3: 76 (1895)

Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan

33 ARM AZE GEO

species :

Dianthus superbus L.; Fl. Suec. ed. 2: 146 (1755)

subspecies :

subsp. superbus

Name: Pracht-Nelke (DE)

Distribution: Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; +Netherlands; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, +Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Romania; Bulgaria; NE-Greece; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; W-European Russia; Ukraine; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Amur, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Kuril Isl., Magadan, Primorye, Sakhalin); Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; China (Anhui, Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Zhejiang); N-Mongolia; W-Mongolia; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu); Taiwan; Vietnam [I]; Java [I]

10 DEN FIN NOR SWE 11 AUT CZE GER HUN LIE NET POL SLO SWI 12 FRA 13 BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS NMA ROM SLV SRB 14 BLR EST LAT LIT RUS UKR 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 36 CHI 37 MON 38 JAP KOR TAI 41 vie 42 jaw

Synonyms: hidden

= Caryophyllus superbus (L.) Moench; Methodus [Moench] 59 (1794)

= Cylichnanthus fimbriatus Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées 262 (1867)

= Dianthus contortus Sm.; Cycl. (Rees) 11 (1808)

= Dianthus fimbriatus Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 2: 538 (1779)

= Dianthus fimbriatus subsp. superbus (L.) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France 47 (1894), nom. illeg.

= Dianthus multifidus Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 2: 162 (1782), opus utique oppr.

= Dianthus plumarius Gunnerus ex Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 2: 379 (1825), nom. illeg., non L.

= Dianthus revolutus Tausch; Flora (Regensburg) 13: 245 (1830)

= Dianthus schizopetalus Wallr.; Linnaea 14: 570 (1840)

= Dianthus superbus f. albiflorus Iljinski; Trudy Bot. Muz. Imp. Akad. Nauk 14: 25 (1915)

= Dianthus superbus f. albus Popov; Konspekt Fl. Pober. Baikal 213 (1966)

= Dianthus superbus f. contractus Zapal.; 82 (1911)

= Dianthus superbus f. elliticus Zapal.; 82 (1911)

= Dianthus superbus f. leucanthus T.Shimizu; J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. 37(2): 120 (1989)

= Dianthus superbus f. macrophyllus Zapal.; 83 (1911)

= Dianthus superbus f. monanthus Zapal.; 82 (1911)

= Dianthus superbus f. ornatissimus Zapal.; 83 (1911)

= Dianthus superbus f. parviflorus (Celak.) Hegi; 342 (1911)

= Dianthus superbus f. sarmaticus Zapal.; 83 (1911)

= Dianthus superbus f. sublancifolius Zapal.; 82 (1911)

= Dianthus superbus subsp. norvegicus M.Kuzmina; Fl. Vostochnoi Evropy 11: 294 (2004)

= Dianthus superbus var. alpestris Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 36: 63 (1922), nom. illeg.

= Dianthus superbus var. amoena Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 44: 520 (1930)

= Dianthus superbus var. nanus Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 187 (1896)

= Dianthus superbus var. rubicundus Ser.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 365 (1824)

= Dianthus superbus var. subobtusus Regel & Herder; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 39(1): 532 (1866)

= Dianthus szechuensis F.N.Williams; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 34: 428 (1899)

= Dianthus wimmeri Wich.; Jahresber. Schles. Ges. Vaterl. Cult. 1854: 75 (1854)

= Plumaria revoluta (Tausch) Opiz; Seznam 75 (1852), nom. inval.

= Plumaria superba (L.) Opiz; Seznam 75 (1852), nom. inval.

= Silene diffusa Forssk. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 584 (1841), nom. inval.

= Silene esquirolii H.Lév.; Fl. Kouy-Tcheou 68 (1914)

= Silene superba (L.) E.H.L.Krause; Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild., ed. 2, 5: 116 (1901)

subspecies :

subsp. alpestris (Uechtr.) Kablík. ex Celak.; Prodr. Fl. Böhmen 508 (1875)

Name: Alpen-Pracht-Nelke (DE)

Distribution: Germany; Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; France; Italy; Montenegro; North Macedonia; Romania; Bulgaria; Ukraine; China (Hebei, S-Jilin, S-Nei Mongol, S-Shaanxi, Shanxi)

11 AUT CZE GER LIE POL SLO SWI 12 FRA 13 BUL ITA MNT NMA ROM 14 UKR 36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus speciosus (Rchb.) Rchb.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 5-6: 46 (1844)

= Dianthus speciosus f. babiogorensis Zapal.; 85 (1911)

= Dianthus speciosus f. diminutus Zapal.; 85 (1911)

= Dianthus speciosus f. galatiensis Zapal.; 85 (1911)

= Dianthus speciosus f. humilior Zapal.; 85 (1911)

= Dianthus speciosus f. rebropietrosuanus Zapal.; 85 (1911)

= Dianthus speciosus f. reiensis Zapal.; 85 (1911)

= Dianthus speciosus var. proseocarpaticus Zapal.; 85 (1911)

= Dianthus superbus f. albiflorus Tatew.; Veg. Shikotan Is. 32 (1940), nom. illeg.

= Dianthus superbus f. bibracteolata (Koidz.) Tatew.; J. Sapporo Soc. Agric. 121: 256 (1934)

= Dianthus superbus f. chionanthus Okuyama; J. Jap. Bot. 30: 42 (1955)

= Dianthus superbus f. speciosus (Rchb.) Bolzon; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. s. 21: 180 (1914)

= Dianthus superbus subsp. speciosus (Rchb.) Hayek; Sched. Fl. Stiriac. 11-12: 9. (1907)

= Dianthus superbus subsp. speciosus (Rchb.) Simonk.; 122 (1887)

= Dianthus superbus var. alpestris Uechtr.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 7: 360 (1857)

= Dianthus superbus var. bibracteolata Koidz.; Icon. Pl. Koisikav. 3(4): t. 183 (1916)

= Dianthus superbus var. grandiflorus (Tausch) Fiek; 60 (1881)

= Dianthus superbus var. monticola Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 17: 59 (1903)

= Dianthus superbus var. speciosus Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 2: 808 (1832)

subspecies :

subsp. sajanensis Baikov; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) et Fl. Sibir. (Portulacac.-Ranunculac.) 77(9): 80 (1992) 6: 208 (1993)

Distribution: Siberia (Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva)

30 SIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus sajanensis (Baikov) Chepinoga; Konspekt Fl. Irkutsk. Obl. 116 (2008)

subspecies :

subsp. stenocalyx (Trautv.) Kleopow; Izv. Kievsk. Bot. Sada 12-13: 39 (1931)

Distribution: Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine

14 BLR MLD UKR

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus superbus var. stenocalyx Trautv.

= Dianthus stenocalyx (Trautv.) Juz.; Mem. Inst. Agron. & For. Belarus 4: 212 (1925)

subspecies :

subsp. silvestris Celak.; Celak., Prodr. fl. Böhmen 3: 508 (1875)

Distribution: Germany; Czech Republic; France

11 CZE GER 12 FRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus superbus subsp. autumnalis Oberd.; Pfl. Exkurs. Fl. ed. 4: 359 (1979), nom. nov. inval.

= Dianthus superbus var. parviflorus Celak.; 508 (1875)

= Dianthus superbus var. silvestris (Celak.) Formánek; 83 (1886)

species :

Dianthus sylvaticus Hoppe ex Willd.; Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. 467 (1809)

Name: Busch-Nelke (DE)

Distribution: Germany (Brandenburg, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Schleswig-Holstein [I], Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Austria; Czech Republic; France

11 AUT CZE GER 12 FRA

Remarks: status uncertain, often included in D. seguieri

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus seguieri f. alpinus Vollm.; 243, 827 (1914)

= Dianthus seguieri subsp. glaber Celak.; Celak., Prodr. Fl. Böhmen 3: 507 (1875)

= Dianthus seguieri subsp. sylvaticus (Hoppe ex Willd.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. 84 (1882)

= Dianthus seguieri subsp. sylvaticus (Hoppe ex Willd.) Bonnier & Layens; 47 (1894)

= Dianthus seguieri var. sylvaticus (Hoppe ex Willd.) W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 1: 96 (1835)

= Dianthus sylvaticus proles collinus Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 168 (1896)

= Dianthus sylvaticus var. fasciculatus Lamotte; Prodr. Fl. Plat. Centr. 1: 136 (1877)

= Dianthus sylvaticus var. pseudocollinus P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France (ed. 1) 330 (1934-1940)

= Dianthus sylvaticus var. subuniflorus Lamotte; Prodr. Fl. Plat. Centr. 1: 136 (1877)

species :

Dianthus sylvestris Wulfen; Jacq., Collectanea 1: 237 (1787)

subspecies :

subsp. sylvestris

Name: Stein-Nelke (DE), Woodland pink (EN)

Distribution: Germany [I] (Schleswig-Holstein [I]); S-Austria; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; NW-Greece (incl. Epirus, Kerkyra, Paxos); Canada [I] (Manitoba [I]); USA [I] (Michigan [I])

11 AUT ger 13 ALB BIH CRO GRC KOS MNT NMA SLV SRB 71 cdn 75 usa

Remarks: sylvestris agg., see Gargano et al. (2023) for separation of 3 species sylvestris - inodorus - virgineus. It is unclear whether the Bavarian Alps population belongs to D. sylvestris or D. inodorus. Many synonyms probably belong to D. inodorus.

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus aggericola Jord.; Billot, Annot. Fl. France Allemagne 48 (1855)

= Dianthus brevicalyx Beck; Ann. K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 2: 63 (1887)

= Dianthus brevicalyx Vierh.; Mitt. Naturwiss. Vereins Univ. Wien ser. 2, 4: 24 (1906), nom. illeg.

= Dianthus caryophylloides Schult.; Observ. Bot. 78 (1809)

= Dianthus caryophyllus subsp. sylvestris (Wulfen) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 193 (1896)

= Dianthus caryophyllus var. consimilis (Jord.) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 195 (1896)

= Dianthus caryophyllus var. guyetanii (Jord.) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 195 (1896)

= Dianthus caryophyllus var. orophilus (Jord.) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 195 (1896)

= Dianthus caryophyllus var. saxicola (Jord.) St.-Lag.; A. Cariot, Étude Fl., éd. 8 2: 103 (1889)

= Dianthus consimilis Jord.; Billot, Annot. Fl. France Allemagne 47 (1855)

= Dianthus frigidus Zucc.; Flora (Regensburg) 7: 283 (1824)

= Dianthus guyetanii Jord.; Billot, Annot. Fl. France Allemagne 46 (1855)

= Dianthus orophilus Jord.; Billot, Annot. Fl. France Allemagne 43 (1855)

= Dianthus reuteri Jord.; Billot, Annot. Fl. France Allemagne 49 (1855)

= Dianthus rupestris L.f.; Suppl. 240 (1782)

= Dianthus saxicola Jord.; Mém. Acad. Sci. Lyon, Sect. Sci. 1: 241 (1851)

= Dianthus sylvestris f. albiflorus Micevski; Prilozi Oddel. Biol. Med. Nauki Makedonska Akad. Nauk. Umet., 8(1-2): 44 (1987 publ. 1990)

= Dianthus sylvestris subsp. alboroseus F.K.Mey.; Haussknechtia Beih. 15: 53 (2011)

= Dianthus sylvestris subsp. imbricatus (Gaudin) Ces.; Car. Catt., 289 (1844)

= Dianthus sylvestris subsp. kozjakensis Micevski; Prilozi Oddel. Biol. Med. Nauki Makedonska Akad. Nauk. Umet. 8: 43 (1987 publ. 1990)

= Dianthus sylvestris var. alpestris Micevski; Prilozi Oddel. Biol. Med. Nauki Makedonska Akad. Nauk. Umet. 8: 42 (1987 publ. 1990)

= Dianthus sylvestris var. bracteatus Gren. & Godr.; 238 (1847)

= Dianthus sylvestris var. ebracteatus Gren. & Godr.; 238 (1847), nom. inval.

= Dianthus sylvestris var. elatior W.D.J.Koch; 73 (1843)

= Dianthus sylvestris var. humilior W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 1: 97 (1835)

= Dianthus sylvestris var. imbricatus Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 3: 152 (1828)

= Dianthus sylvestris var. scheuchzeri (Rchb.) Hausm.; 117 (1851)

= Dianthus sylvestris var. subacaulis W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 1: 97 (1835)

= Dianthus sylvestris var. uniflorus Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 3: 152 (1828)

= Dianthus wulfenii F.Dietr.; Nachtr. Vollst. Lex. Gärtn. 2: 669 (1816)

= Silene sylvestris (Wulfen) E.H.L.Krause; Sturm, Fl. Deutschland, ed. 2, 5: 112 (1901), nom. illeg.

= Silene sylvestris (Wulfen) Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. Index, 121 (1832)

subspecies :

subsp. aristidis (Batt.) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 12: 187 (1982)

Distribution: Algeria

20 ALG

Remarks: belongs likely to D. virgineus

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus aristidis Batt.; Batt. & Trab. Fl. de l´Alger. (Dicot.) (1888), append. 2 p. v.

= Dianthus caryophyllus subsp. aristidis (Batt.) Maire; Fl. Afrique N. 10. 320 (1963)

subspecies :

subsp. bertisceus Rech.f.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 38: 150 (1935)

Distribution: Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania

13 ALB KOS MNT NMA SRB

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus bertisceus (Rech.f.) E.Mayer & Trpin; Biol. Vest., Ljublj. 13: 57 (1965)

subspecies :

subsp. boissieri (Willk.) Dobignard; J. Bot. Soc. Bot. France 20: 37 (2002)

Distribution: S-Spain; Morocco; Algeria

12 SPA 20 ALG MOR

Remarks: belongs likely to D. virgineus

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus boissieri Willk.; Icon. Descr. Pl. Nov. 1: 22 (1853)

= Dianthus caryophyllus f. brevifolius (Rouy) Maire; Fl. Afrique N. 10: 319 (1963)

= Dianthus caryophyllus f. charmelii (Sennen & Mauricio) Maire; Fl. Afrique N. 10: 319 (1963)

= Dianthus caryophyllus f. emancipatus Pau & Font Quer; Font Quer, Iter marocc. 1927 no. 195, in sched. (1928)

= Dianthus caryophyllus f. grandiflorus Pau & Font Quer; Font Quer, Iter marocc. 1928 no. 102, in sched. (1929)

= Dianthus caryophyllus f. herriotii Sennen & Mauricio; Cat. Fl. Rif Orient. 19 (1933)

= Dianthus caryophyllus f. longifolius (Maire) Maire; Fl. Afrique N. 10: 319 (1963)

= Dianthus caryophyllus var. boissieri (Willk.) Emb. & Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 4: 991 (1941)

= Dianthus caryophyllus var. longifolius Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 22: 36 (1931) non Rouy

= Dianthus caryophyllus var. longifolius Rouy; Obs. Dianthus France 3 (1882)

= Dianthus caryophyllus var. mauritanicus Ball; [nomen]

= Dianthus caryophyllus var. tenuicaulis Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 30: 333 (1939)

= Dianthus charmelii Sennen & Mauricio; Diagn. Nouv. Pl. Espagne & Maroc 246 (1951)

= Dianthus sylvestris Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 85 (1839), nom. illeg.

subspecies :

subsp. longibracteatus (Maire) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 187 (1982)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

Remarks: belongs likely to D. virgineus

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus caryophyllus f. mogadorensis (Maire) Maire; Fl. Afrique N. 10: 319 (1963)

= Dianthus caryophyllus subsp. longibracteatus Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 19: 33 (1928)

= Dianthus caryophyllus var. mogadorensis Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 20: 16 (1929)

= Dianthus caryophyllus var. volubilitanus Maire; Jahandiez et al., Cat. Pl. Maroc 2: 238 (1932)

subspecies :

subsp. nodosus (Tausch) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 30(1): 247 (1924)

Distribution: Croatia; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo

13 CRO KOS MNT SRB

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus nodosus Tausch; Syll. Pl. Nov. 2: 243 (1828)

subspecies :

subsp. tergestinus (Rchb.) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 30(1): 247 (1924)

Distribution: NE-Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo

13 BIH CRO ITA KOS MNT SLV SRB

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus caryophyllus var. tergestinus (Rchb.) Tanfani; Parl., Fl. Ital. 9: 283 (1892)

= Dianthus tergestinus (Rchb.) A.Kern.; Fl Exsicc. Austro-Hung.: n 545 (1882) [in sched.]

= Dianthus virgineus var. tergestinus Rchb.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 5-6: tab. 5049 B (1844)

species :

Dianthus szowitsianus Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 503 (1867)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan)

33 NCS 34 IRN

species :

Dianthus tabrisianus Bien. ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 496 (1867)

Distribution: Armenia; Turkey (E-Anatolia); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran)

33 ARM 34 IRN TUR

Remarks: sometimes included in D. floribundus

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus pachypetalus Stapf; Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien Math.-Nat. Kl. 51: 278 (1886)

= Dianthus tabrisianus Bien.; Key Pl. Envir. Tashkent, ed. Popov, 117 (1924)

= Dianthus tabrisianus var. coloratus (Bornm.) Rech.f.; Fl. Iran, 163: 147 (1988)

= Dianthus pachypetalus var. coloratus Bornm.; Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 60: 80 (1910)

= Dianthus coloratus (Bornm.) Hand.-Mazz.; Ann. K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 26: 153 (1912)

species :

Dianthus takhtajanii Nersesian; Takhtajania 1: 47 (2011)

Distribution: Armenia

33 ARM

species :

Dianthus talyschensis Boiss. & Buhse; Nouv. Mem. Mosc. 12: 34 (1860)

Distribution: Azerbaijan (Talysh); NW-Iran (Talysh)

33 AZE 34 IRN

species :

Dianthus taoshanensis S.S.Ying; New Taxa New Names 5: 211 (2022)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Dianthus tarentinus Lacaita; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. ser. 2, 18: 511 (1911)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

Remarks: status uncertain, often included in D. sylvestris or D. virgineus (longicaulis)

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus sylvestris subsp. garganicus (Ten.) Pignatti; Giorn. Bot. Ital. 107: 211 (1973)

= Dianthus caryophyllus subsp. garganicus (Ten.) Grande; Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1912: 178 (1912)

= Dianthus caryophyllus var. garganicus (Ten.) Fiori; Nuov. Fl. Italia 1: 512 (1924)

= Dianthus garganicus (Ten.) Brullo; Braun-Blanquetia 2: 31 (1988)

= Dianthus sylvestris var. garganicus Ten.; Fl. Napol. 2: 208 (1820)

species :

Dianthus tenuiflorus (Griseb.) Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 1: 189 (1843)

Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Bulgaria; NE-Greece (incl. Sithona peninsula)

13 BUL GRC KOS NMA SRB

Remarks: corymbosus agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus corymbosus subsp. tenuiflorus (Griseb.) Trinajstic

= Dianthus tenorei F.N.Williams; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1914: 206 (1914)

species :

Dianthus thunbergii Hooper; Hook. Ic. Pl. 37: 38, t. 3617 (1959)

Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus scaber Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 1: 81 (1794) non Chaix 1785

= Dianthus prostratus Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. 32 (1834-1835)

= Dianthus crenatus E.Mey.; Zwei Pflanzengeogr. Docum. [Drège] 178 (1843)

= Dianthus ramentaceus Fenzl ex Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 1: 122 (1860)

= Dianthus thunbergii f. maritimus S.S.Hooper; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 7: 38 (1959)

species :

Dianthus tlaratensis Husseinov; Bot. Zhurn. 75(2): 234 (1990)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus

33 NCS

species :

Dianthus toletanus Boiss. & Reut.; Biblioth. Universelle Genève ser. 2, 38: 201 (1842)

Distribution: C-Spain (Toledo)

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus scaber subsp. toletanus (Boiss. & Reut.) Tutin; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 68: 190 (1963)

= Dianthus toletanus var. marianorum Sennen; Diagn. Nouv. 280 (1936)

species :

Dianthus transvaalensis Burtt Davy; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1922: 215 (1922)

Distribution: South Africa (Mpulamanga, Free State)

27 SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus scaber var. graminifolius Fenzl ex Szyszyl.

species :

Dianthus trifasciculatus Kit.; Schult., Oesterr. Fl. ed. 2, 1: 654 (1814)

subspecies :

subsp. trifasciculatus

Distribution: Serbia; Romania; Bulgaria; Ukraine

13 BUL ROM SRB 14 UKR

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus banaticus Kit.; Linnaea 32: 527 (1863)

= Dianthus biternatus Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 4: 11 (1853)

= Dianthus danubialis Griseb. & Schenk; Arch. Naturgesch. (Berlin) 18(1): 301 (1852)

= Dianthus heptaneurus Griseb. & Schenk; Arch. Naturgesch. (Berlin) 18(1): 302 (1852)

= Dianthus lancifolius Tausch; Flora (Regensburg) 14: 215 (1831)

= Dianthus pruinosus Janka; Index Sem. (WU, Vindobonensis) 1858: 4 (1859) non Boiss. & Orph.

= Dianthus transsylvanicus Schur; Verh. Siebenb. Ver. Naturw. 5: 82 (1854)

= Dianthus trifasciculatus subsp. pseudoliburnicus Stoj. & Acht.; Sborn. Bulg. Akad. Nauk. 29(2): 40 (1935)

subspecies :

subsp. parviflorus Stoj. & Acht.; Sborn. Bulg. Akad. Nauk 19(2): 40 (1935)

Distribution: Romania; Bulgaria

13 BUL ROM

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus deserti (Prodan) Prodan; Savul., Fl. Republ. Popul. Române 2: 232 (1953), nom. illeg.

= Dianthus trifasciculatus subsp. deserti (Prodan) Tutin

= Dianthus trifasciculatus var. deserti Prodan; Bul. Soc. Sti. Cluj 10(2): 156 (1948)

subspecies :

subsp. pseudobarbatus (Schmalh.) Jalas; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 22(3): 219 (1985)

Distribution: Serbia; Romania; Bulgaria; Moldova; Ukraine

13 BUL ROM SRB 14 MLD UKR

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus chinensis subsp. pseudobarbatus Schmalh.; Fl. Sredn. Jushn. Rossii 1: 125 (1895)

= Dianthus euponticus Zapal.; Consp. Fl. Galic. Crit. 3: 141 (1911)

= Dianthus pseudobarbatus (Schmalh.) Besser ex Klok.; Fl. URSS 4: 609 (1952)

= Dianthus trifasciculatus subsp. euponticus (Zapal.) Kleopow

species :

Dianthus tripunctatus Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. 1: 286 (1809)

Name: Dreipunkt-Nelke (DE); Three-spotted Pink (EN)

Distribution: Italy; Greece (rare Attiki, Peloponnisos, Thasos, Samothraki, scattered Kiklades); Crete; +Algeria; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Samos, Lipsi, Kalimnos, Kos, Simi, Tilos, Chalki, Rhodos, Karpathos, Kastellorhizo Isl.); Turkey (SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Cyprus (W-Cyprus); Lebanon (coastal W-Lebanon); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel)

13 GRC ITA KRI 20 ALG 34 CYP EAI ISR LEB TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus barati Duval-Jouve; Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 2: 350 (1855)

species :

Dianthus tunicoides Madhani & Heubl; Taxon 67(1): 103 (2018), nom. nov.

Distribution: Greece (scattered C-Greece, Attiki, Peloponnisos, Evvoia, Tinos, Naxos, Iraklia, Amorgos); East Aegaean Isl. (Chios, Samos); Turkey (WN-Anatolia)

13 GRC 34 EAI TUR

Remarks: illyrica agg.; possibly the name argentii Meikle has priority

Synonyms: hidden

= Fiedleria armerioides (Ser.) Ovcz.; Fl. Tadzhiksk. S.S.R. 3: 608 (1968)

= Gypsophila armerioides Ser.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 353 (1824)

= Gypsophila illyrica Sibth. & Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prod. 1: 281 (1809), non Saponaria illyrica Ard.

= Gypsophila sibthorpii (Kunth) Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 1, 8: 61 (1849)

= Kohlrauschia sibthorpii Kunth; Fl. Berol., ed. 2, 1: 109 (1838)

= Petrorhagia armerioides (Ser.) P.W.Ball & Heywood; Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Bot. 3: 139 (1964)

= Tunica argentii Meikle; Kew Bull. 9: 106 (1954)

= Tunica armerioides (Ser.) Halácsy; Consp. Fl. Graec. 1: 194 (1900)

= Tunica sibthorpii (Kunth) Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: 61 (1849) (nom. illeg.)

species :

Dianthus turkestanicus Preobr.; Izv. Glavn. Bot. Sada S.S.S.R. 15: 366 (1915)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Kyrgyzstan; E-Iran; Afghanistan (Farah, Herat, Jawzjan / Sar-e-Pol); China (N-Xinjiang)

32 KAZ KGZ TKM 34 AFG IRN 36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus alatavicus Popov; Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc., Biol., n. s. 47: 86 (1938)

= Dianthus crinitus subsp. turcomanicus (Schischk.) Rech.f.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 151(3-4): 287 (1986)

= Dianthus turcomanicus Schischk.; Fl. URSS 6: 853, 899. (1936)

= Dianthus versicolor subsp. turkestanicus (Preobr.) Kozhevn.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 22: 113 (1985)

species :

Dianthus tymphresteus (Boiss. & Spruner) Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 2, 6: 27 (1859)

Distribution: Greece (mountains around Mt. Giona and Mt. Parnassos, Mt. Chelmos, Mt. Erymanthos)

13 GRC

Remarks: corymbosus agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus viscidus var. tymphresteus Boiss. & Spruner; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: 64 (1849)

species :

Dianthus ucarii Hamzaoglu & Koç; Turkish J. Bot. 41(5): 487 (2017)

Distribution: European Turkey

13 TUE

species :

Dianthus ugamicus Vved.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Uzbekistansk. Fil. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 3: 10 (1941)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan

32 KAZ UZB

species :

Dianthus uniflorus Forssk.; Fl. Aeg.-Arab. CXI (1775)

Distribution: Saudi Arabia (Hejaz, Asir); Yemen (W-Yemen, N-Inner Yemen)

35 SAU YEM

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus pumilus Vahl; Symb. Bot. 1: 32 (1790)

species :

Dianthus uralensis Korsh.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 43: 310 (1930)

Distribution: E-European Russia (S-Ural); Siberia (W-Siberia); Kazakhstan

14 RUS 30 SIB 32 KAZ

species :

Dianthus urumoffii Stoj. & Acht.; Fl. Bulg., ed. 2: 364 (1933)

Distribution: W-Bulgaria

13 BUL

species :

Dianthus uzbekistanicus Lincz.; Fl. Uzbekistan. 2: 526 (1953)

Distribution: Uzbekistan; Tajikistan

32 TZK UZB

species :

Dianthus vanensis Behçet & Ilçim; Turkish J. Bot. 37(2): 219 (2013)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Dianthus varankii Hamzaoglu & Koç; KSÜ Tarim Doga Derg. 21(4): 546, figs. 1, 3-6 (2018)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Dianthus vigoi M.Laínz; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 42(2): 551 (1985 publ. 1986)

Distribution: NE-Spain (Gerona)

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus seguieri subsp. vigoi (M.Laínz) O.Bolòs; O. Bolòs & Vigo, Fl. Països Catalans 2: 757 (1990)

species :

Dianthus virgatus Pasq.; Ann. Accad. Aspir. Naturalisti, ser. 3, 1: 28 (1861)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus caryophyllus subsp. virgatus (Pasq.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital., ed. 2: 306 (1894)

species :

Dianthus virgineus L.; Sp. Pl. 412 (1753)

Distribution: Baleares; S-France; Corsica; C- & S-Italy; Sicily; San Marino [I]; ?Tunisia

12 BAL COR FRA 13 ITA SIC sma

Remarks: sylvestris agg., see Gargano et al. (2023) for separation of 3 species sylvestris - inodorus - virgineus

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus brachyanthus Gren. & Godr.; Fl. France [Grenier] 1: 235 (1847) non Boiss.

= Dianthus caryophyllus subsp. godronianus (Jord.) P.Martin; Soc. Ech. Pl. Vasc. Eur. Occid. Bassin Médit. Bull. 19: 93 (1984)

= Dianthus caryophyllus subsp. godronianus (Jord.) Sennen; Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.) 1932: no. 7481 (1932)

= Dianthus caryophyllus subsp. longicaulis (Ten.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. ed. 2: 306 (1894)

= Dianthus caryophyllus var. collivagus (Jord.) St.-Lag.; A. Cariot, Étude Fl., éd. 8 2: 104 (1889)

= Dianthus caryophyllus var. longicaulis (Ten.) Briq.; Prodr. Fl. Corse 1: 574 (1910), isonym

= Dianthus caryophyllus var. longicaulis (Ten.) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 331 (1936), isonym

= Dianthus caryophyllus var. longicaulis (Ten.) Trevir.; Index Sem. (WROCL, Wratislaviensi) 1821: 1 (1821)

= Dianthus caryophyllus var. virgineus (L.) Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 1(2): 379 (1898)

= Dianthus collivagus Jord.; Billot, Annot. Fl. France Allemagne 46 (1855)

= Dianthus godronianus Jord.; Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Lyon, Sect. Sci. ser. 2, 1: 242 (1851)

= Dianthus longicaulis St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 144 (1880)

= Dianthus longicaulis Ten.; Cat. Pl. Hort. Neapol. App. 1, ed. I: 77 (1819)

= Dianthus pungens Poir.; Lam., Encycl. 4: 526 (1798), nom. inval.

= Dianthus rupestris Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 2: 536 (1779)

= Dianthus scheuchzeri Jord.; Mém. Acad. Sci. Lyon, Sect. Sci. 1: 241 (1851)

= Dianthus scheuchzeri Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 2: 811 (1832), nom. superfl.

= Dianthus sylvestris subsp. godronianus (Jord.) Gamisans; Cat. Pl. Vasc. Corse 103 (1985), without basionym ref.

= Dianthus sylvestris subsp. longicaulis (Ten.) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 12: 187 (1982)

= Dianthus sylvestris var. godronianus (Jord.) Kerguélen; Lejeunia, 120: 81 (1987)

= Dianthus virgineus Gren. & Godr.; Bot. Mag. 42: t. 1740 (1815), nom. illeg.

= Tunica virginea (L.) Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 1: 302 (1771)

species :

Dianthus viridescens Clementi; Atti Riunione Sci. Ital. 3: 520 (1841)

Distribution: Croatia; S-Kosovo; Albania

13 ALB CRO KOS

Conservation Status: very rarely collected and poorly known

species :

Dianthus viscidus Bory & Chaub.; Expéd. Sci. Morée, Bot. 119 (1832)

Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread mainland, mountains on Peloponnisos, Evvoia, Kerkyra); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia)

13 ALB BUL GRC KOS NMA SRB TUE 34 TUR

Remarks: corymbosus agg. Contains records for ´D. corymbosus´ from outside Greece fide Strid (2024)

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus armeria subsp. armeriastrum (Wolfner) Velen.; Fl. Bulg., Suppl. 1: 42 (1898)

= Dianthus armeria var. armeriastrum (Wolfner) Tiehm; J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 17(1): 23 (2023)

= Dianthus armeriastrum Wolfner; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 8: 318 (1858)

= Dianthus corymbosus Poir.; Lam., Encycl., Suppl. 4: 124 (1816), nom. illeg.

= Dianthus diffusus var. dolopicus Halácsy; Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 48: 707 (1898)

= Dianthus grisebachii Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 2, 1: 62 (1854)

= Dianthus heldreichii (Bornm.) Bornm.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 59: 393 (1924)

= Dianthus olympicus Boiss.; Diagn. Ser. 1: 1: 19 (1846)

= Dianthus parnassicus Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 2, 1: 64 (1854)

= Dianthus poiretianus Ser.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 360 (1824)

= Dianthus viscidus subsp. elatior (Halácsy) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 30(1): 227 (1924)

= Dianthus viscidus subsp. grisebachii (Boiss.) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 30(1): 226 (1924)

= Dianthus viscidus var. glandulosus Micevski; Prilozi Oddel. Biol. Med. Nauki Makedonska Akad. Nauk. Umet., 8(1-2): 44 (1987 publ. 1990)

species :

Dianthus vladimiri Galushko; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 11 298 (1974)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus

33 NCS

species :

Dianthus vodnensis Micevski; Prilozi Oddel. Biol. Med. Nauki Makedonska Akad. Nauk. Umet., 8(1-2): 38 (1987 publ. 1990)

Distribution: North Macedonia

13 NMA

Remarks: provisionally accepted name, status uncertain and unconfirmed

species :

Dianthus volgicus Juz.; Notul. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS 13: 73 (1950)

Distribution: E-European Russia (around Kujbyshev)

14 RUS

Remarks: provisionally accepted name, status doubtful

species :

Dianthus vulturius Guss. & Ten.; Sem. Hort. Neapol. 1837: 3. (1837)

subspecies :

subsp. vulturius

Distribution: Italy; Algeria; ?Tunisia

13 ITA 20 ALG

Remarks: ferrugineus agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus atlanticus Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 1: 332 (1874)

= Dianthus balbisii subsp. medius (Rouy) Maire

= Dianthus balbisii subsp. vulturius (Guss. & Ten.) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 23: 169 (1932)

= Dianthus carthusianorum var. vulturius (Guss. & Ten.) Tanfani; Parl., Fl. Ital. 9: 253 (1892)

= Dianthus ferrugineus subsp. vulturius (Guss. & Ten.) Tutin; Feddes Repert. 68: 191 (1963)

= Dianthus liburnicus var. atlanticus (Pomel) Chabert; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 38: 383 (1892)

subspecies :

subsp. aspromontanus Brullo, Scelsi & Spamp.; Portugal. Acta Biol. 19(1-4): 310 (2000)

Distribution: S-Italy

13 ITA

species :

Dianthus webbianus Parl. ex Vis.; Atti Riunione Sci. Ital. 2: 180 (1841)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus erinaceus Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 1, 1: 21 (1843)

= Dianthus erinaceus var. alpinus Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 498 (1867)

species :

Dianthus woroschilovii Barkalov & Prob.; Fl. Ross. Dal´nego Vostoka 76 (444) (2006)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Primorye)

31 RFE

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus chinensis subsp. reflexus Vorosch.; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol., n. s. 83(5): 116 (1978)

species :

Dianthus xylorrhizus Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: 67 (1849)

Distribution: NW-Crete

Remarks: caryophyllus agg.

species :

Dianthus yilmazii Hamzaoglu & Koç; Kew Bull. 76: 524 (2021)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Dianthus zangezuricus Nersesian; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 42: 115 (2011)

Distribution: Armenia

33 ARM

species :

Dianthus zederbaueri Vierh.; Ann. Naturh. Mus. Wien 20: 391 (1905)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Dianthus zeyheri Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 1: 124 (1860)

subspecies :

subsp. zeyheri

Distribution: South Africa (Limpopo, Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal)

27 SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus albens Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 27(II): 369 (1854 publ. 1855)

= Dianthus mecistocalyx F.N.Williams; J. Bot. 27: 199 (1889)

= Dianthus serpae Ficalho & Hiern; Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 2: 17 (1881)

subspecies :

subsp. natalensis S.S.Hooper; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 37: 48 (1959)

Distribution: Angola; S-Zambia [I]; Mozambique; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.)

26 ANG MOZ zam 27 BOT SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus colensoi F.N.Williams; J. Bot. 23: 344 (1885)

species :

Dianthus zonatus Fenzl; Pug. Pl. Nov. Syr. 11 (1842)

Distribution: East Aegaean Isl. (Chios, Samos, Kos); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Saudi Arabia (Asir)

34 EAI TUR 35 SAU

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus zonatus var. hypochlorus (Boiss. & Heldr.) Reeve; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 28: 21 (1967)

= Dianthus hypochlorus Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: 67 (1849)

species :

Dianthus ×artignanii Sennen; Bol. Soc. Iber. Ci. Nat. 25: 145 (1926)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Dianthus hyssopifolius x D. multiceps

species :

Dianthus ×belkinii S.V.Smirn. & Shmakov; Turczaninowia 26(1): 8 (2023)

Distribution: Siberia (Altai)

30 SIB

Remarks: Dianthus superbus x versicolor

species :

Dianthus ×cincinnatus Lem.; Ill. Hort. 11: t. 388 (1864)

Distribution: China; etc.

36 CHI

Remarks: Dianthus chinensis x D. longicalyx

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus ×cincinnatus f. isensis (Hirahata & Kitam.) M.Hiroe; Pl. Basho´s & Buson´s Hokku Lit. 8: 489 (1971)

= Dianthus ×cincinnatus f. longipetalus M.Hiroe; Pl. Basho´s & Buson´s Hokku Lit. 8: 489 (1971)

= Dianthus ×cincinnatus f. rosalbus M.Hiroe; Pl. Basho´s & Buson´s Hokku Lit. 8: 489 (1971)

= Dianthus ×isensis Hirahata & Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 20: 205 (1962)

species :

Dianthus ×courtoisii Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 2: 806 (1832)

Distribution: Germany (Brandenburg, Baden-Württemberg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Siberia (Irkutsk [I], W-Siberia [I]); etc.

11 GER 30 SIB

Remarks: Dianthus barbatus x superbus

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus ×leitgebii Reichardt; 562 (1873)

= Dianthus ×wolfii Vetter; Bull. Murith. Soc. Valais. Sci. Nat. 11: 132 (1883)

species :

Dianthus ×digeneus Borbás; Természetrajzi Füz. 12: 44 (1889)

Distribution: Hungary; etc.

11 HUN

Remarks: Dianthus carthusianorum ssp. atrorubens x D. sylvestris

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus ×digeneus var. humilis Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 184 (1896)

= Dianthus ×paradoxus Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 187 (1896)

species :

Dianthus ×dufftii Hausskn. ex Asch.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 26: 259 (1876)

Distribution: Germany; Czech Republic; etc.

11 CZE GER

Remarks: Dianthus carthusianorum x D. deltoides

species :

Dianthus ×fallens Timb.-Lagr.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 5: 329 (1858)

Distribution: France; etc.

12 FRA

Remarks: Dianthus benearnensis x D. hyssopifolius

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus tener subsp. fallens (Timb.-Lagr.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 104 (1878)

= Dianthus ×borderi Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 183 (1896)

species :

Dianthus ×hellwigii Borbás ex Celak.; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. 1878: 20 (1879)

Distribution: Germany (Brandenburg, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Sachsen, Thüringen); Czech Republic; Slovakia; etc.

11 CZE GER SLO

Remarks: Dianthus deltoides x D. armeria

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus ×hellwigii Borbás ex Asch.; 258 (1876), nom. inval.

species :

Dianthus ×helveticorum M.Laínz; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 42: 549 (1985 publ. 1986)

Distribution: Europe

Remarks: Dianthus hyssopifolius x D. pungens ssp. brachyanthus

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus hendersonii Bosse; Vollst. Handb. Bl.-Gärtn., ed. 2, 4: 209 (1849)

species :

Dianthus ×jaczonis Asch.; Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 26: 257 (1876)

Distribution: Germany (Berlin, Bayern, Sachsen); European Russia; etc.

11 GER 14 RUS

Remarks: Dianthus deltoides L. x Dianthus superbus L.

species :

Dianthus ×javorkae Kárpáti; Borbásia 5-6: 87 (1946)

Distribution: Europe

Remarks: Dianthus armeria x D. carthusianorum

species :

Dianthus ×lorberi Kubát & Abtová; Severoceskou Prír. 21: 5 (1988)

Distribution: Czech Republic; etc.

11 CZE

Remarks: Dianthus carthusianorum ssp. carthusianorum x D. collinus

species :

Dianthus ×lucae Asch.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 26: 259 (1876)

Distribution: Germany (Brandenburg); Czech Republic; etc.

11 CZE GER

Remarks: Dianthus arenarius ssp. borussicus x D. carthusianorum

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus ×lucae var. novakii Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 5(2): 451 (1922)

= Dianthus ×novakii (Graebn.) Novák; Vestn. Král. Ceské Spolecn. Nauk. Tr. Mat.-Prír. 9: 47 (1927)

species :

Dianthus ×mansanetianus Mateo; Flora Montiber. 80: 37 (2021)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

species :

Dianthus ×melandrioides Pau; Not. Bot. Fl. Españ. 1: 29 (1887)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Dianthus broteroi x D. multiaffinis

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus ×carolipaui M.B.Crespo & Mateo; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 47: 506 (1989 publ. 1990)

species :

Dianthus ×ossetianus P.P.Ferrer & E.Laguna; Flora Montiber. 70: 68 (2018)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Dianthus broteri x D. edetanus

species :

Dianthus ×saxatilis F.W.Schmidt; Neuere Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. 1: 28 (1790)

subspecies :

subsp. saxatilis

Distribution: Europe

Remarks: Dianthus hyssopifolius x D. seguieri

subspecies :

subsp. varians (Rouy & Foucaud) M.Bernal, Laínz & Muñoz Garm.; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 45: 367 (1988) [nothossp.]

Distribution: Spain; France

12 FRA SPA

Remarks: Dianthus hyssopifolius x D. seguieri ssp. requienii

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus ×varians Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 186 (1896)

species :

Dianthus ×subfissus Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 184 (1896)

Distribution: France; etc.

12 FRA

Remarks: Dianthus deltoides x D. hyssopifolius

species :

Dianthus ×warionii Bucq. & Timb.-Lagr.; Bull. Soc. Agric. Sci. Litt. Pyrén.-Orient. 25: 20 (1881)

Distribution: Spain; France; etc.

12 FRA SPA

Remarks: Dianthus hyssopifolius x D. pyrenaicus ssp. attenuatus

Synonyms: hidden

= Dianthus ×richteri Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 182 (1896)

= Dianthus ×richteri var. warionii (Bucq. & Timb.-Lagr.) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 3: 183 (1896)

species :

Dianthus ×zschackeanus Asch. & Graebn.; 305 (1898)

Distribution: Germany (Sachsen-Anhalt)

11 GER

Remarks: Dianthus armeria x superbus

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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 24.12 (December 6th, 2024)

Covering 355,693 accepted species,
8,716 hybrids, 47,863 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,001,068 synonyms,
in total 1,413,400* names

[about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus*" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life

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Search

+ Family

Filter

Order

Family (38)

Genus (104)

Display options

A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 24.12 (December 6th, 2024)

Covering 355,693 accepted species, 8,716 hybrids, 47,863 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,001,068 synonyms, in total 1,413,400* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life

Covering 355,693 accepted species,
8,716 hybrids, 47,863 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,001,068 synonyms,
in total 1,413,400* names

[about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus*" are deliberately omitted]