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Ver. 25.01
Jan. 28th, 2025

267.0000 Family Anacardiaceae R.Br.; Narr. Exped. Zaire [Tuckey] 431 (1818), nom. cons.
81 genera, ca. 900 spp. Phylogeny following Cole (2018) and Cole & Bachelier (2023, Anacardiaceae phylogeny poster)
Species listed in database: 938; hybrids: 5
= Blepharocaryaceae Airy Shaw; Kew Bull. 18: 254 (1965)
= Comocladiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 144 (1820)
= Julianiaceae Hemsl.; J. Bot. 44: 379 (1906), nom. cons.
= Lentiscaceae Horan.; Tetractys 25 (1843)
= Pistaciaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 485 (1820)
= Podoaceae Baill. ex Franch.Pl.Delav.145 (1889)
= Rhoaceae Spreng. ex Sadler; Fl. Comit. Pest 2: 135 (1826)
= Schinaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 55 (1837)
= Spondiadaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 594 (1820)
= Vernicaceae Schultz Sch.; Nat. Syst. Pflanzenr. 488 (1832)
267.0702 Genus Toxicodendron Mill.; Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4 (1754)
Distribution: E-Asia, N- and S-America
Species listed in database: 29; hybrids: 1
= Albonia Buc´hoz; Herb. Color. Amérique, t. 57 (1783), nomen
= Augia Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 337 (1790), nom. rej.
= Philostemon Raf.; Fl. Ludov. 107 (1817)
= Vernix Adans.; Fam. Pl. [Adanson] 2: 347 (1763)
species :
Toxicodendron acuminatum (DC.) C.Y.Wu & T.L.Ming; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 45(1): 119, t. 31, f. 4-5 (1980)
Distribution: China (SW-Yunnan); S-Tibet
36 CHI TIB
Synonyms: hidden
= Rhus acuminata DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 2: 68 (1825)
= Rhus succedanea var. acuminata (DC.) Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 2(4): 12 (1876)
= Toxicodendron caudatum C.C.Huang & T.L.Ming; Fl. Yunnan. 2: 400, pl. 120, f. 4-5 (1979)
= Toxicodendron succedaneum var. acuminatum (DC.) C.Y.Wu & T.L.Ming; Fl. Yunnan. 2: 403 (1979)
species :
Toxicodendron bimannii Barbhuiya; NeBIO 4(3): 1 (2013)
Distribution: NE-India (Assam)
40 IND
species :
Toxicodendron borneense (Stapf) Gillis; Rhodora 73(794): 164 (1971)
Distribution: Borneo; Philippines
42 BOR PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Rhus borneensis Stapf; Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot., Ser. 2, 4: 142 (1894)
species :
Toxicodendron calcicola C.Y.Wu; Fl. Yunnan. 2: 405, pl. 122, 1 (1979)
Distribution: China (SE-Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Toxicodendron delavayi (Franch.) F.A.Barkley; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 24: 680 (1940)
Distribution: China (Yunnan, SW-Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Rhus delavayi Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 33: 466-467 (1886)
variant :
var. angustifolium C.Y.Wu; Fl. Yunnan. 2: 407 (1979)
Distribution: China (NE-Yunnan, SW-Sichuan)
36 CHI
species :
Toxicodendron diversilobum (Torr. & A.Gray) Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 119 (1905)
Name: Pacific poison oak
Distribution: Canada (British Columbia); USA (California, Nevada, Oregon, Washington State); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Chihuahua, Michoacan, Sonora)
71 CDN 73 USA 76 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Rhus diversiloba f. quinquifolia McNair; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 63: 473 (1936)
= Rhus diversiloba f. radicans McNair; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 4: 61 (1925)
= Rhus diversiloba Torr. & A.Gray; Fl. N. Amer. [Torrey & A.Gray] 1: 218 (1838)
= Rhus lobata Hook.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Hooker] 1: 127 (1831), nom. illeg.
= Rhus toxicodendron subsp. diversiloba (Torr. & A.Gray) Engl.; Monogr. Phan. [A.DC. & C.DC.] 4: 395 (1883)
= Toxicodendron comarophyllum Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 120 (1905)
= Toxicodendron dryophilum Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 121 (1905)
= Toxicodendron isophyllum Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 121 (1905)
= Toxicodendron oxycarpum Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 121 (1905)
= Toxicodendron radicans subsp. diversiloba (Torr. & A.Gray) Thorne; Aliso 6: 28 (1967)
= Toxicodendron vaccarum Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 122 (1905)
species :
Toxicodendron fulvum (Craib) C.Y.Wu & T.L.Ming; Fl. Yunnan. 2: 394 (1979)
Distribution: China (S-Yunnan); N-Thailand
36 CHI 41 THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Rhus fulva Craib; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1926(8): 361-362 (1926)
species :
Toxicodendron grandiflorum C.Y.Wu & T.L.Ming; Fl. Yunnan. 2: 404, t. 121, f. 5-9 (1979)
Distribution: China (Yunnan, SW-Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Rhus delavayi var. quinquejuga Rehder & E.H.Wilson; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 2(1): 184 (1914)
= Toxicodendron delavayi var. quinquejugum (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) C.Y.Wu & T.L.Ming; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 45(1): 124 (1980)
variant :
var. longipes (Franch.) C.Y.Wu & T.L.Ming; Fl. Yunnan. 2: 405 (1979)
Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan, SW-Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Rhus succedanea var. longipes Franch.; Pl. Delavay. 148 (1889)
species :
Toxicodendron griffithii (Hook.f.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 154 (1891)
Distribution: China (Yunnan, SW-Guizhou); India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Sikkim, West Bengal); Bangladesh; Myanmar (Chin, Kachin, Sagaing, Shan); NE-Thailand
36 CHI 40 BAN IND 41 MYA THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Rhus griffithii Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 2(4): 12 (1876)
variant :
var. barbatum C.Y.Wu & T.L.Ming; Fl. Yunnan. 2: 397 (1979)
Distribution: China (S-Yunnan)
36 CHI
variant :
var. microcarpum C.Y.Wu & T.L.Ming; Fl. Yunnan. 3: 397 (1979)
Distribution: China (SE-Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Toxicodendron hirtellum C.Y.Wu; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 45(1): 139, t. 32, f. 4-6 (1980)
Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Toxicodendron hirtellum var. microcarpum (C.C.Huang ex T.L.Ming) C.Y.Wu & T.L.Ming; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 45(1): 110 (1980)
= Toxicodendron insigne var. microcarpum C.C.Huang; Fl. Yunnan. 2: 396 (1979)
species :
Toxicodendron hookeri (Sahni & Bahadur) C.Y.Wu & T.L.Ming; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 45(1): 110 (1980)
Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet (Medog); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Sikkim, West Bengal)
36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP
Synonyms: hidden
= Rhus hookeri Sahni & Bahadur; Indian Forester 96: 769 (1970)
= Rhus insignis Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 2(4): 11 (1876) (non (Delile) Oliv., 1868)
= Toxicodendron hirtellum C.Y.Yu; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 45(1): 139 (1980)
= Toxicodendron insigne (Hook.f.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 154 (1891)
variant :
var. microcarpum (C.C.Huang ex T.L.Ming) C.Y.Wu & T.L.Ming; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 45(1): 110, t. 30, f. 2-3 (1980)
Distribution: China
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Toxicodendron insigne var. microcarpum C.C.Huang ex T.L.Ming; Fl. Yunnan. 2: 396, pl. 119, 2-3 (1979)
= Toxicodendron hirtellum var. microcarpum (C.C.Huang) C.Y.Wu & T.L.Ming; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 45(1): 110 (1980)
species :
Toxicodendron khasianum (Wall. ex Hook.f.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 154 (1891)
Distribution: India (Meghalaya); Bangladesh
40 BAN IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Rhus khasiana Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 2: 10 (1878)
species :
Toxicodendron nodosum (Blume) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 154 (1891)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Perak, Pahang); Sumatra; Borneo; Sulawesi; Java
42 BOR JAW MLY SUL SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Rhus nodosa Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 1164 (1827)
= Rhus perakensis Scort. ex King; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 65: 500 (1896)
= Toxicodendron nodosum (Blume) Gillis; Rhodora 73(794), 168 (1971), isonym
species :
Toxicodendron oligophyllum S.L.Tang, Liang Ma & S.P.Chen; Phytotaxa 539(1): 58 (2022)
Distribution: China (Fujian)
36 CHI
species :
Toxicodendron orientale Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 127 (1905)
subspecies :
subsp. orientale
Distribution: Russian Far East (Kuril Isl., Sakhalin); Uzbekistan [I]; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)
31 RFE 32 uzb 38 JAP KOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Rhus ambigua Lavallée ex Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 373 (1892), non Unger 1849
= Rhus orientalis (Greene) C.K.Schneid.; Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. [C.K.Schneider] 2: 151 (1907)
= Rhus rishiriensis Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 36: 67 (1922)
= Toxicodendron orientale f. rishiriense (Nakai) Yonek.; J. Jap. Bot. 86(4): 234 (2011)
= Toxicodendron radicans subsp. orientale (Greene) Gillis; Rhodora 73 (794): 206 (1971)
subspecies :
subsp. hispidum (Engl.) Yonek.; J. Jap. Bot. 86(4): 234 (2011)
Distribution: China (Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Hunan, Hubei); Taiwan
36 CHI 38 TAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Rhus intermedia Hayata; J. Coll. Agric. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 25(19): 73-74 (1908), non Ettingsh. 1888
= Rhus toxicodendron var. hispida Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29: 433 (1900)
= Toxicodendron radicans subsp. hispidum (Engl.) Gillis; Rhodora 73 (794): 213 (1971)
species :
Toxicodendron pubescens Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 2 (1768)
Name: Atlantic poison oak (EN), Behaarter Giftsumach (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Czech Republic [I]; Taiwan [I]; USA (Alabama, Arkansas, District of Columbia, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, New Jersey, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia)
11 cze ger 38 tai 74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cotinus toxicodendron (L.) Borkh.; Rhein. Mag. 1: 592 (1793)
= Philostemon toxicodendron (L.) Raf.; Autik. Bot. 83 (1840)
= Rhus acutiloba Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 36(1): 612 (1863)
= Rhus microcarpa Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 1: 689 (1821), nom. inval.
= Rhus quercifolia (Michx.) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 1: 689 (1821)
= Rhus radicans var. pubescens (Mill.) Farw.; Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 2: 54 (1901), nom. superfl.
= Rhus radicans var. toxicodendron (L.) Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 325 (1805)
= Rhus toxicarium Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 170 (1796), nom. superfl.
= Rhus toxicodendra St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 133 (1880) non L.
= Rhus toxicodendron f. elobata Fernald; Rhodora 43: 598, tab. 685, fig. 3 (1941)
= Rhus toxicodendron f. leiocarpa Fernald; Rhodora 43: 599 (1941)
= Rhus toxicodendron L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 266 (1753)
= Rhus toxicodendron var. quercifolia Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Michaux] 1: 183 (1803)
= Rhus toxicodendron var. quercifolium Hayne; t. 1 (1825)
= Toxicodendron compactum Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 126 (1905)
= Toxicodendron monticola Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 126 (1905)
= Toxicodendron quercifolium (Michx.) Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 127 (1905)
= Toxicodendron toxicarium (Salisb.) Gillis; Rhodora 73(795): 402 (1971)
= Toxicodendron toxicarium f. elobatum (Fernald) C.F.Reed; Phytologia 63(5): 411 (1987)
= Toxicodendron toxicarium f. leiocarpum (Fernald) C.F.Reed; Phytologia 63(5): 411 (1987)
= Toxicodendron toxicarium Gillis; Rhodora 73: 402 (1971)
= Toxicodendron toxicodendron (L.) Britton; Ill. Fl. N. U.S. [Britton & Brown], ed. 2, 2: 484 (1913), nom. inval.
= Toxicodendrum pubescens Moench; 73 (1794), nom. illeg.
species :
Toxicodendron quinquefoliolatum Q.H.Chen; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 7(4): 415 (1985)
Distribution: China (Guizhou)
36 CHI
species :
Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 153 (1891)
subspecies :
subsp. radicans
Name: Eastern poison ivy (EN), Efeu-Giftsumach, Kletternder Giftsumach (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Slovakia [I]; France [I]; Italy [I]; Slovenia [I]; Uzbekistan [I]; Tajikistan [I]; China [I] (Guizhou [I], Hubei [I], Hunan [I], Sichuan [I], Yunnan [I]); Taiwan [I]; Canada (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Vermont, West Virginia); Bermuda; Mexico (Aguascalientes, Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatan, Zacatecas); Guatemala; Bahamas
11 ger slo 12 fra 13 ita slv 32 tzk uzb 36 chi 38 tai 72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 80 GUA 81 BAH BER
Synonyms: hidden
= Cotinus radicans (L.) Borkh.; Rhein. Mag. 1: 592 (1793)
= Philostemon lutescens Raf.; Autik. Bot. 83 (1840)
= Philostemon radicans (L.) Raf.; Fl. Ludov. 107 (1817)
= Rhus blodgettii Kearney; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 21: 486 (1894)
= Rhus floridana Mearns; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 15: 149 (1902)
= Rhus humilis Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 170 (1796)
= Rhus littoralis Mearns; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 15: 148 (1902)
= Rhus radicans f. hypomalaca Fernald; Rhodora 43: 592 (1941)
= Rhus radicans f. intercursa Fernald; Rhodora 43: 593 (1941)
= Rhus radicans f. malacotrichocarpa (A.H.Moore) Fernald; Rhodora 43: 592 (1941)
= Rhus radicans L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 266 (1753)
= Rhus radicans var. littoralis (Mearns) Deam; Fl. Indiana [Deam] 651 (1940)
= Rhus radicans var. microcarpon (Michx.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 2: 69 (1825)
= Rhus radicans var. volubilis (Mill.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 2: 69 (1825)
= Rhus rhomboidea Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 727 (1903)
= Rhus scandens Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 170 (1796)
= Rhus toxicodendron f. malacotrichocarpa A.H.Moore; Rhodora 11: 163 (1909)
= Rhus toxicodendron f. radicans (L.) Engl.; Monogr. Phan. [A.DC. & C.DC.] 4: 394 (1883)
= Rhus toxicodendron subsp. radicans (L.) R.T.Clausen; Cornell Univ. Agric. Exp. Sta. Mem. 291: 8 (1949)
= Rhus toxicodendron var. microcarpon Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Michaux] 1: 183 (1803)
= Rhus toxicodendron var. radicans (L.) DC.; Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp. 55 (1813)
= Rhus toxicodendron var. vulgare Hayne; t. 1 (1825)
= Rhus varielobata Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 452 (1841), nom. inval.
= Toxicodendron arizonicum Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 123 (1905)
= Toxicodendron blodgettii (Kearney) Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 126 (1905)
= Toxicodendron goniocarpum Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 125 (1905)
= Toxicodendron hesperium Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 118 (1905)
= Toxicodendron magnum Bertram ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 694 (1840)
= Toxicodendron phaseoloides Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 123 (1905)
= Toxicodendron radicans var. littorale (Mearns) F.A.Barkley; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 24: 434 (1937)
= Toxicodendron radicans var. microcarpon (Michx.) Farw.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 12: 124 (1930)
= Toxicodendron radicans var. normale Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 154 (1891), nom. inval.
= Toxicodendron radicans var. rhomboideum Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 125 (1905)
= Toxicodendron radicans var. volubile (Mill.) Farw.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 12: 124 (1930)
= Toxicodendron rhomboideum (Small) Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 125 (1905)
= Toxicodendron serratum Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 7 (1768)
= Toxicodendron volubile Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 6 (1768)
= Toxicodendron vulgare Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 1 (1768)
= Toxicodendrum vulgare Moench; 73 (1794), nom. illeg.
subspecies :
subsp. barkleyi Gillis; Rhodora 73(794), 224 (1971)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, etc.); Guatemala
79 MEX 80 GUA
Synonyms: hidden
= Toxicodendron radicans var. barkleyi (Gillis) Reveal; Phytologia 69(4): 275 (1990)
subspecies :
subsp. divaricatum (Greene) Gillis; Rhodora 73 (795): 370 (1971)
Distribution: USA (Arizona); Mexico (Chiapas, Baja California, Sonora, etc.)
76 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Rhus divaricata McNair; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 4: 69 (1925), nom. illeg.
= Rhus greenei McNair; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 4: correction slip affixed to p. 69 (1925)
= Rhus radicans var. divaricata Fernald; Rhodora 43: 596 (1941)
= Rhus radicans var. laetevirens (Greene) Fernald; Rhodora 43: 596 (1941)
= Rhus saxatilis DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 2: 71 (1825)
= Toxicodendron coriaceum Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 120 (1905), nom. illeg.
= Toxicodendron divaricatum Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 122 (1905), nom. illeg.
= Toxicodendron laetevirens Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 123 (1905)
= Toxicodendron radicans var. divaricatum (Greene) F.A.Barkley; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 24: 433 (1937)
subspecies :
subsp. eximium (Greene) Gillis; Rhodora 73 (795): 383 (1971)
Distribution: USA (Texas); Mexico (Durango, Tamaulipas)
77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Rhus excisa Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 2: 187 (1800)
= Rhus eximia (Gillis) Standl.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 23: 668 (1923)
= Rhus toxicodendron var. eximia (Greene) McNair; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 4: 69 (1925)
= Toxicodendron biternatum Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 124 (1905)
= Toxicodendron excisum (Thunb.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 154 (1891)
= Toxicodendron eximium Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 123 (1905)
= Toxicodendron radicans var. eximium (Greene) F.A.Barkley; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 24: 435 (1937)
subspecies :
subsp. negundo (Greene) Gillis; Rhodora 73 (794): 228 (1971)
Distribution: Canada (Ontario, Quebec); USA (Arkansas, District of Columbia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Wisconsin, West Virginia)
72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Rhus radicans f. negundo (Greene) Fernald; Rhodora 43: 594 (1941)
= Rhus radicans subsp. negundo (Greene) McNeill; Nat. Canad., 108(3): 238 (1981)
= Rhus toxicodendron var. negundo (Greene) F.C.Gates; Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 41: 106 (1938)
= Toxicodendron aboriginum Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 125 (1905)
= Toxicodendron negundo Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 117 (1905)
= Toxicodendron radicans var. negundo (Greene) Reveal; Phytologia 69(4): 275 (1990)
subspecies :
subsp. pubens (Engelm. ex Watson) Gillis; Rhodora 73(794): 218 (1971)
Distribution: USA (Arkansas, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Missouri, Mississippi, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia)
74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Rhus radicans var. pubens (Engelm. ex S.Watson) Fernald; Rhodora 43: 596 (1941)
= Rhus toxicodendron var. pubens Engelm. ex S.Watson; Bibliogr. Index N. Amer. Bot. 185 (1878)
= Toxicodendron radicans var. pubens (Engelm. ex S.Watson) Reveal; Phytologia 69(4): 275 (1990)
subspecies :
subsp. verrucosum (Scheele) Gillis; Rhodora 73 (795), 377 (1971)
Distribution: USA (Missouri, Oklahoma, Texas)
74 USA 75 USA 77 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Rhus radicans var. verrucosa (Scheele) Fernald; Rhodora 43: 596 (1941)
= Rhus verrucosa Scheele; Linnaea 21: 592 (1848)
= Toxicodendron radicans var. verrucosum (Scheele) F.A.Barkley; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 24: 435 (1937)
= Toxicodendron verrucosum (Scheele) Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 124 (1905)
species :
Toxicodendron rhetsoides (Craib) Tardieu; Fl. Cambodge Laos Vietnam 2, 188 (1962)
Distribution: Laos; Vietnam
41 LAO VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Rhus rhetsoides Craib; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1926: 362 (1926)
species :
Toxicodendron rostratum T.L.Ming & Z.F.Chen; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 16(4): 347 (1994)
Distribution: China (S-Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Toxicodendron rydbergii (Small ex Rydb.) Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 117 (1905)
Name: Western poison ivy
Distribution: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon); USA (Arizona, Colorado, Connecticut, Iowa, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, North Carolina, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Mexico, Nevada, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Vermont, Washington State, Wisconsin, West Virginia, Wyoming); Mexico (Chihuahua, Sonora)
70 CDN 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Rhus radicans subsp. rydbergii (Small ex Rydb.) McNeill; Nat. Canad., 108(3): 238 (1981)
= Rhus radicans var. rydbergii (Small ex Rydb.) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 20: 416 (1939)
= Rhus radicans var. vulgaris (Michx.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 2: 69 (1825)
= Rhus rydbergii Small; Man. Fl. N. States [Britton] 601 (1901)
= Rhus rydbergii Small ex Rydb.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 1: 268 (1900)
= Rhus toxicodendron var. rydbergii (Small ex Rydb.) Garrett; Spring Fl. Wasatch, ed. 3: 69 (1917)
= Rhus toxicodendron var. vulgaris Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Michaux] 1: 183 (1803)
= Toxicodendron desertorum Lunell; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 2: 185 (1912)
= Toxicodendron fothergilloides Lunell; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 2: 186 (1912)
= Toxicodendron longipes Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 118 (1905), nom. illeg.
= Toxicodendron macrocarpum Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 117 (1905), nom. illeg.
= Toxicodendron pumilum Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 124 (1905), nom. illeg.
= Toxicodendron punctatum Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 125 (1905)
= Toxicodendron radicans subsp. rydbergii (Small ex Rydb.) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Taxon 31(2): 348 (1982)
= Toxicodendron radicans var. rydbergii (Small ex Rydb.) Erskine; Pl. Prince Edward Island 190 (1961)
= Toxicodendron rufescens Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 2: 46 (1912)
species :
Toxicodendron striatum (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 153 (1891)
Distribution: Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Hidalgo, Oaxaca, Quintana Roo, Veracruz); Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia (Antioquia, Boyacá, Caldas, Cauca, Chocó, Cundinamarca, Huila, La Guajira, Magdalena, Meta, Nariño, Norte de Santander, Risaralda, Santander, Valle); Venezuela (Aragua, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Merida, Miranda, Tachira, Trujillo); Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Beni)
79 MEX 80 COS GUA HON NIC PAN 82 CLM VEN 83 BOL ECU PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Rhus juglandifolia var. samo (Tul.) Engl.; Monogr. Phan. [A.DC. & C.DC.] 4: 401 (1883)
= Rhus juglandifolia Willd. ex Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 6: 649 (1820)
= Rhus samo Tul.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 6: 367 (1846)
= Rhus striata Ruiz & Pav.; Fl. Peruv. [Ruiz & Pavon] 3: 29, t. 252 (1802)
= Rhus tetlatin Finck; Mat. Veg. & Min. Kingd. Veracruz 13 (1893)
= Rhus tetlatziam Sessé & Moc.; Naturaleza (Mexico City), Ser. 2, 1(App.): 47 (1888)
species :
Toxicodendron succedaneum (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 154 (1891)
Name: Wax Tree
Distribution: China (Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu, Qinghai); SE-Tibet; South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; Bonin Isl. [I] (Chichijima [I]); Taiwan; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram. Nagaland, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal); Bangladesh; Myanmar (Kachin); N-Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Fraser´s Hill & Cameron Highlands, Pahang); N-Sumatra; Java; New Zealand [I]; Fed. States of Micronesia [I] (Pohnpei [I])
36 CHI TIB 38 JAP KOR NNS oga TAI 40 BAN BHU IND NEP 41 CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 JAW MLY SUM 51 nzl 62 mic
Synonyms: hidden
= Augia sinensis Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 1: 337 (1790)
= Rhus fraxinifolia Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 169 (1796)
= Rhus pubigera Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 1165 (1827)
= Rhus succedanea f. dumoutieri Pierre; Fl. Forest. Cochinch., t. 373 (1898)
= Rhus succedanea L.; Mant. Pl. Altera 221 (1771)
= Rhus succedanea var. discolor Hassk.; Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. [Hasskarl] 1: 245 (1844)
= Rhus succedanea var. dumoutieri (Pierre) Kudô & Matsum.; J. Soc. Trop. Agric. 3: 18 (1931)
= Rhus succedanea var. japonica Engl.; Monogr. Phan. [A.DC. & C.DC.] 4: 399 (1883)
= Rhus succedanea var. sikkimensis Hook.f.; l. c. 12 (1876)
= Rhus succedanea var. sphaerocarpa Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 2: 12 (1876)
= Toxicodendron succedanea (L.) Moldenke; Phytologia 2: 142 (1946)
= Toxicodendron succedaneum var. discolor Hassk.
= Toxicodendron succedaneum var. dumoutieri (Pierre & Matsum.) F.Y.Lu & C.H.Ou; Trees Taiwan 3: 127 (2010), contrary to Art 41 (Melbourne Code, 2012)
= Toxicodendron succedaneum var. kiangsiense C.Y.Wu; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 45(1): 140 (1980)
= Toxicodendron succedaneum var. microphyllum C.Y.Wu & T.L.Ming; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 45(1): 140 (1980)
= Toxicodendron succedaneum var. trichorachis Z.F.Chen; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 14: 150 (1992)
species :
Toxicodendron sylvestre (Siebold & Zucc.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 154 (1891)
Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, NW-Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui); South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan
36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NNS TAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Rhus sylvestris Siebold & Zucc.; Abh. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 4(3): 140 (1846)
= Toxicodendron sylvestris (Siebold & Zucc.) Tardieu; Fl. Cambodge Laos Vietnam 2, 186 (1962)
species :
Toxicodendron trichocarpum (Miq.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 154 (1891)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Kuril Isl.); China (Guizhou, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Fujian, Zhejiang, Anhui); North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Taiwan [I]; Myanmar
31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO tai 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Rhus trichocarpa f. viridis H.Hara; Enum. Spermatophytarum Japon. 3: 67 (1954)
= Rhus trichocarpa Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 84 (1866)
= Rhus trichocarpa var. humilis Honda; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 54: 223 (1940)
= Rhus trichocarpa var. serrata Engl.; Monogr. Phan. [A.DC. & C.DC.] 4: 379 (1833)
= Toxicodendron trichocarpum f. viride (H.Hara) Yonek.; J. Jap. Bot. 86(4): 234 (2011)
species :
Toxicodendron vernicifluum (Stokes) F.A.Barkley; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 24: 680 (1940)
Distribution: Uzbekistan [I]; Tajikistan [I]; Northern Caucasus [I]; Azerbaijan [I]; China (Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, Shandong, Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu); Tibet; North Korea; South Korea; Japan; Taiwan [I]; India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Manipur, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, West Bengal); Vietnam
32 tzk uzb 33 aze ncs 36 CHI TIB 38 JAP KOR NKO tai 40 IND 41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Rhus himalaica (Hook.f.) D.Chandra; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 17(3): 590 (1993)
= Rhus kaempferi Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 97 (1826)
= Rhus succedanea var. himalaica Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 2(4): 12 (1876)
= Rhus succedanea var. silvestrii Pamp.; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 17: 416 (1910)
= Rhus vernicifera DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 2: 68 (1825), nom. illeg.
= Rhus vernicifera Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 169 (1796), nom. superfl.
= Rhus vernicifera var. silvestrii Pamp.; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 17(3): 416 (1910)
= Rhus verniciflua Stokes; Bot. Mat. Med. 2: 164 (1812)
= Toxicodendron verniciferum (DC.) E.A.Barkley & F.A.Barkley; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 24: 263 (1937)
= Toxicodendron vernicifluum var. shaanxiense J.Z.Zhang & Z.Y.Shang; Acta Bot. Boreal.-Occid. Sin. 5(4): 314 (1985)
species :
Toxicodendron vernix (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 153 (1891)
Name: Poison sumac
Distribution: European Russia [I]; Canada (Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec); USA (Alabama, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, North Carolina, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Vermont, Wisconsin, West Virginia)
14 rus 72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Rhus aequalis Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 326 (1805)
= Rhus venenata DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 2: 68 (1825)
= Rhus vernix L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 265 (1753)
species :
Toxicodendron wallichii (Hook.f.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 154 (1891)
Distribution: S-Tibet (Gyirong); Nepal; N-India (Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal); N-Thailand
36 TIB 40 IND NEP 41 THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Rhus juglandifolia Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 996 (1828)
= Rhus juglandifolium Wall. ex D.Don; Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 248 (1825)
= Rhus wallichii Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 2(4): 11 (1876)
variant :
var. microcarpum C.C.Huang ex T.L.Ming; Fl. Yunnan. 3: 394, pl. 119, f. 1 (1979)
Distribution: China (Yunnan, SW-Guangxi); SE-Tibet
36 CHI TIB
species :
Toxicodendron yunnanense C.Y.Wu; Fl. Yunnan. 2: 401, pl. 121, f. 1-4 (1979)
Distribution: China (C-Yunnan)
36 CHI
variant :
var. longipaniculatum C.Y.Wu & T.L.Ming; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 45(1): 140, t. 34, f. 1-3 (1980)
Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, C-Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Toxicodendron ×lobadioides Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 119 (1905)
Distribution: USA
Remarks: T. diversilobum x T. rydbergii
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.01 (January 28th, 2025)

Covering 355,966 accepted species,
8,748 hybrids, 47,863 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,230 synonyms,
in total 1,418,722* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life