491.0000
Family
Gentianaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. 141 (1789), nom. cons.
95 genera, ca. 1850 spp.
Species listed in database: 1859; hybrids: 23
= Chironiaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin 1(104-114): 1, 36 (1823)
= Coutoubeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 168 (1820)
= Obolariaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 427 (1820)
= Potaliaceae Mart.; Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. [Martius] 2: 89, 91, 133 (1827)
= Saccifoliaceae Maguire & Pires; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 29: 242 (1978)
491.0529
Genus
Swertia L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 226 (1753)
Distribution: Temp. regions and montane areas of the Northern Hemisphere (esp. China, ca. 80), Africa (38), Madagascar (1). The genus is highly polyphyletic, which can only be resolved by including all surrounding genera including Gentianella (!). This would require massive recombination, which is not available yet.
Species listed in database: 163
= Adenopogon Welw.; Syn. Madeir. Drog. Med. 27 (1862)
= Agathotes D.Don ex G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 173 (1837)
= Anagallidium Griseb.; Gen. Sp. Gent. 311 (1838)
= Blepharaden Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées 449 (1867)
= Henricea Lem.; Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris 11: 171 (1824)
= Kingdon-wardia C.Marquand; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 48: 207 (1929)
= Monobothrium Hochst.; Flora (Regensburg) 27: 27 (1844)
= Ophelia D.Don ex G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 178 (1837)
= Ophelia D.Don ex Griseb.; Observ. Gent. 31 (1836)
= Rellesta Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 22(2): 337 (1849)
= Sczukinia Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 165 (1840)
= Sinoswertia T.N.Ho, S.W.Liu & J.Q.Liu; Pl. Diversity Resources 35(3): 398 (2013)
= Stellera Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 167 (1840)
= Swertopsis Makino; Ill. Fl. Jap., t. 66 (1891)
= Synallodia Raf.; New Fl. 4: 93 (1838)
species :
Swertia abyssinica
Hochst.; Flora (Regensburg) 24: I. Intell. 24 (1841), nomen, et ex Griseb. in Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 9: 134
Distribution: Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Equatorial Guinea; Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Malawi; Mozambique
23 BIO CMN EQG 24 ERI ETH SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 MLW MOZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia brevipedicellata Gilg; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(1): 577 (1904)
= Swertia clarenceana Hook.f.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 6: 16 (1862)
= Swertia dissimilis N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(1): 579 (1904)
= Swertia erythraeae Chiov.; Ann. Bot. (Rome) 9: 81 (1911)
= Swertia mattirolii Chiov.; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 36: 366 (1929)
= Swertia subalpina N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(1): 578 (1904)
= Swertia wellbyi N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(1): 577 (1904)
species :
Swertia acaulis
Harry Sm.; Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Bot. 4: 242 (1970)
Distribution: Nepal
40 NEP
species :
Swertia alata
(D.Don ex G.Don) Royle ex C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 4: 125 (1883)
Distribution: Pakistan (Hazara); Nepal; NW-India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, Murree, Poonch)
40 IND NEP PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Agathotes alata D.Don ex G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 177 (1837)
= Ophelia alata (D.Don ex G.Don) Griseb.; Gen. Sp. Gent. 321 (1839)
species :
Swertia alba
T.N.Ho & S.W.Liu; Acta Biol. Plateau Sin. 1: 46 (1982)
Distribution: China (Sichuan, Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Swertia alpina
U.C.Bhattach. & S.Agrawal; Bull. Bot. Soc. Bengal 36(1-2): 47 (1982 publ. 1986)
Distribution: India (Uttarakhand)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Lomatogonium madhmaheshwariensis Sun.Singh, B.Singh, S.Thakur & Prakash Mehta; Nordic J. Bot. 2023(5)-e03847: 5 (2023) (fide Kumar & Singh 2024)
species :
Swertia alternifolia
Royle; Illustr. Bot. Himal. 278, t. 67, f. 2 (1835)
Distribution: Nepal; India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand)
40 IND NEP
species :
Swertia angustifolia
Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don; Prod. Fl. Nep. 127 (1825)
Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Yunnan); Nepal; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Jharkhand, Kerala, Mizoram, Punjab, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, West Bengal); Myanmar (Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan, Kachin); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam
36 CHI 40 IND NEP 41 CBD LAO MYA THA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophelia angustifolia (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) D.Don ex G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 178 (1837)
= Ophelia florida G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 178 (1837)
= Swertia angustifolia var. florida (G.Don) Burkill; J. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 2: 373 (1906)
= Swertia angustifolia var. hamiltoniana Burkill; J. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 2: 374 (1906), nom. inval.
= Swertia angustifolia var. wallichiana Burkill; J. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 2: 373 (1906)
= Swertia kachinensis Lace; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1915: 404 (1915)
variant :
var. pulchella
(D.Don) Burkill; Asiat. Soc. Bengal 2: 375 (1906)
Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Yunnan); Pakistan (Gilgit, Mirpur, Hazara); Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Tamil Nadu); Myanmar; Vietnam
36 CHI 40 BHU IND NEP PAK 41 MYA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophelia affinis Wight & Arn.; Wight, Illustr. 2: 175, t. 157, bis (1850), nom. inval.
= Ophelia elegans Wight; Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 4: t. 1331 (1848)
= Ophelia porrigens G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 178 (1837)
= Ophelia pratensis Edgew.; Trans. Linn. Soc. 20: 85 (1846)
= Ophelia pulchella (Buch.-Ham.) D.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 525 (1837), nom. superfl.
= Ophelia pulchella var. minor D.Don; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17: 525 (1837)
= Ophelia pulchella var. pumila Griseb.; Gen. Sp. Gent. 318 (1839)
= Ophelia vacillans Hance; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 5, 5: 229 (1866)
= Swertia affinis (Wight) C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 4: 126 (1883)
= Swertia angustifolia var. pulchella Burkill; J. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 2: 375 (1906)
= Swertia dielsiana Hosseus; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 63 (1911)
= Swertia elegans Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 4376 (1831), nom. inval.
= Swertia esquirolii H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 187 (1913)
= Swertia exacoides Burkill; J. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 2: 321 (1906)
= Swertia florida Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 4382 (1831), nom. inval.
= Swertia lacei Craib; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1911: 191 (1911)
= Swertia paupera Burkill; J. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 2: 322 (1906)
= Swertia porrigens (G.Don) Clarke emend Burtt.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 26(3): 275 (1965)
= Swertia pulchella Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don; Prod. Fl. Nep. 127 (1825), et ex Numer. List no. 4375 (1830)
= Swertia pulchella C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 4: 125 (1883), nom. superfl.
= Swertia pulchella var. elegans C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 4: 125 (1883)
= Swertia vacillans (Hance) Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 3, 27: 504 (1882)
species :
Swertia arisanensis
Hayata; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30: Art. 1, 203 (1911)
Distribution: C-Taiwan; E-Taiwan
38 TAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia alata Hayata; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 25(19): 168 (1908), nom. illeg.
= Swertia bimaculata var. arisanensis (Hayata) S.S.Ying; Quart. J. Exp. Forest. 3(2): 100 (1989)
species :
Swertia asarifolia
Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 46: 311 (1900)
Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia atroviolacea Harry Sm.; Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 63: 106 (1926)
species :
Swertia assamensis
Harry Sm.; Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Bot. 4: 248 (1970)
Distribution: Bhutan; India (Assam)
40 BHU IND
species :
Swertia banzragczii
Sanchir; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 21: 136 (1984)
Distribution: Mongolia
37 MON
species :
Swertia barunensis
Chassot; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 141(3): 389 (2003)
Distribution: E-Nepal
40 NEP
species :
Swertia beddomei
C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 4: 127 (1883)
Distribution: S-India (Tamil Nadu, Karnataka)
40 IND
species :
Swertia bifolia
Batalin; Act. Hort. Petrop. 13: 378 (1894)
Distribution: China (SE-Gansu, Qinghai, Shaanxi, NW-Sichuan); SE-Tibet
36 CHI TIB
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia heteranthera Y.Ling; Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 4: 337 (1936)
species :
Swertia bimaculata
(Siebold & Zucc.) Hook.f. & Thomson ex C.B.Clarke; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14: 449 (1875)
Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Tibet; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim, West Bengal); Myanmar (Kachin); peninsular Malaysia
36 CHI TIB 38 JAP 40 BHU IND NEP 41 MYA 42 MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Frasera bimaculata (Siebold & Zucc.) Toyok.; Symbolae Asahikawenses 1: 156 (1965)
= Ophelia bimaculata Siebold & Zucc.; Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 4(3): 159 (1846)
= Swertia biauriculata H.Lév.; Cat. Pl. Yun-Nan 116 (1916), nomen
= Swertia bimaculata var. impunctata Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 24: 16 (1910)
= Swertia bimaculata var. macrocarpa Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 47: 262 (1933)
= Swertia mairei H.Lév.; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 25: 22 (1915)
= Swertia plantaginifolia Griff.; Itin. Notes (Posth. Papers, ii.), 171, No. 880 (1848)
= Swertia platyphylla Merr.; Lingnan Sci. J. 15: 424 (1936)
species :
Swertia binchuanensis
T.N.Ho & S.W.Liu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18(1): 84 (1980)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Swertia brownii
J.Shah; Pakistan J. Forest. 38(2): 82 (1988), nom. nov.
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania
23 BUR RWA ZAI 24 ETH 25 KEN TAN UGA
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia calycina N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 8: 574 (1903) (non Franch. (1899 publ. 1900))
species :
Swertia burmanica
Harry Sm.; Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Bot. 4: 253 (1970)
Distribution: Myanmar
41 MYA
species :
Swertia calcicola
Kerr; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1940: 183 (1940)
Distribution: N-Thailand
41 THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia pinetorum Kerr; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1940: 183 (1940)
species :
Swertia calicina
Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 46: 311 (1899)
Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia calicina var. major Diels; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 5: 223 (1912)
species :
Swertia candelabrum
Harry Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 26: 255 (1965)
Distribution: Nepal; Bhutan
40 BHU NEP
species :
Swertia changii
Sheng Z.Yang, Chien F.Chen & Chih H.Chen; Bot. Stud. (Taipei) 49(2): 155 (2008)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
species :
Swertia chirayita
(Roxb.) H.Karst.; Deutsche Fl. 1025 (1880 publ. 1883)
Distribution: Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, West Bengal)
40 BHU IND NEP
Synonyms: hidden
= Agathotes chirayita (Roxb.) D.Don ex G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 178 (1837)
= Ericoila chirayita (Roxb.) Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin Aneb. Rostl. 1(Gentian.): 14 (1824)
= Eyrythalia floribunda G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 187 (1837)
= Gentiana chirayita Roxb. ex Fleming; As. Res. 11: 167 (1810)
= Gentiana floribunda D.Don; Prod. Fl. Nep. 127 (1825)
= Henricea pharmacearcha Lem.; Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris 11: 171 (1824)
= Ophelia chirayita (Roxb.) D.Don ex G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 178 (1837)
= Ophelia chirayita (Roxb.) Griseb.; Gen. Sp. Gent. 320 (1838)
= Swertia chirata Buch.-Ham. ex Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 4372 (1831), nomen
= Swertia chirayita (Roxb.) Buch.-Ham. ex Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 4372 (1830)
= Swertia tongluensis Burkill; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, n. s. 2: 319 (1906)
species :
Swertia cincta
Burkill; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, n. s. 2: 319 (1906)
Distribution: China (Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia alboviolacea H.Lév.; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 25: 23 (1915)
= Swertia purpurascens var. violaceocincta Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 46: 314 (1899)
species :
Swertia coerulescens
(Zoll.) Gilg; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 2: 88 (1895)
Distribution: Java
42 JAW
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophelia coerulescens Zoll. & Moritzi; Nat. en Geneesk. Arch. Neerl. Indie 2: 569 (1845)
= Swertia javanica subsp. coerulescens (Zoll. & Moritzi) R.Geesink; Blumea 21(1): 181 (1973)
species :
Swertia conaensis
T.N.Ho & S.W.Liu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18(1): 81 (1980)
Distribution: Tibet
36 TIB
species :
Swertia connata
Schrenk; Enum. Pl. Nov. 1: 37 (1841)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; China (Xinjiang, Qinghai)
32 KAZ KGZ 36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia obtusa var. quingheensis T.N.Ho & S.W.Liu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18(1): 76 (1980)
species :
Swertia cordata
(G.Don) Wall. ex C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 4: 123 (1883)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Kunar / Nuristan); China (Yunnan); Tibet; Pakistan (Hazara, Murree, Waziristan, Kurram, Chitral, Swat, Astor, Gilgit, Baltistan); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim); Myanmar (Chin, Kachin)
34 AFG 36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP PAK 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophelia chirayta D.Don ex G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 178 (1837), nom. inval.
= Ophelia cordata G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 178 (1837)
= Ophelia cordata var. laxa Griseb.; Gen. Sp. Gent. 315 (1839)
= Ophelia nuda Klotzsch; Bot. Ergebn. Reise Waldemar [Klotzsch & Garcke] 91 (1862)
= Swertia patnitopiansis B.Singh; Phytotaxa 498(4): 273 (2021) (fide Islam et al. 2024)
species :
Swertia corymbosa
(Griseb.) Fielding & Gardner; Sert. Pl. 4: 126 (1844)
Distribution: China (W-Sichuan); India (Chattishgarh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal)
36 CHI 40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophelia corymbosa Griseb.; Gen. Sp. Gent. 317 (1838)
= Ophelia corymbosa var. elatior Griseb.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 9: 125 (1845)
= Ophelia grisebachiana Wight; Ic., t. 1330 (1848)
= Swertia corymbosa Knobl.; Bot. Centralb. 60: 394 (1894)
= Swertia corymbosa var. elatior (Griseb.) C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 4(10): 126 (1883)
= Swertia corymbosa var. grisebachiana (Wight) C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 4(10): 126 (1883)
species :
Swertia crassiuscula
Gilg; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 26: 107 (1899)
subspecies :
subsp. crassiuscula
Distribution: Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania
25 KEN TAN UGA
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia duemmeriana T.C.E.Fr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 8: 527 (1923)
= Swertia granvikii T.C.E.Fr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 8: 525 (1923)
= Swertia mearnsii De Wild.; Pl. Bequaert. 2: 113 (1923)
= Swertia sattimae T.C.E.Fr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 8: 529 (1923)
variant :
var. leucantha
(T.C.E.Fr.) Sileshi; Kew Bull. 53(2): 425 (1998)
Distribution: Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania
25 KEN TAN UGA
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia leucantha T.C.E.Fr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 8: 523 (1923)
= Swertia parnassiiflora T.C.E.Fr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 8: 522 (1923)
subspecies :
subsp. robusta
Sileshi; Kew Bull. 53(2): 425 (1998)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
species :
Swertia crossoloma
Harry Sm.; Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Bot. 4: 249 (1970)
Distribution: Bhutan
40 BHU
species :
Swertia cuneata
Wall. ex D.Don; London Edinburgh Philos. Mag. & J. Sci. 8: 77 (1836)
Distribution: Nepal; N-India (Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, Chumbi)
40 IND NEP
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia cuneata Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 4380 (1831) nomen
= Swertia glycanthera Royle ex G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 176 (1837)
= Swertia hugelii Griseb.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 9: 133 (1845)
= Swertia kamoonensis Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 653 (1841), nom. inval.
variant :
var. asterocalyx
(T.N.Ho & S.W.Liu) T.N.Ho & S.W.Liu; Pl. Diversity Resources 35(3): 387 (2013)
Distribution: SW-Tibet
36 TIB
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia asterocalyx T.N.Ho & S.W.Liu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18(1): 77 (1980)
species :
Swertia davidii
Franch.; Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, Ser. II. 10: 62 (1887 publ. 1888)
Distribution: China (W-Hubei, W-Hunan, E-Sichuan, Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia longipes Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 46: 319 (1899)
species :
Swertia decora
Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 46: 317 (1900)
Distribution: China (S-Sichuan, Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Pleurogyne bodinieri H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 259 (1914)
= Swertia rosea Burkill; J. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 7: 82 (1911)
species :
Swertia decurrens
C.B.Rob.; Philipp. J. Sci. 3: 214 (1908)
Distribution: Philippines (Luzon)
42 PHI
species :
Swertia delavayi
Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 46: 323 (1900)
Distribution: China (S-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Swertia densifolia
(Griseb.) Kashyapa; Kew Bull. 15: 42 (1961)
Distribution: India (Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophelia alba Wight & Arn.; Wight, Illustr., t. 157 bis (1850), nom. inval.
= Ophelia densifolia Griseb.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 9: 125 (1845)
= Ophelia multiflora Dalzell; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 2: 135 (1850)
= Swertia decussata Nimmo ex C.B.Clarke; [J. Graham Cat. Pl. Bombay [Graham] 249, nomen] Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 4: 127 (1883)
species :
Swertia dichotoma
L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 227 (1753)
Distribution: Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; China (Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Hubei, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, N-Sichuan, Xinjiang); Mongolia
30 SIB 32 KAZ KGZ 36 CHI 37 MON
Synonyms: hidden
= Anagallidium dichotomum (L.) Griseb.; Gen. Sp. Gent. 312 (1838)
variant :
var. punctata
T.N.Ho & J.X.Yang; Fl. Tsinling. 1(4): 397, 126 (1983), as ´punctatum´
Distribution: China
36 CHI
variant :
var. rubrostriata
(Y.Z.Zhao, Zong Y.Zhu & L.Q.Zhao) T.N.Ho; Pl. Diversity Resources 35(3): 390 (2013)
Distribution: China (Nei Mongol)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Anagallidium rubrostriatum Y.Z.Zhao, Zong Y.Zhu & L.Q.Zhao; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 42(1): 83 (2004)
species :
Swertia dilatata
C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 4: 22 (1883)
Distribution: Nepal; India (Assam, Sikkim, West Bengal)
40 IND NEP
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia dilatata var. pilosa C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 4: 122 (1883)
species :
Swertia diluta
(Turcz.) Benth. & Hook.f.; Gen. 2: 817 (1876)
Distribution: Siberia (Altai, Chita, Krasnoyarsk, W-Siberia); Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Primorye); China (Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, N-Sichuan, Xinjiang); North Korea; North Korea; South Korea; South Korea
30 SIB 31 RFE 36 CHI 38 KOR NKO
Synonyms: hidden
= Frasera diluta (Turcz.) Toyok.; Symbolae Asahikawenses 1: 155 (1965)
= Gentiana diluta Turcz.; In Bull. Soc. Nat. Moso. 22(2): 338 (1849)
= Ophelia chinensis Bunge ex Griseb.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 9: 126 (1845)
= Ophelia chinensis var. daurica Bunge ex Griseb.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 9: 126 (1845)
= Ophelia diluta (Turcz.) Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 3: 73 (1847)
= Pleurogyne rotata Franch. & Sav.; Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 450 (1877)
= Sczukinia diluta (Turcz.) Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 14: 166 (1840)
= Swertia chinensis (Bunge ex Griseb.) Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 32: 26 (1885)
= Swertia chinensis f. stenopetala Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 46: 322 (1899)
= Swertia diluta (Turcz.) Zuev; Bot. Zhurn. 75(9): 1303 (1990), isonym
variant :
var. tosaensis
(Makino) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 25: 89 (1950)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Primorye); China (Hebei, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, NE-Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi); South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)
31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Frasera diluta var. tosaensis (Makino) Toyok.; Symb. Asahikaw. 1: 155 (1965)
= Ophelia tosaensis (Makino) Czerep.; Vasc. Pl. Russia & Adj. States (former USSR) 271 (1995)
= Ophelia tscherskyi (Kom.) Grossh.; Fl. URSS 18: 626 (1952)
= Swertia chinensis var. tosaensis Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 6: 53 (1892), nomen
= Swertia tosaensis Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 17: 54 (1903)
= Swertia tscherskyi Kom.; Bull. Jard. Bot. Petersb. 16: 177 (1916)
species :
Swertia divaricata
Harry Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 26: 256 (1965)
Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Swertia drassensis
Banoo, Khuroo & A.H.Ganie; Phytotaxa 571(2): 220 (2022)
Distribution: India (Jammu & Kashmir)
40 IND
species :
Swertia elata
Harry Sm.; Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 63: 106 (1926)
Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Swertia emeiensis
Ma; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18(1): 75 (1980) ex T. N. Ho & S. W. Liu
Distribution: China (Sichuan)
36 CHI
species :
Swertia eminii
Engl.; Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C 314 (1895)
Distribution: ?Cameroon; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; South Sudan; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe
23 BUR RWA ZAI 24 SSU 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 MLW ZAM ZIM
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia tshitirungensis De Wild.; Rev. Zool.-Bot. Africaines 10(Suppl. Bot.): 4 (1922)
species :
Swertia endotricha
Harry Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 26: 256 (1965)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Swertia engleri
Gilg; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 26: 108 (1899)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia multicaulis Engl. ex Gilg; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 2: 88 (1895)
species :
Swertia erosula
N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(1): 572 (1903)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; Uganda
23 BUR RWA ZAI 25 UGA
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia aberdarica T.C.E.Fr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 8: 513 (1923)
= Swertia adolfi-friderici Mildbr. & Gilg; Wiss. Ergebn. Deutsch. Zentr.-Afr.-Exped. 1907-8 2: 534 (1913)
= Swertia lovenii T.C.E.Fr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 8: 513 (1923)
= Swertia mildbraedii Gilg; Wiss. Ergebn. Deutsch. Zentr.-Afr.-Exped. 1907-8 2: 535 (1913)
species :
Swertia erythrosticta
Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Petersb. 27: 503 (1881)
Distribution: China (Gansu, Hebei, Hubei, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shanxi, Sichuan); North Korea
36 CHI 38 NKO
variant :
var. epunctata
T.N.Ho & S.W.Liu; Acta Biol. Plateau Sin. 1: 46 (1982)
Distribution: China (E-Qinghai)
36 CHI
species :
Swertia fasciculata
T.N.Ho & S.W.Liu; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 62: 403 (1988), nom. nov.
Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia hypericoides Diels; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 5: 222 (1912), nom. illeg.
species :
Swertia fedtschenkoana
Pissjauk.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 21: 305 (1961)
Distribution: Tajikistan
32 TZK
species :
Swertia filicaulis
Gilg; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 26: 109 (1899)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
species :
Swertia forrestii
Harry Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 26: 258 (1965)
Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Swertia franchetiana
Harry Sm.; Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Bot. 4: 251 (1970)
Distribution: China (S-Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan); Tibet
36 CHI TIB
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia stricta Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 46: 322 (1900) nec Collett & Hemsl. (1890)
species :
Swertia gonczaroviana
Pissjauk.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 21: 312 (1961)
Distribution: Uzbekistan; Tajikistan
32 TZK UZB
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia erosula Gontsch.; Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 1: 162 (1933) non N. E. Br. (1904)
species :
Swertia graciliflora
Gontsch.; Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 1: 161 (1933)
Distribution: Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; China (Xinjiang)
32 KGZ TZK UZB 36 CHI
species :
Swertia grandiflora
Harry Sm.; Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Bot. 4: 244 (1970)
Distribution: Bhutan
40 BHU
species :
Swertia gyacaensis
T.N.Ho & S.W.Liu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18(1): 77 (1980)
Distribution: Tibet
36 TIB
species :
Swertia handeliana
Harry Sm.; Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 63: 106 (1926)
Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet; India (Arunachal Pradesh)
36 CHI TIB 40 IND
species :
Swertia hickinii
Burkill; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, n. s. 2: 320 (1906)
Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Zhejiang)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia guibeiensis C.Z.Gao; Guihaia 14(1): 20 (1994)
species :
Swertia hispidicalyx
Burkill; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, n. s. 2: 321 (1906)
Distribution: Tibet; Nepal
36 TIB 40 NEP
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia hispidicalyx var. major Burkill; J. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 2: 321 (1906)
variant :
var. minima
Burkill; J. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 2: 321 (1906)
Distribution: SE-Tibet; W-Tibet
36 TIB
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia hispidicalyx f. subglabra C.Marquand; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 48: 208 (1929)
= Swertia hispidicalyx var. subglabra (C.Marquand) T.N.He; Fl. Xizang. 3: 992 (1986)
species :
Swertia hongquanii
Jia X.Li; PhytoKeys 132: 3 (2019)
Distribution: China (Hunan)
36 CHI
species :
Swertia hookeri
C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 4: 127 (1883)
Distribution: Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Sikkim)
36 TIB 40 BHU IND NEP
species :
Swertia iberica
Fisch. ex C.A.Mey.; Beitr. Pfl. Russ. Reichs 6: 61 (1849)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; NE-Turkey
33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia balansae Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 78 (1875)
= Swertia haussknechtii Gilg; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 2: 88 (1895)
= Swertia haussknechtii Gilg ex Pissjauk.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 276 (1964)
= Swertia iberica subsp. haussknechtii (Gilg ex Pissjauk.) V.E.Avet.; Izv. Akad. Nauk Armyansk. S.S.R., Biol. Nauk 18(10): 57 (1965)
= Swertia iberica var. albida C.A.Mey.; Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Reiches 6: 62 (1849)
= Swertia iberica var. coerulea C.A.Mey.; Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Reiches 6: 62 (1849)
= Swertia obtusa var. albiflora Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 3: 75 (1846)
= Swertia punctata var. concolor Albov; Prodr. Fl. Colchic. 177 (1895)
species :
Swertia intermixta
A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 57 (1850)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Kenya; Zambia; Malawi
24 ETH 25 KEN 26 MLW ZAM
species :
Swertia japonica
(Schult.) Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 24: 294 (1910)
Distribution: South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)
38 JAP KOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Frasera japonica (Schult.) Toyok.; Symbolae Asahikawenses 1: 156 (1965)
= Gentiana japonica Schult.; Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 6: 174 (1820)
= Ophelia japonica (Schult.) Griseb.; Gen. Sp. Gent. 321 (1838)
= Ophelia japonica f. littoralis (Hid.Takah.) Toyok. & Y.Toyok.; J. Asahikawa Univ. 4: 182 (1976)
= Swertia japonica f. chionantha F.Maek.; J. Jap. Bot. 12: 140 (1939)
= Swertia japonica f. minutula Honda; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 20: 18 (1962)
= Swertia japonica var. latifolia Konta; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo, B 31: 63 (2005)
= Swertia japonica var. littoralis Hid.Takah.; Bull. Kanagawa Prefect. Mus., Nat. Sci. 1(5): 1 (1972)
= Swertia rotata Thunb.; Fl. Jap. 115 (1784)
= Synallodia japonica Raf.; New Fl. 4: 93 (1838)
species :
Swertia javanica
Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 848 (1826)
subspecies :
subsp. javanica
Distribution: Java
42 JAW
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophelia javanica (Blume) Hassk.; Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. Alt. 127 (1844)
= Swertia javanica f. variegata Hochr.; Candollea 2: 513 (1925)
subspecies :
subsp. confusa
R.Geesink; Blumea 21(1): 181 (1973)
Distribution: Java
42 JAW
subspecies :
subsp. nana
R.Geesink; Blumea 21(1): 181 (1973)
Distribution: Lesser Sunda Isl.
42 LSI
subspecies :
subsp. sumatrensis
R.Geesink; Blumea 21(1): 182 (1973)
Distribution: Sumatra
42 SUM
species :
Swertia jayantii
Amber Srivast. & Khuraijam; Phytotaxa 640(1): 58 (2024)
Distribution: India (Meghalaya)
40 IND
species :
Swertia juzepczukii
Pissjauk.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 21: 302 (1961)
Distribution: Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan
32 KGZ TZK
species :
Swertia kashmirensis
B.A.Wani, T.Islam & Khuroo; Phytotaxa 532(1): 94 (2022)
subspecies :
subsp. kashmirensis
Distribution: NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir)
40 IND
subspecies :
subsp. darii
T.Islam, Rasray & Khuroo; Phytotaxa 638(1): 80 (2024)
Distribution: NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir)
40 IND
species :
Swertia kilimandscharica
Engl.; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1891(2): 339 (1892)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Malawi
23 BUR RWA ZAI 24 ETH 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 MLW
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia gentianifolia Chiov.; Ann. Bot. (Rome) 9: 82 (1911)
= Swertia janssensii De Wild.; Pl. Bequaert. 2: 111 (1923)
= Swertia silenifolia T.C.E.Fr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 8: 516 (1923)
species :
Swertia kingii
Hook.f.; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 15(2): 34, pl. 1442 (1883)
Distribution: Nepal; India (Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Uttarakhand)
40 IND NEP
species :
Swertia kouitchensis
Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 46: 320 (1899)
Distribution: China (S-Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, S-Shaanxi, E-Sichuan, NE-Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia shigucao Z.Y.Zhu; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 11(4): 63 (1991)
= Swertia elongata T.N.Ho & S.W.Liu ex J.X.Yang; Fl. Tsinling. 1(4): 397, 124 (1983)
variant :
var. jiendeensis
(Y.Y.Fang) T.N.Ho; Worldwide Monogr. Swertia 254 (2015)
Distribution: China
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia jiendeensis Y.Y.Fang; Bull. Bot. Res. North-East. Forest. Inst. 7(1): 90 (1987)
species :
Swertia lactea
Bunge; Beitr. Fl. Russl. 217 (1852)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Iran (NE-Iran: Mts.); Afghanistan (Badakshan, Wakhan, Bamyan, Ghazni, Kunar / Nuristan, Wardak, Parwan, Takhar)
32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 34 AFG IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia variabilis Pissjauk.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 21: 307 (1961)
species :
Swertia lastii
Engl.; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1891(2): 337 (1892)
Distribution: Malawi; Mozambique
26 MLW MOZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia porphyrantha Baker; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1898: 159 (1898)
species :
Swertia lawii
(Wight & Arn.) Burkill; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, n. s. 2: 379 (1906)
Distribution: S-India (Kerala, Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophelia lawii Wight & Arn.; Wight, Ill. Ind. Bot. 2: 175, t. 157 bis (1850), analysis, but no illustration.
= Ophelia pauciflora Dalzell; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 3: 211 (1851)
= Swertia corymbosa var. lawii (Wight & Am.) C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 4(10): 126 (1883)
= Swertia pauciflora (Dalzell) Harry Sm.; Hand.-Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 983 (1936)
= Swertia pauciflora (Dalzell) J.Shah; Pakistan J. Forest. 38(2): 81 (1988), isonym
species :
Swertia leducii
Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 46: 316 (1899)
Distribution: China (S-Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia mileensis T.N.Ho & W.L.Shi; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 14(2): 63 (1976)
species :
Swertia lihengiana
T.N.Ho & S.W.Liu; Novon 20(2): 167 (2010)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Swertia longifolia
Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 1, 5: 90 (1844) et Fl. 4: 79 (1875)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Armenia; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, W-Iran); NE-Pakistan (Gilgit); India (Jammu & Kashmir)
33 ARM NCS 34 IRN IRQ TUR 40 IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia aucheri Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 1, 5: 90 (1844)
= Swertia kiharae Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 16: 133 (1956)
= Swertia obtusa K.Koch; Linnaea 23: 586 (1850), nom. illeg.
= Swertia persica Griseb.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 9: 132 (1845)
= Swertia warackensis Freyn; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 1: 274 (1901)
species :
Swertia lugardae
Bullock; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1932: 500 (1932)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya
24 ETH 25 KEN UGA
species :
Swertia luquanensis
S.W.Liu ex T.N.Ho; Novon 4(4): 372 (1994)
Distribution: China (NE-Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Swertia lurida
Royle ex D.Don; Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 528 (1837)
Distribution: Nepal; India (Himachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Uttarakhand, West Bengal)
40 IND NEP
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophelia lurida D.Don; Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 527 (1837)
species :
Swertia macrosepala
Gilg; Wiss. Ergebn. Deutsch. Zentr.-Afr.-Exped. 1907-8 2: 536 (1913)
subspecies :
subsp. macrosepala
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Uganda; Tanzania
23 RWA ZAI 25 TAN UGA
subspecies :
subsp. microsperma
Sileshi; Kew Bull. 53(2): 432 (1998)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
species :
Swertia macrosperma
(C.B.Clarke) C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 4: 123 (1883)
Distribution: China (Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan); Taiwan; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Sikkim); Myanmar (Kachin); Vietnam
36 CHI 38 TAI 40 BHU IND NEP 41 MYA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophelia macrosperma C.B.Clarke; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14: 448 (1875)
= Swertia randaiensis Hayata; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30(1): 203 (1911)
= Swertia scandens H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 188 (1913)
species :
Swertia mannii
Hook.f.; J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 7: 206 (1863)
Distribution: Guinea; Cameroon (Mt. Cameroon)
22 GUI 23 CMN
species :
Swertia marginata
Schrenk; Bull. Sci. Acad. Petersb. 10: 353 (1842)
Distribution: Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva); Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Wakhan); China (W-Gansu, N-Xinjiang); Mongolia; NE-Pakistan (Pamirs); NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir, Ladakh)
30 SIB 32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 34 AFG 36 CHI 37 MON 40 IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia komarovii Pissjauk.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 21: 298 (1961)
= Swertia pseudopetiolata Pissjauk.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 21: 295 (1961)
species :
Swertia membranifolia
Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 46: 319 (1899)
Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Swertia multicaulis
D.Don; Prod. Fl. Nep. 127 (1825)
Distribution: S-Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Meghalaya, Sikkim, West Bengal, Chumbi)
36 TIB 40 BHU IND NEP
variant :
var. umbellifera
T.N.Ho & S.W.Liu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18(1): 79 (1980)
Distribution: SW-Tibet
36 TIB
species :
Swertia mussotii
Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 46: 316 (1899)
Distribution: China (SW-Qinghai, NW-Sichuan, Yunnan); E-Tibet
36 CHI TIB
variant :
var. flavescens
T.N.Ho & S.W.Liu; Acta Biol. Plateau Sin. 1: 47 (1982)
Distribution: China (SW-Qinghai, NW-Sichuan)
36 CHI
species :
Swertia nepalensis
J.Shah; Pakistan J. Forest. 38(2): 79 (1988)
Distribution: Nepal
40 NEP
species :
Swertia nervosa
(Wall. ex G.Don) C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 4(10): 125 (1883)
Distribution: China (SE-Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, SW-Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, West Bengal)
36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP
Synonyms: hidden
= Agathotes nervosa Wall. ex G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 177 (1837)
= Ophelia nervosa (G.Don) Griseb.; Gen. Sp. Gent. 317 (1839)
= Swertia cavaleriei H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 187 (1913)
= Swertia nervosa Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 4383 (1830)
species :
Swertia noguchiana
Hatus.; J. Geobot. 16: 10 (1968)
Distribution: Japan (Izu Isl., Izu peninsula)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophelia noguchiana (Hatus.) Toyok. & Y.Toyok.; Asahikawa Univ. 4: 182 (1976)
species :
Swertia obtusa
Ledeb.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersbourg Hist. Acad. 5: 526 (1815)
Distribution: European Russia; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Amur, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Sakhalin); Kazakhstan; China (Xinjiang); Mongolia
14 RUS 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ 36 CHI 37 MON
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia baicalensis Popov; Fl. Centr. Sibir. 2: 596 (1959), sine descr. lat.
= Swertia baicalensis Popov ex Pissjauk.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 22: 213 (1963)
= Swertia obtusa var. stenopetala Regel & Tiling; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 112 (1858)
= Swertia perennis subsp. obtusa (Ledeb.) H.Hara; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 361 (1956)
= Swertia perennis subsp. stenopetala (Regel & Tiling) Vorosch.; Florist. Issl. Razn. Raionakh S.S.S.R. [A.K.Skvortsov] 187 (1985)
= Swertia perennis var. alternifolia Cham. & Schltdl.; Linnaea 1: 189 (1826)
= Swertia perennis var. obtusa (Ledeb.) Griseb.; Hook., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 66 (1837)
= Swertia stenopetala (Regel & Tiling) Pissjauk.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 22: 213 (1963)
species :
Swertia oculata
Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26: 140 (1890)
Distribution: China (Guizhou, W-Hubei, E-Sichuan)
36 CHI
species :
Swertia oxyphylla
(Miq.) Boerl.; Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 473 (1899)
Distribution: Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali)
42 JAW LSI
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophelia oxyphylla Miq.; Fl. Ind. Bat. 2: 562 (1856)
variant :
var. parvula
R.Geesink; Blumea 21(1): 180 (1973)
Distribution: Lesser Sunda Isl.
42 LSI
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia moetis Malm; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 42: 14 (1937)
species :
Swertia pahalgamensis
T.Islam, Khuroo & Nawchoo; Phytotaxa 547(2): 203 (2022)
Distribution: India (Jammu & Kashmir)
40 IND
species :
Swertia paniculata
Wall.; Pl. Asiat. Rar. [Wallich] 3: 3 (1831)
Distribution: China (Yunnan); S-Tibet; SW-Tibet; Pakistan (Swat, Hazara, Murree); Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Uttarakhand Tamil Nadu, West Bengal); Myanmar (Shan)
36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP PAK 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophelia paniculata (Wall.) D.Don; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17: 525 (1837)
= Ophelia paniculata var. brachypetala Griseb.; Gen. Sp. Gent. 314 (1839)
= Ophelia wallichii G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 178 (1837)
= Swertia gracilescens Harry Sm.; Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Bot. 4: 251 (1970)
= Swertia griffithii C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 4: 122 (1883)
= Swertia paniculata var. gracilescens (Harry Sm.) T.N.Ho; Pl. Diversity Resources 35(3): 390 (2013)
species :
Swertia papuana
Diels; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 62: 488 (1929)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
species :
Swertia patens
Burkill; J.-4s. Soc. Beng. n. s. 7: 82 (1911)
Distribution: China (S-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Pleurogyne mairei H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 258 (1914)
= Pleurogyne mairei var. rubropunctata H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 258 (1914)
= Pleurogyne patens (Burkill) H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 258 (1914)
= Pleurogyne vaniotii H.Lév.; Bull. Geogr. Bot. 25: 22 (1915)
species :
Swertia patula
Harry Sm.; Hand.-Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 986 (1936)
Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Swertia perennis
L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 226 (1753)
subspecies :
subsp. perennis
Name: Moorenzian, Blauer Tarant (DE), Felwort (EN)
Distribution: Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern); Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; N-Spain; Andorra; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Serbia; Kosovo; Romania; Bulgaria; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Ukraine; Alaska; Canada (British Columbia); USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington State, Wyoming)
11 AUT CZE GER POL SLO SWI 12 ADO FRA SPA 13 BUL CRO ITA KOS ROM SLV SRB 14 BLR EST LAT LIT RUS UKR 70 ASK 71 CDN 73 USA 76 USA 77 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Blepharaden perennis (L.) Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées 449 (1867)
= Gentiana palustris All.; Fl. Pedem. 1: 100 (1785)
= Gentiana paniculata Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 2: 290 (1779)
= Gentiana swertia E.H.L.Krause; Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild., ed. 2, 10: 31 (1903), nom. superfl.
= Swertia alpestris Baumg.; Enum. Stirp. Transsilv., Mant. 19 (1846)
= Swertia congesta A.Nelson; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 28: 228 (1901)
= Swertia covillei Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 77 (1904)
= Swertia fritillaria Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 40: 465 (1913)
= Swertia intermedia Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 10: 149 (1859)
= Swertia manshurica (Kom.) Kitag.; Rep. Inst. Sci. Research Manchoukuo 3: App. 1, 361 (1939)
= Swertia occidentalis Greene; Pittonia 4: 184 (1900)
= Swertia ovalifolia Greene; Pittonia 4: 185 (1900)
= Swertia palustris A.Nelson; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 28: 227 (1901)
= Swertia parallela Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 92 (1904)
= Swertia perennis f. humilis Hegi; (1975 publ. 1927)
= Swertia perennis f. rosea (Hadac) Pawlowska; Pawl. & Jasiewicz, 35 (1971), nom. inval.
= Swertia perennis subsp. alpestris (Baumg. ex Fuss) Domin & Podp.; , isonym
= Swertia perennis subsp. alpestris (Baumg. ex Fuss) Simonk.; Enum. Stirp. Transsilv. Mant. 19 (1846)
= Swertia perennis subsp. covillei (Greene) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 12: 25 (1982)
= Swertia perennis subsp. punctata (Baumg.) Ciocârlan
= Swertia perennis var. alpestris (Baumg. ex Fuss) Sagorski & Gus.Schneider; 396 (1891)
= Swertia perennis var. alpestris (Baumg.) Kozuharov & A.V.Petrova; Fl. Narodna Republ. Bulg. 8: 418 (1982)
= Swertia perennis var. grandiflora Rchb.; 13, t. DCCCXXXVIII (1831)
= Swertia perennis var. manshurica Kom.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 25: 275 (1905)
= Swertia perennis var. obtusa (Ledeb.) Ledeb. ex Griseb.
= Swertia perennis var. pallescens Döll; 805 (1859)
= Swertia perennis var. pawlowskii Kárpáti; 54 (1970)
= Swertia perennis var. rosea Hadac; Hadac & Smarda, 80 (1960)
= Swertia punctata Baumg.; Enum. Stirp. Transsilv. 1: 190 (1816)
= Swertia scopulina Greene; Pittonia 4: 184 (1900)
= Swertia stigmantha K.Koch; Linnaea 23: 586 (1850)
= Swertia turfosa Baumg. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 653 (1841), nomen
subspecies :
subsp. cuspidata
(Maxim.) H.Hara; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, sect. III 6: 361 (1956)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Kuril Isl.); China (Jilin); Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu)
31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia cuspidata (Maxim.) Kitag.; Rep. Inst. Sci. Research Manchoukuo 3: App. 1, 361 (1939)
= Swertia obtusa f. leucantha H.Hara; Enum. Spermatophytarum Japon. 1: 142 (1949)
= Swertia obtusa var. cuspidata (Maxim.) H.Hara; Enum. Spermatophytarum Japon. 1: 142 (1949)
= Swertia perennis var. cuspidata Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 3, 20: 434 (1875)
species :
Swertia petiolata
Royle ex D.Don; [Illustr. Bot. Himal. 277 (1835), nomen] London Edinb. Philos. Mag. J. Sci. 8(43): 77 (1836)
Distribution: Nepal; India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand)
40 IND NEP
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia lahulensis A.Kern.; Ber. Naturw. Ver. Innsbruck 1: 100 (1870)
= Swertia petiolata var. lahulensis (A.Kem.) C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 4: 128 (1883)
species :
Swertia pianmaensis
T.N.Ho & S.W.Liu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18(1): 82 (1980)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Swertia piloglandulosa
R.Geesink; Blumea 20(1): 132 (1972)
subspecies :
subsp. piloglandulosa
Distribution: Sumatra
42 SUM
subspecies :
subsp. biovulata
R.Geesink; Blumea 20(1): 132 (1972)
Distribution: Sumatra
42 SUM
species :
Swertia polynectaria
Gilg; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 2: 88 (1895)
Distribution: Yemen (W-Yemen, N-Inner Yemen)
35 YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia decumbens Vahl; Symb. Bot. [Vahl] 1: 24 (1790)
species :
Swertia przewalskii
Pissjauk.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 21: 300 (1961)
Distribution: China (NE-Qinghai)
36 CHI
species :
Swertia pseudochinensis
H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 25: 89 (1950)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Primorye); China (Hebei, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi); North Korea; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)
31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP NKO
Synonyms: hidden
= Frasera pseudochinensis (H.Hara) Toyok.; Symbolae Asahikawenses 1: 156 (1965)
= Ophelia pseudochinensis (H.Hara) Czerep.; Vasc. Pl. Russia & Adj. States (former USSR) 271 (1995), isonym
= Ophelia pseudochinensis (H.Hara) Toyok.; J. Fac. Sci., Hokkaido Univ., Ser. 5, Bot. 7: 167 (1963)
= Ophelia pseudochinensis f. grandiflora (Franch.) A.E.Kozhevn. & Z.Kozhevn.; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol. 114(2): 55 (2009)
= Swertia chinensis f. grandiflora Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 46: 322 (1899)
= Swertia chinensis f. violacea Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 17: 55 (1903)
= Swertia pseudochinensis f. alba Y.N.Lee; Fl. Korea 1159 (1996), no type indicated.
= Swertia pseudochinensis f. grandiflora (Franch.) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 25: 89 (1950)
species :
Swertia pseudohookeri
Harry Sm.; Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Bot. 4: 246 (1970)
Distribution: Nepal; Bhutan
40 BHU NEP
species :
Swertia pubescens
Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 46: 313 (1899)
Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Swertia pumila
Hochst.; Flora (Regensburg) 27: 28 (1844) ex Hook.f., J. Linn. Soc. 7: 206 (1864)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Kenya; Tanzania
24 ETH 25 KEN TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia minima Gilg; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 26: 108 (1899)
= Swertia petitiana A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 55 (1850)
= Swertia wojeratensis N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(1): 577 (1903)
species :
Swertia punicea
Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26: 140 (1890)
Distribution: China (Guizhou, W-Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia duclouxii Burkill; J. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 7: 81 (1911)
variant :
var. lutescens
Franch. ex T.N.Ho; Acta Biol. Plateau Sin. 1: 47 (1982)
Distribution: China (C-Yunnan, NW-Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Swertia purpurascens
Wall ex C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 4: 121 (1883)
Distribution: Pakistan (Hazara, Kurram, Swat); Nepal; N-India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Nagaland, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, West Bengal)
40 IND NEP PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophelia ciliata D.Don ex G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 178 (1837)
= Ophelia dalhousiana Griseb.; Gen. Sp. Gent. 313 (1838)
= Ophelia purpurascens D.Don; London Edinburgh Philos. Mag. & J. Sci. 8: 77 (1836)
= Ophelia purpurascens var. ciliata (D.Don) D.Don; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17: 526 (1837)
= Ophelia teres D.Don; G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 178 (1837)
= Swertia ciliata (D.Don) B.L.Burtt; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 25: 272 (1965)
= Swertia ciliata Royle ex D.Don; Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 526 (1837)
= Swertia pedicellata Banerji; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1924: 263 (1924)
= Swertia purpurascens var. ramosa Burkill; J. & Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 3: 34 (1907)
= Swertia purpurascens Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 4379 (1830)
= Swertia purpurea Royle; Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. [Royle] 277 (1835), nom. inval.
= Swertia teres (D.Don) J.Shah; Pakistan J. Forest. 38(2): 81 (1988)
species :
Swertia quartiniana
A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 56 (1850)
Distribution: Nigeria; Cameroon; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique
22 NGA 23 CMN ZAI 24 ETH 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia fwambensis N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(1): 574 (1903)
species :
Swertia racemosa
(Griseb.) Wall. ex C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 4: 124 (1883)
Distribution: SE-Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Uttarakhand)
36 TIB 40 BHU IND NEP
Synonyms: hidden
= Kingdon-wardia codonopsidoides C.Marquand; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 48: 207 (1929)
= Kingdon-wardia racemosa (Griseb.) T.N.He; Fl. Xizang. 3: 982 (1986)
= Ophelia racemosa Wall. ex Griseb.; Gen. Sp. Gent. 319 (1838)
species :
Swertia ramosa
W.W.Sm.; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, n. s. 7: 77 (1911)
Distribution: Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Sikkim)
40 BHU IND NEP
species :
Swertia raveendrae
Shahina & Nampy; Phytotaxa 195(1): 44 (2015)
Distribution: India (Karnataka)
40 IND
species :
Swertia richardii
Engl.; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1891(2): 338 (1892)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
species :
Swertia rosularis
T.N.Ho & S.W.Liu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18(1): 83 (1980)
Distribution: China (Sichuan: Emei Shan)
36 CHI
species :
Swertia rosulata
(Baker) Klack.; Fl. Madagascar, fam. 168 & 168 bis: 165 (1990)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Exacum rosulatum Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 20: 210 (1883)
= Lomatogonium lubahnianum (Vatke) Fernald; Rhodora 21: 198 (1919)
= Pleurogyne lubahniana Vatke; Abh. Naturwiss. Vereins Bremen 9: 127 (1885)
= Swertia lubahniana (Vatke) Engl.; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1891(2): 338 (1892)
species :
Swertia rotundiglandula
T.N.Ho & S.W.Liu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18(1): 77 (1980)
Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan); E-Tibet
36 CHI TIB
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia tetragona R.H.Miau; Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni 34(3): 82 (1995), nom. illeg.
species :
Swertia sarmentosa
T.N.Ho & S.W.Liu; Pl. Diversity Resources 35(3): 389 (2013), nom. nov.
Distribution: Kenya
25 KEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia scandens T.C.E.Fr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 8: 516 (1923), non H. Lév. 1913
species :
Swertia scapiformis
T.N.Ho & S.W.Liu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18(1): 80 (1980)
Distribution: Tibet (Cona Shan)
36 TIB
species :
Swertia schimperi
(Hochst.) Griseb.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 9: 563 (1845)
Distribution: South Sudan; Ethiopia; Uganda; Tanzania; Malawi
24 ETH SSU 25 TAN UGA 26 MLW
Synonyms: hidden
= Monobothrium schimperi Hochst.; Flora (Regensburg) 27: 28 (1844)
= Ophelia fimbriata Hochst.; Flora (Regensburg) 27: 28 (1844), nom. superfl.
= Swertia fimbriata (Hochst.) Cufod.; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 30: Suppl., 681 (1960), et Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belg. 39: Suppl., p. 30 (1969), basionymo cit.
= Swertia johnsonii N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(1): 572 (1903)
species :
Swertia schliebenii
Mildbr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11: 402 (1932)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
species :
Swertia schugnanica
Pissjauk.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 21: 309 (1961)
Distribution: Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Badakshan, Wakhan, Bamyan, Paktia / Khost, Parwan)
32 TZK 34 AFG
species :
Swertia scottii
J.Shah; Pakistan J. Forest. 38(2): 80 (1988)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
species :
Swertia shintenensis
Hayata; Ic. Pl Formos. 6: 31 (1916)
Distribution: N-Taiwan
38 TAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia kanasiroi var. shintenensis (Hayata) Satake; J. Jap. Bot. 20: 341 (1944)
species :
Swertia souliei
Burkill; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, n. s. 2: 325 (1906)
Distribution: China (Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia pauciflora Harry Sm.; Hand.-Mazz., Symb. Sin. 7: 983 (1936), nom. illeg.
= Swertia subspeciosa Burkill; J. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 2: 326 (1906)
species :
Swertia speciosa
D.Don; London Edinburgh Philos. Mag. & J. Sci., Ser. 3, 8: 77 (1836)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Kunar / Nuristan); S-Tibet; Pakistan (Kurram, Chitral, Swat, Deosai); Nepal; N-India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttarakhand)
34 AFG 36 TIB 40 IND NEP PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia rex C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 4: 127 (1883)
variant :
var. perfoliata
(G.Don) C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 4: 128 (1883)
Distribution: India (Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Nagaland, Sikkim, Uttarakhand)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia perfoliata Royle ex G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 176 (1837)
= Swertia speciosa var. lacei Burkill; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 2: 326 (1906)
species :
Swertia splendens
Harry Sm.; Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Bot. 4: 250 (1970)
Distribution: Tibet; NE-India (Arunachal Pradesh)
36 TIB 40 IND
species :
Swertia squamigera
Sileshi; Kew Bull. 52(2): 487 (1997)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
species :
Swertia staintonii
Harry Sm.; Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Bot. 4: 246 (1970)
Distribution: Nepal; Bhutan
40 BHU NEP
species :
Swertia steenisii
R.Geesink; Blumea 20(1): 132 (1972)
Distribution: Sumatra
42 SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia javanica subsp. steenisii (R.Geesink) R.Geesink; Blumea 21(1): 161 (1973)
species :
Swertia striata
Collett & Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 28: 91 (1890)
Distribution: Myanmar (Mandalay); N-Thailand
41 MYA THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia chiangdaoensis Suksathan; Edinburgh J. Bot. 58(3): 429 (2001)
species :
Swertia subnivalis
T.C.E.Fr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 8: 533 (1923)
Distribution: Kenya (Mt. Kenya)
25 KEN
species :
Swertia subuniflora
B.Hua Chen & Shi L.Chen; Phytotaxa 280(1): 38 (2016)
Distribution: China (Fujian)
36 CHI
species :
Swertia swertopsis
Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 15: 47 (1901)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Frasera umbellata (Makino) Toyok.; Symbolae Asahikawenses 1: 156 (1965)
= Ophelia umbellata (Makino) Toyok.; J. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Ser. 5, Bot. 7: 172 (1963), nom. illeg.
= Swertia umbellata (Makino) Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 8: 434 (1894), nom. illeg.
= Swertopsis umbellata Makino; Ill. Fl. Jap., t. 66 (1891)
species :
Swertia tashiroi
(Maxim.) Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 57 (1896)
Distribution: Japan (Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.
38 JAP NNS
Synonyms: hidden
= Frasera tashiroi (Maxim.) Toyok.; Symbolae Asahikawenses 1: 156 (1965)
= Ophelia tashiroi Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 3, 31: 68 (1886)
= Swertia kanasiroi Satake; J. Jap. Bot. 16: 424 (1940)
= Swertia kuroiwae Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 17: 53 (1903)
= Swertia kuroiwae var. condensata F.Maek.; J. Jap. Bot. 12: 160 (1936)
= Swertia kuroiwae var. laxa F.Maek.; J. Jap. Bot. 12: 160 (1936)
= Swertia makinoana Maek.; J. Jap. Bot. 12: 159 (1936)
= Swertia tashiroi f. cruciata (F.Maek.) Koh Nakam., Kokub., Denda & Yokota; J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. 56(1): 34 (2008)
= Swertia tashiroi f. plena Koh Nakam., Kokub., Denda & Yokota; J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. 56(1): 34 (2008)
= Swertia tashiroi var. cruciata F.Maek.; J. Jap. Bot. 12: 160 (1936)
species :
Swertia taylorii
J.Shah; Pakistan J. Forest. 38(2): 79 (1988)
Distribution: Tibet
36 TIB
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia gracilis Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 46: 321 (1899), nom. illeg.
species :
Swertia tenuis
T.N.Ho & S.W.Liu; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 62: 396 (1988)
Distribution: China (S-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Swertia tetragona
Edgew.; Trans. Linn. Soc. 20: 86 (1846)
Distribution: Pakistan (Chitral, Gilgit); Nepal; NW-India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand)
40 IND NEP PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophelia tetragona C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 4: 122 (1883)
species :
Swertia tetrandra
Hochst.; Flora (Regensburg) 27: 28 (1844)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Zimbabwe
24 ETH 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ZIM
species :
Swertia tetrapetala
Pall.; Fl. Ross. [Pallas] 1(2): 99 (1789)
subspecies :
subsp. tetrapetala
Distribution: Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Kuril Isl., Primorye, Sakhalin); China (Jilin); North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido)
31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO
Synonyms: hidden
= Anagallidium tetrapetalum (Pall.) Griseb.; Gen. Sp. Gent. 312 (1838)
= Frasera tetrapetala (Pall.) Toyok.; Symbolae Asahikawenses 1: 155 (1965)
= Frasera tetrapetala f. leucantha (Hid.Takah.) Toyok. & Y.Toyok.; J. Asahikawa Univ. 4: 182 (1976)
= Ophelia papillosa Franch. & Sav.; Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 450 (1878)
= Ophelia tetrapetala (Pall.) Grossh.; Fl. URSS 18: 627 (1952)
= Ophelia tetrapetala var. micrantha (Takeda) Toyok.; J. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Ser. 5, Bot. 7(4): 162 (1963)
= Ophelia tetrapetala var. yezo-alpina (H.Hara) Toyok.; J. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Ser. 5, Bot. 7(4): 162 (1963)
= Ophelia yesoensis Franch. & Sav.; Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 451 (1878)
= Rellesta cyanea (Turcz.) Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 22(2): 337 (1849)
= Stellera cyanea Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 168 (1840)
= Swertia bissetii S.Moore & Burkill; J. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 2: 329 (1906)
= Swertia chrysantha Honda & Tatew.; Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. 14: 192, 268 (1936)
= Swertia chrysantha var. yezo-alpina (H.Hara) Satake; J. Jap. Bot. 21: 22 (1947)
= Swertia micrantha f. leucantha Hid.Takah.; Bull. Kanagawa Prefect. Mus. Nat. Sci. 1(5): 4 (1972)
= Swertia micrantha Takeda; Bot. & Zool. 4: 181 (1936)
= Swertia pallasii G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 176 (1837)
= Swertia tetrapetala f. albiflora Tatew.; J. Fac. Agric. Hokkaido Imp. Univ. 29: 234 (1933)
= Swertia tetrapetala f. impunctata H.Sato & Hideki Takah.; J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. 61: 104 (2014)
= Swertia tetrapetala f. leucantha (Hid.Takah.) T.Shimizu; New Alp. Fl. Japan Color 1: 311 (1982)
= Swertia tetrapetala f. papillosa (Franch. & Sav.) H.Hara; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 51: 19 (1937)
= Swertia tetrapetala f. variegata Tatew.; J. Fac. Agric. Hokkaido Imp. Univ. 29: 234 (1933)
= Swertia tetrapetala subsp. micrantha (Takeda) Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 17: 12 (1957)
= Swertia tetrapetala var. happoensis Hid.Takah. ex T.Shimizu; Fl. Nagano Pref. 1509 (1997)
= Swertia tetrapetala var. yezo-alpina (H.Hara) H.Hara ex Toyok. & T.Yamaz.; Fl. Japan 3a: 143 (1993)
= Swertia yesoensis (Franch. & Sav.) Matsum.; Nippon Shokubutsumeii, ed. 2, 287 (1895)
= Swertia yezo-alpina H.Hara; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 51: 19 (1937)
variant :
var. wilfordii
(A.Kern.) T.N.Ho; Pl. Diversity Resources 35(3): 390 (2013)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Primorye); NE-China
31 RFE 36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophelia wilfordii A.Kern.; Ber. Naturw. Ver. Innsbruck 1: 102 (1870)
= Swertia anomala Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 28: 331 (1914)
= Swertia wilfordii (A.Kern.) Zuev; Konspekt Fl. Aziatsk. Rossii 366 (2012), isonym
= Swertia wilfordii (A.Kern.) Kom.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 25: 274 (1905)
= Swertia wilfordii f. albiflora Y.N.Lee; Bull. Korea Pl. Res. 5: 20 (2005)
species :
Swertia tetraptera
Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Petetsb. 27: 503 (1881)
Distribution: China (Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan); Tibet
36 CHI TIB
Synonyms: hidden
= Anagallidium dimorphum (Batalin) Ma ex T.N.Ho & W.L.Shih; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 14(2): 65 (1976)
= Sinoswertia tetraptera (Maxim.) T.N.Ho, S.W.Liu & J.Q.Liu; Pl. Diversity Resources 35(3): 398 (2013)
= Swertia dimorpha Batalin; Act. Hort. Petrop. 13: 379 (1894)
= Swertia pusilla Diels; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11: 215 (1931)
species :
Swertia thomsonii
C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 4: 129 (1883)
Distribution: Pakistan (Deosai, Astor, Baltistan); N-India (Jammu & Kashmir, Ladakh, Sikkim)
40 IND PAK
species :
Swertia tibetica
Batalin; Act. Hort. Petrop. 14: 174 (1895)
Distribution: China (W-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Swertia tozanensis
Hayata; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30: Art. 1, 204 (1911)
Distribution: Taiwan (Jiayi Shan)
38 TAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia bimaculata subsp. tozanensis (Hayata) S.S.Ying; New Taxa New Names 4: 305 (2022)
= Swertia matsudae Hayata ex Satake; J. Jap. Bot. 17: 722 (1941)
species :
Swertia trichotoma
(Wight & Arn.) Wight ex C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 4(10): 126 (1883)
Distribution: S-India (Kerala, Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophelia trichotoma Wight & Arn.; Wight, Ill. Ind. Bot. 2: 175, t. 157 bis (1850), analysis, but no illustration.
= Ophelia trilobata Pritz.; Icon. Bot. Index 762 (1855)
= Ophelia umbellata C.B.Clarke; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14: 446 (1875)
= Ophelia umbellata Wight; Ill. Ind. Bot. 2: 175, t. 157b, fig. 3a (1847-50)
= Swertia umbellata (Wight) J.Shah; Pakistan J. Forest. 38(2): 82 (1988), nom. illeg.
species :
Swertia uniflora
Mildbr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 8: 233 (1922)
Distribution: Uganda; Kenya (Mt. Elgon)
25 KEN UGA
species :
Swertia usambarensis
Engl.; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1894: 59 (1894), et Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C 314 (1895)
Distribution: E-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique
23 RWA ZAI 24 ETH 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 MLW MOZ ZIM
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia ellenbeckiana Gilg ex Engl.; Sitzungsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1906: 737 (1906), nomen
= Swertia polyantha Gilg; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 26: 109 (1899)
= Swertia tischeri Chiov.; Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. s. 36: 366 (1929)
= Swertia whytei N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(1): 579 (1904)
variant :
var. curtioides
(Gilg) Sileshi; Kew Bull. 53(2): 428 (1998)
Distribution: Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Mozambique
25 TAN 26 MLW MOZ ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia curtioides Gilg; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 30: 379 (1901)
species :
Swertia veratroides
Maxim. ex Kom.; Act. Hort. Petrop. 25: 276 (1905)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Primorye); China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning); North Korea
31 RFE 36 CHI 38 NKO
species :
Swertia verticillifolia
T.N.Ho & S.W.Liu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18(1): 81 (1980)
Distribution: SE-Tibet
36 TIB
species :
Swertia virescens
Harry Sm.; Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Bot. 4: 244 (1970)
Distribution: Tibet (Zayü Shan); Bhutan
36 TIB 40 BHU
species :
Swertia volkensii
Gilg; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 26: 108 (1899)
Distribution: Kenya; Tanzania
25 KEN TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia keniensis T.C.E.Fr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 8: 530 (1923)
variant :
var. baleensis
Sileshi; Kew Bull. 53(2): 434 (1998)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
species :
Swertia wardii
C.Marquand; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 48: 208 (1929)
Distribution: Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Sikkim, Chumbi)
36 TIB 40 BHU IND NEP
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia phragmitiphylla T.N.Ho & S.W.Liu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18(1): 78 (1980)
= Swertia bifolia var. wardii (Marquand) T.N.Ho; Fl. Xizang. 3: 985 (1986)
variant :
var. rigida
(T.N.Ho & S.W.Liu) T.N.Ho; Novon 4(4): 372 (1994)
Distribution: Tibet
36 TIB
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia phragmitiphylla var. rigida T.N.Ho & S.W.Liu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18(1): 79 (1980)
species :
Swertia wattii
C.B.Clarke; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 25: 47 (1889)
Distribution: NE-India (Assam)
40 IND
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
species :
Swertia welwitschii
Engl.; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1891(2): 339 (1892)
Distribution: Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal); Lesotho; Eswatini [Swaziland]
25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 LES SAF SWZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Adenopogon stellaroides Welw.; Syn. Madeir. Drog. Med. 27 (1862), nomen
= Swertia sharpei N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(1): 581 (1903)
= Swertia stellarioides Ficalho ex Hiern; Cat. Afr. Pl. 1 3: 711 (1898)
species :
Swertia wolfgangiana
Grüning; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 309 (1913)
Distribution: China (S-Gansu, W-Hubei, Qinghai, Shanxi, Sichuan); E-Tibet
36 CHI TIB
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia obtusipetala Grüning; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 12: 469 (1922)
species :
Swertia woodii
J.Shah; Pakistan J. Forest. 38(2): 80 (1988)
Distribution: Saudi Arabia; Yemen
35 SAU YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Swertia engleri var. woodii (J.Shah) Sileshi; Kew Bull. 53: 427 (1998)
species :
Swertia younghusbandii
Burkill; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, n. s. 2: 325 (1906)
Distribution: S- & SE-Tibet; N-India (Sikkim, Chumbi)
36 TIB 40 IND
species :
Swertia yunnanensis
Burkill; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, n. s. 2: 320 (1906)
Distribution: China (W-Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Swertia zayuensis
T.N.Ho & S.W.Liu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18(1): 84 (1980), as ´zayuensis´
Distribution: Tibet (Zayü Shan)
36 TIB
species :
Swertia zeylanica
(Griseb.) Walker ex Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 4: 127 (1885)
Distribution: Sri Lanka
40 SRL
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophelia baxteri Griseb.; Gen. Sp. Gent. 318 (1838)
= Ophelia zeylanica Griseb.; Gen. Sp. Gent. 316 (1838)
