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272.0000 Family Rutaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 296 (1789), nom. cons.
148 genera, ca. 2200 spp. Systematics following Appelhans et al. (2021)
Species listed in database: 2221; hybrids: 21
= Amyridaceae Kunth; Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 2: 353 (1824)
= Aurantiaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 259 (1789)
= Boroniaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 229 (1858)
= Citraceae Roussel; Fl. Calvados, ed. 2: 271 (1806)
= Cneoraceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 267, 285 (1818), nom. cons.
= Dictamnaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 269, 287 (1818)
= Diosmaceae R.Br. ex Bartl.; Ord. Nat. Pl. 229, 386 (1830)
= Diplolaenaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 229 (1858)
= Flindersiaceae C.T.White ex Airy Shaw; Kew Bull. 18: 257 (1965)
= Fraxinellaceae Nees. & Mart.; Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 11: 147, 183 (1823)
= Jamboliferaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 324 (1820)
= Pilocarpaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 221 (1858)
= Ptaeroxylaceae J.-F.Leroy; J. Agric. Trop. Bot. Appl. 7: 456 (1960)
= Pteleaceae Kunth; Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 2: 354 (1824)
= Spatheliaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 280 (1858)
= Zanthoxylaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 682 (1820)
272.6104 Genus Skimmia Thunb.; Nov. Gen. Pl. [Thunberg] 57 (1783)
Distribution: Afghanistan, Himalaya to E-Asia and Indochina
Species listed in database: 6
= Anquetilia Decne.; Voy. Inde [Jacquemont] 4(Bot.): 161, t. 161 (1848)
= Laureola M.Roem.; Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 74 (1846)
species :
Skimmia anquetilia N.P.Taylor & Airy Shaw; Bot. Mag. 182(4): 170 (1979)
Distribution: Pakistan; W-Nepal; India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand)
40 IND NEP PAK
species :
Skimmia arborescens T.Anderson ex Gamble ex Lacaita; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 43: 491 (1916)
subspecies :
subsp. arborescens
Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, Sichuan); Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Sikkim, West Bengal); Myanmar (Kachin); Thailand; Laos
36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP 41 LAO MYA THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Skimmia euphlebia Merr.; Lingnan Sci. J. 13: 32 (1934)
= Skimmia japonica var. euphlebia (Merr.) N.P.Taylor; Bot. Mag. (Kew Mag.) 4(4): 184 (1987)
= Skimmia japonica var. kwangsiensis (C.C.Huang) N.P.Taylor; Bot. Mag. (Kew Mag.) 4(4): 183 (1987)
= Skimmia kwangsiensis C.C.Huang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 7(4): 354 (1958)
subspecies :
subsp. nitida N.P.Taylor & Airy Shaw; Bot. Mag. (Kew Mag.) 4(4): 185 (1987)
Distribution: Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, West Bengal); Thailand; Vietnam
40 BHU IND 41 THA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Skimmia arunachalensis Goel & Mehrotra; J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 86(2): 226 (1989)
= Skimmia laureola var. wattii K.Narayanan & M.P.Nayar; J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 85(3): 653 (1988 publ. 1989)
species :
Skimmia japonica Thunb.; Nov. Gen. Pl. [Thunberg] Pl. 58 (1783)
subspecies :
subsp. japonica
Name: Japanische Skimmie (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Taiwan; Vietnam [I]; Philippines (Luzon)
11 ger 38 JAP TAI 41 vie 42 PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Ilex skimmia Spreng.; (1824)
= Skimmia fragrans Carrière; Rev. Hort. (Paris) 41: 258 (1869)
= Skimmia fragrantissima T.Moore; Proc. Linn. Soc. London 1866: 7 (1867)
= Skimmia japonica f. macrophylla (Mast.) Rehder; Bibl. Cult. Trees 384 (1949)
= Skimmia japonica f. ovata (Carrière) H.Hara; Enum. Spermatophytarum Japon. 3: 31 (1954)
= Skimmia japonica f. rosea Hayashi; Bull. Gov. Forest Exp. Sta. 107: 28 (1958)
= Skimmia japonica f. variegata (Carrière) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 41: 508 (1927), nom. illeg.
= Skimmia japonica f. veitchii (Carrière) H.Hara; Enum. Spermatophytarum Japon. 3: 31 (1954)
= Skimmia japonica var. fragrans (Carrière) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 41: 507 (1927)
= Skimmia japonica var. macrophylla Mast.; Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 5: 553 (1889)
= Skimmia japonica var. obovata Yatabe; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 6: (157) (1892)
= Skimmia japonica var. ovata (Carrière) Rehder; Cycl. Amer. Hort. [L.H.Bailey], ed. 3: 1671 (1903)
= Skimmia japonica var. veitchii (Carrière) Rehder; Cycl. Amer. Hort. [L.H.Bailey], ed. 3: 1671 (1903)
= Skimmia oblata T.Moore; Gard. Chron. 1864: 962 (1864)
= Skimmia oblata var. ovata Carrière; Rev. Hort. (Paris) 52: 58 (1880)
= Skimmia oblata var. variegata (Carrière) Carrière; Rev. Hort. (Paris) 52: 57 (1880)
= Skimmia veitchii Carrière; Rev. Hort. (Paris) 41: 259 (1869)
= Skimmia veitchii var. variegata Carrière; Rev. Hort. (Paris) 40: 370 (1869)
variant :
var. intermedia Komatsu; Icon. Pl. Koisikav. 2: 55, t. 112 (1914)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Kuril Isl., Primorye, Sakhalin); Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)
31 RFE 38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Skimmia japonica f. leucocarpa (Nakai) Ohwi; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 33: 78 (1953)
= Skimmia japonica f. longifolia (Makino) H.Hara; Enum. Spermatophytarum Japon. 3: 32 (1954)
= Skimmia japonica f. repens (Nakai) H.Hara; Sci. Res. Ozegahara Moor 446 (1954)
= Skimmia japonica f. rugosa (Makino) Makino; Yagai Shokub. Zufu 4: 305 (1933), nom. illeg.
= Skimmia japonica var. repens (Nakai) Makino; Yagai Shokub. Zufu 4: 305 (1933)
= Skimmia repens Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 41: 505 (1927)
= Skimmia repens var. intermedia (Komatsu) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 44: 17 (1930)
= Skimmia repens var. leucocarpa Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 43: 449 (1929)
= Skimmia repens var. rugosa Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 8(3): 17 (1932)
variant :
var. lutchuensis (Nakai) T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 68(5): 303 (1993)
Distribution: Ryukyu Isl.
38 NNS
Synonyms: hidden
= Skimmia japonica subsp. lutchuensis (Nakai) Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 25(2-3): 43 (1972)
= Skimmia lutchuensis Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 41: 506 (1927)
form :
f. yatabei H.Ohba; Fl. Jap. [Iwatsuki et al., eds.] 2c: 42 (1999), nom. nov.
Distribution: Japan; Taiwan
38 JAP TAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Skimmia japonica f. rugosa (Yatabe) Ohwi; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 33: 78 (1953)
= Skimmia japonica var. rugosa Yatabe; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 6: 157 (1892)
= Skimmia rugosa (Yatabe) Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 25: 16 (1911)
subspecies :
subsp. distinctevenulosa (Hayata) T.C.Ho; Endemic Sp. Res. 9(2): 41 (2007)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Skimmia japonica var. distinctevenulosa (Hayata) C.E.Chang; Fl. Taiwan 3: 527 (1977)
= Skimmia distinctevenulosa Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 5: 10-11, f. 5a (1915)
variant :
var. orthoclada (Hayata) T.C.Ho; Endemic Sp. Res. 9(2): 42 (2007)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Skimmia orthoclada Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 5: 13-14, 5b (1915)
= Skimmia japonica var. orthoclada (Hayata) Masam.; Sci. Rep. Kanazawa Univ., Biol. 3: 145 (1955)
species :
Skimmia laureola (DC.) Siebold & Zucc. ex Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 5: 405 1842 (1847)
subspecies :
subsp. laureola
Distribution: S-Tibet; Pakistan (Dir, Swat, Hazara, Murree); Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Nagaland, Sikkim, West Bengal); Myanmar
36 TIB 40 BHU IND NEP PAK 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Anquetilia laureola (DC.) DC.; Voy. Inde [Jacquemont] 4(Bot.): 161, t. 161 (1848)
= Laureola fragrans M.Roem.; Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 74 (1846)
= Limonia laureola DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 536 (1824)
subspecies :
subsp. lancasteri N.P.Taylor; Bot. Mag. (Kew Mag.) 6(4): 162 (1989)
Distribution: China (S-Gansu, W-Hubei, S-Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan); SE-Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; India (West Bengal, Nagaland, Sikkim, Darjeeling); Myanmar (Kachin)
36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP 41 MYA
species :
Skimmia melanocarpa Rehder & E.H.Wilson; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 2: 138 (1914)
Distribution: China (Yunnan, Sichuan); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Nagaland, Sikk:im, West Bengal); Myanmar; Vietnam
36 CHI 40 BHU IND NEP 41 MYA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Skimmia kamengensis Goel & Mehrotra; J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 86(2): 228 (1989)
= Skimmia laureola subsp. multinervia (C.C.Huang) N.P.Taylor & Airy Shaw; Bot. Mag. (Kew Mag.) 4(4): 189 (1987)
= Skimmia multinervia C.C.Huang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 7: 348 (1958)
= Skimmia wallichii Hook.f. & Thomson ex Gamble; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 43: 492 (1916)
species :
Skimmia reevesiana (Fortune) Fortune; Journey China 329 (1852)
Distribution: China (S-Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, E-Yunnan, Zhejiang); Taiwan; Myanmar (widespread); Vietnam
36 CHI 38 TAI 41 MYA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Ilex reevesiana Fortune; Gard. Chron. 1851: 5 (1851)
= Skimmia arisanensis Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 5: 11-13, 5c (1915)
= Skimmia formosana C.E.Chang; Forest. J. (Ping Tung) 19: 12 (1977)
= Skimmia fortunei f. rubella (Carrière) Voss; Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3 [Siebert & Voss], 1: 172 (1894)
= Skimmia fortunei Mast.; Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 520, f. 9 (1889)
= Skimmia fortunei var. argentea Mast.; Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 5: 553 (1889)
= Skimmia fortunei var. rubella (Carrière) Rehder; Cycl. Amer. Hort. [L.H.Bailey] 4: 1671 (1902)
= Skimmia hainanensis C.C.Huang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 7: 352-353 (1958)
= Skimmia intermedia Carrière; Rev. Hort. (Paris) 42: 200 (1870)
= Skimmia japonica subsp. reevesiana (Fortune) N.P.Taylor & Airy Shaw; Bot. Mag. (Kew Mag.) 4: 182, t. 89 (1987)
= Skimmia japonica var. arisanensis (Hayata) T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 68(5): 305 (1993)
= Skimmia japonica var. reevesiana (Fortune) N.P.Taylor; Bot. Mag. (Kew Mag.) 4(4): 183 (1987)
= Skimmia obtusa var. variegata Van Geert; Nursery Cat. (Auguste Van Geert) 66: 9 (1870)
= Skimmia philippinensis Masam.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 84: 91 (1937)
= Skimmia reevesiana f. rubella (Carrière) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 3: 211 (1922)
= Skimmia reevesiana f. variegata (Anon.) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 3: 211 (1922)
= Skimmia rubella Carrière; Rev. Hort. (Paris) 46: 311 (1874)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
in total 1,416,144* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life