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Ver. 25.02
Feb. 25th, 2025

089.0000 Family Lauraceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 80 (1789), nom. cons.
55 genera, ca. 3300 spp. Systematics taken from Song et al. (2019)
Species listed in database: 3387
= Cassythaceae Bartl. ex Lindl.; Nix. Pl. 15 (1833), nom. cons.
= Perseaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat. 61 (1834)
089.0301 Genus Cassytha L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 35 (1753)
Distribution: mostly Australia, some South Africa, Malesia, New Zealand, 1 pantropics
Species listed in database: 23
= Calodium Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 247 (1790)
= Ozarthris Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 92 (1836)
= Rombut Rumph. ex Adans.; Fam. Pl. [Adanson] 2: 284 (1763)
= Rumputris Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 92 (1836)
= Spironema Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 92 (1836)
= Volutella Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 84 (1775)
species :
Cassytha aurea J.Z.Weber; J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 3(3): 239 (1981)
Distribution: Australia (coastal Western Australia: North West Cape S to Geraldton)
50 AUS
variant :
var. hirta J.Z.Weber; J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 3(3): 243 (1981)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia: Geraldton S to Perth and SE to Dundas Nature Reserve)
50 AUS
species :
Cassytha candida (J.Z.Weber) J.Z.Weber; Fl. Australia 2: 457 (2007)
Distribution: Australia (near Oobagooma HS, and in the Drysdale River Natl Park, Western Australia, and from near Oenpelli S to Katherine, Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Cassytha aurea var. candida J.Z.Weber; J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 3(3): 241 (1981)
species :
Cassytha capillaris Meisn.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(1): 252 (1864)
Distribution: Sri Lanka; ?Vietnam; Borneo; Lesser Sunda Isl.; Moluccas; New Guinea (Papua New Guinea); Australia (Carnarvon, Western Australia, to Cape Yorke Penin., Queensland, and S to the arid regions of Northern Territory and the Barkly Tableland, Queensland)
40 SRL 42 BOR LSI MOL NWG 50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Cassytha tenuis C.K.Allen; J. Arnold Arbor. 23: 155 (1942)
= Cassytha strigosa W.Fitzg.; J. Roy. Soc. Western Australia 3: 143 (1918)
species :
Cassytha ciliolata Nees; Syst. Laur. [Nees] 646 (1836)
Distribution: South Africa (N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Cassytha capensis Meisn.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(1): 254 (1864)
= Cassytha triflora E.Mey.; Zwei Pflanzengeogr. Docum. [Drège] 171 (1843)
= Ozarthris capense Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 92 (1838)
species :
Cassytha filiformis L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 35-36 (1753)
Name: Devil´s gut
Distribution: Senegal; Gambia; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Equatorial Guinea; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; S-Chad; Somalia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Eswatini [Swaziland]; Madagascar; Comores (Mayotte, etc.); Mozambique Channel Isl. [Îles Éparses] (Juan de Nova Isl.); Mauritius (incl. Cargados Carajos Isl.); La Réunion; Rodrigues; Îles Glorieuses; Aldabra (Aldabra Isl., Asuncio Isl., Cosmoledo Isl., Astove Isl., Providence Isl., Farquhar Isl.); Agalega Isl.; Seychelles (African Banks Isl., Remire Isl., Desroches Isl., Coetivy Isl., Darros Isl.); Chagos Arch. (Diego Garcia); Saudi Arabia (Asir); Yemen (Tihama, W-Yemen); China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Japan (Yakushima Isl.); Ryukyu Isl.; Bonin Isl. (Keetaajima, Nakohdojima, Chichijima, Minamijima, Anijima, Hahajima, Mukohjima, Anejima); Volcano Isl. (Iwojima); Taiwan; India; Lakshadweep Isl. [Laccadives]; Maldives; Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Andaman Isl. (North Andamans, Middle Andamans, South Andamans, Little Andaman Isl.); Nicobar Isl. (Car Nicobar Isl., North Nicobars, Central Nicobars, Great Nicobar Isl., Little Nicobar Isl.); Myanmar (Taninthayi); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia; Singapore; South China Sea Isl.; Borneo; Sulawesi; Philippines (throughout); Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, etc.); Moluccas; Cocos [Keeling] Isl.; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea, Mapia Atoll); Australia (N-Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland, NE-New South Wales); Ashmore & Cartier Isl. (Ashmore Reef); New Caledonia (incl. Loyalty Isl., Île des Pins, Ouvea); Santa Cruz Isl.; Vanuatu; Rotuma Isl.; Tonga (Tongatapu, ´Eua, Lifuka, Vava´u, Niuatoputapu); Niue; Fiji (widespread); Wallis & Futuna (Alofi Isl., Futuna Isl., ´Uvea Isl. and islets [Wallis]); American Samoa (Tutuila, Ofu, Ta´u, Swains Atoll); [Western] Samoa (Savai´i, ´Upolu); Tuvalu (Nanumea, Nanumaga, Niutao, Nui Atoll, Vaitupu, Nukufetau, Funafuti, Nukulaelae, Niulakita); Tokelau (Nukunonu, Fakaofo, Swains Isl.); Phoenix Isl. (Kanton, Enderbury); Gilbert Isl. (Butaritari, Tarawa, Nonouti, Tabiteuea, Onotoa); Banaba [Ocean] Isl.; Nauru; N-Line Isl. (Teraina, Tabueran, Kiritimati); Cook Isl. (widespread, incl. Rarotonga); Society Isl. (Mopelia Atoll, Tahiti, Moorea, Huahine, Raiatea, Tetiaroa Atoll, Tahaa, Bora Bora, Tupai); Gambier Isl. (Mangareva); Tuamotu Arch. (Makatea Isl., Rangiroa Atoll, Takapoto Atoll, etc., widespread); Austral Isl. (Rurutu, Raivavae, Tubuai); Oeno Atoll; Henderson Isl.; Palau (Kayangel, Babeldaob, Koror, Ngarakabesang, Sonsorol); Northern Marianas (Asuncion, Pagan, Alamagan, Guguan, Saipan, Tinian, Rota); Guam; Fed. States of Micronesia (Yap, Ulithi, Fais, Woleai, Faraulep, Ifalik, Lamotrek, Satawal, Puluwat, Namonuito, Murilo, Nomwin, Truk, Dublon, Fefan, Piis, Namoluk, Etal, Lukunor, Satawan, Nukuoro, Kapingamarangi, Ant, Pohnpei, Mokil, Pingelap, Kosrae); Marshall Isl. (Enewetok, Bikini, Ailinginae, Rongelap, Rongerik, Taka, Utirik, Ujelang, Ujae, Wotho, Lae, Kwajalein, Ailuk, Jemo, Likiep, Aur, Ailinglapalap, Majuro, Arno, Jaluit); Hawaii (Kure Isl., Niihau, Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Lanai, Maui, Hawaii Isl.); USA (Florida, Texas); Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Quintana Roo, Veracruz, Yucatan); Belize; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Bahamas; Turks & Caicos Isl.; Cuba; Cayman Isl.; Jamaica; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda); Anguilla; St. Barthélémy; Antigua; Barbuda; Guadeloupe; Marie-Galante; Martinique; St. Lucia; Grenadines; St. Vincent; Grenada; Barbados; Tobago; Trinidad; Curacao; Colombia (Antioquia, Caquetá, Guainía, Guaviare, Vaupés, Vichada); Venezuela (Amazonas, Anzoategui, Apure, Bolívar, Delta Amacuro, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Falcon, Guarico, Monagas, Sucre); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Bolivia (Santa Cruz); N-Brazil (Roraima, Pará, Amazonas, Tocantins, Rondônia); NE-Brazil (Maranhao, Piauí, Ceara, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Bahia, Alagoas, Sergipe); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goiás, Brasilia Distrito Federal, Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Paraná)
22 BEN BKN GAM GHA GNB GUI IVO LBR MLI NGA SEN SIE TOG 23 BIO BUR CAF CMN CON EQG GAB RWA ZAI 24 CHA SOM 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT NAM SAF SWZ 29 AGA ALD CGS COM MAU MDG REU ROD SEY 35 SAU YEM 36 CHI 38 JAP KZN NNS OGA TAI 40 BAN IND LDV MDV SRL 41 AND CBD LAO MYA NCB THA VIE 42 BOR CKI JAW LSI MLY MOL NWG PHI SCS SNG SUL 50 ASH AUS 60 ASA FIJ GIL NRU NUE NWC OCE PHX ROT SAM SCZ TOK TON TUV VAN WAL 61 AUI COO GBI HEN LIN PIT SCI TUA 62 GUM MIC MRN MRS PLU 63 HAW 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 80 BLZ COS ELS HON NIC PAN 81 ABA AGU BAH BBD CAY CUB CUR GDL GRE HIS JAM MAR PUE SBA STL STV TCI TRT VIR 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Calodium cochinchinensis Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 247 (1790)
= Cassytha americana Nees; Syst. Laur. [Nees] 644 (1836)
= Cassytha americana var. brachystachya Meisn.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(1): 256 (1864)
= Cassytha americana var. brasiliensis (Mart. ex Nees) Meisn.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(1): 256 (1864)
= Cassytha americana var. puberula Meisn.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(1): 256 (1864)
= Cassytha aphylla (Forssk.) Raeusch.; Nomencl. Bot. [Raeuschel], ed. 3: 116 (1797)
= Cassytha archboldiana C.K.Allen; J. Arnold Arbor. 23: 155 (1942)
= Cassytha brasiliensis Mart. ex Nees; Syst. Laur. [Nees] 648 (1836)
= Cassytha cuscutiformis F.Muell. ex Meisn.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15: 255 (1864), nom. inval.
= Cassytha dissitiflora Meisn.; Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn, ser. 3, 2: 1870: 145 (1870)
= Cassytha filiformis f. pycnantha Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 89(4): 680 (1930), in obs.
= Cassytha filiformis var. pseudopubescens Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 89(4): 680 (1930)
= Cassytha filiformis var. puberula (Meisn.) León & Alain; Fl. Cuba [León] 2: 191 (1951)
= Cassytha guineensis Schumach. & Thonn.; Beskr. Guin. Pl. 199 (1827)
= Cassytha macrocarpa Guillaumin; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 1103 (1924 publ. 1925)
= Cassytha novoguineensis Kaneh. & Hatus.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 57: 190 (1943)
= Cassytha paradoxae Proctor; Moscosoa 2: 20 (1983)
= Cassytha senegalensis A.Chev.; Fl. Afrique Occ. Franç. 1: 46 (1938), gallice
= Cassytha timoriensis Gand.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 60: 419 (1913)
= Cassytha zeylanica Gaertn.; Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1: 134 (1788)
= Rumputris fasciculata Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 92 (1836)
= Spironema aphylla (Forssk.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 93 (1836)
= Volutella aphylla Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 84 (1775)
species :
Cassytha flava Nees; Pl. Preiss. [J.G.C.Lehmann] 1: 620 (1845)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia: Geraldton to near Esperance)
50 AUS
species :
Cassytha flindersii (J.Z.Weber) J.Z.Weber; Fl. Australia 2: 457 (2007)
Distribution: Australia (South Australia: Mt Playford and Freeling Heights in the Flinders Range S to near Mt Remarkable and Mambray Ck.)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Cassytha peninsularis var. flindersii J.Z.Weber; J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 3(3): 235 (1981)
species :
Cassytha glabella R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 404 (1810)
Distribution: Australia (SE-Queensland, New South Wales, Tasmania)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Cassytha microcephala Meisn.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(1): 253 (1864)
form :
f. bicallosa J.Z.Weber; J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 3(3): 211 (1981)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia: near the mouth of the Murchison R., around Watheroo and S to the Darling Range near Perth)
50 AUS
form :
f. dispar (Schltdl.) J.Z.Weber; J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 3(3): 209 (1981)
Distribution: Australia (S-Western Australia, South Australia, Victoria, Tasmania, SE-New South Wales)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Cassytha dispar Schltdl.; Linnaea 20: 578 (1847)
form :
f. casuarinae (Nees) J.Z.Weber; J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 3(3): 211 (1981)
Distribution: Australia (SW-coastal Western Australia)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Cassytha casuarinae Nees; Pl. Preiss. [J.G.C.Lehmann] 1: 619 (1845)
= Cassytha digitata Nees; Pl. Preiss. [J.G.C.Lehmann] 1: 620 (1845)
species :
Cassytha larsenii Kosterm.; Rheedea 4(1): 14 (1994)
Distribution: Thailand
41 THA
species :
Cassytha melantha R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 404 (1810)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia, South Australia, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Cassytha robusta Meisn.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(1): 255 (1864)
species :
Cassytha micrantha Meisn.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(1): 256 (1864)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia: Scott R. to near Esperance, mostly near the coast, and inland to the Stirling Range)
50 AUS
species :
Cassytha muelleri Meisn.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(1): 257 (1864)
Distribution: Australia (SE-Queensland from Gympie to around Brisbane and W towards Crows Nest, and in NE-New South Wales near Grafton)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Cassytha racemosa f. muelleri (Meisn.) J.Z.Weber; J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 3(3): 256 (1981)
species :
Cassytha nodiflora Meisn.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(1): 252 (1864)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia: Shark Bay SE to Norseman)
50 AUS
species :
Cassytha paniculata R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 404 (1810)
Distribution: Australia (SE-Queensland to Eden, New South Wales); New Zealand
50 AUS 51 NZL
Synonyms: hidden
= Cassytha remotiflora F.Muell. ex Meisn.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(1): 256 (1864)
= Cassytha paniculata var. remotiflora (F.Muell. ex Meisn.) Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 5: 311 (1870)
species :
Cassytha pedicellosa J.Z.Weber; J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 3(3): 214 (1981)
Distribution: Australia (Tasmania)
50 AUS
species :
Cassytha peninsularis J.Z.Weber; J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 3(3): 232 (1981)
Distribution: Australia (S-South Australia)
50 AUS
species :
Cassytha pergracilis (Hatus.) Hatus.; J. Geobot. 24: 37 (1976)
Distribution: Ryukyu Isl.
38 NNS
Synonyms: hidden
= Cassytha filiformis var. pergracilis Hatus.; J. Geobot. 19(1-2): 26 (1971)
species :
Cassytha phaeolasia (F.Muell.) Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 5: 310 (1870)
Distribution: Australia (Sydney, New South Wales, S to eastern Gippsland, Victoria)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Cassytha paniculata var. phaeolasia F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 5: 167 (1866)
species :
Cassytha pomiformis Nees; Pl. Preiss. [J.G.C.Lehmann] 1: 620 (1845)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia: Geraldton to King George Sound and Esperance)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Cassytha ceratopoda Meisn.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(1): 257 (1864)
= Cassytha multiflora Nees; Pl. Preiss. [J.G.C.Lehmann] 1: 621 (1845)
= Cassytha pomiformis var. pubiflora Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 5: 313 (1870)
= Cassytha subcapitata Meisn.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(1): 253 (1864) p. p.
species :
Cassytha pondoensis Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 26: 392 (1899)
Distribution: Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.)
25 TAN 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Cassytha rubiginosa E.Mey.; Zwei Pflanzengeogr. Docum. [Drège] 171 (1843), nomen
variant :
var. schliebenii (Robyns & R.Wilczek) M.A.Diniz; Kirkia 16(1): 59 (1996 publ. Aug. 1997); et in Fl. Zambes. 9(2): 49 (Sept. 1997)
Distribution: Zambia
26 ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Cassytha schliebenii Robyns & R.Wilczek; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 19: 506 (1949)
species :
Cassytha pubescens R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 404 (1810)
Distribution: Australia (South Australia, Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania); New Zealand (North Cape to, Ahipara, Mangonui)
50 AUS 51 NZL
Synonyms: hidden
= Cassytha glabella Sieber ex Meisn.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(1): 256 (1864)
= Cassytha piligera Schltdl.; Linnaea 21: 446 (1848)
= Cassytha pubescens Schltdl.; Linnaea 20: 577 (1847), nom. illeg.
= Cassytha pubescens var. fasciculata Meisn.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15: 255 (1864)
= Cassytha pubescens var. macrostachya F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 5: 167 (1866), nomen
= Cassytha rugulosa Meisn.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(1): 255 (1864)
= Cassytha tasmanica Meisn.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(1): 252 (1864)
= Cassytha tepperiana C.F.Ludw. ex Tepper; Bot. Centralbl. 49(51): 5 (1888), as tepperana
species :
Cassytha racemosa Nees; Pl. Preiss. [J.G.C.Lehmann] 1: 621 (1845)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia: Shark Bay S to Pemberton, and E approaching the Stirling Range)
50 AUS
form :
f. pilosa (Benth.) J.Z.Weber; J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 3(3): 254 (1981)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia: North West Cape to Israelite Bay)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Cassytha racemosa var. pilosa Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 5: 312 (1870)
= Cassytha umbellata Meisn.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15: 257 (1864)
species :
Cassytha rufa J.Z.Weber; J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 3(3): 244 (1981)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland: Cape York Penin. to Cunnamulla near the New South Wales border)
50 AUS
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.02 (February 25th, 2025)

Covering 356,018 accepted species,
8,776 hybrids, 48,085 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,254 synonyms,
in total 1,415,133* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life