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Ver. 25.01
Jan. 28th, 2025

450.0000 Family Asteraceae Dumort.; Comment. Bot. 55 (1822)
1620 genera, ca. 29.000 spp. (35.000 spp. incl. microspecies). Systematics taken mostly from Funk et al. (2009, 2020) and other recent publications. Barnadesioideae might be its own family, related to Calyceraceae.
Species listed in database: 35181; hybrids: 686
= Acarnaceae Link; (1829)
= Ambrosiaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820), nom. cons.
= Anthemidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Aposeridaceae Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 4: 106 (1838)
= Arctotaceae Bessey; Nebraska Univ. Stud. 14: 107 (1914)
= Arctotidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Artemisiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 48 (1820)
= Athanasiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 56 (1820)
= Calendulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Carduaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Carlinaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Centaureaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Cichoriaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 168 (1789), nom. cons.
= Cnicaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 297 (1818)
= Compositae Giseke; Prael. Ord. Nat. Pl. 538 (1792), nom. cons.
= Coreopsidaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 768 (1829)
= Cynaraceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 926, 931, 1094, 1111 (1835)
= Echinopaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Eupatoriaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 253 (1820)
= Gnaphaliaceae Link ex F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg. 46 (1830)
= Grindeliaceae Rchb. ex A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 330 (1907)
= Heleniaceae Raf.; Cincinnati Lit. Gaz. 2: 28 (1824)
= Helianthaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Helichrysaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 712 (1829)
= Inulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Ivaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 1: 31 (1837)
= Lactucaceae Drude; J. A. Schenk, Handb. Bot. 3(2): 369 (1886)
= Lapsanaceae Martinov; (1820)
= Madiaceae A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 332 (1907)
= Matricariaceae Voigt; Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 400 (1845)
= Mutisiaceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 934, 935, 1094, 1111 (1835)
= Nassauviaceae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch. 290 (1836)
= Partheniaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 816 (1829)
= Perdiciaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 728 (1829)
= Picridaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 482 (1820)
= Santolinaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 560 (1820)
= Senecionaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Serratulaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 577 (1820)
= Tanacetaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 298 (1818)
= Tussilagaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Vernoniaceae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch. 296 (1836)
= Xanthiaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 298 (1818)
= Xeranthemaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. 498 (1843)
450.5173 Genus Reichardia Roth; Bot. Abh. Beobacht. 35 (1787)
Distribution: Canary Isl., Mediterranean, Ethiopia, W-Asia eastward to NW-India; 1 Caucasus
Species listed in database: 10; hybrids: 3
= Picridium Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 2: 220 (1799)
species :
Reichardia albanica F.Conti & D.Lakusic; Phytotaxa 236(2): 125 (2015)
Distribution: Albania
13 ALB
species :
Reichardia crystallina (Sch.Bip. ex Webb & Berthel.) Bramwell; Cuad. Bot. Canaria 11: 22 (1970), preprint
Name: Cerraja de mar (ES)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (Tenerife, Gran Canaria)
21 CNY
Synonyms: hidden
= Picridium crystallinum Sch.Bip.; Hist. Nat. Iles Canaries (Phytogr.) 2: 452 (1850)
species :
Reichardia dichotoma (DC.) Freyn; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 42: 267 (1892)
Distribution: Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)
13 BIH KOS MNT SRB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Picridium dichotomum Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 7(1): 183 (1838)
= Reichardia glauca V.A.Matthews; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 34: 125 (1975), nom. illeg.
= Sonchus divaricatus Sieber ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 610 (1841)
species :
Reichardia famarae Bramwell & G.Kunkel; Cuad. Bot. Canaria 18-19: 49 (1973) ex Gallego & Talavera, Lagascalia 9(2): 201 (1980)
Name: Cerraja de Famara (ES)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura)
21 CNY
species :
Reichardia gaditana (Willk.) Samp.; Bol. Soc. Brot. 24: 68 (1909)
subspecies :
subsp. gaditana
Distribution: Spain; Gibraltar; Morocco; Algeria
12 GIB SPA 20 ALG MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Picridium gaditanum Willk.; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 232 (1865)
= Picridium tingitanum var. gaditanum (Willk.) Pérez Lara; Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 16: 361 (1887)
= Picridium tingitanum var. hispanicum Kunze; Flora (Regensburg) 29: 697 (1846)
= Reichardia gaditana (Willk.) Cout.; Fl. Portugal 676 (1913), isonym
subspecies :
subsp. lusitanica (Cout.) P.Silva & Bacelar; Bol. Soc. Brot. 60: 156 (1987)
Distribution: Portugal
12 POR
Synonyms: hidden
= Reichardia gaditana var. lusitanica Cout.; Fl. Portugal 676 (1913)
species :
Reichardia intermedia (Jan ex DC.) Cout.; Fl. Portugal 676 (1913)
Name: Mittlere Reichardie (DE); Intermediate Brighteyes (EN)
Distribution: Portugal; Spain; Gibraltar; Baleares (Mallorca); Sicily; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Malta; Greece (only Kiklades); Crete (C- & E-Crete); Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Canary Isl.; East Aegaean Isl. (Chios, Samos, Dodecanese, Kasos, Karpathos, Rhodos); Turkey (S-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Cyprus (C-Mountains, N-Cyprus); Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Israel (N-Israel)
12 BAL GIB POR SPA 13 GRC KRI MLT PEL SIC 20 ALG MOR TUN 21 CNY 34 CYP EAI ISR LEB TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Picridium intermedium (Jan ex DC.) Sch.Bip.; Hist. Nat. Iles Canaries (Phytogr.) 2: 451 (1850)
= Picridium intermedium var. janii Sch.Bip.; Hist. Nat. Iles Canaries (Phytogr.) 2(2): 452 (1850), nom. superfl.
= Reichardia intermedia (Jan ex DC.) Dinsm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 33: 109 (1933)
= Reichardia picroides subsp. intermedia (Sch.Bip.) Jahand. & Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 3: 850 (1934)
= Reichardia picroides var. intermedia (Sch.Bip.) Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia [Fiori, Béguinot & Paoletti] 3: 425 (1904)
= Sonchus intermedius Jan ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 7: 182 (1838)
= Sonchus picroides Sm.; Fl. Graec. [Sibthorp] 8: 68 (1835)
species :
Reichardia ligulata (Vent.) G.Kunkel & Sunding; Monogr. Biol. Canar. 3: 80 (1972)
Name: Cerraja de costa (ES)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma, Fuerteventura)
21 CNY
Synonyms: hidden
= Picridium ligulatum (Vent.) Kunze; Flora (Regensburg) 29: 701 (1846)
variant :
var. crispa (Webb & Berthel.) Rivas Mart.; Itinera Geobot. 15(2): 706 (2002)
Distribution: Canary Isl.
21 CNY
Synonyms: hidden
= Picridium ligulatum f. crispum Webb & Berthel.
species :
Reichardia macrophylla Vis. & Pancic; Pancic Fl. Princ. Serb. 460 (1874)
Distribution: Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Kosovo; N-Albania
13 ALB BIH KOS MNT
Synonyms: hidden
= Picridium macrophyllum (Vis. & Pancic) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2(1): 203 (1889)
species :
Reichardia picroides (L.) Roth; Bot. Abh. Beobacht. 35 (1787)
Name: Bitterkraut-Reichardie (DE); Common Brighteyes; Galatsida (EN)
Distribution: Portugal; Spain; Gibraltar; Baleares (Ibiza & Formentera, Mallorca, Menorca); France; Monaco; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread excl. North, on all islands); Crete (widespread); Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (NW-coastal Egypt); East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos); Turkey (N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Cyprus (E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus); Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria); Qatar [I]; Australia [I] (SW-Western Australia [I]); Hawaii [I] (Oahu [I], Molokai [I])
12 BAL COR FRA GIB MCO POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KRI MNT NMA PEL PTL SIC SLV SMA TUE 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 34 CYP EAI LEB SYR TUR 35 qat 50 aus 63 haw
Synonyms: hidden
= Picridium crassifolium Willk.; Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 5: 862 (1847)
= Picridium intermedium var. gracile Sch.Bip.; Hist. Nat. Iles Canaries (Phytogr.) 3(2, 2): 452 (1844)
= Picridium intermedium var. robustum Willk.; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 233 (1865)
= Picridium istriacum Gand.; Contr. Fl. Terr. Slav. Merid. 1: 19 (1883)
= Picridium lesbiacum P.Candargy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 44: 147 (1897)
= Picridium lingulatum Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 390 (1841)
= Picridium macrogaranum Pancic ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 461 (1879)
= Picridium maritimum Rchb.f.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. [H.G.L.Reichenbach] 19: 26, t. 56 (1860)
= Picridium mixtum Gand.; Contr. Fl. Terr. Slav. Merid. 1: 19 (1883)
= Picridium perenne Fraas; Syn. Pl. Fl. Class. 197 (1845), nomen, Halácsy, Consp. Fl. Graec. 2: 215 (1902)
= Picridium picroides (L.) H.Karst.; Pharm. Med. Bot. 1145 (1883)
= Picridium rupestre Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 261 (1875)
= Picridium sadleri Gand.; Contr. Fl. Terr. Slav. Merid. 1: 18 (1883)
= Picridium vulgare Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 2: 221 (1799)
= Picridium vulgare var. crassifolium (Willk.) Willk.; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 233 (1865)
= Picridium vulgare var. maritimum Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 390 (1839)
= Reichardia crassifolia (Willk.) Guarino & Pignatti; Fl. Ital. [Pignatti] 4: 923 (2019)
= Reichardia integrifolia Moench; Methodus [Moench] 546 (1794)
= Reichardia intermedia subsp. gracilis (Sch.Bip.) Rivas Mart.; Itinera Geobot. 15: 706 (2002)
= Reichardia picroides var. crassifolia (Willk.) Ginzb.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 71: 82 (1922)
= Reichardia picroides var. cupaniana (Nicotra) Fiori; Nuov. Fl. Italia 2: 825 (1925)
= Reichardia picroides var. gracilis (Sch.Bip.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Folia Bot. Misc. 6: 86 (1989)
= Reichardia picroides var. hypochoeriformis Ginzb.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 71: 75 (1922)
= Reichardia picroides var. integrifolia (Moench) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 359 (1891)
= Reichardia picroides var. leontodontiformis Ginzb.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 71: 75 (1922)
= Reichardia picroides var. maritima (Boiss.) Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia [Fiori, Béguinot & Paoletti] 3: 425 (1904)
= Reichardia picroides var. robusta (Willk.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Folia Bot. Misc. 6: 86 (1989)
= Scorzonera picroides L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 792 (1753)
= Scorzonera variifolia Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 179 (1796)
= Sonchus chondrilloides Sm.; Fl. Graec. [Sibthorp] 8: 67 (1835)
= Sonchus picroides (L.) Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 3: 398 (1786)
= Sonchus squamosus Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 2: 87 (1779)
species :
Reichardia tingitana (L.) Roth; Bot. Abh. Beobacht. 35 (1787)
subspecies :
subsp. tingitana
Name: Tanger-Reichardie (DE); Cerraja de vina (ES), False Sowthistle (EN)
Distribution: Germany [I]; E- & S-Spain; Baleares (Ibiza & Formentera, Mallorca, Menorca); Italy; Sicily; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I]); Hawaii [I] (Oahu [I], Molokai [I], Hawaii Isl. [I])
11 ger 12 BAL SPA 13 ITA PEL SIC 20 ALG MOR TUN 50 aus 63 haw
Synonyms: hidden
= Picridium arabicum Hochst. & Steud. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 7: 182 (1838)
= Picridium discolor Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 6 (1874)
= Picridium hispanicum (Jacq.) Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 4: 410 (1816)
= Picridium ligulatum Vent.; Jard. Malmaison 68, t. 68 (1804)
= Picridium orientale (L.) DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck] 4: 16 (1805)
= Picridium pinnatifidum Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 24 (1816)
= Picridium saharae Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 262 (1875)
= Picridium tingitanum (L.) Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 2: 220 (1799)
= Picridium tingitanum var. subacaule Willk.; Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 5: 862 (1847)
= Reichardia arabica (Hochst. & Steud. ex DC.) Fiori; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 20: 393 (1913)
= Reichardia discolor (Pomel) Sennen; Campagn. Bot. 142 (1936)
= Reichardia orientalis var. crispatula Sennen; Diagn. Nouv. 195 (1930), nom. inval.
= Reichardia orientalis var. minus Boiss.; (1875)
= Reichardia runcinata Moench; Methodus [Moench] 546 (1794)
= Reichardia tingitana subsp. discolor (Pomel) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 3: 850 (1934)
= Reichardia tingitana var. pinnatifida (Lag.) Pau & Font Quer
= Scorzonera ciliata Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 143 (1775)
= Scorzonera glauca Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 179 (1796)
= Scorzonera tingitana L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 791 (1753)
= Sonchus hispanicus Jacq.; Pl. Rar. Hort. Schoenbr. 2: 9 (1797)
= Sonchus hispidulus Bové ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 7: 182 (1838)
= Sonchus pinnatifidus Lag. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 7: 182 (1838), nom. inval.
= Sonchus tingitanus (L.) Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 3: 397 (1792)
subspecies :
subsp. orientalis (L.) Maire; Cavanillesia 2: 174 (1930)
Distribution: E-Crete (incl. Dragonada, Chrisi, Koufonisi); Libya; Egypt (Eastern Desert, Great Southwestern Desert, NE-Egypt, Nile Delta, Nile Valley, NW-coastal Egypt, SE-Egypt); Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Eritrea; Djibouti; Soqotra; Kenya; Tanzania; Iraq (NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia, S-Iraq); Iran (NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Farah, Kandahar, Kunar / Nuristan, Laghman, Nangarhar); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, N-Negev Desert, Judean Desert, S-Negev Desert, Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai, S-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, Dahana, NE-Saudi Arabia, N-Saudi Arabia, Nafud Desert, Hejaz, Midyan, S-Saudi Arabia: Rub to Khali, Asir, Nejd Desert); Kuwait; Bahrain; Qatar; United Arab Emirates; Oman (Mascat & Oman); Yemen (Aden Desert, N-Inner Yemen, SW-Yemen, W-Yemen); Pakistan (Baluchistan, Waziristan, N. W. Frontier Prov., Kohat, Khyber, Pakistani Punjab, Lahore); India (Punjab, Uttar Pradesh)
13 KRI 20 EGY LBY 24 DJI ERI ETH SOC SUD 25 KEN TAN 34 AFG CYP IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR 35 BAR KUW OMA QAT SAU UAE YEM 40 IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Reichardia orientalis (L.) Hochr.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 7-8: 238 (1904)
= Scorzonera orientalis L.; Syst. Nat., ed. 10: 1191 (1759)
= Reichardia tingitana var. subintegra (Boiss.) Mamgain & R.R.Rao; J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 86(2): 273 (1989)
= Picridium tingitanum var. subintegra Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 828 (1875)
species :
Reichardia ×baetica Gallego & Talavera; Lagascalia 9(2): 210 (1980)
Distribution: Spain
12 SPA
Remarks: Reichardia intermedia x tingitana
species :
Reichardia ×canariensis Gallego & Talavera; Lagascalia 9(2): 212 (1980)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (Gran Canaria, Tenerife)
21 CNY
Remarks: Reichardia ligulata x tingitana
species :
Reichardia ×sventenia Gallego & Talavera; Lagascalia 9(2): 213 (1980)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura)
21 CNY
Remarks: Reichardia famarae x tingitana
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.01 (January 28th, 2025)

Covering 355,966 accepted species,
8,748 hybrids, 47,863 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,230 synonyms,
in total 1,418,722* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life