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Ver. 25.03
Mar. 6th, 2025

365.0000 Family Santalaceae R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 350 (1810), s. str., nom. cons.
11 genera, ca. 65 spp.
Species listed in database: 69
= Canopodaceae J.Presl; (Epimel. Bot. 248), et in Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. 5(6): 608 (1851)
= Eremolepidaceae Tiegh. ex Nakai; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 31: 48 (1952)
= Eremolepideae Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 1: 189 (1889)
= Eremolepidinae Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl], Nachtr. 1: 125, 137 (1897)
= Exocarpaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 317 (1858)
= Exocarpeae Horan.; Char. Ess. Fam. 71 (1847)
= Exocarpoideae Arn.; Botany [Arnott] 128 (1832)
= Lepidocerataceae Nakai; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 31: 45 (1952)
= Lepidoceratinae Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl], Nachtr. 1: 125, 137 (1897)
= Osyridaceae Raf.; Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 5: 348 (1820)
= Osyrideae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 13 (1829)
= Osyridoideae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 574, 1091, 1145 (1835)
= Santaleae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 13 (1829)
= Santalinae A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 14: 681 (1856)
= Santalineae Engl.; Syllabus (ed. 2): 107 (1898)
= Santaloideae Arn.; Botany [Arnott] 128 (1832)
365.0001 Genus Exocarpos Labill.; Voy. Rech. Perouse 1: 155, t. 14 (1800) (Exocarpos), ex Pers., Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 561 (1807)
Distribution: Australia, Pacific, Hawaii, some E-Malesia, few to W-Malesia and Indochina. Formerly in Santalaceae.
Species listed in database: 28
= Canopus C.Presl; Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. 5(6): 248 (1851)
= Sarcocalyx Zipp.; Alg. Konst- Lett.-Bode 1: 298 (1829)
= Sarcopus Gagnep.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 93: 313 (1947), et in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 94: 182 (1947)
= Xylophyllos Rumpf; Herb. Amboin. 7: 19 t. 12 (1755), ex Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 589 (1891)
= Xynophylla Montrouz.; Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Lyon, Sect. Sci., Sér. 2, 10: 250 (1860)
species :
Exocarpos acerbus (R.Br.) Lepschi; Muelleria 42: 12 (2023)
Distribution: Australia
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Leptomeria acerba Sieber ex Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 6: 229 (1873), nom. inval.
species :
Exocarpos aphyllus R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 357 (1810)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia, South Australia, Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Exocarpos leptomerioides F.Muell. ex Miq.; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 4: 103 (1856)
= Xylophyllos aphyllus (R.Br.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 589 (1891)
species :
Exocarpos bidwillii Hook.f.; Fl. New Zealand 223. t. 52 (1854)
Distribution: New Zealand (Nelson Mts. southwards)
51 NZL
Synonyms: hidden
= Xylophyllos bidwillii (Hook.f.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 589 (1891)
species :
Exocarpos capnodioides Lepschi; Nuytsia 33: 103 (2022)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia)
50 AUS
species :
Exocarpos clavatus Stauffer; Mitt. Bot. Mus. Univ. Zürich 213: (Rev. Anthobol.) 217 (1959)
Distribution: New Caledonia (S-New Caledonia)
60 NWC
species :
Exocarpos cupressiformis Labill.; Voy. Rec. Perouse 1: 155. t. 14 (1800)
Distribution: Australia (South Australia: Eyre peninsula, South Australia, SE-Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Exocarpos communis Behr ex Miq.; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 4(2): 103 (1856)
= Exocarpos dasystachyus Schltdl.; Linnaea 20: 580 (1847)
= Xylophyllos cupressiformis (Labill.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 589 (1891)
species :
Exocarpos gaudichaudii A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 14: 690 (1857)
Distribution: Hawaii (Niihau, Oahu, Molokai, Lanai, Maui, Kahoolawe Isl., Hawaii Isl.)
63 HAW
Conservation Status: 1999 Conservation Status: Rare
Synonyms: hidden
= Exocarpos brachystachys Hillebr.; Fl. Hawaiian Isl. [Hillebrand] 391 (1888)
= Exocarpos casuarinae Baill.; Adansonia 3: 109 (1862 publ. 1863)
= Exocarpos sandwicensis Baill.; Adansonia 3: 109 (1862 publ. 1863)
= Xylophyllos gaudichaudii (A.DC.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 589 (1891)
species :
Exocarpos homalocladus C.Moore & F.Muell.; F. Muell. Fragm. 8: 9 (1872 publ. 1874)
Distribution: Lord Howe Isl.
50 LHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Xylophyllos homalocladus (C.Moore & F.Muell.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 589 (1891)
species :
Exocarpos humifusus R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 357 (1810)
Distribution: Australia (Tasmania: subalpine areas)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Xylophyllos humifusus (R.Br.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 589 (1891)
species :
Exocarpos latifolius R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 356 (1810)
Distribution: Borneo; Sulawesi; Palawan (incl. Culion); Philippines (Luzon, Jolo, Sibutu, Basilan); Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, etc.); Moluccas; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Australia (N-Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland, N-New South Wales)
42 BOR JAW LSI MOL NWG PHI PLW SUL 50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Canopus luzonensis (R.Br.) C.Presl; Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. 5(6): 248 (1851)
= Exocarpos floribundus Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 49 (1921)
= Exocarpos luzonensis (C.Presl) A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 14: 688 (1857)
= Exocarpos miniatus (Zipp.) A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 14: 688 (1857)
= Exocarpos ovatus Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 181 (1850)
= Sarcocalyx miniatus Zipp.; Alg. Konst- Lett.-Bode 1: 298 (1829)
= Xylophyllos latifolius (R.Br.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 589 (1891)
species :
Exocarpos lauterbachianus Pilg.; Nachtr. Fl. Schutzgeb. Südsee [Schumann & Lauterbach] 257 (1905)
Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
species :
Exocarpos longifolius (L.) Endl.; Ann. Wiener Mus. Naturgesch. 1: 167, No: 938 (1836)
Distribution: Borneo; Palawan; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)
42 BOR NWG PLW
Synonyms: hidden
= Exocarpos aberrans (Gagnep.) Gagnep.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 94: 183 (1947)
= Exocarpos ceramicus A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 14: 691 (1857)
= Exocarpos ceramicus Spreng.; Gesch. Bot. 2: 77 (1818), nom. superfl.
= Exocarpos longifolius (L.) Druce; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 622 (1916 publ. 1917)
= Exocarpos rolfeanus (Kuntze) Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 4: 253 (1909)
= Sarcopus aberrans Gagnep.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 93: 315 (1947)
= Xylophylla longifolia L.; Mant. Pl. 2: 221 (1771)
= Xylophyllos rolfeanus Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 589 (1891)
species :
Exocarpos luteolus C.N.Forbes; Occas. Pap. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Mus. 4: 296 (1910)
Distribution: Hawaii (Kauai)
63 HAW
Conservation Status: 1999 Conservation Status: Endangered, USA Status: Endangered
species :
Exocarpos menziesii Stauffer; Mitt. Bot. Mus. Univ. Zürich 213: (Rev. Anthobol.) 148 (1959)
Distribution: Hawaii (Lanai, Hawaii Isl.)
63 HAW
species :
Exocarpos micranthus Stauffer; Mitt. Bot. Mus. Univ. Zürich 213: (Rev. Anthobol.) 233 (1959)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
species :
Exocarpos montanus (Stauffer) Baum.-Bod.; Syst. Fl. Neu-Caledonien 5: 76 (1989)
Distribution: New Caledonia
60 NWC
Synonyms: hidden
= Exocarpos phyllanthoides var. montanus Stauffer; Mitt. Bot. Mus. Univ. Zürich 213: 208 (1959)
species :
Exocarpos nanus Hook.f.; London J. Bot. 6: 281 (1847)
Distribution: Australia (higher altitudes in New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Exocarpos humifusus Hook.f.; Bot. Antarct. Voy. III. (Fl. Tasman.) 1: 336 (1857)
= Xylophyllos nanus (Hook.f.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 589 (1891)
species :
Exocarpos neocaledonicus Schltr. & Pilg.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 39: 103 (1906)
Distribution: New Caledonia (C-New Caledonia, S-New Caledonia)
60 NWC
species :
Exocarpos odoratus (Miq.) A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 14: 689 (1857)
Distribution: Australia (SW-Western Australia: coastal between Bunbury and Windy Harbour)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Leptomeria odorata Miq.; Pl. Preiss. [J.G.C.Lehmann] 1: 613 (1845)
= Xylophyllos odoratus (Miq.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 589 (1891)
species :
Exocarpos phyllanthoides Endl.; Prodr. Fl. Norfolk. [Endlicher] 46 (1833)
Distribution: Norfolk Isl.; New Caledonia (widespread)
50 NFK 60 NWC
Synonyms: hidden
= Exocarpos dilatatus S.Moore; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 45: 393 (1921)
= Exocarpos phyllanthoides var. brachystachys Stauffer; Mitt. Bot. Mus. Univ. Zürich 213: 209 (1959)
= Xylophyllos phyllanthoides (Endl.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 589 (1891)
species :
Exocarpos pseudocasuarina Guillaumin; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 72: 91 (1925)
Distribution: New Caledonia (S-New Caledonia)
60 NWC
Synonyms: hidden
= Leptomeria billardieri Sieber ex Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 6: 219 non R. Br. (1810)
species :
Exocarpos psilotiformis Skottsb.; Occas. Pap. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Mus. 14: 39 (1938)
Distribution: Austral Isl. (Rapa Iti)
61 AUI
species :
Exocarpos pullei Pilg.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 59: 120 (1924)
Distribution: Lesser Sunda Isl.; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)
42 LSI NWG
species :
Exocarpos sparteus R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 356 (1810)
Distribution: Australia (widespread: Western Australia, Northern Territory, NW-South Australia, S-Queensland, local New South Wales, NW-Victoria)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Exocarpos glandulaceus Miq.; Pl. Preiss. [J.G.C.Lehmann] 1: 619 (1845)
= Exocarpos pendulus F.Muell.; Trans. & Proc. Victorian Inst. Advancem. Sci. 1: 42 (1855)
= Exocarpos sparteus f. gracilis Miq.; Pl. Preiss. [J.G.C.Lehmann] 1: 618 (1845)
= Exocarpos sparteus f. tenerior Miq.; Pl. Preiss. [J.G.C.Lehmann] 1: 618 (1845)
= Exocarpos spicatus A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 14: 689 (1857)
= Xylophyllos sparteus (R.Br.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 589 (1891)
species :
Exocarpos spathulatus Schltr. & Pilg.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 39: 102 (1906)
Distribution: New Caledonia (S-New Caledonia)
60 NWC
species :
Exocarpos strictus R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 357 (1810)
Distribution: Australia (SE-South Australia, SE-Queensland, S-New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Leptomeria acerba A.Cunn. ex A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 14: 580 (1857), nom. inval.
= Omphacomeria acerba var. psilotoides (A.DC.) C.Moore; Handb. Fl. N.S.W.: 224 (1893)
= Omphacomeria psilotoides A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 14: 681 (1857)
= Xylophyllos strictus (R.Br.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 589 (1891)
species :
Exocarpos syrticola (F.Muell. ex Miq.) Stauffer; Mitt. Bot. Mus. Univ. Zürich 213: (Rev. Anthobol.) 173 (1959)
Distribution: Australia (coastal: South Australia, Victoria, Bass Strait Isl., Tasmania)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Exocarpos strictus var. syrticola F.Muell. ex Miq.; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 4: 104 (1856)
species :
Exocarpos vitiensis A.C.Sm.; Sargentia 1: 29 (1942)
Distribution: Fiji
60 FIJ
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.03 (March 6th, 2025)

Covering 356,112 accepted species,
8,776 hybrids, 48,085 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,454 synonyms,
in total 1,415,427* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life