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Ver. 24.12
December 15th, 2024

478.0000 Family Boraginaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. 128 (1789), nom. cons., s. str.
118 genera, ca. 2000 spp.
Species listed in database: 2042; hybrids: 45
= Anchusaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 274, 302 (1818)
= Cerinthaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin 244 (1820)
= Cynoglossaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. 406 (1843)
= Echiaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 2: 61 (1837)
= Onosmaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 437 (1820)
478.3856 Genus Cynoglossum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 134 (1753) s. str.
Distribution: Temperate and subtropical Old World. Circumscription highly disputed (sensu lato or s. str.). Several species still listed here under Cynoglossum will need removal into other split genera.
Species listed in database: 68; hybrids: 3
= Anchusopsis Bisch.; Del. Sem. Hort. Heidelb. 8 (1852)
= Bilegnum Brand; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 549 (1915)
= Cerinthopsis Kotschy ex Paine; Palest. Expl. Soc., 3rd Statement, 114 (1875)
= Kuschakewiczia Regel & Smirn.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 5: 625 (1877)
= Trachelanthus Kunze; Bot. Zeit. 8: 65 (1850)
species :
Cynoglossum aequinoctiale T.C.E.Fr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 8: 416 (1923)
Distribution: ?South Sudan; Uganda; Kenya; Zambia
25 KEN UGA 26 ZAM
species :
Cynoglossum alpestre Ohwi; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 2: 150 (1933)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
species :
Cynoglossum alpinum (Brand) Riedl; Linzer Biol. Beitr. 17(2): 317 (1985)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Somalia
24 ETH SOM
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum alpinum (Brand) B.L.Burtt; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 43(3): 345 (1986), isonym
= Cynoglossum montanum var. alpinum Brand; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.252, Heft 78 (Borag.-Cynogloss.): 127 (1921)
species :
Cynoglossum alticola Hilliard & B.L.Burtt; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 43(3): 346 (1986)
Distribution: South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho
27 LES SAF
species :
Cynoglossum amabile Stapf & J.R.Drumm.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1906: 202 (1906)
Name: Chinese hound´s tongue (EN), Liebliche Hundszunge (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Tanzania [I]; South Africa [I] (KwaZulu-Natal [I]); China (S-Gansu, W-Guizhou, W-Sichuan, Yunnan); SE-Tibet; SW-Tibet; Taiwan [I]; Nepal; Bhutan; India [c]; Myanmar; Java [I]; New Zealand [I]; Fiji [I]; Hawaii [I] (Hawaii Isl. [I]); USA [I] (Arkansas [I], Massachusetts [I], New Hampshire [I], New York [I], Oklahoma [I], Wisconsin [I]); Mexico [I]; Guatemala [I]; El Salvador [I]; Honduras [I]; Costa Rica [I]; Panama [I]; Jamaica [I]; Dominican Republic [I]; Haiti [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Colombia [I]; Venezuela [I]; Ecuador [I]; Peru [I]; Bolivia [I]; Brazil [I]; Argentina [I]
11 ger 25 tan 27 saf 36 CHI TIB 38 tai 40 BHU ind NEP 41 MYA 42 jaw 51 nzl 60 fij 63 haw 74 usa 75 usa 78 usa 79 mex 80 cos els gua hon pan 81 his jam pue 82 clm ven 83 bol ecu per 84 bra 85 arg
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum amabile f. leucanthum X.D.Dong; Bull. Bot. Res. North-East. Forest. Univ. 17(2): 141 (1997)
= Cynoglossum amabile f. rubrum X.D.Dong; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 17: 141 (1997), as ´ruberum´
= Cynoglossum amabile var. parviflorum Turrill; Bot. Mag. 177: 82 (1949)
= Cynoglossum amabile var. pauciglochidiatum Y.L.Liu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19: 520 (1981)
species :
Cynoglossum amplifolium Hochst. ex A.DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 149 (1846)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique
23 ZAI 24 ETH 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 MLW MOZ ZIM
Remarks: needs to be removed from Cynoglossum, correct genus uncertain
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum bequaertii De Wild.; Rev. Zool.-Bot. Africaines 8(Suppl. Bot.): 18 (1920)
= Cynoglossum cordifolium Hochst. ex Brand; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.252, Heft 78 (Borag.-Cynogloss.): 141 (1921)
= Cynoglossum longepetiolatum De Wild.; Pl. Bequaert. 4: 15 (1926)
variant :
var. subalpinum (T.C.E.Fr.) Verdc.; Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Boraginac. 106 (1991)
Distribution: Cameroon; Ethiopia; Kenya; Tanzania
23 CMN 24 ETH 25 KEN TAN
Remarks: needs to be removed from Cynoglossum, correct genus uncertain
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum amplifolium f. macrocarpum Brand; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.252, Heft 78 (Borag.-Cynogloss.): 141 (1921)
= Cynoglossum lancifolium Hook.f.; J. Proc. Linn. Soc. 7: 207 (1864)
= Cynoglossum subalpinum T.C.E.Fr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 8: 415 (1923)
species :
Cynoglossum anatolicum Sutorý; Phytotaxa 633(3): 246 (2024)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Cynoglossum australe R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 495 (1810)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, South Australia, Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania); Norfolk Isl. [I]
50 AUS nfk
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum australe var. drummondii (Benth.) Brand; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.252, Heft 78 (Borag.-Cynogloss.): (1921)
= Cynoglossum drummondii Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 4: 409 (1868)
species :
Cynoglossum austroafricanum Weim. ex Hilliard & B.L.Burtt; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 43(3): 347 (1986), nom. nov.
Distribution: South Africa (North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, N-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; Eswatini [Swaziland]
27 LES SAF SWZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum hirsutissimum Lehm.; Pl. Asperif. Nucif. 145 (1818)
= Cynoglossum ramosissimum A.DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 152 (1846)
species :
Cynoglossum barbaricinum Arrigoni & Selvi; Webbia 66(1): 40 (2011)
Distribution: Sardinia
12 SAR
species :
Cynoglossum birkinshawii J.S.Mill.; Adansonia, Sér. 3, 27(1): 115 (2005)
Distribution: Madagascar (Antsiranana)
29 MDG
species :
Cynoglossum borbonicum (Lam.) Bory; Voy. 2: 382 (1804)
Distribution: +Mauritius; La Réunion
29 MAU REU
Conservation Status: IUCN R
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum borbonicum var. angustifolium Bory ex A.DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 151 (1846)
= Cynoglossum borbonicum var. latifolium Bory ex A.DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 151 (1846)
= Echinospermum borbonicum (Lam.) Lehm.; Asperif. 119 (1818)
= Echinospermum strigosum Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 538 (1840), nom. inval.
= Myosotis borbonica Lam.; Tabl. Encycl. 1: 396 (1791)
= Myosotis strigosa D.F.K.Schltdl.; Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Gesammten Naturk. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 8: 233 (1814)
= Rochelia strigosa (D.F.K.Schltdl.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 4: 782 (1819)
species :
Cynoglossum brandii Sutorý; Edinburgh J. Bot. 73(3): 271 (2016)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum montanum var. asiaticum Brand; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.252, Heft 78 (Borag.-Cynogloss.): 127 (1921)
species :
Cynoglossum castaneum Riedl; Blumea 38(2): 462 (1994)
Distribution: C-Java
42 JAW
species :
Cynoglossum celebicum Brand; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.252, Heft 78 (Borag.-Cynogloss.): 147 (1921)
Distribution: Sulawesi
42 SUL
species :
Cynoglossum cernuum Baker; J. Proc. Linn. Soc. 20: 211 (1883)
Distribution: C-Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum discolor Baker; J. Proc. Linn. Soc. 20: 212 (1883)
species :
Cynoglossum cheranganiense Verdc.; Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Boraginac. 115 (1991)
Distribution: Kenya
25 KEN
species :
Cynoglossum clandestinum Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 1: 159 (1798)
Distribution: Portugal; Spain; Sardinia; Sicily; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya
12 POR SAR SPA 13 SIC 20 ALG LBY MOR TUN
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum clandestinum var. fallax Samp.; Bol. Soc. Brot. 18: 66 (1902)
= Cynoglossum fulvum Rudolph; J. Bot. [Schrader] 1799(2): 280 (1800)
= Cynoglossum officinale Brot.; Fl. Lusit. 1: 295 (1804) non L. 1753
= Cynoglossum tomentosum Lehm.; Pl. Asperif. Nucif. 144 (1818)
species :
Cynoglossum columnae Ten.; Fl. Napol. 1(Prodr.): XIV (1811)
Name: Colonna-Ochsenzunge (DE); Colonna Hound´s-tongue (EN)
Distribution: Italy; Sicily; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; ?Montenegro; North Macedonia; Albania; Greece (widespread in mainland, most islands); Crete; East Aegaean Isl. (Chios, Samos, Dodecanese, Simi, Chalki, Karpathos, Rhodos); Turkey (SW-Anatolia)
13 ALB BIH CRO GRC ITA KRI NMA SIC 34 EAI TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum columnae var. dolopicum Hausskn.; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Vereins N. F. 8: 54 (1895)
= Mattia columnae (Ten.) G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 310 (1837)
= Rindera columnae (Ten.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 4: 762 (1819)
species :
Cynoglossum creticum Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8, no. 3 (1768)
Name: Kretische Hundszunge (DE); Lenguaperro (ES), Cretan Hound´s-tongue (EN)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Portugal; Spain; Baleares; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Malta; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; ?Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread, incl. most islands); Crete; European Russia; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Azores (Santa Maria Isl., Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Graciosa, Pico, Flores Isl.); Madeira (Madeira Isl., Porto Santo Isl.); Canary Isl. (Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, La Palma Isl.); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Armenia; East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos, Kastellorhizo Isl.); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, S-Iran, W-Iran); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, NW-Syria, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Mexico [I] (Coahuila [I], Durango [I], Nuevo Leon [I], San Luis Potosi [I], Zacatecas [I]); Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Atacama [I], Coquimbo [I], Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], O´Higgins [I], Maule [I], Ñuble [I], Biobío [I], Araucanía [I], Los Rios [I], Los Lagos [I]); Juan Fdz. Isl. [I]
11 ger 12 BAL COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MLT MNT NMA SIC SLV SMA TUE 14 KRY RUS 20 ALG MOR TUN 21 AZO CNY MDR 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM NCS 34 CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR 79 mex 85 arg cle jnf
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum amplexicaule Lam.; Tabl. Encycl. 1: 399 (1792)
= Cynoglossum atlanticum Murb.; Bot. Not. 80: 275 (1922)
= Cynoglossum creticum subvar. pseudocheirifolium Brand; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.252, Heft 78 (Borag.-Cynogloss.): 130 (1921)
= Cynoglossum creticum f. micranthum Faure & Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 29: 437 (1938)
= Cynoglossum creticum f. pallidum Maire; Jahand. et al., Cat. Pl. Maroc 593 (1934)
= Cynoglossum creticum var. atlanticum (Murb.) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 3: 593 (1934)
= Cynoglossum creticum var. doumerguei Sennen & Mauricio; Diagn. Nouv. 238 (1936)
= Cynoglossum creticum var. pictum (Aiton) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 3: 593 (1934)
= Cynoglossum creticum var. siculum (Guss.) Brand; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.252, Heft 78 (Borag.-Cynogloss.): 131 (1921)
= Cynoglossum erectum L.C.Higgins; Phytologia 33: 411 (1976), nom. illeg.
= Cynoglossum henricksonii L.C.Higgins; Phytologia 34(3): 234 (1976), nom. nov. for C. erectum L. C. Higgins
= Cynoglossum molle Phil.; Linnaea 29: 18 (1857)
= Cynoglossum pallidiflorum Grecescu; Consp. Fl. Român. 413 (1898)
= Cynoglossum pictum Aiton; Hort. Kew. 1: 179 (1789)
= Cynoglossum pictum var. siculum (Guss.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 521 (1881)
= Cynoglossum pictum var. umbrosum Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 35: 122 (1888)
= Cynoglossum siculum Guss.; Suppl. Fl. Sicul. Prodr. 52 (1832)
species :
Cynoglossum dalianum Sutorý; Phytotaxa 427(1): 69 (2019)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Cynoglossum densefoliatum Chiov.; Ann. Bot. (Rome) 9: 82 (1911)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
Remarks: probably in Paracynoglossum
species :
Cynoglossum dioscoridis Vill.; Prosp. Hist. Pl. Dauphiné 21 (1779)
Distribution: N-, C- & E-Spain; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Morocco; Algeria
12 COR FRA SAR SPA 13 ITA 20 ALG MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum dioscoridis subvar. xatarti J.Gay ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 521 (1881), nom. nud.
= Cynoglossum elongatum Hornem.; Hort. Bot. Hafn. 2: 956 (1815)
= Cynoglossum loreyi Jord. ex Lange; Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1863: 28 (1863)
= Cynoglossum moenchii Nocca & Roem. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 464 (1840), pro syn.
= Cynoglossum pictum var. loreyi (Jord. ex Lange) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 521 (1881)
= Cynoglossum remotum Moench; Methodus [Moench] 419 (1794)
= Cynoglossum valentinum Lag.; Gen. et Sp. Nov. 10 (1816)
= Cynoglossum xatarti J.Gay ex Nyman; Consp. 521 (1881)
species :
Cynoglossum divaricatum Stephan ex Lehm.; Pl. Asperif. Nucif. 161 (1818)
Distribution: Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita); Russian Far East [I] (Primorye [I]); China (Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Xinjiang); Mongolia
30 SIB 31 rfe 36 CHI 37 MON
species :
Cynoglossum flexuosum (Brand) Kazmi; J. Arnold Arbor. 52(2): 352 (1971)
Distribution: Tajikistan; Pakistan (Gilgit); India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir)
32 TZK 40 IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Adelocaryum flexuosum Brand; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 149 (1915)
= Anoplocaryum brandisii Brand; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 100 (1925)
= Cynoglossum flexuosum (Brand) Riedl; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 119(1 -3): 71 (1971)
= Microula brandisii (Brand) Ovczinnikova; Rast. Mir Aziatsk. Rossii 2(12): 80 (2013)
species :
Cynoglossum foliosum (Paine) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 11(1): 34 (1981)
Distribution: +Palestine
34 PAL
Synonyms: hidden
= Cerinthopsis foliosa Paine; Palestine Explor. Soc. Statem. 3: 114 (1875)
= Trachelanthus foliosus (Paine) Tristram; Surv. W. Palestine 367 (1884)
species :
Cynoglossum gansuense Y.L.Liu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19: 519 (1981)
Distribution: China (C-Gansu, SE-Gansu, E-Qinghai, S-Ningxia, N-Sichuan)
36 CHI
species :
Cynoglossum germanicum Jacq.; Observ. Bot. 2: 31 (1767)
subspecies :
subsp. germanicum
Name: Deutsche Hundszunge (DE)
Distribution: Belgium; Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Slovakia; France; Slovenia; Croatia; ?Bosnia & Hercegovina; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Romania; ?Bulgaria; C-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Northern Caucasus; Azerbaijan; Turkey (NE-Anatolia)
11 AUT BGM GER POL SLO SWI 12 FRA 13 CRO KOS NMA ROM SLV SRB 14 KRY RUS UKR 33 AZE NCS 34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum germanicum subsp. rotundum Sutorý; Cas. Morav. Muz., Vedy Prír., 73(1-2): 150 (1988)
= Cynoglossum haenkei Schult.; Oestr. Fl., ed. 2, 1: 361 (1814)
= Cynoglossum montanum Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 2: 277 (1779) (non L., Amoen. Acad. 3: 402 (1756))
= Cynoglossum officinale var. montanum Moris; Fl. Sardoa 3: 112 (1858), nom. superfl.
= Cynoglossum officinale var. sylvaticum (Haenke) Willd.; Sp. Pl. ed. 4 [Willdenow] 1: 760 (1798)
= Cynoglossum officinale var. umbrosum Caruel; Parl., Fl. Ital. 6: 849 (1886), nom. superfl.
= Cynoglossum officinale var. virens Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 10: 339 (1908), nom. superfl.
= Cynoglossum rotundum (Sutorý) Landolt; Fl. Indicativa 268 (2010)
= Cynoglossum scabrum Opiz; Bercht. & Opiz, Oekon.-Techn. Fl. Böhm. 2(2): 160 (1839)
= Cynoglossum sylvaticum Haenke; Jacq., Collectanea [Jacquin] 2: 77 (1789)
subspecies :
subsp. pellucidum (Lapeyr.) Sutorý; Cas. Morav. Muz., Vedy Prír., 73(1-2): 150 (1988)
Distribution: England; NC-Spain; W-France
10 GRB 12 FRA SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum pellucidum Lapeyr.; Hist. Pl. Pyrénées, Suppl. 28 (1818)
species :
Cynoglossum glabellum Riedl; Blumea 38(2): 462 (1994)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
species :
Cynoglossum hanangense Verdc.; Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Boraginac. 113 (1991)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
species :
Cynoglossum hellwigii Brand; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 546 (1915)
Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
species :
Cynoglossum hispidum Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 34 (1794)
Distribution: Zimbabwe; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; Eswatini [Swaziland]
26 ZIM 27 LES SAF SWZ
Remarks: needs removal from Cynoglossum in another genus
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum enerve (E.Mey. ex Drège) Turcz. ex B.D.Jacks.; Index Kew. 1: 687 (1893)
= Echinospermum enerve E.Mey. ex A.DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 154 (1846)
= Echinospermum enerve E.Mey. ex Drège; Flora (Regensburg) 23(2, Beil.): 180 (1843)
species :
Cynoglossum holosericeum Steven; Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 3: 255 (1812)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Azerbaijan; NE-Turkey
33 AZE NCS 34 TUR
species :
Cynoglossum inyangense E.S.Martins; Garcia de Orta, Ser. Bot. 9(1-2): 76 (1987 publ. 1988)
Distribution: Zimbabwe
26 ZIM
species :
Cynoglossum javanicum (Lehm.) A.DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 588 (1846)
Distribution: Sumatra; Sulawesi; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, Lombok); New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)
42 JAW LSI NWG SUL SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinospermum javanicum Lehm.; Pl. Asperif. Nucif. 118 (1818)
= Myosotis javanica Thunb. ex Lehm.; Neue Schriften Naturf. Ges. Halle 3(2): 21 (1817), nom. nud.
= Rochelia javanica (Sw. ex Lehm.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 4: 108, 780 (1819)
species :
Cynoglossum karamojense Verdc.; Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Boraginac. 115 (1991)
Distribution: Uganda; Kenya
25 KEN UGA
species :
Cynoglossum krasniqii Wraber; Candollea 41(1): 145 (1986), ex Greuter & Stier, Biodivers. Data J. 3 (e4831): 18 (2015)
Distribution: Kosovo (Pashtrik Mt.)
13 KOS
species :
Cynoglossum longeglochidiatum Sutorý; Phytotaxa 633(3): 249 (2024)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Cynoglossum lowryanum J.S.Mill.; Adansonia, Sér. 3, 27(1): 122 (2005)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Cynoglossum macrocalycinum Riedl; Novon 4(1): 46 (1994)
Distribution: China (N-Xinjiang)
36 CHI
species :
Cynoglossum macrolimbe Riedl; Linzer Biol. Beitr. 22(1): 310 (1990)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
species :
Cynoglossum maghrebicum Sutorý; Edinburgh J. Bot. 73(3): 272 (2016), nom. nov.
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum dioscoridis var. maroccanum (Brand) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 22: 56 (1931)
= Cynoglossum maroccanum Sennen & Mauricio; Cat. Fl. Rif Orient. 82 (1933), nom. inval.
= Cynoglossum montanum var. maroccanum Brand; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.252, Heft 78 (Borag.-Cynogloss.): 128 (1921)
species :
Cynoglossum mediterraneum Sutorý; Acta Mus. Morav. Sci. Biol. 107(1-2): 38 (2022)
Distribution: France; Italy
12 FRA 13 ITA
species :
Cynoglossum meeboldii Brand; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 323 (1916)
Distribution: India (Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand); Sri Lanka
40 IND SRL
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum denticulatum var. zeylanicum C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 4: 157 (1883)
species :
Cynoglossum melananthum Pau; Carta Bot. 3: 6 (1906)
Distribution: S- & SE-Spain
12 SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum baeticum Sutorý; Willdenowia 36(1): 137 (2006)
species :
Cynoglossum microglochin Benth.; Royle, Illustr. Bot. Himal. 305 (1835)
Name: Smallbristle hound´s tongue
Distribution: Afghanistan (Kunar / Nuristan); Pakistan; Nepal; N-India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand); USA [I] (Massachusetts [I])
34 AFG 40 IND NEP PAK 75 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Anchusa petiolata Hook.; Bot. Mag. 67: t. 3858 (1841)
= Cynoglossum grandiflorum Royle ex Benth.; Royle, Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. [Royle] 305 (1836)
= Cynoglossum microglochin var. marganum Brand; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.252, Heft 78 (Borag.-Cynogloss.): 134 (1921)
= Cynoglossum microglochin var. nervosum (Benth. ex C.B.Clarke) Y.J.Nasir; Fl. Pakistan 191: 163 (1989)
= Cynoglossum nervosum Benth. ex C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 4: 158 (1883)
= Cynoglossum nervosum var. petiolatum (Hook.) Kazmi; J. Arnold Arbor. 52(2): 350 (1971)
= Cynoglossum petiolatum (Hook.) A.DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 149 (1846)
= Cynoglossum petiolatum var. nervosum (Benth. ex C.B.Clarke) Bennet; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 4: 592 (1983)
= Cynoglossum rupestre Brand; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.252, Heft 78 (Borag.-Cynogloss.): 134 (1921), nom. inval.
= Echinospermum forskohlii Lehm. ex Brand; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.252, Heft 97 (Borag.-Cryptanth.): 152 (1931)
= Omphalodes nervosa Edgew. ex C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 4: 158 (1883)
species :
Cynoglossum monophlebium Baker; J. Proc. Linn. Soc. 20: 211 (1883)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Cynoglossum montanum L.; Demonstr. Pl. 5 (1753)
Distribution: Austria; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Greece (N- & C-Greece); Ukraine; Armenia; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan); Cyprus (C-Mountains); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria (NW-Syria, W-Syrian Mountains)
11 AUT CZE HUN SLO 12 SAR 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SIC SRB 14 UKR 33 ARM 34 CYP IRN LEB SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum germanicum var. hungaricum (Simonk.) Brand; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.252, Heft 78 (Borag.-Cynogloss.): 125 (1921)
= Cynoglossum hungaricum Simonk.; Természetrajzi Füz. 10: 2: 151 (1878)
= Cynoglossum montanum subsp. extraeuropaeum Brand; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.252, Heft 78 (Borag.-Cynogloss.): 126 (1921)
= Cynoglossum montanum subsp. linnaeanum Brand; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.252, Heft 78 (Borag.-Cynogloss.): 127 (1921)
= Cynoglossum montanum var. latifolium Brand; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.252, Heft 78 (Borag.-Cynogloss.): 128 (1921)
= Cynoglossum montanum var. parviflorum Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30(2): 51 (1928)
= Cynoglossum montanum var. parvifolium (K.Koch) Brand; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.252, Heft 78 (Borag.-Cynogloss.): 128 (1921)
= Cynoglossum nebrodense subsp. tenorei Guss. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 521 (1881)
= Cynoglossum officinale subsp. rotatum (Velen.) Peev; Fl. Narodna Republ. Bulg. 9: 216 (1989)
= Cynoglossum officinale var. villosum Ten.; Syll. Pl. Fl. Neapol. 83 (1831)
= Cynoglossum parvifolium K.Koch; Linnaea 22: 645 (1849)
= Cynoglossum rotatum Velen.; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. Prag, Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. 1893(37): 48 (1894)
= Cynoglossum teheranicum Riedl; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 110: 512, t. 1 (1963)
= Cynoglossum virens L.; Amoen. Acad. 4: 494 (1759)
= Cynoglossum virens Schreb.; Spic. Fl. Lips. 152 (1771), nom. illeg.
= Cynoglossum virginicum J.F.Gmel.; Syst. Nat., ed. 13[bis] 319 (1791), nom. illeg.
species :
Cynoglossum natolicum (Bornm.) Sutorý; Edinburgh J. Bot. 73(3): 268 (2016)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum montanum subvar. natolicum (Bornm.) Brand; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.252, Heft 78 (Borag.-Cynogloss.): 127 (1921)
= Cynoglossum nebrodense var. natolicum Bornm.; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Vereins 20: 40 (1905)
species :
Cynoglossum nebrodense Guss.; Fl. Sicul. Prodr. 1: 216 (1827)
subspecies :
subsp. nebrodense
Distribution: Sicily
13 SIC
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum columnae var. nebrodense (Guss.) Strobl; Flora (Regensburg) 67: 622 (1884)
= Cynoglossum dioscoridis var. nebrodense (Guss.) Ball; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 569 (1878)
= Cynoglossum gussonei Strobl; Flora (Regensburg) 67: 622 (1884)
= Cynoglossum officinale var. humile Ten.; Succ. Relaz. Viaggio Abruzzo 50 (1830)
= Cynoglossum tenorei Guss. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 521 (1881), nom. inval.
subspecies :
subsp. lucanum Selvi & Sutorý; Pl. Biosystems 146(2): 471 (2012)
Distribution: Italy
13 ITA
species :
Cynoglossum novoguineense Riedl; Linzer Biol. Beitr. 22(1): 307 (1990)
Distribution: New Guinea
42 NWG
species :
Cynoglossum obtusicalyx Retief & A.E.van Wyk; S. Afr. 7 Bot. 62(3): 169 (1996)
Distribution: South Africa (N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
species :
Cynoglossum officinale L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 134 (1753)
Name: Echte Hundszunge, Gewöhnliche Hundszunge (DE), Gypsyflower (EN)
Distribution: England; Ireland; Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Spain; Andorra; France; Channel Isl.; Corsica; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; NW-Greece; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Siberia (Altai, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, W-Siberia); Russian Far East [I] (Primorye [I]); Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SSW-Anatolia); Iran (N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan); Thailand [I]; Canada [I] (Alberta [I], British Columbia [I], Manitoba [I], New Brunswick [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Québec [I], Saskatchewan [I]); USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arkansas [I], Arizona [I], California [I], Colorado [I], Connecticut [I], District of Columbia [I], Delaware [I], Georgia [I], Iowa [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Kansas [I], Kentucky [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], Maine [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Missouri [I], Montana [I], North Carolina [I], North Dakota [I], Nebraska [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New Mexico [I], Nevada [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], South Carolina [I], South Dakota [I], Tennessee [I], Utah [I], Virginia [I], Vermont [I], Washington State [I], Wisconsin [I], West Virginia [I], Wyoming [I]); Costa Rica [I]; Panama [I]
10 DEN FIN GRB IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO CIS COR FRA SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SRB TUE 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT RUS UKR 30 SIB 31 rfe 32 KAZ KGZ 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR 41 tha 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 80 cos pan
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum album Gueldenst.; Reis. Russland 1: 79 (1787), nom. nud.
= Cynoglossum angustifolium E.A.Duchesne; Répert. Pl. Utiles Globe 99 (1836), nom. superfl.
= Cynoglossum bicolor Willd.; Enum. Pl. [Willdenow] 180 (1809)
= Cynoglossum bracteolatum Opiz; Bercht. & Opiz, Oekon.-Techn. Fl. Böhm. 2(2): 158 (1839)
= Cynoglossum castellanum Pau; Not. Bot. Fl. Españ. 6: 80 (1895)
= Cynoglossum foetens Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 22 (1782), opus utique oppr.
= Cynoglossum hybridum Thuill.; Fl. Env. Paris, ed. 2: 94 (1799)
= Cynoglossum nebrodense var. areolatum Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 265 (1875)
= Cynoglossum officinale subvar. bicolor (Willd.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 10: 339 (1908)
= Cynoglossum officinale dentatum Lapeyr.; Hist. Pl. Pyrénées 87 (1813)
= Cynoglossum officinale f. bicolor (Willd.) Asch. & Graebn.; Fl. Nordostdeut. Flachl. 573 (1899)
= Cynoglossum officinale f. canescens Domin; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. Prag, Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. 58: 34 (1902 publ. 1903), nom. illeg.
= Cynoglossum officinale f. concolor (Ducommun) Gams; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 5: 2151 (1927)
= Cynoglossum officinale f. hybridum (Thuill.) Brand; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.252, Heft 78 (Borag.-Cynogloss.): 118 (1921)
= Cynoglossum officinale f. paucisetum (Borbás) Jáv.; Magyar Fl. 842 (1925)
= Cynoglossum officinale f. viride Domin; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. Prag, Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. 58: 34 (1902 publ. 1903)
= Cynoglossum officinale var. albiflorum Opiz; Bercht. & Opiz, Oekon.-Techn. Fl. Böhm. 2(2): 157 (1839)
= Cynoglossum officinale var. album Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 349 (1821 publ. 1822)
= Cynoglossum officinale var. angustifolium Cariot; Étude Fl., éd. 5(2): 443 (1872)
= Cynoglossum officinale var. areolatum (Boiss.) Kusn.; Fl. Caucas. Crit. 4(2): 129 (1913)
= Cynoglossum officinale var. bicolor (Willd.) Bluff & Fingerh.; 240 (1825)
= Cynoglossum officinale var. bicolor (Willd.) Lehm.; Pl. Asperif. Nucif. 153 (1818)
= Cynoglossum officinale var. canescens Ten.; Syll. Pl. Fl. Neapol. 82 (1831)
= Cynoglossum officinale var. collinum Vis.; Fl. Dalmat. 2: 240 (1847)
= Cynoglossum officinale var. concolor Ducommun; 545 (1869)
= Cynoglossum officinale var. corsicum E.Rev. ex Brand; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.252, Heft 78 (Borag.-Cynogloss.): 118 (1921)
= Cynoglossum officinale var. densum Hampe; 15 (1836), nom. inval.
= Cynoglossum officinale var. eglochidiatum Domin; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. Prag, Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. 58: 34 (1902 publ. 1903)
= Cynoglossum officinale var. glochidiatum Domin; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. Prag, Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. 58: 34 (1902 publ. 1903)
= Cynoglossum officinale var. hybridum (Thuill.) Mérat; Nouv. Fl. Env. Paris 73 (1812)
= Cynoglossum officinale var. maximum Walther; 216 (1802)
= Cynoglossum officinale var. purpureum Opiz; Bercht. & Opiz, Oekon.-Techn. Fl. Böhm. 2(2): 156 (1839), nom. superfl.
= Cynoglossum officinale var. scabrifolia Willk.; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 509 (1870)
= Cynoglossum officinale var. sempervirens Roth; Tent. Fl. Germ. 2: 218 (1789)
= Cynoglossum officinale var. subglabrum Mérat; Nouv. Fl. Env. Paris 73 (1812)
= Cynoglossum officinale var. subglabrum Syme; 118 (1867)
= Cynoglossum officinale var. viridans Formánek; 47 (1886)
= Cynoglossum paucisetum Borbás; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 38: 44 (1888)
= Cynoglossum punctatum Borbás ex T.Durand & B.D.Jacks.; Index Kew., Suppl. 1: 121 (1902), orth. var.
= Cynoglossum ruderale Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 116 (1796), nom. illeg.
= Cynoglossum suavifolium Pau; Carta Bot. 3: 6 (1906)
= Cynoglossum vulgare Gueldenst. ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 3: 165 (1847)
species :
Cynoglossum papuanum Schltr. ex O.Brand; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 62: 489 (1929)
Distribution: New Guinea
42 NWG
Remarks: doubtful species
species :
Cynoglossum pustulatum Boiss.; Elench. 66 (1838)
subspecies :
subsp. pustulatum
Distribution: N-, C- & S-Spain; ?Sicily
12 SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum castrilense Pau; Cart. Bot. 3: 6 (1906)
= Cynoglossum dioscoridis var. castrilense (Pau) Brand; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.252, Heft 78 (Borag.-Cynogloss.): 119 (1921)
= Cynoglossum nebrodense subsp. pustulatum (Boiss.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Fl. Països Catalans 3: 207 (1995)
= Cynoglossum nebrodense var. pustulatum (Boiss.) Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 434 (1845)
= Cynoglossum pustulatum subsp. soilae P.Monts. & Alejandre; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse 141(2): 32 (2006)
= Cynoglossum valentinum f. castrilense (Pau) Degen & Hervier; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 17: 61 (1907)
subspecies :
subsp. parvifolium (Vis.) Sutorý; Cas. Morav. Muz., Vedy Prir., 74 (1-2): 170 (1989)
Distribution: Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; Albania; Greece (mountains of N-, C-, NE-Greece, Peloponnisos)
13 ALB BIH CRO GRC KOS MNT SRB
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum officinale var. parvifolium Vis.; Fl. Dalmat. 2: 240 (1847)
= Cynoglossum parvifolium (Vis.) Degen; Fl. Veleb. 2: 566 (1937), cum descr. ampl.
= Cynoglossum velebiticum Borbás ex K.Malý; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 54: 239 (1904)
species :
Cynoglossum semnanicum Khat.; Iran. J. Bot. 8(1): 2 (1999)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Cynoglossum seravschanicum (B.Fedtsch.) Popov; Korovin, Kult. & Popov, Descr. Pl. Nov. Turkmenistan. (Bodenk. u. Pflanzengeogr. Beob. u. Unters. 1: Flussgeb. d. Amu Darya u. Syr Darya, II.), 64 (1916)
Distribution: Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Tajikistan
32 TKM TZK UZB
Synonyms: hidden
= Trachelanthus seravschanicus B.Fedtsch.; Consp. Fl. Turkestanicae [O.A. Fedchenko & B.A. Fedchenko] 5: 65 (1913)
species :
Cynoglossum spelaeum Hilliard & B.L.Burtt; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37(2): 287 (1979)
Distribution: South Africa (Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho
27 LES SAF
Remarks: needs transfer probably in Paracynoglossum
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum basuticum Weim. ex Jacot Guill.
species :
Cynoglossum sphacioticum Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 11: 125 (1849)
Name: Sfakia Hound´s-tongue (EN)
Distribution: Crete (Lefka Ori)
13 KRI
Remarks: lithospermifolium agg.
Conservation Status: IUCN R
species :
Cynoglossum stewartii Kazmi; J. Arnold Arbor. 52(2): 350 (1971)
Distribution: Pakistan; NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir)
40 IND PAK
species :
Cynoglossum timorense Riedl; Blumea 38(2): 463 (1994)
Distribution: Lesser Sunda Isl. (Lombok, Flores, Timor)
42 LSI
species :
Cynoglossum torvum Dimon & M.A.M.Renner; Austral. Syst. Bot. 30(2): 118 (2017)
Distribution: Australia (New South Wales)
50 AUS
species :
Cynoglossum trollii Melch.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 14: 354 (1939)
Distribution: NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir)
40 IND
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
species :
Cynoglossum tsaratananense J.S.Mill.; Adansonia, Sér. 3, 27(1): 126 (2005)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Cynoglossum ukaguruense Verdc.; Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Boraginac. 113 (1991)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
species :
Cynoglossum vanense Sutorý; Edinburgh J. Bot. 61(2-3): 119 (2005)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Cynoglossum viridiflorum Pall. ex Lehm.; Pl. Asperif. Nucif. 1: 160 (1818)
Distribution: Siberia (Altai); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; China (N-Xinjiang)
30 SIB 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 36 CHI
species :
Cynoglossum wildii E.S.Martins; Garcia de Orta, Ser. Bot. 9(1-2): 76 (1987 publ. 1988)
Distribution: Zimbabwe
26 ZIM
species :
Cynoglossum ×austriacum Rech.; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 38: 151 (1925)
Distribution: Europe
Remarks: Cynoglossum hungaricum x C. officinale
species :
Cynoglossum ×legionense Rothm.; Cavanillesia 7: 120 (1935)
Distribution: Europe
Remarks: Cynoglossum creticum x C. officinale
species :
Cynoglossum ×modorense Rech.; Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 20: 22 (1914)
Distribution: Europe
Remarks: Cynoglossum germanicum x C. officinale
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 24.12 (December 15th, 2024)

Covering 355,703 accepted species,
8,716 hybrids, 47,863 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,001,068 synonyms,
in total 1,413,410* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

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With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

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