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Ver. 24.11
November 5th, 2024

450.0000 Family Asteraceae Dumort.; Comment. Bot. 55 (1822)
1620 genera, ca. 29.000 spp. (35.000 spp. incl. microspecies). Systematics taken mostly from Funk et al. (2009, 2020) and other recent publications. Barnadesioideae might be its own family, related to Calyceraceae.
Species listed in database: 35141; hybrids: 686
= Acarnaceae Link; (1829)
= Ambrosiaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 254 (1820), nom. cons.
= Anthemidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 254 (1820)
= Aposeridaceae Raf.; New Fl. N. Amer. 4: 106 (1838)
= Arctotaceae Bessey; Nebraska Univ. Stud. 14: 107 (1914)
= Arctotidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 255 (1820)
= Artemisiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 48 (1820)
= Athanasiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 56 (1820)
= Calendulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 254 (1820)
= Carduaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 255 (1820)
= Carlinaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 255 (1820)
= Centaureaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 255 (1820)
= Cichoriaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl.: 168 (1789), nom. cons.
= Cnicaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot.: 273, 297 (1818)
= Compositae Giseke; Prael. Ord. Nat. Pl.: 538 (1792), nom. cons.
= Coreopsidaceae Link; Handbuch 1: 768 (1829)
= Cynaraceae Burnett; Outlines Bot.: 926, 931, 1094, 1111 (1835)
= Echinopaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 255 (1820)
= Eupatoriaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 253 (1820)
= Gnaphaliaceae Link ex F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg.: 46 (1830)
= Grindeliaceae Rchb. ex A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 330 (1907)
= Heleniaceae Raf.; Cincinnati Lit. Gaz. 2: 28 (1824)
= Helianthaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 254 (1820)
= Helichrysaceae Link; Handbuch 1: 712 (1829)
= Inulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 254 (1820)
= Ivaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 1: 31 (1837)
= Lactucaceae Drude; J. A. Schenk, Handb. Bot. 3(2): 369 (1886)
= Lapsanaceae Martinov; (1820)
= Madiaceae A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 332 (1907)
= Matricariaceae Voigt; Hort. Suburb. Calcutt.: 400 (1845)
= Mutisiaceae Burnett; Outlines Bot.: 934, 935, 1094, 1111 (1835)
= Nassauviaceae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch.: 290 (1836)
= Partheniaceae Link; Handbuch 1: 816 (1829)
= Perdiciaceae Link; Handbuch 1: 728 (1829)
= Picridaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 482 (1820)
= Santolinaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 560 (1820)
= Senecionaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 254 (1820)
= Serratulaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 577 (1820)
= Tanacetaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot.: 273, 298 (1818)
= Tussilagaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 254 (1820)
= Vernoniaceae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch.: 296 (1836)
= Xanthiaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot.: 273, 298 (1818)
= Xeranthemaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl.: 498 (1843)
450.3235 Genus Plectocephalus D.Don; Sw., Brit. Flow. Gard. Ser. II. t. 51 (1830)
Distribution: Chile (mostly), some W-USA, Mexico, Ethiopia. Phalacrachena should be included here.
Species listed in database: 14
= Yunquea Skottsb.; Acta Horti Gothob. 4: 163 (1929)
species :
Plectocephalus americanus (Nutt.) D.Don; R. Sw., Brit. Fl. Gard., ser. 2. 1: plate 51 (1830)
Distribution: USA (Arizona, Arkansas, Kansas, Louisiana, Missouri, Oklahoma, Texas); Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Hidalgo, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sonora, Tamaulipas); El Salvador [I]; Honduras [I]
74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 80 els hon
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurea americana Nutt.; J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 2: 117 (1821)
= Centaurea caroliniana Walter; Fl. Carol.: 214 (1788)
= Centaurea grandiflora Moc. & Sessé ex DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 575 (1838)
= Centaurea mexicana DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 575 (1838)
= Centaurea nuttallii Spreng.; Syst. 4: Cur. Post. 298 (1827)
species :
Plectocephalus atacamensis (Reiche) Penneck. & Chaura; Phytotaxa 437(4): 230 (2020)
Distribution: Chile (Antofagasta, Atacama, Valparaíso)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurea atacamensis (Reiche) I.M.Johnst.; Contr. Gray Herb. 85: 130 (1929)
= Centaurea atacamensis (Reiche) Ravenna; Onira 10(15): 52 (2006) isonym
= Centaurea floccosa var. atacamensis Reiche; Anales Univ. Chile 114: 468 (1904)
species :
Plectocephalus bridgesii (S.Moore) Penneck. & Chaura; Phytotaxa 437(4): 230 (2020)
Distribution: Chile
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurea bridgesii S.Moore; J. Bot. 37: 169 (1899)
= Centaurea chilensis var. stenolepis Phil.; Anales Univ. Chile 90: 42 (1895)
species :
Plectocephalus bulbosus (Hook. & Arn.) Penneck. & Chaura; Phytotaxa 437(4): 230 (2020)
Distribution: Chile (Coquimbo, Valparaíso, Biobío, Araucanía, Los Lagos)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurea bulbosa Hook. & Arn.; Companion Bot. Mag. 1: 111 (1835)
= Centaurea dianthoides J.Rémy; Fl. Chil. 4: 312 (1849)
species :
Plectocephalus cachinalensis (Phil.) N.Garcia & Susanna; Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 108(2): 277 (2011)
Distribution: Chile (Antofagasta, Atacama, Coquimbo)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurea cachinalensis Phil.; Fl. Atacam. 34. (1860)
species :
Plectocephalus chilensis G.Don ex Loudon; Encyc. Pl. Suppl. 2: 1446 (1812)
Name: Hierba o flor del minero [Chile]
Distribution: Chile (Atacama, Coquimbo, Valparaíso, Metropolitana de Santiago, O´Higgins)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurea australis Poepp. ex DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 575 (1838)
= Centaurea chilensis Bertero ex Bull.; Ferussac (1830), 109, nomen, et ex Hook. & Arn. in Bot. Beech. Voy. 1: 33
variant :
var. brevilobus (DC.) Penneck. & Chaura; Phytotaxa 437(4): 230 (2020)
Distribution: Chile (Coquimbo, Valparaíso)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurea chilensis var. breviloba DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 575 (1838)
species :
Plectocephalus floccosus (Hook. & Arn.) N.Garcia & Susanna; Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 108(2): 277 (2011)
Distribution: Chile (Atacama, Coquimbo, Valparaíso)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurea floccosa Hook. & Arn.; Companion Bot. Mag. 1: 110 (1835)
species :
Plectocephalus formosus (Ravenna) Penneck. & Gl.Rojas; Phytotaxa 437(4): 230 (2020)
Distribution: Chile (Coquimbo)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurea formosa Ravenna; Onira 10(15): 48-49 (2006)
species :
Plectocephalus gayanus (J.Rémy) Penneck. & Chaura; Phytotaxa 437(4): 232 (2020)
Distribution: Chile (Atacama, Coquimbo)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurea gayana J.Rémy; Fl. Chil. [Gay] 4(3): 310 (1849)
= Centaurea huascoensis Ravenna; Onira 10: 49 (2006)
species :
Plectocephalus illapelinus (Phil.) Penneck. & Gl.Rojas; Phytotaxa 437(4): 232 (2020)
Distribution: Chile (Coquimbo)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurea illapelina Phil.; Anales Univ. Chile 90: 43 (1895)
species :
Plectocephalus monocephalus (J.Rémy) Penneck. & Chaura; Phytotaxa 437(4): 233 (2020)
Distribution: Chile (Biobío)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurea monocephala J.Rémy; Fl. Chil. [Gay] 4(3): 311 (1849)
species :
Plectocephalus rothrockii (Greenm.) D.J.N.Hind; Curtis´s Bot. Mag., 13(1): 5 (1996)
Name: Mexican or Rothrock´s basketflower, Rothrock´s knapweed
Distribution: USA (Arizona, New Mexico); Mexico (Chihuahua, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Queretaro, Sinaloa, Sonora, Zacatecas)
76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurea rothrockii Greenm.; Coult. Bot. Gaz. 37: 221 (1904)
species :
Plectocephalus tweediei (Hook. & Arn.) N.Garcia & Susanna; Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 108(2): 277 (2011)
Distribution: S-Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul); Paraguay (Guaira); Uruguay (Artigas, Cerro Largo, Florida Prov., Rivera, Rio Negro, Salto, San Jose, Tacuarembo); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Chaco, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Misiones, Santa Fe)
84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurea tweediei Hook. & Arn.; Companion Bot. Mag. 1: 110 (1835)
species :
Plectocephalus varians (A.Rich.) C.Jeffrey ex Cufod.; Senck. Biol. 47: 262 (1966)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Eritrea
24 ERI ETH
Synonyms: hidden
= Centaurea abyssinica Sch.Bip.; Boiss., Diagn. Ser. II. 3: 62 (1856)
= Centaurea varians A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 453 (1848)
= Plectocephalus abyssinicus Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 2, 3: 62 (1856)
= Plectocephalus cyanoides Boiss.; Diagn. Ser. II. 3: 62 (1856)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World


Version 24.11 (November 5th, 2024)

Covering 355,576 accepted species,
8,715 hybrids, 47,863 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,000,581 synonyms,
in total 1,412,785* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]


With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life