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Ver. 25.03
Mar. 6th, 2025

458.0000 Family Caprifoliaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 210 (1789), nom. cons.
32-37 genera, ca. 1100 spp. Phylogeny see Lee et al. 2021, Wang et al. 2025
Species listed in database: 1082; hybrids: 34
= Diervillaceae Pyck; Taxon 47: 658 (1998)
= Dipsacaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 194 (1789), nom. cons.
= Linnaeaceae Backlund; Taxon 47: 658 (1998)
= Loniceraceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 272, 296 (1818)
= Loniceropsida Brongn.; Enum. Pl. Mus. Paris: xvii, 47 (1843)
= Morinaceae Raf.; Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 6: 88 (1820)
= Scabiosaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 563 (1820)
= Triplostegiaceae A.E.Bobrov ex Airy Shaw; Kew Bull. 18: 269 (1965)
= Valerianaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 227 (1802) nom. cons.
458.6502 Genus Scabiosa L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 98 (1753)
Distribution: Temperate Eurasia, Mediterranean, montane areas of E- and South Africa, W- and E-Asia; ca. 35 Russia (European part, Siberia, Far East), Northern Caucasus, Middle Asia
Species listed in database: 55; hybrids: 3
= Anisodens Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées 465 (1867)
= Asterocephalus Zinn; Cat. Pl. Hort. Gott. 381 (1757)
= Astrocephalus Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 94 (1836)
= Callistemma Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 146 (1875)
= Chetaria Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 521 (1841)
= Chetastrum Neck.; Elem. Bot. [Necker] 1: 108 (1790)
= Columbaria J.Presl & C.Presl; Fl. Cech. 32 (1819)
= Cyrtostemma Spach; Hist. Nat. Vég. [Spach] 10: 321 (1841)
= Diototheca Raf.; Fl. Ludov. 74 (1817)
= Euptilia Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 95 (1836)
= Gonokeros Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 96 (1836)
= Pentena Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 96 (1836)
= Pteropogon Neck.; Elem. Bot. [Necker] 1: 109 (1790)
= Scabiosella Tiegh.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 9, 10: 163 (1909)
= Sclerostemma Schott ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 64 (1818)
= Spongostemma Rchb.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. [H.G.L.Reichenbach] 4: 24 (1826)
= Tereiphas Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 95 (1836)
= Thlasidia Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 96 (1836)
= Tremastelma Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 96 (1836)
= Trichopteris Neck.; Elem. Bot. [Necker] 1: 110 (1790)
species :
Scabiosa adzharica Shkhiyan; Notul. Syst. Geogr. Thbilissiensis 17: 117 (1953)
Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus] (Adzharia)
33 GEO
Remarks: columbaria agg.
species :
Scabiosa africana L.; Sp. Pl., ed. 2 [Linnaeus] 245 (1762)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Asterocephalus altissimus (Jacq.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 383 (1824)
= Asterocephalus induratus (L.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 380 (1824)
= Scabiosa altissima Jacq.; Hort. Bot. Vindob. 2: 87 (1773), nom. illeg.
= Scabiosa indurata L.; Mant. Pl. 2: 196 (1771)
= Scabiosa procera Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 55 (1796), nom. superfl.
species :
Scabiosa albanensis R.A.Dyer; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1934: 267 (1934)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
species :
Scabiosa amoena J.Jacq.; Eclog. 1: 86, t. 59 (1816)
Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Azerbaijan (Talysh); NW-Iran
33 AZE GEO 34 IRN
Remarks: columbaria agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Asterocephalus amoenus (J.Jacq.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 381 (1824)
= Scabiosa columbaria f. grisea Sommier & Levier; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 16: 217 (1900)
= Scabiosa columbaria var. grisea Sommier & Levier; (1900)
= Scabiosa grisea (Sommier & Levier) Grossh.; Trudy Tbilissk. Bot. Sada, Ser. 2, 1: 31 (1920)
species :
Scabiosa andryalifolia (Pau) Devesa; Lagascalia 12(2): 172 (1984) (´andryaefolia´)
Distribution: SE-Spain
12 SPA
Remarks: columbaria agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Scabiosa tomentosa f. giennensis Degen & Hervier; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 16: 43 (1907)
= Scabiosa tomentosa var. andryalifolia Pau; Carta Bot. 4: 5 (1907)
species :
Scabiosa angustiloba (Sond.) B.L.Burtt ex Hutch.; Botanist S. Afr. 250 (1946)
Distribution: South Africa (E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Scabiosa buekiana var. angustiloba Sond.
species :
Scabiosa austroafricana Heine; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München, Heft 9-10: 445 (1954)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Burundi; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; Eswatini [Swaziland]
23 BUR ZAI 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT LES NAM SAF SWZ
Remarks: often included in S. columbaria s. l. Correct name disputed.
Synonyms: hidden
= Scabiosa anthemifolia Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. [Ecklon & Zeyher] 371 (1837)
= Scabiosa acaulis Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 29 (1794)
= Scabiosa crassicaula E.Mey.; Zwei Pflanzengeogr. Docum. [Drège] 218 (1843), nom. inval.
= Scabiosa ochroleuca Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 29 (1794), nom. illeg.
species :
Scabiosa balcanica Velen. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2(1): (1888) 159; et Fl. Bulg. 243 (1891)
Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; W-Bulgaria
13 BUL KOS SRB
Synonyms: hidden
= Scabiosa columbaria subsp. balcanica (Velen.) Kokkini; Mountain Fl. Greece [Strid] 2: 366 (1991)
= Scabiosa ochroleuca var. balcanica Velen.; Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., Ser. 7, 1(8): 19 (1886)
species :
Scabiosa bipinnata K.Koch; Linnaea 17: 37 (1843)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey
33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 TUR
Remarks: ochroleuca agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Asterocephalus bipinnatus (K.Koch) Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 58 (1868)
= Scabiosa svanica Shkhiyan; Zametki Sist. Geogr. Rast. 16: 94 (1951)
species :
Scabiosa buekiana Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. [Ecklon & Zeyher] 371 (1837)
Distribution: South Africa (E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Scabiosa tomentosa E.Mey.; Zwei Pflanzengeogr. Docum. [Drège] 218 (1843)
species :
Scabiosa canescens Waldst. & Kit.; Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 1: 53 (1801)
Name: Graue Skabiose, Wohlriechende Skabiose (DE)
Distribution: Denmark; Sweden; Belgium; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, +Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Rheinland-Pfalz, +Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; France; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Romania; Turkey (NW-Anatolia: Bithynia)
10 DEN SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN POL SLO SWI 12 FRA 13 BIH CRO ROM 34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Asterocephalus canescens (Waldst. & Kit.) Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 8 (1816)
= Asterocephalus incanus (Roem. & Schult.) Paxton; Pocket Bot. Dict. 33 (1840)
= Asterocephalus suaveolens (Desf. ex DC.) Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 8 (1816)
= Asterocephalus suaveolens var. canescens Wallr.; Sched. Crit. 51 (1822)
= Asterocephalus suaveolens var. hirsutus Wallr.; Sched. Crit. 51 (1822)
= Asterocephalus suaveolens var. virens Wallr.; Sched. Crit. 51 (1822)
= Columbaria canescens (Waldst. & Kit.) J.Presl & C.Presl; Fl. Cech. 32 (1819)
= Columbaria suaveolens (Desf. ex DC.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n. s. 16: 401 (1868)
= Scabiosa asterocephala Thuill.; Fl. Env. Paris, éd. 2: 72 (1799)
= Scabiosa canescens f. virens (Wallr.) Hayek; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi, Begr.] 6: 307 (1915)
= Scabiosa columbaria subsp. suaveolens (Desf. ex DC.) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France 148 (1894)
= Scabiosa columbaria var. asterocephala (Thuill.) Mérat; Nouv. Fl. Env. Paris 54 (1812)
= Scabiosa incana Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 521 (1818)
= Scabiosa suaveolens (Lag.) Desf.; Tabl. École Bot., ed. 3 (Cat. Pl. Horti Paris.) 110 (1829)
= Scabiosa suaveolens Desf. ex DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 4: 229 (1805)
= Scabiosa suaveolens var. hirsuta (Wallr.) Klett & Richt.; Fl. Leipzig 134 (1830)
= Scabiosa suaveolens var. ochroleuca Asch.; 76 (1859), nom. inval.
= Scabiosa suaveolens var. subbipinnatifida Döll; 968 (1862)
= Scabiosa suaveolens var. subpinnatifida Döll; Rhein. Fl. 380 (1843)
= Scabiosa suaveolens var. virens (Wallr.) Klett & Richt.; Fl. Leipzig 134 (1830)
= Scabiosa virga-pastoris Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 9 (1768)
species :
Scabiosa cinerea Lapeyr. ex Lam.; Tabl. Encycl. 1: 251 (1792)
Distribution: NE-Spain; SW-France; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; ?Montenegro; Albania; NW-Greece (Mt. Triklario)
12 FRA SPA 13 ALB BIH CRO GRC
Remarks: columbaria agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Asterocephalus agrestis (Waldst. & Kit.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 383 (1824)
= Asterocephalus capillatus (Roem. & Schult.) Paxton; Pocket Bot. Dict. 33 (1840)
= Asterocephalus mollis Bosse; Vollst. Handb. Bl.-gärtn., ed. 2, 1: 226 (1840), nom. superfl.
= Scabiosa agrestis Waldst. & Kit.; Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 3: 226 (1806), nom. illeg.
= Scabiosa breviseta Jord.; Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Lyon, Sect. Sci., Sér. 2, 1: 101 (1852)
= Scabiosa capillata Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 64 (1818)
= Scabiosa columbaria subsp. cinerea (Lapeyr. ex Lam.) Font Quer; Arxius Secc. Ci. Inst. Estud. Catalans 18: 13 (1950)
= Scabiosa communis var. jordanii (Timb.-Lagr.) Rouy & E.G.Camus; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 125, 129 (1903)
= Scabiosa communis var. velutina Jord. ex Rouy & E.G.Camus; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 129 (1903)
= Scabiosa dalmatica Huter & A.Kern. ex Freyn & Brandis; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 38: 611 (1888)
= Scabiosa dissecta Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées 465 (1867)
= Scabiosa gracilis Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 61 (1818)
= Scabiosa gramuntia subsp. agrestis (Waldst. & Kit.) Schinz & R.Keller; Fl. Schweiz [Schinz], ed. 3(1): 563 (1909)
= Scabiosa incana Freyn; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 38: 611 (1888), nom. illeg.
= Scabiosa incanescens Freyn ex Conrath; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 37: 382 (1887)
= Scabiosa jordanii Timb.-Lagr.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 11: lxxxviii (1868)
= Scabiosa leucophylla Borbás; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 38: 345 (1888)
= Scabiosa leucophylla subsp. dalmatica Freyn; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 38: 611 (1888)
= Scabiosa leucophylla subsp. incana Freyn; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 38: 611 (1888)
= Scabiosa leucophylla subsp. virescens Freyn; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 38: 611 (1888)
= Scabiosa loretiana Timb.-Lagr. ex Jeanb.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 11: p. 82 (1864)
= Scabiosa pauciseta DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 658 (1830)
= Scabiosa pyrenaica var. cinerea (Lapeyr. ex Lam.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 659 (1830)
= Scabiosa tenuifolia Savi; Bot. Etrusc. 1: 132 (1808), nom. illeg.
= Scabiosa tenuisecta Jord.; Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Lyon, Sect. Sci., Sér. 2, 1: 96 (1852)
= Scabiosa triandra subsp. agrestis (Waldst. & Kit.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 23(3-4): 381 (1977 publ. 1978)
= Scabiosa velutina f. verbascifolia Timb.-Lagr.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 11: LXXXVII (1864)
= Scabiosa velutina Jord.; Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Lyon, Sect. Sci. Ser. 2, 1: 298 (1851)
= Scabiosa verbascifolia Timb.-Lagr.; Bull. Soc. Sci. Phys. Nat. Toulouse 2: 459 (1874)
= Scabiosa virescens Freyn; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 38: 610 (1888), nom. illeg.
= Sclerostemma agreste (Waldst. & Kit.) Schott; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 67 (1826)
= Succisa bipinnata Moench; Methodus [Moench] 489 (1794)
species :
Scabiosa colchica Steven; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 29(2): 371 (1856)
Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]
33 GEO
Remarks: columbaria agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Scabiosa letschchumensis Kem.-Nath.; Vestn. Tiflissk. Bot. Sada, n. s. 5: 13 (1928-1930 publ. 1931)
species :
Scabiosa columbaria L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 99 (1753)
subspecies :
subsp. columbaria
Name: Tauben-Skabiose (DE), Small Scabious, Dove pincushions (EN)
Distribution: England (England, Wales, Scotland); Ireland [I] (E-Ireland [I]); Denmark; Sweden; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; France; Corsica; Italy; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Greece (NW-& NE-Greece, Kerkyra, Ionian Isl., Peloponnisos, rare C-Greece); Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Ethiopia; Turkmenistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, WN-Anatolia); Iran (NE-Iran: Mts.); Saudi Arabia (Asir); Yemen (N-Inner Yemen, W-Yemen); USA [I] (Massachusetts [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], Ohio [I])
10 DEN GRB ire SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SWI 12 ADO COR FRA POR SPA 13 ALB BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SMA SRB 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT RUS UKR 20 ALG MOR 24 ETH 32 TKM 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR 35 SAU YEM 75 usa
Remarks: columbaria agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Asterocephalus amoenus Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 381 (1824)
= Asterocephalus columbaria (L.) Wallr.; Sched. Crit. 48 (1822)
= Asterocephalus columbaria var. campestris Wallr.; Sched. Crit. 49 (1822)
= Asterocephalus columbaria var. degenerans Wallr.; Sched. Crit. 49 (1822)
= Asterocephalus columbaria var. interruptus Wallr.; Sched. Crit. 49 (1822)
= Asterocephalus columbaria var. laciniatus Wallr.; Sched. Crit. 49 (1822)
= Asterocephalus columbaria var. pratensis Wallr.; Sched. Crit. 49 (1822)
= Asterocephalus columbaria var. prolifera Wallr.; Sched. Crit. 49 (1822)
= Asterocephalus commutatus (Roem. & Schult.) Paxton; Pocket Bot. Dict. 33 (1840)
= Asterocephalus mollissimus Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 383 (1824)
= Asterocephalus pumilus (Burm.f.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 382 (1824)
= Asterocephalus pyrenaicus Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 205 (1826)
= Columbaria minor Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 476 (1821 publ. 1822)
= Columbaria patens (Jord.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n. s. 16: 401 (1868)
= Columbaria rubella Opiz ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 398 (1840)
= Columbaria vulgaris J.Presl & C.Presl; Fl. Cech. 32 (1819)
= Scabiosa balbinii Sennen & Elías; Bol. Soc. Iber. Ci. Nat. 27: 183 (1928 publ. 1929)
= Scabiosa bellidis-folia Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 169 (1782), opus utique oppr.
= Scabiosa brigantiaca Jord.; Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Lyon, Sect. Sci., Sér. 2, 1: 97 (1852)
= Scabiosa caerulea Gueldenst.; Reis. Russland [Gueldenstaedt] 2: 10 (1791)
= Scabiosa caesaraugustana Echeand.; Fl. Caesaraug. 25 (1861)
= Scabiosa columbaria f. longipapposa Steven; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 29(2): 370 (1856)
= Scabiosa columbaria f. nana T.Wulff; Bot. Not. 1896: 59 (1896)
= Scabiosa columbaria f. pachyphylla (Gaudin) Bolzon; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 20: 322 (1913)
= Scabiosa columbaria f. pilosa Gamisans; Candollea 26: 352 (1971)
= Scabiosa columbaria f. pubescens Werner Christ.; Flora von Kiel [J. A. Christiansen et al.] 219 (1922)
= Scabiosa columbaria f. verticillata Hayek; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi, Begr.] 6: 310 (1915)
= Scabiosa columbaria subsp. spreta (Jord.) Braun-Blanq.; Cat. Fl. Aigoual 297 (1933)
= Scabiosa columbaria subsp. tineensis M.Laínz; Mis contrib. conocim. fl. Asturias 64 (1982)
= Scabiosa columbaria subsp. vogesiaca (Jord.) Berher; Fl. Vosges [Louis], éd. 2: 108 (1887)
= Scabiosa columbaria var. albiflora Klett & Richt.; Fl. Leipzig 133 (1830)
= Scabiosa columbaria var. brigantiaca (Jord.) St.-Lag.; Étude Fl., éd. 8 [A.Cariot], 2: 409 (1889)
= Scabiosa columbaria var. cantabrica Sennen; Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.) 1934: no. 9161 (1935)
= Scabiosa columbaria var. dissecta Wender.; 32 (1846)
= Scabiosa columbaria var. holsatica (E.H.L.Krause) Hayek; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi, Begr.] 6: 310 (1915)
= Scabiosa columbaria var. involucrata Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 392 (1828)
= Scabiosa columbaria var. longibracteolata Chiov.; Ann. Bot. (Rome) 9: ? (1911)
= Scabiosa columbaria var. major C.C.Gmel.; 323 (1805)
= Scabiosa columbaria var. minor C.C.Gmel.; 323 (1805)
= Scabiosa columbaria var. pachyphylla Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 392 (1828)
= Scabiosa columbaria var. patens (Jord.) St.-Lag.; Étude Fl., éd. 8 [A.Cariot], 2: 409 (1889)
= Scabiosa columbaria var. prolifera C.C.Gmel.; 112 (1826)
= Scabiosa columbaria var. prolifera Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 392, 394 (1828)
= Scabiosa columbaria var. rubella (Opiz) Klett & Richt.; Fl. Leipzig 133 (1830)
= Scabiosa columbaria var. stricta Issler; 55 (1909)
= Scabiosa columbaria var. tenuisecta Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 392 (1828)
= Scabiosa columbaria var. vera Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. 1: 110 (1827), nom. inval.
= Scabiosa columbaria var. vestita Gren. & Godr.; Fl. France [Grenier] 2: 78 (1850)
= Scabiosa communis Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 122 (1903), nom. superfl.
= Scabiosa communis subsp. columbaria (L.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 122 (1903), nom. superfl.
= Scabiosa commutata Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 65 (1818)
= Scabiosa crenata Lucé; Topogr. Nachr. Oesel 28 (1823), nom. illeg.
= Scabiosa koelzii Rech.f.; Anz. Österr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 92: 280 (1955)
= Scabiosa laciniata Licht. ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 8 7 (1818)
= Scabiosa levieri Porta; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 11: 289 (1879)
= Scabiosa longepedunculata Hornem.; Hort. Bot. Hafn. [Hornemann] 2: 985 (1815)
= Scabiosa longicincta Pau; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 5: 176 (1907)
= Scabiosa meskhetica Schchian; Zametki Sist. Geogr. Rast. 16: 92 (1951)
= Scabiosa nitida Bernh. ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 68 (1818)
= Scabiosa nudicaulis Lam.; Tabl. Encycl. 1: 252 (1792)
= Scabiosa orophila Timb.-Lagr. & Jeanb.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 11: lxxxi (1864)
= Scabiosa pallida E.Mey.; Zwei Pflanzengeogr. Docum. [Drège] 218 (1843), nom. inval.
= Scabiosa patens Jord.; Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Lyon, Sect. Sci., Sér. 2, 1: 94 (1852)
= Scabiosa peduncularis Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 127 (1903), in adnot.
= Scabiosa permixta Jord. ex Boreau; Fl. Centre France [Boreau], éd. 3 [Boreau] 2: 319 (1857)
= Scabiosa polymorpha Weigel; Observ. Bot. [Weigel] 23 (1772), nom. illeg.
= Scabiosa pumila Burm.f.; Fl. Ind. [N.L.Burman] Prodr. Pl. Cap. 4 (1768)
= Scabiosa purpurea Sulak.; Vestn. Tiflissk. Bot. Sada, n. s. 3-4: 72 (1926-1927 publ. 1927)
= Scabiosa rubella Opiz ex Mert. & W.D.J.Koch; Deutschl. Fl. [Mertens & W.D.J.Koch], ed. 3, 1: 751 (1823)
= Scabiosa spreta Jord.; Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Lyon, Sect. Sci., Sér. 2, 1: 92 (1852)
= Scabiosa subalpina Brügger; Jahresber. Naturf. Ges. Graubündens, N. F. 31(Beil.): 82 (1887-1888 publ. 1888)
= Scabiosa tenuipes Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 127 (1903)
= Scabiosa tenuifolia var. coerulea Roth; 60 (1788), nom. inval., et 168 (1789)
= Scabiosa thunbergii Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 76 (1816), in nota
= Scabiosa tolosana Timb.-Lagr. & Jeanb.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 11 81 (1864)
= Sclerostemma columbarium (L.) Schott; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 64 (1818)
= Succisa columbaria (L.) Moench; Methodus [Moench] 489 (1794)
subspecies :
subsp. banatica (Waldst. & Kit.) Soó; Feddes Repert. 85(7-8): 450 (1974)
Distribution: Serbia; Romania
13 ROM SRB
Synonyms: hidden
= Asterocephalus bannaticus (Waldst. & Kit.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 383 (1824)
= Knautia diversifolia (Spreng.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 652 (1830)
= Pentena banatica (Waldst. & Kit.) Raf.; Autik. Bot. 90 (1840)
= Scabiosa banatica var. albicans Nyár.; Enum. Pl. Vasc. Cheia Turzii 281 (1939)
= Scabiosa banatica var. ciliata Nyár.; Enum. Pl. Vasc. Cheia Turzii 281 (1939)
= Scabiosa banatica var. glabriuscula Nyár.; Enum. Pl. Vasc. Cheia Turzii 281 (1939)
= Scabiosa banatica Waldst. & Kit.; Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 1: 10 (1801)
= Scabiosa columbaria subsp. banatica (Waldst. & Kit.) Diklic; Fl. Srbije 5: 577 (1973)
= Scabiosa diversifolia Baumg.; Enum. Stirp. Transsilv. 1: 75 (1816)
= Succisa diversifolia (Baumg.) Spreng.; Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk. 1: 279 (1820)
= Trichera diversifolia (Baumg.) Schult.; Mant. 3 [Schultes & Schultes f.]: 28 (1827)
subspecies :
subsp. caespitosa Jamzad; Iran. J. Bot. 4(2): 186 (1989)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
subspecies :
subsp. pratensis (St.-Lag.) Braun-Blanq.; Cat. Fl. Aigoual 297 (1933)
Name: Wiesen-Skabiose (DE)
Distribution: Luxembourg; Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland); France
11 GER LUX 12 FRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Scabiosa columbaria subsp. pratensis (Jord.) J.Duvign. & Lambinon; Nouv. Fl. Belg., Grand-Duché Luxemb., Nord France, 4. éd. 988 (1992), isonym
= Scabiosa columbaria var. pratensis St.-Lag.; Étude Fl., éd. 8 [A.Cariot], 2: 409 (1889)
= Scabiosa pratensis Jord.; Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Lyon, Sect. Sci., Sér. 2, 1: 91 (1852), nom. illeg.
subspecies :
subsp. saetabensis J.E.Oltra & M.B.Crespo; Acta Bot. Malac. 47: 6 (2022)
Distribution: Spain
12 SPA
subspecies :
subsp. uniseta (Savi) Zangh.; Fl. Ital. [Zàngheri] 1: 655 (1976)
Distribution: Italy; San Marino
13 ITA SMA
Synonyms: hidden
= Asterocephalus columbaria var. unisetus (Savi) Wallr.; Sched. Crit. 49 (1822)
= Pentena uniseta (Savi) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 96 (1836)
= Scabiosa uniseta Savi; Fl. Pis. 1: 167 (1798)
species :
Scabiosa correvoniana Sommier & Levier; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 12: 152 (1892)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]
33 GEO NCS
Remarks: ochroleuca agg.
species :
Scabiosa corsica (Litard.) Gamisans; Cat. Pl. Vasc. Corse 148 (1985)
Distribution: Corsica
12 COR
Synonyms: hidden
= Scabiosa columbaria var. corsica Litard.; Bull. Soc. Sci. Hist. Nat. Corse 42: 235 (1922)
species :
Scabiosa crinita Kotschy & Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 133 (1875)
Distribution: Armenia; Turkey (E-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia); Iran (N-Iran)
33 ARM 34 IRN TUR
Remarks: columbaria agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Scabiosa scrophulariifolia Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 133 (1875)
species :
Scabiosa delminiana Abadzic; Hrvatska Misao 11(1): 41 (2007)
Distribution: Bosnia & Hercegovina
13 BIH
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
species :
Scabiosa drakensbergensis B.L.Burtt; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 30: 125 (1970)
Distribution: Zimbabwe; South Africa (Limpopo, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal)
26 ZIM 27 SAF
species :
Scabiosa fumarioides Vis. & Pancic; Mem. Reale Ist. Veneto Sci. 12: 466 (1866)
Distribution: Bosnia & Hercegovina; Serbia; Kosovo
13 BIH KOS SRB
Remarks: ochroleuca agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Scabiosa achaeta Vis. & Pancic; Mem. Reale Ist. Veneto Sci. 12: 465 (1863)
= Scabiosa fumariifolia Vis. & Pancic; Fl. Serbiae 390 (1874)
species :
Scabiosa hladnikiana Host; Fl. Austriac. [Host] 1: 195 (1827)
Distribution: NE-Italy (E-Alps); Slovenia; Croatia
13 CRO ITA SLV
Remarks: columbaria agg. Often included as subspecies into S. columbaria
Synonyms: hidden
= Asterocephalus lucidus var. hladnikiana (Host) Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 1: 195 (1831)
= Scabiosa cinerea subsp. hladnikiana (Host) Zangh.; Fl. Ital. [Zàngheri] 1: 655 (1976)
= Scabiosa columbaria subsp. hladnikiana (Host) Jasiewicz; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 50 (1975)
species :
Scabiosa holosericea Bertol.; Rar. Lig. [Ital.] Pl. 3: 49 (1810)
Distribution: Sardinia; Italy
12 SAR 13 ITA
Remarks: columbaria agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Asterocephalus columnae (Ten.) Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 1: 195 (1831)
= Asterocephalus columnae var. holosericea (Bertol.) Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 1: 195 (1831)
= Asterocephalus holosericeus (Bertol.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 381 (1824)
= Asterocephalus neglectus (Hornem.) Paxton; Pocket Bot. Dict. 33 (1840)
= Scabiosa cinerascens Jord.; Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Lyon, Sect. Sci., Sér. 2, 1: 89 (1852)
= Scabiosa columnae Ten.; Fl. Napol. 1: 29 (1811)
= Scabiosa garganica Porta & Rigo ex Wettst.; Biblioth. Bot. 5(26): 67 (1892)
= Scabiosa neglecta Hornem.; Hort. Bot. Hafn. [Hornemann] 1: 127 (1813)
= Scabiosa taygetea var. garganica (Porta & Rigo ex Wettst.) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30(2) [Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balcan. 2]: 515 (1930)
= Scabiosa vestita subsp. garganica (Wettst.) Zangh.; Fl. Ital. [Zàngheri] 1: 655 (1976)
species :
Scabiosa hyrcanica (Steven) Sulak.; Trudy Tiflissk. Bot. Sada 1926: 69 (1926-27)
Distribution: Azerbaijan (Talysh); Iran (N-Iran)
33 AZE 34 IRN
Remarks: columbaria agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Scabiosa amoena Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 132 (1875) (non Jacq. (1811-1816))
species :
Scabiosa imeretica (Sommier & Levier) Sulak.; Trudy Tiflissk. Bot. Sada, n. s. 3-4: 75 (1927)
Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]
33 GEO
Remarks: ochroleuca agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Scabiosa ochroleuca var. imeretica Sommier & Levier; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 17: 217 (1900)
= Scabiosa schaorica Kem.-Nath.; Vestn. Tiflissk. Bot. Sada, n. s. 5: 15 (1928-1930 publ. 1931)
species :
Scabiosa incisa Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 18 (1768)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
species :
Scabiosa intermedia (Post) Bornm.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 7: 18 (1917)
Distribution: Turkey (N-Anatolia, S-Anatolia); Lebanon (C-Lebanon)
34 LEB TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Scabiosa ochroleuca var. intermedia Post; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 24: 433 (1888)
= Scabiosa columbaria var. intermedia (Post) Matthews; Fl. Turkey 4: 606 (1972)
species :
Scabiosa ispartaca Yild.; Ot Sist. Bot. Derg. 26(1): 65 (2019)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Scabiosa japonica Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 3: 113 (1867)
Distribution: China [I]; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Dominican Republic [I]
36 chi 38 JAP 81 his
Remarks: belongs very likely into Lomelosia, but a combination is not yet available.
Synonyms: hidden
= Scabiosa comosa var. japonica (Miq.) Tatew.; Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. 16: 109 (1940)
= Scabiosa fischeri f. pubescens Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 23: 54 (1909)
= Scabiosa fischeri var. japonica (Miq.) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 22: 163 (1908)
= Scabiosa japonica f. albiflora (Honda) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 16: 162 (1940)
= Scabiosa japonica f. littoralis Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 19: 277 (1943)
= Scabiosa japonica var. acutiloba H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 16: 381 (1940)
= Scabiosa japonica var. alpina Takeda; Bot. & Zool. 3: 1392 (1935)
= Scabiosa japonica var. breviligula Suyama & K.Ueda; J. Jap. Bot. 80: 14 (2005)
= Scabiosa japonica var. littoralis (Nakai) Konta & S.Matsumoto; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo, B 32: 45 (2006)
= Scabiosa jezoensis Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 19: 269 (1943)
= Scabiosa tschiliensis var. japonica (Miq.) Hurus.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 62: 45 (1949)
= Trochocephalus japonicus (Miq.) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Preslia 46(2): 134 (1974)
species :
Scabiosa lacerifolia Hayata; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 20: 16 (1906)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Succisa lacerifolia (Hayata) Verlaque; Rev. Cytol. Biol. Veg. Botaniste 9(1): 13 (1986)
= Succisa lacerifolia f. leucantha Masam.; J. Soc. Trop. Agric. 4: 77 (1932)
= Trochocephalus lacerifolius (Hayata) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Preslia 46(2): 134 (1974)
species :
Scabiosa lachnophylla Kitag.; Rep. Exped. Manchoukuo, Sect. IV, 2 (Contr. Cogn. Fl. Manshuricae) 33, t. 10 (1935)
Distribution: Siberia (Chita); Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Manchuria, Primorye); North Korea
30 SIB 31 RFE 38 NKO
Synonyms: hidden
= Scabiosa comosa var. lachnophylla (Kitag.) Kitag.; Rep. Inst. Sci. Res. Manchoukuo 4: 113 (1940)
= Trochocephalus lachnophyllus (Kitag.) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Preslia 46(2): 134 (1974)
species :
Scabiosa lucida Vill.; Prosp. Hist. Pl. Dauphiné 18 (1779)
subspecies :
subsp. lucida
Name: Glänzende Skabiose (DE)
Distribution: Germany (Bayern); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Serbia; Kosovo; Albania; Romania; SW-Bulgaria; W-Ukraine
11 AUT CZE GER LIE POL SLO SWI 12 FRA 13 ALB BUL CRO ITA KOS ROM SLV SRB 14 UKR
Remarks: columbaria agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Asterocephalus columbaria subsp. lucidus (Vill.) Celak.; Prodr. Kvet. Ceské 2: 266 (1873)
= Asterocephalus hladnikianus (Host) Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 10: 171 (1859)
= Asterocephalus lucidus (Vill.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 380 (1824)
= Asterocephalus lucidus var. hladnikianus (Host) Rchb.; 195 (1832)
= Asterocephalus strictus Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 380 (1824)
= Columbaria glabrescens (Jord.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n. s. 16: 401 (1868)
= Columbaria guitardii Timb.-Lagr.; Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 10: 250 (1892)
= Columbaria norica (Vest) J.Presl & C.Presl; Fl. Cech. 32 (1819)
= Scabiosa alpestris Jord.; Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Lyon, Sect. Sci., Sér. 2, 1: 84 (1852), nom. illeg.
= Scabiosa calcarea Tocl; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. Prag, Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. 27: 9 (1902 publ. 1903)
= Scabiosa calcicola Blonski; Magyar Bot. Lapok 4: 38 (1905)
= Scabiosa columbaria f. norica (Vest) Bolzon; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 21: 203 (1914)
= Scabiosa columbaria subsp. lucida (Vill.) Celak.; Prodr. Fl. Böhmen 4: 815 (1881)
= Scabiosa columbaria subsp. subalpina Brügger; Naturgesch. Beitr. Umg. Chur [Fl. Curiensis] 65 (1874)
= Scabiosa columbaria var. alpestris (Jord.) Briq. & Cavill.; Fl. Alpes Marit. 5(2): 249 (1915)
= Scabiosa columbaria var. lucida (Vill.) Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 392 (1828)
= Scabiosa columbaria var. subalpina (Brügger) Braun-Blanq.; 94 (1918)
= Scabiosa communis var. alpestris (Jord.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 128 (1903)
= Scabiosa communis var. glabrescens (Jord.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 128 (1903)
= Scabiosa communis var. lucida (Vill.) Coult.; Mém. Dipsac. 38 (1823)
= Scabiosa glabrescens Jord.; Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Lyon, Sect. Sci., Sér. 2, 1: 82 (1852)
= Scabiosa gramuntia var. alpestris (Jord.) St.-Lag.; Étude Fl., éd. 8 [A.Cariot], 2: 408 (1889)
= Scabiosa guitardi Timb.-Lagr.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 11: lxxxviii (1864)
= Scabiosa holosericea DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 6: 489 (1815), nom. illeg.
= Scabiosa krasanii Hayek; Sched. Fl. Stiriac. Exsicc. 13-14: 677 (1908)
= Scabiosa lucida subsp. calcicola Blonski; Magyar Bot. Lapok 4: 38 (1905)
= Scabiosa lucida var. alpestris (Jord.) Gremli; Neue Beitr. Fl. Schweiz 4: 11 (1887)
= Scabiosa lucida var. holosericea Schur; 86 (1852), nom. inval.
= Scabiosa lucida var. mollis Gren.; Fl. France [Grenier] 2: 79 (1850)
= Scabiosa lucida var. sericea Gren.; Fl. France [Grenier] 2: 79 (1850)
= Scabiosa lucida var. subglabrata Schur; 86 (1852), nom. inval.
= Scabiosa norica Vest; Bot. Zeitung (Regensburg) 4: 40 (1805)
= Scabiosa pubescens Jord.; Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Lyon, Sect. Sci., Sér. 2, 1: 90 (1852), nom. illeg.
= Sclerostemma lucidum (Vill.) Schott; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 66 (1826)
subspecies :
subsp. barbata Nyár.; Enum. Pl. Vasc. Cheia Turzii 280 (1939)
Distribution: Romania; Ukraine
13 ROM 14 UKR
Synonyms: hidden
= Asterocephalus lucidus var. alpicola Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 300 (1866)
= Asterocephalus lucidus var. subalpinus Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 300 (1866)
= Scabiosa lucida f. alpicola (Schur) Prodan; Fl. Republ. Socialist. România 8: 685 (1961)
= Scabiosa lucida f. elata Nyár.; Enum. Pl. Vasc. Cheia Turzii 280 (1939)
= Scabiosa lucida f. hirticaulis Nyár.; Enum. Pl. Vasc. Cheia Turzii 280 (1939)
= Scabiosa lucida f. perramosa Nyár.; Enum. Pl. Vasc. Cheia Turzii 280 (1939)
= Scabiosa lucida f. scaposa Nyár.; Enum. Pl. Vasc. Cheia Turzii 280 (1939)
= Scabiosa lucida f. subalpina (Schur) Prodan; Fl. Republ. Socialist. România 8: 685 (1961)
= Scabiosa opaca Klokov; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Nizsh. Rast. 1974: 112 (1974)
= Scabiosa pseudobanatica subsp. barbata (Nyár.) Chrtek
subspecies :
subsp. pseudobanatica (Schur) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 18(2): 205 (1983)
Distribution: Poland; Slovakia; Romania; ?Ukraine
11 POL SLO 13 ROM
Synonyms: hidden
= Asterocephalus pseudobanaticus Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 300 (1866)
= Scabiosa columbaria subsp. pseudobanatica (Schur) Jáv. & Csapody; Icon. Fl. Hung. 496 (1933)
= Scabiosa pseudobanatica Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 300 (1866)
subspecies :
subsp. stricta (Waldst. & Kit.) Jasiewicz; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 50 (1975)
Distribution: Austria (E-Alps); Slovenia; Croatia
11 AUT 13 CRO SLV
Synonyms: hidden
= Scabiosa stricta Waldst. & Kit.; Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 2: 147 (1804)
species :
Scabiosa mollissima Viv.; Ann. Bot. (Genoa) 1(2): 161 (1804)
Distribution: France; Italy
12 FRA 13 ITA
Synonyms: hidden
= Scabiosa candicans Jord.; Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Lyon, Sect. Sci. Ser. 2, 1: 310 (1851)
= Scabiosa columbaria var. candicans (Jord.) E.P.Bicknell; Fl. Bordighera 136 (1896)
= Scabiosa pyrenaica subsp. candicans (Jord.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 329 (1882)
species :
Scabiosa nitens Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 82 (1818)
Distribution: Azores (Santa Maria Isl., Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Sao Jorge, Pico, Faial, Flores Isl., Corvo Isl.)
21 AZO
Remarks: columbaria agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Asterocephalus massonii Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 205 (1826), nom. superfl.
= Asterocephalus nitens (Roem. & Schult.) Paxton; Pocket Bot. Dict. 33 (1840)
species :
Scabiosa ochroleuca L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 101 (1753)
Name: Gelbe Skabiose (DE), Cream pincushions (EN)
Distribution: Germany (Brandenburg, Baden-Württemberg [I], Bayern [I], +Hessen, Hessen [I], Mecklenburg-Vorpommern [I], Niedersachsen [I], Rheinland-Pfalz [I], Schleswig-Holstein [I], Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; France [I]; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread mainland, Thasos, Athos); Estonia [I]; +Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Ukraine; Algeria; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita [I], Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); NW-Iran; China (Xinjiang); Mongolia; USA [I] (Massachusetts [I])
11 AUT CZE GER HUN POL SLO 12 fra 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SRB TUE 14 BLR est LAT LIT RUS UKR 20 ALG 30 SIB 32 KAZ KGZ 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR 36 CHI 37 MON 75 usa
Remarks: ochroleuca agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Asterocephalus bipinnatus Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 58 (1868)
= Asterocephalus flavescens (Griseb. & Schenk) Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 10: 61 (1859)
= Asterocephalus luteus (G.Don) Paxton; Pocket Bot. Dict. 33 (1840), nom. inval.
= Asterocephalus montanus Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 299 (1866)
= Asterocephalus ochroleucus (L.) Wallr.; Sched. Crit. 50 (1822)
= Asterocephalus scopolii Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 1: 195 (1831)
= Asterocephalus webbianus (D.Don) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 381 (1824)
= Columbaria ochroleuca (L.) J.Presl & C.Presl; Fl. Cech. 32 (1819)
= Pentena ochroleuca (L.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 96 (1836)
= Scabiosa columbaria subsp. ochroleuca (L.) Celak.; Prodr. Fl. Böhmen 269 (1871)
= Scabiosa columbaria var. ochroleuca (L.) Coult.; 38 (1823)
= Scabiosa columbaria var. ochroleuca (L.) Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. 1: 110 (1827)
= Scabiosa djurdjurae Chabert; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 36: 26 (1889)
= Scabiosa djurdjurae var. fulva Chabert; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 36: 26 (1889)
= Scabiosa flavescens Griseb. & Schenk; Arch. Naturgesch. (Berlin) 18(1): 350 (1852)
= Scabiosa georgica Sulak.; Trudy Tiflissk. Bot. Sada, n. s. 3-4: 64 (1927)
= Scabiosa heterophyllos S.G.Gmel.; Reise Russland [S.G.Gmelin] 1: 150 (1774)
= Scabiosa holophylla Bordz.; Ukrayins´k. Bot. Zhurn. 3: 51 (1926)
= Scabiosa lutea G.Don; Hort. Brit. [Loudon] 44 (1830), nom. inval.
= Scabiosa lutescens Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 169 (1782), opus utique oppr.
= Scabiosa ochroleuca f. baumgarteniana Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 18(1-2): 174 (1973)
= Scabiosa ochroleuca subsp. danubialis Velen.; Fl. Bulg. [Velenovsky] 243 (1891)
= Scabiosa ochroleuca subsp. rhodopea Velen.; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. Prag, Math.-Naturwiss. Cl., 29. 16 (1894)
= Scabiosa rhodopea (Velen.) Velen.; Reliq. Mrkvickanae [Velenovsky] 15 (1922)
= Scabiosa scopolii Hornem.; Hort. Bot. Hafn., Suppl. 16 (1819)
= Scabiosa tenuifolia Roth; Tent. Fl. Germ. 1: 59 (1788), nom. illeg.
= Scabiosa tenuifolia var. ochroleuca Roth; 59 (1788), nom. inval.
species :
Scabiosa owerinii Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 133 (1875)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Azerbaijan
33 AZE GEO NCS
Remarks: columbaria agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Scabiosa alexeenkoana Sulak.; Trudy Tiflissk. Bot. Sada, n. s. 3-4: 66 (1927)
= Scabiosa lagodechiana Sosn.; Vestn. Tiflissk. Bot. Sada 32: 17 (1914)
species :
Scabiosa paphlagonica Bornm.; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 89: 311 (1944)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Scabiosa columbaria subsp. paphlagonica (Bornm.) V.A.Matthews; Fl. Turkey 4: 607 (1972)
species :
Scabiosa parviflora Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 1: 119 (1798)
Distribution: Sicily; +Algeria
13 SIC 20 ALG
Synonyms: hidden
= Asterocephalus dichotomus (Bernard) Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 8 (1816)
= Asterocephalus dichotomus var. parviflorus (Desf.) Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 8 (1816)
= Asterocephalus pectinatus Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 8 (1816)
= Scabiosa dichotoma Bernardino; Nuov. Racc. Opusc. Aut. Sicil. 6: (Pl. L. Op. Addend. & Secund. L. Syst.) 249 (1793)
= Scabiosa dichotoma Ucria; Nuov. Racc. Opusc. Aut. Sicil. 6: 249 (1793), nom. illeg.
= Succisa dichotoma (Bernard) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 94 (1838)
= Trochocephalus pectinatus (Lag.) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Preslia 46: 134 (1974)
species :
Scabiosa praemontana Privalova; Fl. Kryma [Wulff] 3(3): 141 (1969)
Distribution: Crimea
14 KRY
species :
Scabiosa pyrenaica All.; Fl. Pedem. 1: 140 (1785)
Distribution: France; Italy
12 FRA 13 ITA
Synonyms: hidden
= Asterocephalus pyrenaicus (All.) Colla; Herb. Pedem. 3: 207 (1834)
= Scabiosa ambigua Avé-Lall.; Pl. Ital. Bor. 8 (1829), nom. illeg.
= Scabiosa columbaria subsp. pyrenaica (All.) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 904 (1939)
= Scabiosa columbaria subsp. vestita (Jord.) H.P.Fuchs; Feddes Repert. 90(9-10): 588 (1979 publ. 1980)
= Scabiosa laxiflora Willd. ex Link; Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 128 (1821)
= Scabiosa mollissima DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 6: 490 (1815), nom. illeg.
= Scabiosa tomentosa J.F.Gmel.; Syst. Nat., ed. 13[bis] 229 (1791)
= Scabiosa vestita Jord.; Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Lyon, Sect. Sci. Ser. 2, 1: 297 (1851)
= Sclerostemma pyrenaicum (All.) Schott; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 73 (1818)
species :
Scabiosa silenifolia Waldst. & Kit.; Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 2: 170 1803 (1804)
Distribution: C-Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Albania
13 ALB BIH CRO ITA SLV
species :
Scabiosa sirnakia Yild.; Ot Sist. Bot. Derg. 26(1): 70 (2019)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Scabiosa sivrihisarica Yild.; Ot Sist. Bot. Derg. 26(1): 73 (2019)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Scabiosa solymica (Parolly, Eren & Nordt) Göktürk; Türk. Bitkileri List. 321 (2012)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Lomelosia solymica Parolly, Eren & Nordt; Willdenowia 35(1): 108 (2005)
species :
Scabiosa sosnowskyi Sulak.; Trudy Tiflissk. Bot. Sada 3-4: 74 (1927)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Turkey (NE-Anatolia, N-Anatolia)
33 GEO NCS 34 TUR
Remarks: ochroleuca agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Scabiosa bipinnata var. calcarea (Albov) Zernov; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 36: 227 (2004)
= Scabiosa calcarea (Albov) Sulak.; Trudy Tiflissk. Bot. Sada, n. s. 3-4: 76 (1927)
= Scabiosa ochroleuca var. calcarea Albov; Trudy Tiflissk. Bot. Sada 1: 127 (1895)
= Scabiosa sosnowskyi var. calcarea (Albov) Shkhag.; Rastitelnyi Pokrov Kabardino-Balkarii 192 (2015)
species :
Scabiosa taygetea Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1(6): 73 (1846)
subspecies :
subsp. taygetea
Distribution: Greece (mountains of C-Greece and Peloponnisos)
13 GRC
Remarks: columbaria agg.
subspecies :
subsp. portae (A.Kern. ex Huter) Kokkini; Mountain Fl. Greece [Strid] 2: 365 (1991)
Distribution: Italy; Serbia; Kosovo; Albania; Bulgaria; NW-Greece (mountains)
13 ALB BUL GRC ITA KOS SRB
Synonyms: hidden
= Scabiosa columbaria subsp. portae (A.Kern. ex Huter) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30(2) [Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balcan. 2]: 517 (1930)
= Scabiosa portae A.Kern. ex Huter; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 55: 401 (1905)
species :
Scabiosa tenuis Spruner ex Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1(2): 114 (1843)
Distribution: Albania; Greece (widespread N- & C-Greece, Kerkyra, Lefkada); Egypt (?Great Southwestern Desert)
13 ALB GRC 20 EGY
species :
Scabiosa transvaalensis S.Moore; J. Bot. 56: 6 (1918)
Distribution: South Africa (Mpulamanga)
27 SAF
species :
Scabiosa triandra L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 99 (1753)
Name: Südliche Skabiose (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Switzerland; Austria; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; France; ?Corsica; Italy; San Marino [I]; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Albania
11 AUT ger HUN SLO SWI 12 FRA POR SPA 13 ALB BIH CRO ITA SLV sma
Synonyms: hidden
= Asterocephalus gramuntius (L.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 383 (1824)
= Asterocephalus paucisetus Loudon; Hort. Brit. [Loudon], Suppl. 2: 581 (1839)
= Columbaria gramuntea (L.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n. s. 16: 401 (1868)
= Columbaria gramuntia (L.) Timb.-Lagr.; Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 10: 250 (1892)
= Columbaria tenuisecta Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n. s. 16: 401 (1868)
= Scabiosa affinis Gren. & Godr.; Fl. France [Grenier] 2: 78 (1850)
= Scabiosa celtiberica Pau; Not. Bot. Fl. Españ. 3: 30 (1889), nomen
= Scabiosa ceratophylla Ten.; Fl. Napol. 1(Prodr.): XII (1811)
= Scabiosa columbaria subsp. affinis (Gren. & Godr.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 344 (1879)
= Scabiosa columbaria subsp. gramuntia (L.) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France 148 (1894)
= Scabiosa columbaria subsp. gramuntia (L.) Hayek; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi, Begr.] 6: 309 (1915), isonym
= Scabiosa columbaria subsp. triandra (L.) Mateo & Figuerola; Fl. Analit. Valencia 369 (1987)
= Scabiosa communis subsp. gramuntia (L.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 122 (1903)
= Scabiosa gramontia L.; Sp. Pl., ed. 2 [Linnaeus] 243 (1762), orth. var.
= Scabiosa gramuntia L.; Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 889 (1759)
= Scabiosa gramuntia subsp. tomentosa (Gren. & Godr.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 329 (1882)
= Scabiosa gramuntia var. agrestis St.-Lag.; Étude Fl., éd. 8 [A.Cariot], 2: 408 (1889)
= Scabiosa gramuntia var. mollis Gren. & Godr.; Fl. France [Grenier] 2: 79 (1850)
= Scabiosa gramuntia var. tomentosa Gren. & Godr.; Fl. France [Grenier] 2: 80 (1850)
= Scabiosa gramuntiana Gouan; Hortus Monsp. 62 (1762), orth. var.
= Scabiosa leiocephala Hoppe ex Mert. & W.D.J.Koch; Deutschl. Fl. [Mertens & W.D.J.Koch], ed. 3, 1: 754 (1823)
= Scabiosa loscosii Sennen; Diagn. Nouv. 292 (1936)
= Scabiosa mollis Willd.; Enum. Pl. [Willdenow], Suppl. 7 (1814)
= Scabiosa styriaca Vest; Flora (Regensburg) 4: 146 (1821), et Steiermärk. Z. 1: 160 (1821)
= Scabiosa triandra var. mollis (Willd.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 23(3-4): 381 (1977 publ. 1978)
species :
Scabiosa triniifolia Friv.; Flora (Regensburg) 18: 333 (1835)
Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; Albania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (N- & NE-Greece, Chalkidiki, Thasos)
13 ALB BUL GRC KOS SRB TUE
Remarks: ochroleuca agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Asterocephalus triniifolius (Friv.) Vis.; Mem. Reale Ist. Veneto Sci. 21: 482 (1882)
= Scabiosa silaifolia Velen.; Beitr. Fl. Ost.-Rumel. und Bulg. 19 (1886)
= Scabiosa tenuifolia Friv. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 527 (1841), nom. inval.
= Scabiosa triniifolia f. pinnatipartita Diklic & V.Nikolic; Glasn. Prír. Mus. Beogradu, Ser. B, Biol. Nauke 36: 7, 9 (1981)
= Scabiosa triniifolia var. setigera Pancic; Glasn. Srpskog Ucenog Drustva 53: 197 (1883)
species :
Scabiosa turolensis Pau; Not. Bot. Fl. Españ. 1: 20 (1887); et Suppl. Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 74 (1893)
subspecies :
subsp. turolensis
Distribution: Portugal; SE- & E-Spain
12 POR SPA
Remarks: columbaria agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Knautia tomentosa (Cav.) Payot; Fl. Mont-Blanc, see Bull. Soc. Bot. France 29: Bibl. 43 (1882)
= Scabiosa columbaria subsp. tomentosa (Cav. ex Spreng.) Font Quer; Arxius Secc. Ci. Inst. Estud. Catalans 18: 13 (1950)
= Scabiosa pyrenaica var. tomentosa (Cav. ex Spreng.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 659 (1830)
= Scabiosa tomentosa Cav.; Icon. [Cavanilles] 2: 66 (1793), nom. illeg., non Gmel.
= Scabiosa tomentosa var. cinerea Freyn; Bull. Herb. Boissier 1: 546 (1893)
= Scabiosa turolensis Sennen; Diagn. Nouv. 290 (1936)
= Scabiosa turolensis var. microcephala Willk.; Suppl. Prodr. Fl. Hisp. 74 (1893)
subspecies :
subsp. grosii (Pau) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 12(1): 43 (1982)
Distribution: S-Spain; NW-Morocco
12 SPA 20 MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Scabiosa tomentosa f. longiaristata Pau; Mem. Mus. Ci. Nat. Barcelona, Ser. Bot. 1(1): 48 (1922)
= Scabiosa tomentosa subsp. grosii (Pau) Font Quer; Mem. Real Acad. Ci. Barcelona, Ser. 3, 22(18): 19 (1931)
= Scabiosa tomentosa var. arundana Pau; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 3: 284 (1904)
= Scabiosa tomentosa var. fallax Font Quer; Mem. Real Acad. Ci. Barcelona 22(18): 19 (1931)
= Scabiosa tomentosa var. grosii Pau; Mem. Mus. Ci. Nat. Barcelona, Ser. Bot. 1(1): 48 (1922)
= Scabiosa tomentosa var. maroccana Pau & Font Quer
= Scabiosa turolensis subsp. grosii (Pau) Devesa; Lagascalia 12(2): 171 (1984)
= Scabiosa turolensis subsp. maroccana (Pau & Font Quer) Romo; Lagascalia 18(2): 336 (1996)
subspecies :
subsp. weyleri (Pau & Font Quer) Romo; Lagascalia 18(2): 335 (1996)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Scabiosa tomentosa var. weyleri (Pau) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 3: 729 (1934)
= Scabiosa turolensis var. weyleri (Pau) Dobignard; J. Bot. Soc. Bot. France 46-47: 85 (2009)
= Scabiosa weyleri Pau
species :
Scabiosa tuzluca Yild.; Ot Sist. Bot. Derg. 26(1): 75 (2019)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Scabiosa tysonii L.Bolus; Ann. Bolus Herb. 2: 96 (1916)
Distribution: South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
species :
Scabiosa velenovskiana Bobrov; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 24: 82 (1957)
Distribution: Bosnia & Hercegovina; Albania; Bulgaria; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Turkey (NE-Anatolia)
13 ALB BIH BUL 33 ARM GEO 34 TUR
Remarks: columbaria agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Scabiosa columbaria subsp. dubia Maly; (1908)
= Scabiosa columbaria subsp. velenovskiana (Bobrov) Kozuharov; Opred. Vissh. Rast. Bulg. 786 (1992)
= Scabiosa columbaria subsp. velenovskyana (Bobrov) Stoj. & Stef.; (1967)
= Scabiosa dubia Velen.; Fl. Bulg. [Velenovsky] 243 (1891), nom. illeg., non Moench
species :
Scabiosa vestina Facchini ex W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv., ed. 2: 447 (1854)
Distribution: Italy (S-Alps, N-Appennini)
13 ITA
Remarks: columbaria agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Asterocephalus vestinus (Facchini ex W.D.J.Koch) Facchini ex Rchb.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. [H.G.L.Reichenbach] 12: 20 (1850)
species :
Scabiosa webbiana D.Don; Bot. Reg. 9: t. 717 (1823)
Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; Albania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (mountains of mainland, Athos, Thasos, Evvoia); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Lebanon (C-Lebanon); Syria (W-Syrian Mountains)
13 ALB BUL GRC KOS SRB TUE 34 LEB SYR TUR
Remarks: columbaria agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Scabiosa columbaria var. webbiana (D.Don) V.A.Matthews; Fl. Turkey 4: 606 (1972)
= Scabiosa ochroleuca var. webbiana (D.Don) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 132 (1875)
species :
Scabiosa ×beauverdiana Palez.; Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève, Sér. 2, 15: 29 (1923 publ. 1924)
Distribution: Europe
Error
Remarks: Scabiosa canescens x S. columbaria
species :
Scabiosa ×janchenii Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 18: 174 (1973), without type
Distribution: Czech Republic; etc.
11 CZE
Remarks: Scabiosa columbaria x S. ochroleuca
species :
Scabiosa ×lucidula Beck; Fl. Nieder-Österreich 2(2): 1150 (1893)
Distribution: Europe
Error
Remarks: Scabiosa lucida x S. ochroleuca
Synonyms: hidden
= Scabiosa ×psilophylla Beck; Fl. Nieder-Österreich 2(2): 1150 (1893)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.03 (March 6th, 2025)

Covering 356,112 accepted species,
8,776 hybrids, 48,085 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,454 synonyms,
in total 1,415,427* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

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With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

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