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251.0000 Family Urticaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 400 (1789), nom. cons.
ca. 55 genera, ca. 2050 spp. Phylogeny: Wu et al. (2013)
Species listed in database: 2082; hybrids: 6
= Cecropiaceae C.C.Berg; Taxon 27: 39 (1978)
= Parietariaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 261 (1820)
251.2243 Genus Urtica L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 983 (1753)
Distribution: almost cosmopolitan, but chiefly in temp. regions, a few in the tropics
Species listed in database: 68; hybrids: 1
= Selepsion Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 48 (1836)
= Adicea Raf.; First Cat. Gard. Transylv. Univ. 13 (1824)
= Ildefonsia Mart. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 802 (1841)
species :
Urtica ardens Link; Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 385 (1822)
Distribution: China (W-Guangxi, Yunnan); SE-Tibet; Pakistan (Hazara); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, West Bengal)
36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Laportea ardens (Link) Blume ex J.J.Sm.; Meded. Dept. Landb. Ned.-Indië 10: 684 (1910)
= Urtica himalayensis Kunth & C.D.Bouché; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 7: 182 (1847)
= Urtica mairei var. oblongifolia C.J.Chen; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 3(2): 122-123 (1983)
= Urtica virulenta Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 4586 (1831), nomen
= Urtica zayuensis C.J.Chen; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 3(2): 123-124 (1983)
species :
Urtica aspera Petrie; Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 51: 107 (1918 publ. 1919)
Distribution: New Zealand
51 NZL
species :
Urtica atrichocaulis (Hand.-Mazz.) C.J.Chen; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 3(2): 109 (1983)
Distribution: China (SW-Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Urtica dioica var. atrichocaulis Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7(1): 110 (1929)
species :
Urtica atrovirens Req. ex Loisel.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6: 432 (1827)
Distribution: Corsica; Sardinia; Italy (incl. Capraia Isl., Elba, Giglio, Gorgona)
12 COR SAR 13 ITA
Synonyms: hidden
= Urtica grandidentata Moris; Stirp. Sard. Elench. 2: 9 (1827)
= Urtica atrovirens var. angustifolia Wedd.; Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 9: 69 (1856)
= Urtica atrovirens var. floribunda Wedd.; Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 9: 69 (1856)
species :
Urtica australis Hook.f.; Bot. Antarct. Voy. I. (Fl. Antarct.) 68 (1844)
Distribution: New Zealand (Foveaux Strait Isl.); Chatham Isl.; Antipodes Isl.; Auckland Isl.
51 ATP AUC CTM NZL
Synonyms: hidden
= Urtica aucklandica Hook.f.; Bot. Antarct. Voy. I. (Fl. Antarct.) 68 (1844)
species :
Urtica berteroana Phil.; Linnaea 33: 235 (1864 publ. 1865)
Distribution: Bolivia (La Paz); Chile (Coquimbo, Valparaíso, Metropolitana de Santiago)
83 BOL 85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Urtica echinata var. berteroana (Phil.) Wedd.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(1): 42 (1869)
= Urtica echinata var. lamifolia Wedd.
species :
Urtica bianorii (Knoche) Paiva; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 50: 130 (1992)
Distribution: Baleares (Mallorca)
12 BAL
Synonyms: hidden
= Urtica atrovirens subsp. bianorii (Knoche) Font Quer & Garcías Font; Fl. Hisp. [Font Quer] Cent. 6: no. 514 (1951)
= Urtica atrovirens var. bianorii Knoche; Fl. Balear. 1: 421 (1921)
species :
Urtica cannabina L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 984 (1753)
Name: Hanf-Brennnessel (DE)
Distribution: Sweden [I]; Germany [I]; Poland [I]; European Russia; Ukraine; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Amur [I], Khabarovsk [I], Magadan [I], Primorye [I]); Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Iran (N-Iran); China (Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang); Mongolia
10 swe 11 ger pol 14 RUS UKR 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ KGZ TZK 34 IRN 36 CHI 37 MON
Synonyms: hidden
= Urtica cannabina f. angustiloba Chu; Fl. Pl. Herb. Chin. Bor.-Or. 2: 107 (Addenda) (1959)
species :
Urtica chamaedryoides Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 1: 113 (1813)
subspecies :
subsp. chamaedryoides
Name: Heartleaf nettle
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, West Virginia); Mexico (Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Ciudad de Mexico, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México State, Michoacán, Morelos, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Querétaro, San Luis Potosi, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz); Guatemala
74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 80 GUA
Synonyms: hidden
= Urtica alba Raf.; Fl. Ludov. 114 (1817)
= Urtica aureliana Riddell; New Orleans Med. Surg. J. 9: 614 (1853)
= Urtica berlandiera Blume; Mus. Bot. 2: 151 (1856)
= Urtica bovista Riddell ex Wedd.; Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 9: 61 (1856)
= Urtica chamaedryoides var. angustifolia Wedd.; Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 9: 61 (1856)
= Urtica chamaedryoides var. latifolia Wedd.; Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 9: 61 (1856)
= Urtica chamaedryoides var. orizabae (Liebm.) Wedd.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(1): 43 (1869)
= Urtica chamaedryoides var. parvifolia Wedd.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(1): 43 (1869)
= Urtica chamaedryoides var. runyonii Correll; Wrightia 3: 129 (1965)
= Urtica glandulifera Liebm.; Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd., Ser. 5, 2: 293 (1851)
= Urtica gracilescens Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 151 (1857)
= Urtica gracilis Raf.; Atlantic J. 1: 16 (1832), nom. illeg.
= Urtica orizabae Liebm.; Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd., Ser. 5, 2: 292 (1851)
= Urtica propinqua Liebm.; Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd., Ser. 5, 2: 293 (1851)
= Urtica purpurascens Nutt.; Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 5: 169 (1837)
= Urtica purpurascens Lindh. ex Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 4, 1: 179 (1854)
= Urtica stachydifolia Kunth & C.D.Bouché; Index Sem. (Berlin) 1846: 11 (1847)
= Urtica verna Raf.; Atlantic J. 1: 16 (1832)
subspecies :
subsp. microsperma Hauman; Anales Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 32: 413 (1925)
Distribution: Bolivia (La Paz); Argentina (Catamarca, Cordoba, Jujuy, La Rioja, Salta, San Juan, Tucuman)
83 BOL 85 ARG
Synonyms: hidden
= Urtica chamaedryoides f. hygrophila Hauman; Anales Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 32: 414 (1925)
= Urtica chamaedryoides f. xerophila Hauman; Anales Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 32: 414 (1925)
species :
Urtica chengkouensis W.T.Wang; Guihaia 37(5): 542 (2017)
Distribution: China (Sichuan)
36 CHI
species :
Urtica circularis (Hicken) Sorarú; Darwiniana 17: 277 (1972)
Distribution: Bolivia (Tarija); S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Central, Cordillera, San Pedro); Uruguay (Cerro Largo, Lavalleja, Maldonado, Montevideo, San Jose); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Cordoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Jujuy, La Rioja, Misiones, Salta, Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, San Juan, San Luis, Tucuman)
83 BOL 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Urtica chamaedryoides var. circularis (Hicken) Hauman; Anales Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 32: 413 (1925)
= Urtica spatulata var. circularis Hicken; Apuntes Hist. Nat. 2: 79 (1910)
species :
Urtica dioica L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 984 (1753)
subspecies :
subsp. dioica
Name: Große Brennessel (DE), Stinging Nettle (EN)
Distribution: Iceland; Faeroe Isl.; England (England, Wales, Isle of Man, Scotland, Outer Hebrides, St. Kilda Isl., Orkney Isl., Shetland Isl., Isles of Scilly); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; Gibraltar; France; Channel Isl. (Alderney, Guernsey, Jersey, Sark); Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread mainland, Evvoia, Kerkyra, Ionian Isl., Thasos, Samothraki, Evvoia); Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; European Russia (widespread); Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; South Africa [I]; Lesotho [I]; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia [I]); Russian Far East [I] (Khabarovsk [I], Primorye [I]); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Chios); Turkey (Anatolia); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Kabul, Kunar / Nuristan, Wardak, Paktia / Khost); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon; Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria; Mongolia; Pakistan (Kurram, Chitral, Swat, Hazara, Murree, Gilgit, Astor); Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Northeast, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, West Bengal, Dras, Ladakh, Poonch); Java; Australia [I] (Queensland [I], New South Wales [I]); Alaska [I]; Greenland [I]; Canada [I] (British Columbia [I], New Brunswick [I], Newfoundland [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Prince Edward Isl. [I], Québec [I]); St. Pierre et Miquelon [I]; USA [I] (Alabama [I], California [I], Connecticut [I], District of Columbia [I], Delaware [I], Florida [I], Georgia [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], Maine [I], Michigan [I], North Carolina [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Oklahoma [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], South Carolina [I], Tennessee [I], Virginia [I], Vermont [I], Washington State [I], West Virginia [I]); Mexico [I]; Guatemala [I]; Belize [I]; Colombia [I]; Ecuador [I]; Bolivia [I]; Brazil [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Biobío [I], Araucanía [I], Los Lagos [I]); South Georgia Isl. [I]
10 DEN FIN FOR GRB ICE IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO CIS COR FRA GIB POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT MLD RUS UKR 20 ALG LBY MOR TUN 27 les saf 30 SIB 31 rfe 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG CYP EAI IRN IRQ LEB SYR TUR 37 MON 40 BHU IND NEP PAK 42 JAW 50 aus 70 ask gnl 71 cdn 72 cdn spm 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 78 usa 79 mex 80 blz gua 82 clm 83 bol ecu 84 bra 85 arg cle 91 sge
Remarks: Distribution data unclear because many species formerly included in U. dioica have now been removed. U. dioica s. str. is probably restricted to C- and W-Eurasia (Grosse-Veldmann & Weigend 2015). Chinese material probably belongs to an undescribed species around U. cannabina.
Synonyms: hidden
= Urtica bracteola Charit.; Form. Rastitel´n. Pokrova Basseyna Irtysha 45 (-46) (2022)
= Urtica dioica f. carpatica Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 7B(47B): 272 (1907)
= Urtica dioica f. czarnohorensis Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 7B(47B): 272 (1907)
= Urtica dioica f. hispida (DC.) Sagorski & Gus.Schneider; Fl. Centralkarpath. [Sagorski & Gus.Schneider] 450 (1891)
= Urtica dioica f. horrida (Wedd.) Hadac & Smarda; 49 (1960), nom. inval.
= Urtica dioica f. parvifolia Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 7B(47B): 272 (1907), nom. illeg.
= Urtica dioica f. ramosa L.Neumann; Sver. Fl. 587 (1901)
= Urtica dioica f. subsetosa Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 7B(47B): 273 (1907)
= Urtica dioica f. trilobescens (Ullep.) Sagorski & Gus.Schneid.; Fl. Centralkarpath. [Sagorski & Gus.Schneid.] 450 (1891)
= Urtica dioica subvar. montana Wedd.; Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 9: 77 (1856)
= Urtica dioica var. androgyna Beck; Fl. Nieder-Österreich 1: 306 (1890)
= Urtica dioica var. carpatica (Zapal.) A.Schreib.; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi, Begr.], ed. 3, 3: 301 (1981)
= Urtica dioica var. cordifolia Podp.; Spisy Prír. Fak. Masarykovy Univ. 12: 18 (1922)
= Urtica dioica var. curvidens Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 601 (1866)
= Urtica dioica var. hermaphrodita Celak.; Arch. Naturwiss. Landesdurchf. Böhmen 1(3) (Prodr. Fl. Böhmen 1): 146 (1867)
= Urtica dioica var. hispida (DC.) Wedd.; 77 (1856)
= Urtica dioica var. inermis Walther; Fl. Giessen 686 (1802)
= Urtica dioica var. lamiifolia Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 601 (1866)
= Urtica dioica var. latifolia Farw.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 12: 57 (1930), nom. illeg.
= Urtica dioica var. latifolia Ledeb.; Fl. Altaic. [Ledebour] 240 (1833), nomen
= Urtica dioica var. latifolia Peterm. ex Opiz; (1852), nom. illeg. & superfl.
= Urtica dioica var. macrodonta Borbás; Balaton Tavának Növényföldr. 337 (1900)
= Urtica dioica var. microphylla Baen.; Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 3/4: 233 (1862), nom. illeg.
= Urtica dioica var. microphylla Hausm.; Fl. Tirol [Hausmann] 2: ? (1852)
= Urtica dioica var. mirabilis Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 7B(47B): 271 (1907)
= Urtica dioica var. montana Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 601 (1866), nom. illeg.
= Urtica dioica var. parvifolia Wierzb. ex Heuff.; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 8: 157 (1858)
= Urtica dioica var. pseudobalearica Lojac.; Fl. Sicul. [Lojacono] 2: 350 (1904)
= Urtica dioica var. ramosa Neuman; Bot. Not. 1883: 96 (1883)
= Urtica dioica var. ramosissima L.Richt.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 22: 167 (1872)
= Urtica dioica var. sicula (Gasp. ex Guss.) Wedd.; Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 9: 78 (1856)
= Urtica dioica var. trilobescens Ullep.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 38: 20 (1888)
= Urtica dioica var. urens Walther; Fl. Giessen 686 (1802)
= Urtica dioica var. vulgaris Wedd.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(1): 50 (1869), nomen
= Urtica eckloniana Blume; Mus. Bot. 2: 142 (1856)
= Urtica haussknechtii Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4(2): 1146 (1879)
= Urtica macrophylla Schltdl.; Linnaea 27: 488 (1856), nomen
= Urtica major Garsault; Fig. Pl. Méd., t. 637a (1764), opus utique rej.
= Urtica major Kanitz; Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 20: 190 (1862)
= Urtica microphylla Boiss. & Hausskn.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4(2): 1147 (1879), nomen
= Urtica sicula Gasp. ex Guss.; Fl. Sicul. Syn. 2: 580 (1845)
= Urtica submitis Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4(2): 1146 (1879)
= Urtica tuberculata Charit.; Form. Rastitel´n. Pokrova Basseyna Irtysha 73 (2022)
variant :
var. glabrata (Clem. ex Visiani) Asch. & Graeb.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 4: 609 (1911)
Distribution: N-Italy
13 ITA
Synonyms: hidden
= Urtica glabrata Clementi; Atti Riunione Sci. Ital. 3: 1518 (1841 publ. 1842)
= Urtica dioica subvar. glabrata (Clem.) Wedd.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(1): 51 (1869)
variant :
var. hispida (Lam. ex DC.) Tausch ex Ott; Cat. Fl. Böhm. [Ott], ed. 2: 41 (1851)
Distribution: Switzerland; France; Italy; Albania
11 SWI 12 FRA 13 ALB ITA
Synonyms: hidden
= Urtica dioica f. hispida (Lam. ex DC.) Sagorski & Gus.Schneid.; Fl. Centralkarpath. [Sagorski & Gus.Schneid.] 2: 450 (1891)
= Urtica dioica proles hispida (Lam. ex DC.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 12: 273 (1910)
= Urtica dioica subsp. hispida (DC.) Chrtek; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 150(3-4): 212 (1981 publ. 1982)
= Urtica dioica subsp. hispida (Lam. ex DC.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 657 (1881)
= Urtica dioica subvar. duplicatoserrata Wedd.; Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 9: 77 (1856)
= Urtica dioica subvar. hispida (Lam. ex DC.) Wedd.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(1): 50 (1869)
= Urtica dioica subvar. horrida (Wedd.) Wedd.; (1869)
= Urtica dioica subvar. horrida Wedd.; Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 9: 77 (1856)
= Urtica dioica var. hispidula (Cariot) Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 3: 139 (1911)
= Urtica dioica var. horrida (Wedd.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 12: 273 (1910)
= Urtica hispida Lam. ex DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 6: 355 (1815)
= Urtica hispidula Cariot; Étude Fl. [A.Cariot], éd. 2, 2: 505 (1854)
variant :
var. holosericea Fr.; Novit. Fl. Suec. Alt. 281 (1828)
Distribution: England; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Germany; Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Spain; France; Italy; Lithuania; European Russia; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Amur, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Magadan, Primorye, Sakhalin); Turkey; China (Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shandong, Shanxi); Mongolia; North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)
10 FIN GRB NOR SWE 11 AUT CZE GER POL SWI 12 FRA SPA 13 ITA 14 LIT RUS 30 SIB 31 RFE 34 TUR 36 CHI 37 MON 38 JAP KOR NKO
Synonyms: hidden
= Urtica angustifolia Fisch. ex Hornem.; Hort. Bot. Hafn. Suppl. 107 (1819)
= Urtica angustifolia var. sikokiana (Makino) Ohwi; Fl. Jap. [Ohwi] 435 (1953)
= Urtica dioica f. angustifolia (Fisch. ex Hornem.) Regel; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 4(4): 133 (1861)
= Urtica dioica subsp. angustifolia (Fisch. ex Hornem.) Domin
= Urtica dioica subvar. umbrosa Wedd.; Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 9: 77 (1856), nom. illeg.
= Urtica dioica var. angustifolia (Fisch. ex Hornem.) Ledeb.; Fl. Altaic. [Ledebour] 4: 241 (1833)
= Urtica dioica var. angustifolia A.Blytt; (1869), nom. illeg.
= Urtica dioica var. angustifolia Heuff.; (1858), nom. illeg.
= Urtica dioica var. angustifolia Peterm. ex Opiz; (1852), nom. illeg.
= Urtica dioica var. angustifolia Schltr.; Linnaea 141 (1832)
= Urtica dioica var. angustifolia Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. [Wimmer & Grabowski] 2(2): 336 (1829)
= Urtica dioica var. elegans Chenevard; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 4: 806 (1904)
= Urtica dioica var. monoica Tausch ex Ott; Cat. Fl. Böhm. [Ott], ed. 2: 41 (1851)
= Urtica dioica var. pilosa Asch. & Graebn.; Fl. Nordostdeut. Flachl. 262 (1898)
= Urtica dioica var. sikokiana Makino ex Ohwi; Fl. Jap. [Ohwi] 435 (1953)
= Urtica dioica var. sikokiana Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 23: 84 (1909)
= Urtica dioica var. spicata Asch. & Graebn.; Fl. Nordostdeut. Flachl. 262 (1898)
= Urtica dioica var. umbrosa (Wedd.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 12: 273 (1910), nom. illeg.
= Urtica dioica var. umbrosa Opiz; Seznam [Opiz] 100 (1852)
= Urtica foliosa Blume; Mus. Bot. 2(9): 142 (1856)
= Urtica sikokiana (Makino) Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 24: 55 (1910)
variant :
var. sarmatica Zapal.; Consp. Fl. Galic. Crit. 2: 93 (1908)
Distribution: Germany; Poland
11 GER POL
subspecies :
subsp. afghanica Chrtek; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 105: 3, pl. 1, f. 28-29 (1974)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Badakshan, Baghlan, Ghorat, Kabul, Kunar / Nuristan, Wardak, Parwan); China (Xinjiang); Tibet
34 AFG 36 CHI TIB
Synonyms: hidden
= Urtica dioica subsp. xingjiangensis C.J.Chen; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 3(2): 118-119 (1983)
subspecies :
subsp. cypria H.Lindb.; Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn., Ser. B, Opera Biol. 2(7): 12 (1946)
Distribution: Cyprus
34 CYP
Synonyms: hidden
= Urtica cypria (H.Lindb.) Hand; Cypricola 12: 15 (2019)
subspecies :
subsp. gansuensis C.J.Chen; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 3(2): 119 (1983)
Distribution: China (E-Gansu, Qinghai, NW-Sichuan, W-Xinjiang); Tibet
36 CHI TIB
Synonyms: hidden
= Urtica tibetica W.T.Wang; Fl. Xizang. 1: 526, f. 169: 4-6 (1983)
subspecies :
subsp. kurdistanica Chrtek; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 105: 4 (1974)
Distribution: Turkey (Anatolia); Iraq; Iran; Syria
34 IRN IRQ SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Urtica dioica lusus xiphodon (Stapf) Stapf; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 39(Abh.): 212 (1889)
= Urtica xiphodon Stapf; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 51: 3 (1886)
subspecies :
subsp. pubescens (Ledeb.) Domin; Cas. Ceského Lékárn. 57(7-8): 71 (1944)
Name: Hohlzahnblättrige Brennnessel (DE)
Distribution: Hungary; Sardinia; Italy; Bulgaria; S-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Siberia (Altai); Northern Caucasus; Turkey (Anatolia)
11 HUN 12 SAR 13 BUL ITA 14 KRY MLD RUS UKR 30 SIB 33 NCS 34 TUR
Remarks: not to be confused with U. subinermis
Synonyms: hidden
= Urtica dioica subsp. galeopsifolia (Wierzb. ex Opiz) Chrtek; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 150(3-4): 212 (1981 publ. 1982)
= Urtica dioica var. galeopsifolia (Wierzb. ex Opiz) Kanitz ex Wedd.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(1): 51 (1869)
= Urtica dioica var. pubescens (Ledeb.) Trautv.
= Urtica galeopsifolia Wierzb. ex Opiz; Naturalientausch 9: 107 (1825)
= Urtica microphylla Boiss. & Hausskn. ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4(2): 1147 (1879)
= Urtica pubescens Ledeb.; Fl. Altaic. [Ledebour] 4: 240 (1833), in nota
subspecies :
subsp. sondenii (Simmons) Hyl.; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 8(1): 47 (1971)
Distribution: Norway; Sweden; Finland; Belarus; European Russia; Ukraine; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); China (Xinjiang); Mongolia
10 FIN NOR SWE 14 BLR RUS UKR 30 SIB 36 CHI 37 MON
Synonyms: hidden
= Urtica dioica var. sondenii Simmons; Fl. Veg. Kiruna 1: 78 (1910)
= Urtica gracilis subsp. sondenii (Simmons) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Bot. Not. 128(4): 506 (1975 publ. 1976), isonym
= Urtica sondenii (Simmons) Avrorin; Fl. Murmansk. Obl. 3: 136 (1956), nom. inval.
= Urtica sondenii (Simmons) Avrorin ex Geltman; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 25: 76 (1988)
species :
Urtica domingensis Urb.; Ark. Bot. 23A(5): 2 (1930)
Distribution: Dominican Republic; Haiti
81 HIS
Synonyms: hidden
= Urtica domingensis var. inermis Urb.; Ark. Bot. 23A(5): 2 (1930)
variant :
var. setifera Urb.; Ark. Bot. 23A(5): 2 (1930)
Distribution: Haiti
81 HIS
species :
Urtica echinata Benth.; Pl. Hartw. [Bentham] 252 (1846)
Distribution: Colombia (Boyacá); Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (La Paz, Oruro, Potosí); Argentina (Catamarca, Jujuy, La Rioja, Salta, Tucuman); Chile (Arica y Parinacota, Tarapacá, Antofagasta)
82 CLM 83 BOL ECU PER 85 ARG CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Urtica andicola Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 18: 198 (1852)
= Urtica echinata var. andicola (Wedd.) J.R.Perkins; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 49: 193 (1913)
= Urtica echinata var. punctulata Hauman; Anales Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 32: 415 (1925)
species :
Urtica ferox G.Forst.; Fl. Ins. Austr. 66 (1786)
Distribution: New Zealand (widespread)
51 NZL
Synonyms: hidden
= Urticastrum ferox (Blanco) Lyons; Plant Names Scientific & Popular, 385 (1900)
species :
Urtica fissa E.Pritz.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29(2): 301 (1900)
Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, SE-Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, S-Shaanxi, C-Yunnan, Zhejiang); Vietnam
36 CHI 41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Urtica fissa E.Pritz. ex Diels; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29: 301 (1901)
= Urtica pingaensis H.Lév. & Blin.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10(257-259): 371 (1912)
species :
Urtica flabellata Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 2: 40 (1817)
Distribution: Colombia (Nariño); Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (La Paz); Argentina (Jujuy); Chile (Arica y Parinacota)
82 CLM 83 BOL ECU PER 85 ARG CLE
species :
Urtica fragilis J.Thiébaut; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 82: 4 (1935)
Distribution: European Turkey; Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon)
13 TUE 34 LEB
species :
Urtica glomeruliflora Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 735 (1841); et in Flora 33: 257 (1850)
Distribution: Juan Fdz. Isl.
85 JNF
Synonyms: hidden
= Boehmeria fernandesiana Gay; Fl. Chil. [Gay] 5: 360 (1851)
= Urtica fernandesiana (Gay) H.Ross ex Skottsb.; Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl., n. s. 51(9): 20 (1914)
species :
Urtica gracilenta Greene; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 8: 122 (1881)
Name: Mountain nettle
Distribution: USA (Arizona, New Mexico, Texas); Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas)
76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Urtica granulosa S.F.Blake; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 14: 284 (1924)
species :
Urtica gracilis Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 3: 341 (1789)
subspecies :
subsp. gracilis
Name: California nettle
Distribution: Norway [I]; Alaska; Aleutes; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Labrador, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Northern Territories, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Québec, Saskatchewan, Yukon); St. Pierre et Miquelon; USA (Alabama, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Iowa, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, Montana, North Carolina, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Vermont, Washington State, Wisconsin, West Virginia, Wyoming); Mexico (Chiapas, Chihuahua, Ciudad de Mexico, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México State, Michoacán, Morelos, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Querétaro, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz)
10 nor 70 ASK CDN 71 CDN 72 CDN SPM 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Urtica californica Greene; Pittonia 1: 281 (1889)
= Urtica cardiophylla Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24: 191 (1897)
= Urtica dioica subsp. gracilis (Aiton) Selander; Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 41: 271 (1947)
= Urtica dioica var. angustifolia Schltdl.; Linnaea 7: 141 (1832), nom. illeg.
= Urtica dioica var. californica (Greene) C.L.Hitchc.; Vasc. Pl. Pacif. N. W. [C.L. Hitchcock et al.] 2: 91 (1964)
= Urtica dioica var. gracilis (Aiton) R.L.Taylor & MacBryde; Canad. J. Bot. 56: 190 (1978)
= Urtica dioica var. lyallii (S.Watson) C.L.Hitchc.; Vasc. Pl. Pacif. N. W. [C.L. Hitchcock et al.] 2: 91 (1964)
= Urtica dioica var. procera (Muhl. ex Willd.) Wedd.; Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 9: 78 (1856)
= Urtica gracilis var. latifolia Farw.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 12: 57 (1930)
= Urtica lyallii S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 348 (1875)
= Urtica lyallii var. californica (Greene) Jeps.; Fl. W. Calif. [Jepson] 147 (1901)
= Urtica major H.P.Fuchs; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 234 (1914)
= Urtica procera Muhl. ex Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3(1): 353 (1806)
= Urtica strigosissima Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 39: 305 (1912)
= Urtica viridis Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 39: 305 (1912)
subspecies :
subsp. aquatica (Liebm.) Weigend; Phytotaxa 162(2): 74 (2014)
Distribution: Mexico (México Distrito Federal, Hidalgo, Michoacán, Oaxaca, Puebla, Veracruz); Guatemala
79 MEX 80 GUA
Synonyms: hidden
= Urtica aquatica Liebm.; Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd., Ser. 5, 2: 291 (1851)
= Urtica mexicana Blume; Mus. Bot. 2: 140 (1856), nomen
= Urtica serra Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 140 (1857)
subspecies :
subsp. holosericea (Nutt.) Weigend; Phytotaxa 162(2): 72 (2014)
Name: Stinging nettle
Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington State, Wyoming); Mexico (Baja California Norte)
73 USA 76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Urtica breweri S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 348 (1875)
= Urtica dioica subsp. holosericea (Nutt.) W.A.Weber; Phytologia 58(6): 384 (1985)
= Urtica dioica var. holosericea (Nutt.) C.L.Hitchc.; Vasc. Pl. Pacif. N. W. [C.L. Hitchcock et al.] 2: 91 (1964)
= Urtica dioica var. occidentalis S.Watson; Botany (Fortieth Parallel) 321 (1871)
= Urtica gracilis f. densa Jeps.; Fl. Calif. [Jepson] 1: 367 (1909)
= Urtica gracilis f. greenei Jeps.; Fl. Calif. [Jepson] 1: 367 (1909)
= Urtica gracilis subsp. holosericea (Nutt.) W.A.Weber; Phytologia 58: 384 (1985)
= Urtica gracilis var. densa (Jeps.) Jeps.; Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. [Jepson] 281 (1923)
= Urtica gracilis var. greenei (Jeps.) Jeps.; Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. [Jepson] 280 (-281) (1923)
= Urtica gracilis var. holosericea (Nutt.) Jeps.; Fl. Calif. [Jepson] 1: 367 (1909)
= Urtica holosericea (Nutt.) Nutt.; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 4: 25 (1848)
= Urtica trachycarpa Wedd.; Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 9: 95 (1856)
subspecies :
subsp. incaica Weigend; Phytotaxa 162(2): 76 (2014)
Distribution: Peru
83 PER
subspecies :
subsp. mollis (Steud.) Weigend; Phytotaxa 162(2): 78 (2014)
Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia, Boyacá, Cundinamarca, Risaralda, Valle); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Chubut, Cordoba, Jujuy, La Rioja, Mendoza, Neuquen, Rio Negro, Salta, San Juan, Tucuman); Chile (Antofagasta, Atacama, Coquimbo, Valparaíso, Metropolitana de Santiago, O´Higgins, Maule, Araucanía, Los Lagos, Aisén, Magallanes)
82 CLM 85 ARG CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Urtica buchtienii H.Ross; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 55: 466 (1905)
= Urtica dioica var. diplotricha (Phil.) Wedd.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(1): 51 (1869)
= Urtica dioica var. mollis (Steud.) Wedd.; Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 9: 78 (1856)
= Urtica diplotricha Phil.; Linnaea 33: 234 (1864)
= Urtica mollis Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 735 (1841), et in Flora 33: 258 (1850)
species :
Urtica grandidentata Miq.; Pl. Jungh. [Miquel] 27 (1851), nom. illeg.
subspecies :
subsp. grandidentata
Distribution: Philippines (Luzon, Mindanao); Java
42 JAW PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Urtica bullata Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 145 (1856 publ. 1853)
= Urtica grandidentata var. contracta Hochr.; Candollea 2: 336 (1925)
subspecies :
subsp. lombok K.Becker & Weigend; Phytotaxa 323(3): 227 (2017)
Distribution: Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Lombok)
42 JAW LSI
Synonyms: hidden
= Urtica bullata subsp. lombok (K.Becker & Weigend) Govaerts
species :
Urtica helanshanica W.Z.Di & W.B.Liao; Pl. Vasc. Helanshanicae 327 (1986 publ. 1987)
Distribution: China (Nei Mongol)
36 CHI
species :
Urtica hyperborea Jacq. ex Wedd.; Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 68 (1856)
Distribution: China (Qinghai, NW-Sichuan, S-Xinjiang, S-Gansu); Tibet; Pakistan (Hunza, Baltistan); Nepal; N-India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, Ladakh, Rupshu)
36 CHI TIB 40 IND NEP PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Urtica kunlunshanica C.Y.Yang; Claves Pl. Xinjiang. 2: 84, t. 4, f. 1-2 (1982), sine descr. lat. or type
species :
Urtica incisa Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 4: 224 (1816)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia, South Australia, Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania); Lord Howe Isl. [I]; New Zealand (widespread)
50 AUS lhi 51 NZL
Synonyms: hidden
= Urtica incisa var. linearifolia (Hook.f.) Cheeseman; Man. New Zealand Fl. 636 (1906)
= Urtica linearifolia (Hook.f.) Cockayne; Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 47: 111 (1914 publ. 1915)
= Urtica lucifuga Hook.f.; London J. Bot. 6: 285 (1847)
= Urtica lucifuga var. linearifolia Hook.f.; London J. Bot. 6: 285 (1847)
species :
Urtica kioviensis Rogow.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 16: 324 (1843)
Name: Sumpf-Brennessel, Röhricht-Brennessel (DE)
Distribution: E-Austria; Denmark; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Hessen [I], Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Schleswig-Holstein, Sachsen-Anhalt); Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Croatia; Serbia; Romania; Bulgaria; Belarus; C-European Russia; Ukraine; Israel (Rift Valley)
10 DEN 11 AUT CZE GER HUN SLO 13 BUL CRO ROM SRB 14 BLR RUS UKR 34 ISR
Synonyms: hidden
= Urtica bollae Kanitz; Flora 55: 17 (1872)
= Urtica dioica subsp. kioviensis (Rogow.) Buia; isonym
= Urtica dioica subsp. kioviensis (Rogow.) Domin
= Urtica dioica var. kioviensis (Rogow.) Wedd.; Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 9: 78 (1856)
= Urtica hulensis Feinbrun; Palestine J. Bot., Jerusalem Ser. 4: 114 (1947)
= Urtica radicans Bolla; Verh. Vereins Natur- Heilk. Presburg 1: Abh. 9
species :
Urtica lalibertadensis Weigend; Revista Peru. Biol. 12(2): 259 (2006)
Distribution: Peru
83 PER
species :
Urtica laurifolia Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 4: 224 (1816)
Distribution: Argentina (Tierra del Fuego)
85 ARG
species :
Urtica leptophylla Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 2: 89 (1817)
Name: Horehound-leaf nettle
Distribution: USA [I] (Maryland [I]); Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia (Antioquia, Boyacá, Cauca, Cundinamarca, Huila, Nariño, Norte de Santander, Santander); Venezuela (Merida, Tachira); Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (La Paz)
78 usa 80 COS PAN 82 CLM VEN 83 BOL ECU PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Urtica ballotifolia var. macrostachya Wedd.; Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 9: 74 (1856)
= Urtica ballotifolia Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 18: 197 (1852)
= Urtica copeyana Killip; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 18: 398 (1937)
= Urtica nicaraguensis Liebm.; Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd., Ser. 5, 2: 8 (1851)
species :
Urtica lilloi (Hauman) Geltman; Novon 8(1): 17 (1998)
Distribution: Argentina (Catamarca, Jujuy, Salta, Tucuman)
85 ARG
Synonyms: hidden
= Urtica magellanica var. lilloi Hauman; Anales Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 32: 415 (1925)
species :
Urtica lobata E.Mey. ex Blume; Mus. Bot. 2: 144 (1856)
Distribution: South Africa (Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho
27 LES SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Urtica burchellii N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 544 (1925)
= Urtica lobulata E.Mey.; Zwei Pflanzengeogr. Docum. [Drège] 228 (1843) ex Blume, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 144 (1856)
= Urtica meyeri Wedd.; Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 9: 64 (1856), nom. superfl.
species :
Urtica longispica Killip; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 19: 191 (1929)
Distribution: Colombia (Caldas, Caquetá, Cauca, Cundinamarca, Nariño, Norte de Santander, Putumayo, Quindío, Santander, Valle); Ecuador
82 CLM 83 ECU
species :
Urtica macbridei Killip; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15: 49 (1925)
Distribution: Ecuador; Peru
83 ECU PER
species :
Urtica magellanica A.Juss. ex Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 4: 223 (1816)
Name: Ortiga caballuna [Chile]
Distribution: Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Chuquisaca, La Paz, Tarija); Argentina (Chubut, Neuquen, Rio Negro, Santa Cruz, Tierra del Fuego); Chile (Coquimbo, Valparaíso, Metropolitana de Santiago, O´Higgins, Maule, Ñuble, Biobío, Araucanía, Los Rios, Los Lagos, Aisén, Magallanes)
83 BOL ECU PER 85 ARG CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Urtica bracteata Steud.; Flora 33: 258 (1850) (fide Weigend & Luebert 2009)
= Urtica darwinii Hook.f.; Bot. Antarct. Voy. I. (Fl. Antarct.) 343 (1846)
= Urtica dioica var. pycnantha Wedd.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(1): 52 (1869)
= Urtica dioica var. steudelii Wedd.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(1): 52 (1869)
= Urtica magellanica subsp. bracteata (Steud.) Geltman; Novon 8(1): 17 (1998)
= Urtica magellanica var. bracteata (Steud.) Wedd.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(1): 47 (1869)
= Urtica magellanica var. glomeruliflora Wedd.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(1): 47 (1869)
= Urtica pseudodioica Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 735 (1841)
species :
Urtica mairei H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12(317-321): 183 (1913)
Distribution: China (Guangxi, SW-Sichuan, Yunnan); SE-Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, West Bengal); Myanmar
36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP 41 MYA
species :
Urtica malipoensis W.T.Wang; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 34(4): 433 (2014)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Urtica masafuerae Phil.; Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 14: 647 (1856), et in Anales Univ. Chile 167 (1856)
Distribution: Juan Fdz. Isl. (Masafuera)
85 JNF
species :
Urtica massaica Mildbr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 8: 275 (1923)
Distribution: E-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; ?Burundi; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania
23 RWA ZAI 25 KEN TAN UGA
species :
Urtica membranacea Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 4: 638 (1798)
Name: Geschwänzte Brennessel (DE); Ortiga larga (ES); Mediterranean Nettle (EN)
Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Scotland [I]); Netherlands [I]; Germany [I]; Portugal; Spain; Gibraltar; Baleares; France; Monaco; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); San Marino; Croatia; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; Albania; European Turkey; Greece (coastal Peloponnisos, Kerkyra, Ionian Isl., Sporades, Skiros, Kiklades: Andros, Tinos, Mikonos, Siros, Amorgos); Crete; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Azores (Santa Maria Isl., Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Graciosa, Sao Jorge, Pico, Faial, Flores Isl., Corvo Isl.); Madeira (Madeira Isl., Ilhas Desertas, Porto Santo Isl.); Islas Selvagens; Canary Isl. [I] (Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma); East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Chios, Dodecanese, Kos, Nisyros, Tilos, Simi, Kasos, Karpathos, Chalki, Rhodos, Kastellorhizo Isl.); Turkey (SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Cyprus (E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus); Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria); Israel (coastal W-Israel)
10 grb 11 ger net 12 BAL COR FRA GIB MCO POR SAR SPA 13 ALB CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MNT PEL PTL SIC SMA SRB TUE 20 ALG LBY MOR TUN 21 AZO cny MDR SEL 34 CYP EAI ISR LEB SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Boehmeria caudata J.J.Sm. ex Koord. & Valeton; Meded. Dept. Landb. Ned.-Indië 10: 706 (1910)
= Dubrueilia membranacea (Poir.) Gaudich.; Voy. Uranie [Freycinet] 496 (1826)
= Urtica azorica Hochst. ex Seub.; Fl. Azor. [Seubert] 28 (1844)
= Urtica caudata Vahl; Symb. Bot. [Vahl] 2: 96 (1791) (non Burm.f.)
= Urtica dubia Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 121 (1775), nom. inval.
= Urtica lowei Seub.; Fl. Azor. [Seubert] 28 (1844)
= Urtica lusitanica Brot.; Fl. Lusit. 1: 205 (1804)
= Urtica membranacea proles lusitanica (Brot.) Samp.; Man. Fl. Port. 127 (1910)
= Urtica membranacea subsp. neglecta (Guss.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 657 (1881)
= Urtica membranacea var. horrida Willk.; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 251 (1862)
= Urtica membranacea var. subinermis Sennen; Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.): no. 370
= Urtica neglecta Guss.; Index Sem. (Boccadifalco) 1825: 11 (1825)
= Urtica pittonii Blume; Mus. Bot. 2: 147 (1856)
= Urtica recurvata Otto ex Blume; Mus. Bot. 2: 147 (1856), nomen
species :
Urtica membranifolia C.J.Chen; Fl. Xizang. 1: 529, f. 169: 9-11 (1983)
Distribution: Tibet
36 TIB
species :
Urtica mexicana Liebm.; Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd., Ser. 5, 2: 291 (1851)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Ciudad de Mexico, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México State, Michoacán, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla, Querétaro, San Luis Potosi, Veracruz)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Urtica praetermissa V.W.Steinm.; Acta Bot. Mex. 69: 142 (2004)
= Urtica praetermissa subsp. michoacana V.W.Steinm.; Acta Bot. Mex. 69: 145 (2004)
= Urtica spirealis var. ligulata Wedd.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(1): 47 (1869)
species :
Urtica minutifolia Griseb.; Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 19: 112 (1874)
Distribution: Bolivia (Cochabamba, Tarija)
83 BOL
species :
Urtica morifolia Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 4: 223 (1816)
Name: Maulbeerblättrige Brennessel (DE); Ortigon (ES)
Distribution: Azores (Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira); Madeira (Madeira Isl.); Canary Isl. (Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma)
21 AZO CNY MDR
Synonyms: hidden
= Urtica elevata Banks ex Lowe; Trans. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 4: 15 (1831)
= Urtica morifolia var. elevata (Banks ex Lowe) Menezes; Fl. Madeira 162 (1914)
species :
Urtica neubaueri Chrtek; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 105: 6 (1974)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Kabul, Kunar / Nuristan, Laghman, Parwan)
34 AFG
species :
Urtica papuana Zandee; Acta Bot. Neerl. 18: 444 (1969)
Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
species :
Urtica parviflora Roxb.; Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 3: 581-582 (1832)
Distribution: China (W-Guangxi, NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal)
36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP
species :
Urtica perconfusa Grosse-Veldm. & Weigend; Phytotaxa 245(4): 257 (2016)
Distribution: New Zealand
51 NZL
species :
Urtica peruviana Geltman; Novon 8(1): 15 (1998)
Distribution: Peru
83 PER
species :
Urtica pilulifera L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 983 (1753)
Name: Pillen-Brennnessel (DE); Roman Nettle (EN)
Distribution: Belgium [I]; Germany [I]; Switzerland [I]; Austria [I]; Slovakia; Hungary [I]; Portugal; Spain; Baleares; France; Monaco; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; European Turkey; Greece (widespread lowlands, incl. most islands); Crete; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (NE-Egypt, Nile Delta, NW-coastal Egypt); Transcaucasus; East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos, Kastellorhizo Isl.); Turkey (N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq, W-Iraq: Desert); Iran (N-Iran, W-Iran); Cyprus (E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, NW-Syria); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (Hejaz, Asir); Yemen; Pakistan; India (Himachal Pradesh)
11 aut bgm ger hun SLO swi 12 BAL COR FRA MCO POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MNT NMA PEL PTL SIC SRB TUE 14 KRY 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 34 CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR TUR 35 SAU YEM 40 IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Urtica balearica L.; Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 1265 (1759)
= Urtica chesneyana Blume; Mus. Bot. 2: 153 (1856)
= Urtica convexa Hornem. ex Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 839 (1826)
= Urtica cordifolia Moench; Methodus [Moench] 351 (1794)
= Urtica dodartii L.; Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 1265 (1759)
= Urtica integrifolia Savigny; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 4: 637 (1798)
= Urtica pilulifera f. balearica (L.) Webb ex Asch. & Graebn.; Fl. Nordostdeut. Flachl. 606 (1911)
= Urtica pilulifera var. balearica (L.) Willk. & Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 1: 252 (1861)
= Urtica pilulifera var. dodartii (L.) Eichler; Index Sem. (Berlin) 1882: 20 (1882)
= Urtica pilulifera var. dodartii (L.) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 235 (1935)
= Urtica romana Bubani; Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 1: 77 (1897)
= Urtica romana Garsault; Fig. Pl. Méd., t. 638a (1764), opus utique rej.
species :
Urtica platyphylla Wedd.; Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 9: 86 (1856)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Kuril Isl., Sakhalin); Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu)
31 RFE 38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Urtica dioica subsp. platyphylla (Wedd.) Domin; isonym
= Urtica dioica subsp. platyphylla (Wedd.) P.Medw.
= Urtica takedana Ohwi; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 1: 129 (1932)
species :
Urtica portosanctana Press; Bocagiana 123: 4 (1988), nom. nov.
Distribution: Madeira (Ilhas Desertas, Porto Santo Isl., Madeira Isl.); Islas Selvagens; Mexico (Ciudad de Mexico, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México State, Michoacán, Puebla, Querétaro, Tlaxcala, Veracruz)
21 MDR SEL 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Urtica falcicrenata Liebm.; Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd., Ser. 5, 2: 293 (1851)
= Urtica subincisa Benth.; Pl. Hartw. [Bentham] 293 (1846)
= Urtica subincisa var. angustifolia Wedd.; Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 9: 62 (1856)
= Urtica subincisa var. floribunda Wedd.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(1): 44 (1869)
species :
Urtica pseudomagellanica Geltman; Novon 8(1): 16 (1998)
Distribution: Bolivia (La Paz, Santa Cruz, Tarija)
83 BOL
species :
Urtica rubricaulis Span.; Linnaea 15: 344 (1841)
Distribution: Lesser Sunda Isl. (Timor)
42 LSI
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
species :
Urtica rupestris Guss.; Cat. Pl. Hort. Boccadifalco 15 (1821)
Name: Felsen-Brennessel
Distribution: Sicily
13 SIC
species :
Urtica simensis Hochst. ex A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 260 (1850)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Eritrea
24 ERI ETH
species :
Urtica spatulata Sm.; Cycl. [A.Rees] 37: n. 17 (1818)
Distribution: S-Brazil (Paraná); Paraguay (Central); Uruguay (Cerro Largo, Flores Prov., Montevideo, San Jose); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Cordoba, Corrientes, Argentina Distrito Federal, Entre Rios, La Pampa, Santa Cruz, Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, San Luis, Tucuman)
84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Urtica bonariensis Pers; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 552 (1807)
= Urtica bonariensis subsp. crenatoserrata H.Ross ex Bornm.; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 1: 137 (1934), nomen
= Urtica bonariensis var. parvifolia H.Ross ex Bornm.; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 1: 137 (1934), nomen
= Urtica dioica Vell.; Fl. Flumin. 10: t. 18 (1829)
= Urtica scalpe Comm. ex Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 18: 198 (1852)
= Urtica urens Bertero ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 736 (1841)
= Urtica urentissima Comm. ex Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 552 (1807)
species :
Urtica spirealis Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 152 (1856 publ. 1853)
Distribution: Mexico (Sinaloa, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi, Guanajuato, Querétaro, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Michoacán, México State, México Distrito Federal, Morelos, Oaxaca); Guatemala
79 MEX 80 GUA
species :
Urtica stachyoides Webb & Berthel.; Hist. Nat. Îles Canaries (Phytogr.) 3: 259, t. 210 (1850)
Name: Kanaren-Brennessel (DE); Orgia canaria (ES)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (Gran Canaria, Tenerife, Hierro, La Palma); Mexico [I]
21 CNY 79 mex
Synonyms: hidden
= Urtica rubricaulis Hornem. ex Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 150 (1857), nomen
= Urtica stachyoides var. teucriifolia Webb & Berthel.; Hist. Nat. Îles Canaries (Phytogr.) 3(2,3): 260 (1847)
= Urtica stachyophylla Webb ex Wedd.; Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 9: 73 (1856), nomen
species :
Urtica subinermis (R.Uechtr.) Thomé ex Hand & Buttler; Kochia 2: 46 (2007)
Name: Auen-Brennnessel (DE)
Distribution: ?Sweden; Netherlands; Germany (Brandenburg, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein [I], Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt); Austria; Poland; ?Czech Republic; ?Slovakia; Hungary; Croatia; Romania; Bulgaria; Greece; Estonia; Latvia; ?Lithuania; Belarus; European Russia (widespread); Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia)
11 AUT GER HUN NET POL 13 BUL CRO GRC ROM 14 BLR EST LAT RUS 30 SIB
Remarks: only recently recognized as valid species and therefore under-recorded
Synonyms: hidden
= Urtica dioica subsp. subinermis (R.Uechtr.) Weigend; Hoppea 66: 114 (2006)
= Urtica dioica var. mitissima Hausskn.; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Vereins, N. F. 16: 134 (1901)
= Urtica dioica var. subinermis R.Uechtr.; Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 5: 146 (1863)
= Urtica subinermis (R.Uechtr.) Thomé; 46 (1904), nom. inval.
species :
Urtica sykesii Grosse-Veldm. & Weigend; Phytotaxa 245(4): 255 (2016)
Distribution: New Zealand
51 NZL
species :
Urtica taiwaniana S.S.Ying; Quart. J. Chin. Forest. 8(3): 107 (1975)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
species :
Urtica takasagonis Maek.; J. Jap. Bot. 13: 134 (1937)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
species :
Urtica thunbergiana Siebold & Zucc.; Abh. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 4(3): 214 (1846)
subspecies :
subsp. thunbergiana
Distribution: Russian Far East (Khabarovsk, Primorye); China (Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, SE-Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan); North Korea; South Korea (incl. Cheju Isl.); Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)
31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO
Synonyms: hidden
= Urtica cyanescens Kom.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 5: 714-715 (1936)
= Urtica dioica subsp. cyanescens (Kom.) Domin
= Urtica dioica subsp. laetevirens (Maxim.) Domin
= Urtica dioica Thunb.; Fl. Jap. [Thunberg] 69 (1784) (non L.)
= Urtica laetevirens Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg 22(2): 236-237 (1876)
= Urtica laetevirens subsp. cyanescens (Kom.) C.J.Chen; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 3(2): 115-116 (1983)
= Urtica laetevirens var. robusta F.Maek.; Fl. Sylv. Kor. 21: 123 (1936)
= Urtica macrorrhiza Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7(1): 115 (1929)
subspecies :
subsp. dentata (Hand.-Mazz.) K.Becker & Weigend; Phytotaxa 323(3): 209 (2017)
Distribution: China
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Urtica dentata Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7(1): 112, Abb. 2, Nr. 7-8 (1929)
= Urtica laetevirens subsp. dentata (Hand.-Mazz.) C.J.Chen; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 3(2): 116 (1983)
= Urtica pachyrrhachis Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7: 113 (1929)
subspecies :
subsp. perserrata K.Becker & Weigend; Phytotaxa 323(3): 213 (2017)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
subspecies :
subsp. silvatica K.Becker & Weigend; Phytotaxa 323(3): 211 (2017)
Distribution: China; Tibet
36 CHI TIB
Synonyms: hidden
= Urtica silvatica Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7(1): 113-114, Abb. 1, Nr. 1-2 (1929), nom. illeg.
species :
Urtica triangularis Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7(1): 110, Abb. 2, Nr. 5 (1929)
subspecies :
subsp. triangularis
Distribution: China (S-Qinghai, W-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); E-Tibet
36 CHI TIB
subspecies :
subsp. pinnatifida (Hand.-Mazz.) C.J.Chen; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 3(2): 111 (1983)
Distribution: China (S-Gansu, Qinghai, NW-Yunnan); E-Tibet
36 CHI TIB
Synonyms: hidden
= Urtica triangularis f. pinnatifida Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7(1): 111, Abb. 2, Nr. 6 (1929)
subspecies :
subsp. trichocarpa C.J.Chen; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 3(2): 111-112 (1983)
Distribution: China (Gansu, NE-Qinghai, NW-Sichuan)
36 CHI
species :
Urtica trichantha (Wedd.) Acevedo & Navás; Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 9: 409 (1961)
Name: Itapilla [Chile]
Distribution: Peru; Bolivia (La Paz); Chile (Arica y Parinacota, Tarapacá, Antofagasta)
83 BOL PER 85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Urtica echinata var. trichantha Wedd.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(1): 42 (1869)
species :
Urtica urens L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 984 (1753)
Name: Kleine Brennessel (DE); Small nettle (EN); Ortiga menor (ES)
Distribution: Faeroe Isl.; England (England, Wales, Isle of Man, Scotland, Outer Hebrides, Orkney Isl., Shetland Isl., Isles of Scilly); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; Gibraltar; Baleares; France; Channel Isl. (Alderney, Guernsey, Jersey, Sark); Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Malta; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (scattered mainland, incl. most islands); Crete; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; W-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (NE-Egypt, Nile Delta); Azores (Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira); Madeira (Madeira Isl., Porto Santo Isl.); Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma); South Sudan; Soqotra; Namibia [I]; South Africa [I] (widespread); Lesotho [I]; Ascension Isl. [I]; St. Helena [I]; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East [I] (Amur [I], Khabarovsk [I], Primorye [I], Sakhalin [I]); Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos, Kastellorhizo Isl.); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iraq (NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Iran (N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, NW-Syria, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai); Jordania (W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, N-Saudi Arabia, Hejaz, Asir, Nejd Desert); Kuwait; Qatar [I]; United Arab Emirates [I]; Yemen (coastal Hadhramaut, N-Inner Yemen, Tihama, W-Yemen); China (Liaoning, Qinghai, Xinjiang); Tibet; India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Arunachal Pradesh, Punjab, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand); Java [I]; New Guinea [I]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], Northern Territory [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); Lord Howe Isl. [I]; Norfolk Isl. [I]; New Zealand [I]; Chatham Isl. [I]; Hawaii [I] (Oahu [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); Alaska [I]; Greenland [I]; Canada [I] (Alberta [I], British Columbia [I], Manitoba [I], New Brunswick [I], Newfoundland [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Prince Edward Isl. [I], Québec [I], Saskatchewan [I], Yukon [I]); St. Pierre et Miquelon [I]; USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arizona [I], California [I], Connecticut [I], Florida [I], Georgia [I], Iowa [I], Illinois [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], Maine [I], Michigan [I], Missouri [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New Mexico [I], Nevada [I], New York [I], Oklahoma [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], South Carolina [I], Texas [I], Virginia [I], Vermont [I], Washington State [I], Wisconsin [I]); Guatemala [I]; Cuba [I]; Colombia [I]; Ecuador [I]; Peru [I]; Bolivia [I]; Brazil [I]; Uruguay [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Arica y Parinacota [I], Antofagasta [I], Atacama [I], Coquimbo [I], Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], O´Higgins [I], Maule [I], Ñuble [I], Biobío [I], Araucanía [I], Los Rios [I], Los Lagos [I], Aisén [I], Magallanes [I]); Juan Fdz. Isl. [I]; Falkland Isl. [I]; South Georgia Isl. [I]
10 DEN FIN FOR GRB IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO BAL CIS COR FRA GIB POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MLT MNT NMA PEL PTL ROM SIC SLV SRB TUE 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT RUS UKR 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 21 AZO CNY MDR 24 SOC SSU 27 les nam saf 28 asc sth 30 SIB 31 rfe 32 KAZ KGZ 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR TUR 35 KUW qat SAU uae YEM 36 CHI TIB 40 IND 42 jaw nwg 50 aus lhi nfk 51 ctm nzl 63 haw 70 ask cdn gnl 71 cdn 72 cdn spm 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 80 gua 81 cub 82 clm 83 bol ecu per 84 bra 85 arg cle jnf uru 91 fal sge
Synonyms: hidden
= Urtica atlantica Blume; Mus. Bot. 2: 149 (1856)
= Urtica cubensis Klotzsch ex Herder; Index Sem. (St. Petersburg [Petropolitanus]) 1858: 38 (1859)
= Urtica minor Garsault; Fig. Pl. Méd., t. 637b (1764), opus utique rej.
= Urtica minor Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 2: 194 (1779)
= Urtica minor Moench; Methodus [Moench] 352 (1794), nom. illeg.
= Urtica monoica Gilib.; Exerc. Phyt. 2: 450 (1792), opus utique oppr.
= Urtica ovalifolia Stokes; Bot. Mat. Med. 4: 372 (1812)
= Urtica parvula Blume; Mus. Bot. 2: 150 (1856)
= Urtica quadristipulata Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénees 150 (1867)
= Urtica trianae Rusby; Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 4: 319 (1907)
= Urtica urens f. major Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 7B(47B): 271 (1907)
= Urtica urens f. microphylla Murr; 53 (1902)
= Urtica urens f. montana Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 7B(47B): 271 (1907)
= Urtica urens var. lanceolata E.Nilsson; Bot. Not. 1924: 261 (1924)
= Urtica urens var. podolica Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 7B(47B): 271 (1907)
species :
Urtica urentivelutina Weigend; Revista Peru. Biol. 12(2): 253 (2006)
Distribution: Peru
83 PER
species :
Urtica wallichiana Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 736 (1841)
Distribution: Moluccas
42 MOL
Synonyms: hidden
= Urtica paniculata Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. (103) (1814), nomen
species :
Urtica ×oblongata W.D.J.Koch ex Maly; Fl. Steierm. 63 (1868)
Distribution: Europe
Error
Remarks: Urtica dioica x U. urens
Synonyms: hidden
= Urtica urens subsp. oblongata (W.D.J.Koch ex Maly) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 657 (1881)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
in total 1,416,144* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

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With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

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