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249.0000 Family Cannabaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 99 (1820), nom. cons.
10 genera, ca. 105 spp. Phylogeny: Yang et al. (2013)
Species listed in database: 120
= Cannabeae Dumort.; Fl. Belg. [Dumortier] 24. Dumort., Fl. Belg. 24 (1827)
= Cannaboideae Beilschm.; Flora 16(Beibl. 7): 60, 105 (1833)
= Celtidaceae Endl.; Enchir. Bot. [Endlicher] 171 (1841), Family
= Celtideae Dumort.; Fl. Belg. [Dumortier] 25 (1827)
= Celtidinae Dumort.; Fl. Belg. [Dumortier] 25 (1827)
= Celtidoideae A.Rich. ex Darl.; Agric. Bot. 151 (1847)
= Humulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 258 (1820)
= Humuleae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 17 (1829)
= Humulineae J.Presl; Nowoceská Bibl. [Wseobecný Rostl.]: 7: 1359 [´1258´], 1363 (1846)
= Lupulaceae Schultz Sch.; Nat. Syst. Pflanzenr. 370 (1832)
= Lupuleae Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 1(2): 179 (1831)
= Treminae A.V.Lazarev; Ukrayins´k. Bot. Zhurn. 50(1): 36 (1993), without latin descr.
249.1010 Genus Trema Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 562 (1790)
Distribution: tropics and subtropics, worldwide
Species listed in database: 21
= Sponia Comm. ex Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 4: 139 (1797)
= Parasponia Miq.; Pl. Jungh. [Miquel] 68 (1851)
species :
Trema andersonii (Planch.) Byng & Christenh.; Global Fl. 4: 126 (2018)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea); Bismarck Arch. (New Britain); Solomon Isl.; Vanuatu; Rotuma Isl.; Fiji; [Western] Samoa (´Upolu); Society Isl. (Moorea, Raiatea, Tahiti)
42 NWG 43 BIS SOL 60 FIJ ROT SAM VAN 61 SCI
Synonyms: hidden
= Parasponia andersonii (Planch.) Planch.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 17: 195 (1873)
= Parasponia paucinervia Merr. & L.M.Perry; J. Arnold Arbor. 20: 324 (1939)
= Sponia andersonii Planch.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 10: 336 (1848)
= Sponia orientalis Seem.; Bonplandia (Hannover) 9: 259 (1861), nom. illeg.
= Sponia tahitensis Nadeaud; Enum. Pl. Tahiti, 42 (1873)
= Trema paucinervia (Merr. & L.M.Perry) Byng & Christenh.; Global Fl. 4: 127 (2018)
species :
Trema angustifolium (Planch.) Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 58 (1852)
Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Kedah, Penang, Perak, Pahang, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, Melaka); +Singapore; Sumatra; Borneo; Sulawesi
36 CHI 41 CBD LAO THA VIE 42 BOR MLY SNG SUL SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Celtis angustifolia Lindl.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 3691 (1831)
= Sponia acuminatissima Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. 410 (1861)
= Sponia angustifolia (Lindl.) Planch.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 10: 326 (1848)
= Sponia sampsonii Hance; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 5, 5: 242 (1866)
= Trema acuminatissimum (Miq.) Boerl.; Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. [Boerlage] 3: 358 (1900)
= Trema lanceolatum Merr.; Lingnan Sci. J. 7: 302 (1931)
= Trema orientale var. bicolor de Wit; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, Sér. 3, 18: 190 (1949)
= Trema sampsonii (Hance) Merr. & Chun; Sunyatsenia 5: 40 (1940)
species :
Trema cannabina Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 562 (1790)
Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, SE-Hunan, S-Jiangxi, Sichuan, S-Zhejiang); Japan (Kyushu, Yakushima Isl., Tanegashima Isl.); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; Nepal; India (Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim); Myanmar (Taninthayi); Thailand; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (throughout); Singapore; Sumatra; Borneo; Brunei; Sulawesi; Philippines; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, etc.); Moluccas; ?New Guinea; Bismarck Arch.; Solomon Isl.; Australia (Queensland); Santa Cruz Isl.; Vanuatu; Rotuma Isl.; Tonga (Late Isl., Tongatapu, Vava´u, ´Eua); Fiji; Wallis & Futuna (Futuna Isl., ´Uvea Isl. [Wallis]); Palau (Babeldaob, Koror, Malakal); Northern Marianas (Rota); Fed. States of Micronesia (Yap)
36 CHI 38 JAP NNS TAI 40 IND NEP 41 CBD MYA THA VIE 42 BOR BRN JAW LSI MLY MOL PHI SNG SUL SUM 43 BIS SOL 50 AUS 60 FIJ ROT SCZ TON VAN WAL 62 MIC MRN PLU
Synonyms: hidden
= Celtis microphylla Zipp. ex Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 59 (1857)
= Celtis rostrata Zipp. ex Span.; Linnaea 15: 343 (1841)
= Celtis virgata Roxb.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 3694 (1831)
= Sponia carinata (Blume) Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(2): 215 (1859)
= Sponia glabrescens Planch.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 10: 317 (1848)
= Sponia morifolia (Blume) Planch.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 17: 196 (1873)
= Sponia pallida (Blume) Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(2): 215 (1859)
= Sponia peruviana Klotzsch; Linnaea 20: 536 (1847)
= Sponia pubigera (Blume) Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(2): 216 (1856)
= Sponia rostrata Span.; Linnaea 15: 343 (1841), nomen
= Sponia timorensis Decne.; Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 3: 498 (1834)
= Sponia virgata (Roxb.) Planch.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 10: 316 (1848)
= Sponia virgata var. major Planch.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 17: 195 (1873)
= Trema cannabinum var. glabrescens (Planch.) de Wit; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, Sér. 3, 18: 188 (1949)
= Trema carinatum Blume; Mus. Bot. 2: 59 (1856)
= Trema glabrescens (Planch.) Blume; Mus. Bot. 2: 58 (1856)
= Trema morifolium (Planch.) Blume; Mus. Bot. 2: 59 (1856)
= Trema orientale var. viride Lauterb.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 50: 321 (1913)
= Trema pallidum Blume; Mus. Bot. 2: 60 (1856)
= Trema pubigerum Blume; Mus. Bot. 2: 60 (1856)
= Trema timorense (Decne.) Blume; Mus. Bot. 2: 60 (1856)
= Trema timorense var. carinatum (Blume) Lauterb.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 50: 317 (1913)
= Trema timorense var. pallidum (Blume) Lauterb.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 50: 317 (1913)
= Trema timorense var. procerum Blume; Mus. Bot. 2: 60 (1856)
= Trema virgatum (Planch.) Blume; Mus. Bot. 2: 59 (1856)
= Trema virgatum var. pubigerum (Blume) Lauterb.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 50: 315 (1913)
= Urtica repanda Planch.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 17: 199 (1873)
variant :
var. dielsianum (Hand.-Mazz.) C.J.Chen; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 17(1): 50 (1979)
Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, S-Jiangsu, Jiangxi, E-Sichuan, Zhejiang)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Trema dielsianum Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7: 106 (1929)
= Trema calcicola S.X.Ren; Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni 32(4): 86 (1994)
variant :
var. scabra (Blume) de Wit; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, Sér. 3, 18(2): 188 (1949)
Distribution: Palau (Babeldaob, Malakal); Fed. States of Micronesia (Yap)
62 MIC PLU
Synonyms: hidden
= Trema virgatum var. scabrum Blume; Mus. Bot. 2: 59 (1856)
species :
Trema cubense Urb.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 2 (1927)
Distribution: Cuba; Dominican Republic
81 CUB HIS
species :
Trema discolor (Brongn.) Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 58 (1856 publ. 1853)
Distribution: Society Isl. (Bora Bora, Huahine, Moorea, Raiatea, Tahaa, Tahiti); Austral Isl. (Raivavae)
61 AUI SCI
Remarks: probably a synonym of T. orientalis
Synonyms: hidden
= Celtis discolor Brongn.in Duperr.; Voy. Monde, Phan. [Brongniart] 1: 215, t. 47, f. B (1834)
= Sponia discolor (Brongn.) Decne.; Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 3: 498 (1834)
= Sponia discolor f. lepinei Planch.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 17: 201 (1873)
= Sponia discolor f. lessonii Planch.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 17: 201 (1873)
species :
Trema domingense Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 7: 191 (1912)
Name: Anisillo (Dominican Republic), Bois de soie (Haiti)
Distribution: Dominican Republic
81 HIS
species :
Trema eurhynchum (Miq.) Byng & Christenh.; Global Fl. 4: 127 (2018)
Distribution: Sulawesi; Philippines (Mindanao, Luzon, Leyte); E-Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, Lombok); Moluccas (Ternate, Banda); New Guinea (Papua New Guinea); Bismarck Arch.
42 JAW LSI MOL NWG PHI SUL 43 BIS
Synonyms: hidden
= Parasponia aspera Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 66 (1857)
= Parasponia eurhyncha Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. 411 (1861)
= Parasponia rugosa Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 66 (1856 publ. 1853)
= Trema asperum (Blume) Byng & Christenh.; Global Fl. 4: 127 (2018), nom. illeg.
= Trema philippinense Elmer; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 9: 3218 (1934)
= Trema rugosum (Blume) Byng & Christenh.; Global Fl. 4: 127 (2018), nom. illeg.
= Trema vulcanicum Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 7: 260 (1912)
species :
Trema humbertii J.-F.Leroy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 95: 5 (1948)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Trema integerrimum (Beurl.) Standl.; Contr. Arnold Arbor. 5: 55 (1933)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas); Guatemala; Belize; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia (Amazonas, Antioquia, Cauca, Meta, Putumayo); Venezuela (Amazonas, Barinas, Merida, Miranda, Tachira, Zulia); Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, La Paz)
79 MEX 80 BLZ COS GUA HON NIC PAN 82 CLM VEN 83 BOL ECU PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Sponia integerrima Beurl.; Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. 1854: 144 (1856)
= Trema laxiflorum Lundell; Wrightia 2: 50 (1960)
species :
Trema lamarckianum (Roem. & Schult.) Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 58 (1856)
Name: Pain-in-back (Bahamas), Capuli cimarron, Guasimilla (Cuba), Cuba, Cubita, Majagua, Majagua de Cuba, Memiso, Memiso cimarron (Dominican Republic), Bois mahaut, Mahaut piment (Haiti), Caca-ravet, Orme petites feuilles (Lesser Antilles), Cabrilla, Palo de cabrilla (Puerto Rico)
Distribution: USA (Florida); Bermuda; Bahamas; Turks & Caicos Isl.; Cuba; Cayman Isl.; Jamaica; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Saba; St. Eustatius; St. Kitts; Montserrat; Guadeloupe; Marie-Galante; Dominica; Martinique; St. Lucia; St. Vincent
78 USA 81 BAH BER CAY CUB DOM GDL HIS JAM MAR MTS PUE SAB STE STK STL STV TCI
Synonyms: hidden
= Celtis lamarckiana Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 6: 311 (1820)
= Celtis lima Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 4: 40 (1797), non Sw. 1788
= Celtis parvifolia A.Rich.; Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl. Vasc. 11: 219 (1850), nom. illeg.
= Sponia lamarckiana (Schult.) Decne. ex Planch.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 10: 332 (1848)
species :
Trema levigatum Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7: 107 (1929)
Distribution: China (Guangxi, Guizhou, W-Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Trema melastomatifolium (J.J.Sm.) Byng & Christenh.; Global Fl. 4: 127 (2018)
Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
Synonyms: hidden
= Parasponia melastomatifolia J.J.Sm.; Nova Guinea 8: 891 (1912)
species :
Trema micranthum (L.) Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 58 (1856)
Name: Jamaican nettletree, Almez de flores pequenas, Guacima boba, Guasimilla, Guasimilla cimarrona, Memiso macho, Sagua (Cuba), Anisillo, Cabrita, Cuba, Majagua de Cuba, Memiso, Memiso cimarron, Memiso de paloma (Dominican Republic), Bois de scie, Bois de soie, Mahaut piment (Haiti), Jamaican nettle tree (Jamaica), Bois de l´orme, Orme-petit feuilles, Petit orme (Lesser Antilles), Guacimilla, Palo de cabra (Puerto Rico)
Distribution: USA (Florida); Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Colima, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México State, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Querétaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Yucatan, Zacatecas); Guatemala; Belize; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Cuba; Jamaica; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Navassa Isl.; Virgin Isl. (Guana, Jost van Dyke, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda); Saba; St. Eustatius; Antigua; Guadeloupe; Marie-Galante; Dominica; Martinique; St. Lucia; St. Vincent; Tobago; Trinidad; Colombia (Amazonas, Antioquia, Arauca, Bolívar, Boyacá, Caldas, Caquetá, Cauca, Chocó, Cundinamarca, Guainía, Guaviare, Huila, La Guajira, Magdalena, Meta, Nariño, Putumayo, Quindío, Risaralda, San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina, Santander, Sucre, Tolima, Valle, Vichada); Isla Margarita; Venezuela (Amazonas, Anzoategui, Apure, Aragua, Barinas, Bolívar, Carabobo, Cojedes, Delta Amacuro, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Falcon, Guarico, Lara, Merida, Miranda, Monagas, Nueva Esparta, Portuguesa, Sucre, Tachira, Trujillo, Yaracuy, Zulia); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Galapagos; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, La Paz, Pando, Santa Cruz, Tarija); N-Brazil (Roraima, Amapa, Pará, Amazonas, Tocantins, Acre, Rondônia); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goiás, Brasilia Distrito Federal, Mato Grosso do Sul); NE-Brazil (Maranhao, Piauí, Ceara, Rio Grande do N-Brazil, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Bahia, Alagoas, Sergipe); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Alto Paraná, Amambay, Caazapa, Canindeyu, Cordillera, Itapua, Paraguari, San Pedro); Argentina (Chaco, Corrientes, Formosa, Misiones, Salta, Tucuman)
78 USA 79 MEX 80 BLZ COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 ABA CUB DOM GDL HIS JAM MAR NAV PUE SAB STE STL STV TRT VEN VIR 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR SWC VEN 83 BOL ECU GAL PER 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Celtis albicans Willd. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 316 (1841)
= Celtis canescens Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 2: 28 (1817)
= Celtis chichilea Ruiz & Pav. ex Planch.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 10: 335 (1848)
= Celtis curiandiuba M.Gómez ex Planch.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 17: 204 (1873)
= Celtis lima Sw.; Prodr. [O.P.Swartz] 53 (1788)
= Celtis macrophylla Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 2: 24 (1817)
= Celtis micrantha (L.) Sw.; Prodr. [O.P.Swartz] 53 (1788)
= Celtis microcarpa Salzm. ex Planch.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 10: 333 (1848)
= Celtis mollis Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4(2): 996 (1806)
= Celtis riparia Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 2: 28 (1817)
= Celtis rufescens Banks ex Planch.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 10: 334 (1848)
= Celtis rugosa Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3(1): 996 (1806)
= Celtis scabra Casar. ex Planch.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 17: 204 (1873), pro syn.
= Celtis schiedeana Schltdl.; Linnaea 7: 140 (1832)
= Rhamnus micrantha L.; Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 937 (1759)
= Sponia canescens (Kunth) Decne.; Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 3: 498 (1834)
= Sponia chichilea Ruiz & Pav. ex Planch.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 10: 334 (1848)
= Sponia crassifolia Liebm.; Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd., Ser. 5, 2: 340 (1851)
= Sponia grisea Liebm.; Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd., Ser. 5, 2: 340 (1851)
= Sponia lima (Sw.) Decne.; Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 3: 498 (1834)
= Sponia macrophylla (Kunth) Decne.; Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 3: 498 (1834)
= Sponia micrantha (L.) Decne. ex Planch.; Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 3: 498 (1834)
= Sponia mollis (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Decne.; Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 3: 498 (1834)
= Sponia riparia (Kunth) Decne.; Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 3: 498 (1834)
= Sponia rufescens Banks ex Planch.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 10: 334 (1848)
= Sponia rugosa (Willd.) Decne.; Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 3: 498 (1834)
= Sponia schiedeana (Schltdl.) Planch.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 10: 335 (1848)
= Sponia stipellata Bello; Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 109 (1883)
= Trema canescens (Kunth) Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 58 (1857)
= Trema chichileum (Planch.) Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 58 (1857)
= Trema floridanum Britton ex Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 366, 1329 (1903)
= Trema lima (Sw.) Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 58 (1857)
= Trema macrophyllum (Kunth) Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 58 (1857)
= Trema melinonum Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 64 (1857)
= Trema micrantha var. obtusatum Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 4(2): 195 (1905)
= Trema micranthum var. strigillosum (Lundell) Standl. & Steyerm.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 40 (1944)
= Trema micranthum var. floridanum (Britton) Standl. & Steyerm.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 40 (1944)
= Trema micranthum var. obtusatum Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 4: 195 (1905)
= Trema molle (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 58 (1857)
= Trema orientale f. micranthum (Blume) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 634 (1891)
= Trema orientale var. molle Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 634 (1891)
= Trema orientale var. rugosum Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 634 (1891)
= Trema riparium (Kunth) Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 58 (1857)
= Trema rufescens (Banks) Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 58 (1857)
= Trema rugosum (Willd.) Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 58 (1857)
= Trema schiedeanum (Schltdl.) Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 58 (1857)
= Trema strigillosum Lundell; Phytologia 1: 337 (1939)
species :
Trema nitidum C.J.Chen; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 17(1): 49 (1979)
Distribution: China (Guangxi, W-Guizhou, Sichuan, S-Yunnan); N-Thailand
36 CHI 41 THA
species :
Trema orientale (L.) Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 62 (1856)
Name: Pigeonwood
Distribution: Germany [I]; Senegal; Gambia; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Principe Isl.; São Tomé; Annobon Isl.; Equatorial Guinea; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; S-Chad; Sudan; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Somalia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia (incl. Caprivi Strip); South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Eswatini [Swaziland]; Madagascar; Comores (Mayotte, etc.); Mauritius; La Réunion; Seychelles; Saudi Arabia (Asir); Oman (Dhofar); N-Yemen; China (Fujian, SW-Guangdong, W-Guangxi, SW-Guizhou, Hainan, Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet; Japan (Yakushima Isl., Tanegashima Isl.); Ryukyu Isl.; Bonin Isl. (Chichijima, Keetaajima, Nakohdojima, Anijima, Otohtojima, Nishino-shima, Hahajima, Mukhojima, Imohtojima); Volcano Isl. (Kita-Iwojima, Iwojima, Minami-Iwojima); Taiwan; Nepal; India (Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Mizoram, Odisha, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Andaman Isl. (South Andamans, Barren Isl.); Nicobar Isl. (Central Nicobars, Great Nicobar Isl., Little Nicobar Isl.); Myanmar (Bago, Chin, Sagaing, Taninthayi, Yangon); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; South China Sea Isl.; peninsular Malaysia (Main Range and near Kuala Lumpur); Sumatra; Borneo; Brunei; Sulawesi; Philippines; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, etc.); Moluccas; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Bismarck Arch. (New Britain); Solomon Isl.; Australia (N-Northern Territory, Queensland: Cape York to Bundaberg); Santa Cruz Isl.; Gilbert Isl.; Cook Isl. (Mangaia); Marquesas Isl. (Ua Pou); Palau (Babeldaob, Koror, Ngarakabesang); Northern Marianas (Maug, Asuncion, Agrihan, Pagan, Alamagan, Guguan, Sarigan, Anatahan, Saipan, Tinian, Rota); Guam; Marshall Isl. (Enewetok); Wake Isl.; Hawaii [I] (Kauai [I], Oahu [I], Molokai [I], Lanai [I], Maui [I], Hawaii Isl. [I])
11 ger 22 BEN BKN GAM GHA GUI IVO LBR MLI NGA SEN SIE TOG 23 ANN BIO BUR CAF CMN CON EQG GAB PRI RWA SAO ZAI 24 CHA ERI ETH SOM SSU SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 NAM SAF SWZ 29 COM MAU MDG REU SEY 35 OMA SAU YEM 36 CHI TIB 38 JAP KZN NNS OGA TAI 40 BAN IND NEP SRL 41 AND CBD LAO MYA NCB THA VIE 42 BOR BRN JAW LSI MLY MOL NWG PHI SCS SUL SUM 43 BIS SOL 50 AUS 60 GIL SCZ 61 COO MRQ 62 GUM MRN MRS PLU WAK 63 haw
Synonyms: hidden
= Celtis commersonii Brongn.; Voy. Monde, Phan. [Brongniart] 215 (1834)
= Celtis glomerata Hochst.; Flora 28: 87 (1845)
= Celtis guineensis Schumach. & Thonn.; Beskr. Guin. Pl. [Schumacher] 160 (1827)
= Celtis guineensis var. parvifolia Schumach.; Beskr. Guin. Pl. [Schumacher] 161 (1827)
= Celtis laeta Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 175 (1796), nom. superfl.
= Celtis madagascariensis Bojer; Hortus Maurit. 296 (1837), nom. inval. nomen
= Celtis orientalis L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 1044 (1753) p. p. excl. syn.
= Sponia affinis Planch.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 10: 329 (1848)
= Sponia africana Planch.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 10: 320 (1848)
= Sponia andaresa Comm. ex Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 4: 139 (1797)
= Sponia argentea Planch.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 10: 323 (1848)
= Sponia bracteolata Hochst.; Flora 28: 87 (1845)
= Sponia burmannii (Blume) Planch.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 17: 200 (1873)
= Sponia commersonii Decne. ex Planch.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 10: 317 (1848)
= Sponia glomerata Hochst.; Flora 28: 87 (1845)
= Sponia guineensis (Schumach. & Thonn.) Planch.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 17: 197 (1873)
= Sponia hochstetteri Planch.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 17: 198 (1873)
= Sponia lucida Hassk.; Flora 25(2)(1. Beibl.): 17 (1842)
= Sponia nitens Hook.f. ex Planch.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 10: 325 (1848)
= Sponia orientalis (L.) Decne.; Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 3: 498 (1834)
= Sponia orientalis var. affinis (Planch.) Baker; Fl. Mauritius [J.G.Baker] 282 (1877)
= Sponia orientalis var. asperata Solms ex Schweinf.; Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. [Schweinfurth] 192 (1867)
= Sponia orientalis var. commersonii (Decne. ex Planch.) Baker; Fl. Mauritius [J.G.Baker] 282 (1877)
= Sponia scaberrima (Blume) Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(2): 217 (1856)
= Sponia strigosa Planch.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 10: 820 (1848)
= Sponia wightii Planch.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 10: 322 (1848)
= Trema affinis (Planch.) Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 58 (1857)
= Trema africanum (Planch.) Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 58 (1857)
= Trema argenteum (Planch.) Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 58 (1857)
= Trema bracteolatum (Hochst.) Blume; Mus. Bot. 2: 58 (1856)
= Trema burmannii Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 62 (1857)
= Trema commersonii (Decne. ex Planch.) Blume; Mus. Bot. 2: 60 (1856)
= Trema glomeratum (Hochst.) Blume; Mus. Bot. 2: 58 (1856)
= Trema grevei Baill.; Hist. Phys. Madagascar [Grandidier] 35: (Hist. Nat. Pl. 5: Atlas iii.) t. 292 B (1896)
= Trema griseum Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 20: 263 (1883)
= Trema guineense (Schumach. & Thonn.) Ficalho; Pl. Util. Afr. Portug. 261 (1884)
= Trema guineense f. strigosum Büttner; Mitt. Afr. Gesellsch. 5: 257 (1889)
= Trema guineense var. asperatum (Solms ex Schweinf.) Cufod.; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 39(Suppl.): XX (1969)
= Trema guineense var. hochstetteri (Planch.) Engl.; Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas, C 160 (1895)
= Trema guineense var. paucinervium Hauman; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 16: 412 (1942)
= Trema hochstetteri (Planch.) Engl.; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1891(2): 196 (1892)
= Trema nitens (Hook.f. ex Planch.) Blume; Mus. Bot. 2: 58 (1856)
= Trema orientale var. argenteum (Planch.) Lauterb.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 50: 320 (1913)
= Trema orientale var. bicornis de Wit; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, Sér. 3, 18: 189 (1949)
= Trema polygamum Z.M.Wu & J.Y.Lin; J. S. China Agric. Univ. 15(4): 77 (1994), as ´polygama´
= Trema scaberrimum (Miq.) Blume; Mus. Bot. 2: 63 (1856)
= Trema sieberi Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 58 (1857)
= Trema strigosum (Planch.) Blume; Mus. Bot. 2: 58 (1856)
= Trema wightii (Planch.) Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 58 (1857)
species :
Trema parviflorum (Miq.) Byng & Christenh.; Global Fl. 4: 127 (2018)
Distribution: S-Sumatra (rare); Java (common)
42 JAW SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Celtis montana Jungh. ex Planch.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 17: 193 (1873)
= Parasponia parviflora Miq.; Pl. Jungh. [Miquel] 69 (1851)
= Parasponia similis Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 66 (1857)
= Trema simile (Blume) Byng & Christenh.; Global Fl. 4: 127 (2018)
species :
Trema politoria (Wall. ex Planch.) Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 58 (1848)
Distribution: Pakistan; Nepal; N-India (Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand); Bangladesh; Myanmar (Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing); Vietnam
40 BAN IND NEP PAK 41 MYA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Celtis politoria Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 3693 (1831)
= Sponia politoria Wall. ex Planch.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 10: 326 (1848)
species :
Trema rigidum (Merr. & L.M.Perry) Byng & Christenh.; Global Fl. 4: 127 (2018)
Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
Synonyms: hidden
= Celtis rigida Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 486 (1826)
= Parasponia rigida Merr. & L.M.Perry; J. Arnold Arbor. 22: 254 (1941)
= Sponia rigida (Blume) Decne. ex Planch.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 10: 336 (1848)
= Trema orientale var. rigidum (Blume) Lauterb.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 50: 322 (1913)
species :
Trema simulans (Merr. & L.M.Perry) Byng & Christenh.; Global Fl. 4: 127 (2018)
Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya)
42 NWG
Synonyms: hidden
= Parasponia simulans Merr. & L.M.Perry; J. Arnold Arbor. 22: 255 (1941)
species :
Trema tomentosum (Roxb.) H.Hara; Bull. Univ. Mus. Univ. Tokyo 2: 19 (1971)
Distribution: China (S-Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, SW-Sichuan, Yunnan); S- & SE-Tibet; Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Sikkim); Bangladesh; Andaman Isl. (North Andamans, Middle Andamans, South Andamans, Little Andaman Isl.); Nicobar Isl. (Car Nicobar Isl., North Nicobars, Central Nicobars, Great Nicobar Isl., Little Nicobar Isl.); Myanmar (Bago, Mandalay, Sagaing); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Penang, Kelantan, Terengganu, Perak, Pahang, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, Melaka, Johor); Singapore; Sumatra; Borneo; Brunei; Sulawesi; Lesser Sunda Isl.; Philippines; Moluccas; Christmas Isl. [Austr.] [I]; Solomon Isl.; ?New Guinea; Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland); New Caledonia
36 CHI TIB 38 NNS TAI 40 BAN BHU IND NEP 41 AND CBD LAO MYA NCB THA VIE 42 BOR BRN LSI MLY MOL PHI SNG SUL SUM xms 43 SOL 50 AUS 60 NWC
Synonyms: hidden
= Celtis amboinensis Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3(1): 997 (1806)
= Celtis lima Blanco; Fl. Filip. [Blanco] 197 (1837) (non Sw.)
= Celtis tomentosa Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 86 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 2: 66 (1832)
= Sponia amboinensis (Willd.) Decne. ex Planch.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 10: 321 (1848)
= Sponia argentea Seem.; Bot. Voy. Herald [Seemann] 413 (1857), nom. illeg.
= Sponia blancoi Planch.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 10: 327 (1848)
= Sponia griffithii Planch.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 10: 324 (1848)
= Sponia imbricata (Blume) Planch.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 17: 199 (1873)
= Sponia tomentosa (Roxb.) Planch.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 10: 336 (1848)
= Sponia velutina Planch.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 10: 327 (1848)
= Trema amboinensis (Willd.) Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 61 (1857)
= Trema blancoi (Planch.) Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 58 (1857)
= Trema dunnianum H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 146 (1911)
= Trema griffithii Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 58 (1857)
= Trema imbricatum (Planch.) Blume; Mus. Bot. 2: 63 (1856)
= Trema orientale subsp. tomentosum (Roxb.) Murata; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 27: 32 (1975)
= Trema orientale var. amboinense (Willd.) Lauterb.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 50: 321 (1913)
= Trema velutinum (Planch.) Blume; Mus. Bot. 2: 62 (1856)
variant :
var. viride (Planch.) Hewson; Fl. Australia 3: 190, 9 (1989)
Distribution: Australia (Kimberley, Western Australia, N-Northern Territory and Macdonnell Ranges, and from Cape York, Queensland, S to Mallacoota, Victoria); Tonga (´Eua, Nomuka, Lifuka, Kao, Niuatoputapu); Niue; Palau (Babeldaob); Northern Marianas (Pagan, Saipan, Rota); Guam; Fed. States of Micronesia (Yap)
50 AUS 60 NUE TON 62 GUM MIC MRN PLU
Synonyms: hidden
= Celtis aspera Brongn.; Voy. Monde, Phan. [Brongniart] 213, t. 48 (1834)
= Sponia aspera (Brongn.) Decne.; Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 3: 498 (1834)
= Sponia aspera var. viridis (Blanch.) Benth.
= Sponia viridis Planch.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 10: 319 (1848)
= Trema asperum (Brongn.) Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 58 (1857)
= Trema asperum var. viride (Planch.) Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 6: 158 (1873)
= Trema asperum var. xerophilum Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 89: 6 (1921)
= Trema tomentosum subsp. asperum (Brongn.) Hewson
= Trema tomentosum var. asperum (Brongn.) Hewson; J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 21: 89 (2007)
= Trema viride (Planch.) Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 58 (1857)
species :
Trema vieillardii (Planch.) Schltr.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 36: 31 (1905)
Distribution: New Caledonia
60 NWC
Synonyms: hidden
= Sponia vieillardii Planch.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 17: 201 (1873)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
in total 1,416,144* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life