270.0000 Family Rutaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. 296 (1789), nom. cons.

148 genera, ca. 2200 spp. Systematics following Appelhans et al. (2021)

Species listed in database: 2215; hybrids: 20

270.6414 Genus Zanthoxylum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 270 (1753)

Distribution: tropics and (few species) subtropics. Nomenclature in the Caribbean quite confused.

Species listed in database: 238

species :

Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 727 (1824)

Distribution: China (S-Yunnan, W-Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan); SE-Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal); Bangladesh; Myanmar (Bago, Chin, Kachin, Magway, Sagaing, Shan, Yangon); Thailand; Laos; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Cameron Highlands, Pahang); Sumatra

36 CHI TIB 40 BAN BHU IND NEP 41 LAO MYA THA VIE 42 MLY SUM

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara acanthopodium (DC.) M.Hiroe; Forest Pl. Hist. Jap. Islands 1: 184 (1974)

= Zanthoxylum acanthopodium var. oligotrichum Z.M.Tan; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 9(2): 43 (1989)

= Zanthoxylum acanthopodium var. timbor Buch.-Ham. ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 1(3): 493 (1875)

= Zanthoxylum acanthopodium var. villosum C.C.Huang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 6(1): 33-34 (1957)

= Zanthoxylum alatum Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 1209 (1829), nom. inval.

= Zanthoxylum timbor Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 7116 (1832), nom. inval.

species :

Zanthoxylum achidek Sanoja; Acta Bot. Venez. 32(2): 304 (2009)

Distribution: Venezuela

82 VEN

species :

Zanthoxylum aculeatissimum Engl.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 12(2): 176 (1860)

Distribution: Bolivia (La Paz)

83 BOL

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara aculeatissima (Engl.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 19a: 220 (1931)

species :

Zanthoxylum acuminatum (Sw.) Sw.; Fl. Ind. Occid. 1: 575 (1788)

subspecies :

subsp. acuminatum

Name: Satinwood (Jamaica)

Distribution: Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Quintana Roo, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz); Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Cuba; Jamaica; Colombia (Chocó, La Guajira, Tolima); Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (La Paz, Santa Cruz)

79 MEX 80 COS NIC PAN 81 CUB JAM 82 CLM 83 BOL ECU PER

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara aculeata (Ruiz & Pav.) Cuatrec.; Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 2(Suppl.): 98 (1985)

= Fagara acuminata Sw.; Prodr. [O. P. Swartz] 38 (1788)

= Tobinia acuminatum (Sw.) Desv.; Ham. Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occid. [Hamilton] 57 (1825)

= Zanthoxylum aculeatum Macfad.; Fl. Jamaica [Macfadyen] 1: 191 (1837)

subspecies :

subsp. juniperinum (Poepp.) Reynel; Phytoneuron 2015-22: 6 (2015)

Distribution: Mexico (Campeche, Quintana Roo, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Veracruz); Belize; Honduras; Colombia; Venezuela (Aragua, Carabobo, Delta Amacuro, Lara, Merida, Monagas, Sucre); N-Brazil (Acre, Rondônia); NE-Brazil (Ceara, Bahia); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro)

79 MEX 80 BLZ HON 82 CLM VEN 84 BRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara acreana K.Krause; Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 6: 143 (1914)

= Fagara juniperina (Poepp.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 117 (1896)

= Fagara minutiflora (Tul.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 118 (1896)

= Fagara ocumarensis Pittier; Bol. Minist. Relac. Exter. 8-12: 276 (1929)

= Fagara pringlei (S.Watson) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 117 (1896)

= Fagara procera (Donn.Sm.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 19a: 223 (1931)

= Fagara warmingiana Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst., Beibl. 54: 23 (1896)

= Zanthoxylum acreanum (K.Krause) J.F.Macbr.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 13(3): 664 (1949)

= Zanthoxylum juniperinum Poepp.; Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. [Poeppig & Endlicher] 3: 77 (1845)

= Zanthoxylum minutiflorum Tul.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 3, 7: 278 (1847)

= Zanthoxylum ocumarense (Pittier) Steyerm.; Fieldiana, Bot. 28: 273 (1952)

= Zanthoxylum pringlei S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 26: 134 (1891)

= Zanthoxylum procerum Donn.Sm.; Bot. Gaz. 23: 4 (1897)

subspecies :

subsp. tripetalum (Standl.) Reynel; Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 117: 211 (2017)

Distribution: Panama

80 PAN

Synonyms: hidden

= Amyris tripetala Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 84 (1940)

= Zanthoxylum tripetalum (Standl.) D.M.Porter; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 58(2): 261 (1971 publ. 1972)

species :

Zanthoxylum ailanthoides Siebold & Zucc.; Fl. Jap. 1: 30 (1846)

Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, S-Jiangxi, SE-Sichuan, SE-Yunnan, Zhejiang); South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; Philippines (Batan)

36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NNS TAI 42 PHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara ailanthoides (Siebold & Zucc.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 118 (1896)

= Fagara ailanthoides var. inermis Hatus.; J. Jap. Bot. 12: 876 (1936)

= Fagara ailanthoides var. pubescens Hatus.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 4: 210 (1935)

= Fagara emarginella (Miq.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 118 (1896)

= Fagara hemsleyana (Makino) Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 21: 161 (1907)

= Zanthoxylum ailanthoides f. espinosum Yonek.; J. Jap. Bot. 80(6): 326 (2005)

= Zanthoxylum ailanthoides f. inermis (Hatus.) H.Ohba; Fl. Japan, 2c: 39 (1999)

= Zanthoxylum ailanthoides f. pubescens (Hatus.) H.Ohba; Fl. Japan 2c: 39 (1999)

= Zanthoxylum ailanthoides var. inerme (Hatus.) Rehder & E.H.Wilson; J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 118 (1919)

= Zanthoxylum emarginellum Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 3: 22 (1867)

= Zanthoxylum hemsleyanum Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 21: 86 (1907)

variant :

var. boninshimae (Koidz.) T.Yamaz. ex H.Ohba; Fl. Japan, 2c: 39 (1999)

Distribution: Bonin Isl. (Chichijima, Hahajima, Keetaajima, Otohtojima); Volcano Isl. (Kita-Iwojima)

38 KZN OGA

Synonyms: hidden

= Zanthoxylum inerme Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 33: 218 (1919)

= Fagara boninshimae Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 33: 218, in syn. (1919) ex H. Hara, Enum. Spermat. Jap., Pt. 3, 25 (1954)

species :

Zanthoxylum albiflorum Baker f.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 45: 283 (1921)

Distribution: New Caledonia

60 NWC

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara albiflora (Baker f., sine ref.) Guillaumin; Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, Ser. Bot. 8: 61 (1957)

species :

Zanthoxylum albuquerquei D.R.Simpson; Phytologia 51(5): 314 (1982)

Distribution: Peru

83 PER

species :

Zanthoxylum amamiense Ohwi; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 7: 135 (1938)

Distribution: Ryukyu Isl.

38 NNS

species :

Zanthoxylum amapaense (Albuq.) P.G.Waterman; Taxon 23: 363 (1975)

Distribution: Venezuela (Bolívar, Delta Amacuro); N-Brazil (Amapa, Pará, Amazonas, Acre, Rondônia); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso)

82 VEN 84 BRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara amapaensis Albuq.; Publ. Inst. Nac. Pesq. Amazonia Bot., No. 27, 11 (1968)

= Fagara idae Albuq.; Publ. Inst. Nac. Pesq. Amazonia Bot., No. 27, 8 (1968)

= Fagara machadoi Albuq.; Acta Amazonica 1(1): 24 (1971), et l. c. 2(2): 49 (1972)

= Zanthoxylum idae (Albuq.) P.G.Waterman; Taxon 24(2-3): 364 (1975)

= Zanthoxylum machadoi (Albuq. & Honda) P.G.Waterman; Taxon 25(5-6): 594 (1976)

species :

Zanthoxylum americanum Mill.; Gard. Dict. ed. VIII. n. 2 (1768)

Name: Common pricklyash (EN)

Distribution: Canada (Ontario, Quebec); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, North Carolina, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Virginia, Vermont, Wisconsin, West Virginia); Mexico (Nuevo Leon)

72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 78 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Mioptrila odorata Raf.; Amer. Manual Mulberry Trees 37 (1839)

= Thylax fraxineum (Willd.) Raf.; Med. Fl. 2: 114 (1830)

= Zanthoxylum americanum f. armatius F.C.Gates; Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 42: 136 (1939 publ. 1940)

= Zanthoxylum americanum f. impuniens Fassett; Torreya 42: 180 (1943)

= Zanthoxylum caribaeum Gaertn.; Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1: 333 (1788), nom. illeg.

= Zanthoxylum cauliflorum Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 1: 897 (1821), nom. inval.

= Zanthoxylum clava-herculis var. americanum Du Roi; Diss. Inaug. Obs. Bot. 57 (1771)

= Zanthoxylum fraxineum Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3(1): 757 (1806)

= Zanthoxylum fraxinifolium Marshall; Arbust. Amer. 167 (1785)

= Zanthoxylum mite Willd.; Enum. Pl. [Willdenow] 1013 (1809)

= Zanthoxylum ramiflorum Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Hooker] 2: 235 (1803)

= Zanthoxylum tricarpum Hook.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Hooker] 1: 118 (1838), nom. illeg.

species :

Zanthoxylum amplicalyx Reynel; Novon 28(1): 14 (2020)

Distribution: Cuba

81 CUB

species :

Zanthoxylum anadenium (Urb. & Ekman) Jiménez; Rhodora 62: 236 (1960)

Distribution: Hispaniola (Haiti)

81 HIS

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara anadenia Urb. & Ekman; Ark. Bot. 24A(4): 14 (1932)

species :

Zanthoxylum andamanicum Kurz; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 44: 199 (1875)

Distribution: Andaman Isl.

41 AND

species :

Zanthoxylum andinum Reynel; Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 117: 131 (2017)

Distribution: Ecuador

83 ECU

species :

Zanthoxylum anison L.O.Williams; Fieldiana, Bot. 31: 45 (1964)

Distribution: Guatemala (Alta Verapaz)

80 GUA

species :

Zanthoxylum anthyllidifolium Guillaumin; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 111: 214 (1945)

Distribution: Vietnam

41 VIE

species :

Zanthoxylum apiculatum (Sandwith) P.G.Waterman; Taxon 24(2-3): 363 (1975)

Distribution: Panama (Darien); Venezuela (Bolívar); Guyana; Surinam; Bolivia (Pando); N-Brazil (Pará, Amazonas)

80 PAN 82 GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL 84 BRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara apiculata Sandwith; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 120 (1935)

= Fagara dellomei Albuq.; Publ. Inst. Nac. Pesq. Amazonia Bot., No. 27, 3 (1968)

= Zanthoxylum dellomei (Albuq.) P.G.Waterman; Taxon 23: 363 (1975)

species :

Zanthoxylum arborescens Rose; U.S.D.A. Contr. Nat. Herb. 5: 112 (1897)

Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Sur, Chiapas, Colima, Durango, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Sinaloa, Sonora, Veracruz); Nicaragua

79 MEX 80 NIC

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara arborescens (Rose) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 19a: 220 (1931)

= Fagara goldmanii (Rose ex P.Wilson) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 19a: 220 (1931)

= Zanthoxylum goldmanii Rose ex P.Wilson; N. Amer. Fl. 25: 195 (1911)

= Zanthoxylum peninsulare Brandegee; Zoe 5: 249 (1908)

species :

Zanthoxylum armatum DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 727 (1824)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, S-Gansu, N-Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, S-Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, S-Shaanxi, Shandong, S-Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Tibet; South Korea; Japan; Taiwan; Pakistan (Dir, Swat, Hazara, Murree, Jhelum, Rawalpindi); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Andhra Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Uttar Pradesh); Bangladesh; Myanmar (Chin); Laos; Vietnam; ?peninsular Malaysia; Sumatra; Philippines (Luzon)

36 CHI TIB 38 JAP KOR TAI 40 BAN BHU IND NEP PAK 41 LAO MYA VIE 42 PHI SUM

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara alata var. tomentosa M.Hiroe; Forest Pl. Hist. Jap. Islands 1: 182 (1974)

= Zanthoxylum alatum Roxb.; (Hort. Bengal. 72 (1814), nomen), Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 2: 768 (1832)

= Zanthoxylum arenosum Reeder & S.Y.Cheo; J. Arnold Arbor. 32(1): 70, t. 2 (1951)

= Zanthoxylum bungei Hance; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 5, 5: 209 (1866), nom. illeg.

= Zanthoxylum hostile Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 1210 (1829), nom. inval.

= Zanthoxylum violaceum Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 1213 (1829), nom. inval.

variant :

var. ferrugineum (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) C.C.Huang; Guihaia 7: 1 (1987)

Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Zanthoxylum alatum f. ferrugineum Rehder & E.H.Wilson; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 2(1): 215-126 (1914)

= Zanthoxylum planispinum f. ferrugineum (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) C.C.Huang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 6(1): 32 (1957)

variant :

var. subtrifoliolatum (Franch.) Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 25(2-3): 43 (1972)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.

38 JAP NNS

Synonyms: hidden

= Zanthoxylum alatum f. subtrifoliolatum Franch.; Pl. Delavay. 124 (1889)

= Zanthoxylum alatum var. planispinum (Siebold & Zucc.) Rehder & E.H.Wilson; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 2(1): 125 (1914)

= Zanthoxylum alatum var. subtrifoliolatum Franch.; Pl. Delavay. 124 (1889)

= Zanthoxylum planispinum Siebold & Zucc.; Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 4(2): 138 (1846)

species :

Zanthoxylum asiaticum (L.) Appelhans, Groppo & J.Wen; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 126: 43 (2018)

Distribution: Cameroon; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Zambia; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga); Eswatini [Swaziland]; Madagascar; Comores; Mauritius; La Réunion; Rodrigues; China (Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan); SE-Tibet; Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; Nepal; Bhutan; India (almost throughout); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Myanmar (Bago, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Yangon, Rakhine); Thailand; Laos; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia; Sumatra; Sulawesi; Palawan; Philippines (Luzon); Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, etc.)

23 CMN ZAI 24 ETH SSU 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 SAF SWZ 29 COM MAU MDG REU ROD 36 CHI TIB 38 NNS TAI 40 BAN BHU IND NEP SRL 41 LAO MYA THA VIE 42 JAW LSI MLY PHI PLW SUL SUM

Synonyms: hidden

= Aralia labordei H.Lév.; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 24: 144 (1914)

= Cranzia aculeata Oken; Allg. Naturgesch. 3(2): 1285 (1841), nom. superfl.

= Cranzia asiatica (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 99 (1891)

= Cranzia micrantha (Blume) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 99 (1891)

= Cranzia nitida (Lam.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 99 (1891)

= Cranzia schmideliodes (Baker) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 99 (1891)

= Cranzia willdenowii (Steud.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 99 (1891)

= Limonia oligandra Dalzell; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 2: 258 (1850)

= Paullinia asiatica L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 365 (1753)

= Rubentia angustifolia Bojer ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 475 (1841)

= Scopolia aculeata Sm.; 2: t. 34 (1790)

= Scopolia angustifolia (Lam.) F.Dietr.; Nachtr. Vollst. Lex. Gärtn. 7: 678 (1821)

= Scopolia micracantha Blume; Bijdr. 1167 (1826)

= Scopolia nitida Willd. ex Spreng.; Syst. Veg. ed. 16, 1: 779 (1824)

= Scopolia rubicaulis (Schult.) F.Dietr.; Nachtr. Vollst. Lex. Gärtn. 7: 679 (1821)

= Toddalia aculeata Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 249 (1805)

= Toddalia ambigua Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 31(1): 444 (1858)

= Toddalia angustifolia Lam.; Illustr. 2: 117 (1797)

= Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam.; Tab. Encycl. 2: 116 (1797)

= Toddalia asiatica var. floribunda (Wall.) Kurz; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 44: 130 (1875)

= Toddalia asiatica var. gracilis Gamble; Fl. Madras 107 (1915)

= Toddalia asiatica var. obtusifolia Gamble; Fl. Madras 107 (1915)

= Toddalia asiatica var. parva Z.M.Tan; Bull. Bot. Res. North-East. Forest. Inst. 9(2): 47 (1989) (without type)

= Toddalia effusa Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 31(1): 443 (1858)

= Toddalia floribunda Wall.; Pl. Asiat. Rar. [Wallich] 3: 17 (1832)

= Toddalia micrantha (Blume) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 690 (1841)

= Toddalia nitida Lam.; Illustr. 2: 116 (1797)

= Toddalia rubicaulis Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roem. & Schult.] 5: 323 (1819)

= Toddalia schmidelioides Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 20: 118 (1883)

= Toddalia tonkinensis Guillaumin; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 111: 215 (1945)

= Toddalia willdenowii Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 690 (1840)

= Vepris schmidelioides (Baker) I.Verd.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1926: 395 (1926)

= Zanthoxylum floribundum Wall.; (Numer. List 33, no. 1206 (1829), nomen) Pl. Asiat. Rar. [Wallich] 3: 232 (1832)

= Zanthoxylum nitidum Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 1207 (1829), nom. inval.

species :

Zanthoxylum atchoum (Aké Assi) P.G.Waterman; Taxon 24(2-3): 363 (1975)

Distribution: Liberia; Ivory Coast

22 IVO LBR

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara atchoum Aké Assi; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 30: 398 (1960)

species :

Zanthoxylum austrosinense C.C.Huang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 6(1): 53-54, t. 5-6 (1957)

Distribution: China (S-Anhui, Fujian, N-Guangdong, NE-Guangxi, SW-Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Zanthoxylum austrosinense var. pubescens C.C.Huang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16(2): 82 (1978), no type indicated.

= Zanthoxylum austrosinense var. stenophyllum C.C.Huang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 6(1): 54, t. 6 (1957)

species :

Zanthoxylum avicennae (Lam.) DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 726 (1824)

Distribution: China (S-Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, S-Yunnan); Taiwan; Thailand; Laos; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia; Borneo; Sulawesi; Palawan; Philippines (Luzon, Mindanao); Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, etc.); Moluccas

36 CHI 38 TAI 41 LAO THA VIE 42 BOR JAW LSI MLY MOL PHI PLW SUL

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara avicennae Lam.; Encycl. 2: 445 (1788)

= Zanthoxylum avicennae var. tonkinense Pierre; Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 4, t. 289B (1895)

= Zanthoxylum iwahigense Elmer; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 5: 1833 (1913)

= Zanthoxylum lentiscifolium Champ. ex Benth.; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 3: 329 (1851)

species :

Zanthoxylum backeri (Bakh.f.) T.G.Hartley; J. Arnold Arbor. 47: 195 (1966)

Distribution: Java

42 JAW

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara backeri Bakh.f.; Blumea 6: 366 (1950)

species :

Zanthoxylum beecheyanum K.Koch; Hort. Dendrol. 81, No. 7 (1853)

Distribution: Ryukyu Isl.; Bonin Isl. (Keetaajima, Chichijima, Hahajima, Anijima, Otohtojima)

38 NNS OGA

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara alata var. beecheyana (K.Koch) Hiroë; Forest Pl. History Jap. Isl. 1: 182 (1974)

= Fagara piperita Hook. & Arn.; Bot. Beechey Voy. 261 1836 (1840)(non L.)

= Zanthoxylum arnottianum Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 17: 146 (1872)

= Zanthoxylum arnottianum subsp. alatum (Nakai) Masam. & Yanagita; Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 31: 318 (1941)

= Zanthoxylum arnottianum var. alatum Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 35: (96) (1921)

= Zanthoxylum beecheyanum var. alatum (Nakai) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 16: 256 (1940)

= Zanthoxylum piperitum Hook. & Arn.; Bot. Beechey Voy. 261 (1837) (non (L.) DC.)

species :

Zanthoxylum bifoliolatum Leonard; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 14: 413 (1924)

subspecies :

subsp. bifoliolatum

Distribution: Bahamas; Dominican Republic; Haiti; Puerto Rico

81 BAH HIS PUE

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara bifoliolata (Leonard) Urb.; Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 37 (1926)

= Fagara obcordata Urb. & Ekman; Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 36 (1926)

= Zanthoxylum obcordatum (Urb. & Ekman) J.Jiménez Alm.; Rhodora 62: 237 (1960)

subspecies :

subsp. azuense (Urb. & Ekman) Reynel; Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 117: 221 (2017)

Distribution: Hispaniola (Dominican Republic)

81 HIS

Synonyms: hidden

= Zanthoxylum azuense (Urb. & Ekman) Jiménez; Rhodora 62: 236 (1960)

= Fagara azuensis Urb. & Ekman; Ark. Bot. 22A(8): 55 (1929)

species :

Zanthoxylum bissei Beurton; Rev. Jard. Bot. Nacion. Univ. Habana 6(2): 3 (1985 publ. 1986)

Distribution: Cuba

81 CUB

species :

Zanthoxylum bonifaziae Cornejo & Reynel; Harvard Pap. Bot. 14(2): 163 (2009)

Distribution: Ecuador

83 ECU

species :

Zanthoxylum bouetense (Pierre ex Letouzey) P.G.Waterman; Taxon 24(2-3): 363 (1975)

Distribution: Cameroon; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]

23 CMN CON GAB

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara bouetensis Pierre ex Letouzey; Adansonia, sér. 2, 2: 140 (1962)

species :

Zanthoxylum brachyacanthum F.Muell.; Trans. & Proc. Philos. Inst. Victoria 2: 65 (1858)

Distribution: Australia (Queensland, NE-New South Wales)

50 AUS

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara brachyacantha (F.Muell.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 119 (1896)

= Fagara venenifica (F.M.Bailey) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 119 (1896)

= Zanthoxylum veneficum F.M.Bailey; Syn. Queensl. Fl. Suppl. 1: 11 (1886)

species :

Zanthoxylum brisasanum (Cuatrec.) P.G.Waterman; Taxon 24(2-3): 363 (1975)

Distribution: Colombia (Tolima, Valle); Ecuador; Peru (Pasco)

82 CLM 83 ECU PER

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara brisasana Cuatrec.; Rev. Acad. Colombia. 8: 465 (1952)

species :

Zanthoxylum brisoferox Reynel; Novon 28(1): 3 (2020)

Distribution: Colombia

82 CLM

species :

Zanthoxylum buesgenii (Engl.) P.G.Waterman; Taxon 24(2-3): 363 (1975)

Distribution: S-Nigeria; Cameroon; Gabon; Central African Republic

22 NGA 23 CAF CMN GAB

Conservation Status: IUCN NT (Cameroon)

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara buesgenii Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 46: 407 (1911)

species :

Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 16(3): 212-213 (1871)

Distribution: Uzbekistan [I]; China (Anhui, Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); S-Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim); Laos

32 uzb 36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP 41 LAO

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara bungei (Planch.) M.Hiroe; Forest Pl. Hist. Jap. Islands 1: 185 (1974)

= Zanthoxylum bungei Planch. & Linden ex Hance; J. Bot. 13: 131 (1875)

= Zanthoxylum bungei Planch.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 3, 19: 82 (1853)

= Zanthoxylum bungei var. imperforatum Franch.; Mem. Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg 24: 205 (1884)

= Zanthoxylum fraxinoides Hemsl.; Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 9(33): 148 (1895), non Unger (1850)

= Zanthoxylum nepalense Babu; Bull. Bot. Surv. India, 16(1-4): 60 (1974 publ. 1977)

= Zanthoxylum nitidum Bunge; Enum. Pl. China Bor. 13 (1833)

= Zanthoxylum piperitum Benn.; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3, 10: 200 (1862)

= Zanthoxylum simulans var. imperforatum (Franch.) Reeder & S.Y.Cheo; J. Arnold Arbor. 32(1): 70 (1951)

= Zanthoxylum usitatum Diels; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 5: 280 (1912), nom. illeg.

variant :

var. pubescens C.C.Huang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 6(1): 24-25 (1957)

Distribution: China (Gansu, Qinghai, S-Shaanxi, W-Sichuan)

36 CHI

variant :

var. punctatum C.C.Huang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16(2): 81 (1978)

Distribution: China (Sichuan)

36 CHI

species :

Zanthoxylum burkillianum Babu; Bull. Bot. Surv. India, 16(1-4): 55 (1974 publ. 1977)

Distribution: India (Arunachal Pradesh)

40 IND

species :

Zanthoxylum calcicola C.C.Huang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 6(1): 65-67, t. 13 (1957)

Distribution: China (W-Guangxi, SW-Guizhou, SE-Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Zanthoxylum campicola Reynel; Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 117: 72 (2017)

Distribution: Colombia (Medellin); Ecuador (Carchi)

82 CLM 83 ECU

species :

Zanthoxylum canalense (Guillaumin) P.G.Waterman; Taxon 24(2-3): 363 (1975)

Distribution: New Caledonia

60 NWC

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara canalensis Guillaumin; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 85: 296 (1938)

species :

Zanthoxylum capense (Thunb.) Harv.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 1: 446 (1860)

Name: Small Knobwood

Distribution: Zimbabwe; S-Mozambique; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Eswatini [Swaziland]

26 MOZ ZIM 27 BOT SAF SWZ

Synonyms: hidden

= Amyris armata (Thunb.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg. ed. 16, 2: 219 (1825)

= Amyris capensis (Thunb.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 2: 218 (1825)

= Fagara armata Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 1: 28 (1794)

= Fagara capensis Thunb.; Med. Afr. 6 (1785)

= Fagara magalismontana Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 19a: 223 (1931)

= Fagara multifoliata Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 23: 149 (1896)

= Fagarastrum capense (Thunb.) G.Don; Gen. Hist. 2: 87 (1832)

= Fagarastrum thunbergii (DC.) G.Don; Gen. Hist. 2: 87 (1832)

= Zanthoxylum armatum (Thunb.) Druce; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 1916: 652 (1917), nom. illeg.

= Zanthoxylum thunbergii DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 726 (1824)

species :

Zanthoxylum caribaeum Lam.; Encyc. 2: 39 (1786)

subspecies :

subsp. caribaeum

Name: Yellow Sanders (Jamaica); Bois-chandelle blanc, Lepine blanc (Lesser Antilles)

Distribution: Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Colima, Durango, Guerrero, Jalisco, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatan); Guatemala; Belize; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Cuba; Cayman Isl.; Jamaica; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Guadeloupe; Dominica; Martinique; St. Lucia; Barbados; Colombia (Antioquia, Atlántico, Bolívar, Cundinamarca, Norte de Santander, Valle); Venezuela (Bolívar); Guyana; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Santa Cruz); N-Brazil (Roraima, Pará)

79 MEX 80 BLZ COS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 BBD CAY CUB DOM GDL HIS JAM MAR PUE STL 82 CLM GUY VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara caribaea (Lam.) Krug & Urb.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 21: 562 (1896)

= Fagara elephantiasis (Macfad.) Krug & Urb.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 21: 564 (1896)

= Fagara occidentalis (Rose) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 19a: 219 (1931)

= Zanthoxylum aromaticum Griseb.; Fl. Brit. W.I. [Grisebach] 138 (1860)

= Zanthoxylum carolinianum Gaertn.; Fruct. 1: 333 (1788), nom. illeg.

= Zanthoxylum elephantiasis Macfad.; Fl. Jamaica [Macfadyen] 1: 193 (1837)

= Zanthoxylum gentlei Lundell; Lloydia 2: 92 (1939)

= Zanthoxylum horridum Sessé & Moc.; Fl. Mexic., ed. 2: 231 (1894), nom. illeg.

= Zanthoxylum occidentale Rose; U.S.D.A. Contr. Nat. Herb. 5: 164 (1899)

subspecies :

subsp. nelsonii (Rose) Reynel; Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 117: 45 (2017)

Distribution: Mexico (Nayarit)

79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Zanthoxylum nelsonii Rose; U.S.D.A. N. Am. Faun. 14: 79 (1899)

subspecies :

subsp. rugosum (A.St.-Hil. & Tul.) Reynel; Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 117: 45 (2017)

Distribution: N-Brazil (Pará); NE-Brazil (Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Bahia, Alagoas, Sergipe); WC-Brazil (Brasilia Distrito Federal, Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul); Paraguay (Alto Paraná, Amambay, Caaguazu, Caazapa, Canindeyu, Central, Concepcion, Cordillera, Guaira, Itapua, Paraguari, San Pedro); Argentina (Corrientes, Formosa, Misiones)

84 BRA 85 ARG PAR

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara chiloperone (Mart. ex Engl.) Engl. ex Chodat & Hassl.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 4: 1282 (1904)

= Fagara chiloperone var. angustifolia (Engl.) Engl. ex Chodat & Hassl.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 4: 1283 (1904)

= Fagara rugosa (A.St.-Hil. & Tul.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 117 (1896)

= Zanthoxylum chiloperone Mart. ex Engl.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 12(2): 170 (1860)

= Zanthoxylum chiloperone var. angustifolium Engl.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 12(2): 171 (1874)

= Zanthoxylum rugosum A.St.-Hil. & Tul.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 17: 140 (1842)

species :

Zanthoxylum caudatum Alston; Trimen, Hand-Book Fl. Sri Lanka 6: Suppl., 37 (1931)

Distribution: Sri Lanka

40 SRL

Remarks: only known from type collections in 1927

species :

Zanthoxylum celebicum Koord.; Meded. ´S Lands Plantent. 19: 639 (1898)

Distribution: Sulawesi

42 SUL

species :

Zanthoxylum chalybaeum Engl.; Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas, C 227 (1895)

Distribution: SE-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; Ethiopia; Somalia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe

23 BUR RWA ZAI 24 ETH SOM 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 MLW ZAM ZIM

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara bukobensis Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 46(3): 409 (1911)

= Fagara chalybea (Engl.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 118 (1896)

= Fagara fischeri Engl.; Jahrb. 36: 242 (1905)

= Fagara homblei De Wild.; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 4: 390 (1914)

= Fagara merkeri Engl.; Jahrb. 36: 242 (1905)

= Fagara mpapwensis Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 46(3): 410 (1911)

= Fagara olitoria (Engl.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 118 (1896)

= Zanthoxylum olitorium Engl.; Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas, C 227 (1895)

variant :

var. molle Kokwaro; Kew Bull. 32(4): 796 (1978)

Distribution: South Sudan; Uganda; Tanzania

24 SSU 25 TAN UGA

species :

Zanthoxylum chevalieri P.G.Waterman; Taxon 24: 365 (1975)

Distribution: Guinea; Sierra Leone; Ivory Coast

22 GUI IVO SIE

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara chevalieri (P.G.Waterman) Aké Assi; Flore Côte d´Ivoire (Thesis) 2: 1041 (1984), nom. superfl.

= Fagara pubescens A.Chev.; Mém. Soc. Bot. France 8: 144 (1912)

= Zanthoxylum pubescens (A.Chev.) P.G.Waterman

species :

Zanthoxylum chocoense Reynel; Novon 28(1): 9 (2020)

Distribution: Colombia

82 CLM

species :

Zanthoxylum chuquisaquense Reynel; Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 117: 164 (2017)

Distribution: Bolivia

83 BOL

species :

Zanthoxylum ciliatum Engl.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 12(2): 180 (1860)

subspecies :

subsp. ciliatum

Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Sinaloa, Sonora); Honduras; Nicaragua; Venezuela (Delta Amacuro, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Lara, Merida, Miranda)

79 MEX 80 HON NIC 82 VEN

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara ciliata (Engl.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 118 (1896)

= Fagara pilosissima Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst., Beibl. 54: 26 (1896)

= Zanthoxylum mazatlanum Sandwith; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1926: 433 (1926)

= Zanthoxylum tenuipes Standl.; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 16: 15 (1926)

= Zanthoxylum williamsii Standl.; Ceiba 1: 41 (1950)

subspecies :

subsp. purpusii (Brandegee) Reynel; Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 117: 228 (2017)

Distribution: Mexico (Oaxaca, Puebla)

79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara purpusii (Brandegee) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 19a: 220 (1931)

= Zanthoxylum purpusii Brandegee; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 381 (1909)

species :

Zanthoxylum claessensii (De Wild) P.G.Waterman; Taxon 24(2-3): 363 (1975)

Distribution: Cameroon; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; D.R.Congo [Zaire]

23 CMN CON GAB ZAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara claessensi De Wild.; Pl. Bequaert. 3: 26 (1925)

species :

Zanthoxylum clava-herculis L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 270 (1753)

subspecies :

subsp. clava-herculis

Name: Hercules´ club

Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Texas, Virginia); Mexico (Coahuila, Hidalgo, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Veracruz)

74 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara caroliniana (Lam.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 117 (1896)

= Fagara clava-herculis (L.) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S.: 675 (1903)

= Fagara clava-herculis var. fruticosa Sarg.; Man. Trees 583 (1905)

= Fagara fraxinifolia (Walter) Lam.; Illustr. 1: 334 (1792)

= Kampmannia fraxinifolium (Walter) Raf.; Med. Repos. N. York 5: 352 (1808)

= Pseudopetalon glandulosum Raf.; Fl. Ludov. 108 (1817)

= Pseudopetalon tricarpum Raf.; Med. Fl. 2: 114 (1830)

= Xanthophyllon clava-herculis (L.) St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 70 (1880)

= Xanthophyllon clavatum St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 70 (1880)

= Zanthoxylum alveolatum Shuttlew. ex S.Watson; Bibl. Index N. Amer. Bot. 156 (1878)

= Zanthoxylum aromaticum Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3(1): 755 (1806)

= Zanthoxylum carolinianum Lam.; Encyc. 2: 39 (1786)

= Zanthoxylum catesbianum Raf.; Med. Fl. 2: 114 (1830)

= Zanthoxylum clavatum St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 137 (1880)

= Zanthoxylum digynum Engelm. ex A.Gray; Pl. Wright. [A.Gray] 1: 31 (1852)

= Zanthoxylum fraxinifolium Walter; Fl. Carol. [Walter] 243 (1788)

= Zanthoxylum glandulosum (Raf.) Raf.; Med. Fl. 2: 116 (1830)

= Zanthoxylum hidalgense Lundell; Wrightia 2: 105 (1960)

= Zanthoxylum macrophyllum Nutt.; N. Amer. Sylv. [Nuttall] 3: 10 (1849)

= Zanthoxylum tricarpum Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Michaux] 2: 235 (1803)

subspecies :

subsp. fruticosum (A.Gray) Reynel; Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 117: 175 (2017)

Name: Texas Hercules´ club

Distribution: USA (Arkansas, Oklahoma, Texas); Mexico (Coahuila)

74 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara fruticosa Small; Fl. S. E. U.S. 675 (1903)

= Zanthoxylum carolinianum var. fruticosum A.Gray; Smithsonian Contr. Knowl. 3(5): 30 (1852)

= Zanthoxylum clava-herculis var. fruticosum (A.Gray) A.Gray; Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 1(1): 374 (1897)

= Zanthoxylum clava-herculis var. fruticosum (A.Gray) S.Watson; Bibl. Index N. Amer. Bot. 156 (1878)

= Zanthoxylum hirsutum Buckley; Proc. Acad. Sci. Philad. 1861 450 (1862)

species :

Zanthoxylum coco Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.; Bot. Misc. 3: 168 (1833)

Distribution: Bolivia (Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, La Paz, Santa Cruz, Tarija); Paraguay (Paraguari); Argentina (Catamarca, Cordoba, Jujuy, La Rioja, Salta, San Luis, Tucuman)

83 BOL 85 ARG PAR

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara coco (Gillies) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 117 (1896)

= Zanthoxylum stipitatum Engl.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 12(2): 161 (1860)

species :

Zanthoxylum collinsiae Craib; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 165 (1926) (collinsae)

Distribution: China (NW-Guangxi, SW-Guizhou, S-Yunnan); Thailand; ?Laos; Vietnam

36 CHI 41 THA VIE

Synonyms: hidden

= Zanthoxylum asperum C.C.Huang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 6(1): 75-76, t. 16 (1957)

= Zanthoxylum scabrum Guill.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 91: 215 (1944)

species :

Zanthoxylum comosum (Herzog) P.G.Waterman; Taxon 24(2-3): 363 (1975)

Distribution: Bolivia (Cochabamba)

83 BOL

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara comosa Herzog; Meded. Herb. Leid. No. 27, 80 (1915)

species :

Zanthoxylum compactum (Huber ex Albuq.) P.G.Waterman; Taxon 24(2-3): 363 (1975)

Distribution: Colombia (Amazonas, Guainía, Guaviare); Venezuela (Delta Amacuro, Venezuela Distrito Federal); Ecuador; N-Brazil (Roraima, Pará, Amazonas, Acre, Rondônia)

82 CLM VEN 83 ECU 84 BRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara compacta Huber ex Albuq.; Publ. Inst. Nac. Pesq. Amazonia Bot., No. 27, 12 (1968)

= Zanthoxylum grazielae (Albuq.) P.G.Waterman; Taxon 24(2-3): 363 (1975)

= Fagara grazielae Albuq.; Publ. Inst. Nac. Pesq. Amazonia Bot., No. 27, 7 (1968)

species :

Zanthoxylum complexum Reynel; Novon 30(1): 49 (2022)

Distribution: Ecuador

83 ECU

species :

Zanthoxylum conspersipunctatum Merr. & L.M.Perry; J. Arnold Arbor. 22: 33 (1941)

Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)

42 NWG

species :

Zanthoxylum cucullatipetalum Guillaumin; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 91: 214 (1945)

Distribution: C-Vietnam

41 VIE

species :

Zanthoxylum davyi (I.Verd.) P.G.Waterman; Taxon 24(2-3): 363 (1975)

Name: Knobwood

Distribution: Zimbabwe; South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal, W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Eswatini [Swaziland]

26 ZIM 27 SAF SWZ

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara davyi I.Verd.; J. Bot. 57: 203 (1919)

= Zanthoxylum thunbergii var. grandifolium Harv.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 1: 446 (1860)

species :

Zanthoxylum decaryi H.Perrier; Mem. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. 2, 67(3): 12 (1948)

Distribution: Madagascar

29 MDG

species :

Zanthoxylum delagoense P.G.Waterman; Taxon 24(2-3): 365 (1975), nom. nov.

Distribution: Mozambique

26 MOZ

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara capensis (Sim) I.Verd.; J. Bot. 57: 204 (1919), nom. illeg., non Thunb. (1794)

= Fagara schlechteri Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 46: 409 (1911), non Guillaumin (1936)

= Zanthoxylum capense Sim; (1909), non Harv. 1860, nom. illegit.

species :

Zanthoxylum deremense (Engl.) Kokwaro; Kew Bull. 32(4): 798 (1978)

Distribution: Tanzania; N-Malawi

25 TAN 26 MLW

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara braunii Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 46(3): 407 (1911)

= Fagara deremensis Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 36(2): 241 (1905)

species :

Zanthoxylum dimorphophyllum Hemsl.; Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 9(33): 150 (1895)

Distribution: China (S-Gansu, N-Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, W-Hubei, Hunan, S-Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan); Taiwan; Thailand; Vietnam

36 CHI 38 TAI 41 THA VIE

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara dimorphophylla (Hemsl.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 118 (1896)

= Fagara dimorphophylla f. unifoliolata E.Pritz.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29(3-4): 422 (1900)

= Fagara pistaciiflora (Hayata) M.Hiroe; Forest Pl. Hist. Jap. Islands 1: 181 (1974), nom. illeg.

= Fagara robiginosa Reeder & S.Y.Cheo; J. Arnold Arbor. 32(1): 68-69, t. 1 (1951)

= Zanthoxylum acanthopodium var. deminutum (Rehder) Reeder & S.Y.Cheo; J. Arnold Arbor. 32(1): 71 (1951)

= Zanthoxylum dimorphophyllum var. deminutum Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 22(4): 577-578 (1941)

= Zanthoxylum evodiifolium Guillaumin; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 111: 215 (1945)

= Zanthoxylum pistaciiflorum Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 3: 49 (1913)

= Zanthoxylum robiginosum (Reeder & S.Y.Cheo) C.C.Huang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 6(1): 35 (1957)

variant :

var. multifoliolatum C.C.Huang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16(2): 81-82 (1978)

Distribution: China (Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Zanthoxylum ovalifolium var. multifoliolatum (C.C.Huang) C.C.Huang; Guihaia 7(1): 4 (1987)

variant :

var. spinifolium Rehder & E.H.Wilson; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 2(1): 126 (1914)

Distribution: China (Guizhou, SW-Henan, W-Hubei, Hunan, S-Shaanxi, Sichuan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Zanthoxylum ovalifolium var. spinifolium (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) C.C.Huang; Guihaia 7(1): 4 (1987)

= Zanthoxylum dissitum var. spinulosum Z.M.Tan; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 9(2): 44 (1989)

species :

Zanthoxylum dinklagei (Engl.) P.G.Waterman; Taxon 24(2-3): 363 (1975)

Distribution: SE-Nigeria; Cameroon; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]

22 NGA 23 CMN CON GAB

Conservation Status: IUCN NT (Cameroon)

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara dinklagei Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 23: 147 (1896)

= Fagara klaineana Pierre ex A.Chev.; Vég. Utiles Afrique Trop. Franç. 9: 87 (1917), in obs.

= Fagara klainei Pierre ex De Wild.; Pl. Bequaert. 3: 32 (1925), nomen

species :

Zanthoxylum dipetalum H.Mann; Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 10: 319 (1866)

Distribution: Hawaii (Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Hawaii Isl.)

63 HAW

Conservation Status: 1999 Conservation Status: Rare

Synonyms: hidden

= Connarus kavaiensis H.Mann

= Fagara dipetala (H.Mann) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 119 (1896)

= Fagara dipetala var. degeneri Skottsb.

= Fagara dipetala var. geminicarpa (Rock) H.St.John

= Fagara dipetala var. hillebrandii Sherff; Amer. J. Bot. 45: 462 (1958)

= Fagara dipetala var. mannii Sherff; Amer. J. Bot. 45: 462 (1958)

= Fagara waianensis O.Deg. & Skottsb.; Brittonia 2: 362 (1937)

= Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. degeneri (Skottsb.) H.St.John

= Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. geminicarpum Rock

= Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. hillebrandii (Sherff) H.St.John; Rhodora 78(813): 73 (1976)

= Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. mannii (Sherff) H.St.John; Rhodora 78(813): 73 (1976)

variant :

var. tomentosum Rock; Indig. Trees Haw. Isl. 209 (1913)

Distribution: Hawaii (Hawaii Isl.)

63 HAW

Conservation Status: 1999 Conservation Status: Endangered, USA Status: Endangered

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara dipetala var. tomentosa (Rock) Skottsb.; Acta Horti Gothob. 10: 117 (1936)

species :

Zanthoxylum dissitum Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 23(153): 106 (1886)

Distribution: China (S-Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, SW-Henan, Hubei, Hunan, S-Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara dissita (Hemsl.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 624 (1933)

= Zanthoxylum bodinieri H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13(363-367): 266 (1914)

variant :

var. acutiserratum C.C.Huang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16(2): 82 (1978)

Distribution: China (Sichuan)

36 CHI

variant :

var. hispidum (Reeder & S.Y.Cheo) C.C.Huang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 6(1): 78 (1957)

Distribution: China (Sichuan, Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara dissita var. hispida Reeder & S.Y.Cheo; J. Arnold Arbor. 32: 69 (1951)

variant :

var. lanciforme C.C.Huang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16(2): 82 (1978)

Distribution: China (Guangxi)

36 CHI

species :

Zanthoxylum diversifolium Warb.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 13: 339 (1891)

Distribution: New Guinea

42 NWG

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara diversifolia Warb. ex Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 118 (1896)

species :

Zanthoxylum djalma-batistae (Albuq.) P.G.Waterman; Taxon 24(2-3): 363 (1975)

Distribution: N-Brazil (Amazonas)

84 BRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara djalma-batistae Albuq.; Publ. Inst. Nac. Pesq. Amazonia Bot., No. 27, 9 (1968)

species :

Zanthoxylum dumosum A.Rich.; Sagra, Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl. Vasc. 327 (1841)

Name: Ayua dumosa (Cuba)

Distribution: Cuba

81 CUB

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara acunae (Alain) Borhidi & Kereszty; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 25: 12 (1979)

= Fagara dumosa (A.Rich.) Griseb.; Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts, n. s. 8: 170 (1861)

= Fagara dumosa var. stenophylla Griseb.; Cat. Pl. Cub. 48 (1866)

= Zanthoxylum acunae Alain; Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio "De La Salle" 9: 22 (1950)

= Zanthoxylum arnoldii Beurton; Feddes Repert. 98(1-2): 65 (1987)

= Zanthoxylum ignoratum Beurton; Feddes Repert. 98: 61 (1987)

= Zanthoxylum pseudodumosum Beurton; Feddes Repert. 98(1-2): 57 (1987)

= Zanthoxylum rolandii Beurton; Feddes Repert. 97(1-2): 35 (1986)

species :

Zanthoxylum echinocarpum Hemsl.; Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 9(33): 149-150 (1895)

Distribution: China (N-Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, W-Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, SE-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara echinocarpa (Hemsl.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 118 (1897)

variant :

var. tomentosum C.C.Huang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16(2): 82 (1978)

Distribution: China (Guangxi, Guizhou, SE-Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Zanthoxylum ekmanii (Urb.) Alain; Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio De La Salle No. 9, 24 (1950)

Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Veracruz); Guatemala; Belize; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Cuba; Venezuela (Bolívar, Delta Amacuro); French Guiana; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, La Paz, Santa Cruz); N-Brazil (Amapa, Pará, Acre, Rondônia); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso)

79 MEX 80 BLZ COS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 CUB 82 FRG VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara ekmanii Urb.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 20: 302 (1924)

= Zanthoxylum belizense Lundell; Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 6, 35 (1941)

= Zanthoxylum sobrevielae D.R.Simpson; Phytologia 51(5): 316 (1982)

species :

Zanthoxylum elegantissimum (Engl.) P.Wilson; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37: 85 (1910)

Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Guanajuato, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Veracruz)

79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara elegantissima Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 21: Beibl. 54: 25 (1896)

species :

Zanthoxylum eliasii D.M.Porter; J. Arnold Arbor. 53(3): 403 (1972)

Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia, Chocó)

82 CLM

species :

Zanthoxylum esquirolii H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13(363-367): 266 (1914)

Distribution: China (Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara chaffanjonii (H.Lév.) Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7(3): 625 (1933)

= Fagara esquirolii (H.Lév.) Hand.-Mazz.

= Zanthoxylum chaffanjonii H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13(363-367): 266 (1914)

species :

Zanthoxylum externum (Skottsb.) Stuessy

Distribution: Juan Fdz. Isl.

85 JNF

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara externa Skottsb.; Nat. Hist. Juan Fernandez & Easter Island 2: 143 (1922)

species :

Zanthoxylum fagara (L.) Sarg.; Gard. & Forest 3: 186 (1890)

subspecies :

subsp. fagara

Name: Lime pricklyash, Yellow sander, Satin wood

Distribution: USA (Florida, Texas); Bermuda; Mexico (Aguascalientes, Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatan, Zacatecas); Revillagigedos Isl. (Isla Clarion, Isla Socorro); Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Bahamas; Turks & Caicos Isl.; Cuba; Jamaica; Dominican Republic; Haiti; Puerto Rico; Anguilla; St. Martin/St. Maarten; St. Barthélémy; Antigua; Barbuda; Guadeloupe; Marie-Galante; Trinidad; Bonaire; Venezuela (Anzoategui, Apure, Aragua, Barinas, Bolívar, Carabobo, Delta Amacuro, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Falcon, Guarico, Miranda, Portuguesa, Sucre, Tachira, Yaracuy); ?French Guiana; Ecuador; Galapagos; Peru; Bolivia (Chuquisaca, Santa Cruz, Tarija); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul); S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Alto Paraná, Amambay, Caaguazu, Caazapa, Canindeyu, Central, Concepcion, Cordillera, Guaira, Itapua, Misiones, Paraguari, San Pedro); Uruguay (Artigas, Cerro Largo, Colonia, Lavalleja, Maldonado, Rivera, Rio Negro, Rocha, San Jose, Soriano, Tacuarembo, Treinta y Tres); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Chaco, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Misiones, Salta, Santa Fe)

77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX RGI 80 COS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 ABA AGU BAH BER BON CUB GDL HIS JAM PUE SBA STM TCI TRT 82 VEN 83 BOL ECU GAL PER 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara affinis (Kunth) Schult. & Schult.f.; Mant. 3: 224 (1827)

= Fagara culantrilo var. continentalis Krug & Urb.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 21(5): 574 (1896)

= Fagara culantrilo var. insularis Krug & Urb.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 21: 574 (1896)

= Fagara fagara (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 34 (1898)

= Fagara fagara (L.) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S.: 675 (1903), nom. inval.

= Fagara hiemalis (A.St.-Hil.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 117 (1896)

= Fagara inermis Willd.; Schult. & Schult.f., Mant. 3: 227 (1827)

= Fagara peckoltiana (Engl.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 117 (1896)

= Fagara peruviana Willd.; Schult. & Schult.f., Mant. 3: 228 (1827)

= Fagara pterota L.; Syst. Nat, ed. 10, 2: 897 (1759)

= Fagara pterota var. guarantica Chodat & Hassl.; Bull. Herb. Boissier ser. 2, 4: 1282 (1904)

= Fagaras fagara (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 34 (1898)

= Pterota fagara (L.) Crantz; Inst. Rei Herb. 2: 417 (1766)

= Schinus fagara L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 389 (1753) (Anacardiaceae)

= Zanthoxylum affine Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 6: 3 (1823)

= Zanthoxylum atoyacanum Lundell; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 19: 429 (1938)

= Zanthoxylum culantrilo var. paniculatum Engl.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 12(2): 154 (1874)

= Zanthoxylum fagara Sarg.; Gard. & Forest 3: 186 (1890)

= Zanthoxylum friesii P.G.Waterman; Taxon 25: 594 (1976)

= Zanthoxylum hyemale A.St.-Hil.; Pl. Usuel. Bras., t. 37 (1825)

= Zanthoxylum nicaraguense Standl. & L.O.Williams; Ceiba 3: 207 (1953)

= Zanthoxylum peckoltianum Engl.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 12(2): 155 (1874)

= Zanthoxylum praecox A.St.-Hil.; Fl. Bras. Merid. [A. St.-Hil.] 1: 76 (1825)

= Zanthoxylum pterota (L.) Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 6: 3 (1823)

= Zanthoxylum pterota var. guaranticum (Chodat & Hassl.) P.G.Waterman; Taxon 24(2-3): 364 (1975)

= Zanthoxylum pterotum St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 137 (1880)

= Zanthoxylum sonorense Lundell; Phytologia 1: 369 (1940)

= Zanthoxylum torreyi Unger; Chlor. Protogaea 90 (1844)

subspecies :

subsp. aguilarii (Standl. & Steyerm.) Reynel; Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 117: 190 (2017)

Distribution: Guatemala; Honduras

80 GUA HON

Synonyms: hidden

= Zanthoxylum aguilarii Standl. & Steyerm.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 146 (1940)

subspecies :

subsp. culantrilo (Kunth) Reynel; Phytoneuron 2015-22: 6 (2015)

Distribution: Jamaica; Colombia (Antioquia, Arauca, Boyacá, Cauca, Cundinamarca, Huila, Magdalena, Norte de Santander, Putumayo, San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina, Valle)

81 JAM 82 CLM SWC

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara culantrilo (Kunth) Schult. & Schult.f.; Mant. 3: 224 (1827)

= Zanthoxylum culantrilo Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 6: 2 (1823)

subspecies :

subsp. lentiscifolium (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Reynel ex C.Nelson; Cat. Pl. Vasc. Honduras 988 (2008)

Distribution: Bolivia; N-Brazil (Roraima, Rondônia); NE-Brazil (Pernambuco, Bahia); WC-Brazil; SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Chaco, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa Prov., Misiones, Santa Fe Prov.)

83 BOL 84 BRA 85 ARG

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara lentiscifolia Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.; Enum. Pl. [Willdenow] 1: 165 (1809)

= Zanthoxylum lentiscifolium (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Andersson; Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Handl. 1853: 244 (1855), nom. illeg.

species :

Zanthoxylum fauriei (Nakai) Ohwi; Fl. Jap. 709 (1953), sine relat. loc., Ohwi in Bull. Nat. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, No.33, 78 (1953)

Distribution: South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)

38 JAP KOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara fauriei Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 28: 305 (1914)

= Zanthoxylum shikokianum (Makino) Makino; Tokyo Bot. Mag. 6: 51 (1892)

= Fagara shikokiana Makino; Makino & Nemoto, Fl. Jap. ed. 1, 674 (1925), et Makino & Nemoto, Fl. Jap. ed. 2, 626 (1931), japonice.

species :

Zanthoxylum flavum Vahl; Eclog. Amer. 3: 48 (1807)

subspecies :

subsp. flavum

Name: West Indian satinwood; Yellow-wood (Bahamas), Aceitillo, Ayua baria, Ayua varia, Ayuda varia, Cerillo, Jobillo (Cuba), Espinilla, Espinillo, Una de gato (Dominican Republic), Misimieu, Musimieu, Mussimieu (Haiti), Jamaican satinwood (Jamaica), Alexander, Bois noyer, Noyer, Yellow sandalwood, Yellow sanders (Lesser Antilles), Aceitillo (Puerto Rico), Satinwood, Yellow sander (Virgin Isl.)

Distribution: USA (Florida); Mexico (Campeche, Quintana Roo, Veracruz, Yucatan); Honduras; Bahamas; Cuba; Cayman Isl.; Jamaica; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (St. John); Anguilla; St. Martin/St. Maarten; St. Barthélémy; Antigua; Barbuda; Guadeloupe; Marie-Galante; St. Lucia

78 USA 79 MEX 80 HON 81 ABA AGU BAH CAY CUB GDL HIS JAM PUE SBA STL STM VIR

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara dictyophylla Urb.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 20: 303 (1924)

= Fagara flava (Vahl) Krug & Urb.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 21: 571 (1896)

= Fagara organosia Urb.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 20: 302 (1924)

= Zanthoxylum caribaeum var. floridanum (Nutt.) A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 23: 225 (1888)

= Zanthoxylum cribrosum Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 1: 946 (1824)

= Zanthoxylum dictyophyllum (Urb.) Alain; Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio De La Salle No. 9, 24 (1950)

= Zanthoxylum floridanum Nutt.; N. Amer. Sylv. [Nuttall] 3: 14 (1849)

= Zanthoxylum organosium (Urb.) Alain; Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio De La Salle No. 9, 24 (1950)

subspecies :

subsp. duplicipunctatum (C.Wright ex Griseb.) Reynel; Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 117: 120 (2017)

Name: Bayuda, Bayua, Ayua varia, Ayua baria (Cuba)

Distribution: Cuba

81 CUB

Conservation Status: endangered (Red List of the Vascular Flora of Cuba)

Synonyms: hidden

= Zanthoxylum duplicipunctatum C.Wright ex Griseb.; Cat. Pl. Cub. 49 (1866)

= Fagara duplicipunctata (C.Wright ex Griseb.) Krug & Urb.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 21(5): 573 (1896)

subspecies :

subsp. pistaciifolium (Griseb.) Reynel; Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 117: 118 (2017)

Name: Pensador, Vencedor, Palo vencedor, Balsamo (Cuba)

Distribution: Cuba

81 CUB

Synonyms: hidden

= Zanthoxylum pistaciifolium Griseb.; Cat. Pl. Cub. 49 (1866)

= Fagara pistaciifolia (Griseb.) Krug & Urb.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 21: 573 (1896)

subspecies :

subsp. trichilioides (Standl.) Reynel; Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 117: 118 (2017)

Distribution: Mexico (Veracruz, Yucatan, etc.)

79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Zanthoxylum trichilioides Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 8: 16 (1930)

species :

Zanthoxylum foliolosum Donn.Sm.; Bot. Gaz. 18: (1893) I

Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Oaxaca, Puebla, San Luis Potosi, Veracruz); Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua

79 MEX 80 GUA HON NIC

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara foliolosa (Donn.Sm.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 118 (1896)

= Fagara harmsiana Loes.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 3: 96 (1903)

= Zanthoxylum harmsianum (Loes.) P.Wilson; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37: 86 (1910)

= Zanthoxylum limoniodorum Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 17: 371 (1938)

= Zanthoxylum nubium Standl. & Steyerm.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 243 (1940)

= Zanthoxylum suaveolens Lundell; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 20: 237 (1938)

species :

Zanthoxylum forbesii T.G.Hartley; J. Arnold Arbor. 47: 193 (1966)

Distribution: Sumatra

42 SUM

species :

Zanthoxylum formiciferum (Cuatrec.) P.G.Waterman; Taxon 24(2-3): 363 (1975)

Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia, Valle); Ecuador; Peru

82 CLM 83 ECU PER

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara formicifera Cuatrec.; Rev. Acad. Colombia. 8: 464 (1952)

species :

Zanthoxylum gardneri (Engl.) Engl.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 12(2): 165 (1860)

Distribution: N-Brazil (Pará); NE-Brazil (Maranhao, Piauí, Ceara, Pernambuco, Bahia)

84 BRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara gardneri Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 117 (1896)

species :

Zanthoxylum gentryi Reynel; Novon 5(4): 362 (1995)

Distribution: Colombia (Cauca, Valle)

82 CLM

species :

Zanthoxylum gillespieanum (A.C.Sm.) A.C.Sm.; Allertonia 1(6): 408 (1978)

Distribution: Fiji

60 FIJ

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara gillespieana A.C.Sm.; J. Arnold Arbor. 32: 228 (1951)

species :

Zanthoxylum gilletii (De Wild.) P.G.Waterman; Taxon 24(2-3): 363 (1975)

Distribution: Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Ivory Coast; Ghana; ?Togo; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Principe Isl.; São Tomé; Annobon Isl.; Equatorial Guinea; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; ?Burundi; South Sudan; W-Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; NW-Angola; Zambia; Malawi; E-Zimbabwe

22 BEN GHA GUI IVO LBR NGA SIE 23 ANN BIO CAF CMN CON EQG GAB PRI RWA SAO ZAI 24 ETH SSU 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW ZAM ZIM

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara amaniensis Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 54: 301 (1917)

= Fagara annobonensis Mildbr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 13: 700 (1937)

= Fagara discolor Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 54: 302 (1917)

= Fagara gilletii De Wild.; Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot., Sér. 5, 1: 271 (1906)

= Fagara gilletii var. cordata G.C.C.Gilbert; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 28: 378 (1958)

= Fagara inaequalis Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 54: 303 (1917), nom. illeg.

= Fagara iturensis Engl.; Wiss. Ergebn. Deut. Zentr.-Afr. Exped. (1907-1908), Bot. 2: 423 (1912)

= Fagara kivuense Lebrun; Publ. Inst. Nat. Etude Agron. D.R.Congo [Zaire]., Ser. Sci. No. 1 (Ess. For. Congo Belge, II: Ess. For. Reg. Mont. Congo Or.) 102 (1935)

= Fagara kivuensis Lebrun ex G.C.C.Gilbert; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 28: 379 (1958)

= Fagara macrophylla (Oliv.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 118 (1896)

= Fagara macrophylla var. adamaouensis Aubrév.

= Fagara macrophylla var. preussii Engl. ex De Wild.; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 5: 278 (1919)

= Fagara melanorhachis Hoyle; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1933: 174 (1933)

= Fagara obliquefoliolata Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engl. & Prantl], ed. 2, 19a: 222 (1931)

= Fagara rigidifolia Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 54: 303 (1917), nom. illeg.

= Fagara tessmannii Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 46: 406 (1911)

= Zanthoxylum gilletii var. cordata G.C.C.Gilbert

= Zanthoxylum gummiferum A.Chev.

= Zanthoxylum horridum Welw. ex Ficalho; non DC.

= Zanthoxylum macrophyllum Oliv.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 1: 304 (1868) non Nutt. 1849

= Zanthoxylum melanorhachis (Hoyle) Little; Phytologia 6: 506 (1959)

= Zanthoxylum tessmannii (Engl.) Ayafor; Pl. Med. 50(3): 210 (1984)

species :

Zanthoxylum glomeratum C.C.Huang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16(2): 82-83 (1978)

Distribution: China (Guangxi, SE-Guizhou)

36 CHI

species :

Zanthoxylum grandifolium Tul.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 3, 7: 273 (1847)

Distribution: Colombia (Quindio)

82 CLM

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara grandifolia (Tul.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 117 (1896)

species :

Zanthoxylum haitiense (Urb.) J.Jiménez Alm.; Rhodora 62: 236 (1960)

Distribution: Hispaniola (Haiti)

81 HIS

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara haitiensis Urb.; Ark. Bot. 17(7): 34 (1922)

species :

Zanthoxylum hamadryadicum Pirani; Brittonia 45(2): 154 (1993)

Distribution: NE-Brazil (Piauí, Ceara, Pernambuco, Bahia)

84 BRA

species :

Zanthoxylum harrisii P.Wilson; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 48: 340 (1922)

Distribution: Panama; Jamaica

80 PAN 81 JAM

Conservation Status: IUCN V

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara harrisii (P.Wilson ex Britton) Adams; Phytologia 20: 311 (1970)

species :

Zanthoxylum hawaiiense Hillebr.; Fl. Hawaiian Isl. [Hillebrand] 76 (1888)

Distribution: Hawaii (Kauai, Molokai, +Lanai, Maui, Hawaii Isl.)

63 HAW

Conservation Status: 1999 Conservation Status: Endangered, USA Status: Endangered

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara bluettiana (Rock) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 19a: 224 (1931)

= Fagara hawaiiensis (Hillebr.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 119 (1896)

= Fagara hawaiiensis var. citriodora (Rock) Sherff

= Fagara hawaiiensis var. subacuta Sherff; Amer. J. Bot. 45: 462 (1958)

= Fagara hawaiiensis var. velutinosa (Rock) Sherff

= Zanthoxylum bluettianum Rock; Indig. Trees Haw. Isl. 201 (1913)

= Zanthoxylum hawaiiense var. citriodora Rock

= Zanthoxylum hawaiiense var. subacutum (Sherff) H.St.John; Rhodora 78(813): 73 (1976)

= Zanthoxylum hawaiiense var. velutinosum Rock

species :

Zanthoxylum heitzii (Aubrév. & Pellegr.) P.G.Waterman; Taxon 24(2-3): 363 (1975)

Distribution: Cameroon; Equatorial Guinea; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; W-D.R.Congo [Zaire]

23 CMN CON EQG GAB ZAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara brieyi Vermoesen ex G.C.C.Gilbert; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 28: 377 (1958)

= Fagara heitzii Aubrév. & Pellegr.; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 14: 60 (1950)

species :

Zanthoxylum heterophyllum (Lam.) Sm.; Cycl. [A.Rees] 39: n. 14 (1818)

Distribution: Mauritius; La Réunion; +Rodrigues

29 MAU REU ROD

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara heterophylla Lam.; Encyc. 2: 445 (1788)

species :

Zanthoxylum holtzianum (Engl.) P.G.Waterman; Taxon 24(2-3): 364 (1975)

Distribution: SE-Kenya; E-Tanzania; Mozambique

25 KEN TAN 26 MOZ

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara holtziana Engl.; Jahrb. 36: 242 (1905)

= Fagara holtziana var. puguensis Engl.; Veg. Erde [Engler & Drude] 9 (Pflanzenw. Afr.) 3(1): 748 (1915)

= Fagara somalensis Chiov.; Fl. Somala 2: 48 (1932)

= Zanthoxylum somalense (Chiov.) P.G.Waterman; Taxon 24(2-3): 365 (1975)

species :

Zanthoxylum huangianum Z.H.Chen & Feng Chen; J. Hangzhou Norm. Univ., Nat. Sci. Ed. 19(6): [96-102] (2020)

Distribution: China

36 CHI

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Zanthoxylum huberi P.G.Waterman; Taxon 24(2-3): 366 (1975), nom. nov.

Distribution: Colombia (Putumayo); Venezuela (Bolívar); Peru; N-Brazil (Amapa, Pará, Amazonas, Rondônia); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso)

82 CLM VEN 83 PER 84 BRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara caudata Huber; Bol. Mus. Paraense Emilio Goeldi 5: 422 (1909)

species :

Zanthoxylum humile (E.A.Bruce) P.G.Waterman; Taxon 24(2-3): 364 (1975)

Distribution: S-Zimbabwe; S-Mozambique; South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga)

26 MOZ ZIM 27 SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara humilis E.A.Bruce; Bothalia 6: 234 (1951)

species :

Zanthoxylum impressinervium Reynel; Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 117: 162 (2017)

Distribution: Colombia

82 CLM

species :

Zanthoxylum impressocordatum Reynel; Novon 28(1): 3 (2020)

Distribution: Colombia

82 CLM

species :

Zanthoxylum integrifoliolum (Merr.) Merr.; Enum. Philipp. Fl. Pl. 2: 327 (1923)

Distribution: Taiwan (Lan Yu Isl.); Borneo; Philippines (Batan, Luzon to Mindoro, Sibuyan, Samar)

38 TAI 42 BOR PHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara integrifoliola Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci. 1(Suppl. 1): 68 (1906)

species :

Zanthoxylum insulare Rose; U.S.D.A. N. Am. Faun. 24: 79 (1899)

Distribution: Cuba; Jamaica; Hispaniola

81 CUB HIS JAM

Conservation Status: IUCN E

Synonyms: hidden

= Zanthoxylum nigrescens (Urb. & Ekman) Jiménez; Rhodora 62: 237 (1960)

= Fagara nigrescens Urb. & Ekman; Ark. Bot. 22A(8): 53 (1929)

= Zanthoxylum atratum Alain; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 21(2): 120 (1971), nom. nov. illeg.

= Fagara culantrillo var. insularis Krug & Urb.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 21: 57 (1896)

species :

Zanthoxylum integrum Aver.; Pl. Diversity Fl. Veg. Bat Dai Son 303 (2021)

Distribution: Vietnam

41 VIE

species :

Zanthoxylum kallunkiae Reynel; Novon 30(1): 51 (2022)

Distribution: Ecuador

83 ECU

species :

Zanthoxylum kauaense A.Gray; Bot. U. St. Expl. Exped. 1: 354 (1854)

Distribution: Hawaii (Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Lanai, Maui, Hawaii Isl.)

63 HAW

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara glandulosa (Hillebr.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 119 (1896)

= Fagara glandulosa var. hiloensis Sherff; Amer. J. Bot. 45: 462 (1958)

= Fagara kauaensis (A.Gray) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 119 (1896)

= Fagara kauaensis var. kohalana Sherff; Amer. J. Bot. 45: 461 (1958)

= Fagara kauaensis var. tenuifolia O.Deg. & Sherff; Amer. J. Bot. 45: 461 (1958)

= Fagara maviensis (H.Mann) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 119 (1896)

= Fagara maviensis var. anceps (Rock) H.St.John

= Fagara maviensis var. cranwelliae Skottsb.

= Fagara maviensis var. kaalana Sherff; Amer. J. Bot. 45: 462 (1958)

= Fagara maviensis var. lanaiensis Sherff; Amer. J. Bot. 45: 462 (1958)

= Fagara maviensis var. maunahuiensis Sherff; Amer. J. Bot. 45: 462 (1958)

= Fagara maviensis var. rigida (Rock) Sherff

= Fagara multiflora Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 117 (1896)

= Fagara multifoliolata O.Deg. & Skottsb.; Acta Horti Gothob. 10: 115 (1935 publ. 1936), nom. illeg.

= Fagara semiarticulata (H.St.John & Hosaka) O.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] Fam. 179 (1936), Skottsb. in Acta Horti Gothob.10: 115 (1935) (1936)

= Fagara semiarticulata f. laiense O.Deg.

= Fagara semiarticulata var. sessilis O.Deg.

= Fagara skottsbergii O.Deg. & I.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] Fam. 179 (1960)

= Zanthoxylum glandulosum Hillebr.; Fl. Hawaiian Isl. [Hillebrand] 74 (1888)

= Zanthoxylum hillebrandii P.G.Waterman; Taxon 24(2-3): 365 (1975) (nom. nov.)

= Zanthoxylum hillebrandii var. hiloense (Sherff) H.St.John; Rhodora 78(813): 73 (1976)

= Zanthoxylum kauaense var. kohalanum (Sherff) H.St.John; Rhodora 78(813): 73 (1976)

= Zanthoxylum kauaense var. kohuanum (Skottsb.) H.St.John; List & Summary Fl. Pl. Hawaiian Isl. (Pac. Trop. Bot. Gard., Mem. 1): 206 (1973)

= Zanthoxylum kauaense var. tenuifolium (O.Deg. & Sherff) H.St.John; Rhodora 78(813): 73 (1976)

= Zanthoxylum kauaense var. tenuifolium (O.Deg. ex Sherff) H.St.John

= Zanthoxylum maviense f. glabrum Rock

= Zanthoxylum maviense f. petiolulatum Rock

= Zanthoxylum maviense H.Mann; Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 10: 319 (1866)

= Zanthoxylum maviense var. anceps Rock

= Zanthoxylum maviense var. cranwelliae (Skottsb.) H.St.John; List & Summary Fl. Pl. Hawaiian Isl. (Pac. Trop. Bot. Gard., Mem. 1)

= Zanthoxylum maviense var. kaalanum (Sherff) H.St.John; Rhodora 78(813): 73 (1976)

= Zanthoxylum maviense var. lanaiense (Sherff) H.St.John; Rhodora 78(813): 74 (1976)

= Zanthoxylum maviense var. maunahuiense (Sherff) H.St.John; Rhodora 78(813): 74 (1976)

= Zanthoxylum maviense var. rigidum Rock

= Zanthoxylum molokaiense B.C.Stone; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 137(2): 213 (1985)

= Zanthoxylum semiarticulatum f. laiense (O.Deg.) Fosberg

= Zanthoxylum semiarticulatum H.St.John & Hosaka ex O.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] Fam. 179 (1932)

= Zanthoxylum semiarticulatum var. sessilis (O.Deg.) Fosberg

= Zanthoxylum skottsbergii (O.Deg. & I.Deg.) H.St.John; List & Summary Fl. Pl. Hawaiian Isl. (Pac. Trop. Bot. Gard, Mem. 1) 207 (1973)

= Zanthoxylum skottsbergii (O.Deg. & I.Deg.) P.G.Waterman; Taxon 24(2-3): 365 (1975)

species :

Zanthoxylum khasianum Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 1(3): 494 (1875)

Distribution: China (W-Yunnan); NE-India (Assam)

36 CHI 40 IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara khasyana (Hook.f.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 118 (1896)

= Zanthoxylum yunnanense C.C.Huang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 6(1): 59-60, t. 11 (1957)

species :

Zanthoxylum kleinii (R.S.Cowan) P.G.Waterman; Taxon 24(2-3): 364 (1975)

Distribution: S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina)

84 BRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara kleinii R.S.Cowan; Sellowia No. 12, 84 (1960)

species :

Zanthoxylum kwangsiensis (Hand.-Mazz.) Chun ex C.C.Huang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 6(1): 71 (1957)

Distribution: China (Guangxi, Guizhou, Chongqing)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara kwangsiensis Hand.-Mazz.; Sinensia 3(8): 186 (1933)

species :

Zanthoxylum laetum Drake; J. Bot. [Morot] 6: 274 (1892)

Distribution: China (Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan); Vietnam

36 CHI 41 VIE

Synonyms: hidden

= Zanthoxylum dissitoides C.C.Huang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 6(1): 78-80, t. 18 (1957)

species :

Zanthoxylum laurentii (De Wild.) P.G.Waterman; Taxon 24(2-3): 364 (1975)

Distribution: Congo [Brazzaville]; D.R.Congo [Zaire]

23 CON ZAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara laurentii De Wild.; Enum. Pl. Laurent, 124 (1905)

species :

Zanthoxylum leiboicum C.C.Huang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16(2): 82 (1978)

Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Zanthoxylum calcicola var. macrocarpum C.C.Huang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 6(1): 67 (1957)

species :

Zanthoxylum lemairei (De Wild.) P.G.Waterman; Taxon 24(2-3): 364 (1975)

Distribution: S-Nigeria; Cameroon; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Uganda

22 NGA 23 CAF CMN CON GAB ZAI 25 UGA

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara gracilifolia Mildbr. ex Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 19a: 221 (1931)

= Fagara lemairei De Wild.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 380 (1914)

= Fagara unwinii Hutch. & Dalziel; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1929: 24 (1929)

species :

Zanthoxylum lenticellosum (Urb. & Ekman) Jiménez; Rhodora 62: 237 (1960)

Distribution: Hispaniola (Dominican Republic)

81 HIS

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara lenticellosa Urb. & Ekman; Ark. Bot. 24A(4): 13 (1932)

species :

Zanthoxylum lenticulare Reynel; Novon 5(4): 364 (1995)

Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia); Venezuela (Tachira, Zulia)

82 CLM VEN

species :

Zanthoxylum lepidopteriphilum Reynel; Novon 5(4): 365 (1995)

Distribution: Ecuador; Peru

83 ECU PER

species :

Zanthoxylum leprieurii Guill. & Perr.; Fl. Seneg. Tent. 141 (1832)

Name: Sand Knobwood

Distribution: Senegal; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Equatorial Guinea; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; SW-Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; South Sudan; W-Ethiopia; Uganda; SE-Tanzania; Angola; S-Zambia; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal); Eswatini [Swaziland]

22 BEN BKN GHA GNB GUI IVO LBR NGA SEN SIE 23 CAF CMN CON EQG GAB RWA ZAI 24 ETH SSU 25 TAN UGA 26 ANG MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 SAF SWZ

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara angolensis Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 23: 148 (1897)

= Fagara attiensis Hutch. & Dalziel; Fl. W. Trop. Afr. [Hutchinson & Dalziel] 1: 481 (1928)

= Fagara beniensis Engl.; Wiss. Ergebn. Deut. Zentr.-Afr. Exped. (1907-1908), Bot. 2: 423 (1912)

= Fagara kelekete De Wild.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 380 (1914)

= Fagara kibomboensis De Wild.; Pl. Bequaert. 3: 31 (1925)

= Fagara leprieurii (Guill. & Perr.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 118 (1896)

= Fagara nitens (Hiern) Engl.; Veg. Erde [Engler & Drude] 9 (Pflanzenw. Afr.) 3(1): 749 (1915)

= Fagara olung Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 46(3): 406 (1911)

= Fagara polyacantha Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 23(1-2): 148 (1896)

= Fagara stuhlmannii (Engl.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 118 (1896)

= Zanthoxylum nitens Hiern; Cat. Afr. Pl. (Hiern) 1: 112 (1898)

= Zanthoxylum stuhlmannii Engl.; Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas, C 227 (1895)

species :

Zanthoxylum leratii Guillaumin; Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, Ser. 2, 6: 305 (1934)

Distribution: New Caledonia

60 NWC

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara leratii (Guillaumin) Guillaumin; Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, Ser. 2, 10: 433 (1938)

species :

Zanthoxylum liboense C.C.Huang; Guihaia 7(1): 6-7 (1987)

Distribution: China (S-Guizhou)

36 CHI

species :

Zanthoxylum limoncello Planch. & Oerst. ex Triana & Planch.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 5, 14: 312 (1872)

Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla, Veracruz); Honduras; Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia (Huila)

79 MEX 80 COS HON PAN 82 CLM

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara costaricensis Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 21(5, Beibl. 54): 25 (1896)

= Fagara foetida (Rose) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 19a: 218 (1931)

= Fagara liebmanniana Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 21(5, Beibl. 54): 20 (1896)

= Fagara limoncello (Planch. & Oerst.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 117 (1896)

= Fagara uhdei Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst., Beibl. 54: 22 (1896)

= Zanthoxylum costaricense Sm.; Bot. Gaz. 13: 190 (1888)

= Zanthoxylum foetidum Rose; U.S.D.A. Contr. Nat. Herb. 5: 112 (1897)

= Zanthoxylum liebmannianum (Engl.) P.Wilson; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37: 85 (1910)

= Zanthoxylum longipes Rose; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 5: 163 (1899)

= Zanthoxylum pterota Seem.; Bot. Voy. Herald [Seemann] 3: 94 (1853) non Kunth

species :

Zanthoxylum lindense (Engl.) Kokwaro; Kew Bull. 32(4): 798 (1978)

Distribution: E-Tanzania

25 TAN

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara lindensis Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 46: 407 (1911)

species :

Zanthoxylum macranthum (Hand.-Mazz.) C.C.Huang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 6(1): 70 (1957)

Distribution: China (Guizhou, Chongqing, W-Hubei, SW-Henan, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan); SE-Tibet

36 CHI TIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara macrantha Hand.-Mazz.; Sinensia 5(1-2): 17 (1934)

species :

Zanthoxylum madagascariense Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 25: 303 (1889)

Distribution: Madagascar

29 MDG

species :

Zanthoxylum magnifasciculatum Reynel; Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 117: 164 (2017)

Distribution: Venezuela

82 VEN

species :

Zanthoxylum magnifructum Reynel; Novon 28(1): 7 (2020)

Distribution: Colombia

82 CLM

species :

Zanthoxylum mananarense H.Perrier; Mem. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. 2, 67(3): 9 (1948)

Distribution: Madagascar

29 MDG

species :

Zanthoxylum mantaro (J.F.Macbr.) J.F.Macbr.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 13(3): 666 (1949)

Distribution: Ecuador; Peru

83 ECU PER

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara mantaro J.F.Macbr.; Candollea 5: 372 (1934)

species :

Zanthoxylum maranionense Reynel; Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 117: 70 (2017)

Distribution: Peru (Amazonas, Cajamarca, San Martin)

83 PER

species :

Zanthoxylum marionense Reynel; Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 117: 70 (2017)

Distribution: Peru

83 PER

species :

Zanthoxylum martinicense (Lam.) DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 726 (1824)

subspecies :

subsp. martinicense

Name: White pricklyash, Ayua blanca, Yellow prickle

Distribution: Cuba; Jamaica; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Navassa Isl.; Virgin Isl. (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola); Saba; St. Eustatius; Antigua; Guadeloupe; Marie-Galante; Dominica; St. Lucia; Trinidad; Venezuela (Bolívar, Delta Amacuro, Falcon, Yaracuy); Ecuador

81 ABA CUB DOM GDL HIS JAM NAV PUE SAB STE STL TRT VIR 82 VEN 83 ECU

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara juglandifolia (Willd.) Krug & Urb.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 21: 587 (1896)

= Fagara martinicensis Lam.; Illustr. 1: 334 (1792)

= Zanthoxylum album Vahl; Eclog. Amer. 3: 47 (1807)

= Zanthoxylum ayua M.Gómez; Bol. Secr. Agric. Comerc. Trab., Cuba 22: 72 (1914)

= Zanthoxylum berteroanum (DC.) M.Gómez; Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 19: 228 (1890)

= Zanthoxylum juglandifolium var. berteroanum DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 727 (1824)

= Zanthoxylum juglandifolium Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3(1): 756 (1806)

= Zanthoxylum lanceolatum Poir.; Encycl. [J. Lamarck et al.] Suppl. 2: 293 (1811)

subspecies :

subsp. amoyense (Tul.) Reynel; Phytoneuron 2015-22: 6 (2015)

Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia, Caldas, Cauca, La Guajira, Valle); etc.

82 CLM

Synonyms: hidden

= Zanthoxylum amoyense Tul.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 3, 7: 277 (1847)

= Fagara amoyensis (Tul.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 117 (1896)

subspecies :

subsp. guairaense Reynel; Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 117: 143 (2017)

Distribution: Venezuela

82 VEN

species :

Zanthoxylum mauriifolium Reynel; Novon 28(1): 11 (2020)

Distribution: Ecuador

83 ECU

species :

Zanthoxylum mayu Bertero; Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 21: 345 (1830)

Name: Mayu, naranjillo, palo amarillo [Chile]

Distribution: Juan Fdz. Isl.

85 JNF

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara lutea (Molina) Gunckel; Not. Mens. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. 17(197): 6 (1972)

= Fagara mayu (Bertol.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 118 (1896)

species :

Zanthoxylum megistophyllum (B.L.Burtt) T.G.Hartley; J. Arnold Arbor. 47: 193 (1966)

Distribution: Solomon Isl. (Bougainville)

43 SOL

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara megistophylla B.L.Burtt; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 301 (1935)

species :

Zanthoxylum melanostictum Schltdl. & Cham.; Linnaea 5: 231 (1830)

Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Colima, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Oaxaca, Puebla, Tabasco, Veracruz); Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia (Antioquia, Cundinamarca, La Guajira); Venezuela (Merida, Tachira); Ecuador; Peru

79 MEX 80 COS GUA HON NIC PAN 82 CLM VEN 83 ECU PER

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara bijuga Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 21(5, Beibl. 54): 23 (1896)

= Fagara crassifolia Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 21(5, Beibl. 54): 21 (1896)

= Fagara melanosticta (Schltdl. & Cham.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 117 (1896)

= Zanthoxylum bijugum (Engl.) P.Wilson; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37: 86 (1910)

= Zanthoxylum chiriquinum Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 18: 569 (1937)

= Zanthoxylum durifoliolum Lundell; Wrightia 5(6): 163 (1975)

= Zanthoxylum pallidum Steyerm.; Fieldiana, Bot. 28(2): 273 (1952)

= Zanthoxylum paucijugum Lundell; Wrightia 5(6): 164 (1975)

= Zanthoxylum scheryi Lundell; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 38: 431 (1841)

= Zanthoxylum tachirense Steyerm.; Fieldiana, Bot. 28(2): 274 (1952)

= Zanthoxylum xicense Miranda; An. Inst. Biol., Mexico 17: 130 (1946)

species :

Zanthoxylum mezoneurispinosum (Aké Assi) W.D.Hawth.; Woody Pl. W. African Forests 712 (2006)

Distribution: Ivory Coast; Ghana

22 GHA IVO

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara mezoneuri-spinosa Aké Assi; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 30: 400 (1960)

= Zanthoxylum crenatum A.Chev.; Explor. Bot. Afrique Occ. Franc. 1: 99 (1920), nomen. et ex Hutch. & Dalziel, Fl. W. Trop. Afr. [Hutchinson & Dalziel] 1: 481 (1928), in syn., non Wall.

species :

Zanthoxylum micranthum Hemsl.; Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 9(33): 147-148 (1895)

Distribution: China (Guizhou, SW-Henan, W-Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara biondii Pamp.; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. s. 17(3): 406 (1910)

= Fagara micrantha (Hemsl.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 118 (1897)

species :

Zanthoxylum mildbraedii (Engl.) P.G.Waterman; Taxon 24(2-3): 364 (1975)

Distribution: E-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Uganda; W-Kenya

23 RWA ZAI 25 KEN UGA

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara mildbraedii Engl.; Wiss. Ergebn. Deutsch. Zentr.-Afr.-Exped. 1907-8 2: 425 (1912)

species :

Zanthoxylum molle Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 8(3): 150-151 (1927)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Hubei, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Euodia mollicoma Hu & F.H.Chen; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 1(2): 225-226 (1951)

= Fagara mollis (Rehder) Reeder & S.Y.Cheo; J. Arnold Arbor. 32(1): 69 (1951)

species :

Zanthoxylum mollissimum (Engl.) P.Wilson; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37: 86 (1910)

Distribution: Honduras; Nicaragua

80 HON NIC

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara dugandii (Standl.) Dugand; Caldasia 4: 55 (1946)

= Fagara mollissima Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 21(5, Beibl. 54): 22 (1896)

= Zanthoxylum anodynum Ant.Molina; Ceiba 3: 166 (1953)

= Zanthoxylum dugandii Standl.; Trop. Woods, No. 42, 24 (1935)

= Zanthoxylum ferrugineum Radlk. ex Donn.Sm.; Bot. Gaz. 24: 391

= Zanthoxylum matudae Lundell; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 20: 236 (1938)

species :

Zanthoxylum monogynum A.St.-Hil.; Bull. Soc. Philom. 129 (1823)

subspecies :

subsp. monogynum

Distribution: Bolivia (Santa Cruz); NE-Brazil (Pernambuco, Bahia, Alagoas); WC-Brazil (Goiás); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Paraná)

83 BOL 84 BRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara arenaria (Engl.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 117 (1896)

= Fagara monogyna (A.St.-Hil.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 117 (1896)

= Fagara pauciflora (Engl.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 117 (1896)

= Fagara pohliana (Engl.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 117 (1896)

= Fagara tuberculata (Engl.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 117 (1896)

= Langsdorfia instrumentaria Leandro; Denkschr. Königl. Akad. Wiss. München 7: 229 (1819)

= Zanthoxylum arenarium Engl.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 12(2): 164 (1860)

= Zanthoxylum pauciflorum Engl.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 12(2): 164 (1860)

= Zanthoxylum pohlianum Engl.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 12(2): 166 (1860)

= Zanthoxylum tuberculatum Engl.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 12(2): 166 (1860)

subspecies :

subsp. bolivianum Reynel; Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 117: 98 (2017)

Distribution: Bolivia (Santa Cruz)

83 BOL

subspecies :

subsp. paraense Reynel; Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 117: 99 (2017)

Distribution: N-Brazil (Pará)

84 BRA

species :

Zanthoxylum motuoense C.C.Huang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16(2): 83, t. 1 (1978)

Distribution: SE-Tibet (Medog)

36 TIB

species :

Zanthoxylum multijugum Franch.; Pl. Delavay. 124 (1889)

Distribution: China (Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara mengtzeana Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 5(4): 228 (1924)

= Fagara multijuga (Franch.) Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 6(3): 142 (1925)

= Zanthoxylum multifoliolatum Hemsl.; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 26(4): t. 2595 (1899)

species :

Zanthoxylum myriacanthum Wall. ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 1(3): 496 (1875)

Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, SE-Guizhou, Hainan, S-Hunan, Jiangxi, S-Yunnan, S-Zhejiang); Bhutan; India (Assam, Nagaland, Sikkim); Bangladesh; Myanmar; Laos; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Penang, Perak, Pahang, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, Melaka); Sumatra; Borneo; Philippines (Leyte, Samar)

36 CHI 40 BAN BHU IND 41 LAO MYA VIE 42 BOR MLY PHI SUM

Synonyms: hidden

= Euodia odorata H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9(222-226): 458 (1911)

= Fagara diabolica (Elmer) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 19a: 220 (1931)

= Fagara gigantea Hand.-Mazz.; Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 1921: 64 (1921)

= Fagara myriacantha (Wall. ex Hook.f.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 118 (1896)

= Fagara odorata (H.Lév.) Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7(3): 623-624 (1933)

= Fagara rhetsoides (Drake) Reeder & S.Y.Cheo; J. Arnold Arbor. 32(1): 69 (1951)

= Zanthoxylum diabolicum Elmer; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 2: 477 (1908)

= Zanthoxylum giganteum (Hand.-Mazz.) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 8(3): 151 (1927)

= Zanthoxylum longifolium Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 7115 (1832), nom. inval.

= Zanthoxylum odoratum (H.Lév.) H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13(363-367): 266 (1914)

= Zanthoxylum rhetsoides Drake; J. Bot. [Morot] 6(15-16): 275 (1892)

variant :

var. pubescens (C.C.Huang) C.C.Huang; Guihaia 11(1): 9 (1991)

Distribution: China (Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Zanthoxylum rhetsoides var. pubescens C.C.Huang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 6(1): 48 (1957)

= Zanthoxylum utile C.C.Huang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 6(1): 48-49 (1957)

species :

Zanthoxylum myrianthum (A.C.Sm.) P.G.Waterman; Taxon 24(2-3): 364 (1975)

Distribution: Fiji

60 FIJ

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara myriantha A.C.Sm.; J. Arnold Arbor. 32: 229 (1951)

species :

Zanthoxylum nadeaudii Drake; Ill. Fl. Ins. Mar. Pacif. (1890) 130, et Fl. Polyn. Franc. 24 (1892)

Distribution: Society Isl. (Tahiti, Raiatea, Tahaa)

61 SCI

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara nadeaudii (Drake) J.W.Moore; Bull. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 226, 7 (1963)

species :

Zanthoxylum nashii P.Wilson; Torreya 8: 138 (1908)

Distribution: Cuba; Dominican Republic; Haiti

81 CUB HIS

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara nannophylla Urb.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 20: 303 (1924)

= Fagara nashii (P.Wilson) Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 8: 320 (1920)

= Zanthoxylum nannophyllum (Urb.) Alain; Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio De La Salle No. 9, 24 (1950)

species :

Zanthoxylum nebuletorum (Herzog) P.G.Waterman; Taxon 24(2-3): 364 (1975)

Distribution: Bolivia (Santa Cruz)

83 BOL

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara nebuletorum Herzog; Meded. Herb. Leid. No. 27, 79 (1915)

species :

Zanthoxylum nemorale Mart.; Flora (Regensburg) 24(2. Beibl.): 91 (1841)

Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo)

84 BRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara nemoralis (Mart.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 117 (1896)

species :

Zanthoxylum neocaledonicum Baker f.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 45: 283 (1921)

Distribution: New Caledonia

60 NWC

species :

Zanthoxylum nigrum Mart.; Flora (Regensburg) 22(1. Beibl.): 11 (1839)

Distribution: Brazil (Bahia, Rio de Janeiro)

84 BRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara eichleri Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst., Beibl. 54: 22 (1896)

= Fagara elegans (A.St.-Hil. & Tul.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 117 (1896)

= Fagara glazioviana Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst., Beibl. 54: 21 (1896)

= Fagara nigra (Mart.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 117 (1896)

= Zanthoxylum elegans A.St.-Hil. & Tul.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 17: 141 (1842)

species :

Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 727 (1824)

Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, S-Guizhou, Hainan, S-Hunan, Yunnan, S-Zhejiang); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; Nepal; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, West Bengal); Bangladesh; Andaman Isl.; Myanmar (Kachin, Sagaing); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Perak, Pahang, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan); Singapore; Sumatra (Anambas Isl.); Borneo; Sulawesi; Philippines (Luzon, Leyte, Mindanao); Java; Moluccas; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Solomon Isl.; Australia (NE-Queensland)

36 CHI 38 NNS TAI 40 BAN IND NEP 41 AND CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 BOR JAW MLY MOL NWG PHI SNG SUL SUM 43 SOL 50 AUS

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara hamiltoniana (Wall.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 118 (1896)

= Fagara hirtella (Ridl.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 19a: 221 (1931)

= Fagara nitida Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 11 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Carey & Wallich ed.] 1: 439 (1820), Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 1: 419 (1832)

= Fagara piperita Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 1: 101 (1790)

= Fagara torva (F.Muell.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 119 (1896)

= Fagara warburgii G.Perkins; Fragm. Fl. Philipp. [Perkins] 3: 160 (1905)

= Zanthoxylum asperum var. glabrum C.C.Huang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 6(1): 76 (1957)

= Zanthoxylum hamiltonianum Wall. ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 1(3): 494 (1875)

= Zanthoxylum hirtellum Ridl.; J. Fed. Malay States Mus. 10: 131 (1920)

= Zanthoxylum nitidum f. fastuosum F.C.How ex Huang; Fl. Hainan. 3: 32, 573, f. 544 (1974)

= Zanthoxylum torvum F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 7: 140 (1871)

variant :

var. tomentosum C.C.Huang; Guihaia 7(1): 5-6 (1987)

Distribution: China (SE-Guangxi)

36 CHI

species :

Zanthoxylum novoguineense T.G.Hartley; J. Arnold Arbor. 56(3): 369 (1975)

Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)

42 NWG

species :

Zanthoxylum oahuense Hillebr.; Fl. Hawaiian Isl. [Hillebrand] 75 (1888)

Distribution: Hawaii (Oahu)

63 HAW

Conservation Status: 1999 Conservation Status: Rare, USA Status: Candidate

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara oahuensis (Hillebr.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 119 (1896)

species :

Zanthoxylum oreophilum (Guillaumin) P.G.Waterman; Taxon 24(2-3): 364 (1975)

Distribution: New Caledonia

60 NWC

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara oreophila Guillaumin; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 85: 297 (1938)

species :

Zanthoxylum ovalifolium Wight; Ill. Ind. B. 1: 169 (1839)

Distribution: Nepal; India (Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Karnataka, Kerala, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal); Bangladesh; Andaman Isl. (Middle Andaman Isl., South Andaman Isl.); Myanmar (Kachin, Sagaing); peninsular Malaysia; Palawan; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl.; Moluccas; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Australia (NE-Queensland)

40 BAN IND NEP 41 AND MYA 42 JAW LSI MLY MOL NWG PLW 50 AUS

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara ovalifolia (Wight) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 118 (1896)

= Fagara varians Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 292 (1927)

= Limonia leptostachya Jack ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 1: 492 (1875)

= Toddalia mitis Miq. ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 1: 492 (1875)

= Zanthoxylum dominianum Merr. & L.M.Perry; J. Arnold Arbor. 22: 32 (1941)

= Zanthoxylum inerme C.T.White & W.D.Francis; Bot. Bull. Dept. Agric. Queensland 22: 6 (1920), nom. illeg.

= Zanthoxylum lucidum Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 1212 (1829), nom. inval.

= Zanthoxylum ovalifolium var. sepiarium (Wight) Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 1: 492 (1875)

= Zanthoxylum sepiarium Wight; Illustr. Ind. Bot. 1: 169 (1840)

= Zanthoxylum suberosum C.T.White; Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland 53: 208 (1942)

= Zanthoxylum varians Domin; (1927) non Benth.

= Zanthoxylum wallichianum Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 797 (1841), nom. inval.

species :

Zanthoxylum ovatifoliolatum (Engl.) Finkelstein; Bothalia 12(4): 637 (1979)

Name: Ovambo Knobwood

Distribution: SW-Angola; NW-Namibia

26 ANG 27 NAM

Synonyms: hidden

= Zanthoxylum citriodorum Welw. ex Hiern; Cat. Welw. Afr. Pl. 1: 114 (1896)

= Fagara ovatifoliolata Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 23: 150 (1897)

species :

Zanthoxylum oxyphyllum Edgew.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 20(1): 42-43 (1846)

Distribution: China (Yunnan); Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal); Myanmar (Chin, Kachin)

36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP 41 MYA

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara oxyphylla (Edgew.) Reeder & S.Y.Cheo; J. Arnold Arbor. 32: 69 (1951)

= Fagara oxyphyllum (Edgew.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 118 (1896)

= Zanthoxylum alpinum C.C.Huang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 6(1): 60-62, t. 12 (1957)

= Zanthoxylum taliense C.C.Huang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 6(1): 62-63 (1957)

= Zanthoxylum tibetanum C.C.Huang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 6(1): 57-59, t. 10 (1957)

species :

Zanthoxylum palustre Londoño-Ech. & Reynel; Novon 31(1): 114 (2023)

Distribution: Colombia; Brazil (Roraima)

82 CLM 84 BRA

species :

Zanthoxylum panamense P.Wilson; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 479 (1922)

Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas); Belize; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama

79 MEX 80 BLZ COS HON NIC PAN

Synonyms: hidden

= Zanthoxylum jaimei D.M.Porter; J. Arnold Arbor. 53(3): 406 (1972)

= Zanthoxylum nigripunctatum Lundell; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 64: 551 (1937)

species :

Zanthoxylum pancheri P.S.Green; J. Arnold Arbor. 51: 216 (1970)

Distribution: New Caledonia

60 NWC

species :

Zanthoxylum paniculatum Balf.f.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 12 (1877)

Distribution: Rodrigues

29 ROD

Conservation Status: highly endangered, only very few individuals remaining

species :

Zanthoxylum paracanthum (Mildbr.) Kokwaro; Kew Bull. 32(4): 798 (1978)

Distribution: SE-Kenya; Tanzania

25 KEN TAN

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara paracantha Mildbr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11: 1069 (1934)

species :

Zanthoxylum parvifoliolum (Keay) W.D.Hawth.; Woody Pl. W. African Forests 712 (2006)

Distribution: Liberia; Ivory Coast; Ghana

22 GHA IVO LBR

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara parvifoliola A.Chev. ex Aubrév.; Fl. Forest. Côte d´Ivoire [Aubreville] 2: 88 (1936), sine descr. lat.

= Fagara parvifoliola Keay; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 26: 187 (1956)

= Zanthoxylum parvifoliolum A.Chev.; Expl. Bot. Afr. Occ. Franc. 1: 100 (1920), nomen.

= Zanthoxylum parvifolium A.Chev.; Vég. Utiles Afrique Trop. Franç. 5: 233 (1909)

species :

Zanthoxylum parvum Shinners; Field & Lab. 24: 19 (1956)

Name: Tickletongue

Distribution: USA (Texas)

77 USA

species :

Zanthoxylum paulae (Albuq.) P.G.Waterman; Taxon 24(2-3): 364 (1975)

Distribution: Guyana; Surinam; N-Brazil (Amapa, Pará, Amazonas)

82 GUY SUR 84 BRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara luizii Albuq.; Publ. Inst. Nac. Pesq. Amazonia Bot., No. 27, 5 (1968)

= Fagara paulae Albuq.; Publ. Inst. Nac. Pesq. Amazonia Bot., No. 27, 4 (1968)

= Zanthoxylum luizii (Albuq.) P.G.Waterman; Taxon 24(2-3): 364 (1975)

species :

Zanthoxylum pentandrum (Aubl.) R.A.Howard; J. Arnold Arbor. 64(2): 269 (1983)

Name: Bosoo, L´Epinet sans piquants (Trinidad & Tobago)

Distribution: Trinidad; Venezuela (Bolívar, Delta Amacuro, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Miranda, Tachira); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; N-Brazil (Roraima, Amapa, Pará, Acre)

81 TRT 82 FRG GUY SUR VEN 84 BRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara guianensis Lam.; Encycl. [J. Lamarck et al.] 2(2): 446 (1788)

= Fagara pentandra Aubl.; Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 78 (1775)

= Fagara trinitensis (R.O.Williams) Beard; Empire For. J. 21: 14 (1942)

= Zanthoxylum hermaphroditum Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3(1): 756 (1806)

= Zanthoxylum trinitense R.O.Williams; Fl. Trinidad & Tobago 1: 148 (1929)

species :

Zanthoxylum petenense Lundell; Wrightia 5(8): 317 (1976)

Distribution: Guatemala; Belize

80 BLZ GUA

species :

Zanthoxylum petiolare A.St.-Hil. & Tul.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 17: 140 (1842)

Distribution: Bolivia (Beni, Santa Cruz, Tarija); N-Brazil (Acre); NE-Brazil (Ceara, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Bahia); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Alto Paraguay, Alto Paraná, Amambay, Caaguazu, Caazapa, Canindeyu, Central, Concepcion, Cordillera, Guaira, Itapua, Misiones, Neembucu, Paraguari, Pres. Hayes, San Pedro); Argentina (Chaco, Corrientes, Formosa, Jujuy, Misiones, Salta, Santa Fe, Tucuman)

83 BOL 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara corumbensis R.E.Fr.; Bull. Herb. Boissier Ser. 2, 7: 1001 (1907)

= Fagara hieronymi Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 21: Beibl. 54: 24 (1896)

= Fagara krukovii (A.C.Sm.) Sandwith; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 120 (1935)

= Fagara naranjillo (Griseb.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 117 (1896)

= Fagara naranjillo var. angustifoliola Lillo; Seg. Contr. Arb. Argent. 44 (1917)

= Fagara naranjillo var. paraguariensis (Chodat & Hassl.) Escal.; Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 9: 308 (1961)

= Fagara niederleinii Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 21: Beibl. 54: 24 (1896)

= Fagara paraguariensis Chodat & Hassl.; Bull. Herb. Boissier Ser. 2, 4: 1282 (1904)

= Fagara paraguariensis f. angustifolia Chodat & Hassl.; Bull. Herb. Boissier ser. 2, 4: 1282 (1904)

= Fagara paraguariensis f. fruticosa Chodat & Hassl.; Bull. Herb. Boissier ser. 2, 4: 1282 (1904)

= Fagara paraguariensis f. latifolia Chodat & Hassl.; Bull. Herb. Boissier ser. 2, 4: 1282 (1904)

= Fagara paraguariensis var. inermis Chodat & Hassl.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 4: 1282 (1904)

= Fagara subserrata (Engl.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 117 (1896)

= Fagara tenuifolia (Engl.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 117 (1896)

= Fagara tenuifolia f. aculeata Herzog; Meded. Rijks-Herb. 27: 80 (1915)

= Zanthoxylum corumbense (R.E.Fr.) P.G.Waterman; Taxon 24(2-3): 363 (1975)

= Zanthoxylum krukovii A.C.Sm.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 60: 358 (1933)

= Zanthoxylum naranjillo Griseb.; Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 24: 76 (1879)

= Zanthoxylum naranjillo var. angustifolium (Lillo) P.G.Waterman; Taxon 24(2-3): 364 (1975)

= Zanthoxylum paraguariense (Chodat & Hassl.) Standl.; Trop. Woods, No. 34, 41 (1933)

= Zanthoxylum subserratum Engl.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 12(2): 160 (1860)

= Zanthoxylum tenuifolium Engl.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 12(2): 160 (1860)

species :

Zanthoxylum phyllopterum (Griseb.) C.Wright ex Sauvalle; Anal. Acad. Ci. Habana 5: 287 (1868)

Distribution: Cuba

81 CUB

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara dumosa var. platyphylla Krug & Urb.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 21: 581 (1896)

= Fagara phylloptera Griseb.; Cat. Pl. Cub. 48 (1866)

species :

Zanthoxylum piasezkii Maxim.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 11(1): 93-95 (1889)

Distribution: China (S-Gansu, W-Henan, S-Shaanxi, Sichuan)

36 CHI

species :

Zanthoxylum pilosiusculum (Engl.) P.G.Waterman; Taxon 24(2-3): 364 (1975)

Distribution: SW-Congo [Brazzaville]; Cabinda; S-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Angola

23 CAB CON ZAI 26 ANG

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara elondii De Wild. ex Renier; Fl. Kwango 2: 1419 (1948)

= Fagara pilosiuscula Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 23: 150 (1897)

= Fagara verschuerenii De Wild.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 379 (1914)

species :

Zanthoxylum pilosulum Rehder & E.H.Wilson; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 2(1): 123 (1914)

Distribution: China (S-Gansu, S-Shaanxi, Sichuan)

36 CHI

species :

Zanthoxylum pimpinelloides (Lam.) DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 726 (1824)

Name: Graciosa (Cuba)

Distribution: Cuba; Dominican Republic; Haiti

81 CUB HIS

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara pimpinelloides Lam.; Illustr. 1: 334 (1792)

species :

Zanthoxylum pinnatum (J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) Druce; Rep. Bot. Exch. Cl. Brit. Isles, 653 (1916 publ. 1917)

Distribution: Australia (Queensland); Lord Howe Isl.; Norfolk Isl. (incl. Philip Isl.); ?New Caledonia; Vanuatu; Tonga (Late Isl., Vava´u); Fiji; +[Western] Samoa (+Savai´i)

50 AUS LHI NFK 60 FIJ SAM TON VAN

Synonyms: hidden

= Blackburnia pinnata J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.; Char. Gen. Pl., ed. 1: 6 (1775)

= Fagara pinnata (J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 119 (1896)

= Ptelea pinnata (J. &. & G.Forst.) L.f.; Suppl. Pl. [Linnaeus f.] Pl. 126 (1782)

= Zanthoxylum blackburnia Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 1: 363 (1863)

= Zanthoxylum howeanum F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 9: 77 (1875), nomen

species :

Zanthoxylum piperitum (L.) DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 725 (1824)

Distribution: China; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Taiwan [I]

36 CHI 38 JAP KOR tai

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara piperita L.; Syst. Nat, ed. 10, 2: 897 (1759)

= Pterota piperita (L.) Crantz; Inst. Rei Herb. 2: 418 (1766)

= Zanthoxylum ovalifoliolatum Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 44: 527 (1930)

= Zanthoxylum piperitum f. brevispinum (Makino) Makino; Jissai-engei 26: 898 (1940)

= Zanthoxylum piperitum f. hispidum Hayashi; Bull. Gov. Forest Exp. Sta. 107: 28 (1958)

= Zanthoxylum piperitum f. inerme (Makino) Makino; Jissai-engei 26: 898 (1940)

= Zanthoxylum piperitum f. ovalifoliolatum (Nakai) Makino; Jissai-engei 25: 1103 (1939)

= Zanthoxylum piperitum f. pubescens (Nakai) W.Lee; Lin. Fl. Koreae 645 (1996), nom. inval.

= Zanthoxylum piperitum f. rotundatum Yokouchi ex T.Shimizu; Fl. Nagano Pref. 1509 (1997)

= Zanthoxylum piperitum var. brevispinum Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 3: 30 (1926)

= Zanthoxylum piperitum var. hispidum (Hayashi) Konta; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, B. 31(1): 20 (2005)

= Zanthoxylum piperitum var. inerme Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 82 (1912)

= Zanthoxylum piperitum var. pubescens Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 27: 130 (1913), nomen

= Zanthoxylum piperitum var. spinosum Konta; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo, B 32: 36 (2006)

species :

Zanthoxylum planaltense Reynel; Novon 32(1): 94 (2024)

Distribution: Brazil (Bahia)

84 BRA

species :

Zanthoxylum pluviatile T.G.Hartley; J. Arnold Arbor. 47: 201 (1966)

Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea); Bismarck Arch.; Solomon Isl.

42 NWG 43 BIS SOL

species :

Zanthoxylum pluvimontanum Reynel & D.Tarazona; Novon 30(1): 53 (2022)

Distribution: Ecuador

83 ECU

species :

Zanthoxylum poggei (Engl.) P.G.Waterman; Taxon 24(2-3): 364 (1975)

Distribution: Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]

23 BIO CAF CMN CON GAB ZAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara adolfi-friderici Engl.; Wiss. Ergebn. Deut. Zentr.-Afr. Exped. (1907-1908), Bot. 2: 424 (1912)

= Fagara densiaculeata Engl.; Wiss. Ergebn. Deut. Zentr.-Afr. Exped. (1907-1908), Bot. 2: 425 (1912)

= Fagara dschaensis Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 54(4): 297 (1917)

= Fagara lomiensis Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 54(4): 298 (1917)

= Fagara longipetiolulata Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 54(4): 299 (1917)

= Fagara mortehanii De Wild.; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 4: 390 (1914)

= Fagara pendula Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 54(4): 298 (1917)

= Fagara poggei Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 23: 146 (1897)

species :

Zanthoxylum psammophilum (Aké Assi) P.G.Waterman; Taxon 24(2-3): 364 (1975)

Distribution: Ivory Coast

22 IVO

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara psammophila Aké Assi; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 30: 402 (1960)

species :

Zanthoxylum pseudoxyphyllum Babu; Bull. Bot. Surv. India, 16(1-4): 66 (1974 publ. 1977)

Distribution: India (Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur)

40 IND

species :

Zanthoxylum pteracanthum Rehder & E.H.Wilson; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 2(1): 123-124 (1914)

Distribution: China (W-Hubei)

36 CHI

species :

Zanthoxylum pucro D.M.Porter; J. Arnold Arbor. 53(3): 406 (1972)

Distribution: Panama; Colombia (Antioquia); Bolivia (La Paz)

80 PAN 82 CLM 83 BOL

species :

Zanthoxylum punctatum Vahl; West, Bidr. Ste. Croix, 310 (1793)

subspecies :

subsp. punctatum

Name: Toothache tree (Jamaica), Bois-flambeau, Lepine rouge, L´epineux, Prickle, Ramgoat (Lesser Antilles), Alfiler (Puerto Rico)

Distribution: Jamaica; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (St. Croix); Anguilla; St. Barthélémy; Antigua; Guadeloupe; Marie-Galante; St. Lucia; St. Vincent; Barbados; Trinidad

81 ABA AGU BBD GDL HIS JAM PUE SBA STL STV TRT VIR

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara trifoliata Sw.; Prodr. [O. P. Swartz] 83 (1788)

= Tobinia punctata (Vahl) Griseb.; Fl. Brit. W.I. [Grisebach] 137 (1859)

= Tobinia ternata (Sw.) Desv.; Ham., Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occid. [Hamilton] 57 (1825), nom. superfl.

= Zanthoxylum ternatum Sw.; Fl. Ind. Occid. 1: 570 (1797)

= Zanthoxylum trifoliatum (Sw.) Krug & Urb.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 21(5): 584 (1896) (non L.)

= Zanthoxylum trifoliatum (Sw.) W.Wright; Mem. late William Wright 280 (1828), nom. illeg.

subspecies :

subsp. obtriangulare (Urb.) Reynel; Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 117: 216 (2017)

Distribution: Hispaniola (Dominican Republic)

81 HIS

Synonyms: hidden

= Zanthoxylum obtriangulare (Urb.) Jiménez; Rhodora 62: 237 (1960)

= Fagara obtriangularis Urb.; Ark. Bot. 22A(8): 54 (1929)

subspecies :

subsp. thomasianum (Krug & Urb.) Reynel; Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 117: 216 (2017)

Name: St. Thomas Pricklyash

Distribution: Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (St. John, St. Thomas, Virgin Gorda)

81 PUE VIR

Conservation Status: endangered

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara thomasiana Krug & Urb.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 21: 583 (1896)

= Zanthoxylum thomasianum (Krug & Urb.) Krug & Urb.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 21: 583 (1896)

species :

Zanthoxylum quassiifolium (Donn.Sm.) Standl. & Steyerm.; Fieldiana, Bot. 24 (5): 425 (1946)

Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Veracruz)

79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara quassiifolia (Donn.Sm.) Monach. & Cronquist; Brittonia 5: 131 (1944)

= Rigiostachys quassiifolia Donn.Sm.; Bot. Gaz. 54: 235 (1912) (Simaroubaceae)

= Zanthoxylum citroides Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 85 (1940)

species :

Zanthoxylum quinduense Tul.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 3, 7: 275 (1847)

Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia, Bolívar, Boyacá, Cauca, Cundinamarca, Nariño, Norte de Santander, Putumayo, Quindío, Risaralda, Tolima, Valle); Venezuela (Lara, Merida, Trujillo); Ecuador; Peru (Amazonas)

82 CLM VEN 83 ECU PER

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara macrosperma (Tul.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 117 (1896)

= Fagara quindiuensis (Tul.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 117 (1896)

= Zanthoxylum macrospermum Tul.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 3, 7: 276 (1847)

species :

Zanthoxylum renieri (G.C.C.Gilbert) P.G.Waterman; Taxon 24(2-3): 364 (1975)

Distribution: E-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; W-Uganda

23 RWA ZAI 25 UGA

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara renieri G.C.C.Gilbert; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 28: 377 (1958)

species :

Zanthoxylum retroflexum T.G.Hartley; J. Arnold Arbor. 47: 195 (1966)

Distribution: Sumatra

42 SUM

species :

Zanthoxylum retusum (Albuq.) P.G.Waterman; Taxon 24(2-3): 365 (1975)

Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia); SE-Brazil (Rio de Janeiro)

84 BRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara retusa Albuq.; Atas Soc. Biol. Rio de Janeiro 11: 51 (1967), et An. Acad. Brazil Cienc. 40: 504 (1968)

species :

Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 728 (1824)

Distribution: Nepal; Bhutan; India (Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Andaman Isl. (Middle Andaman Isl., South Andaman Isl.); Myanmar (Kachin, Mon, Sagaing, Taninthayi); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; S-Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Kelantan); Sulawesi; Palawan; Philippines (Luzon to Mindanao); Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, etc.); Moluccas; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Australia (N-Queensland, Northern Territory, NE-Western Australia)

40 BAN BHU IND NEP SRL 41 AND CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 JAW LSI MLY MOL NWG PHI PLW SUL 50 AUS

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara budrunga Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 11 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Carey & Wallich ed.] 1: 437 (1820), Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 1: 417 (1832)

= Fagara parviflora (Benth.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 119 (1896)

= Fagara rhetsa Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 11 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Carey & Wallich ed.] 1: 438 (1820), Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 1: 417 (1832)

= Lacuris illicioides Buch.-Ham.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 7119 (1832), nom. inval.

= Tipalia limonella Dennst.; Schluess. Hort. Malab. 31 (1818)

= Zanthoxylum budrunga (Roxb.) DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 728 (1824)

= Zanthoxylum crenatum Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 1216 (1829), nom. inval.

= Zanthoxylum limonella (Dennst.) Alston; Trimen, Hand-Book Fl. Sri Lanka 6: Suppl., 37 (1931)

= Zanthoxylum minahassae Koord.; Meded. ´S Lands Plantent. 19: 639 (1898)

= Zanthoxylum oblongum Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 1218 (1829), nom. inval.

= Zanthoxylum parviflorum Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 1: 363 (1863)

= Zanthoxylum rhetsum (Roxb.) St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 137 (1880), orth. var.

species :

Zanthoxylum rhodoxylon (Urb.) P.Wilson; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37: 85 (1910)

subspecies :

subsp. rhodoxylon

Name: Rosewood, Caesar wood (Jamaica)

Distribution: Jamaica

81 JAM

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara rhodoxylon Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 5: 530 (1908)

subspecies :

subsp. cubense (P.Wilson) Reynel; Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 117: 200 (2017)

Name: Cuban yellow-wood (Bahamas), Ayua blanca, Ayua brava, Ayua de sierra, Ayua hembra, Ayuda blanca, Ayuda hembra (Cuba)

Distribution: Bahamas; Cuba; Hispaniola

81 BAH CUB HIS

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara cubensis (P.Wilson) Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 9: 178 (1924)

= Fagara lomincola Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 9(2): 178 (1924)

= Zanthoxylum cubense P.Wilson; Torreya 9: 32 (1909)

= Zanthoxylum lomincola (Urb.) Alain; Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio "De La Salle" 9: 24 (1950)

species :

Zanthoxylum rhoifolium Lam.; Encyc. 2: 39 (1786)

Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Tabasco); Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Guadeloupe; Marie-Galante; Dominica; Martinique; St. Lucia; St. Vincent; Grenada; Trinidad; Colombia (Antioquia, Caquetá, Córdoba, La Guajira, Risaralda, Valle); Venezuela (Bolívar, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Lara, Merida, Zulia); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Chuquisaca, La Paz, Santa Cruz, Tarija); N-Brazil (Roraima, Amapa, Pará, Amazonas, Tocantins, Acre, Rondônia); NE-Brazil (Maranhao, Piauí, Ceara, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Bahia, Alagoas, Sergipe); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goiás, Brasilia Distrito Federal, Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Alto Paraná, Amambay, Caaguazu, Caazapa, Canindeyu, Central, Concepcion, Cordillera, Guaira, Itapua, Misiones, Paraguari, San Pedro); Uruguay (Canelones, Colonia, Durazno, Florida Prov., Lavalleja, Maldonado, Rocha, San Jose, Tacuarembo); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Chaco, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Jujuy, Misiones, Salta, Santa Fe, Tucuman)

79 MEX 80 COS HON NIC PAN 81 DOM GDL GRE MAR STL STV TRT 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL PER 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara acutifolia (Engl.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 117 (1896)

= Fagara astrigera R.S.Cowan; Sellowia No. 12, 81 (1960)

= Fagara coco var. formosana Lillo; Contr. Conoc. Arb. Argent. 89 (1910)

= Fagara microcarpa (Griseb.) Krug & Urb.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 21: 570 (1896)

= Fagara obscura (Engl.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 117 (1896)

= Fagara pubescens (A.St.-Hil. & Tul.) Herzog; Meded. Herb. Leid No. 27, 80 (1915)

= Fagara regnelliana (Engl.) Chodat & Hassl.; Bull. Herb. Boissier Ser. 2, 4: 1283 (1904)

= Fagara regnelliana var. calvata Chodat & Hassl.; Bull. Herb. Boissier ser. 2, 4: 1283 (1904)

= Fagara rhoifolia (Lam.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 118 (1896)

= Fagara rhoifolia f. angustifolia Chodat & Hassl.; Bull. Herb. Boissier ser. 2, 4: 1284 (1904)

= Fagara rhoifolia f. intermedia Chodat & Hassl.; Bull. Herb. Boissier ser. 2, 4: 1284 (1904)

= Fagara rhoifolia f. latifolia Chodat & Hassl.; Bull. Herb. Boissier ser. 2, 4: 1284 (1904)

= Fagara rhoifolia f. paucijuga Chodat & Hassl.; Bull. Herb. Boissier ser. 2, 4: 1283 (1904)

= Fagara rhoifolia subsp. pubescens (A.St.-Hil. & Tul.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 118 (1896)

= Fagara rhoifolia var. inermis Chodat & Hassl.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 4: 1283 (1904)

= Fagara rhoifolia var. intermedia R.S.Cowan & L.B.Sm.; Fl. Ilustr. Catarin. [Ruta]: 13 (1973)

= Fagara rhoifolia var. niederleinii (Engl.) Najera.Galdeano & Escal.; Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 14(3): 241 (1972)

= Fagara rhoifolia var. peltophora (Turcz.) Chodat & Hassl.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 4: 1283 (1904)

= Fagara rhoifolia var. petiolulata (Engl.) Chodat & Hassl.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 4: 1283 (1904)

= Fagara rhoifolia var. surparanaensis Najera, Galdeano & Escal.; Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 14(3): 244 (1972)

= Fagara rothschuhii Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 60: 366 (1926)

= Fagara ruiziana (Engl.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 117 (1896)

= Langsdorfia instrumentaria Leandro ex Schrank; Denkschr. Königl. Akad. Wiss. München 7: 242 (1821)

= Pohlana instrumentaria Mart. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 366 (1841), nom. inval.

= Pohlana langsdorffii Nees & Mart.; Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 12: 17 (1824), nom. superfl.

= Zanthoxylum acutifolium Engl.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 12(2): 170 (1874)

= Zanthoxylum acutifolium var. petiolulatum Engl.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 12(2): 170 (1874)

= Zanthoxylum astrigerum (R.S.Cowan) P.G.Waterman; Taxon 24(2-3): 363 (1975)

= Zanthoxylum langsdorffii (Nees & Mart.) Mart.; Flora (Regensburg) 20(2. Beibl.): 97 (1837)

= Zanthoxylum microcarpum Griseb.; Fl. Brit. W.I. [Grisebach] 138 (1860)

= Zanthoxylum obscurum Engl.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 12(2): 169 (1860)

= Zanthoxylum obscurum var. ruizianum Engl.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 12(2): 170 (1874)

= Zanthoxylum peltophorum Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 31(1): 442 (1858)

= Zanthoxylum perrottetii DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 726 (1824)

= Zanthoxylum pubescens A.St.-Hil. & Tul.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 17: 141 (1842)

= Zanthoxylum regnellianum Engl.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 12(2): 174 (1860)

= Zanthoxylum rhoifolium var. formosanum (Lillo) P.G.Waterman; Taxon 25(5-6): 594 (1976)

= Zanthoxylum rhoifolium var. peltophorum (Turcz.) Engl.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 12(2): 175 (1874)

= Zanthoxylum rhoifolium var. petiolulatum Engl.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 12(2): 175 (1874)

= Zanthoxylum rhoifolium var. pubescens (A.St.-Hil. & Tul.) Engl.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 12(2): 176 (1874)

= Zanthoxylum rhoifolium var. sessilifolium Engl.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 12(2): 176 (1874)

= Zanthoxylum rhoifolium var. surparanaense (Najera, Galdeano & Escal.) P.G.Waterman; Taxon 25(5-6): 594 (1976)

= Zanthoxylum ruizianum (Engl.) J.F.Macbr.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 13(3): 667 (1949)

= Zanthoxylum sorbifolium A.St.-Hil.; Fl. Bras. Merid. [A. St.-Hil.] 1: 75 (1825)

species :

Zanthoxylum rhombifoliolatum C.C.Huang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 6(1): 67-68, t. 14 (1957)

Distribution: China (Chongqing, Guizhou)

36 CHI

species :

Zanthoxylum riedelianum Engl.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 12(2): 162 (1874)

subspecies :

subsp. riedelianum

Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Puebla, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Veracruz, Yucatan); Guatemala; Belize; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Santa Cruz); N-Brazil (Tocantins); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goiás, Brasilia Distrito Federal, Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo); S-Brazil (Paraná); Paraguay (Alto Paraná, Caazapa, Canindeyu, Central, Concepcion, Cordillera, Guaira, Misiones, Paraguari, San Pedro); Argentina (Corrientes, Misiones)

79 MEX 80 BLZ COS GUA NIC PAN 82 CLM 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara cinerea (Engl.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 117 (1896)

= Fagara cordobensis Cuatrec.; Rev. Acad. Colombia. 8: 302 (1951)

= Fagara cuiabensis (Engl.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 117 (1896)

= Fagara cuiabensis f. inermis Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 34 (1898)

= Fagara cuiabensis var. axillaris Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 34 (1898)

= Fagara duckei Albuq.; Publ. Inst. Nac. Pesq. Amazonia Bot., No. 27, 6 (1968)

= Fagara latespinosa (Engl.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 117 (1896)

= Fagara prancei Albuq.; Bol. Inst. Nac. Pesq. Amazonas Manaus. Pesq. Florest. 8: 1 (1970)

= Fagara riedeliana (Engl.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 117 (1896)

= Fagara riedeliana var. pubescens Chodat & Hassl.; Bull. Herb. Boissier ser. 2, 4: 1283 (1904)

= Fagara valens J.F.Macbr.; Candollea 5: 373 (1934)

= Fagara williamii Albuq.; Publ. Inst. Nac. Pesq. Amazonia Bot., No. 27, 10 (1968)

= Zanthoxylum cinereum Engl.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 12(2): 172 (1860)

= Zanthoxylum cordobense (Cuatrec.) P.G.Waterman; Taxon 24(2-3): 363 (1975)

= Zanthoxylum cuiabense Engl.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 12(2): 163 (1860)

= Zanthoxylum duckei (Albuq.) D.M.Porter; J. Arnold Arbor. 53: 406 (1972)

= Zanthoxylum latespinosum Engl.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 12(2): 173 (1860)

= Zanthoxylum pittieri P.Wilson; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 479 (1922)

= Zanthoxylum prancei (Albuq.) P.G.Waterman; Taxon 24(2-3): 364 (1975)

= Zanthoxylum valens (J.F.Macbr.) J.F.Macbr.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 15: 228 (1936)

= Zanthoxylum williamii (Albuq.) P.G.Waterman; Taxon 24(2-3): 365 (1975)

subspecies :

subsp. kellermanii (P.Wilson) Reynel; Phytoneuron 2015-22: 6 (2015)

Distribution: Mexico (Oaxaca); Honduras; Colombia; N-Brazil (Pará, Amazonas)

79 MEX 80 HON 82 CLM 84 BRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Zanthoxylum kellermanii P.Wilson; N. Amer. Fl. 25: 195 (1911)

= Fagara kellermannii (P.Wilson) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 19a: 220 (1931)

subspecies :

subsp. hygrophilum (Cuatrec.) Reynel; Phytoneuron 2015-22: 6 (2015)

Distribution: Colombia (Amazonas, Antioquia, Cauca, Chocó, Magdalena, Putumayo, Risaralda, Valle); etc.

82 CLM

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara hygrophila Cuatrec.; Rev. Acad. Colombia. 8: 301 (1951)

= Zanthoxylum hygrophilum (Cuatrec.) P.G.Waterman; Taxon 24(2-3): 364 (1975)

= Zanthoxylum tachuelo Little; Phytologia 18: 464 (1969)

subspecies :

subsp. mayanum (Standl.) Reynel; Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 117: 148 (2017)

Distribution: Belize; Honduras

80 BLZ HON

Synonyms: hidden

= Zanthoxylum mayanum Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 8: 140 (1930)

species :

Zanthoxylum rigidum Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3(1): 756 (1806)

subspecies :

subsp. rigidum

Distribution: Colombia (Cauca, Cundinamarca, Tolima, Valle); Ecuador; Peru; WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais)

82 CLM 83 ECU PER 84 BRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara rigida Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 117 (1896)

= Fagara rigida f. velutina (Benth.) Cuatrec.; Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 8: 302 (1951)

= Fagara rigidifolia Herzog; Meded. Herb. Leid No. 27, 78 (1915)

= Fagara tumbezana J.F.Macbr.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 8: 119 (1930)

= Zanthoxylum rigidifolium (Herzog) P.G.Waterman; Taxon 24(2-3): 365 (1975)

= Zanthoxylum rigidum f. velutinum (Benth.) P.G.Waterman; Taxon 23: 365 (1975)

= Zanthoxylum tumbezanum (J.F.Macbr.) J.F.Macbr.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 13(3): 669 (1949)

= Zanthoxylum velutinum Benth.; Pl. Hartw. [Bentham] 167 (1845)

subspecies :

subsp. hasslerianum (Chodat) Reynel; Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 117: 70 (2017)

Distribution: Bolivia (Beni, Santa Cruz); Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul); Paraguay (Alto Paraguay, Amambay, Concepcion, Cordillera, Paraguari, Pres. Hayes); Argentina (Corrientes)

83 BOL 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara hassleriana Chodat; Bull. Herb. Boissier ser. 2, 4: 1284 (1904)

= Fagara hassleriana var. angustifolia Chodat & Hassl.; Bull. Herb. Boissier ser. 2, 4: 1284 (1904)

= Zanthoxylum hasslerianum (Chodat) Pirani; Brittonia 45(2): 157 (1993)

species :

Zanthoxylum rubescens Planch. ex Hook.; Niger Fl. [W. J. Hooker] 270 (1849)

Distribution: Guinea-Bissau; ?Guinea; Sierra Leone; Ivory Coast; Ghana; S-Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Principe Isl.; São Tomé; Equatorial Guinea; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; SW-Uganda; W-Kenya; S-Tanzania; N-Angola

22 GHA GNB IVO NGA SIE 23 BIO CAF CMN CON EQG GAB PRI SAO ZAI 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara afzelii (Engl.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 118 (1896)

= Fagara altissima Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 46(3): 405 (1911)

= Fagara cabrae De Wild.; Pl. Bequaert. 3: 24 (1925)

= Fagara densicrenata Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 54(4): 301 (1917)

= Fagara melanacantha (Planch. ex Oliv.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 118 (1896)

= Fagara membranifolia Mildbr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11: 1068 (1934)

= Fagara rubescens (Planch. ex Hook.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 118 (1896)

= Fagara rubescens var. disperma G.C.C.Gilbert; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 28: 376 (1958)

= Fagara ubanghensis A.Chev.; Etudes Fl. Afr. Centr. Franc. 1: 46 (1913), nomen.

= Fagara welwitschii Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 23: 147 (1897)

= Zanthoxylum melanacanthum Planch.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 3, 19: 82 (1853)

= Zanthoxylum rubescens var. dispermum (G.C.C.Gilbert) P.G.Waterman; Taxon 23: 365 (1975)

= Zanthoxylum ubanghense A.Chev.; Sudania 1: 88, No. 5914 (1911), nomen.

species :

Zanthoxylum sambucirhachis Reynel; Novon 28(1): 9 (2020)

Distribution: Ecuador

83 ECU

species :

Zanthoxylum sapindoides (Macfad.) DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 728 (1824)

subspecies :

subsp. sapindoides

Distribution: Cuba

81 CUB

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara sapindoides (Macfad.) Krug & Urb.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 21: 587 (1896)

subspecies :

subsp. domingense (Krug & Urb.) Reynel; Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 117: 206 (2017)

Distribution: Dominican Republic; Haiti

81 HIS

Synonyms: hidden

= Zanthoxylum domingense (Krug & Urb.) Jiménez; Rhodora 62: 236 (1960)

= Fagara domingensis Krug & Urb.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 21: 586 (1896)

subspecies :

subsp. hartii (Krug & Urb.) Reynel; Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 117: 206 (2017)

Distribution: Jamaica

81 JAM

Conservation Status: IUCN V

Synonyms: hidden

= Zanthoxylum hartii (Krug & Urb.) P.Wilson; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37: 85 (1910)

= Fagara hartii Krug & Urb.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 21: 586 (1896)

subspecies :

subsp. jamaicense (P.Wilson) Reynel; Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 117: 206 (2017)

Distribution: Jamaica

81 JAM

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara jamaicensis (P.Wilson) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 19a: 223 (1931)

= Fagara negrilensis (Fawc. & Rendle) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 19a: 223 (1931)

= Zanthoxylum jamaicense P.Wilson; Torreya 9: 32 (1909)

= Zanthoxylum negrilense Fawc. & Rendle; J. Bot. 55: 271 (1917)

subspecies :

subsp. venosum (Leonard) Reynel; Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 117: 206 (2017)

Distribution: Dominican Republic; Haiti

81 HIS

Synonyms: hidden

= Zanthoxylum venosum Leonard; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 14: 414 (1924)

= Fagara venosa (Leonard) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 19a: 224 (1931), Urb. in Ark. Bot. 24A(4): 14 (1932)

species :

Zanthoxylum sarasinii Guillaumin; Sarasin & Roux, Nova Caled. 1: 160 (1920)

Distribution: New Caledonia

60 NWC

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara sarasinii (Guillaumin) Guillaumin; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 85: 296 (1938)

species :

Zanthoxylum scandens Blume; Bijdr. Natuurk. Wetensch. 249 (1825)

Distribution: China (S-Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; India (Meghalaya, Mizoram); Myanmar (Chin); Vietnam; Sumatra; Borneo; Java

36 CHI 38 NNS TAI 40 IND 41 MYA VIE 42 BOR JAW SUM

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara chinensis Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci. 13(3): 141-142 (1918)

= Fagara cuspidata (Champ. ex Benth.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 118 (1896)

= Fagara cyrtorhachia Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 6: 8-10 (1916)

= Fagara laxifoliolata Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 3: 50 (1913)

= Fagara leiorhachia Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 6: 10-11 (1916)

= Fagara scandens (Blume) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 118 (1896)

= Zanthoxylum chinensis (Merr.) Chung; Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 123 (1924)

= Zanthoxylum cuspidatum Champ. ex Benth.; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard Misc. 3: 329 (1851)

= Zanthoxylum cyrtorbachium (Hayata) C.C.Huang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 6: 81 (1957)

= Zanthoxylum laxifoliolatum (Hayata) Huang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 6(1): 81 (1957)

= Zanthoxylum leiorhachium (Hayata) C.C.Huang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 6(1): 64 (1957)

= Zanthoxylum liukiuense Hayata; Ic. Pl. Formos. 6: 6 (1916)

species :

Zanthoxylum schinifolium Siebold & Zucc.; Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 4(2): 137 (1846)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, N-Guangdong, N-Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Shandong, Zhejiang); North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Taiwan

36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO TAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara mantchurica (Benn.) Honda; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 633 (1932)

= Fagara mantchurica f. angustifolia (Honda) H.Hara; Enum. Spermatophytarum Japon. 3: 26 (1954)

= Fagara mantchurica f. grandifolia (Nakai) H.Hara; Enum. Spermatophytarum Japon. 3: 26 (1954)

= Fagara mantchurica f. microphylla (Honda) H.Hara; Enum. Spermatophytarum Japon. 3: 26 (1954)

= Fagara mantchurica var. angustifolia Honda; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 634 (1932)

= Fagara mantchurica var. grandifolia (Nakai) Honda; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 633 (1932)

= Fagara mantchurica var. inermis (Nakai) Honda; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 634 (1932)

= Fagara mantchurica var. microphylla Honda; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 634 (1932)

= Fagara mantchurica var. subinermis (Uyeki) Uyeki; Woody Pl. Distr. Chôsen 60 (1940)

= Fagara pteropoda (Hayata) Y.C.Liu; Agr. Form. J. 4: 24 (1955)

= Fagara schinifolia (Siebold & Zucc.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 118 (1897)

= Fagara schinifolia f. macrocarpa Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst., Beibl. 75: 47 (1904)

= Fagara schinifolia var. grandifolia Nakai; Index Sem. (TI, Tokyo) 1920: 38 (1920)

= Fagara schinifolia var. inermis Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 27: 130 (1913)

= Fagara schinifolia var. subinermis Uyeki; J. Chosen Nat. Hist. Soc. 20: 16 (1935)

= Zanthoxylum ailanthoides f. inermis (Nakai) M.Kim; Korean Endemic Pl. 324 (2004)

= Zanthoxylum mantchuricum Benn.; Ann. Nat. Hist. 3: 200 (1862)

= Zanthoxylum pteropodum Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 3: 49-50 (1913)

= Zanthoxylum schinifolium f. inerme (Nakai) M.Kim; Korean Endemic Pl. 325 (2004), nom. inval., et Korean Endemic Pl. 548 (2017)

= Zanthoxylum schinifolium f. macrocarpum (Loes.) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 7: 185 (1926)

= Zanthoxylum schinifolium var. inermis (Honda) T.B.Lee; Ill. Woody Pl. Korea 298 (1966)

= Zanthoxylum schinifolium var. subinermis (Uyeki) T.B.Lee; Ill. Woody Pl. Korea 298 (1966)

variant :

var. okinawense (Nakai) Hatus.; Fl. Ryukyus 353 (1971)

Distribution: Ryukyu Isl.

38 NNS

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara mantchurica var. okinawaensis (Nakai) Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 25(2-3): 43 (1972)

= Fagara okinawensis Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 28: 306 (1914)

= Zanthoxylum okinawense Hatus. ex E.H.Wilson; J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 180 (1920), in adnot.

= Zanthoxylum schinifolium var. okinawense (Nakai) Hatus. ex Simabuku; Island Stud. Okinawa 7: 56 (1989)

species :

Zanthoxylum schlechteri Guillaumin; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 5: 132 (1936)

Distribution: New Caledonia

60 NWC

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara schlechteri (Guillaumin) Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 46(3): 409 (1911)

species :

Zanthoxylum schreberi (J.F.Gmel.) Reynel; Phytoneuron 2015-22: 6 (2015)

Distribution: Mexico (Nayarit, Chiapas, Sinaloa); Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (Jost van Dyke, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas); Antigua; Montserrat; Guadeloupe; Dominica; Martinique; St. Lucia; Barbados; Trinidad; Bonaire; Curacao; Colombia (Cundinamarca, Magdalena, Tolima, Valle); Venezuela (Carabobo, Delta Amacuro, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Falcon, Guarico, Lara, Miranda, Yaracuy); Peru; Bolivia (La Paz)

79 MEX 80 COS HON NIC 81 ABA BBD BON CUR DOM GDL HIS MAR MTS PUE STL TRT VIR 82 CLM VEN 83 BOL PER

Synonyms: hidden

= Curtisia schreberi J.F.Gmel.; Syst. Nat., ed. 13bis 2(1): 498 (1791)

= Fagara camphorata (Planch. & Linden) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 117 (1896)

= Fagara furfuracea (Tul.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 117 (1896)

= Fagara monophylla Lam.; Illustr. 1: 334 (1792)

= Maytenus vincentina Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 36(1): 600 (1863)

= Ochroxylum americanum J.St.-Hil.; Expos. Fam. Nat. 2: 259 (1805)

= Ochroxylum punctatum Mart.; Denkschr. Königl. Akad. Wiss. München 151 (1816)

= Ochroxylum schreberi (J. F. Gmel.) Forsyth f.; Bot. Nomencl. 187 (1794)

= Pentanome simplicifolia (Moc. & Sessé) DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 725 (1824)

= Zanthoxylum camphoratum Planch. & Linden; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 3, 19: 82 (1853)

= Zanthoxylum ferrisiae Standl.; Contr. Dudley Herb. 1: 72 (1927)

= Zanthoxylum furfuraceum Tul.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 3, 7: 272 (1847)

= Zanthoxylum furfuraceum var. pilosiusculum Engl.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 12(2): 159 (1874)

= Zanthoxylum macrophyllum Ryan ex Eggers; Fl. St. Croix 38 (1879), nom. illeg.

= Zanthoxylum monophyllum (Lam.) P.Wilson; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37: 86 (1910)

= Zanthoxylum ochroxylum DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 725 (1824)

= Zanthoxylum pentanome DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 725 (1824)

= Zanthoxylum simplicifolium Vahl; Eclog. Amer. 3: 45 (1807)

species :

Zanthoxylum setulosum P.Wilson; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 480 (1922)

Distribution: Belize; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia (Chocó, Córdoba, La Guajira)

80 BLZ COS HON NIC PAN 82 CLM

species :

Zanthoxylum simulans Hance; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 5, 5: 208 (1866)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, N-Guangdong, NE-Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Zhejiang); South Korea; Taiwan

36 CHI 38 KOR TAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara podocarpa (Hemsl.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 118 (1897)

= Fagara setosa (Hemsl.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 118 (1897)

= Zanthoxylum acanthophyllum Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 6: 7-8 (1916)

= Zanthoxylum argyi H.Lév.; Mem. Real Acad. Ci. Barcelona 12: 560 (1916)

= Zanthoxylum bungeanum var. zimmermannii (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) C.C.Huang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 6: 24 (1957)

= Zanthoxylum bungei var. inermis Franch.; Pl. David. 1: 67 (1884)

= Zanthoxylum bungei var. zimmermannii Rehder & E.H.Wilson; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 2: 122 (1914)

= Zanthoxylum coreanum Nakai; Proc. Third Pan-Pacific Sci. Congress Tokyo 1: 900 (1928)

= Zanthoxylum podocarpum Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 23(153): 107 (1886)

= Zanthoxylum setosum Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 23(153): 107-108 (1886)

= Zanthoxylum simulans subsp. calcareum Z.H.Chen, Feng Chen & W.Zhu; J. Hangzhou Norm. Univ., Nat. Sci. Ed. 19(6): [96-102] (2020)

= Zanthoxylum simulans var. podocarpum (Hemsl.) C.C.Huang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 6(1): 20 (1957)

= Zanthoxylum simulans var. zimmermannii (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 7: 183 (1926)

species :

Zanthoxylum spinosum (Sw.) Sw.; Fl. Ind. Occid. 1: 574 (1797)

Name: Licca tree, Lignum rorum, Suarra wood (Jamaica)

Distribution: USA (Florida); Bahamas; Turks & Caicos Isl.; Cuba; Cayman Isl.; Jamaica; Dominican Republic; Haiti

78 USA 81 BAH CAY CUB HIS JAM TCI

Conservation Status: endangered (Red List of the Vascular Flora of Cuba)

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara coriacea (A.Rich.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 117 (1896)

= Fagara curbeloi (Alain) Kereszty; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 25(1-2): 11 (1979)

= Fagara emarginata Sw.; Prodr. [O. P. Swartz] 33 (1788)

= Fagara spinosa (L.) Krug & Urb.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 21: 590 (1896), nom. illeg.

= Fagara spinosa (L.) Sw.; Prodr. [O. P. Swartz] 33 (1788)

= Fagara swartzii Krug & Urb.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 21: 589 (1896)

= Tobinia coriacea Desv. ex Ham.; Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occid. [Hamilton] 57 (1825)

= Tobinia emarginata (Sw.) Desv. ex Ham.; Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occid. [Hamilton] 57 (1825)

= Tobinia spinosa (Sw.) Desv.; Ham., Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occid. [Hamilton] 57 (1825)

= Zanthoxylum acuminatum Macfad.; Fl. Jamaica [Macfadyen] 1: 192 (1837)

= Zanthoxylum coriaceum (Desv. ex Ham.) Walp.; Rep. 1: 521 (1842)

= Zanthoxylum coriaceum A.Rich.; Ess. Fl. Cub. 326, t. 34 (1845)

= Zanthoxylum curbeloi Alain; Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio De La Salle No. 9, 23 (1950)

= Zanthoxylum emarginatum (Sw.) Sw.; Fl. Ind. Occid. 1: 572 (1797)

species :

Zanthoxylum sprucei Engl.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 12(2): 167 (1874)

Distribution: Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, La Paz, Pando, Santa Cruz); N-Brazil (Amazonas, Acre, Rondônia); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso)

83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara sprucei (Engl.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 117 (1896)

= Fagara weberbaueri K.Krause; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 2: 26 (1906)

= Zanthoxylum annulatum Rusby; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 7: 277 (1927)

= Zanthoxylum cardenasii Rusby; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 7: 277 (1927)

= Zanthoxylum weberbaueri (K.Krause) J.F.Macbr.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 13(3): 670 (1949)

species :

Zanthoxylum stelligerum Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 31(1): 442 (1858)

Distribution: NE-Brazil (Piauí, Ceara, Pernambuco, Bahia); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais)

84 BRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara stelligera (Turcz.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 19a: 220 (1931)

= Zanthoxylum polyacanthum Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 31(1): 443 (1858)

species :

Zanthoxylum stenophyllum Hemsl.; Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 9(33): 147 (1895)

Distribution: China (S-Gansu, W-Henan, W-Hubei, NE-Hunan, SW-Shaanxi, Sichuan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara stenophylla (Hemsl.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 118 (1897)

= Zanthoxylum pashanense N.Chao; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 12(2): 235-236 (1974)

species :

Zanthoxylum stipitatum C.C.Huang; Guihaia 7(1): 2-3 (1987), homonym, non Engl. 1874

Distribution: China (NW-Fujian, N-Guangdong, NE-Guangxi, S-Hunan)

36 CHI

species :

Zanthoxylum subspicatum H.Perrier; Mem. Acad. Sci. Paris. Ser. 2, 67(3): 8 (1948)

Distribution: Madagascar

29 MDG

species :

Zanthoxylum syncarpum Tul.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 3, 7: 279 (1847)

Distribution: Venezuela (Bolívar); NE-Brazil (Ceara, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco)

82 VEN 84 BRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara syncarpa Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 116 (1896)

= Fagara valenciana Pittier; Trab. Mus. Comercial Venezuela (Bol. Minist. Relac. Exter. Nos. 8-12), 277 (1929)

= Perijea syncarpa (Tul.) Tul.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 3, 7: 280 (1847), in obs., nomen event.

species :

Zanthoxylum taediosum A.Rich.; Ess. Fl. Cub. 330 (1845)

subspecies :

subsp. taediosum

Name: Limon cafe, Limoncillo, Mate arbol, Rompeyina (Cuba)

Distribution: Cuba

81 CUB

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara stenoptera Griseb.; Cat. Pl. Cub. 48 (1866)

= Fagara taediosa (A.Rich.) Krug & Urb.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 21: 582 (1896)

= Zanthoxylum stenopterum C.Wright ex Sauvalle; Anal. Acad. Ci. Habana 5: 287 (1868)

subspecies :

subsp. leonardii (Urb.) Reynel; Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 117: 218 (2017)

Distribution: Dominican Republic; Haiti (incl. Ile de la Gonave)

81 HIS

Synonyms: hidden

= Zanthoxylum leonardii (Urb.) Jiménez; Rhodora 62: 237 (1960)

= Fagara leonardii Urb.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 5 (1927), et Ark. Bot. 22A(8): 54 (1929)

subspecies :

subsp. shaferi (P.Wilson) Reynel; Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 117: 219 (2017)

Distribution: Cuba

81 CUB

Synonyms: hidden

= Zanthoxylum shaferi P.Wilson; N. Amer. Fl. 25: 182 (1911)

= Fagara shaferi (P.Wilson) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 19a: 223 (1931)

= Fagara shaferi (P.Wilson) Kereszty; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 25(1-2): 11 (1979)

species :

Zanthoxylum tahitense (Nadeaud) J.Florence & N.Hallé; Dir. Centres d´Expér. Nucl., Service Mixte Contrôle Biol., Rapa 136 (1986 publ. 1987)

Distribution: Society Isl. (Tahiti)

61 SCI

Synonyms: hidden

= Blackburnia pinnata var. tahitensis Nadeaud; Énum. Pl. Tahiti 75 (1873)

species :

Zanthoxylum tambopatense Reynel; Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 117: 169 (2017)

Distribution: Peru

83 PER

species :

Zanthoxylum tenuipedicellatum (Kokwaro) Vollesen; Opera Bot. 59: 57 (1980)

Distribution: Tanzania

25 TAN

Synonyms: hidden

= Zanthoxylum holtzianum subsp. tenuipedicellatum Kokwaro; Kew Bull. 32: 798 (1978)

species :

Zanthoxylum tetraphyllum (Urb. & Ekman) J.Jiménez Alm.; Rhodora 62: 237 (1960)

Distribution: Dominican Republic; Haiti

81 HIS

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara furcyensis Urb.; Ark. Bot. 20A(5): 16 (1926)

= Fagara tetraphylla Urb. & Ekman; Ark. Bot. 20A(5): 15 (1926)

= Zanthoxylum furcyense (Urb.) J.Jiménez Alm.; Rhodora 62: 236 (1960)

species :

Zanthoxylum tetraspermum Wight & Arn.; Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. [Wight & Arnott] 148 (1834)

Distribution: India (Tamil Nadu, Karnataka); Sri Lanka

40 IND SRL

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara tetrasperma (Wight & Arn.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 118 (1896)

species :

Zanthoxylum thomense (Engl.) A.Chev. ex P.G.Waterman; Taxon 24(2-3): 365 (1975)

Distribution: São Tomé; Gabon

23 GAB SAO

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara thomensis Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 23: 149 (1897)

species :

Zanthoxylum thorncroftii (I.Verd.) P.G.Waterman; Taxon 24(2-3): 365 (1975)

Distribution: South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga)

27 SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara thorncroftii I.Verd.; J. Bot. 57: 202 (1919)

species :

Zanthoxylum thouvenotii H.Perrier; Mem. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. 2, 67(3): 9 (1948)

Distribution: Madagascar

29 MDG

species :

Zanthoxylum tidorense Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 3: 246 (1867)

Distribution: Moluccas (Tidore)

42 MOL

species :

Zanthoxylum timoriense Span.; Linnaea 15: 185 (1841)

Distribution: Lesser Sunda Isl. (Timor)

42 LSI

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Zanthoxylum tingana Reynel; Novon 28(1): 5 (2020)

Distribution: Ecuador

83 ECU

species :

Zanthoxylum tingoassuiba A.St.-Hil.; Fl. Bras. Merid. [A. St.-Hil.] 1: 78 (1825)

Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Paraná)

84 BRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara articulata (Engl.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 117 (1896)

= Fagara elegans Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 117 (1896)

= Fagara tingoassuiba (A.St.-Hil.) Hoehne; Serv. Sanit. Estad. S. Paulo, n. s. No. 14, 205 (1920)

= Zanthoxylum articulatum Engl.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 12(2): 161 (1860)

= Zanthoxylum elegans Engl.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 12(2): 159 (1860)

= Zanthoxylum lucidum A.St.-Hil.; Fl. Bras. Merid. [A. St.-Hil.] 1: 92 (1825)

= Zanthoxylum nitidum A.St.-Hil.; Fl. Bras. Merid. [A. St.-Hil.] 1: 77 (1825), nom. illeg.

species :

Zanthoxylum tomentellum Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 1(3): 493-494 (1875)

Distribution: China (Yunnan); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Meghalaya, Sikkim); Myanmar

36 CHI 40 BHU IND NEP 41 MYA

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara tomentella (Hook.f.) Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7(3): 624 (1933)

= Fagara tomentella var. mekongensis Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7(3): 624 (1933)

species :

Zanthoxylum tragodes (L.) DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 725 (1824)

Name: Una de gato (Dominican Republic), Bois campeche (Haiti), Amparher, Ram goat (Lesser Antilles), Niaragato (Puerto Rico)

Distribution: Cuba; Jamaica; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (St. Croix, St. Thomas); Anguilla; St. Barthélémy; Antigua; Barbuda; Montserrat; Guadeloupe; Marie-Galante; Dominica; Martinique; St. Lucia; St. Vincent; Barbados

81 ABA AGU BBD CUB DOM GDL HIS JAM MAR MTS PUE SBA STL STV VIR

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara leonis (Alain) Kereszty; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 25(1-2): 12 (1979)

= Fagara microphylla Desf.; Tabl. École Bot., ed. 1, 200 (1804)

= Fagara schinifolia Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 67 (1796)

= Fagara spinifex Jacq.; Fragm. Bot. 10 (1809)

= Fagara tragodes (L.) Jacq.; Enum. Syst. Pl. 12 (1760)

= Pterota tragodes (L.) Crantz; Inst. Rei Herb. 2: 417 (1766)

= Zanthoxylum leonis Alain; Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio De La Salle No. 9, 23 (1950)

= Zanthoxylum microphyllum Desf.; Cat. Pl. Horti Paris. ed. 3, 256, nomen (1829)

= Zanthoxylum spinifex (Jacq.) DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 728 (1824)

species :

Zanthoxylum trijugum (Dunkley) P.G.Waterman; Taxon 24(2-3): 365 (1975)

Distribution: Tanzania; SW-Zambia; Zimbabwe

25 TAN 26 ZAM ZIM

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara trijuga Dunkley; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1934: 186 (1934)

species :

Zanthoxylum tsihanimposa H.Perrier; Mem. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. 2, 67(3): 11 (1948)

Distribution: Madagascar

29 MDG

species :

Zanthoxylum undulatifolium Hemsl.; Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 9(33): 148-149 (1895)

Distribution: China (W-Hubei, S-Shaanxi, E-Sichuan, NE-Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Zanthoxylum unifoliolatum Groppo & Pirani; Phytotaxa 314(2): 260 (2017)

Distribution: Brazil (Sergipe)

84 BRA

species :

Zanthoxylum usambarense (Engl.) Kokwaro; Kew Bull. 32(4): 798 (1978)

Distribution: Rwanda; Burundi; S-Ethiopia; Kenya; NE-Tanzania; N-Malawi

23 BUR RWA 24 ETH 25 KEN TAN 26 MLW

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara becquetii G.C.C.Gilbert; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 28: 376 (1958)

= Fagara consolatae Chiov.; Racc. Bot. 14 (1935)

= Fagara usambarensis Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 36: 242 (1905)

= Zanthoxylum becquetii (G.C.C.Gilbert) P.G.Waterman; Taxon 24(2-3): 363 (1975)

species :

Zanthoxylum usitatum Pierre ex Laness.; Pl. Util. Col. Franç. 304 (1886)

Distribution: Vietnam

41 VIE

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Zanthoxylum verrucosum (Cuatrec.) P.G.Waterman; Taxon 24(2-3): 365 (1975)

Distribution: Colombia (Cauca, Quindío, Valle); Ecuador

82 CLM 83 ECU

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara verrucosa Cuatrec.; Rev. Acad. Colombia. 8: 301 (1951)

species :

Zanthoxylum vinkii T.G.Hartley; J. Arnold Arbor. 47: 201 (1966)

Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya)

42 NWG

species :

Zanthoxylum viride (A.Chev.) P.G.Waterman; Taxon 24(2-3): 365 (1975)

Distribution: Guinea; Sierra Leone; ?Liberia; Ivory Coast; Ghana; SW-Nigeria; Cameroon; Congo [Brazzaville]

22 GHA GUI IVO NGA SIE 23 CMN CON

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara fuscopilosa Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 54(4): 300 (1917)

= Fagara viridis A.Chev.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 58: Mem. VIII. 143 (1911) (1912)

= Zanthoxylum attiense A.Chev.; Explor. Bot. Afrique Occ. Franc. 1: 99 (1920), nomen, et ex Hutch. & Dalziel, Fl. W. Trop. Afr. [Hutchinson & Dalziel] 1: 481 (1928), in syn.

species :

Zanthoxylum vitiense A.C.Sm.; Bull. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 141, 77 (1936)

Distribution: Fiji

60 FIJ

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara vitiensis (A.C.Sm.) A.C.Sm.; J. Arnold Arbor. 32: 229 (1951)

species :

Zanthoxylum wutaiense Chen; Taiwan Sci. 26(34: 56, f. 1 (1972)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

species :

Zanthoxylum xichouense C.C.Huang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16(2): 83 (1978)

Distribution: China (SE-Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Zanthoxylum yakumontanum (Sugim.) H.Nagamasu; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 37(4-6): 137 (1986)

Distribution: Japan (Yakushima Isl.)

38 JAP NNS

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara ailanthoides var. yakumontana Sugim.; New Keys Jap. Trees 258, 461 (1961)

species :

Zanthoxylum yuanjiangense C.C.Huang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16(2): 81 (1978)

Distribution: China (S-Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides (Lam.) Zepern. & Timler; Willdenowia 11(2): 361 (1981)

Distribution: Senegal; Gambia; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; S-Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon

22 BEN BKN GAM GHA GNB GUI IVO MLI NGA SEN TOG 23 CMN

Synonyms: hidden

= Fagara senegalensis (DC.) A.Chev.; Expl. Bot. Afr. Occ. Franc. 1: 101 (1920)

= Fagara zanthoxyloides Lam.; Encycl. [J. Lamarck et al.] 2(2): 446 (1788)

= Zanthoxylum polygamum Schumach.; Beskr. Guin. Pl. 433 (1827)

= Zanthoxylum senegalense DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 726 (1824)

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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 24.12 (December 15th, 2024)

Covering 355,703 accepted species,
8,716 hybrids, 47,863 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,001,068 synonyms,
in total 1,413,410* names

[about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus*" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life

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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 24.12 (December 15th, 2024)

Covering 355,703 accepted species, 8,716 hybrids, 47,863 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,001,068 synonyms, in total 1,413,410* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life

Covering 355,703 accepted species,
8,716 hybrids, 47,863 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,001,068 synonyms,
in total 1,413,410* names

[about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus*" are deliberately omitted]