370.0000 Family Polygonaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl.: 82 (1789), nom. cons.

52 genera, ca. 1450 spp.

Species listed in database: 1446; hybrids: 151

370.3201 Genus Persicaria (L.) Mill.; Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. 4 (1754)

Distribution: Temperate Northern Hemisphere south to Mediterranean, India, S-China, and Malay Peninsula

Species listed in database: 132; hybrids: 11

Search for: Persicaria cliopolitana

Nothing found!

species :

Persicaria acuminata (Kunth) M.Gómez; Anales Segunda Ensenanza (La Habana) 2: 278 (1896)

Name: Piment-vache (Lesser Antilles)

Distribution: Benin [I]; Gabon [I]; Congo [Brazzaville] [I]; Madagascar [I]; Israel [I] (coastal W-Israel [I], Rift Valley [I]); Easter Isl. [I]; Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz); Guatemala; Belize; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Cuba; Jamaica; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Guadeloupe; Marie-Galante; Trinidad; Colombia (Antioquia, Arauca); Venezuela (Amazonas, Apure, Aragua, Bolívar, Delta Amacuro, Guarico?, Lara, Miranda, Monagas, Sucre); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Galapagos; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, La Paz, Santa Cruz, Tarija); Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); N-Brazil (Amapa, Amazonas, Acre); NE-Brazil (Pernambuco, Bahia); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goiás, Brasilia Distrito Federal, Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); Paraguay (Alto Paraguay, Alto Paraná, Amambay, Caaguazu, Caazapa, Canindeyu, Central, Concepcion, Cordillera, Guaira, Misiones, Paraguari, Pres. Hayes, San Pedro); Uruguay (Lavalleja, Rocha); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Cordoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Jujuy, La Pampa, La Rioja, Misiones, Salta, Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, San Luis, Tucuman); Chile (Valparaíso, O´Higgins, Maule, Ñuble, Biobío); Desventuradas Isl.

22 ben 23 con gab 29 mdg 34 isr 61 eas 79 MEX 80 BLZ COS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 CUB GDL HIS JAM PUE TRT 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL ECU GAL PER 84 BRA 85 ARG CLE DSV PAR URU

Synonyms: hidden

= Chulusium acuminatum (Kunth) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 14 (1837)

= Polygonum acuminatum Kunth; Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 2, ed. folio: 142

= Polygonum acuminatum var. brachystemon Meisn.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 5(1): 15 (1855), et Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14(1): 114 (1856)

= Polygonum acuminatum var. capense Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 114 (1856)

= Polygonum acuminatum var. glabrescens Meisn.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 5(1): 15 (1855)

= Polygonum acuminatum var. humboldtii Meisn.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 5(1): 14 (1855)

= Polygonum acuminatum var. microstemon Mart. ex Meisn.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 5(1): 15 (1855)

= Polygonum acuminatum var. setigerum (Wedd.) Meisn.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 5(1): 15 (1855)

= Polygonum acuminatum var. stenophylla Heimerl; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 79(1): 242 (1908)

= Polygonum acuminatum var. subcordatum Meisn.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 5(1): 15 (1855), et Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14(1): 114 (1856)

= Polygonum acuminatum var. weddellii Meisn.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 5(1): 15 (1855), et Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14(1): 114 (1856)

= Polygonum alfredii Pilg.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 126 (1921)

= Polygonum barbatum G.Mey.; Prim. Fl. Esseq.: 158 (1818), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum bettfreundianum Lindau; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: Beibl. n. 48 11 (1894)

= Polygonum cuspidatum Willd. ex Soler.; Syst. Anat. Dicot. 4: 756 (1899), nom. subnud.

= Polygonum erectum Vell.; Fl. Flumin. 162 (1829), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum floribundum Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 3, 13: 252 (1849), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum graminifolium Hoffm. ex Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 114 (1856), nom. inval.

= Polygonum guatemalense Gand.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 66: 225 (1919), in clavi

= Polygonum micranthum A.Rich.; Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11: 183 (1850)

= Polygonum setigerum Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. III. 13: 253 (1849)

= Polygonum stuckertii Gand.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 66: 225 (1919)

= Polygonum vellosoi Toledo; Arquiv. Bot. Estad. S. Paulo, n. s., form. maior 3: 27 (1952)

species :

Persicaria akakiensis (Cufod.) Soják; Preslia. 46(2): 152 (1974)

Distribution: C-Ethiopia

24 ETH

Remarks: only known from type collected in 1904

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum akakiense Cufod.; Sitz. Osterr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Nat., clvi. 1. 475 (1947)

species :

Persicaria amphibia (L.) Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 268 (1821)

Name: Wasser-Knöterich (DE)

10 DEN FIN FOR GRB ICE IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 CIS COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MLT MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SRB TUE 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT MLD RUS UKR 20 ALG MOR TUN 27 les saf 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG EAI IRN LEB SYR TUR 35 SAU YEM 36 CHI TIB 37 MON 38 JAP KOR 40 BHU IND NEP PAK 85 arg

Synonyms: hidden

= Chulusium amphibium (L.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 14 (1837)

= Chulusium fluitans Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 14 (1837)

= Chulusium natans (Moench) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 14 (1837)

= Persicaria amphibia f. terrestris (Leyss.) Kitag.; Rep. Exped. Manchoukuo Sect. IV 4: 76 (1936)

= Persicaria amphibia subsp. amurensis (Korsh.) Soják; Preslia 46: 152 (1974)

= Persicaria amphibia var. amurensis (Korsh.) H.Hara; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 36 (1952)

= Persicaria amphibia var. natans (Leyss.) Munshi & Javeid; Syst. Stud. Polygonac. Kashmir Himalaya (J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. Addit. Ser. 2): 63 (1986)

= Persicaria amphibia var. terrestris (Leyss.) Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 268 (1821 publ. 1822)

= Persicaria amphibia var. terrestris (Leyss.) Munshi & Javeid; Syst. Stud. Polygonac. Kashmir Himalaya (J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. Addit. Ser. 2): 63 (1986), isonym

= Persicaria amurensis Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 2: 183 (1912)

= Persicaria coccinea f. natans (Wiegand) D.Löve & J.-P.Bernard; Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 53: 391 (1959)

= Persicaria fluitans Montandon; Friche-Joset, Syn. Fl. Jura: 268 (1856)

= Persicaria natans Moldenke; Boissiera 7: 2 (1943)

= Polygonum amphibium f. angustifolium Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 553 (1891)

= Polygonum amphibium f. aquaticum (Leyss.) Lindm.; 217 (1918)

= Polygonum amphibium f. aquaticum (Leyss.) Regel; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 4(4): 124 (1861)

= Polygonum amphibium f. bugense Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Maternat.-Przyrodn. Akad. Umiejetn., Nauki Biolog., Dzial B, Serya III, 7B: 604 (1907)

= Polygonum amphibium f. coenosum (W.D.J.Koch) Bruijn; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 1(4): 512 (1848)

= Polygonum amphibium f. decumbens (Klett & Richt.) Lindm.; 217 (1918)

= Polygonum amphibium f. maritimum (Dethard.) Bruijn; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 1(4): 515 (1848)

= Polygonum amphibium f. natans (Moench) Asch.; 588 (1864)

= Polygonum amphibium f. paludosa Bruijn; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 1(4): 515 (1848)

= Polygonum amphibium f. polesicum Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Maternat.-Przyrodn. Akad. Umiejetn., Nauki Biolog., Dzial B, Serya III, 7B: 604 (1907)

= Polygonum amphibium f. serrulatum H.Rosend.; Bot. Not. 1892: 206 (1892)

= Polygonum amphibium f. terrestre (Leyss.) Asch.; 588 (1864)

= Polygonum amphibium f. terrestre (Leyss.) Regel; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 4(4): 124 (1861)

= Polygonum amphibium f. terrestre Bruijn; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 1(4): 514 (1848), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum amphibium f. terrestris (Leers) Kitag.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 4: 10 (1936)

= Polygonum amphibium L.; Sp. Pl.: 361 (1753)

= Polygonum amphibium subsp. amurense (Korsh.) Hultén; Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl. 13(1): 174 (1971)

= Polygonum amphibium subsp. amurensis (Korsh.) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 152 (1974)

= Polygonum amphibium subsp. aquaticum (Leyss.) Ehrh.; Hannover. Mag. 18: 221 (1780)

= Polygonum amphibium subsp. aquaticum Walther; 317 (1802), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum amphibium subsp. natans (L.) Schübl. & G.Martens; 256 (1834)

= Polygonum amphibium subsp. terrestre (L.) Schübl. & G.Martens; 256 (1834), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum amphibium subsp. terrestre (Leyss.) Ehrh.; Hannover. Mag. 18: 221 (1780), nom. inval.

= Polygonum amphibium subsp. terrestre Walther; 318 (1802), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum amphibium var. amurense Korsh.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 12: 382 (1893)

= Polygonum amphibium var. aquaticum Leyss.; Fl. Halens.: 391 (1761)

= Polygonum amphibium var. aquaticum Wallr.; Sched. crit. Fl. Hal. I: 190 (1822), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum amphibium var. aquatile Wibel; Prim. fl. Werthemensis 222 (1799)

= Polygonum amphibium var. brachystylum Danser; 221 (1921)

= Polygonum amphibium var. coenosum W.D.J.Koch; 617 (1837)

= Polygonum amphibium var. decumbens Klett & Richt.; Fl. Leipzig: 351 (1830)

= Polygonum amphibium var. fluitans Bruijn; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 1(4): 513 (1848)

= Polygonum amphibium var. glabratum Bruijn; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 1(4): 512 (1848)

= Polygonum amphibium var. hirtulum Bruijn; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 1(4): 514 (1848)

= Polygonum amphibium var. macrostylum Danser; 221 (1921)

= Polygonum amphibium var. maritimum Mert. & W.D.J.Koch; Röhling, Deutschl. Fl., ed. 3, 3: 32 (1831)

= Polygonum amphibium var. muehlenbergii Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 116 (1856), nom. superfl.

= Polygonum amphibium var. natans Leyss.; Fl. Halens.: 391 (1761)

= Polygonum amphibium var. natans Moench; Enum. Pl. Hass.: 189 (1777), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum amphibium var. natans Wallr.; Sched. crit. Fl. Hal. I: 190 (1822), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum amphibium var. pallidiflorum Danser; 221 (1921)

= Polygonum amphibium var. palustre S.Wilcke; 62 (1765), nom. inval.

= Polygonum amphibium var. palustre S.Wilcke ex Sadler; 284 (1825)

= Polygonum amphibium var. roseiflorum Danser; 221 (1921)

= Polygonum amphibium var. salicifolium Schur; 583 (1866)

= Polygonum amphibium var. terrestre Leyss.; Fl. Halens.: 391 (1761)

= Polygonum amphibium var. terrestre Wallr.; Sched. crit. Fl. Hal. I: 190 (1822), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum amphibium var. terrestre Wibel; Prim. fl. Werthemensis 222 (1799), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum amphibium var. terrestre Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willd.] 2(1): 443 (1799)

= Polygonum amphibium var. vestitum Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26: 333 (1891)

= Polygonum amphibium var. vistulense Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Maternat.-Przyrodn. Akad. Umiejetn., Nauki Biolog., Dzial B, Serya III, 7B: 605 (1907), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum amurense (Korsh.) Vorosch.; Fl. Sovetsk. Dal´n. Vost. 167 (1966)

= Polygonum aquaticum A.Gray ex Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 116 (1857)

= Polygonum aquaticum J.F.Lehm.; 29 (1809)

= Polygonum cardiophyllum Gand.; Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 1: 43 (1882)

= Polygonum coccineum var. terrestre (Leyss.) Willd.; Enum. Pl. [Willd.] 1: 428, in adnot. (1809)

= Polygonum lanceolatum Gand.; Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 1: 42 (1882)

= Polygonum longifolium Gand.; Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 1: 44 (1882)

= Polygonum natans (Moench) Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Maternat.-Przyrodn. Akad. Umiejetn., Nauki Biolog., Dzial B, Serya III, 7B: 605 (1907), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum natans Gueldenst.; Reis. Russland (Gueldenst.) 2: 32 (1791)

= Polygonum natans Hegetschw.; 365 (1838 publ. 1839), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum natans Krock.; 55 (1823)

= Polygonum natans var. cracoviense Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Maternat.-Przyrodn. Akad. Umiejetn., Nauki Biolog., Dzial B, Serya III, 7B: 605 (1907)

= Polygonum platyphyllum Gand.; Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 1: 45 (1882)

= Polygonum purpureum Gilib.; Exerc. Phyt. 2: 433 (1792), opus utique oppr.

= Polygonum salicifolium Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 583 (1866), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum setiferum Gand.; Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 1: 41 (1882)

= Polygonum spectabile Fedde; Bot. Jahresber. [Just] 32(1): 417 (1905), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum tenuinaevum Gand.; Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 1: 44 (1882)

= Polygonum terrestre (Leyss.) Hegetschw.; Fl. Schweiz: 366 (1839)

variant :

var. emersa (Michx.) J.C.Hickman; Madroño 31(4): 249 (1984)

Name: Longroot smartweed

Distribution: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Northern Territories, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Quebec, Saskatchewan); USA (Arkansas, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Iowa, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, Montana, North Carolina, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, Nevada, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Vermont, Washington State, Wisconsin, West Virginia, Wyoming); Mexico (Chiapas, Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Ciudad de Mexico, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla, Sonora, Tlaxcala, Zacatecas)

70 CDN 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria coccinea (Muhl. ex Willd.) Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 24 (1904)

= Persicaria coccinea subsp. pratincola (Greene) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 81: 33 (1954)

= Persicaria emersa (Michx.) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S.: 376 (1903), nom. superfl.

= Persicaria emersa var. asprella Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 238 (1914)

= Persicaria muhlenbergii (S.Watson) Small; Rydb., Fl. Colorado: 111 (1906)

= Persicaria pratincola Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 36 (1904)

= Polygonum amphibium f. emersum (Michx.) Farw.; Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 21: 365 (1920)

= Polygonum amphibium subvar. emersum (Michx.) Farw.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 11: 54 (1928)

= Polygonum amphibium var. coccineum (Muhl. ex Willd.) Farw.; Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 6: 207 (1904)

= Polygonum amphibium var. emersum Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 240 (1803)

= Polygonum coccineum var. pratincola (Greene) Stanford; Rhodora 27: 165 (1925)

= Polygonum emersum (Michx.) Britton; Trans. New York Acad. Sci. 8: 73 (1889), nom. superfl.

= Polygonum muhlenbergii f. natans Wiegand; Rhodora 26: 3 (1924), et Rhodora 27: 187 (1925)

= Polygonum muhlenbergii S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 14: 295 (1879)

= Polygonum muhlenbergii var. terrestre Trel.; Rep. (Annual) Arkansas Geol. Surv. 1888(4): 216 (1891)

= Polygonum pratincola (Greene) Fedde; Bot. Jahresber. [Just] 32(1): 417 (1905)

variant :

var. stipulacea (N.Coleman) H.Hara; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. sect. 3, Bot. 6: 36 (1952)

Name: Water smartweed

Distribution: Alaska; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Labrador, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Northern Territories, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon); St. Pierre et Miquelon; USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Iowa, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, Nevada, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Utah, Virginia, Vermont, Washington State, Wisconsin, Wyoming); Mexico

70 ASK CDN 71 CDN 72 CDN SPM 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX

Remarks: some of the many North American names might belong to var. emersa

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria aboriginum Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 41 (1904)

= Persicaria abscissa Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 46 (1904)

= Persicaria alismifolia Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 44 (1904)

= Persicaria ammophila Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 47 (1904)

= Persicaria amphibia subsp. laevimarginata (Hultén) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 152 (1974)

= Persicaria andrewsii Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 109 (1905)

= Persicaria asclepiadea Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 46 (1904)

= Persicaria canadensis Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 28 (1904)

= Persicaria carictorum Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 2: 230 (1912)

= Persicaria chelanica Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 49 (1904)

= Persicaria coccinea var. asprella Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 36 (1904)

= Persicaria covillei Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 44 (1904)

= Persicaria cusickii Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 42 (1904)

= Persicaria cygnea Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 2: 88 (1910)

= Persicaria fistulosa Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 33 (1904)

= Persicaria fluitans (Eaton) Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 26 (1904), nom. illeg.

= Persicaria franciscana Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 42 (1904)

= Persicaria grandifolia Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 37 (1904)

= Persicaria hartwrightii (A.Gray) Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 24 (1904)

= Persicaria hartwrightii f. fluitans (Eaton) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 81: 33 (1954)

= Persicaria hartwrightii f. hirtuosa (Farw.) D.Löve & J.-P.Bernard; Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 53: 390 (1959)

= Persicaria hartwrightii f. similis (Fernald) D.Löve & J.-P.Bernard; Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 53: 390 (1959)

= Persicaria hesperia Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 43 (1904)

= Persicaria homalostachya Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 48 (1904)

= Persicaria insignis Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 32 (1904)

= Persicaria iowensis Rydb.; Brittonia 1: 87 (1931)

= Persicaria laetevirens Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 31 (1904)

= Persicaria langloisii Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 41 (1904)

= Persicaria laurina Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 35 (1904)

= Persicaria lonchophylla Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 37 (1904)

= Persicaria mesochora Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 28 (-29) (1904)

= Persicaria mesochora var. arenicola Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 2: 235 (1912)

= Persicaria muriculata Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 47 (1904)

= Persicaria natans (Michx.) Moldenke; Boissiera 7: 2 (1943)

= Persicaria natans f. hartwrightii (A.Gray) Moldenke; Boissiera 7: 2 (1943)

= Persicaria nebrascensis Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 47 (1904)

= Persicaria novae-angliae Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 34 (1904)

= Persicaria ophiophila Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 44 (1904)

= Persicaria oregana Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 31 (1904)

= Persicaria oregana var. ancoviana Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 2: 184 (1912)

= Persicaria otophylla Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 41 (1904)

= Persicaria plantaginea Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 40 (1904)

= Persicaria plattensis Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 29 (1904)

= Persicaria porteri Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 35 (1904)

= Persicaria propinqua Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 39 (1904)

= Persicaria psychrophila Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 31 (1904)

= Persicaria purpurata Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 27 (1904)

= Persicaria remota Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 34 (1904)

= Persicaria rigidula (E.Sheld.) Greene; Leaflets Bot. Obs. 1: 24, 39 (1904)

= Persicaria rothrockii Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 45 (1904)

= Persicaria spectabilis Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 37 (1904), nom. illeg.

= Persicaria subcoriacea Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 30 (1904)

= Persicaria tanaophylla Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 2: 226 (1912)

= Persicaria vestita Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 38 (1904)

= Persicaria villosula Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 49 (1904)

= Persicaria wardii Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 40 (1904)

= Polygonum aboriginum (Greene) Fedde; Bot. Jahresber. [Just] 32(1): 417 (1905)

= Polygonum abscissum (Greene) Fedde; Bot. Jahresber. [Just] 32(1): 417 (1905)

= Polygonum alismifolium (Greene) Fedde; Bot. Jahresber. [Just] 32(1): 417 (1905)

= Polygonum ammophilum (Greene) Fedde; Bot. Jahresber. [Just] 32(1): 417 (1905)

= Polygonum amphibium f. fluitans (Eaton) Fernald; Rhodora 48: 49 (1946)

= Polygonum amphibium f. hartwrightii (A.Gray) S.F.Blake; Rhodora 15: 164 (1913)

= Polygonum amphibium f. hirtuosum Farw.; Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 1: 93 (1923)

= Polygonum amphibium f. simile Fernald; Rhodora 48: 49 (1946)

= Polygonum amphibium subsp. laevimarginatum Hultén; Acta Univ. Lund., ser. 2, 40(1): 612 (1944)

= Polygonum amphibium subvar. hartwrightii (A.Gray) Farw.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 11: 53 (1928)

= Polygonum amphibium subvar. hirtuosum (Farw.) Farw.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 11: 54 (1928)

= Polygonum amphibium subvar. rigidulum Farw.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 11: 54 (1928)

= Polygonum amphibium subvar. terreum Farw.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 11: 53 (1928)

= Polygonum amphibium var. hartwrightii (A.Gray) Bissell; Rhodora 4: 105 (1902)

= Polygonum amphibium var. longispicatum Peck; Rep. (Annual) Regents Univ. State New York New York State Mus. 46: 129 (1893)

= Polygonum amphibium var. marginatum Farw.; Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 21: 365 (1920)

= Polygonum amphibium var. natans Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 240 (1803), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum amphibium var. stipulaceum N.Coleman; Cat. Fl. Pl. S. Pen. Michigan: 32 (1874)

= Polygonum arenicola Suksd.; Werdenda 1: 8 (1923)

= Polygonum asclepiadeum (Greene) Fedde; Bot. Jahresber. [Just] 32(1): 417 (1905)

= Polygonum canadense (Greene) Fedde; Bot. Jahresber. [Just] 32(1): 417 (1905)

= Polygonum chelanicum (Greene) Fedde; Bot. Jahresber. [Just] 32(1): 417 (1905)

= Polygonum coccineum f. natans (Wiegand) Stanford; Rhodora 27: 164 (1925)

= Polygonum coccineum f. terrestre (Willd.) Stanford; Rhodora 27: 162 (1925)

= Polygonum coccineum Muhl. ex Willd.; Enum. Pl.: 428 (1809)

= Polygonum coccineum var. aquaticum Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 271 (1813)

= Polygonum coccineum var. asprellum Fedde; Bot. Jahresber. [Just] 32(1): 417 (1905)

= Polygonum coccineum var. rigidulum (E.Sheld.) Stanford; Rhodora 27: 165 (1925)

= Polygonum coccineum var. terrestre Willd.; Enum. Pl. 1: 428 (1809)

= Polygonum covillei (Greene) Fedde; Bot. Jahresber. [Just] 32(1): 417 (1905)

= Polygonum cusickii (Greene) Fedde; Bot. Jahresber. [Just] 32(1): 417 (1905)

= Polygonum fistulosum (Greene) Fedde; Bot. Jahresber. [Just] 32(1): 417 (1905)

= Polygonum fluitans Eaton; Man. Bot. (A. Eaton), ed. 5. 338 (1829), et ed. 6. 274 (1833)

= Polygonum fluitans f. hartwrightii (A.Gray) G.N.Jones; Amer. Midl. Naturalist, Monogr. 5: 124 (1950)

= Polygonum franciscanum (Greene) Fedde; Bot. Jahresber. [Just] 32(1): 417 (1905)

= Polygonum grandifolium (Greene) Fedde; Bot. Jahresber. [Just] 32(1): 417 (1905)

= Polygonum hartwrightii A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 8: 294 (1870)

= Polygonum hesperium (Greene) Fedde; Bot. Jahresber. [Just] 32(1): 417 (1905)

= Polygonum homalostachyum (Greene) Fedde; Bot. Jahresber. [Just] 32(1): 417 (1905)

= Polygonum insigne (Greene) Fedde; Bot. Jahresber. [Just] 32(1): 417 (1905)

= Polygonum inundatum Raf.; Med. Repos., ser. 2, 5: 359 (1808)

= Polygonum iowense (Rydb.) Cratty; Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 39: 87 (1932)

= Polygonum laetevirens (Greene) Fedde; Bot. Jahresber. [Just] 32(1): 417 (1905)

= Polygonum langloisii (Greene) Fedde; Bot. Jahresber. [Just] 32(1): 417 (1905)

= Polygonum laurinum (Greene) Fedde; Bot. Jahresber. [Just] 32(1): 417 (1905)

= Polygonum lonchophyllum (Greene) Fedde; Bot. Jahresber. [Just] 32(1): 417 (1905)

= Polygonum mesochorum (Greene) Fedde; Bot. Jahresber. [Just] 32(1): 417 (1905)

= Polygonum muriculatum (Greene) Fedde; Bot. Jahresber. [Just] 32(1): 417 (1905)

= Polygonum natans (Michx.) Eaton; Man. Bot. (A. Eaton), ed. 3. 400 (-401) (1822), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum natans f. hartwrightii (A.Gray) Stanford; Rhodora 27: 89 (1925)

= Polygonum natans var. insigne (Greene) Stanford; Rhodora 27: 162 (1925)

= Polygonum novae-angliae (Greene) Fedde; Bot. Jahresber. [Just] 32(1): 417 (1905)

= Polygonum ophiophilum (Greene) Fedde; Bot. Jahresber. [Just] 32(1): 417 (1905)

= Polygonum oreganum (Greene) Fedde; Bot. Jahresber. [Just] 32(1): 417 (1905)

= Polygonum otophyllum (Greene) Fedde; Bot. Jahresber. [Just] 32(1): 417 (1905)

= Polygonum plantagineum (Greene) Fedde; Bot. Jahresber. [Just] 32(1): 417 (1905)

= Polygonum plattense (Greene) Fedde; Bot. Jahresber. [Just] 32(1): 417 (1905)

= Polygonum porteri (Greene) Fedde; Bot. Jahresber. [Just] 32(1): 417 (1905)

= Polygonum propinquum (Greene) Fedde; Bot. Jahresber. [Just] 32(1): 417 (1905), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum psychrophilum (Greene) Fedde; Bot. Jahresber. [Just] 32(1): 417 (1905)

= Polygonum purpuratum (Greene) Fedde; Bot. Jahresber. [Just] 32(1): 417 (1905), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum remotum (Greene) Fedde; Bot. Jahresber. [Just] 32(1): 417 (1905)

= Polygonum rigidulum E.Sheld.; Minnes. Bot. Stud. 1: 14, t. 1 (1894)

= Polygonum rigidulum Gand.; Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 1: 90 (1882)

= Polygonum rothrockii (Greene) Fedde; Bot. Jahresber. [Just] 32(1): 417 (1905)

= Polygonum subcoriaceum (Greene) Fedde; Bot. Jahresber. [Just] 32(1): 417 (1905)

= Polygonum vestitum (Greene) Fedde; Bot. Jahresber. [Just] 32(1): 417 (1905)

= Polygonum villosulum (Greene) Fedde; Bot. Jahresber. [Just] 32(1): 417 (1905)

= Polygonum wardii (Greene) Fedde; Bot. Jahresber. [Just] 32(1): 417 (1905)

species :

Persicaria angustifolia (Pall.) Ronse Decr.; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 98: 367 (1988)

Distribution: Siberia (Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk); Russian Far East (Amur, Magadan [I]); ?Kazakhstan; China (Hebei, Heilongjiang, Nei Mongol); Mongolia

30 SIB 31 RFE 36 CHI 37 MON

Synonyms: hidden

= Aconogonon angustifolium (Pall.) H.Hara; Fl. E. Himalaya. 631 (1966), in adnot.

= Koenigia angustifolia (Pall.) Chepinoga; Botanica Pacifica 12(2): 127 (2023)

= Pleuropteropyrum angustifolium (Pall.) Kitag.; Rep. Inst. Sci. Research Chinese Manchuria 1: 295 (1937)

= Polygonum acidulum Willd.; Enum. Pl. [Willdenow] 429 (1809)

= Polygonum alpinum var. angustissimum Turcz.

= Polygonum angustifolium Pall.; Reise Russ. Reich. 3: 230 (1776)

= Polygonum angustifolium var. pilosum M.M.Ivanova; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 65(2): 278 (1980)

= Polygonum divaricatum f. glabrum Meisn.

= Polygonum divaricatum var. acidulum Meisn.

= Polygonum divaricatum var. glabrum Meisn.; Monogr. Polyg.: 57 (1826)

= Polygonum polymorphum f. glabrum Ledeb.

= Polygonum polymorphum var. angustissimum Korsh.

= Polygonum salignum Willd.; Enum. Pl.: 430 (1809)

species :

Persicaria arifolia (L.) Haraldson; Symb. Bot. Upsal. 22(2): 72 (1978)

Name: Halberdleaf tearthumb

Distribution: India [I] (Meghalaya [I], Sikkim [I], West Bengal [I]); Canada (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Quebec); USA (Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, Washington State, West Virginia, Wisconsin)

40 ind 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum arifolium L.; Sp. Pl. 364 (1753)

= Polygonum arifolium var. lentiforme Fernald & Griscom; Rhodora 37: 167 (1935)

= Polygonum arifolium var. pubescens (R.Keller) Fernald; Rhodora 48: 53 (1946)

= Polygonum sagittatum var. pubescens R.Keller; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 30(2): 45 (1891)

= Tasoba arifolia (L.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 94 (1836)

= Tracaulon arifolium (L.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 13 (1836)

= Tracaulon arifolium var. lentiforme (Fernald & Griscom) Moldenke; Boissiera 7: 4 (1943)

= Tracaulon arifolium var. pubescens (R.Keller) Mohlenbr.; Vasc. Fl. Illinois 293 (2015)

= Truellum arifolium (L.) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 145 (1974)

species :

Persicaria assamica (Meisn.) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 152 (1974)

Distribution: China (Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan); NE-India (Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland); Bangladesh; Myanmar

36 CHI 40 BAN IND 41 MYA

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum assamicum Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 111 (1856)

species :

Persicaria attenuata (R.Br.) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 152 (1974)

Distribution: Lesser Sunda Isl.; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, South Australia, Queensland, New South Wales); Vanuatu [I]

42 LSI NWG 50 AUS 60 van

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum articulatum R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland: 420 (1810), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum australe Spreng.; Syst. Veg. ed. 16. 2: 258 (1825), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum brownii F.Dietr.; Nachtr. Vollst. Lex. Gärtn. 6: 444 (1820)

species :

Persicaria barbata (L.) H.Hara; Fl. E. Himalaya. 70 (1966)

Distribution: Sudan; South Sudan; +Soqotra [I]; Madagascar; Iran (S-Iran); Saudi Arabia; N-Yemen; China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; Pakistan (Sind, Baluchistan, Waziristan, N. W. Frontier Prov., Hazara, Pakistani Punjab); Nepal; Bhutan; India (throughout the hotter parts of India); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Andaman Isl. (South Andamans); Nicobar Isl. (Car Nicobar Isl., North Nicobars, Central Nicobars, Great Nicobar Isl., Little Nicobar Isl.); Myanmar (Bago, Magway, Mandalay); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; Sumatra; Borneo; Philippines (Luzon to Mindanao); Java; Lesser Sunda Isl.; Moluccas; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland); Vanuatu [I]

24 soc SSU SUD 29 MDG 34 IRN 35 SAU YEM 36 CHI 38 NNS TAI 40 BAN BHU IND NEP PAK SRL 41 AND CBD LAO MYA NCB THA VIE 42 BOR JAW LSI MOL NWG PHI SUM 50 AUS 60 van

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria barbata var. hirtella (Meisn.) M.A.Hassan; Bangladesh J. Pl. Taxon. 3: 81 (1996)

= Persicaria kotoshoensis (Ohki) Sasaki; List Pl. Formos. 169 (1928)

= Persicaria omerostroma (Ohki) Sasaki; List Pl. Formos. 170 (1928)

= Persicaria roettleri (Roth) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 14: 74 (1938)

= Pogalis barbata (L.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 15 (1836)

= Polygonum barbatum L.; Sp. Pl. 362 (1753)

= Polygonum barbatum var. corymbosum Roth; Nov. Pl. Sp.: 206 (1821)

= Polygonum erythrodes Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. Suppl. 365 (1861)

= Polygonum fissum Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 532 (1826)

= Polygonum fluviatile Buch.-Ham. ex Endl.; Gen. Suppl. 4(2): 47 (1848), et ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 37 (1886)

= Polygonum gramineum Noronha; Verh. Batav. Gen. 5: ed. 1, Art. IV. 25 (1790), nomen

= Polygonum kotoshoense Ohki; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 39: 262 (1925)

= Polygonum luxurians Danser; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, sér. 3, 8: 198 (1927)

= Polygonum manoraene Buch.-Ham. ex Endl.; Gen. Suppl. 4(2): 47 (1848)

= Polygonum marmoramae Herb.Ham. ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 37 (1886)

= Polygonum omerostromum Ohki; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 39: 262 (1925)

= Polygonum raptae Herb.Buch.-Ham. ex Endl.; Gen. Suppl. 4(2): 47 (1848)

= Polygonum rivulare J.Koenig ex Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 29 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 2: 290 (1824)

= Polygonum roettleri Roth; Nov. Pl. Sp.: 205 (1821)

= Polygonum stoloniferum Blanco; Fl. Filip. ed. 1, 314 (1837)

= Polygonum strigillosum Zipp. ex Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 57 (1865)

variant :

var. gracilis (Danser) H.Hara; Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal 3: 175 (1982)

Distribution: China; Nepal; Bhutan; Myanmar (Mandalay, Shan); Thailand; peninsular Malaysia; Singapore [I]

36 CHI 40 BHU NEP 41 MYA THA 42 MLY sng

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria barbata subsp. gracilis (Danser) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 152 (1974)

= Polygonum barbatum subsp. gracile Danser; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, sér. 3, 8: 146 (1927)

= Polygonum barbatum var. gracile (Danser) Steward; Contr. Gray Herb. 88: 55 (1930)

variant :

var. nicobarica (R.C.Srivast.) S.S.Dash & Bhaumik; Fl. Pl. India Annot. Checkl. 2: 403 (2020)

Distribution: Nicobar Isl. (Great Nicobar Isl., Little Nicobar Isl.)

41 NCB

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum barbatum var. nicobaricum R.C.Srivast.; Vijnana Parishad anusandhana patrika 51: 70 (2008)

species :

Persicaria biconvexa (Hayata) Nemoto; Fl. Jap. Suppl. 169 (1936)

Distribution: Taiwan; Sumatra

38 TAI 42 SUM

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum biconvexum Hayata; J. Coll. Sci. Tokyo 25: Art. 19, 184 (1908)

= Polygonum hastatotrilobum var. lenticulare Danser; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, sér. 3, 8: 227 (1926)

= Polygonum thunbergii f. biconvexum (Hayata) T.S.Liu, S.S.Ying & M.J.Lai; Fl. Taiwan 2: 284 (1976)

= Truellum biconvexum (Hayata) Soják; Preslia. 46(2): 145 (1974)

species :

Persicaria bicornis (Raf.) Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 201 (1914)

Distribution: USA (Arkansas, Colorado, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Missouri, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, Wyoming); Mexico (Michoacan)

73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Dioctis bicorne (Raf.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 15 (1836)

= Persicaria longistyla (Small) Small; Fl. S. E. U. S. 377 (1903)

= Polygonum bicorne Raf.; Fl. Ludov. 29 (1817)

= Polygonum longistylum Small; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 21: 165 (1894), et Monogr. N. Am. Polygon. (Mem. Bot. Columb. Coll. i.) (1895) 78, t. 26

species :

Persicaria borneensis (Meisn.) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 152 (1974)

Distribution: Borneo

42 BOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum borneense Meisn.; Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 2: 58 (1865)

species :

Persicaria breviochreata (Makino) Ohki; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 40: 53 (1926)

Distribution: South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)

38 JAP KOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria ramosa Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 44: 518 (1930)

= Polygonum breviochreatum Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 17: 117 (1903)

= Polygonum muricatum Maxim. ex Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 17: 117 (1903)

= Truellum breviochreatum (Makino) Soják; Preslia. 46(2): 145 (1974)

species :

Persicaria bungeana (Turcz.) Nakai ex Mori; Mori, Enum. Pl. Cor. 131 (1922)

Name: Bunge´s smartweed (EN), Bunge-Knöterich (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Primorye); China (Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shandong, Shanxi); Mongolia; North Korea; Japan [I] (Honshu [I]); USA [I] (Illinois [I], Iowa [I], Minnesota [I])

11 ger 31 RFE 36 CHI 37 MON 38 jap NKO 74 usa 75 usa

Synonyms: hidden

= Amblygonum bungeanum (Turcz.) P.D.Sell; Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland 1: 686 (2018)

= Polygonum bungeanum Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 77 (1840)

= Polygonum chanetii H.Lév.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 54: 370 (1907)

species :

Persicaria capitata (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) H.Gross; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 49: 277 (1913)

Name: Pinkhead smartweed (EN); Köpfchen-Knöterich (DE); Nudosilla (ES)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Portugal [I]; Spain [I]; France [I]; Monaco [I]; Channel Isl. [I]; Greece [I]; Azores [I] (Sao Miguel Isl. [I], Terceira [I], Sao Jorge [I], Pico [I], Faial [I]); Madeira [I] (Madeira Isl. [I]); Canary Isl. [I] (La Palma [I], La Gomera [I], Tenerife [I]); D.R.Congo [Zaire] [I]; Angola [I]; Zimbabwe [I]; South Africa [I] (Mpulamanga [I]); Eswatini [Swaziland] [I]; St. Helena [I]; Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet; Pakistan (Hazara); Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Sikkim); Sri Lanka; Myanmar (Kachin, Sagaing); Thailand; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Perak [I], Pahang); Australia [I] (South Australia [I], New South Wales [I]); New Zealand [I]; Guam [I]; Hawaii [I] (East Maui [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); USA [I] (California [I], Louisiana [I], Oregon [I]); Mexico [I]; Costa Rica [I]; Colombia [I]; Venezuela [I]; Brazil [I]

11 ger 12 cis fra mco por spa 13 grc 21 azo cny mdr 23 zai 26 ang zim 27 saf swz 28 sth 29 mau reu 36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP PAK SRL 41 MYA THA VIE 42 MLY 50 aus 51 nzl 62 gum 63 haw 73 usa 76 usa 78 usa 79 mex 80 cos 82 clm ven 84 bra

Synonyms: hidden

= Cephalophilon capitatum (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 24: 76 (1987)

= Polygonum capitatum Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don; Prodr. Fl. Nepal.: 73 (1825)

= Polygonum capitatum var. macilentum (Meisn.) Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 130 (1856)

= Polygonum capitatum var. pingue (Meisn.) Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 129 (1856)

= Polygonum repens Meisn.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 1699 (1830)

= Polygonum repens var. macilentum Meisn.; Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 60 (1832)

= Polygonum repens var. pingue Meisn.; Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 60 (1832)

= Polygonum robynsii De Wild.; Pl. Bequaert. 5: 261 (1931)

= Truellum capitatum (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) P.D.Sell; Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland 1: 687 (2018)

species :

Persicaria careyi (Olney) Greene; Leaflets Bot. Obs. 1: 24 (1904)

Name: Carey´s smartweed

Distribution: Canada (New Brunswick, Ontario, Quebec); USA (Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, Wisconsin)

72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum careyi Olney; Rhode Isl. Pl. 29, et ex A. Gray, Man. Bot. N. U. St. ed. 1, 386 (1847)

= Polygonum careyi var. punctatum N.Coleman; Cat. Fl. Pl. S. Pen. Michigan: 33 (1874)

species :

Persicaria celebica (Danser) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 153 (1974)

Distribution: Sulawesi

42 SUL

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum celebicum Danser; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. Ser. III. 8: 165 (1927)

species :

Persicaria changhuaensis H.W.Zhang & X.F.Jin; Nordic J. Bot. 35(3): 339 (2017)

Distribution: China (Zhejiang)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum changhuaense (H.W.Zhang & X.F.Jin) Y.F.Lu, H.W.Zhang & X.F.Jin; J. Hangzhou Univ., Nat. Sci. Ed. 18(1): 3 (2019)

species :

Persicaria chinensis (L.) H.Gross; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 49: 269 (1913)

Distribution: La Réunion [I]; China (Anhui, Fujian, S-Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, S-Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Tibet; South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim, Uttarakhand); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Myanmar (Ayeyarwady, Bago, Kachin, Mandalay, Yangon, Shin, Taninthayi); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Pahang); Singapore [I]; Sumatra; Borneo; Sulawesi; Philippines (Batan to Mindanao); Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, etc.); Moluccas; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Hawaii [I] (windward Isl. [I]); Jamaica [I]

29 reu 36 CHI TIB 38 JAP KOR NNS TAI 40 BAN BHU IND NEP SRL 41 CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 BOR LSI MLY MOL NWG PHI sng SUL SUM 63 haw 81 jam

Synonyms: hidden

= Ampelygonum chinense (L.) Lindl.; Bot. Reg. (1838) Misc. 62

= Ampelygonum chinense var. thunbergianum (Meisn.) Masam.; Sci. Rep. Kanazawa Univ., Biol. 2(2): 83 (1954)

= Ampelygonum salarkhanii Hassan; Bangladesh J. Bot. 20(2): 245 (1991)

= Ampelygonum umbellatum (Houtt.) Masam.; Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 28: 235 (1938)

= Cephalophilon chinense (L.) Borodina; Konsp. Sosud. Rast. Fl. V´etnama 2: 145 (1996)

= Coccoloba asiatica Lour.; Fl. Cochinch.: 239 (1790)

= Coccoloba crispata Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.; Fl. Ind. [Carey & Wallich ed.] 2: 292 (1824)

= Coccoloba indica Wight ex Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 131 (1856)

= Persicaria auriculata (Meisn.) S.K.Dixit, Datt & G.P.Roy; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 15(2): 312 (1991)

= Persicaria chinensis (L.) Nakai; Rigakkai 24: 298 (1926), isonym

= Persicaria chinensis var. brachiata (Poir.) H.Hara; Fl. E. Himal.: 71 (1966)

= Persicaria chinensis var. siamensis H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 496 (1913)

= Persicaria chinensis var. thunbergiana (Meisn.) Okuyama; Col. Ill. Wild. Pl. Japan 7(index): 59 (1963)

= Persicaria umbellata (Houtt.) Nakai; Rigakkai 24: No. 4. 10 (1926)

= Polygonum adenopodum Sam.; Hand.-Mazz. Symbolae Sinicae, Pt. 7, 181 (1929)

= Polygonum adenotrichum Griff.; Rep. Bot. Gard. Calc. 39 (1843)

= Polygonum asiaticum (Lour.) B.D.Jacks.; Index Kew. 1: 573 (1893)

= Polygonum auriculatum Meisn.; Monogr. Polyg. 59. t. 6 (1826)

= Polygonum brachiatum Poir.; Lam., Encycl. 4: 15 (1797)

= Polygonum chinense L.; Sp. Pl. 363 (1753)

= Polygonum chinense var. brachiata (Poir.) Gage; Rec. Bot. Surv. India 2: 409 (1903), isonym

= Polygonum chinense var. brachiatum (Poir.) Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14(1): 131 (1856)

= Polygonum chinense var. corymbosum Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 5: 52 (1886)

= Polygonum chinense var. parvifolium Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 5: 52 (1886)

= Polygonum chinense var. procumbens Z.E.Zhao & J.R.Zhao; J. Wuhan Bot. Res. 25(6): 561 (2007)

= Polygonum chinense var. subhastatum Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 5: 52 (1886)

= Polygonum chinense var. thunbergianum Meisn.; Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 60 (1832)

= Polygonum corymbosum var. asperum Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 11: 534 (1826)

= Polygonum corymbosum var. densiflorum Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 11: 534 (1826)

= Polygonum corymbosum var. puberum Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 11: 534 (1826)

= Polygonum corymbosum var. subhastatum Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 11: 534 (1826)

= Polygonum corymbosum Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willd.] 2(1): 452 (1799)

= Polygonum crispatum C.B.Clarke; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 15: 138 (1876)

= Polygonum cymosum Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. (88) (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 2: 289 (1824), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum densiflorum Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 533 (1826)

= Polygonum ovatum B.Heyne ex Roth; Nov. Pl. Sp.: 206 (1821)

= Polygonum panduriforme Buch.-Ham. ex Endl.; Gen. Pl., Suppl. 4(2): 48 (1848)

= Polygonum patens D.Don; Prod. Fl. Nep. 73 (1825)

= Polygonum polycephalum Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 1707 (1829), nom. inval.

= Polygonum sinense J.F.Gmel.; Syst. 639 (1791)

= Polygonum umbellatum (Houtt.) Koidz.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 8: 51 (1939)

= Polygonum zonulatum Noronha; Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunsten 5(4): 23 (1790), nomen

= Rumex umbellatus Houtt.; Handleid. 8: 414 (1777)

variant :

var. hispida (Hook.f.) Kantachot; Thai Forest Bull., Bot. 38: 135 (2010)

Distribution: China (Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan); India (Meghalaya, Nagaland); Myanmar (Chin); Laos

36 CHI 40 IND 41 LAO MYA

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum chinense f. hispidum (Hook.f.) Sam.; Hand.-Mazz., Symb. Sin. 7: 180 (1929)

= Polygonum chinense var. hispidum Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 5: 45 (1886)

variant :

var. nicobarica (R.C.Srivast.) S.S.Dash & Bhaumik; Fl. Pl. India Annot. Checkl. 2: 403 (2020)

Distribution: Nicobar Isl.

41 NCB

Synonyms: hidden

= Polyginum chinense var. nicobarica R.C.Srivast.; Vigyan Parishad Anusandhan Patrika (CSIR) 51: 71 (2008)

variant :

var. ovalifolia (Meisn.) H.Hara; Fl. E. Himalaya 71 (1966)

Distribution: China (?Guizhou, Yunnan); Tibet; Nepal; India (Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand); Bangladesh; Thailand; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia; Sumatra; S-Japan

36 CHI TIB 38 JAP 40 BAN IND NEP 41 THA VIE 42 MLY SUM

Synonyms: hidden

= Ampelygonum malaicum (Danser) M.A.Hassan; Bangladesh J. Bot. 22(1): 4 (1993)

= Cephalophilon malaicum (Danser) Borodina; Konsp. Sosud. Rast. Fl. V´etnama 2: 145 (1996)

= Persicaria malaica (Danser) Galasso; Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Milano 150(1): 135 (2009)

= Polygonum chinense var. malaicum (Danser) Steward; Contr. Gray Herb. 88: 73 (1930)

= Polygonum chinense var. ovalifolium Meisn.; Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 60 (1832)

= Polygonum malaicum Danser; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. Ser. III. 8: 218 (1927)

species :

Persicaria clivorum Seriz.; Shidekobushi 2(1): 10 (2011)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Persicaria criopolitana (Hance) Yonek. & H.Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 72(3): 159 (1997)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Zhejiang)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum criopolitanum Hance; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., ser. 5, 5: 238 (1866)

species :

Persicaria debilis (Meisn.) H.Gross ex W.Lee; Lin. Fl. Koreae: 220 (1996)

Distribution: South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)

38 JAP KOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria thunbergii var. coreana (H.Lév.) Nakai; Rep. Veg. Daisetsusan: 12, 17 (1930)

= Persicaria triangularis (Meisn.) Nakai; Rigakkai 29(4): p. 12 (1926)

= Persicaria triangularis var. glandulosa Honda; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 59: 15 (1946)

= Polygonum debile f. purpurea N.Yonez.; J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. 33: 56 (1985)

= Polygonum debile Meisn.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 63 (1865)

= Polygonum debilis f. purpurea N.Yonez.; J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. 33(1): 56 (1985)

= Polygonum thunbergii var. coreanum H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8: 171 (1910)

= Truellum debile (Meisn.) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 145 (1974)

species :

Persicaria decipiens (R.Br.) K.L.Wilson; Telopea 3(2): 178 (1988)

Distribution: Philippines (Luzon); New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Australia (Queensland, New South Wales, Western Australia); Norfolk Isl.; New Zealand; Chatham Isl.

42 NWG PHI 50 AUS NFK 51 CTM NZL

Remarks: the very similar P. salicifolia (Willd.) Assenov is sometimes included here, P. decipiens would have priority

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria minor subsp. decipiens (R.Br.) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 154 (1974)

= Polygonum decipiens R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland: 420 (1810)

= Polygonum minus subsp. decipiens (R.Br.) Danser; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, sér. 3, 8: 178 (1927)

= Polygonum minus var. decipiens (R.Br.) Hook.f.; (1864)

= Polygonum mite var. serrulatum Hook.f.; Fl. Tasman. 2: xlvi (1859), nomen

species :

Persicaria dichotoma (Blume) Masam.; Sci. Rep. Kanazawa Univ., Biol. 2(2): 82 (1954)

Distribution: Guinea [I]; Madagascar; China (Fujian, Guangdong, ?Guangxi, Hainan, ?Hubei); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; Bhutan; India (Assam, Nagaland, Tamil Nadu); Bangladesh; Myanmar; Thailand; Laos; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia; Sumatra; Borneo; Philippines (Luzon, Mindoro, Mindanao); Java; New Guinea [I]; Australia (Queensland, New South Wales); Fiji [I]; Society Isl. (Tahiti, Raiatea)

22 gui 29 MDG 36 CHI 38 NNS TAI 40 BAN BHU IND 41 LAO MYA THA VIE 42 BOR JAW MLY nwg PHI SUM 50 AUS 60 fij 61 SCI

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria clarkei (C.W.Park) Galasso; Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Milano 150(1): 136 (2009)

= Persicaria dichotoma (Blume) S.K.Dixit, Datt & G.P.Roy; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 15(2): 313 (1991), isonym

= Persicaria peduncularis (Wall. ex Meisn.) H.Gross; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 49(2): 308 (1913)

= Persicaria peduncularis (Wall. ex Meisn.) Nemoto; Fl. Jap. Suppl. 174 (1936)

= Polygonum clarkei C.W.Park; Brittonia 38(3): 217 (1986), nom. nov.

= Polygonum dichotomum Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 529 (1826)

= Polygonum glabratum Meisn.; Wall., Numer. List [Wallich] no. 6285 (1832), nom. inval.

= Polygonum ooagariensis Masam.; Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Taiwan 31: 271 (1941)

= Polygonum pedunculare Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 1718 (1830) ex Meisn., Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 133 (1856)

= Polygonum strigosum var. pedunculare (Wall. ex Meisn.) Steward; Contr. Gray Herb. 88: 91 (1930)

= Polygonum tairae Ohwi; J. Jap. Bot. 13: 335 (1937)

= Polygonum tetragonum Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 535 (1826)

= Spermaulaxen dichotomus (Blume) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 14 (1836), New Fl. Am. 3: 42 (1836)

= Tracaulon pedunculare (Wall. ex Meisn.) Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 22 (1904)

= Tracaulon tetragonum (Blume) Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 22 (1904)

= Truellum dichotomum (Blume) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 145 (1974)

variant :

var. angustissima (Hook.f.) C.R.Jadhav & Lakshmin.; Fl. Maharashtra State, Dicot. 2: 804 (2001)

Distribution: India (Bihar, Goa, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu)

40 IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria dichotoma var. angustissima (Hook.f.) Shao F.Chen & Bo Li; Phytotaxa 224(2): 197 (2015)

= Persicaria strigosa var. angustissima (Hook.f.) M.R.Almeida; Fl. Maharashtra 4A: 231 (2003)

= Polygonum dichotomum var. angustissimum (Hook.f.) C.W.Park; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 1 47: 75 (1988), isonym

= Polygonum dichotomum var. angustissimum (Hook.f.) V.Chandras.; Fl. Tamil Nadu 2: 197 (1987)

= Polygonum pedunculare var. angustissimum Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 5: 48 (1886)

= Polygonum strigosum var. angustissimum (Hook.f.) Bole & M.R.Almeida; J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 86: 177 (1989)

variant :

var. assamica (Hook.f.) S.S.Dash & Bhaumik; Fl. Pl. India Annot. Checkl. 2: 403 (2020)

Distribution: India (Assam, Meghalaya)

40 IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum dichotomum var. assamicum (Hook.f.) R.C.Srivast.; Indian Forester 133(2): 271 (2007)

= Polygonum pedunculare var. assamicum Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. lndia 5: 48 (1886)

variant :

var. nilagarica (Hook.f.) S.S.Dash & Bhaumik; Fl. Pl. India Annot. Checkl. 2: 403 (2020)

Distribution: India (Tamil Nadu)

40 IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum dichotomum var. nilagiricum (Hook.f.) R.C.Srivast.; Indian Forester 133(2): 271 (2007), isonym

= Polygonum dichotomum var. nilagiricum (Hook.f.) V.Chandras.; A. N. Henry, Kumari & Chithra, Fl. Tamil Nadu, India, Ser. 1, 2: 198 (1987)

= Polygonum pedunculare var. nilagiricum Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 5: 48 (1886)

variant :

var. robusta (Hook.f.) S.S.Dash & Bhaumik; Fl. Pl. India Annot. Checkl. 2: 403 (2020)

Distribution: India (Tamil Nadu)

40 IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum dichotomum var. robustum (Hook.f.) R.C.Srivast.; Indian Forester 133(2): 272 (2007), isonym

= Polygonum dichotomum var. robustum (Hook.f.) V.Chandras.; A. N. Henry, Kumari & Chithra, Fl. Tamil Nadu, India, Ser. 1, 2: 198 (1987)

= Polygonum pedunculare var. robustum Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 5: 48 (1886)

species :

Persicaria diospyrifolia (Cham. & Schltdl.) Funez & Hassemer; Nordic J. Bot. 36(1-2)-e01631: 6 (2017)

Distribution: SE-Brazil (São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Paraná)

84 BRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum diospyrifolium Cham. & Schltdl.; Linnaea 3: 47 (1828)

species :

Persicaria dissitiflora (Hemsl.) H.Gross ex T.Mori; Enum. Pl. Corea 131 (1922)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Khabarovsk, Primorye); China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang); North Korea; South Korea; Vietnam

31 RFE 36 CHI 38 KOR NKO 41 VIE

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria dissitiflora var. fauriei (H.Lév. & Vaniot) Migo; J. Shanghai Sci. Inst. 14: 127 (1944)

= Persicaria fauriei (H.Lév. & Vaniot) Nakai; Mori, Enum. Pl. Cor. 131 (1922)

= Polygonum dissitiflorum Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc. 26: 338 (1891)

= Polygonum fauriei H.Lév. & Vaniot; Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 51: 423 (1904)

= Polygonum glanduliferum Nakai; J. Coll. Sci. Tokyo 23: Art. 11, 20 (1908)

= Truellum dissitiflorum (Hemsl.) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 24: 76 (1987)

species :

Persicaria eciliata M.A.Hassan; Bangladesh J. Pl. Taxon. 3(2): 87 (1996)

Distribution: Bangladesh (Rangamari distr.)

40 BAN

species :

Persicaria elatior (R.Br.) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 153 (1974)

Distribution: Australia (Queensland, New South Wales)

50 AUS

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum elatius R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland 419 (1810)

species :

Persicaria erectominor (Makino) Nakai; Rigakkai 24: 300 (1926)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria erectominor f. viridiflora (Nakai) I.Ito; J. Jap. Bot. 31: 177 (1956)

= Persicaria trigonocarpa var. viridiflora Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 45: 116 (1931)

= Polygonum erectominus Makino; Bot Mag., Tokyo 28: 110 (1911)

species :

Persicaria extremiorientalis (Vorosch.) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 24: 75 (1987)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Khabarovsk, Kuril Isl., Primorye, Sakhalin); South Korea; Ryukyu Isl.; Volcano Isl. (Iwojima)

31 RFE 38 KOR KZN NNS

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria maculosa subsp. hirticaulis (Danser) S.Ekman & Knutsson; Nordic J. Bot. 16(1): 5 (1996)

= Persicaria maculosa var. pubescens (Makino) Yonek.; Fl. Jap. (Iwatsuki et al., eds.) 2a: 171 (2006)

= Persicaria mitis var. hirticaulis (Danser) H.Hara & I.Ito; J. Jap. Bot. 31: 220 (1956)

= Persicaria mitis var. pubescens (Makino) Hiyama; J. Jap. Bot. 37: 30 (1962)

= Polygonum extremiorientale Vorosch.; Byull. Glavn. Bot. Sada (Moscow), 130: 35 (1984)

= Polygonum persicaria subsp. hirticaulis Danser; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, sér. 3, 8: 184 (1927)

= Polygonum persicaria var. pubescens Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 7: 17 (1931)

species :

Persicaria ferruginea (Wedd.) Soják; Preslia 46(2). 153 (1974)

Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Tamaulipas, Veracruz); Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Cuba; Dominican Republic; Haiti; Colombia (Amazonas, Antioquia, Bolívar, Chocó, Córdoba, Meta, Valle); Venezuela (Apure, Aragua, Carabobo, Cojedes, Delta Amacuro, Miranda, Portuguesa, Yaracuy); French Guiana; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, Pando, Santa Cruz); N-Brazil (Pará, Amazonas); NE-Brazil (Ceara, Bahia); WC-Brazil (Goiás, Brasilia Distrito Federal, Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo); Paraguay (Central, Concepcion, Cordillera, Paraguari, Pres. Hayes); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Chaco, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Misiones, Santa Fe, Tucuman)

79 MEX 80 COS HON NIC 81 CUB HIS 82 CLM FRG VEN 83 BOL PER 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria spectabilis M.Gómez; Anales Inst. Segunda Enseñ. 2: 278 (1896), non Greene

= Polygonum argentum Brandão & Laca-B.; Daphne 5(1): 5 (1995)

= Polygonum ferrugineum var. incanum (Meisn.) Small; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 19: 359 (1892)

= Polygonum ferrugineum Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. III. 13: 252 (1849)

= Polygonum gummifera Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. III. 13: 252 (1849)

= Polygonum spectabile Mart. ex Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 119 (1856), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum spectabile var. incanum Meisn.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 5(1): 13 (1855)

= Polygonum spectabile var. minor Chodat; Bull. Herb. Boiss. 7, App. 1: 62 (1899)

species :

Persicaria filiformis (Thunb.) Nakai; Mori, Saishu-to Kuan-to Shokubutsu Hokoku-sho [Fl. Quelpaert Isl.]: 41 (1914)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Kuril Isl.); China (Anhui, Fujian, S-Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, S-Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim, West Bengal); Vietnam; Philippines (Mindanao)

31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO NNS TAI 40 BHU IND 41 VIE 42 PHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Antenoron filiforme (Thunb.) Roberty & Vautier; Boissiera 10: 35 (1964)

= Antenoron filiforme f. albiflorum (Hiyama) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 40: 192 (1965)

= Antenoron filiforme f. amabile (Hiyama) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 40: 192 (1965)

= Antenoron filiforme f. smaragdinum (Nakai ex F.Maek.) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 40: 192 (1965)

= Antenoron filiforme f. trichorachis (Hiyama) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 40: 192 (1965)

= Persicaria filiformis f. albiflora (Hiyama) Yonek.; Fl. Jap. (Iwatsuki et al., eds.) 2a: 158 (2006)

= Persicaria virginiana f. albiflora (Hiyama) J.M.H.Shaw; Hanburyana 3: 6 (2008)

= Persicaria virginiana var. filiformis (Thunb.) J.M.H.Shaw; Hanburyana 3: 3 (2008)

= Polygonum apoense Elmer; Leaflets Philipp. Bot. 8: 2796 (1915)

= Polygonum filiforme Thunb.; Fl. Jap. 163 (1784), et Syst. Veg., ed. 14: 377 (1784)

= Polygonum filiforme var. smaragdinum (Nakai ex F.Maek.) Ohwi ex F.Maek.; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 33: 70 (1953)

= Polygonum filiforme var. variegatum Mottet; Rev. Hort. (Paris) 84: 259 (1912)

= Polygonum virginianum f. glabratum Matsuda; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 27: 11 (1913)

= Polygonum virginianum var. filiforme (Thunb.) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 23: 830 (1909)

= Sunania filiformis (Thunb.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 95 (1837)

= Sunania filiformis f. albiflora (Makino ex Hiyama) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 37: 329 (1962)

= Sunania filiformis f. amabilis (Hiyama) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 37: 329 (1962)

= Sunania filiformis f. glabrata (Matsuda) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 37: 329 (1962)

= Sunania filiformis f. smaragdina (Nakai ex F.Maek.) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 37: 329 (1962)

= Sunania filiformis f. trichorachis (Hiyama) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 37: 329 (1962)

= Sunania filiformis f. variegata (Mottet) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 37: 329 (1962)

= Sunania filiformis var. apoensis (Elmer) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 37: 329 (1962)

= Tovara apoensis (Elmer) H.L.Li; Rhodora 54: 25 (1952)

= Tovara filiformis (Thunb.) Nakai; Rigakkai 29: IV. p. 8 (1926)

= Tovara filiformis f. albiflora Makino ex Hiyama; J. Jap. Bot. 17: 319 (1941)

= Tovara filiformis f. amabilis Hiyama; J. Jap. Bot. 37: 329 (1962)

= Tovara filiformis f. trichorachis Hiyama; J. Jap. Bot. 36: 125 (1961)

= Tovara filiformis f. variegata (Mottet) Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 18: 220 (1942)

= Tovara filiformis var. apoensis (Elmer) H.Hara; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 39 (1952)

= Tovara ryukuyuensis Masam.; Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 29: 60 (1939)

= Tovara smaragdina Nakai ex Maek.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 585 (1932)

= Tovara virginiana var. apoensis (Elmer) Steward; Contr. Gray Herb. 5: (1930)

= Tovara virginiana var. filiformis (Thunb.) Steward; Contr. Gray Herb. 5: 14 (1930)

species :

Persicaria foliosa (H.Lindb.) Kitag.; Rep. Inst. Sci. Research Chinese Manchuria 1: 321 (1937)

Distribution: Norway; Sweden; Finland; ?Estonia; N-European Russia; Siberia (Altai, Krasnoyarsk, W-Siberia); Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Magadan, Primorye); China; North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)

10 FIN NOR SWE 14 RUS 30 SIB 31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria foliosa var. nikaii (Makino) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 31: 176 (1956)

= Persicaria nikaii (Makino) Nakai; Rigakkai 24: 300 (1926)

= Polygonum foliosum H.Lindb.; Medded. Soc. Faun. & Fl. Fenn. 27: 3 (1900)

= Polygonum foliosum var. nikaii (Makino) Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 20: 207 (1962)

= Polygonum mariae V.N.Vassil.; Bot. Zhurn. S.S.S.R. 24: 425 (1939)

= Polygonum paludicola var. nikaii Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 28: 114 (1914)

variant :

var. paludicola (Makino) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 31: 176 (1956)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning); South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)

36 CHI 38 JAP KOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria paludicola (Makino) Nakai; Rigakkai 24: 300 (1926)

= Polygonum foliosum var. paludicola (Makino) Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 20: 207 (1962)

= Polygonum paludicola Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 28: 113 (1914)

species :

Persicaria galapagensis (Caruel) Galasso; Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Milano 150(1): 134 (2009)

Distribution: Galapagos

83 GAL

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum galapagense Caruel; Rendic. Acad. Lincei 5: 624 (1889)

species :

Persicaria geocarpica Suyama & K.Ueda; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 63(3): 135 (2013)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez; Anales Inst. Segunda Ensenanza Habana 2: 278 (1896)

Name: Yerba de hicotea, Denseflower knotweed

Distribution: Sudan; Ethiopia; Soqotra; Madagascar; Saudi Arabia; Oman; Yemen (Tihama, Aden Desert, SW-Yemen, W-Yemen); China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; Pakistan (Sind, Kurram, N. W. Frontier Prov., Punjab, Lahore); Nepal; India (Assam, Sikkim, Uttarakhand); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Myanmar (Chin); Thailand; Laos; Vietnam; Philippines (Luzon); New Guinea (Papua New Guinea); Australia (Western Australia, Queensland); Cook Isl. (Rarotonga, Mangaia, Atiu); Hawaii (Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Maui, Hawaii Isl.); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, New Jersey, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia); Mexico (Baja California Sur, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Jalisco, Morelos, Nuevo Leon, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz); Honduras; Nicaragua; Cuba; Jamaica; Dominican Republic; Haiti; Puerto Rico; Antigua; Guadeloupe; Marie-Galante; St. Lucia; Colombia (Córdoba, Valle); Venezuela (Amazonas, Aragua, Carabobo?, Delta Amacuro, Guarico, Merida?, Miranda, Portuguesa, Zulia); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Santa Cruz); Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (São Paulo); Paraguay (Pres. Hayes); Uruguay (Canelones, Colonia, Montevideo, Rio Negro, Rocha, San Jose, Treinta y Tres); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Corrientes, Entre Rios, La Rioja, Salta, Santa Fe, Tucuman)

24 ETH SOC SUD 29 MDG 35 OMA SAU YEM 36 CHI 38 NNS TAI 40 BAN IND NEP PAK SRL 41 LAO MYA THA VIE 42 NWG PHI 50 AUS 61 COO 63 HAW 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 80 HON NIC 81 ABA CUB GDL HIS JAM PUE STL 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU

Synonyms: hidden

= Amblygonum glabrum (Willd.) P.D.Sell; Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland 1: 686 (2018)

= Persicaria densiflora (Meisn.) Moldenke; Torreya 34: 7 (1934)

= Persicaria glabra (Willd.) Borodina; Konsp. Sosud. Rast. Fl. V´etnama 2: 148 (1996), isonym

= Persicaria glabra (Willd.) Nemoto; Rigakkai 24: 300 (1926), isonym

= Persicaria glabra var. scabrinervis (Hook.f.) H.Hara; Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal 3: 176 (1982)

= Persicaria portoricensis (Bertero ex Small) Small; Fl. S. E. U. S. 377 (1903)

= Polygonum acuminatum Meisn.; Monogr. Polyg.: 78 (1826), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum caucanum Fassett; Caldasia 4: 225 (1946)

= Polygonum densiflorum f. ciliolatum (Meisn.) Fassett; Caldasia 4: 226 (1946)

= Polygonum densiflorum f. imberbe (Meisn.) Fassett; Caldasia 4: 226 (1946)

= Polygonum densiflorum Meisn.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 5(2): 13 (1855)

= Polygonum densiflorum var. ciliolatum Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 121 (1856)

= Polygonum densiflorum var. imberbe Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 121 (1856)

= Polygonum glabrum var. caribaeum Griseb.; Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 7: 46 (1857)

= Polygonum glabrum var. scabrinervis Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 5: 34 (1886)

= Polygonum glabrum Willd.; Sp. Pl. 2: 447 (1799)

= Polygonum hippopotami Ehrenb. ex Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 121 (1856)

= Polygonum imberbe Sol. ex G.Forst.; Prod. 90 (1786)

= Polygonum portoricense Bertero ex Small; Mem. Dept. Bot. Columbia Coll. 1: 46 (1895), nom. superfl.

= Polygonum quadrifidum Buch.-Ham. ex Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 122 (1856), nom. inval.

= Polygonum scabrinervium Royle ex Bab.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 18: 101 (1838)

= Polygonum schimperi Vatke ex Engl.; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1891(2): 202 (1892), nomen

= Polygonum serrulatum Spreng.; Syst. Veg. ed. 16. 2: 256 (1825), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum truncatum A.Rich.; R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11: 182 (1850), nom. illeg.

species :

Persicaria glacialis (Meisn.) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 53(5): 134 (1978)

Distribution: China (Gansu, Hebei, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet; Pakistan (Kurram, Astor); Nepal; N-India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, Ladakh)

36 CHI TIB 40 IND NEP PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Cephalophilon glaciale (Meisn.) Qaiser & A.Perveen; Pakistan J. Bot. 43(6): 2765 (2011)

= Persicaria glacialis (Meisn.) Munshi & Javeid; Syst. Stud. Polygonac. Kashmir Himalaya (J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. Addit. Ser. 2): 76 (1986) (isonym

= Polygonum glaciale (Meisn.) Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 5: 41 (1886)

= Polygonum perforatum var. glaciale Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14(1): 128 (1856)

variant :

var. przewalskii (A.K.Skvortsov & Borodina) M.J.Kong & S.P.Hong; Phytotaxa 391(3): 179 (2019)

Distribution: China (Gansu, Hebei, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim)

36 CHI TIB 40 IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum glaciale var. przewalskii (A.K.Skvortsov & Borodina) A.J.Li; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 25(1): 64 (1998)

= Polygonum przewalskii A.K.Skvortsov & Borodina; Rast. Tsentral. Azii 9: 106 (1989)

species :

Persicaria glandulopilosa (De Wild.) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 153 (1974)

Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Angola

23 ZAI 26 ANG

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum glandulopilosum De Wild.; Contrib. Fl. Katanga, Suppl. 3, 108 (1930)

species :

Persicaria glomerata (Dammer) S.Ortiz & Paiva; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 131(2): 171 (1999)

Distribution: Nigeria; W-Cameroon; Congo [Brazzaville]; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Tanzania; Angola; Malawi

22 NGA 23 CMN CON ZAI 25 TAN 26 ANG MLW

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum glomeratum Dammer; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 386 (1919)

= Polygonum pedunculare var. aruwimense De Wild.; Pl. Bequaert. 5: 255 (1931), nomen

= Polygonum pedunculare var. glabrinodum De Wild.; Pl. Bequaert. 5: 258 (1931)

= Truellum glomeratum (Dammer) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 146 (1974)

species :

Persicaria greuteriana Galasso; Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Milano 150(1): 135 (2009), nom. nov.

Distribution: China (Yunnan); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Sikkim); N-Thailand

36 CHI 40 BHU IND NEP 41 THA

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria microcephala var. wallichii (Meisn.) H.Hara; Fl. E. Himal.: 72 (1966)

= Polygonum wallichii Meisn.; Monogr. Polyg. 83 (1826)

species :

Persicaria hassegawae Hanai & Seriz.; Shidekobushi 1(1): 25 (2008)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria hassegawae f. albiflora (Honda) Hanai & Seriz.; Shidekobushi 1(1): 25 (2008)

= Persicaria hastatotriloba f. albiflora Honda; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 59: 14 (1946)

species :

Persicaria hastatosagittata (Makino) Nakai ex Mori; Mori, Enum. Pl. Cor. 132 (1922)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Primorye); China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Tibet; North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Kyushu); Taiwan; Nepal

31 RFE 36 CHI TIB 38 JAP KOR NKO TAI 40 NEP

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria korshinskiana (Nakai) Nakai; Bull. Nat. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, No. 31, 33 (1952) (korschinskiana)

= Polygonum cavaleriei H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8: 172 (1910)

= Polygonum hastatosagittatum Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 17: 119 (1903)

= Polygonum korshinskyanum Nakai; J. Coll. Sci. Tokyo 31: 169 (1911)

= Polygonum sagittatum f. ussuriense Regel; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 4(4): 126 (1861)

= Polygonum strigosum var. hastatosagittatum (Makino) Steward; Contr. Gray Herb. 5: 90 (1930)

= Polygonum ussuriense (Regel) Nakai; Icon. Pl. Koisikav. 3: 49 (1919)

= Truellum hastatosagittatum (Makino) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 146 (1974)

= Truellum korshinskyanum (Nakai) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 146 (1974)

species :

Persicaria hirsuta (Walter) Small; Fl. S. E. U. S. 379 (1903)

Name: Hairy smartweed

Distribution: USA (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina)

78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Mitesia hirsuta (Walter) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 15 (1837)

= Persicaria hirsuta var. glabrescens Small; Fl. S.E. U.S.: 379 (1903)

= Polygonum hirsutum var. dasyphyllum Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 103 (1856)

= Polygonum hirsutum var. glabrescens Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 103 (1856)

= Polygonum hirsutum Walter; Fl. Carol. 132 (1788)

species :

Persicaria hispida (Kunth) M.Gómez; Anales Inst. Segunda Ensenanza Habana 2: 278 (1896)

Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Sinaloa); Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Cuba; Colombia (Antioquia, Bolívar, Córdoba); Venezuela (Anzoategui, Apure, Aragua, Barinas, Guarico, Miranda, Monagas, Zulia); Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Pando, Santa Cruz); N-Brazil; NE-Brazil (Maranhao, Piauí, Ceara, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Bahia); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais); Paraguay (Alto Paraguay, Central, Cordillera, Pres. Hayes); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Cordoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Jujuy, Salta, Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, Tucuman)

79 MEX 80 COS HON NIC PAN 81 CUB 82 CLM VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum hispidum Kunth; Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 178 (1817)

= Polygonum hispidum var. glabrescens Lindau; Trab. Mus. Farmacol. 21: 51 (1909)

species :

Persicaria huananensis (A.J.Li) B.Li; Phytotaxa 91(1): 24 (2013)

Distribution: China (Guangdong)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum huananense A.J.Li; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 15(4): 413-414 (1995)

species :

Persicaria humboldtiana Funez & Hassemer; Phytotaxa 490(1): 61 (2021)

Distribution: Brazil (Santa Catarina)

84 BRA

species :

Persicaria humilis (Meisn.) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 53(5): 134 (1978)

Distribution: China (Yunnan); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Uttarakhand)

36 CHI 40 BHU IND NEP

Synonyms: hidden

= Cephalophilon humile (Meisn.) Qaiser & A.Perveen; Pakistan J. Bot. 43(6): 2765 (2011)

= Polygonum humile Meisn.; Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 3: 59 (1832)

= Polygonum perforatum Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 1700 (1830)

species :

Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Spach; Hist. Nat. Vig. 10: 536 (1841)

Name: Pfeffer-Knöterich, Wasserpfeffer (DE), Marshpepper knotweed (EN)

Distribution: England; Ireland; Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; France; Channel Isl.; Corsica; Italy; Sicily; Malta; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (scattered N- & C-Greece, rare Peloponnisos); Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; W-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Azores (Sao Jorge); Madeira (Madeira Isl.); South Africa [I]; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia); Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Kuril Isl., Primorye, Sakhalin); Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos); Turkey (N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia); Iran (N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan); Afghanistan (Badakshan, Kabul, Kunar / Nuristan, Wardak, Parwan, Takhar); Lebanon (coastal W-Lebanon); China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Tibet; Mongolia; North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; Bonin Isl. (Chichijima, Hahajima); Taiwan; Pakistan (Punjab, Kurram, Chitral, Swat, Hazara, Gilgit); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Odisha, Sikkim, West Bengal); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Andaman Isl. (South Andamans); Nicobar Isl. (Car Nicobar Isl., North Nicobars, Central Nicobars, Great Nicobar Isl., Little Nicobar Isl.); Myanmar (Kachin, Sagaing, Shan, Yangon); Thailand; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Kelantan, Pahang, Negeri Sembilan); Singapore [I]; Sulawesi; Philippines (Luzon); Java; New Guinea [I]; Australia (Western Australia, Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania); New Zealand [I]; Alaska [I]; Canada [I] (British Columbia [I], Manitoba [I], New Brunswick [I], Newfoundland [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Prince Edward Isl. [I], Quebec [I], Alabama [I]); St. Pierre and Miquelon [I]; USA [I] (Arkansas [I], California [I], Colorado [I], Connecticut [I], Delaware [I], District of Columbia [I], Florida [I], Georgia [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Iowa [I], Kansas [I], Kentucky [I], Louisiana [I], Maine [I], Maryland [I], Massachusetts [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Mississippi [I], Missouri [I], Montana [I], Nebraska [I], Nevada [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New Mexico [I], New York [I], North Carolina [I], North Dakota [I], Ohio [I], Oklahoma [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], South Carolina [I], South Dakota [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Utah [I], Vermont [I], Virginia [I], Washington [I], West Virginia [I], Wisconsin [I], Wyoming [I]); Chile [I] (Maule [I], Ñuble [I], Biobío [I], Los Lagos [I])

10 DEN FIN GRB IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 CIS COR FRA POR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MLT MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SRB TUE 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT MLD RUS UKR 20 ALG MOR 21 AZO MDR 27 saf 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG EAI IRN LEB TUR 36 CHI TIB 37 MON 38 JAP KOR NKO NNS OGA TAI 40 BAN BHU IND NEP PAK SRL 41 AND MYA NCB THA VIE 42 JAW MLY nwg PHI sng SUL 50 AUS 51 nzl 70 ask 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 85 cle

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria acris Gilib.; Exerc. Phyt. 2: 431 (1792), opus utique oppr.

= Persicaria acris Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 268 (1821 publ. 1822), nom. superfl.

= Persicaria erectominor var. koreensis (Nakai) I.Ito; J. Jap. Bot. 31: 178 (1956)

= Persicaria fastigiatoramosa (Makino) Nakai; Rigakkai 24: 300 (1926)

= Persicaria fastigiatoramosa var. angustissima (Makino) Nemoto; Fl. Jap. Suppl.: 170 (1936)

= Persicaria hydropiper f. angustissima (Makino) Araki; J. Jap. Bot. 27: 257 (1952)

= Persicaria hydropiper f. scabrida (H.Hara) Hiyama; J. Jap. Bot. 37: 95 (1962)

= Persicaria hydropiper f. viridis Araki; J. Jap. Bot. 27: 258 (1952)

= Persicaria hydropiper subsp. hispida (Hook.f) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 153 (1974)

= Persicaria hydropiper subsp. laetivirens (Makino) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 153 (1974)

= Persicaria hydropiper subsp. maximowiczii (Reg.) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 153 (1974)

= Persicaria hydropiper var. angustifolia (A.Braun) Kitag.; Neo-Lineam. Fl. Manshur.: 233 (1979)

= Persicaria hydropiper var. densiflora (A.Braun) Akeroyd; Contr. Bot. Univ. "Babes-Bolyai" Cluj-Napoca 48: 16 (2013)

= Persicaria hydropiper var. fastigiata (Makino) Araki; Amatores Herb. 8: 31 (1939), et J. Jap. Bot. 27: 257 (1952)

= Persicaria hydropiper var. filiformis Araki; J. Jap. Bot. 27: 258 (1952)

= Persicaria hydropiper var. longistachya (Y.L.Chang & S.X.Li) Kitag.; Neo-Lineam. Fl. Manshur.: 233 (1979)

= Persicaria hydropiper var. maximowiczii (Regel) Nemoto; Fl. Jap. Suppl.: 171 (1936)

= Persicaria hydropiper var. projecta (Stanford) Moldenke; Boissiera 7: 2 (1943)

= Persicaria hydropiper var. scabrida H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 14: 73 (1938)

= Persicaria koreana Nakai; Mori, Enum. Pl. Corea: 132 (1922), nomen

= Persicaria koreensis (Nakai) Nakai; Mori, Enum. Pl. Cor. 132 (1922)

= Persicaria koreensis f. viridiflora (S.X.Li & Y.L.Chang) Kitag.; Neolin. Fl. Manshur.: 234 (1979)

= Persicaria maximowiczii (Regel) Nakai; Rigakkai 24: 300 (1926)

= Persicaria urens Garsault; Fig. Pl. Anim. Med. t. 447 (1764), Descr. Pl. Anim. 266 (1767), Thell. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. Ser. II. 8: 903

= Persicaria urens Montandon; Friche-Joset, Syn. Fl. Jura: 269 (1856)

= Persicaria vernalis Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 43: 455 (1929)

= Peutalis hydropiper (L.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 14 (1837)

= Polygonum acre Lam.; Fl. Franç. 3: 234 (1779), nom. superfl.

= Polygonum chloroleucon Gand.; Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 1: 96 (1882)

= Polygonum ciliare Kitt.; Linnaea 32: 363 (1864)

= Polygonum fallacinum Gand.; Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 1: 98 (1882)

= Polygonum fastigiatoramosum Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 24: 30 (1910)

= Polygonum fastigiatoramosum var. angustissimum (Makino) Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 24: 30 (1910)

= Polygonum flaccidum var. hispidum Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 5: 40 (1886)

= Polygonum flexuosum Gand.; Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 1: 97 (1882), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum glandulosum Poir.; Lam., Encycl. 6: 149 (1804)

= Polygonum gracile R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland: 419 (1810), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum gracile Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 259 (1796), nom. superfl.

= Polygonum gramineum Meisn.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 59 (1865)

= Polygonum hecasanthum Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 585 (1866)

= Polygonum hydropiper f. angustissimum Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 17: 149 (1903)

= Polygonum hydropiper f. ciliare Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 612 (1921)

= Polygonum hydropiper f. densiflorum (A.Braun) Hegi; 203 (1910)

= Polygonum hydropiper f. irramosum Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Maternat.-Przyrodn. Akad. Umiejetn., Nauki Biolog., Dzial B, Serya III, 7B: 595 (1907)

= Polygonum hydropiper f. nanum Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Maternat.-Przyrodn. Akad. Umiejetn., Nauki Biolog., Dzial B, Serya III, 7B: 595 (1907)

= Polygonum hydropiper f. nivrense Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Maternat.-Przyrodn. Akad. Umiejetn., Nauki Biolog., Dzial B, Serya III, 7B: 595 (1907)

= Polygonum hydropiper f. ramosissimum Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Maternat.-Przyrodn. Akad. Umiejetn., Nauki Biolog., Dzial B, Serya III, 7B: 594 (1907)

= Polygonum hydropiper f. simplex Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Maternat.-Przyrodn. Akad. Umiejetn., Nauki Biolog., Dzial B, Serya III, 7B: 594 (1907)

= Polygonum hydropiper f. submersum Glück; Biol. morphol. Unters. Wasser- Sumpfgew., Teil 3: 261 (1911)

= Polygonum hydropiper f. viridialbum A.Braun; 356 (1824)

= Polygonum hydropiper f. viridirubellum A.Braun; 356 (1824)

= Polygonum hydropiper L.; Sp. Pl. 361 (1753), nom. cons.

= Polygonum hydropiper subsp. megalocarpum Danser; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg 8: 188 (1927)

= Polygonum hydropiper var. angustifolium A.Braun; 357 (1824)

= Polygonum hydropiper var. carpaticum Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Maternat.-Przyrodn. Akad. Umiejetn., Nauki Biolog., Dzial B, Serya III, 7B: 595 (1907)

= Polygonum hydropiper var. densiflorum A.Braun; Flora 7: 356 (1824)

= Polygonum hydropiper var. fastigiatum Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 17: 148 (1903)

= Polygonum hydropiper var. filiforme (Araki) Araki ex E.Walker; Fl. Okinawa: 429 (1976)

= Polygonum hydropiper var. gramineum (Meisn.) Ohwi; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 10: 136 (1941)

= Polygonum hydropiper var. hispidum (Hook.f.) Steward; Contr. Gray Herb. 88: 60 (1930)

= Polygonum hydropiper var. longistachyum Y.L.Chang & S.X.Li; Fl. Pl. Herb. Chin. Bor.-Or. 2: 43, 107 (1959)

= Polygonum hydropiper var. maximowiczii (Regel) Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 17: 148 (1903)

= Polygonum hydropiper var. micranthum Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Maternat.-Przyrodn. Akad. Umiejetn., Nauki Biolog., Dzial B, Serya III, 7B: 595 (1907)

= Polygonum hydropiper var. obtusifolium A.Braun; 356 (1824)

= Polygonum hydropiper var. pauciflorum Klett & Richt.; Fl. Leipzig: 354 (1830)

= Polygonum hydropiper var. projectum Stanford; Rhodora 29: 86 (1927)

= Polygonum hydropiper var. remotum Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Maternat.-Przyrodn. Akad. Umiejetn., Nauki Biolog., Dzial B, Serya III, 7B: 595 (1907)

= Polygonum hydropiper var. tenue Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Maternat.-Przyrodn. Akad. Umiejetn., Nauki Biolog., Dzial B, Serya III, 7B: 594 (1907)

= Polygonum hydropiper var. viridialbum (A.Braun) Danser; 305 (1924)

= Polygonum hydropiper var. viridirubellum (A.Braun) Danser; 305 (1924)

= Polygonum hydropiper var. vulgare Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 109 (1857)

= Polygonum kinashii H.Lév. & Vaniot; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 51: 422 (1904)

= Polygonum koreense f. viridiflorum S.X.Li & Y.L.Chang

= Polygonum koreense Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 33: 6 (1919)

= Polygonum maximowiczii Regel; Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus) 1864(Suppl.): 14 (1865)

= Polygonum mite Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 1721 (1829), nom. inval.

= Polygonum obtusifolium Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 4: 64 (1853)

= Polygonum pallidium Gand.; Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 1: 97 (1882)

= Polygonum podophyllum Gand.; Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 1: 97 (1882)

= Polygonum punctatum H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 67 (1912), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum purpuratum Gand.; Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 1: 145 (1882)

= Polygonum schindleri Danser; Gedenkboek J. Valckenier Suringar: 206 (1942)

= Polygonum schinzii J.Schust.; Bull. Herb. Boiss. Ser. II. 8: 711 (1908)

= Polygonum vernale (Nakai) Makino & Nemoto; Fl. Jap. ed. 2, 265 (1931)

variant :

var. glandulosissima Gage; Rec. Bot. Surv. India 2: 401 (1903)

Distribution: India (Maharashtra)

40 IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria pubescens var. glandulosissima (Gage) H.B.Naithani & S.Biswas; H. B. Naithani, Flow. Pl. India, Nepal & Bhutan: 353 (1990)

variant :

var. sarbhanganica (Subba Rao) S.S.Dash & Bhaumik; Fl. Pl. India Annot. Checkl. 2: 404 (2020)

Distribution: India (Assam)

40 IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum hydropiper var. sarbhanganicum (Subba Rao) R.C.Srivast.; Indian Forester 134(12): 1699 (2008)

= Polygonum sarbhanganicum Subba Rao; Bull. Bot. Surv. Ind. 6: 106 (1965)

species :

Persicaria hydropiperoides (Michx.) Small; Fl. S. E. U. S. 378 (1803)

Name: Swamp smartweed

Distribution: Azores [I] (Santa Maria Isl. [I], Sao Miguel Isl. [I], Terceira [I], Sao Jorge [I], Flores Isl. [I], Corvo Isl. [I]); Canary Isl. [I] (La Palma [I], Gran Canaria [I]); Russian Far East [I] (Primorye [I]); Azerbaijan [I]; New Guinea [I]; Tonga [I] (´Eua [I], Nomuka [I], Vava´u [I]); Alaska; Canada (British Columbia, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec); USA (Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, Washington State, West Virginia, Wisconsin); Mexico

21 azo cny 31 rfe 33 aze 42 nwg 60 ton 70 ASK 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria hydropiperoides var. breviciliata (Fernald) C.F.Reed; Phytologia 50(7): 461 (1982)

= Persicaria hydropiperoides var. bushiana (Stanford) Mohlenbr.; Vasc. Fl. Illinois 501 (2015), et Phytoneuron 2015-67: 3 (2015)

= Persicaria hydropiperoides var. euronotorum (Fernald) C.F.Reed; Phytologia 50(7): 461 (1982)

= Persicaria hydropiperoides var. opelousana (Riddell ex Small) J.S.Wilson

= Persicaria hydropiperoides var. strigosa (Small) G.Wilh. & Rericha; Michigan Bot. 55(3-4): 95 (2016)

= Persicaria opelousana (Riddell ex Small) Small; Fl. S. E. U. S. 378 (1903)

= Persicaria paludicola Small; Man. S.E. Fl.: 457 (1933), nom. illeg.

= Persicaria persicarioides (Kunth) Small; Fl. S E. U. S. 378 (1903)

= Polygonum australe Thiéb.-Bern. ex Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Pers.] 1: 440 (1805)

= Polygonum hydropiperoides f. leucochranthum A.H.Moore; Rhodora 16: 129 (1914)

= Polygonum hydropiperoides f. rubrum Waterf.; Rhodora 54: 126 (1952)

= Polygonum hydropiperoides f. strigosum (Small) Stanford; Rhodora 28: 26 (1926)

= Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx.; Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 239 (1803)

= Polygonum hydropiperoides subsp. opelousanum (Riddell) W.Stone; Pl. S. New Jersey 422 (1912)

= Polygonum hydropiperoides subsp. setaceum Dalci; Commun. Fac. Sci. Univ. Ankara, Ser. C, Sci. Nat. 18C: 148 (1974)

= Polygonum hydropiperoides var. adenocalyx (Stanford) Gleason; Phytologia 4: 23 (1952)

= Polygonum hydropiperoides var. asperifolium Stanford; Rhodora 28: 27 (1926)

= Polygonum hydropiperoides var. breviciliatum Fernald; Rhodora 42: 448 (1940)

= Polygonum hydropiperoides var. bushianum Stanford; Rhodora 28: 27 (1926)

= Polygonum hydropiperoides var. digitatum Fernald; Rhodora 23: 260 (1922)

= Polygonum hydropiperoides var. euronotorum Fernald; Rhodora 47(556): 137 (-138

= Polygonum hydropiperoides var. macerum Stanford; Rhodora 28: 26 (1926)

= Polygonum hydropiperoides var. macounii Small; Mem. Dept. Bot. Columbia Coll. 1: 81 (1895)

= Polygonum hydropiperoides var. opelousanum (Riddell ex Small) W.Stone

= Polygonum hydropiperoides var. psilostachyum H.St.John; Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 36: 71 (1921)

= Polygonum hydropiperoides var. sanibelense Stanford; Rhodora 28: 27 (1926)

= Polygonum hydropiperoides var. strigosum Small; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 19: 355 (1892)

= Polygonum hydropiperoides var. virgatum (Cham. & Schltdl.) Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14(1): 103 (1856)

= Polygonum mite Pers.; Syn. Pl. 1: 440 (1805), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum opelousanum Riddell ex Small; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 29: 354 (1892), et Monogr. N. Am. Polygon. (Mem. Bot. Columb. Coll. i.) (1895) 78. t. 16

= Polygonum opelousanum var. adenocalyx Stanford; Rhodora 28: 28 (1926)

= Polygonum persoonii Engelm. ex Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 103 (1856)

= Polygonum punctatum Schwein. ex Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 103 (1856), nom. inval.

variant :

var. persicarioides (Kunth) Verloove & R.Otto; Diversity (Basel) 13(11)-551: 4 (2021)

Distribution: Mexico (Aguascalientes, Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Yucatan, Zacatecas); Belize; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Bahamas; Cuba; Cayman Isl.; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Colombia (Antioquia, Boyacá, Meta); Venezuela (Amazonas, Delta Amacuro, Monagas); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Galapagos; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, La Paz, Santa Cruz); Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul); NE-Brazil (Ceara, Bahia); WC-Brazil (Brasilia Distrito Federal, Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo); Paraguay (Alto Paraná, Central, Cordillera, Paraguari, Pres. Hayes); Uruguay (Colonia, Paysandu, Rocha); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Chubut, Cordoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Jujuy, La Pampa, Mendoza, Misiones, Salta, Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, San Juan, San Luis, Tucuman); Chile (Arica y Parinacota, Tarapacá, Atacama, Valparaíso, Metropolitana de Santiago, O´Higgins, Maule, Ñuble, Biobío, Araucanía, Los Rios); Juan Fdz. Isl.

79 MEX 80 BLZ COS HON NIC PAN 81 BAH CAY CUB HIS PUE 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL ECU GAL PER 84 BRA 85 ARG CLE JNF PAR URU

Remarks: distribution data tentative

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum hydropiperoides var. persicarioides (Kunth) Stanford; Rhodora 28: 27 (1926)

= Polygonum persicarioides Kunth; Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 179 (1817)

= Polygonum rivulare Phil.; Linnaea 30: 199 (1859 publ. 1860), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum scabridum Willd. ex Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 117 (1856), nom. inval.

= Polygonum tarmense Ruiz ex Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 117 (1857)

= Polygonum virgatum var. latifolium M.Martens & Galeotti; Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 10(1): 352 (1843)

species :

Persicaria hystricula (J.Schust.) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 153 (1974)

Distribution: Angola; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, N-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)

26 ANG 27 BOT NAM SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria utriculosa (Tikovsky) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 155 (1974)

= Polygonum hystriculum J.Schust.; Bull. Herb. Boiss. Ser. II. 8: 705 (1908)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. glabrum Burtt Davy

= Polygonum utriculosum Tikovsky; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München, Heft 8, 342 (1953)

species :

Persicaria imeretina (Kom.) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 153 (1974)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]

33 GEO NCS

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum imeretinum Kom.; Fl. URSS 5: 652, 722 (1936)

species :

Persicaria japonica (Meisn.) Nakai; Rigakkai 24: 300 (1926)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Tibet; North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan

36 CHI TIB 38 JAP KOR NKO NNS TAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria japonica var. grandiflora (Meisn.) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 48(no. 575): 780 (1934)

= Persicaria japonica var. scabrida (Steward) Yonek.; J. Jap. Bot. 87: 162 (2012)

= Polygonum japonicum Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 112 (1856)

= Polygonum japonicum var. densiflorum Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 22: 63 (1908)

= Polygonum japonicum var. grandiflorum Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14(2): 695 (1857)

= Polygonum japonicum var. salicifolium Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 22: 64 (1908)

= Polygonum macranthum var. scabridum Steward; Contr. Gray Herb. 88: 52 (1930)

= Polygonum martini H.Lév. & Vaniot; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 11: 340 (1902), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum myosurus Franch.; Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., sér. 2, 10: 73 (1887 publ. 1888)

species :

Persicaria javanica (Bruijn) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 153 (1974)

Distribution: Java

42 JAW

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum javanicum Bruijn; Miq. Pl. Jungh. 303 (1854)

= Polygonum robustum Meisn.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 60 (1865)

species :

Persicaria jucunda (Meisn.) Migo; J. Shanghai Sci. Inst. Sect. 3, 4: 142 (1939)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria hangchouensis Ohki ex Migo; J. Shanghai Sci. Inst. Sect. 3, 4: 143 (1939)

= Persicaria jucunda (Meisn.) Yonek. & H.Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 72(3): 159 (1997), isonym

= Polygonum hangchouense Matsuda; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 27: 9 (1913)

= Polygonum jucundum Meisn.; Monogr. Polyg. 71 (1826)

species :

Persicaria kawagoeana (Makino) Nakai; Rigakkai 24: 300 (1926)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Zhejiang); ?Tibet; Japan (Honshu, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Manipur, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, West Bengal); Sumatra; ?New Guinea

36 CHI 38 JAP NNS TAI 40 BHU IND NEP 42 SUM

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria kawagoeana f. albida I.Ito; J. Jap. Bot. 31: 177 (1956)

= Persicaria kawagoeana var. densiflora H.Hara & I.Ito; J. Jap. Bot. 31: 177 (1956)

= Persicaria minor subsp. micrantha (Danser) Soják; Preslia 46: 154 (1974)

= Persicaria minor subsp. procera (Danser) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 154 (1974)

= Persicaria minor var. kawagoeana (Makino) Masam.; Sci. Rep. Kanazawa Univ., Biol. 2: 80 (1954)

= Persicaria tenella f. albida (I.Ito) Yonek.; Fl. Japan 2a: 171 (2006)

= Persicaria tenella var. kawagoeana (Makino) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 44: 375 (1969)

= Polygonum kawagoeanum Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 28: 115 (1914)

= Polygonum micranthum Meisn.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 59 (1865), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum minus subsp. micranthum (Meisn.) Danser; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, sér. 3, 8: 176 (1927)

= Polygonum minus subsp. procerum Danser

= Polygonum minus var. procerum (Danser) Steward

= Polygonum tenellum var. kawagoeanum (Makino) Murata; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 26(3-4): 88 (1974)

= Polygonum tenellum var. micranthum (Meisn.) C.Y.Wu

species :

Persicaria lanigera (R.Br.) Soják; Preslia 46: 153 (1974)

Distribution: Egypt (Desert Oases, Nile Delta); Gambia [I]; Benin [I]; Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley); Pakistan (Peshawar, Punjab); Bhutan; Laos; Philippines (Luzon); Australia [I] (Victoria [I])

20 EGY 22 ben gam 34 ISR 40 BHU PAK 41 LAO 42 PHI 50 aus

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria lapathifolia var. lanigera (R.Br.) Chantar. & Tubtimtong; Thai Forest Bull., Bot. 29: 35 (2001)

= Polygonum arachnoideum Klotzsch ex Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 117 (1857) et ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 35 (1886)

= Polygonum lanigerum R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland: 419 (1810)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. lanigerum (R.Br.) C.Moore; Handb. Fl. N.S.W.: 119 (1893)

species :

Persicaria lankeshanensis T.J.Liang & Bo Li; Bangladesh J. Pl. Taxon. 21(2): 148 (2014)

Distribution: China (Guangdong)

36 CHI

species :

Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 270 (1821)

subspecies :

subsp. lapathifolia

Name: Ampfer-Knöterich (DE), Curlytop knotweed (EN)

Distribution: Iceland; Faeroe Isl.; England; Ireland; Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; Baleares; France; Channel Isl.; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Malta; +San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread mainland, Samothraki, Kerkyra, Limnos, Andros, Naxos); Crete; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; W-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Azores (Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Faial); Madeira (Madeira Isl.); Zimbabwe [I]; Namibia [I]; Botswana [I]; South Africa [I] (widespread); Eswatini [Swaziland] [I]; Madagascar [I]; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Amur, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Kuril Isl., Magadan, Primorye, Sakhalin); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Ikaria); Turkey (E-Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Cyprus (C-Mountains, S-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, C-Syrian Desert); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, Negev Desert, N-Israel); N-Yemen; China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Tibet; Mongolia; North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Taiwan; Pakistan (Baluchistan, Kurram, N. W. Frontier Prov., Dir, Chitral, Swat, Hazara, Gilgit, Baltistan, Astor); Nepal; India (Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, West Bengal); Bangladesh; Myanmar; Thailand; Vietnam; Philippines; Java; New Guinea (Irian Jaya); Australia (Northern Territory, South Australia, Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania); New Zealand [I]; Palau (Peleliu, Angaur); Guam; Fed. States of Micronesia (Woleai, Ifalik, Lamotrek, Namonuito, Truk, Moen, Udot, Shiki Isl., Lukunor, Satawan); Alaska; Greenland; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Labrador, N. W. T., Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon); St. Pierre and Miquelon; USA (Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington State, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming); Mexico [I]; Bolivia [I]; Paraguay [I]; Uruguay [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Atacama [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], O´Higgins [I], Maule [I], Ñuble [I], Biobío [I], Araucanía [I], Los Rios [I], Los Lagos [I]); Juan Fdz. Isl. [I]

10 DEN FIN FOR GRB ICE IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO BAL CIS COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MLT MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT MLD RUS UKR 20 ALG MOR TUN 21 AZO MDR 26 zim 27 bot nam saf swz 29 mdg 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR LEB SYR TUR 35 YEM 36 CHI TIB 37 MON 38 JAP KOR NKO TAI 40 BAN IND NEP PAK 41 MYA THA VIE 42 JAW NWG PHI 50 AUS 51 nzl 62 GUM MIC PLU 70 ASK CDN GNL 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 mex 83 bol 85 arg cle jnf par uru

Synonyms: hidden

= Dioctis maculatum Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 15 (1837)

= Dioctis vernum Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 15 (1837)

= Discolenta lapathifolia (L.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 15 (1837)

= Discolenta scabra Raf.; New Fl. Am. 4: 48 (1836)

= Persicaria bioritsuensis (Ohki) Ohki ex Nakai; Rigakkai 24: 300 (1926)

= Persicaria glandulosa (R.Br.) Nakai & Ohwi; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 40: 52 (1926)

= Persicaria hypanica (Klokov) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 25: 186 (1988)

= Persicaria incarnata (Elliott) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S.: 377 (1903)

= Persicaria komarovii (H.Lév.) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 153 (1974)

= Persicaria krugii H.Gross & Loes.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 37(2): 112 (1919)

= Persicaria lapathifolia f. alba Y.N.Lee; Fl. Korea (Lee) 1156 (1996)

= Persicaria lapathifolia f. baumgarteniana (Schur) Dostál; Folia Mus. Rer. Nat. Bohem. Occid., Bot. 21: 5 (1984)

= Persicaria lapathifolia subsp. andrzejowskiana (Klokov) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 153 (1974)

= Persicaria lapathifolia subsp. glandulosa (Nakai) Soják; Preslia 46: 153 (1974)

= Persicaria lapathifolia subsp. hypanica (Klokov) Soják; Preslia. 46(2): 15: 3 (1974)

= Persicaria lapathifolia subsp. klokovii Soják; Preslia 46(2): 154 (1974), nom. nov.

= Persicaria lapathifolia subsp. nodosa (Pers.) Á.Löve; Rit Landbúnaoard. Atvinnud. Háskólans, B 3: 109 (1948)

= Persicaria lapathifolia subsp. oligoclada (Danser) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 154 (1974)

= Persicaria lapathifolia subsp. saporoviensis (Klokov) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 154 (1974)

= Persicaria lapathifolia subsp. syringifolia (Danser) Soják; Preslia 46: 154 (1974)

= Persicaria lapathifolia subsp. turgida (Thuill.) Soják; Preslia 46: 154 (1974)

= Persicaria lapathifolia var. incana (Roth) S.Ekman & Knutsson; Nord. J. Bot. 14: 24 (1994)

= Persicaria lapathifolia var. nodosa (Pers.) Gorman; Muhlenbergia 2: 382 (1916)

= Persicaria lapathifolia var. nodosa (Pers.) Qaiser; Fl. Pakistan 205: 32 (2001), isonym

= Persicaria lapathifolia var. rubra Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 270 (1821 publ. 1822)

= Persicaria lapathifolia var. tomentosa (Schrank) Tzvelev; Sosud. Rast. Sovet. Dal´nego Vostoka 4: 70 (1989)

= Persicaria laxa (Rchb.) Soják; Preslia 46: 154 (1974)

= Persicaria maculata (Sibth.) Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 270 (1821 publ. 1822)

= Persicaria nodosa (Pers.) Opiz; Seznam, 72 (1852)

= Persicaria oneillii Brenckle; Phytologia 2: 405 (1948)

= Persicaria pseudojaponica (Ohki) Nakai; Rigakkai 24: 300 (1926)

= Persicaria pseudojaponica (Ohki) Sasaki; List Pl. Formosa (Sasaki) 170 (1928), isonym

= Persicaria pseudonodosa (Ohki) Sasaki; List Pl. Formosa (Sasaki) 170 (1928)

= Persicaria saporoviensis (Klokov) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 25: 186 (1988)

= Persicaria tenuiflora (C.Presl) H.Hara; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 48: 893 (1934)

= Persicaria tenuiflora var. albiflora Iwata; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 54(638): 73 (1940)

= Persicaria tomentosa var. glabrior Lunell; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 4: 304 (1916)

= Persicaria turgida (Thuill.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 11(1): 83 (1976)

= Persicaria vaniotiana H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 496 (1913)

= Peutalis incana Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 14 (1837)

= Peutalis nodosa (Pers.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 14 (1837)

= Peutalis scabra (Moench) Raf.; New Fl. Am. 4: 48 (1836)

= Pleuropteropyrum ochreatum Nakai; Rigakkai 24: 296 (1926)

= Polygonum adenophorum Spreng.; Syst. Veg. ed. 16. 2: 258 (1825)

= Polygonum andrzejowskianum Klokov; Fl. RSS Ucr. 4: 653 (1952)

= Polygonum araucanum Phil.; Anales Univ. Chile 91: 489 (1895)

= Polygonum barbatum Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap.: 77 (1794), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum baumgartenianum Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 584 (1866)

= Polygonum bioritsuense Ohki; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 39: 259 (1925)

= Polygonum bracteosum Phil.; Anales Univ. Chile 36: 200 (1870)

= Polygonum cumingianum Gand.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 66: 224 (1919)

= Polygonum decumbens Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 4: 64 (1853)

= Polygonum eurybelonum Danser; Rec. Trav. Bot. Neerl. 18: 137, 188 (1921)

= Polygonum euryphyllum Danser; Rec. Trav. Bot. Neerl. 18: 138, 191 (1921)

= Polygonum ferrugineum var. patagonicum (Speg.) Macloskie

= Polygonum glabrum Rchb.; Iconogr. Bot. Pl. Crit. 5: 59 (1827), nom. inval.

= Polygonum glandulosum Kit.; Linnaea 32: 363 (1864), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum glandulosum R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland: 419 (1810), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum glandulosum Subba Rao; Bull. Bot. Surv. India 5: 257 (1964), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum glareosum Phil.; Anales Univ. Chile 110: 490 (1895)

= Polygonum glutinosum Wall. ex Meisn.; Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 55 (1832)

= Polygonum hassanabdalicum Chaudhri; Pakistan Syst. 3: 28 (1987)

= Polygonum hypanicum Klokov; Fl. RSS Ucr. 4: 652 (1952)

= Polygonum incanum F.W.Schmidt; 90 (1794), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum incanum var. angustifolium Mérat; Nouv. Fl. Env. Paris: 153 (1812)

= Polygonum incarnatum Elliott; Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 1: 456 (1817)

= Polygonum komarovii H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8: 171 (1910)

= Polygonum lanceifolium Danser; Rec. Trav. Bot. Neerl. 18: 137, 180 (1921)

= Polygonum lanigerum var. cristatum Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26: 342 (1891)

= Polygonum lanigerum var. glutinosum (Wall. ex Meisn.) Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 5(13): 35 (1886)

= Polygonum lapathifolium f. albidum A.Braun; 361 (1824)

= Polygonum lapathifolium f. depauperatum J.Schust.; 55 (1907)

= Polygonum lapathifolium f. grandiflorum Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Maternat.-Przyrodn. Akad. Umiejetn., Nauki Biolog., Dzial B, Serya III, 7B: 603 (1907)

= Polygonum lapathifolium f. humile Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Maternat.-Przyrodn. Akad. Umiejetn., Nauki Biolog., Dzial B, Serya III, 7B: 602 (1907)

= Polygonum lapathifolium f. maximum Regel; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 4(4): 124 (1861)

= Polygonum lapathifolium f. minimum J.Schust.; 55 (1907)

= Polygonum lapathifolium f. nodosum (Pers.) Regel; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 4(4): 125 (1861)

= Polygonum lapathifolium f. prostratum Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Maternat.-Przyrodn. Akad. Umiejetn., Nauki Biolog., Dzial B, Serya III, 7B: 603 (1907)

= Polygonum lapathifolium f. putatum J.Schust.; 55 (1907)

= Polygonum lapathifolium f. ramosum J.Schust.; 55 (1907)

= Polygonum lapathifolium f. rubellum A.Braun; 361 (1824)

= Polygonum lapathifolium f. viride (A.Braun) Bruijn; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 1(4): 503 (1848)

= Polygonum lapathifolium L.; Sp. Pl.: 360 (1753)

= Polygonum lapathifolium proles incarnatum (Elliott) Irigoyen & Thell.; Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 74: 247 (1929)

= Polygonum lapathifolium proles nodosum (Pers.) Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 12: 99 (1910)

= Polygonum lapathifolium proles st-johnii Irigoyen & Thell.; Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 74: 248 (1929)

= Polygonum lapathifolium proles turgidum (Thuill.) Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 12: 100 (1910)

= Polygonum lapathifolium proles vernicosum (Cham. & Schltdl.) Irigoyen & Thell.; Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 74: 248 (1929)

= Polygonum lapathifolium subsp. incanum (Pers.) Schübl. & G.Martens; 257 (1834)

= Polygonum lapathifolium subsp. laxum (Rchb.) H.Post; Bot. Not. 1844: 141 (1844)

= Polygonum lapathifolium subsp. lonchophyllum Danser; Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 18: 138 (1921)

= Polygonum lapathifolium subsp. maculatum (Sibth.) Dyer & Trimen; J. Bot. 9: 36 (1871)

= Polygonum lapathifolium subsp. neglectum J.Schust.; Mitt. Bayer. Bot. Ges. 2: 56 (1907)

= Polygonum lapathifolium subsp. nodosum (Pers.) Schübl. & G.Martens; Fl. Würtemberg: 257 (1834)

= Polygonum lapathifolium subsp. oligocladum (Danser) Danser; Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 18: 137 (1921)

= Polygonum lapathifolium subsp. punctatum (Gremli) J.Schust.; Mitt. Bayer. Bot. Ges. 2: 56 (1907)

= Polygonum lapathifolium subsp. secondaireanum (Sennen) Sennen; Trab. Mus. Nac. Ci. Nat., Ser. Bot. 15(1): 51 (1931)

= Polygonum lapathifolium subsp. semilanceifolium Danser; Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 18: 140 (1921)

= Polygonum lapathifolium subsp. semilatum Danser; Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 18: 138 (1921)

= Polygonum lapathifolium subsp. semisyringifolium Danser; Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 18: 140 (1921)

= Polygonum lapathifolium subsp. stenobelonum Danser; Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 18: 138 (1921)

= Polygonum lapathifolium subsp. syringifolium (Danser) Danser; Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 18: 136 (1921)

= Polygonum lapathifolium subsp. verum J.Schust.; Mitt. Bayer. Bot. Ges. 2: 54 (1907) (nom. inval.)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. acutifolium Wallr.; Sched. crit. Fl. Hal. I: 189 (1822)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. agreste J.Schust.; 55 (1907), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. agreste Kabath; 98 (1846)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. agreste Wimm.; Fl. Schles. 1: 316 (1840)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. brachystachyum Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Maternat.-Przyrodn. Akad. Umiejetn., Nauki Biolog., Dzial B, Serya III, 7B: 602 (1907)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. euryphyllum (Danser) Irigoyen & Thell.; Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 74: 251 (1929)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. genystachium H.St.John ex Irigoyen & Thell.; Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 74: 248 (1929)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. gibbosum Chabert; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 38: 390 (1891)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. glabrulum Danser; 137 (1921)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. impunctaticaule Danser; 137 (1921)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. incanum (F.W.Schmidt) Hartm.; Handb. Skand. Fl.: 149 (1820)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. incanum (Pers.) Boenn.; Prodr. Fl. Monast. Westphal. 116 (1824)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. incanum (Willd.) Hartm.; 149 (1820), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. incanum Asch.; 589 (1864)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. incanum Boenn.; Prodr. Fl. Monast. Westphal.: 116 (1824), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. incanum C.C.Gmel.; 268 (1826)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. incanum Günther, Grab. & Wimm.; 67 (1824), nom. inval.

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. incanum Schumach.; 126 (1801)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. incarnatum (Elliott) S.Watson; A. Gray, Manual, ed. 6: 440 (1890)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. lanceolatum A.Braun; Flora 23: 362 (1824)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. latifolium Becker; Fl. Frankfurt. 1: 163 (1827)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. latifolium Wallr.; Sched. crit. Fl. Hal. I: 189 (1822), nom. inval.

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. laxum (Rchb.) Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 5(13): 35 (1886)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. lineolatum Danser; 137 (1921)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. lunulatum Danser; 137 (1921)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. maculatum Sibth.; Fl. Oxon.: 120 (1794)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. nodosum (Pers.) Becker; Fl. Frankfurt. 1: 163 (1827)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. nodosum (Pers.) Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [Hook.f.] 5(13): 35 (1886)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. nodosum (Pers.) Small; Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5(Sig. 10): 140 (1894), isonym

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. nodosum (Pers.) Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. 1: 378 (1827)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. normale J.Schust.; 55 (1907)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. ovatum A.Braun; Flora 23: 362 (1824), nom. inval.

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. piliferum J.Schust.; 56 (1907)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. prasinum Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Maternat.-Przyrodn. Akad. Umiejetn., Nauki Biolog., Dzial B, Serya III, 7B: 602 (1907)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. prostratum Wimm.; Fl. Schles. 1: 316 (1840)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. punctaticaule Danser; 137 (1921)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. punctatum Gremli; Excursionsfl. Schweiz, ed. 6: 371 (1889)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. riparium H.Post; Bot. Not. 1844: 141 (1844)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. ruderale J.Schust.; 55 (1907)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. tumidum J.Schust.; 56 (1907)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. vestitum J.Schust.; 56 (1907)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. virescens Gren.; Gren. & Godr., Fl. France Corse 3: 48 (1855)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. viride A.Braun; Flora 23: 263 (1824)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. viridiflorum Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. 1: 378 (1827)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. xanthophyllum H.W.Kung; Contr. Inst. Bot. Natl. Acad. Peiping 3: 369 (1935)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. zbrucense Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Maternat.-Przyrodn. Akad. Umiejetn., Nauki Biolog., Dzial B, Serya III, 7B: 603 (1907)

= Polygonum maculatum (Sibth.) Bab.; Man. Brit. Bot., ed. 7: 301 (1874), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum maculatum Krock.; Fl. Siles. Suppl. 2: 72 (1823) nom. illeg., non Raf. 1817

= Polygonum nodosum Pers.; Syn. Pl. 1: 440 (1805)

= Polygonum nodosum var. incarnatum (Elliott) A.Gray; Manual, ed. 2: 372 (1856)

= Polygonum nutans Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 29 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 2: 285 (1832)

= Polygonum obliquum Kit.; Linnaea 32: 364 (1864)

= Polygonum obtusatum Steud. ex Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 118 (1856), nom. inval.

= Polygonum ochreatum Houtt.; Nat. Hist. 2(8): 467 (1777)

= Polygonum paniculatum Andrz.; Izv. Univ. Kiev 7(Enum. Pl. Podol.) 136 (1862), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum pensylvanicum subsp. oneilii (Brenckle) Hultén; Ark. Bot., a.s. 7(1): 47 (1967 publ. 1968)

= Polygonum pericaria var. incanum (F.W.Schmidt) Wahlenb.; Fl. Suecica 1: 242 (1824)

= Polygonum persicaria subsp. incanum (Pers.) Schübl. & G.Martens; 257 (1834)

= Polygonum persicaria var. communis Ruthe; 381 (1834)

= Polygonum persicaria var. incanum Pers.; 440 (1805)

= Polygonum persicaria var. lapathifolium (L.) Meisn.; Monogr. Polyg.: 69 (1826)

= Polygonum persicaria var. lapathifolium Schltdl.; Fl. Berol. 1: 224 (1823)

= Polygonum persicaria var. nodosum (Pers.) Schltdl.; Fl. Berol. 1: 224 (1823)

= Polygonum persicaria var. vernicosa Cham. & Schltdl.; Linnaea 3: 43 (1828)

= Polygonum petecticale (Stokes) Druce; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 7: 781 (1925 publ. 1926)

= Polygonum pseudojaponicum Ohwi; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 39: 263 (1925)

= Polygonum pseudonodosum Ohki; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 39: 263 (1925)

= Polygonum punctatum Krock.; Fl. Siles. Suppl. 2: 57 (1823)

= Polygonum pyramidale H.Lév.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 54: 370 (1907)

= Polygonum quadrifidum Meisn.; Linnaea 14: 485 (1841)

= Polygonum saporoviense Klokov; Fl. RSS Ucr. 4: 652 (1952)

= Polygonum simlense Royle ex Bab.; Trans. Linn. Soc. 18: 102 (1841)

= Polygonum somphocarpum Bruijn; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 1(4): Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 1: 506 (1848)

= Polygonum spectabile var. patagonica Speg.; Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 7: 157 (1902)

= Polygonum tenuiflorum C.Presl; J. & C. Presl, Delic. Prag.: 67 (1822)

= Polygonum tomentosum f. incanum (Pers.) Lindm.; 218 (1918)

= Polygonum tomentosum var. purpureum Erdner; 562 (1911)

= Polygonum turgidum Thuill.; Fl. Env. Paris, ed. 2: 199 (1799)

= Polygonum utriculatum J.Rémy; Gay, Fl. Chil. 4: 267 (1849)

= Polygonum valdivianum Phil.; Anales Univ. Chile 110: 488 (1895)

= Polygonum vanictianum (H.Lév.) H.Lév.; Cat. Pl. Yun-Nan: 208 (1916)

= Polygonum viscosum Bastard ex Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 119 (1856), nom. inval.

variant :

var. lanata (Roxb.) H.Hara; Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal 3: 176 (1982)

Distribution: European Russia [I]; Northern Caucasus [I]; China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan); Taiwan; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Sikkim, etc.); Bangladesh; Myanmar; Thailand; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia

14 rus 33 ncs 36 CHI 38 TAI 40 BAN BHU IND NEP 41 MYA THA VIE 42 MLY

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria lanata (Roxb.) M.A.Hassan; Bangladesh J. Pl. Taxon. 3(1): 81 (1996), isonym

= Persicaria lapathifolia subsp. lanata (Roxb.) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 154 (1974)

= Persicaria lanata (Roxb.) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 25: 186 (1988)

= Polygonum lanatum Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 29 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 2: 285 (1832)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. lanatum (Roxb.) Steward; Contr. Gray Herb., n. s., 5(88): 46 (1930)

variant :

var. salicifolia (Sibth.) Miyabe; J. Fac. Agric. Hokkaido Imp. Univ. 26(4): 522 (1934)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Taiwan; Myanmar; ?Java

36 CHI 38 TAI 41 MYA

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria lapathifolia var. salicifolia (Sibth.) P.D.Sell; Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland 1: 687 (2018), isonym

= Polygonum incanum Willd.; nom. illeg.

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. incanum (Willd.) W.D.J.Koch

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. salicifolium Sibth.; Fl. Oxon. 129 (1794)

= Polygonum nodosum var. incanum Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. 3: 521 (1850)

subspecies :

subsp. brittingeri (Opiz) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 153 (1974)

Name: Ufer-Knöterich, Donau-Ampfer-Knöterich (DE)

Distribution: Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Austria; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Croatia; ?Greece; European Russia; Moldova; Kazakhstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (Talysh); ?East Aegaean Isl. (?Lesvos); Iran; Afghanistan (Badakshan, Wakhan, Baghlan, Bamyan, Jawzjan / Sar-e-Pol, Kabul, Kunar / Nuristan, Logar, Nangarhar, Parwan, Takhar)

11 AUT CZE GER HUN SLO 13 CRO 14 MLD RUS 32 KAZ TZK 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria brittingeri (Opiz) Opiz; Lotos 4: 42 (1854)

= Persicaria lapathifolia subsp. danubialis (A.Kern.) Á.Löve & D.Löve; 51 (1961)

= Polygonum brittingeri Opiz; Natural. 8: 74 (1824)

= Polygonum danubiale A.Kern.; Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 25: 255 (1875)

= Polygonum lapathifolium f. amarantifolium J.Schust.; 55 (1907)

= Polygonum lapathifolium subsp. brittingeri (Opiz) Rech.f.; Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur., ed. 2, 3: 416 (1958)

= Polygonum lapathifolium subsp. brittingeri (Opiz) Soó; Bot. Közlem. 31: 229 (1935)

= Polygonum lapathifolium subsp. danubiale (A.Kern.) O.Schwarz; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges., n.s. 1: 97 (1949)

= Polygonum lapathifolium subsp. semidanubiale Danser; Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 18: 140 (1921)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. biocule Danser; 136 (1921)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. brittingeri (Opiz) Beck; Rchb., Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 24: 76 (1906)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. brittingeri (Opiz) Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Maternat.-Przyrodn. Akad. Umiejetn., Nauki Biolog., Dzial B, Serya III, 7B: 604 (1907)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. danubiale (A.Kern.) Fiek; E. Fiek & R. K. F. von Uechtritz, Fl. Schlesien: 382 (1881)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. emaculatum Danser; 136 (1921)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. lentiginosum Danser; 136 (1921)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. lugubre Danser; 135 (1921)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. luscum Danser; 135 (1921)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. pseudodanubiale J.Schust.; 55 (1907)

= Polygonum nodosum var. brittingeri (Opiz) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 4: 819 (1913)

subspecies :

subsp. leptoclada (Danser) Wissk.; Wisskirchen & H. Haeupler, Standardliste Farn- und Blütenpfl. Deutschl.: 357 (1998)

Name: Lein-Ampfer-Knöterich (DE)

Distribution: +Germany (+Bayern, +Nordrhein-Westfalen); Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; European Russia; Siberia (W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; Georgia [Caucasus]

11 GER 14 BLR EST LAT LIT RUS 30 SIB 32 KAZ 33 GEO

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria lapathifolia subsp. linicola (Sutulov) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 32: 184 (2000)

= Persicaria lapathifolia var. linicola (Sutulov) Knutsson; Nordic J. Bot. 14: 24 (1994)

= Persicaria linicola (Sutulov) Nenukow; Sitz. Naturf.-Ges. Tartu 34: 156 (1927), nom. inval.

= Persicaria linicola (Sutulov) Nenukow ex Büscher & G.H.Loos; Jahrb. Bochum. Bot. Vereins 1: 126 (2010)

= Polygonum lapathifolium f. linicola (A.F.Schwarz) Kom.; 687 (1936), nom. inval.

= Polygonum lapathifolium f. strictum J.Schust.; 55 (1907)

= Polygonum lapathifolium subsp. leptocladum Danser; Rec. Trav. Bot. Neerl. 18: 139, 197 (1921)

= Polygonum lapathifolium subsp. linicola (Sutulov) Danser; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 1923: 303 (1923)

= Polygonum lapathifolium subsp. linicola (Sutulov) O.Schwarz; 97 (1949)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. linicola (Sutulov) S.Ekman & Knutsson; Nordic J. Bot. 14(1): 24 (1994)

= Polygonum leptocladum (Danser) Danser; 113 (1932), nom. inval.

= Polygonum linicola Sutulov; Maevskii, Fl. Srednei Rossii, ed. 5, 553 (1917)

= Polygonum nodosum subvar. linicola (A.F.Schwarz) Asch. & Graebn.; 817 (1913)

= Polygonum persicaria f. linicola A.F.Schwarz; 687 (1900)

subspecies :

subsp. mesomorpha (Danser) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 154 (1974)

Name: Mittlerer Ampfer-Knöterich (DE)

Distribution: Germany (Brandenburg, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland [I], Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt); France; etc.

11 GER 12 FRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria mesomorpha (Danser) Büscher & G.H.Loos; Jahrb. Bochum. Bot. Vereins 1: 126 (2010)

= Polygonum lapathifolium subsp. mesomorphum (Danser) Danser; Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 18: 138 (1921)

= Polygonum mesomorphum Danser; Rec. Trav. Bot. Neerl. 18: 139, 200 (1921)

subspecies :

subsp. pallida (With.) Á.Löve; Rit Landbúnaoard. Atvinnud. Háskólans, B 3: 109 (1948)

Name: Filziger Ampfer-Knöterich (DE)

Distribution: Ireland; Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Spain; Italy; Slovenia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Serbia; Kosovo; Romania; Greece (rare N- & C-Greece, Limnos); Crete; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; European Russia (widespread); Moldova; Ukraine; Siberia (W-Siberia, C-Siberia); Russian Far East; Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Samos); Turkey; Iran; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Mexico [I]

10 DEN FIN IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LUX POL SLO 12 SPA 13 BIH GRC ITA KOS KRI ROM SLV SRB 14 BLR EST LAT LIT MLD RUS UKR 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 EAI IRN TUR 38 JAP 79 mex

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria lapathifolia subsp. pallida (With.) S.Ekman & Knutsson; Nordic J. Bot. 14(1): 24 (1994), isonym

= Persicaria lapathifolia var. incana (Roth) Knutsson; Nordic J. Bot. 14: 24 (1994)

= Persicaria lapathifolia var. tomentosa (Schrank) H.Gross; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 37(2): 113 (1919)

= Persicaria pallida (With.) Büscher & G.H.Loos; Jahrb. Bochum. Bot. Vereins 1: 126 (2010)

= Persicaria scabra (Moench) Moldenke; Phytologia 12: 479 (1966)

= Persicaria scabra var. amurica Tzvelev; Sosud. Rast. Sovet. Dal´nego Vostoka 4: 71 (1989)

= Persicaria scabra var. incana (Roth) Tzvelev; Sosud. Rast. Sovet. Dal´nego Vostoka 4: 71 (1989)

= Persicaria tomentosa (Schrank) E.P.Bicknell; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 36: 453 (1909)

= Pogalis tomentosa (Schrank) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 15 (1837)

= Polygonum incanum (Roth) F.W.Schmidt; Fl. Boëm. 4: 90 (1794)

= Polygonum lapathifolium proles pallidum (With.) Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 12: 99 (1910)

= Polygonum lapathifolium f. gracile Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Maternat.-Przyrodn. Akad. Umiejetn., Nauki Biolog., Dzial B, Serya III, 7B: 603 (1907)

= Polygonum lapathifolium f. pallidum Farw.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 11: 55 (1928)

= Polygonum lapathifolium subsp. incanum (Roth) Schübl. & G.Martens; Fl. Würtemberg: 257 (1834)

= Polygonum lapathifolium subsp. pallidum (With.) Fr.; Nov. Fl. Suec. Mant. 2: 24 (1839)

= Polygonum lapathifolium subsp. tomentosum (Schrank) Danser; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 1931: 111 (1931)

= Polygonum lapathifolium subsp. tomentosum (Schrank) Hayek; 115 (1924)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. angustifolium Wallr.; Sched. crit. Fl. Hal. I: 189 (1822)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. incanum (Roth) Hartm.; Handb. Skand. Fl.: 149 (1820)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. pallidum (With.) Bab.; 257 (1843)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. somphocarpum (Bruijn) Danser; 139 (1921)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. tomentosum (Schrank) Beck; Fl. Nieder-Österreich: 123 (1890)

= Polygonum lapathifolium var. tomentosum (Schrank) J.Schust.; 56 (1907), isonym

= Polygonum pallens Pers.; Syn. 1: 439 (1795), nom. inval.

= Polygonum pallidum With.; Arr. Brit. Pl. ed. 3, 2: 381 (1796)

= Polygonum parviflorum Gromov; Trudy Obshch. Nauk Kharkivs´k. Univ. 1: 145 (1817), nomen

= Polygonum persicaria f. incanum (Roth) Beckh.; Fl. Westfalen: 773 (1893)

= Polygonum persicaria var. incanum Roth; Tent. Fl. Germ. 2: 53 (1789), nom. inval.

= Polygonum scabrum var. incanum House; Bull. New York State Mus. Nat. Hist. 254: 295 (1924)

= Polygonum tomentosum Schrank; Baier. Fl. 1: 669 (1789)

= Polygonum tomentosum var. salicifolium (Gray) Asch. & Graebn.; 813 (1913)

species :

Persicaria leblebicii (Yild.) Raus; Willdenowia 44(2): 293 (2014)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum leblebicii Yild.; Ot Sist. Bot. Dergisi 18(1): 6 (2011)

species :

Persicaria lii Kitag.; J. Jap. Bot. 40: 55 (1965)

Distribution: NE-China

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum procumbens Y.L.Chang & S.X.Li; Fl. Pl. Herb. Chin. Bor.-Or. 2: 47, 108 (1959)

= Polygonum pronum C.F.Fang; Fl. Liaoningica, chief ed. S. X. Li 1: 335 (1988), nom. nov.

species :

Persicaria limbata (Meisn.) H.Hara; Fl. E. Himalaya. 71 (1966)

Distribution: Egypt (Great Southwestern Desert, Nile Delta); Senegal; Guinea; Mali; Mali; Burkina Faso; Benin; N-Nigeria; Cameroon; Congo [Brazzaville]; SE-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Chad; Sudan; South Sudan; Uganda; Tanzania; SW-Angola; Zambia; Zimbabwe; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, N-Cape Prov.); Sinai peninsula (N-Sinai); Nepal; India (Bihar, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal); Bangladesh

20 EGY 22 BEN BKN GUI MLI NGA SEN 23 CMN CON ZAI 24 CHA SSU SUD 25 TAN UGA 26 ANG ZAM ZIM 27 BOT NAM SAF 34 SIN 40 BAN IND NEP

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria amboana (Fedde) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 152 (1974)

= Polygonum amboanum Fedde; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 493 (1911)

= Polygonum limbatum Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 123 (1856)

= Polygonum piliferum Tikovsky; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München, Heft 8, 341 (1953)

= Polygonum schinzii C.H.Wright; Oliv. et al. (eds.), Fl. Trop. Afr. 6(1): 108 (1909), nom. illeg.

species :

Persicaria limicola (Sam.) Yonek. & H.Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 72(3): 159 (1997)

Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hubei, Hunan, ?Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum limicola Sam.; Symb. Sin. 7(2): 178-179 (1929)

species :

Persicaria longiflora (Courchet) Borodina; Konsp. Sosud. Rast. Fl. V´etnama 2: 149 (1996)

Distribution: N-Vietnam

41 VIE

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum longiflorum Courchet; Lecomte, Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 5: 31 (1910)

species :

Persicaria longiseta (Bruijn) Kitag.; Rep. Inst. Sci. Research Chinese Manchuria 1: 322 (1937)

Name: Oriental lady´s thumb

Distribution: Russian Far East (Khabarovsk, Kuril Isl., Primorye, Sakhalin); Georgia [Caucasus] [I]; China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, ?Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); North Korea; South Korea (incl. Cheju Isl.); Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; Pakistan (Baluchistan, Quetta, Peshawar, N. W. Frontier Prov., Hazara, Murree, Pakistani Punjab, Dir, Swat, Gilgit); Nepal; India (Jammu & Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal); Andaman / Nicobar Isl.; Myanmar; peninsular Malaysia; Java; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Canada [I] (British Columbia [I], New Brunswick [I], Ontario [I]); USA [I] (Alabama [I], Connecticut [I], Delaware [I], Florida [I], Georgia [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Iowa [I], Kansas [I], Kentucky [I], Louisiana [I], Maine [I], Maryland [I], Massachusetts [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Mississippi [I], Missouri [I], Nebraska [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], North Carolina [I], Ohio [I], Pennsylvania [I], South Carolina [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Vermont [I], Virginia [I], West Virginia [I], Wisconsin [I])

31 RFE 33 geo 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO NNS TAI 40 IND NEP PAK 41 MYA 42 JAW MLY NWG 71 cdn 72 cdn 74 usa 75 usa 77 usa 78 usa

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria blumei (Meisn.) Nakai; Rep. Veg. Ooryongto: 18 (1919)

= Persicaria blumei var. albiflora Honda; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 45: 298 (1931)

= Persicaria buisanensis (Ohki) Sasaki; List Pl. Formos. 168 (1928)

= Persicaria caespitosa var. longiseta (Bruijn) C.F.Reed; Phytologia 63(5): 410 (1987)

= Persicaria erectominor var. roseoviridis (Kitag.) I.Ito; J. Jap. Bot. 31: 177 (1956)

= Persicaria gentiliana H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 338 (1914)

= Persicaria longiseta f. albiflora (Honda) Masam.; Sci. Rep. Kanazawa Univ., Biol. 2(2): 79 (1954)

= Persicaria longiseta f. brevifolia (Makino) Hiyama; J. Jap. Bot. 37: 28 (1962)

= Persicaria longiseta f. breviseta (Meisn.) W.Lee; Lineamenta Florae Koreae 225 (1996)

= Persicaria longiseta f. divaricatiramosa Hiyama; J. Jap. Bot. 37: 28 (1962)

= Persicaria longiseta var. albiflora (Honda) Honda; Nom. Pl. Jap.: 71, 512 (1939)

= Persicaria roseoviridis Kitag.; Rep. Inst. Sci. Research Chinese Manchuria 1: 321 (1937)

= Persicaria satsumensis Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 25: 129 (1950)

= Polygonum blumei Gand.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 66: 225 (1919), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum blumei Meisn.; Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 2: 57 nom. illeg. (1865)

= Polygonum blumei var. brevifolium Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 27: 114 (1913)

= Polygonum blumei var. contractum Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 28: 117 (1914)

= Polygonum buisanense Ohki; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 39: 259 (1925)

= Polygonum cespitosum var. longisetum (Bruijn) Steward; Contr. Gray Herb. 88: 67 (1930)

= Polygonum donii var. tenerum Meisn.; Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 58 (1832)

= Polygonum gentilianum (H.Lév.) H.Lév.; Cat. Pl. Yun-Nan: 207 (1916)

= Polygonum interruptum Bunge; Enum. Pl. Chin. Bor. 58 (1833)

= Polygonum longisetum Bruijn; Miq. Pl. Jungh. 307 (1854)

= Polygonum longisetum f. albiflorum (Honda) Ohwi; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 33: 71 (1953)

= Polygonum posumbu var. blumei (Meisn.) Herder

= Polygonum posumbu var. longisetum (Bruijn) F.Z.Li & C.Y.Qu; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 26: 280 (2006), without basionym ref.

= Polygonum roseoviride (Kitag.) S.X.Li & Y.L.Chang; Fl. Plant. Herb. Chinae bor.-or. 2: 46 (1959)

variant :

var. rotundata (A.J.Li) B.Li; Phytotaxa 91(1): 24 (2013)

Distribution: Siberia (Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia); Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Primorye); China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, ?Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Tibet; Mongolia

30 SIB 31 RFE 36 CHI TIB 37 MON

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria chrtekii (Soják) Czerep.; Sosud. Rast. SSSR: 401 (1981)

= Persicaria sungareensis Kitag.; J. Jap. Bot. 19: 62 (1943)

= Polygonum barbatum var. gracile Stewart

= Polygonum chrtekii (Soják) Czerep.; Sosud. Rast. SSSR: 401 (1981)

= Polygonum erecto-minor var. sungareensis (Kitag.) Kitag.

= Polygonum intricatum Kom.; Fl. URSS 5: 657, 723 (1936) non Tod. ex Lojac. (1904)

= Polygonum longisetum var. rotundatum A.J.Li; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 15: 418 (1995)

= Polygonum rotundatum (A.J.Li) F.Z.Li & C.Y.Qu; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 26: 281 (2006), without basionym ref.

= Polygonum sungareense (Kitag.) Y.L.Chang & S.X.Li; Fl. Pl. Herb. Chin. Bor.-Or. 2: 44 (1959)

= Polygonum sungareense f. rubiflorum (A.J.Li) S.X.Li & Y.L.Chang; Fl. Pl. Herb. Chin. Bor.-Or. 2: 44, 108 (1959)

species :

Persicaria maackiana (Regel) Nakai; Mori, Enum. Pl. Cor. 132 (1922)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Khabarovsk, Primorye); China (Anhui, Guangdong, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, ?Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Taiwan

31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO TAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria maackiana f. albiflora H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 51(3): 72 (1976)

= Polygonum maackianum Regel; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 4(4): 127 (1861)

= Polygonum thunbergii var. maackianum (Regel) Maxim. ex Franch. & Sav.; Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 475 (1878)

= Tracaulon maackianum (Regel) Greene; Leaflets Bot. Obs. 1: 22 (1904)

= Truellum maackianum (Regel) Soják; Preslia 46: 146 (1974)

species :

Persicaria macrantha (Meisn.) Haraldson; Symb. Bot. Upsal. 22(2): 74 (1978)

Distribution: India (Assam, Meghalaya); Bangladesh; Vietnam

40 BAN IND 41 VIE

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum macranthum Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 107 (1857)

= Persicaria odorata subsp. macrantha (Meisn.) Yonek.; J. Jap. Bot. 87(3): 163 (2012)

species :

Persicaria maculosa Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 269 (1821)

Name: Spotted ladysthumb (EN); Floh-Knöterich (DE); Hierba pejiguera (ES)

Distribution: Iceland; Faeroe Isl.; England; Ireland; Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; Gibraltar; Baleares; France; Channel Isl.; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Malta; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread mainland, Kerkyra, Lefkada, Thasos, Samothraki, Limnos, Sporades, Evvoia); Crete; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; W-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Egypt (Nile Delta, NW-coastal Egypt); Azores (Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Faial); Madeira (Madeira Isl.); Canary Isl. (Gran Canaria, La Palma Isl., Tenerife); Siberia (Altai, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, W-Siberia); Russian Far East (Amur, Primorye [I]); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Ikaria, Rhodos); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Iran (EC-Iran, E-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Badakshan, Baghlan, Bamyan, Kabul, Kandahar, Parwan, Qunduz); Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, W-Syrian Mountains); Sinai peninsula (N-Sinai); N-Yemen; China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Zhejiang); North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Taiwan; Pakistan (Baluchistan, Quetta, Kurram, N. W. Frontier Prov., Peshawar, Chitral, Dir, Gilgit, Baltistan, Astor); Nepal; Bhutan; NW-India (Arunachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir); Laos; Vietnam; New Guinea [I]; Australia [I] (Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); New Zealand [I]; Chatham Isl. [I]; Auckland Isl. [I]; Alaska [I]; Greenland [I]; Canada [I] (Alberta [I], British Columbia [I], Manitoba [I], New Brunswick [I], Newfoundland [I], Labrador [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Prince Edward Isl. [I], Quebec [I], Saskatchewan [I], Yukon [I]); St. Pierre and Miquelon [I]; USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arizona [I], Arkansas [I], California [I], Colorado [I], Connecticut [I], Delaware [I], District of Columbia [I], Florida [I], Georgia [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Iowa [I], Kansas [I], Kentucky [I], Louisiana [I], Maine [I], Maryland [I], Massachusetts [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Mississippi [I], Missouri [I], Montana [I], Nebraska [I], Nevada [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New Mexico [I], New York [I], North Carolina [I], North Dakota [I], Ohio [I], Oklahoma [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], South Carolina [I], South Dakota [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Utah [I], Vermont [I], Virginia [I], Washington [I], West Virginia [I], Wisconsin [I], Wyoming [I]); Mexico [I]; Bolivia [I]; Brazil [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Arica y Parinacota [I], Tarapacá [I], Atacama [I], Coquimbo [I], Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], O´Higgins [I], Maule [I], Ñuble [I], Biobío [I], Araucanía [I], Los Rios [I], Los Lagos [I], Aisén [I], Magallanes [I])

10 DEN FIN FOR GRB ICE IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO BAL CIS COR FRA GIB POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MLT MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT MLD RUS UKR 20 ALG EGY MOR 21 AZO CNY MDR 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG EAI IRN IRQ LEB SIN SYR TUR 35 YEM 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO TAI 40 BHU IND NEP PAK 41 LAO VIE 42 nwg 50 aus 51 auc ctm nzl 70 ask cdn gnl 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 79 mex 83 bol 84 bra 85 arg cle

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria dolichopoda (Ohki) Ohki ex Nakai; Rigakkai 24: 300 (1926)

= Persicaria dolichopoda (Ohki) Sasaki; List Pl. Formos. 168 (1928), isonym

= Persicaria fallax Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 24 (1904)

= Persicaria fusiformis (Greene) Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 24 (1904)

= Persicaria granulata Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 2: 24 (1909)

= Persicaria incana Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 269 (1821)

= Persicaria interrupta Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 732 (1821)

= Persicaria maculosa var. argentea Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 269 (1821 publ. 1822)

= Persicaria maculosa var. biformis (Wahlenb.) Akeroyd; Contr. Bot. Univ. "Babes-Bolyai" Cluj-Napoca 48: 17 (2013)

= Persicaria maculosa var. ruderalis (Meisn.) Akeroyd; Contr. Bot. Univ. "Babes-Bolyai" Cluj-Napoca 48: 17 (2013)

= Persicaria mitis Delarbre; Fl. Auvergne, ed. 2: 518 (1800), nom. rej.

= Persicaria mitis Garsault; Fig. Pl. Méd.: t. 446 (1764), opus utique rej.

= Persicaria opaca (Sam.) Koidz.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 5: 119 (1936)

= Persicaria persicaria (L.) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S.: 378 (1903), nom. inval.

= Persicaria pulicariodea Montandon; Syn. Fl. Jura Sept. 269 (1856)

= Persicaria puritanorum (Fernald) Soják; Preslia 46: 154 (1974)

= Persicaria pusilla Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 269 (1821 publ. 1822)

= Persicaria rivularis Opiz; Seznam, 72 (1852)

= Persicaria ruderalis C.F.Reed; Phytologia 50: 461 (1982), nom. superfl.

= Persicaria ruderalis f. angustifolia (Beckh.) C.F.Reed; Phytologia 50(7): 461 (1982)

= Persicaria ruderalis var. vulgaris (Meisn.) C.F.Reed; Phytologia 50(7): 462 (1982)

= Persicaria salicifolia Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 270 (1821), nom. illeg., non Brouss. ex Willd. 1809

= Persicaria vulgaris Webb & Moq.; Webb & Berth, Hist. Nat. Canaries 3(2, 3): 219 (1846) (nom. illeg.)

= Peutalis persicaria (L.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 14 (1837)

= Polygonon persicarium (L.) St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 132 (1880), orth. var.

= Polygonum albescens Gand.; Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 1: 92 (1882)

= Polygonum arnassense Gand.; Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 1: 67 (1882)

= Polygonum bellardii Blanco; Fl. Filip.: 314 (1837), non All.

= Polygonum biforme var. angustifolium Dierb.; 34 (1826)

= Polygonum biforme var. latifolium Dierb.; 34 (1826)

= Polygonum biforme var. pubescens Dierb.; 34 (1826)

= Polygonum biforme Wahlenb.; Fl. Suec. 1: 242 (1824)

= Polygonum camptocladum Gand.; Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 1: 90 (1882)

= Polygonum caniusculum Gand.; Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 1: 68 ) (1882)

= Polygonum debilius Gand.; Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 1: 47 (1882)

= Polygonum dolichopodum Ohki; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 39: 260 (1925)

= Polygonum dubium Stein ex A.Br.; Flora 7: 357 (1824)

= Polygonum elatiusculum Gand.; Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 1: 49 (1882)

= Polygonum erythrocladum Gand.; Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 1: 50 (1882)

= Polygonum fallax Greene; Pittonia 5: 200 (1903), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum fusiforme Greene; Erythea 1: 259 (1893)

= Polygonum hirtovaginum Gand.; Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 1: 48 (1882)

= Polygonum humifixum Gand.; Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 1: 67 (1882)

= Polygonum ilophilum Gand.; Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 1: 52 (1882)

= Polygonum intermixtum Gand.; Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 1: 65 (1882)

= Polygonum interruptellum Gand.; Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 1: 91 (1882)

= Polygonum lacunosum Gand.; Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 1: 95 (1882)

= Polygonum lamellosum Gand.; Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 1: 90 (1882)

= Polygonum lapathifolium subsp. maculosum (Gray) Dyer & Trimen; J. Bot. 9: 36 (1871)

= Polygonum lapathifolium subsp. persicaria (L.) Celak.; 66 (1870)

= Polygonum lapathifolium Willd.; Sp. Pl. 2: 446 (1799) non L. 1753

= Polygonum longipilum Gand.; Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 1: 89 (1882)

= Polygonum lorinseri Opiz; Seznam: 73 (1852)

= Polygonum lugdunense Gand.; Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 1: 69 (1882)

= Polygonum millepunctatum Gand.; Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 1: 88 (1882)

= Polygonum nanum Bellynck; 220 (1855), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum niloticum Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 119 (1857)

= Polygonum nisus Gand.; Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 1: 69 (1882)

= Polygonum opacum Sam.; Lingnan Sci. J. 14: 299 (1935)

= Polygonum orthocladum Gand.; Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 1: 86 (1882)

= Polygonum ovatolanceolatum Gand.; Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 1: 65 (1882)

= Polygonum pallidiflorum Gand.; Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 1: 66 (1882)

= Polygonum persicaria f. albidum A.Braun; 361 (1824)

= Polygonum persicaria f. albiflorum Millsp.; Bull. West Virginia Agric. Exp. Sta. 24: 432 (1892)

= Polygonum persicaria f. angustifolium Beckh.; Fl. Westfalen: 773 (1893)

= Polygonum persicaria f. decumbens Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Maternat.-Przyrodn. Akad. Umiejetn., Nauki Biolog., Dzial B, Serya III, 7B: 600 (1907)

= Polygonum persicaria f. erecta Glaab; 23 (1894)

= Polygonum persicaria f. humile S.X.Li & Y.L.Chang; Fl. Pl. Herb. Chin. Bor.-Or. 2: 41, 107 (1959)

= Polygonum persicaria f. podolicum Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Maternat.-Przyrodn. Akad. Umiejetn., Nauki Biolog., Dzial B, Serya III, 7B: 599 (1907)

= Polygonum persicaria f. prostratum Beckh.; Fl. Westfalen: 773 (1893)

= Polygonum persicaria f. rubellum A.Braun; 361 (1824)

= Polygonum persicaria f. ruderale (Meisn.) Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Maternat.-Przyrodn. Akad. Umiejetn., Nauki Biolog., Dzial B, Serya III, 7B: 599 (1907)

= Polygonum persicaria f. subglabrum Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Maternat.-Przyrodn. Akad. Umiejetn., Nauki Biolog., Dzial B, Serya III, 7B: 599 (1907)

= Polygonum persicaria L.; Sp. Pl.: 361 (1753) (syn. subst.)

= Polygonum persicaria proles agreste (Fr.) Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 12: 97 (1910)

= Polygonum persicaria proles biforme (Wahlenb.) Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 12: 97 (1910)

= Polygonum persicaria proles ruderale (Meisn.) Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 12: 98 (1910)

= Polygonum persicaria subsp. agreste Fr.; Novit. Fl. Suec. Mant. 2: 27 (1839)

= Polygonum persicaria subsp. biforme (Wahlenb.) Fr.; 28 (1839)

= Polygonum persicaria subsp. densiflorum (Weihe) Celak.; Prodr. Fl. Böhmen: 164 (1871)

= Polygonum persicaria subsp. rechingeri (Sennen) Sennen; Trab. Mus. Nac. Ci. Nat., Ser. Bot. 15(1): 32 (1931)

= Polygonum persicaria var. agreste (Fr.) Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 118 (1865)

= Polygonum persicaria var. biforme (Wahlenb.) Fr.; Novit. Fl. Suec. Mant. 2: 28 (1839)

= Polygonum persicaria var. coloratum Schltdl.; Fl. Berol. 1: 223 (1823)

= Polygonum persicaria var. densiflorum Jess.; 303 (1879)

= Polygonum persicaria var. elatius Roth; Enum. Pl. Phaen. Germ. 1(2): 184 (1827)

= Polygonum persicaria var. elatum Gren.; Gren. & Godr., Fl. France Corse 3: 48 (1855)

= Polygonum persicaria var. glabripes Danser; 213 (1921)

= Polygonum persicaria var. glandulosum Bruijn; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 1(4): 500 (1848)

= Polygonum persicaria var. hirsutum Bruijn; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 1(4): 500 (1848)

= Polygonum persicaria var. impunctaticaulis Danser; 304 (1924)

= Polygonum persicaria var. incanum Asch.; 589 (1864)

= Polygonum persicaria var. latifolium Roth; 173 (1788), nom. inval., et 452 (1789)

= Polygonum persicaria var. laxiflorum Jess.; 303 (1879)

= Polygonum persicaria var. lithuanicum Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Maternat.-Przyrodn. Akad. Umiejetn., Nauki Biolog., Dzial B, Serya III, 7B: 600 (1907)

= Polygonum persicaria var. minus Hook.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 132 (1838)

= Polygonum persicaria var. opacum (Sam.) A.J.Li; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 25(1): 23 (1998)

= Polygonum persicaria var. punctaticaulis Danser; 304 (1924)

= Polygonum persicaria var. ruderale (Salisb.) Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 118 (1856), nom. inval.

= Polygonum persicaria var. setosum Bruijn ex Danser; 217 (1921)

= Polygonum praelongum Gand.; Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 1: 48 (1882)

= Polygonum punctatum Kitt.; Linnaea 32: 363 (1864), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum puritanorum Fernald; Rhodora 21: 141 (1919)

= Polygonum rhombaeum Gand.; Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 1: 53 (1882)

= Polygonum rubelliflorum Gand.; Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 1: 68 (1882)

= Polygonum ruderale Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 259 (1796), nom. superfl.

= Polygonum rufescens Gand.; Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 1: 66 (1882)

= Polygonum serotinum Ten.; Syll. Pl. Fl. Neapol.: 566 (1831), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum subcanum Gand.; Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 1: 52 (1882)

= Polygonum subsimplex Gand.; Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 1: 49 (1882)

= Polygonum vernum Raf.; Fl. Ludov. 30 (1817), nom. rej.

variant :

var. amblyophylla (H.Hara) Yonek.; Fl. Jap. (Iwatsuki et al., eds.) 2a: 171 (2006)

Distribution: NE-China (Manchuria); North Korea; South Korea; Japan

36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria amblyophylla H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 12: 336 (1936)

= Persicaria mitis var. amblyophylla (H.Hara) Hiyama; J. Jap. Bot. 37: 30 (1962)

= Polygonum amblyophyllum (H.Hara) Kitam.; S. Kitamura & G. Murata, Coloured Ill. Herb. Pl. Jap., Choripet.: 310 (1961)

= Polygonum nodosum var. amblyophyllum (H.Hara) Ohwi; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 33: 70 (1953)

= Polygonum persicaria f. latifolium S.X.Li & Y.L.Chang; Fl. Pl. Herb. Chin. Bor.-Or. 2: 41, 107 (1959)

= Polygonum persicaria var. amblyophyllum (H.Hara) Ohwi; Fl. Jap., rev. ed.: 1440 (1965)

species :

Persicaria madagascariensis (Meisn.) S.Ortiz & Paiva; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 131(2): 172 (1999)

Distribution: Senegal; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ghana; ?Togo; Niger; Nigeria; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; ?Burundi; SW-Chad; Sudan; South Sudan; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Zimbabwe; ?Mozambique; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal, N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Eswatini [Swaziland]; Madagascar

22 BKN GHA GNB GUI MLI NGA NGR SEN SIE 23 CAF CON GAB RWA ZAI 24 CHA SSU SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG ZAM ZIM 27 BOT NAM SAF SWZ 29 MDG

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria attenuata subsp. africana K.L.Wilson; Kew Bull. 45(4): 629 (1990)

= Persicaria tomentosa (Willd.) Sasaki; List Pl. Formos. 170 (1928), non Schrank, nom. illeg.

= Polygonum adenophyllum Cham. & Schltdl.; Linnaea 3: 48 (1828)

= Polygonum krasseri Rech.; Ann. K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 15: 33 (1900 publ. 1901)

= Polygonum madagascariense (Meisn.) Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 113 (1856)

= Polygonum poiretii var. madagascariensis Meisn.; Monogr. Polyg.: 79 (1826)

= Polygonum tomentosum f. angustifolium De Wild.; Contr. Fl. Katanga, Suppl. 3: 103 (1930)

= Polygonum tomentosum var. angustifolium Peter; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 40(2): 184 (1932), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum tomentosum var. blepharanthum Peter; Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen, Math.-Phys. Kl., n.f. 13(2): 52 (1928)

= Polygonum tomentosum var. brevipilum Peter; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 40(2, Anh.): 21 (1932)

= Polygonum tomentosum var. eciliatum Peter; Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen, Math.-Phys. Kl., n.f. 13(2): 52 (1928)

= Polygonum tomentosum var. glandulosum Meisn.; Linnaea 14: 484 (1840)

= Polygonum tomentosum var. limnogenes Vatke ex Hiern; Cat. Afr. Pl. 1: 905 (1900)

= Polygonum tomentosum var. sericeovelutinum Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 124 (1856)

= Polygonum tomentosum Willd.; Sp. Pl. 2: 447 (1799) (not Schrank 1789)

species :

Persicaria manshuricola Kitag.; Rep. Inst. Sci. Res. Manchoukuo 6(4): 121 (1942)

Distribution: China (Jilin)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum roseoviride var. manshuricola (Kitag.) C.F.Fang; Fl. Liaoningica 1: 334 (1988)

species :

Persicaria meisneriana (Cham. & Schltdl.) M.Gómez; Anales Inst. Segunda Ensenanza Habana 2: 278 (1896)

Distribution: SE-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; ?Burundi; Uganda; Tanzania; Malawi; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Eswatini [Swaziland]; Madagascar

23 RWA ZAI 25 TAN UGA 26 MLW 27 BOT SAF SWZ 29 MDG

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria brachypoda (Baker) Galasso; Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Milano 150(1): 136 (2009)

= Polygonum brachypodum Baker; J. Linn. Soc. 20: 239 (1883)

= Polygonum chamissoanum Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 3, 13: 254 (1849)

= Polygonum chamissonianum Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 375 (1841)

= Polygonum geniculatum Riddell ex Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 132 (1856), nom. inval.

= Polygonum hastatum Bojer & Hils. ex Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 20: 239 (1883), nom. inval.

= Polygonum meisnerianum Cham. & Schltdl.; Linnaea 3: 40 (1828)

= Polygonum meisnerianum f. intermedia Chodat & Hassl.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 3: 392 (1903)

= Polygonum meisnerianum f. petiolatum A.Usteri; Fl. Umgebung São Paulo: 177 (1999)

= Polygonum meisnerianum var. jalapense B.L.Rob.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 35: 324 (1900)

= Polygonum meisnerianum var. setosum Chodat & Hassl.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 3: 392 (1903)

= Polygonum meisnerianum var. usterianum Mattos; Loefgrenia 22: 2 (1965)

= Polygonum multangulare Hook. & Arn.; Compan. Bot. Mag. 2: 62 (1836)

= Polygonum refractum Mart. ex Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 132 (1857)

= Polygonum sagittatum Bojer & Hils. ex Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 20: 239 (1883), nom. inval.

= Tracaulon meisnerianum (Cham. & Schltdl.) Greene; Leaflets Bot. Obs. 1: 22 (1904)

= Tracaulon multangulare (Hook. & Arn.) Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 22 (1904)

= Truellum meisnerianum (Cham. & Schltdl.) Soják; Preslia. 46(2): 146 (1974)

variant :

var. beyrichiana (Cham. & Schltdl.) C.C.Freeman; Sida 21: 291 (2004)

Name: Branched tearthumb

Distribution: USA (Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, South Carolina, Texas); Mexico (Chiapas, Veracruz); Honduras; Costa Rica; Cuba; Dominican Republic; Colombia (Cauca, Cundinamarca); Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, La Paz, Tarija); Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); NE-Brazil (Bahia); WC-Brazil (Brasilia Distrito Federal, Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); Paraguay (Alto Paraná, Amambay, Caazapa, Central, Cordillera, Guaira, Itapua, Misiones, Paraguari, San Pedro); Uruguay (Cerro Largo, Paysandu, San Jose); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Chaco, Cordoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Misiones, Salta, Santa Fe)

77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 80 COS HON 81 CUB HIS 82 CLM 83 BOL PER 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum beyrichianum Cham. & Schltdl.; Linnaea 3: 42 (1828)

= Polygonum meisnerianum var. beyrichianum (Cham. & Schltdl.) Meisn.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 5(1): 19 (1855)

= Tracaulon beyrichianum (Cham. & Schltdl.) Small; Fl. S. E. U. S. 380 (1903)

species :

Persicaria microcephala (Wall. ex D.Don) Sasaki; Cat. Gov. Herb. (Gov. Res. Inst., Rep. Dept. For. No. 9) 192 (1930)

Distribution: China (S-Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, SW-Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; NE-India (Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim, West Bengal); Bangladesh; Vietnam

36 CHI TIB 40 BAN BHU IND NEP 41 VIE

Synonyms: hidden

= Ampelygonum microcephalum (D.Don) M.A.Hassan; Bangladesh J. Bot. 22: 4 (1993)

= Polygonum ciliatum Buch.-Ham.; D. Don, Prod. Fl. Nep. 73 (1825)

= Polygonum microcephalum Wall. ex D.Don; Prod. Fl. Nep. 72 (1825)

= Polygonum staticiflorum Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 1704 (1829 publ. 1830)

variant :

var. sphaerocephala (Wall. ex Meisn.) H.Hara; Univ. Mus. Univ. Tokyo Bull. 2: 23 (1971)

Distribution: China (Hubei, S-Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand)

36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria sphaerocephala (Wall. ex Meisn.) H.Gross; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 49: 277 (1913)

= Polygonum microcephalum var. sphaerocephalum (Wall. ex Meisn.) Murata; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 26(3-4): 87 (1974)

= Polygonum podocephalum Klotzsch; Bot. Ergeb. Waldem. Reise, 136 (1862), et ex Meisn. in DC. Prod. 14: 129 (1856)

= Polygonum sphaerocephalum Wall. ex Meisn.; Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 60 (1832)

= Polygonum wallichii Wight; Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 5: t. 1805 (1852), nom. illeg.

species :

Persicaria mikawana Hanai & Seriz.; Shidekobushi 1(1): 23 (2008)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria mikawana f. alboviridis Hanai & Seriz.; Shidekobushi 1(1): 23 (2008)

species :

Persicaria minor (Huds.) Opiz; Seznam: 72 (1852)

Name: Kleiner Knöterich (DE), Pygmy smartweed (EN)

10 DEN FIN GRB IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 CIS FRA por SPA 13 BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SRB 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT MLD RUS UKR 29 mdg 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 33 GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR 37 MON 40 BAN IND NEP PAK SRL 41 LAO THA VIE 42 JAW MLY NWG 43 SOL 60 NWC van 72 cdn 74 usa 75 usa 78 usa 85 arg

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria minor subsp. depressa (Danser) Soják; Preslia 46: 154 (1974)

= Persicaria minor var. latifolia (A.Braun) Akeroyd; Contr. Bot. Univ. "Babes-Bolyai" Cluj-Napoca 48: 17 (2013)

= Persicaria pumila Montandon; Friche-Joset, Syn. Fl. Jura: 269 (1856)

= Persicaria stricta (All.) M.R.Almeida; Fl. Maharashtra 4A: 231 (2003)

= Persicaria tenella (Blume) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 44: 375 (1969)

= Peutalis minor (Huds.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 14 (1837)

= Polygonum angustifolium Roth; Tent. Fl. Germ. 2(1): 453 (1789), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum angustifolium subsp. minus (Huds.) Schübl. & G.Martens; 258 (1834), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum banca Herb.Ham. ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 36 (1886)

= Polygonum banka Buch.-Ham. ex Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 1722 (1829), nom. inval.

= Polygonum daphnophyllum Andrz.; Izv. Univ. Kiev 7(Enum. Pl. Podol.) 137 (1862)

= Polygonum daphnophyllum Andrz. ex Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 111 (1856)

= Polygonum humirepens Gand.; Fl. Lyon.: 194 (1875)

= Polygonum hypostictum Miq. ex Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 111 (1856), nom. inval., et ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 36 (1886)

= Polygonum minus f. albidum A.Braun; 359 (1824)

= Polygonum minus f. commune (A.Braun) Bruijn; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 1(4): 496 (1848)

= Polygonum minus f. elatius Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Maternat.-Przyrodn. Akad. Umiejetn., Nauki Biolog., Dzial B, Serya III, 7B: 597 (1907)

= Polygonum minus f. falcatum (A.Braun) Bruijn; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 1(4): 496 (1848)

= Polygonum minus f. latifolium (A.Braun) Oberd.; 327 (1979), isonym

= Polygonum minus f. longifolium (A.Braun) Bruijn; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 1(4): 496 (1848)

= Polygonum minus f. minimum (A.Braun) Bruijn; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 1(4): 496 (1848)

= Polygonum minus f. procumbens (Wirtg.) Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Maternat.-Przyrodn. Akad. Umiejetn., Nauki Biolog., Dzial B, Serya III, 7B: 597 (1907)

= Polygonum minus f. procumbens (Wirtg.) Glaab; 23 (1894)

= Polygonum minus f. rubellum A.Braun; 359 (1824)

= Polygonum minus f. sanguineum (A.F.Schwarz) Vollm.; 220 (1914)

= Polygonum minus f. strictum (A.Braun) Bruijn; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 1(4): 496 (1848)

= Polygonum minus f. submersum Glück; Biol. morphol. Unters. Wasser- Sumpfgew., Teil 3: 265 (1911)

= Polygonum minus f. tenuissimum Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Maternat.-Przyrodn. Akad. Umiejetn., Nauki Biolog., Dzial B, Serya III, 7B: 597 (1907)

= Polygonum minus f. umbrosum (Erdner) Vollm.; 220 (1914)

= Polygonum minus f. virgulatum Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Maternat.-Przyrodn. Akad. Umiejetn., Nauki Biolog., Dzial B, Serya III, 7B: 597 (1907)

= Polygonum minus Huds.; Fl. Angl.: 148 (1762)

= Polygonum minus subsp. depressum Danser; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, sér. 3, 8: 176 (1927)

= Polygonum minus var. albidum (A.Braun) Danser; 306 (1924)

= Polygonum minus var. depressum Meisn.; (1865)

= Polygonum minus var. divaricatum K.Koch; 198 (1849)

= Polygonum minus var. elatum T.Marsson; 406 (1869)

= Polygonum minus var. elongatum Bluff & Fingerh.; 509 (1825)

= Polygonum minus var. erectum Klett & Richt.; 355 (1830)

= Polygonum minus var. erectum Roth; Tent. Fl. Germ. 1(2): 187 (1827)

= Polygonum minus var. incanescens Wallr.; Sched. crit. Fl. Hal. I: 189 (1822)

= Polygonum minus var. interruptum (Meisn.) Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 111 (1856)

= Polygonum minus var. latifolium A.Braun; Flora 7: 359 (1824)

= Polygonum minus var. laxiflorum Klett & Richt.; Fl. Leipzig: 355 (1830)

= Polygonum minus var. micranthum Meisn.

= Polygonum minus var. niemirovense Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Maternat.-Przyrodn. Akad. Umiejetn., Nauki Biolog., Dzial B, Serya III, 7B: 598 (1907)

= Polygonum minus var. rubellum (A.Braun) Danser; 306 (1924)

= Polygonum minus var. sanguineum A.F.Schwarz; 688 (1900)

= Polygonum minus var. subcontinuum (Meisn.) Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 111 (1856)

= Polygonum minus var. triquetrum Schur; 170 (1851), nom. inval.

= Polygonum minus var. umbrosum Erdner; 562 (1911)

= Polygonum mite subsp. minus (Huds.) R.C.V.Douin; Bonnier, Fl. Ill. France 9: 102 (1927), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum mite subsp. pusillum (Lam.) Berher; Louis, Fl. Vosges, éd. 2: 195 (1887), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum mite subsp. strictum (All.) F.Aresch.; 358 (1881), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum mite var. pusillum Godr.; 259 (1843)

= Polygonum persicaria f. minus (Huds.) Beckh.; Fl. Westfalen: 773 (1893)

= Polygonum persicaria subsp. minus (Huds.) Celak.; Prodr. Fl. Böhmen: 165 (1871), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum persicaria var. angustifolium Roth; 174 (1788), nom. inval.

= Polygonum persicaria var. minus (Huds.) Jess.; 303 (1879)

= Polygonum pusillum Lam.; Fl. Franç. 3: 235 (1779)

= Polygonum serrulatum Hohen. ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4: 1029 (1879), nom. inval.

= Polygonum strictum All.; Fl. Pedem. 2: 207. t. 68, f. 2 (1773)

= Polygonum strictum var. interruptum Meisn.; Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 57 (1832)

= Polygonum strictum var. majus Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 3: 43 (1828)

= Polygonum strictum var. subcontinuum Meisn.; Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 57 (1832)

= Polygonum tenellum Blume; Bijdr. 530 (1826), et ex Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 2: 57

= Polygonum vulgare Gueldenst.; Reis. Russland 2: 44 (1791)

species :

Persicaria mitis (Schrank) Assenov; Jordanov, Fl. Nar. Rep. Balg. 3: 239 (1966)

Name: Milder Knöterich (DE)

Distribution: England; Ireland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Spain; France; Channel Isl.; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; San Marino [I]; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (rare N-Greece, Samothraki); Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Madagascar; Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan); Afghanistan (Badghys, Baghlan, Helmand, Kunar / Nuristan, Nangarhar, Parwan, Takhar); Pakistan (Baluchistan); India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand); Chile [I] (Valparaíso [I])

10 GRB IRE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 CIS COR FRA SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV sma SRB TUE 14 BLR LAT LIT MLD RUS UKR 29 MDG 34 AFG IRN 40 IND PAK 85 cle

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria dubia (Stein ex A.Braun) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n.s. 17: 146 (1869)

= Persicaria hydropiper subsp. mite (Schrank) Majeed Kak; J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 81: 517 (1984)

= Persicaria hydropiper subsp. mitis (Schrank) Munshi & Javeid; Syst. Stud. Polygonac. Kashmir Himalaya (J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. Addit. Ser. 2): 75 (1986), isonym

= Persicaria hydropiper var. eglandulosa (Hook.f.) Dar; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 16: 651 (1992), no basionym ref.

= Persicaria laxiflora (Weihe) Opiz; Seznam, 72 (1852)

= Persicaria mitis (Schrank) M.R.Almeida; Fl. Maharashtra 4A: 229 (2003), isonym

= Persicaria mitis var. ruderalis Peattie; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 10: 131 (1926)

= Polygonum alpinum Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 2: 170 (1851), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum angustifolium subsp. majus (Gaudin) Schübl. & G.Martens; 258 (1834)

= Polygonum braunii Bluff & Fingerh.; Comp. Fl. German. 1: 509 (1825), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum braunii C.C.Gmel.; 268 (1826), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum braunii var. hybridum Petif; 29 (1830), nom. inval.

= Polygonum dubium f. albidum A.Braun; 357 (1824)

= Polygonum dubium f. angustifolium (A.Braun) Bruijn; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 1(4): 493 (1848)

= Polygonum dubium f. effusum Bruijn; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 1(4): 493 (1848)

= Polygonum dubium f. patens (A.Braun) Bruijn; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 1(4): 492 (1848)

= Polygonum dubium f. rectum (A.Braun) Bruijn; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 1(4): 492 (1848)

= Polygonum dubium f. rubellum A.Braun; 357 (1824)

= Polygonum dubium f. ruderale (A.Braun) Bruijn; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 1(4): 493 (1848)

= Polygonum dubium f. simplex (A.Braun) Bruijn; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 1(4): 493 (1848)

= Polygonum dubium f. uliginosum (A.Braun) Bruijn; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 1(4): 493 (1848)

= Polygonum dubium Stein ex A.Braun; 357 (1824)

= Polygonum dubium var. hybridum Petif ex Bruijn; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 1(4): 494 (1848)

= Polygonum hydropiper subsp. laxiflorum (Weihe) Ces.; Car. Catt., 312 (1844)

= Polygonum hydropiper subsp. mite (Schrank) A.Majeed & Kak; J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 517 (1984)

= Polygonum hydropiper subsp. mite (Schrank) Walther; 319 (1802)

= Polygonum hydropiper var. eglandulosa Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 5: 39 (1886)

= Polygonum intermedium Ehrh.; Beitr. Naturk. Verw. Wiss. 6: 143 (1791), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum lapathifolium subsp. mite (Schrank) Celak.; 66 (1870)

= Polygonum laxiflorum Weihe; Flora 9: 746 (1826)

= Polygonum minus var. laxiflorum (Weihe) Klett & Richt.; 355 (1830)

= Polygonum mite f. erecta Glaab; 23 (1894)

= Polygonum mite f. procumbens Glaab; 23 (1894)

= Polygonum mite f. submersum Glück; Biol. morphol. Unters. Wasser- Sumpfgew., Teil 3: 268 (1911)

= Polygonum mite f. subsimplex Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Maternat.-Przyrodn. Akad. Umiejetn., Nauki Biolog., Dzial B, Serya III, 7B: 596 (1907)

= Polygonum mite Schrank; Baier. Fl. 1: 668 (1789), nom. cons.

= Polygonum mite subsp. laxiflorum (Weihe) Danser; 218 (1921)

= Polygonum mite subsp. longifolium (Fr.) Danser; 218 (1921)

= Polygonum mite var. albidum (A.Braun) Danser; 306 (1924)

= Polygonum mite var. leptostachyum Dierb.; 35 (1826)

= Polygonum mite var. pachystachyum Dierb.; 35 (1826)

= Polygonum mite var. parviflorum Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Maternat.-Przyrodn. Akad. Umiejetn., Nauki Biolog., Dzial B, Serya III, 7B: 596 (1907)

= Polygonum mite var. rubellum (A.Braun) Danser; 306 (1924)

= Polygonum paludosum Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 585 (1866), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum persicaria subsp. laxiflorum (Weihe) Celak.; Prodr. Fl. Böhmen: 165 (1871)

= Polygonum rosellum Gand.; Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 1: 92 (1882)

= Polygonum schurii Fuss; Fl. Transsilv.: 560 (1866)

= Polygonum schychowscii Andrz.; Izv. Univ. Kiev 7(Enum. Pl. Podol.) 136 (1862)

= Polygonum strictum subsp. laxiflorum (Weihe) F.Aresch.; 130 (1866)

species :

Persicaria muricata (Meisn.) Nemoto; Fl. Jap. Suppl. 173 (1936)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Khabarovsk, Primorye); China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); ?Tibet; North Korea; South Korea (incl. Cheju Isl.); Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); ?Taiwan; Nepal; India (Meghalaya, Sikkim); Thailand; New Guinea (Irian Jaya)

31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO 40 IND NEP 41 THA 42 NWG

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria muricata f. albiflora (Makino) Yonek.; Fl. Japan 2a: 154 (2006)

= Persicaria nipponensis (Makino) H.Gross ex H.Hara; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 48: 892 (1934)

= Persicaria nipponensis (Makino) Nakai; Mori, Enum. Pl. Cor. 133 (1922)

= Persicaria nipponica Nakai; Rigakkai 24: 299 (1926), nom. superfl.

= Polygonum asperulum Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 1724 (1829), nom. inval.

= Polygonum benguetense Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., Bot. 10: 301 (1915)

= Polygonum hastatosagittatum var. latifolium Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 17: 120 (1903)

= Polygonum kirinense S.X.Li & Y.L.Chang; Fl. Plant. Herb. Chinae bor.-or. 2: 109 (1959)

= Polygonum muricatum Meisn.; Monogr. Polyg.: 74 (1826)

= Polygonum nipponense f. albiflorum Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 23: 89 (1909)

= Polygonum nipponense Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 23: 89 (1909)

= Polygonum oliganthum Diels; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 5: 260 (1912)

= Polygonum strigosum var. benguetense (Merr.) Steward; Contr. Gray Herb. 5: 90 (1930)

= Polygonum strigosum var. muricatum (Meisn.) Steward; Contr. Gray Herb. 88: 89 (1930)

= Polygonum thunbergii var. spicatum H.Lév.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 51: 42 (1904)

= Tracaulon muricatum (Meisn.) Greene; Leaflets Bot. Obs. 1: 22 (1904)

= Truellum benguetense (Merr.) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 145 (1974)

= Truellum muricatum (Meisn.) Soják; Preslia. 46(2): 148 (1974)

= Truellum nipponense (Makino) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 148 (1974)

species :

Persicaria nakaii (H.Hara) Cubey; Hanburyana 3: 81 (2008)

Distribution: Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Aconogonon nakaii (H.Hara) H.Hara; Fl. E. Himalaya. 632 (1966), in adnot.

= Pleuropteropyrum nakaii H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 10: 231 (1934)

= Polygonum nakaii (H.Hara) Ohwi; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 7: 130 (1938)

species :

Persicaria nataliae Stepanov; Vestn. Krasnoyarsk. Gosud. Agrar. Univ. 7: 127 (2015)

Distribution: Siberia (Krasnoyarsk)

30 SIB

species :

Persicaria neofiliformis (Nakai) Ohki; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 40: 57 (1926)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, S-Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, S-Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); South Korea; Japan (Honshu)

36 CHI 38 JAP KOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Antenoron filiforme var. neofiliforme (Nakai) A.J.Li; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 25(1): 108 (1998)

= Antenoron neofiliforme (Nakai) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 40: 192 (1965)

= Persicaria filiformis var. neofiliformis (Nakai) T.B.Lee; Seoul Univ. J., Biol. Ser. 20: 116 (1969)

= Polygonum filiforme subsp. neofiliforme (Nakai) Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 20: 206 (1962)

= Polygonum filiforme var. neofiliforme (Nakai) Ohwi; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus., Tokyo 33: 70 (1953)

= Polygonum neofiliforme Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 36: 117 (1922)

= Sunania neofiliformis (Nakai) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 37: 330 (1962)

= Tovara filiformis var. neofiliformis (Nakai) Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 6: 32 (1930)

= Tovara neofiliformis (Nakai Nakai ex Maek.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 586 (1932)

species :

Persicaria nepalensis (Meisn.) H.Gross; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 49: 277 (1913)

Name: Nepalese smartweed (EN), Nepal-Knöterich (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Italy [I]; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; E-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; ?Burundi; Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Zambia [I]; Malawi; South Africa [I]; Madagascar [I]; Russian Far East (Khabarovsk, Kuril Isl., Primorye, Sakhalin); ?Kazakhstan; Tajikistan; Georgia [Caucasus] [I]; Afghanistan (Badakshan, Kabul, Kunar / Nuristan, Parwan); N-Yemen; China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Tibet; North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Taiwan; Pakistan (Kurram, Chitral, Swat, Hazara, Murree, Gilgit, Baltistan); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Uttarakhand); Sri Lanka; Myanmar; Myanmar (Mandalay); Thailand; Laos; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Cameron Highlands, Pahang); Philippines (Luzon); Java; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Canada [I] (British Columbia [I]); USA [I] (Connecticut [I], Florida [I], Massachusetts [I], New York [I], Pennsylvania [I]); Colombia [I]; Venezuela [I]; Ecuador [I]

11 ger 13 ita 23 BIO CMN RWA ZAI 24 ERI ETH SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 MLW zam 27 saf 29 mdg 31 RFE 32 TZK 33 geo 34 AFG 35 YEM 36 CHI TIB 38 JAP KOR NKO TAI 40 BHU IND NEP PAK SRL 41 LAO MYA THA VIE 42 JAW MLY NWG PHI 71 cdn 75 usa 78 usa 82 clm ven 83 ecu

Synonyms: hidden

= Cephalophilon nepalense (Meisn.) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 24: 76 (1987)

= Persicaria alata (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) M.R.Almeida; Fl. Maharashtra 4A: 226 (2003), isonym

= Persicaria alata (D.Don) Nakai; Rep. Veg. Ooryongto: 18 (1919)

= Persicaria alata var. violascens Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 45: 114 (1931)

= Persicaria lyrata (Nakai) Nakai ex T.Mori; Enum. Pl. Corea 131 (1922)

= Persicaria nepalensis (Meisn.) Miyabe; J. Fac. Agric., Sapporo 26: 514 (1934)

= Persicaria nepalensis f. adenothrix (Nakai) Hiyama; J. Jap. Bot. 37: 96 (1962)

= Persicaria perforata (Meisn.) H.Gross; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 49: 277 (1913)

= Polygonum alatum (D.Don) Buch.-Ham. ex Spreng.; Syst. Veg. ed. 16. 4(2): 154 (1827)

= Polygonum alatum var. adenothrix Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 23: 416 (1909)

= Polygonum alatum var. arenarium Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 5: 42 (1886)

= Polygonum alatum var. metzianum Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 5: 42 (1886)

= Polygonum alatum var. nepalense (Meisn.) Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 5: 42 (1886)

= Polygonum alatum var. parviflorum Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 5: 42 (1886)

= Polygonum alatum var. rigidulum Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 5: 42 (1886)

= Polygonum alatum var. tenuicaule Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 5: 42 (1886)

= Polygonum capitatum Korth. ex Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 128 (1857)

= Polygonum guttuliferum Miq. ex Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 129 (1857), et ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 42 (1886)

= Polygonum lyratum Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 1919 33: 17 (1919)

= Polygonum metzianum Miq.; Flora 32: 557 (1849) ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 42 (1886)

= Polygonum microcephalum Hassk.; Flora 14: 561 (1831), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum nepalense Meisn.; Monogr. Polygon.: 84 (1826)

= Polygonum nepalense var. adenothrix Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 23: 416 (1909)

= Polygonum nepalense var. javanicum Meisn.

= Polygonum nepalense var. scabridum Meisn.

= Polygonum perforatum Aitch.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 18: 90 (1880), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum perforatum Meisn.; Monogr. Polyg.: 83 (1826)

= Polygonum perforatum var. laevigatum Meisn.; Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 59 (1832)

= Polygonum punctatum Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don; Prod. Fl. Nep. 72 (1825) (non Elliott 1817 nec Raf. 1820)

= Polygonum punctatum var. alatum Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don; Prod. Fl. Nep. 72 (1825)

= Polygonum quadrifidum Hayata; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30: 233 (1911) non Meisn.

= Truellum nepalense (Meisn.) P.D.Sell; Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland 1: 686 (2018)

variant :

var. kumaona (Subba Rao & Kumari) S.S.Dash & Bhaumik; Fl. Pl. India Annot. Checkl. 2: 405 (2020)

Distribution: India (Uttarakhand)

40 IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum kumaonum Subba Rao & Kumari; J. Ind. Bot. Soc., 55(2-3): 168 (1976)

= Polygonum nepalense var. kumaonum (Subba Rao & Kumari) R.C.Srivast.; Indian Forester 134(12): 1699 (2008), et Indian J. Pl. Sci. [Jaipur] 3(2): 133 (2014)

species :

Persicaria nogueirae S.Ortiz & Paiva; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 131(2): 168 (1999)

Distribution: ?Uganda; ?Tanzania; E-Angola; W-Zambia

26 ANG ZAM

species :

Persicaria obtusifolia (Täckh. & Boulos) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 19: 41 (1989)

Distribution: Egypt (Great Southwestern Desert)

20 EGY

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum obtusifolium Täckh. & Boulos; Publ. Cairo Univ. Herb. 5: 91, t. 15 (1974)

species :

Persicaria odorata (Lour.) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 154 (1974)

subspecies :

subsp. odorata

Distribution: Laos; Cambodia; S-Vietnam

41 CBD LAO VIE

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum odoratum Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 243 (1790)

subspecies :

subsp. conspicua (Nakai) Yonek.; J. Jap. Bot. 87(3): 163 (2012)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Jiangsu, Zhejiang); South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan

36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NNS TAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria conspicua (Nakai) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 40: 51 (1926)

= Persicaria conspicua (Nakai) Nakai ex T.Mori; Enum. Pl. Cor. 131 (1922), nomen

= Persicaria conspicua f. albiflora Hiyama; J. Jap. Bot. 37: 29 (1962)

= Persicaria conspicua f. macrantha (Makino) Hiyama; J. Jap. Bot. 37: 29 (1962)

= Persicaria macrantha subsp. conspicua (Nakai) Yonek.; Fl. Jap. (Iwatsuki et al., eds.) 2a: 164 (2006)

= Persicaria odorata f. albiflora (Hiyama) Yonek.; J. Jap. Bot. 87(3): 166 (2012)

= Persicaria odorata f. conspicua (Nakai) Yonek.; J. Jap. Bot. 87(3): 166 (2012)

= Persicaria sterilis (Nakai) Nakai & Ohwi; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 40: 51 (1926)

= Polygonum conspicuum (Nakai) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 23: (389) (1909)

= Polygonum conspicuum var. lutchuense Hatus.; Fl. Ryukyus: 254 (1971), anglice

= Polygonum japonicum f. brevistylum Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 22: (62) (1908)

= Polygonum japonicum var. conspicuum Nakai; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 23: 10 (1908)

= Polygonum japonicum var. macranthum Makino; Y. Iinuma, Somoku-Dzusetsu, ed. 3, 2: 579 (1910)

= Polygonum japonicum var. micranthum Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 22: (62) (1908)

= Polygonum sterile Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 23: (390) (1909)

= Polygonum sterile var. brevistylum (Nakai) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 23: (391) (1909)

species :

Persicaria orientalis (L.) Spach; Hist. Nat. Veg. 10: 537 (1841)

Name: Kiss me over the garden gate (EN), Orient-Knöterich (DE)

Distribution: Netherlands [I]; Germany [I]; Switzerland [I]; Austria [I]; Slovakia [I]; Hungary [I]; Portugal [I]; Spain [I]; France [I]; Italy [I]; Slovenia [I]; Croatia [I]; Albania [I]; Romania [I]; Bulgaria [I]; Greece [I]; Crete [I]; Belarus [I]; E-European Russia [I]; Ukraine [I]; Crimea [I]; Algeria [I]; Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Kuril Isl. [I], Primorye); Kazakhstan [I]; Turkmenistan [I]; Uzbekistan [I]; Kyrgyzstan [I]; Tajikistan [I]; Northern Caucasus [I]; Georgia [Caucasus] [I]; Turkey [I] (NE-Anatolia [I]); China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang); North Korea; South Korea; Japan [I]; Taiwan; Bhutan; India (Assam, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Myanmar (Sagaing); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia; Singapore [I]; Philippines; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl.; New Guinea [I]; Australia [I] (Northern Territory [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I]); New Zealand [I]; New Caledonia [I]; Vanuatu [I]; Canada [I] (New Brunswick [I], Ontario [I], Quebec [I]); USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arkansas [I], California [I], Connecticut [I], Delaware [I], District of Columbia [I], Florida [I], Georgia [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Iowa [I], Kansas [I], Kentucky [I], Louisiana [I], Maine [I], Maryland [I], Massachusetts [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Mississippi [I], Missouri [I], Nebraska [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], North Carolina [I], Ohio [I], Oklahoma [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], South Carolina [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Vermont [I], Virginia [I], West Virginia [I], Wisconsin [I]); Brazil [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Metropolitana de Santiago [I], Biobío [I], Araucanía [I])

11 aut ger hun net slo swi 12 fra por spa 13 alb bul cro grc ita kri rom slv 14 blr kry rus ukr 20 alg 31 RFE 32 kaz kgz tkm tzk uzb 33 geo ncs 34 tur 36 CHI 38 jap KOR NKO TAI 40 BAN BHU IND SRL 41 CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 JAW LSI MLY nwg PHI sng 50 aus 51 nzl 60 nwc van 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 84 bra 85 arg cle

Synonyms: hidden

= Amblygonum orientale (L.) Nakai; Mori, Enum. Pl. Cor. 129 (1922)

= Amblygonum orientale var. pilosum (Meisn.) Nakai; Neolin. Fl. Manshur. 585 (1979)

= Amblygonum pilosum (Meisn.) Nakai; Rigakkai 24: 297 (1926), nom. superfl.

= Goniaticum solitarium Stokes; Bot. Mat. Med. 2: 338 (1812)

= Heptarina orientalis (L.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. iii 15 (1836)

= Lagunea cochinchinensis Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 220 (1790)

= Lagunea orientalis (L.) Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 18: 112 (1942)

= Lagunea orientalis var. pilosa (Roxb. ex Meisn.) Nakai; Neolin. Fl. Manshur. 585 (1979)

= Persicaria cochinchinensis (Lour.) Kitag.; Rep. Inst. Sci. Research Chinese Manchuria 3: 102 (1939), et Rep. Inst. Sci. Research Chinese Manchuria 3: 102 (1939) App. 1, 177 (1939)

= Persicaria orientalis (L.) Assenov; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Bulgar. 3: 250 (1966) comb. superfl.

= Persicaria pilosa (Meisn.) Kitag.; Neolin. Fl. Manshur.: 237 (1979), nom. superfl.

= Persicaria schroeteriana (Danser) Soják; Preslia 46: 155 (1974)

= Polygonum altissimum Moench; Methodus 630 (1794), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum amoenum Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 532 (1826), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum cochinchinense (Lour.) Meisn.; Monogr. 55 (1826)

= Polygonum cordobense Lindau; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: Beibl. n. 48 10 (1894)

= Polygonum hirtum Willd. ex Spreng.; Syst. Veg. ed. 16. 2: 259 (1825)

= Polygonum inundatum Mart. ex Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 123 (1856), nom. inval.

= Polygonum orientale L.; Sp. Pl.: 362 (1753)

= Polygonum orientale var. cochinchinense (Lour.) Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 612 (1921), nom. superfl.

= Polygonum orientale var. discolor Benth.; London J. Bot. 1: 494 (1842)

= Polygonum orientale var. pilosum (Roxb. ex Meisn.) Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 123 (1857)

= Polygonum pilosum Roxb. ex Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 1710 (1829), nom. superfl.

= Polygonum schroeterianum Danser; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, sér. 3, 12: 68 (1932)

= Polygonum spaethii Dammer; Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 378 (1899)

= Polygonum speciosum Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 259 (1796), nom. superfl.

= Polygonum subcordatum Miq.; J. Bot. Néerl. 1: 95 (1861)

= Polygonum torquatum Bruijn; Miq. Pl. Jungh. 1303 (1854)

= Reynoutria spaethii (Dammer) Moldenke; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 68: 675 (1941)

variant :

var. glabrata (Hook.f.) S.S.Dash & Bhaumik; Fl. Pl. India Annot. Checkl. 2: 405 (2020)

Distribution: India (Uttarakhand)

40 IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum orientale var. glabratum Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 5: 30 (1886)

species :

Persicaria palmata (Dunn) Yonek. & H.Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 72(3): 159 (1997)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Yunnan); Vietnam

36 CHI 41 VIE

Synonyms: hidden

= Cephalophilon palmatum (Dunn) Borodina; Konsp. Sosud. Rast. Fl. V´etnama 2: 146 (1996)

= Polygonum meeboldii W.W.Sm.; Rec. Bot. Surv. India 6: 32 (1914)

= Polygonum palmatum Dunn; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1912: 341 (1912)

= Polygonum pseudopalmatum G.Hoo; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 1(2): 194-195, t. 16 (bottom) (1951)

species :

Persicaria paradoxa (H.Lév.) Kantachot; Thai Forest Bull., Bot. 38: 143 (2010)

Distribution: China (Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan); Thailand

36 CHI 41 THA

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria chinensis var. paradoxa (H.Lév.) B.Li; Phytotaxa 91(1): 24 (2013)

= Polygonum chinense var. paradoxum (H.Lév.) A.J.Li; Vasc. Pl. Hengduan Mount. 1: 365 (1993), et Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 25(1): 57 (1998)

= Polygonum damrongianum Hosseus; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 62 (1911)

= Polygonum dielsii H.Lév.; Cat. Pl. Yunnan, 206 (1916)

= Polygonum jucundum Diels; Notes Bot. Gard. Edin. 5: 257 (1912) (non Meisn.)

= Polygonum paradoxum H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 7: 339 (1909)

species :

Persicaria paraguayensis (Wedd.) S.T.Kim & Donoghue; Amer. J. Bot. 95(9): 1135 (2008)

Distribution: Paraguay (Central, Concepcion, Cordillera, Neembucu, Pres. Hayes, San Pedro); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Chaco, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Santa Fe)

85 ARG PAR

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum paraguayense Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. III. 13: 253 (1849)

species :

Persicaria paralimicola (A.J.Li) B.Li; Phytotaxa 91(1): 25 (2013)

Distribution: China (Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum paralimicola A.J.Li; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 15(4): 414, f. 2 (1995)

species :

Persicaria pensylvanica (L.) M.Gómez; Anales Inst. Segunda Enseñ. 2: 278. 1896. (1896)

Name: Pennsylvania smartweed (EN), Pennsylvanischer Knöterich (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Alaska; Canada (New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec); USA (Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming); Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Mexico State, Michoacan, Nuevo Leon, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas); Cuba; Dominican Republic; Haiti; Ecuador [I]

11 ger 70 ASK 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 81 CUB HIS 83 ecu

Synonyms: hidden

= Dioctis pensylvanica (L.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 15 (1836)

= Persicaria maculata (Raf.) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Acta Horti Gothob. 20: 164 (1956), nom. illeg.

= Persicaria mississippiensis (Stanford) Small; Man. Southeast. Fl. 456 (1933)

= Persicaria omissa (Greene) Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 24 (1904)

= Persicaria pensylvanica (L.) Small; Fl. S E. U. S. 377 (1903), isonym

= Persicaria pensylvanica f. albinea (Farw.) D.Löve & J.-P.Bernard; Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 53: 391 (1959)

= Persicaria pensylvanica f. pallescens (Stanford) Moldenke; Boissiera 7: 2 (1943)

= Persicaria pensylvanica var. dura (Stanford) C.F.Reed; Phytologia 50(7): 461 (1982)

= Persicaria pensylvanica var. laevigata (Fernald) Mohlenbr.; Vasc. Fl. Illinois 290 (2015)

= Polygonum longistylum var. omissum (Greene) Stanford; Rhodora 27: 178, 183 (1925)

= Polygonum maculatum Raf.; Fl. Ludov.: 29 (1817)

= Polygonum mississippiense Stanford; Rhodora 27: 183 (1925)

= Polygonum mississippiense var. interius Stanford; Rhodora 27: 178, 184 (1925)

= Polygonum omissum Greene; Pittonia 5: 200 (1903)

= Polygonum pensylvanicum f. albineum Farw.; Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 2: 21 (1923)

= Polygonum pensylvanicum f. albinum Fernald; Rhodora 47: 137 (1945)

= Polygonum pensylvanicum f. pallescens Stanford; Rhodora 27: 178 (1925)

= Polygonum pensylvanicum L.; Sp. Pl. 362 (1753)

= Polygonum pensylvanicum var. durum Stanford; Rhodora 27: 178, 180 (1925)

= Polygonum pensylvanicum var. eglandulosum Myers; Castanea 7(4-5): 74 (-75) (1942)

= Polygonum pensylvanicum var. laevigatum Fernald; Rhodora 19: 73 (1917)

= Polygonum pensylvanicum var. nesophilum Fernald; Rhodora 19: 73 (1917)

= Polygonum pensylvanicum var. rosiflorum Norton; Castanea 7: 126 (1943)

= Polygonum pensylvanicum var. viridialbum Farw.; Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 3: 94 (1924)

= Polygonum scabrum Moench; Suppl. Meth.: 267 (1802), nom. illeg.

species :

Persicaria perfoliata (L.) H.Gross; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 49: 275 (1913)

Name: Asiatic tearthumb

Distribution: Germany [I]; Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Primorye, Sakhalin); Georgia [Caucasus]; Turkey (NE-Anatolia); China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); ?Tibet; North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, West Bengal); Bangladesh; Myanmar; Thailand; Laos; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia; Philippines (Luzon, Mindanao); Java; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); USA [I] (Connecticut [I], Delaware [I], District of Columbia [I], Maryland [I], Mississippi [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], Virginia [I], West Virginia [I])

11 ger 31 RFE 33 GEO 34 TUR 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO NNS TAI 40 BAN BHU IND NEP 41 LAO MYA THA VIE 42 JAW MLY NWG PHI 73 usa 75 usa 78 usa

Synonyms: hidden

= Ampelygonum perfoliatum (L.) Roberty & Vautier; Boissiera 10: 31 (1964)

= Chylocalyx perfoliatus (L.) Hassk.; Flora 25(2): Beibl. 20 ex Miq. (1842)

= Echinocaulon perfoliatum (L.) Meisn. ex Hassk.; Flora 25(2): Beibl. 20 (1842)

= Fagopyrum perfoliatum (L.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 10 (1837)

= Polygonum arifolium var. perfoliatum L.; Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 2: 1006 (1759)

= Polygonum paucifoliatum Gand.; Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 1: 88 (1882)

= Polygonum perfoliatum (L.) L.; Sp. Pl. ed. 2: 521 (1762)

= Tracaulon perfoliatum (L.) Greene; Leaflets Bot. Obs. 1: 22 (1904)

= Truellum perfoliatum (L.) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 148 (1974)

species :

Persicaria peruviana (Meisn. ex DC.) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 154 (1974)

Distribution: Peru

83 PER

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum peruvianum Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 122 (1857)

species :

Persicaria pilushanensis (Y.C.Liu & C.H.Ou) C.F.Kuo ex T.C.Hsu & S.W.Chung; Phytotaxa 270(1): 69 (2016)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum pilushanense Y.C.Liu & C.H.Ou; Quart. J. Chinese Forest. 8(4): 123 (1976)

species :

Persicaria pinetora (Hemsl.) H.Gross; Bull. Geogr. Bot. 23: 30 (1913)

Distribution: China (N-Gansu, Hubei, N-Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum gloriosum H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 338 (1914)

= Polygonum pinetorum Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc. 26: 345 (1891)

= Rubrivena pinetorum (Hemsl.) Galasso, Labra & F.Grassi; Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Milano 150(1): 138 (2009)

species :

Persicaria poiretii (Meisn.) K.L.Wilson; Kew Bull. 45(4): 631 (1990)

Distribution: Madagascar; Mauritius; La Réunion

29 MAU MDG REU

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum poiretii Meisn.; Monogr. 79 (1826)

= Polygonum serratum Poir.; Lam., Encycl. 6: 144 (1804), nom. illeg.

species :

Persicaria posumbu (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) H.Gross; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 37(2): 113 (1919)

subspecies :

subsp. posumbu

Distribution: Russian Far East (Kuril Isl., Primorye); Georgia [Caucasus] [I]; China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Tibet; North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Manipur, Nagaland, Sikkim, West Bengal); Bangladesh; Nicobar Isl. (Great Nicobar Isl., Little Nicobar Isl.); Vietnam; Philippines (Luzon, Mindanao); Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, etc.); USA [I] (Pennsylvania [I])

31 RFE 33 geo 36 CHI TIB 38 JAP KOR NKO NNS TAI 40 BAN BHU IND NEP 41 NCB VIE 42 JAW LSI PHI 75 usa

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria cespitosa (Blume) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 48: 779 (1934)

= Persicaria giranensis (Ohki) Ohki ex Nakai; Rigakkai 24: 300 (1926)

= Persicaria kawakamii (Ohki) Sasaki; List Pl. Formosa: 169 (1928)

= Persicaria posumbu (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) Nakai; Mori, Enum. Pl. Cor. 133 (1922), isonym

= Persicaria posumbu f. albiflora (Iwata) Yonek.; Fl. Japan 2a: 167 (2006)

= Persicaria posumbu f. stenophylla (Makino) H.Hara; Fl. E. Himal.: 634 (1966)

= Persicaria posumbu var. albiflora Iwata; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 54: 74 (1940)

= Persicaria posumbu var. laxiflora (Meisn.) H.Hara; Fl. E. Himalaya 634 (1966)

= Persicaria posumbu var. stenophylla (Makino) Yonek. & H.Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 72(3): 159 (1997)

= Persicaria yokusaiana (Makino) Nakai; Rigakkai 24: 4, p. 13 (1925), Honda in Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 43: 190 (1929)

= Persicaria yokusaiana f. albiflora (Iwata) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 17: 338 (1941)

= Persicaria yokusaiana f. stenophylla (Makino) Hiyama; J. Jap. Bot. 37: 29 (1962)

= Persicaria yokusaiana var. laxiflora (Meisn.) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 17: 339 (1941)

= Persicaria yokusaiana var. stenophylla (Makino) Honda; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 43: 190 (1929)

= Polygonum cespitosum Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 532 (1826)

= Polygonum cespitosum subsp. yokusaianum (Makino) Danser; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg ser.3 8: 153 (1927)

= Polygonum cespitosum var. flos-album S.S.Lai; Fl. Jiangxi 2: 1055 (2004), without type

= Polygonum cespitosum var. laxiflorum Meisn.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 57 (1865)

= Polygonum cespitosum var. seminudum Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 57 (1865)

= Polygonum decumbens Bruijn; Miq. Pl. Jungh. 307 (1854)

= Polygonum donii Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 1723 B (1829), nom. inval.

= Polygonum giranense Ohki; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 39: 260 (1925)

= Polygonum gracile Reinw. ex Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 57 (1865), nom. inval.

= Polygonum kawakamii Ohki; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 39: 261 (1925)

= Polygonum posumbu Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don; Prod. Fl. Nep. 71 (1825)

= Polygonum posumbu f. albiflorum (Iwata) Murata; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 32(1-4): 50 (1981)

= Polygonum posumbu var. stenophyllum (Makino) Murata; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 32(1-4): 50 (1981)

= Polygonum procumbens Bruijn; Miq. Pl. Jungh. 307 (1854)

= Polygonum rhizocaulon Bruijn; Miq. Pl. Jungh. 306 (1854)

= Polygonum yokusaianum Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 28: 116 (1914)

= Polygonum yokusaianum var. stenophyllum Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 28: 117 (1914)

subspecies :

subsp. mearnsii (Elmer) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 154 (1974)

Distribution: Philippines

42 PHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum mearnsii Elmer; Leaflets Philipp. Bot. 1: 289 (1908)

species :

Persicaria praetermissa (Hook.f.) H.Hara; Fl. E. Himalaya. 73 (1966)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Primorye); China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, ?Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Tibet; South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Meghalaya); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Myanmar; Thailand; Cambodia; Vietnam; Philippines (Luzon)

31 RFE 36 CHI TIB 38 JAP KOR NNS TAI 40 BAN BHU IND NEP SRL 41 CBD MYA THA VIE 42 PHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria auriculata (Makino) Masam.; Mem. Fac. Sci. & Agric. Taihoku Imp. Univ. xi., Bot. No. 4, 173 (1934), nom. superfl.

= Persicaria birmanica (Gage) S.S.Dash & P.Singh; J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 98(3): 363 (2001)

= Persicaria hastatoauriculata (Makino ex Nakai) H.Gross ex Nakai; Chiisan shokubutsu chosa Hokoku (Fl. Chiisan) 30 (1915)

= Polygonum auriculatum Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 17: 117 (1903) (not Meisn. 1826, nor Hook.f. & Thomson 1886

= Polygonum birmanicum Gage; Rec. Bot. Surv. India 2: 412 (1903)

= Polygonum hastatoauriculatum Makino ex Nakai; Rigakkai 24: 299 (1926)

= Polygonum muricatum var. auriculatum Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 133 (1856)

= Polygonum praetermissum Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 47 (1886)

= Polygonum thunbergii subvar. eciliolatum H.Lév.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 51: 423 (1904)

= Tracaulon praetermissum (Hook.f.) Greene; Leaflets Bot. Obs. 1: 22 (1904)

= Truellum hastatoauriculatum (Makino ex Nakai) Soják; Preslia. 46(2): 146 (1974)

= Truellum praetermissum (Hook.f) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 148 (1974)

species :

Persicaria prostrata (R.Br.) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 154 (1974)

Distribution: Australia (Western Australia, South Australia, Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania); New Zealand

50 AUS 51 NZL

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum prostratum R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland 419 (1810)

species :

Persicaria pubescens (Blume) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 17: 335 (1941)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; Pakistan (Punjab, Kurram); Nepal; Bhutan; India (throughout); Bangladesh; Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia; Philippines (Luzon); Java

36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO NNS TAI 40 BAN BHU IND NEP PAK 41 CBD LAO THA VIE 42 JAW MLY PHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria donii (Meisn.) Nakai; Rigakkai 24: 300 (1926), et Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 45: 114 (1931)

= Persicaria flaccida (Meisn.) H.Gross; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 37(2): 112 (1919)

= Persicaria hydropiper subsp. flaccida (Meisn.) Munshi & Javeid; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot., Addit. Ser. 2: 76 (1986)

= Persicaria hydropiper subsp. microcarpa (Danser) Soják; Preslia 46: 153 (1974)

= Persicaria hydropiper subsp. oryzetum (Blume) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 153 (1974)

= Persicaria pubescens f. acuminata (Franch. & Sav.) Hiyama; J. Jap. Bot. 37: 96 (1962)

= Persicaria pubescens f. macrantha M.Mizush.; J. Jap. Bot. 33: 145 (1958)

= Persicaria pubescens var. acuminata (Franch. & Sav.) H.Hara; Fl. E. Himal.: 74 (1966)

= Persicaria roettleri var. acuminata (Franch. & Sav.) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 14: 74 (1938)

= Polygonum babingtonii Endl.; Gen. Suppl. 4(2): 47 (1848)

= Polygonum barbatum Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 29 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 2: 289 (1824)

= Polygonum biscatilium Buch.-Ham. ex Wall.; Cat. p. 215. sub n. 1723 (1830) et ex Meisn., DC. Prod. 14: 106 (1857)

= Polygonum bisculatium Ham. ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 5: 39 (1886), nom. inval.

= Polygonum donii Meisn.; Monogr. Polyg.: 72 (1826)

= Polygonum flaccidum Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 107 (1856), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum flaccidum var. hispidum (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) Hook.f.

= Polygonum hamiltonii Spreng.; Syst. Veg. ed. 16. 4(2): 155 (1827)

= Polygonum hispidum Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don; Prod. Fl. Nep. 71 (1825)

= Polygonum hydropiper subsp. microcarpum Danser; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, sér. 3, 8: 188 (1927)

= Polygonum hydropiper var. acuminatum Franch. & Sav.; Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 474 (1878)

= Polygonum hydropiper var. flaccidum (Meisn.) Steward; Contr. Gray Herb. 88: 59 (1930)

= Polygonum hydropiper var. hispidum (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) Steward

= Polygonum leptostachyum Bruijn; Miq., Pl. Jungh.: 307 (1854)

= Polygonum oryzetorum Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 532 (1826)

= Polygonum pubescens Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 532 (1826)

= Polygonum pubescens subsp. prianganicum Danser; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, sér. 3, 8: 194 (1927)

= Polygonum rivulare Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 107 (1856), nom. inval.

= Polygonum spirale Noronha; Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunsten 5(4): 25 (1790), nomen

= Polygonum tenellum Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 29 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 2: 289 (1824)

species :

Persicaria pulchra (Blume) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 154 (1974)

Distribution: Egypt [I] (Nile Delta [I]); China (Guangdong, Guangxi); Taiwan; India (Assam, Kerala, Maharashtra, West Bengal); Sri Lanka; Andaman Isl. (South Andamans); Myanmar (Mandalay, Yangon); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Perlis, Penang, Perak, Melaka); Sumatra; Philippines (throughout); Java

20 egy 36 CHI 38 TAI 40 IND SRL 41 AND CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 JAW MLY PHI SUM

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria attenuata subsp. pulchra (Blume) K.L.Wilson; Kew Bull. 45(4): 629 (1990)

= Polygonum pulchrum Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 530 (1826), nom. illeg.

species :

Persicaria punctata (Elliott) Small; Fl. S. E. U. S. 379 (1903)

Name: Dotted smartweed

Distribution: Nepal [I]; New Zealand [I]; Hawaii [I] (Hawaii Isl. [I]); Canada (British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Quebec, Saskatchewan); USA (Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, Washington State, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming); Bermuda; Mexico (Aguascalientes, Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Zacatecas); Guatemala; Belize; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Bahamas; Cuba; Cayman Isl.; Jamaica; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Guadeloupe; Marie-Galante; Martinique; St. Lucia; St. Vincent; Trinidad; Colombia (Antioquia, Boyacá, Chocó, Cundinamarca, Magdalena, Meta, Santander, Valle); Venezuela (Amazonas, Anzoategui?, Apure, Aragua, Barinas, Carabobo, Cojedes?, Delta Amacuro, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Guarico?, Lara, Merida, Miranda, Portuguesa, Sucre, Tachira, Trujillo); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Galapagos; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, La Paz, Pando, Tarija); Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); N-Brazil (Roraima, Pará, Amazonas, Acre); NE-Brazil (Maranhao, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Bahia); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goiás, Brasilia Distrito Federal, Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); Paraguay (Alto Paraguay, Alto Paraná, Amambay, Caazapa, Canindeyu, Central, Concepcion, Cordillera, Guaira, Itapua, Neembucu, Paraguari, Pres. Hayes, San Pedro); Uruguay (Canelones, Rocha, San Jose, Tacuarembo); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Cordoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Jujuy, La Rioja, Misiones, Neuquen, Salta, Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, San Juan, San Luis, Tucuman)

40 nep 51 nzl 63 haw 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 80 BLZ COS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 BAH BER CAY CUB GDL HIS JAM MAR PUE STL STV TRT 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL ECU GAL PER 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU

Synonyms: hidden

= Discolenta punctata (Elliott) Raf.; New Fl. Am. 4: 48 (1836)

= Mitesia punctata (Elliott) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 15 (1837)

= Persicaria acris (Kunth) M.Gómez; Anales Inst. Segunda Ensenanza Habana 2: 277 (1896)

= Persicaria punctata var. confertiflora (Meisn.) D.Löve & J.-P.Bernard; Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 53: 391 (1959)

= Persicaria punctata var. eciliata (Small) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S.: 379 (1903)

= Persicaria punctata var. tacubayana Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 131 (1913)

= Peutalis punctata (Elliott) Raf.; New Fl. Am. 4: 48 (1836)

= Polygonum acre f. albiflorum Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 553 (1891)

= Polygonum acre Kunth; Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 179 (1817)

= Polygonum acre var. aquatile (Mart.) Meisn.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 5(1): 18 (1855)

= Polygonum acre var. brachystachyum Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14(1): 108 (1856)

= Polygonum acre var. riparium (Mart.) Meisn.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 5(1): 18 (1855)

= Polygonum antihaemorrhoidale f. aquatile Mart.; Reise Bras. (Spix & Mart.) 2: 550 (1828)

= Polygonum antihaemorrhoidale f. riparium Mart.; Reise Bras. (Spix & Mart.) 2: 550 (1828)

= Polygonum antihaemorrhoidale Mart.; Reise Bras. (Spix & Mart.) 2: 550 (1828)

= Polygonum antihaemorrhoidale var. aquatile (Mart.) Mart.; Linnaea 5(Lit.): 41 (1830)

= Polygonum antihaemorrhoidale var. riparium (Mart.) Mart.; Linnaea 5(Litt.): 41 (1830)

= Polygonum distachyum Mart. ex Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 108 (1857)

= Polygonum eciliatum (Small) W.Stone; Rep. (Annual) New Jersey State Mus. 1910: 423 (1911)

= Polygonum epilobioides Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. III. 13: 254 (1849)

= Polygonum gracilescens Mart. ex Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 108 (1856), nom. inval.

= Polygonum maritimum Vell.; Fl. Flumin. 161 4: t. 39 (1829)

= Polygonum punctatum Elliott; Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 1: 455 (1817)

= Polygonum punctatum f. longicollum Fassett; Brittonia 6: 379 (1949)

= Polygonum punctatum f. stipitatum Fassett; Caldasia 4: 223. (1946)

= Polygonum punctatum var. aquatile (Mart.) Fassett; Caldasia 4: 221 (1946)

= Polygonum punctatum var. eciliatum Small; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 20: 214 (1893)

= Polygonum punctatum var. ellipticum Fassett; Brittonia 6: 375 (1949)

= Polygonum punctatum var. littorale Fassett; Brittonia 6: 379 (1949)

= Polygonum punctatum var. mexicanum Fassett; Brittonia 6: 381 (1949)

= Polygonum punctatum var. parviflorum Fassett; Brittonia 6: 381 (1949)

= Polygonum punctatum var. riparium (Mart.) Fassett; Brittonia 6: 382 (1949)

= Polygonum punctatum var. tacubayanum (Nieuwl.) Fassett; Brittonia 6: 374 (1949)

= Polygonum riparium Mart. ex Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 108 (1857)

variant :

var. leptostachya (Meisn.) Small; Fl. S. E. U. S. [Small] 379, 1330 (1903)

Name: Dotted smartweed

Distribution: USA (Arkansas, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, Montana, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Vermont, Washington State, Wisconsin, West Virginia, Wyoming)

73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum acre var. leptostachyum Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14(1): 108 (1856)

= Polygonum punctatum var. leptostachyum (Meisn.) Small; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 19: 356 (1892)

= Polygonum punctatum var. parvum Vict. & J.Rousseau; Contr. Inst. Bot. Univ. Montréal 36: 13 (1940)

species :

Persicaria robustior (Small) E.P.Bicknell; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 36: 455 (1909)

Name: Stout smartweed

Distribution: Canada (Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec); USA (Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Indiana, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Texas, Virginia); Central America; South America

72 CDN 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria punctata var. robustior (Small) Small; Fl. S. E. U. S. [Small]. 379, 1330 (1903)

= Polygonum acre var. robustius (Small) Farw.; Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 20: 174 (1919)

= Polygonum punctatum var. robustius Small; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 21: 477 (1894)

= Polygonum robustium (Small) Fernald; Rhodora 23: 147 (1921), in adnot.

species :

Persicaria rotunda (Z.Z.Zhou & Q.Y.Sun) Bo Li; PhytoKeys 126: 129 (2019)

Distribution: China

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum jucundum var. rotundum Z.Z.Zhou & Q.Y.Sun; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 45(5): 714 (2007)

= Persicaria jucunda var. rotunda (Z.Z.Zhou & Q.Y.Sun) B.Li; Phytotaxa 91(1): 24 (2013)

species :

Persicaria rubricaulis (Cham.) Galasso; Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Milano 150(1): 136 (2009)

Distribution: Brazil (Paraná); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo); Paraguay (Caaguazu)

84 BRA 85 PAR

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum rubricaule Cham.; Linnaea 8: 130 (1833)

= Tracaulon rubricaule (Cham.) Greene; Leaflets Bot. Obs. 1: 22 (1904)

= Truellum rubricaule (Cham.) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 148 (1974)

species :

Persicaria runcinata (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) Masam.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 51: 234 (1937)

Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus] [I]; China (Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet; Taiwan; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Assam, Jammu & Kashmir, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal); Myanmar (Kachin); Thailand; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia; Philippines; Java; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)

33 geo 36 CHI TIB 38 TAI 40 BHU IND NEP 41 MYA THA VIE 42 JAW MLY NWG PHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Cephalophilon runcinatum (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 26: 67 (1989)

= Persicaria morrisonensis (Hayata) Nakai; Rigakkai 24: 298 (1926)

= Polygonum morrisonense Hayata; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 25(19): 185 (1908)

= Polygonum panduriforme H.Lév. & Vaniot; Bull. Acad. Geogr. Bot. 11: 343 (1902)

= Polygonum reticulatum Bruijn; Miq., Pl. Jungh.: 309 (1854), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum runcinatum Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don; Prod. Fl. Nep. 73 (1825)

= Polygonum runcinatum var. alpinum P.Royen; Alpine Fl. New Guinea 3: 2389 (1982)

= Polygonum truncatum Zoll. & Moritzi; Nat. en Geneesk. Arch. Neerl. Indie 2: 214 (1845)

variant :

var. sinensis (Hemsl.) B.Li; Phytotaxa 91(1): 25 (2013)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, ?Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Tibet

36 CHI TIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum runcinatum var. exauriculatum Lingelsh.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 12: 361 (1922)

= Polygonum runcinatum var. sinense Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26: 347 (1891)

species :

Persicaria sagittata (L.) H.Gross; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 37(2): 113 (1919)

Name: Arrowleaf tearthumb

Distribution: Ireland [I]; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, W-Siberia); Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Kuril Isl., Primorye, Sakhalin); China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, ?Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shandong, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Mongolia; North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu); Taiwan; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Himachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Manipur, Uttarakhand); Canada (Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Quebec); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin); Dominican Republic; Venezuela (Monagas)

10 ire 30 SIB 31 RFE 36 CHI 37 MON 38 JAP KOR NKO TAI 40 BHU IND NEP 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA 81 HIS 82 VEN

Remarks: separation of P. sieboldii highly disputed

Synonyms: hidden

= Helxine sagittatum (L.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 10, 95 (1837)

= Persicaria aestiva (Makino) Ohki; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 40: 55 (1926)

= Persicaria anguillana (Koidz.) Honda; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 53: 383 (1939)

= Persicaria belophylla (Litv. ex Grigorj.) Kitag.; Neo-Lineam. Fl. Manshur.: 232 (1979)

= Persicaria sagittata f. aestiva (Makino) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 55: 212 (1980)

= Persicaria sagittata f. paludosa (Kom.) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 55: 212 (1980)

= Persicaria sagittata f. pilosa (H.Hara) H.Hara; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6(2): 38 (1952)

= Persicaria sagittata f. sericea (Nakai) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 55(7): 213(1980)

= Persicaria sagittata f. tomentosa (H.Hara) H.Hara; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6(2): 38 (1952)

= Persicaria sagittata f. viridialba (Honda) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 55: 213 (1980)

= Persicaria sagittata var. sericea (Nakai) Nakai; Mori, Enum. Pl. Corea: 133 (1922)

= Persicaria sagittata var. sibirica (Meisn.) Miyabe; J. Fac. Agr. Hokkaido Imp. Univ. Sapporo 26: 520 (1934)

= Persicaria sagittata var. sieboldii (Meisn.) Nakai; Saishu-to Kuan-to Shokubutsu Hokoku-sho [Fl. Quelpaert Isl.]: 41 (1914)

= Persicaria sericea H.Gross; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 23: 31 (1913)

= Persicaria sieboldii (Meisn.) Ohki; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 40: 54 (1926)

= Persicaria sieboldii f. espinulosa Seriz.; Shidekobushi 1(1): 53 (2008)

= Persicaria sieboldii f. laevicaulis Seriz.; Shidekobushi 1(1): 53 (2008)

= Persicaria sieboldii f. pilosa H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 9: 126 (1933)

= Persicaria sieboldii var. aestiva (Ohki) Okuyama; Col. Ill. Wild. Pl. Japan 2: 115, index: 18 (1957)

= Persicaria sieboldii var. paludosa (Kom.) Nakai ex Kitag.; Lin. Fl. Manshur. 180 (1939)

= Persicaria sieboldii var. sericea Nakai ex T.B.Lee; Neolin. Fl. Manshur. 585 (1979)

= Persicaria sieboldii var. tomentosa H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 9: 125 (1933)

= Polygonum aestivum (Makino) Makino; Ill. Fl. Japan: 622 (1948)

= Polygonum anguillanum Koidz.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 8: 51 (1939)

= Polygonum belophyllum Litv. ex Grigorjev; Spisok Rast. Gerb. Fl. S.S.S.R. Bot. Inst. Vsesojuzn. Akad. Nauk 9: 25 (1932)

= Polygonum paludosum (Kom.) Kom.; Fl. URSS 5: 726 (1936), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum sagittata var. sieboldii (Meisn.) Nakai

= Polygonum sagittatum f. aestivum (Makino) Murata; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 32: 48 (1981)

= Polygonum sagittatum f. chloranthum Fernald; Rhodora 19: 134 (1917)

= Polygonum sagittatum f. luxurians Korsh.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 12: 383 (1892)

= Polygonum sagittatum f. pilosum (H.Hara) Murata; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 32: 48 (1981)

= Polygonum sagittatum f. sericeum (Nakai) Murata; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 32(1-4): 49 (1981)

= Polygonum sagittatum f. tomentosum (H.Hara) Murata; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 32(1-4): 49 (1981)

= Polygonum sagittatum f. viridialbum (Honda) Murata; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 32(1-2): 49 (1981)

= Polygonum sagittatum L.; Sp. Pl. 363 (1753)

= Polygonum sagittatum subsp. sieboldii (Meisn.) Vorosch.; A. K. Skvortsov (ed.), Florist. issl. v razn. raionakh SSSR: 164 (1985)

= Polygonum sagittatum var. aestivum (Ohki) Makino ex Koidz.; Fl. Symb. Orient.-Asiat.: 13 (1930)

= Polygonum sagittatum var. boreale Meisn.; Monogr. Polyg. 65 (1826)

= Polygonum sagittatum var. gracilentum Fernald; Rhodora 44: 393 (1942)

= Polygonum sagittatum var. hallaisanense H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8: 171 (1910)

= Polygonum sagittatum var. ovalifolium Farw.; Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 3: 95 (1924)

= Polygonum sagittatum var. paludosum Kom.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 22: 133 (1904)

= Polygonum sagittatum var. sericeum Nakai; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 11: 16 (1908)

= Polygonum sagittatum var. sibiricum Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 132 (1856)

= Polygonum sagittatum var. sieboldii (Meisn.) Maxim. ex Kom.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 22: 132 (1903)

= Polygonum sieboldii Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 133 (1856)

= Polygonum sieboldii var. aesticum (Makino) Ohwi; Fl. Jap.: 465 (1953)

= Polygonum sieboldii var. aestivum (Ohki) Ohwi; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 33: 70 (1953)

= Polygonum sieboldii var. brevifolia Kitag.

= Polygonum sieboldii var. pratense Y.L.Chang & S.X.Li; Fl. Pl. Herb. Chin. Bor.-Or. 2: 109 (1959)

= Tasoba sagittata (L.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 95 (1836)

= Tracaulon sagittatum (L.) Small; Fl. S. E. U. S. 381 (1903)

= Tracaulon sagittatum f. chloranthum (Fernald) Moldenke; Castanea 7: 125 (1943)

= Tracaulon sagittatum f. subalbidum Moldenke; Castanea 9: 41 (1944)

= Tracaulon sagittatum var. gracilentum (Fernald) C.F.Reed; Phytologia 50(7): 461 (1982)

= Tracaulon sibiricum (Meisn.) Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 22 (1904)

= Tracaulon sieboldii (Meisn.) Greene; Leaflets Bot. Obs. 1: 22 (1904)

= Truellum aestivum (Ohki) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 145 (1974)

= Truellum paludosum (Kom.) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 148 (1974)

= Truellum sagittatum (L.) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 149 (1974)

= Truellum sericeum (Nakai) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 149 (1974)

= Truellum sibiricum (Meisn.) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 149 (1974)

= Truellum sieboldii (Meisn.) Soják; Preslia 46(21: 149 (1974)

species :

Persicaria sagittifolia H.Gross; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 49(2): 248 (1913)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria senticosa var. sagittifolia (H.Gross) Yonek. & H.Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 72: 160 (1997)

= Polygonum darrisii H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 297 (1912)

= Polygonum sagittifolium H.Lév. & Vaniot; Bull. Acad. Int. Geogr. Bot. 11: 342 (1902), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum senticosum var. sagittifolium (H.Gross) C.W.Park; Brittonia 38: 218 (1986)

= Truellum darrisii (H.Lév.) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 145 (1974)

species :

Persicaria segetum (Kunth) Small; Fl. S. E. U. S. 378 (1903)

Distribution: Mexico (Aguascalientes, Baja California Norte, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Zacatecas); Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Cuba; Jamaica; Puerto Rico; Colombia (Antioquia, Bolívar, Córdoba, Cundinamarca); Venezuela (Merida, Zulia); Ecuador; Peru

79 MEX 80 COS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 CUB JAM PUE 82 CLM VEN 83 ECU PER

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria ludoviciana (Meisn.) Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 24 (1904)

= Persicaria mexicana (Small) Small; Fl. S. E. U. S. 377 (1903)

= Polygonum acuminatum M.Martens & Galeotti; Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 10(4): 12 (1843), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum ludovicianum Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 116 (1856)

= Polygonum mexicanum Small; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 19: 356 (1892), et Monogr. N. Am. Polygon. (Mem. Bot. Columb. Coll. i.) 60 (1895)

= Polygonum segetum Kunth; Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 177 (1817)

= Polygonum segetum var. lindenii Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 121 (1856)

= Polygonum segetum var. stamineum Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 121 (1856)

= Polygonum segetum var. verrucosum Stanford; Rhodora 27: 178 (1925)

species :

Persicaria senegalensis (Meisn.) Soják; Preslia 46: 155 (1974)

Name: Senegal-Knöterich (DE); Senegal Knotweed (EN)

Distribution: Crete [I]; Morocco; Algeria; Egypt (Desert Oases, Great Southwestern Desert, Nile Delta, Nile Valley, NW-coastal Egypt); Senegal; Gambia; Guinea-Bissau; Mali; Burkina Faso; Togo; Benin; Niger; Nigeria; Cameroon; São Tomé; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; ?Burundi; SW-Chad; Sudan; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Somalia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Zimbabwe; ?Mozambique; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal); Eswatini [Swaziland]; +St. Helena; Madagascar; Comores (Mayotte, etc.); Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; Seychelles; East Aegaean Isl. [I] (Rhodos [I]); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley); Sinai peninsula (N-Sinai); N-Yemen

13 kri 20 ALG EGY MOR 22 BEN BKN GAM GNB MLI NGA NGR SEN TOG 23 CAF CMN CON GAB RWA SAO ZAI 24 CHA ERI ETH SOM SSU SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG ZAM ZIM 27 BOT NAM SAF SWZ 28 STH 29 COM mau MDG reu SEY 34 eai ISR SIN 35 YEM

Synonyms: hidden

= Amblygonum senegalense (Meisn.) P.D.Sell; Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland 1: 686 (2018)

= Persicaria sambesiaca (J.Schust.) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 155 (1974)

= Persicaria tanganyikae (J.Schust.) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 155 (1974)

= Polygonum macrochaeton Fresen.; Flora 21: 601 (1838)

= Polygonum sambesicum J.Schust.; Bull. Herb. Boiss. Ser. II. 8: 708 (1908)

= Polygonum sambesicum var. angustifolium Peter; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 40(2, Anh.): 21 (1932)

= Polygonum senegalense Meisn.; Monogr. Polyg. 54 (1826)

= Polygonum senegalense var. numidicum Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 22: 313 (1931)

= Polygonum senegalense var. robustum Cavaco; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., sér. 2, 22: 295 (1950)

= Polygonum senegalense var. usambarense Dammer; Engl., Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas, C: 170 (1895)

= Polygonum tanganikae J.Schust.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 8: 709 (1908)

= Polygonum tanganikae var. ciliatum Peter; Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen, Math.-Phys. Kl., n.f. 13(2): 53, 119 (1928)

form :

f. albotomentosa (R.A.Graham) K.L.Wilson; Kew Bull. 45(4): 630 (1990)

Distribution: Gambia; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; SW-Chad; South Sudan; Angola; Mozambique; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Eswatini [Swaziland]; Mauritius [I]; etc.

22 GAM GNB GUI 23 CAF CON GAB 24 CHA SSU 26 ANG MOZ 27 BOT SAF SWZ 29 mau

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria bussei (Peter) Soják; Preslia 46: 153 (1974)

= Persicaria lapathifolia subsp. africana (Meisn.) Soják; Preslia. 46(2): 153 (1974)

= Polygonum bussei Peter; Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen, Math.-Phys. Kl., n.f. 13(2): 53 (1928)

= Polygonum lanigerum var. africanum Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 117 (1856)

= Polygonum lanigerum var. salicifolium Peter; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 40(2, Anh.): 21 (1932)

= Polygonum lanigerum var. subciliatum Peter; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 40(2, Anh.): 21 (1932)

= Polygonum senegalense f. albotomentosum R.A.Graham; Kew Bull. 10: 258 (1956)

= Polygonum senegalense subsp. albotomentosum (R.A.Graham) Germish.; Bothalia 16: 233 (1986)

species :

Persicaria senticosa (Meisn.) H.Gross; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 37(2): 113 (1919)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Khabarovsk, Primorye); China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong, Yunnan, Zhejiang); North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; Vietnam

31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO NNS TAI 41 VIE

Synonyms: hidden

= Chylocalyx senticosus Meisn.; Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 2: 65 (1865)

= Persicaria arcuata (Greene) Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 24 (1904)

= Persicaria senticosa (Meisn.) Nakai; Mori, Enum. Pl. Cor. 133 (1922)

= Persicaria truellum (Koidz.) Honda; Inui & Honda, List Pl. Itsukushima, 11 (1934)

= Polygonum babingtonii Hance; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 5, 5: 239 (1866), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum senticosum (Meisn.) Franch. & Sav.; Enum. Pl. Jap. 1: 401 (1875)

= Polygonum senticosum var. formosanum Ohwi

= Polygonum truellum Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 40: 334 (1926)

= Polygonum typhoniifolium Hance; Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. V. 5: 239 (1866)

= Truellum japonicum Houtt.; Nat. Hist. 2(8): 427 (1777)

= Truellum senticosum (Meisn.) Danser; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. Ser. III. 8: 31 (1926)

species :

Persicaria serrulata (Lag.) Webb & Moq.; Webb & Berthel., Hist. Nat. Iles Canaries 3(2; 3): 219 (1846)

Name: Weidenblättriger Knöterich (DE); Sanguinaria de agua (ES)

Distribution: Portugal; Spain; Baleares; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Malta; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Albania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece; Crete; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (Great Southwestern Desert, Nile Delta, Nile Valley, NW-coastal Egypt); Azores (Santa Maria Isl., Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Flores Isl., Corvo Isl.); Madeira (Madeira Isl.); Canary Isl. (Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera); Senegal; Gambia; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Niger; Nigeria; Cameroon; São Tomé; Annobon Isl.; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; Chad; ?Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Somalia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; Eswatini [Swaziland]; Madagascar; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Samos, Kos, Rhodos); Turkey (NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia); Iraq (SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia, S-Iraq); Cyprus (N-Cyprus); Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, Jbel Druze, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel); Sinai peninsula (N-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Yemen (W-Yemen); Taiwan [I]; Pakistan (Quetta, N. W. Frontier Prov., Peshawar, etc.); Bangladesh [I]; Sri Lanka [I]; Philippines [I]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], Northern Territory [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I])

12 BAL COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KRI MLT MNT SIC TUE 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 21 AZO CNY MDR 22 BEN BKN GAM GHA GUI IVO LBR MLI NGA NGR SEN SIE TOG 23 ANN BUR CAF CMN CON GAB RWA SAO ZAI 24 CHA ERI ETH SOM 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT LES NAM SAF SWZ 29 MDG 34 CYP EAI IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR TUR 35 YEM 38 tai 40 ban PAK srl 42 phi 50 aus

Remarks: sometimes included in the Australian P. decipiens. If those two are not conspecific, P. serrulata would have probably priority over P. salicifolia as the first available valid name

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria salicifolia (Brouss. ex Willd.) Assenov; Jordanov, Fl. Nar. Rep. Bulg. 3: 243 (1966), nom. illeg., non Gray 1821

= Persicaria salicifolia (Brouss. ex Willd.) Munshi & Javeid; Syst. Stud. Polygonac. Kashmir Himalaya (J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. Addit. Ser. 2): 73 (1986), isonym, nom. illeg., non Gray 1821

= Persicaria salicifolia subsp. mambillensis Ayodele; Feddes Repert. 113: 516 (2002)

= Persicaria serrulata (Lag.) M.A.Hassan; Bangladesh J. Pl. Taxon. 4(1): 99 (1997), isonym

= Persicaria serrulata var. asiatica Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 45: 114 (1931)

= Polygonum abyssinicum A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 225 (1850)

= Polygonum acre Meisn.; Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 57 (1832), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum adoense Gand.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 66: 225 (1919)

= Polygonum azoricum H.C.Watson ex Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 111 (1857)

= Polygonum divaricatum Poir.; Lam., Encycl. 6: 148 (1804), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum erythropus Dammer; Engl., Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas, C: 170 (1895)

= Polygonum flaccidum Roxb.; Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 2: 291 (1832)

= Polygonum glabrum Roxb. ex D.Don; Prodr. Fl. Nepal.: 71 (1825), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum leuconeuron Peter; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 40(2, Anhang): 20 (1932)

= Polygonum macrochaetum Miq.; Linnaea 18: 242 (1845)

= Polygonum minus Ten.; Syll. Pl. Fl. Neapol.: 196 (1831), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum mite subsp. serrulatum (Lag.) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France: 275 (1894)

= Polygonum pseudohydropiper Salzm. ex Ball; J. Linn. Soc. 16: 653 (1878)

= Polygonum pseudohydropiper Salzm. ex Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 110 (1856), pro syn.

= Polygonum rapte Ham. ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 5: 38 (1886), nom. inval.

= Polygonum rubicundum Sol. ex Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 111 (1856), nom. inval.

= Polygonum salicifolium Brouss. ex Willd.; Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol.: 428 (1809)

= Polygonum salicifolium var. serrulatum (Lag.) Maire & Weiller; Fl. Afrique N. T. 249 (1961)

= Polygonum scabrum Poir.; Lam., Encycl. 6: 148 (1804) (non Moench 1794)

= Polygonum scabrum var. salicifolium (Brouss. ex Willd.) Dinsm.; Fl. Palaest., ed. 2, 2: 471 (1933)

= Polygonum serrulatoides H.Lindb.; Itin. Mediterr. (Act. Soc. Sci. Fenn. n. s. B 1: No. 2) 40 (1932)

= Polygonum serrulatoides var. pseudohydropiper H.Lindb.; Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn., Ser. B, Opera Biol. 1(2): 40 (1932)

= Polygonum serrulatum f. polystachyum Peter; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 40(2): 189 (1932)

= Polygonum serrulatum Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl.: 14 (1816)

= Polygonum serrulatum var. angustifolium Peter; Abh. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Phys. Kl., n.f. 13(2): 52 (1928)

= Polygonum serrulatum var. bequaertii De Wild.; Pl. Bequaert. 5: 265 (1931)

= Polygonum serrulatum var. salicifolium (Brouss. ex Willd.) Ball; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 653 (1878)

= Polygonum sinuatum R.Br.; Salt, Voy. Abyss., App.: Ixiv (1814), nomen

= Polygonum strictum Meisn.; Linnaea 14: 485 (1841), nom. illeg.

species :

Persicaria setacea (Baldwin ex Elliott) Small; Fl. S. E. U. S. 379 (1903)

Name: Bog smartweed

Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Washington); Mexico (Michoacan, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas); Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul); Paraguay (Caazapa, Central, Cordillera, Guaira, Itapua, Misiones, Paraguari, Pres. Hayes, San Pedro); Uruguay (Cerro Largo); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Chaco, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Misiones, Santa Fe, Tucuman)

73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria setacea var. interjecta (Fernald) C.F.Reed; Phytologia 50: 461 (1982)

= Persicaria setacea var. tonsa (Fernald) C.F.Reed; Phytologia 50(7): 461 (1982)

= Polygonum hydropiperoides var. setaceum (Baldwin) Gleason; Phytologia 4: 23 (1952)

= Polygonum hydropiperoides var. virgatum Meisn.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 5(1): 17 (1855)

= Polygonum setaceum Baldwin; Elliott, Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 1: 455 (1817)

= Polygonum setaceum var. interjectum Fernald; Rhodora 40: 414, fig (1938)

= Polygonum setaceum var. tonsum Fernald; Rhodora 40: 414, fig (1938)

= Polygonum virgatum Cham. & Schltdl.; Linnaea 3: 45 (1828), nom. illeg.

species :

Persicaria setosula (A.Rich.) K.L.Wilson; Kew Bull. 45(4): 632 (1990)

Distribution: Togo; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Gabon; E-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; E-Zambia; Zimbabwe; Saudi Arabia (Asir)

22 TOG 23 BIO BUR CMN GAB RWA ZAI 24 ETH SSU 25 KEN TAN 26 ANG ZAM ZIM 35 SAU

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria hololeion (Peter) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 153 (1974)

= Persicaria iseana (Makino) Honda; Jingu Shinchi no Shokubutsu Chosa: 22 (1928)

= Persicaria quarrei (De Wild.) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 154 (1974)

= Polygonum barbatum var. fischeri Dammer; Engl., Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas, C: 169 (1895)

= Polygonum hololeion Peter; Abh. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen, n.f. 13(2): 53 (1928), in clavi, et Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 40(2): Anhang, 19 (1932)

= Polygonum holotrichum Peter; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 40(2, Anhang): 21 (1932)

= Polygonum hydrophilum Peter; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 40(2, Anhang): 20 (1932)

= Polygonum mildbraedii Dammer; Wiss. Ergebn. Deutsch. Zentr.-Afr.-Exped. 1907-8 2: 202 (1911)

= Polygonum nyikense Baker; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1897: 280 (1897)

= Polygonum poiretii var. latifolium Dammer; Engl., Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas, C: 170 (1895)

= Polygonum quarrei De Wild.; Contrib. Fl. Katanga, Suppl. 3, 105 (1930)

= Polygonum setosulum A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 227 (1850)

species :

Persicaria sinica Migo; J. Shanghai Sci. Inst. Sect. 3, 4: 143 (1939)

Distribution: China (Zhejiang)

36 CHI

Remarks: bona sp. fide Li (2014)

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum sinicum (Migo) Y.Y.Fang & C.Z.Zheng; J. Hangzhou Univ., Nat. Sci. Ed. 13: 222 (1986)

species :

Persicaria sinuata (Royle ex Bab.) Rajbh. & R.Joshi; J. Jap. Bot. 70(6): 332 (1995)

Distribution: Pakistan (Baltistan); Nepal; NW-India (Himachal Prasesh, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, West Bengal)

40 IND NEP PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum sinuatum Royle ex Bab.; Trans. Linn. Soc. 18: 108 (1841)

= Cephalophilon sinuatum (Royle ex Bab.) Qaiser & A.Perveen; Pakistan J. Bot. 43(6): 2765 (2011)

species :

Persicaria snobarii Munshi & Javeid; Syst. Stud. Polygonac. Kashmir Himalaya (J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. Addit. Ser. 2): 73 (1986)

Distribution: NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir)

40 IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum snobarii (Munshi & Javeid) R.C.Srivast.; Indian Forester 133(2): 271 (2007)

species :

Persicaria stagnina (Buch.-Ham. ex Meisn.) M.A.Hassan; Bangladesh J. Pl. Taxon. 3(1): 82 (1996)

Distribution: Pakistan (Hazara, Pakistani Punjab); India (almost throughout hotter parts of the country); Bangladesh; Myanmar (widespread)

40 BAN IND PAK 41 MYA

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria barbata subsp. stagnina (Buch.-Ham. ex Meisn.) Soják; Preslia 46: 152 (1974)

= Persicaria barbata var. stagnina (Buch.-Ham. ex Meisn.) Grierson; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 40: 128 (1982)

= Persicaria barbata var. stagnina (Buch.-Ham. ex Meisn.) S.K.Dixit, Datt & G.P.Roy; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 15(2): 313 (1991), isonym

= Persicaria hosseusii H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 496 (1913)

= Polygonum barbatum var. stagninum (Buch.-Ham. ex Meisn.) Steward; Contr. Gray Herb. 88: 54 (1930)

= Polygonum barbatum Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 1708 F (1830)

= Polygonum biscaticlium Buch.-Ham. ex Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 106 (1856), nom. inval.

= Polygonum bishirae Buch.-Ham. ex Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 102 (1856), nom. inval.

= Polygonum conspersum Meisn.; Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 56 (1832)

= Polygonum goyalpara Ham. ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 5: 37 (1886), nom. inval.

= Polygonum goyalparae Buch.-Ham. ex Endl.; Gen. Pl., Suppl. 4(2): 47 (1848)

= Polygonum hamiltonii Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14(1): 104 (1857)

= Polygonum hispidum Bab.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 18: 100 (1838), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum hornemannii Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 107 (1856)

= Polygonum stagninum Buch.-Ham. ex Meisn.; Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 56 (1832)

species :

Persicaria stelligera (Cham.) Galasso; Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Milano 150(1): 136 (2009)

Distribution: Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (São Paulo); Paraguay (Itapua, Misiones, Pres. Hayes, San Pedro); Uruguay (San Jose); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Chaco, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Misiones, Santa Fe)

84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum acanthophyllum Lindau; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: Beibl. n. 48 12 (1894)

= Polygonum bonaerense Speg.; Anal. Soc. Cient. Argent. 15: 104 (1883)

= Polygonum stelligerum Cham.; Linnaea 8: 131 (1833)

= Tracaulon stelligerum (Cham.) Greene; Leaflets Bot. Obs. 1: 22 (1904)

= Truellum stelligerum (Cham.) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 149 (1974)

species :

Persicaria strigosa (R.Br.) Nakai; Rigakkai 24: 299 (1926)

Distribution: Rwanda; Burundi; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Zimbabwe; Madagascar; China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, ?Jiangsu, Yunnan); ?Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Himachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Uttarakhand); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Nicobar Isl. (Central Nicobars); Myanmar (Mandalay, Sagaing); Thailand; Laos; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (once from Penang); Philippines (Luzon); Java; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Australia [I] (South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); New Zealand [I]

23 BUR RWA 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG ZAM ZIM 29 MDG 36 CHI 40 BAN BHU IND NEP SRL 41 LAO MYA NCB THA VIE 42 JAW MLY NWG PHI 50 aus 51 nzl

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria subsagittata (De Wild.) Shao F.Chen & Bo Li; Phytotaxa 224: 196 (2015)

= Polygonum arifolium Spreng.; Syst. Veg. ed. 16. 2: 258 (1825), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum auriculatum Hook.f. & Thomson ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 47 (1886)

= Polygonum bodinieri H.Lév. & Vaniot; Bull. Acad. Geogr. Bot. 11: 343 (1902)

= Polygonum hispidulum Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 535 (1826)

= Polygonum horridum Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 29 (1841), Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 2: 291 (1824)

= Polygonum muricatum Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 1697 (1829), nom. inval.

= Polygonum pedunculare var. subsagittatum De Wild.; Contr. Fl. Katanga, Suppl. 3: 107 (1930)

= Polygonum sagittatum D.Don; Prodr. Fl. Nepal.: 73 (1825), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum strigosum f. sanguineum (Peter) Peter; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 40(2): 189 (1932)

= Polygonum strigosum R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland: 420 (1810)

= Polygonum strigosum var. glabratum Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 614 (1921)

= Polygonum strigosum var. horridum (Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.) Trimen; Syst. Cat. Fl. Pl. Ceylon: 73 (1885)

= Polygonum strigosum var. sanguineum Peter; Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen, Math.-Phys. Kl., n.f. 13(2): 52 (1928)

= Polygonum subsagittatum (De Wild.) C.W.Park; Brittonia 38: 218 (1986)

= Tracaulon hispidulum (Blume) Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 22 (1904)

= Tracaulon strigosum (R.Br.) Greene; Leaflets Bot. Obs. 1: 22 (1904)

= Truellum strigosum (R.Br.) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 149 (1974)

species :

Persicaria strindbergii (J.Schust.) Galasso; Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Milano 150(1): 135 (2009)

Distribution: China (Yunnan); Tibet

36 CHI TIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum strindbergii J.Schust.; Bull. Herb. Boiss. Ser. II. 8: 712 (1908)

species :

Persicaria subsessilis (R.Br.) K.L.Wilson; Telopea 3(2): 180 (1988)

Distribution: Australia (New South Wales, Tasmania); New Caledonia; Vanuatu

50 AUS 60 NWC VAN

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria minor subsp. subsessilis (R.Br.) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 154 (1974)

= Polygonum minus subsp. subsessile (R.Br.) Danser; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, sér. 3, 8: 176 (1927)

= Polygonum subsessile f. glabrescens Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 613 (1921)

= Polygonum subsessile R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland: 419 (1810)

species :

Persicaria subterranea Bo Li; Taiwania 69(2): 241 (2024)

Distribution: Tibet

36 TIB

species :

Persicaria sylvestris Funez & Hassemer; Nordic J. Bot. 36(1-2)-e01631: 2 (2017)

Distribution: Brazil (Santa Catarina, Paraná, São Paulo)

84 BRA

species :

Persicaria taitoinsularis (Masam.) Yonek.; Fl. Jap. (Iwatsuki et al., eds.) 2a: 163 (2006)

Distribution: Japan

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum japonicum var. taitoinsulare Masam.; Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 22: 218 (1932)

species :

Persicaria taquetii (H.Lév.) Koidz.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 9: 72 (1940)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Zhejiang); South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)

36 CHI 38 JAP KOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria minutula (Makino) Nakai; Rigakkai 29: 55 p. 12 (1926)

= Polygonum minutulum Makino; Bot. Mag, Tokyo 28: 112 (1914)

= Polygonum taquetii H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8: 258 (1910)

species :

Persicaria thunbergii (Siebold & Zucc.) H.Gross; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 49: 275 (1913)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Kuril Isl., Primorye, Sakhalin); Georgia [Caucasus]; Turkey (NE-Anatolia); China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, ?Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, ?Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); ?Tibet; North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Taiwan; Nepal; Thailand; Vietnam

31 RFE 33 GEO 34 TUR 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO TAI 40 NEP 41 THA VIE

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria hastatotriloba (Meisn.) Okuyama

= Persicaria oreophila (Makino) Hiyama; J. Jap. Bot. 34: 340 (1959)

= Persicaria oreophila f. rubescens Hanai & Seriz.; Shidekobushi 1(1): 24 (2008)

= Persicaria stellatotomentosa (W.W.Sm. & Ramaswami) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 45: 115 (1931)

= Persicaria thunbergii f. albiflora (Honda) Yonek.; Fl. Japan 2a: 152 (2006)

= Persicaria thunbergii f. foliacea Honda; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 51: 95 (1937)

= Persicaria thunbergii f. viridialba (Iwata) Hanai & Seriz.; Shidekobushi 1(1): 23 (2008)

= Persicaria thunbergii f. viridans (Honda) Hanai & Seriz.; Shidekobushi 1(1): 24 (2008)

= Persicaria thunbergii var. diffusa Honda; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 55: 439 (1941)

= Persicaria thunbergii var. hastata (Meisn.) H.Hara; Fl. E. Himal.: 74 (1966)

= Persicaria thunbergii var. hastatotriloba (Meisn.) Miyabe; J. Fac. Agr. Hokkaido Imp. Univ. Sapporo 26(4): 518 (1934)

= Persicaria thunbergii var. inermis Honda; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 45: 138 (1931)

= Persicaria thunbergii var. oreophila (Makino) Nemoto; Fl. Jap. Suppl. 176 (1936)

= Persicaria thunbergii var. stolonifera (F.Schmidt) H.Gross ex Nakai; Saishu-to Kuan-to Shokubutsu Hokoku-sho [Fl. Quelpaert Isl.] 41 (1914)

= Persicaria thunbergii var. viridi-alba Iwata; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 54(638): 74 (1940)

= Polygonum arifolium Thunb.; Fl. Jap. 168 (1784) non L. 1753

= Polygonum debile var. hastatum Meisn.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 63 (1865)

= Polygonum hastatotrilobum Meisn.; Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 2: 62 (1865)

= Polygonum hastatum Zoll. & Moritzi; Verz. Ind. Archip. 2: 110 (1854), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum oreophilum (Makino) Ohwi; Fl. Jap., ed. rev., 1440 (1965)

= Polygonum pteropus Hance; J. Bot. 7: 167 (1869)

= Polygonum stellatotomentosum W.W.Sm. & Ramaswami; Rec. Bot. Surv. India 6: 33 (1914)

= Polygonum stoloniferum F.Schmidt; Reis. Amur-Land., Bot.: 168 (1868), nom. illeg.

= Polygonum thunbergii Siebold & Zucc.; Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 4(3): 208 (1846)

= Polygonum thunbergii var. hastatotrilobum (Meisn.) Maxim. ex Franch. & Sav.; Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 475 (1878)

= Polygonum thunbergii var. oreophilum Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 27: 251 (1913)

= Polygonum thunbergii var. stoloniferum (F.Schmidt) Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 24: 74 (1910)

= Tracaulon hastatotrilobum (Meisn.) Greene; Leaflets Bot. Obs. 1: 22 (1904)

= Tracaulon thunbergii (Siebold & Zucc.) Greene; Leaflets Bot. Obs. 1: 22 (1904)

= Truellum oreophilum (Makino) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 148 (1974)

= Truellum stellatotomentosum (W.W.Sm. & Ramaswami) Soják; Preslia 46: 149 (1974)

= Truellum thunbergii (Siebold & Zucc.) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 149 (1974)

species :

Persicaria tinctoria (Aiton) H.Gross; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 37(2): 114 (1919)

Name: Chinese Indigo (EN), Färber-Knöterich (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Russian Far East [I] (Kuril Isl. [I], Primorye [I], Sakhalin [I]); Northern Caucasus [I]; China (Anhui, ?Fujian, ?Guangxi, ?Guizhou, ?Hainan, ?Hebei, ?Heilongjiang, ?Henan, Hubei, ?Hunan, ?Jiangsu, ?Shaanxi, ?Shandong, ?Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, ?Zhejiang); South Korea [I]; Ryukyu Isl. [I]; Vietnam

11 ger 31 rfe 33 ncs 36 CHI 38 kor nns 41 VIE

Synonyms: hidden

= Ampelygonum tinctorium (Aiton) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2 (Steud.) 1: 79 (1840)

= Persicaria tinctoria H.Gross; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 49: 321 (1913), nom. illeg.

= Pogalis tinctoria (Aiton) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 15 (1836)

= Polygonum tinctorium Aiton; Hort. Kew., ed. 2, 31 (1789)

= Polygonum tinctorium Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 1: 241 (1790), nom. illeg.

species :

Persicaria trigonocarpa (Makino) Nakai; Rigakkai 24: 12 (1926)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Khabarovsk, Primorye); North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu); Taiwan; Nepal; N-India

31 RFE 38 JAP KOR NKO TAI 40 IND NEP

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria erectominor var. trigonocarpa (Makino) H.Hara ex I.Ito; J. Jap. Bot. 31: 177 (1956)

= Polygonum erectominus var. trigonocarpum (Makino) Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 20: 207 (1962)

= Polygonum leptophyllum Ohwi ex Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 45: 115 (1931)

= Polygonum minus f. trigonocarpum Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 23: 111 (1914)

= Polygonum trigonocarpum (Makino) Kudô & Masam.; Ann. Rep. Taihoku Bot. Gard. 2: 53 (1932)

species :

Persicaria umbrosa (Sam.) Galasso; Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Milano 150(1): 135 (2009)

Distribution: China (Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum umbrosum Sam.; Hand.-Mazz. Symbolae Sinicae, Pt. 7, 182 (1929)

species :

Persicaria undulata (L.) H.Gross; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 37(2): 114 (1919)

Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Atraphaxis inermis Mill.; Gard. Dict. ed. VIII. n. 2 (1768)

= Atraphaxis undulata L.; Sp. Pl. 333 (1753)

= Polygonum atraphaxis Thunb.; Fl. Cap. [Thunberg] ed. 2: 385 (1823)

= Polygonum atraphaxoides Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 1: 77 (1794)

= Polygonum undulatum (L.) P.J.Bergius; Desc. Pl. Cap. 135 (1767)

species :

Persicaria virginiana (L.) Gaertn.; Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 180 (1790)

Name: Jumpseed

Distribution: China [I] (S-Yunnan [I]); Myanmar [I]; New Zealand [I]; Canada (Ontario, Quebec); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin); Mexico (Puebla, Veracruz)

36 chi 41 mya 51 nzl 72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Antenoron filiforme var. kachinum (Nieuwl.) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 40: 192 (1965)

= Antenoron racemosum Raf.; Fl. Ludov. 28 (1817)

= Antenoron virginianum (L.) Roberty & Vautier; Boissiera 10: 35 (1964)

= Antenoron virginianum f. rubrum (Moldenke) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 40: 32 (1965)

= Antenoron virginianum var. glaberrimum (Fernald) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 40: 32 (1965)

= Persicaria virginiana f. rubra (Moldenke) J.M.H.Shaw; Hanburyana 3: 7 (2008)

= Persicaria virginiana var. kachina (Nieuwl.) J.M.H.Shaw; Hanburyana 3: 7 (2008)

= Polygonum muticum Moench; Meth. Suppl. 266 (1802)

= Polygonum virginianum L.; Sp. Pl. 360 (1753)

= Polygonum virginianum var. glaberrimum (Fernald) Steyerm.; Rhodora 62: 130 (1960)

= Polygonum virginianum var. maculatum N.Coleman; Cat. Fl. Pl. S. Pen. Michigan: 33 (1874)

= Sunania filiformis var. kachina (Nieuwl.) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 37: 329 (1962)

= Sunania virginiana (L.) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 37: 330 (1962)

= Sunania virginiana f. rubra (Moldenke) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 37: 330 (1962)

= Sunania virginiana var. glaberrima (Fernald) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 37: 330 (1962)

= Tovara filiformis var. kachina (Nieuwl.) H.L.Li

= Tovara virginiana (L.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 12 (1837)

= Tovara virginiana f. rubra Moldenke; Boissiera 7: 4 (1943)

= Tovara virginiana var. glaberrima Fernald; Rhodora 39: 404 (1937)

= Tovara virginiana var. kachina Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 2: 182 (1912)

species :

Persicaria viscofera (Makino) H.Gross; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 37(2): 114 (1919)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Primorye); China (Anhui, Fujian, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); North Korea; South Korea (incl. Cheju Isl.); Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan

31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO NNS TAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria excurrens (Steward) Koidz.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 9: 73 (1940)

= Persicaria makinoi (Nakai) Nakai; Saishu-to Kuan-to Shokubutsu Hokoku-sho [Fl. Quelpaert Isl.] 41 (1914)

= Persicaria robusta (Makino) Yong J.Li; Fl. Coreana 1: 311 (1996)

= Persicaria viscofera (Makino) Nakai; Mori, Enum. Pl. Cor. 134 (1922) (isonym)

= Persicaria viscofera var. robusta (Makino) Hiyama; J. Jap. Bot. 36: 67 (1961)

= Polygonum excurrens Steward; Contrib. Gray Herb. n. s. 88: 65 (1930)

= Polygonum makinoi (Nakai) Nakai; Index Seminum (TI, Tokyo) 1919-1920: 34 (1920)

= Polygonum viscoferum Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 17: 115 (1903)

= Polygonum viscoferum subsp. robustum (Makino) Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 20: 206 (1962)

= Polygonum viscoferum var. robustum Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 17: 116 (1904)

species :

Persicaria viscosa (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) H.Gross ex Nakai; Rigakkai 24: 300 (1926)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Khabarovsk, Primorye); China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Taiwan; Nepal; India (Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland); Bangladesh; ?Myanmar; Thailand; Vietnam

31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO TAI 40 BAN IND NEP 41 THA VIE

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria agrestis Migo; J. Shanghai Sci. Inst. Sect. 3, 4: 167 (1939)

= Persicaria kuekenthalii H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 286 (1913)

= Polygonum hirsutum Buch.-Ham. ex Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 103 (1857), et ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 36 (1886)

= Polygonum kuekenthalii (H.Lév.) H.Lév.; Cat. Pl. Yun-Nan: 207 (1916)

= Polygonum strigosum Buch.-Ham. ex Meisn.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 14: 129 (1857)

= Polygonum viscosum Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don; Prod. Fl. Nep. 71 (1825)

= Polygonum viscosum var. minor Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 5: 37 (1886)

= Polygonum viscosum var. ramosissimum Meisn.; Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 55 (1832)

= Polygonum viscosum var. vernicosum Meisn.; Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 55 (1832)

species :

Persicaria wellensii (De Wild.) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 155 (1974)

Distribution: W-D.R.Congo [Zaire]

23 ZAI

Remarks: only known from type collected in 1927

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum wellensii De Wild.; Pl. Bequaert. 5: 270 (1931)

species :

Persicaria wugongshanensis B.Li; Phytotaxa 156(3): 134 (2014)

Distribution: China (Jiangxi)

36 CHI

species :

Persicaria ×ambigua (Meisn.) B.Bock; Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest 42: 264 (2012)

Distribution: Germany (Bayern, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Sachsen); Czech Republic; etc.

11 CZE GER

Remarks: Persicaria hydropiper x minor

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria ×subglandulosa (Borbás) Soják; Preslia 46: 155 (1974)

= Polygonum ×ambiguum Meisn.; Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 54 (1832)

= Polygonum ×janoviense Zapal.; Bull. Int. Acad. Sci. Cracovie, Cl. Sci. Math. 1907(6): 631 (1907)

= Polygonum ×martinianum Hy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 56: 546 (1909)

= Polygonum ×subglandulosum Borbás; Fl. Comit. Temesiensis: 33 (1884)

species :

Persicaria ×bicolor (Borbás) Soják; Preslia 46: 152 (1974)

Distribution: Germany (Bayern); etc.

11 GER

Remarks: Persicaria lapathifolia x mitis

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria ×bicolor subsp. silesiaca (Beck) Chrtek; 164 (1990)

= Persicaria ×silesiaca (Beck) Dostál; (1982), nom. inval.

= Polygonum ×bicolor Borbás; Budap. Körn. Növén.: 77 (1878)

= Polygonum ×silesiacum Beck; 81 (1906)

species :

Persicaria ×brauniana (F.W.Schultz) Soják; Preslia 46: 152 (1974)

Distribution: Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Rheinland-Pfalz); Czech Republic; etc.

11 CZE GER

Remarks: Persicaria maculosa x minor

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum ×braunianum F.W.Schultz; Fl. Pfalz: 394 (1846)

species :

Persicaria ×condensata (F.W.Schultz) Soják; 153 (1974)

Distribution: Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz); Czech Republic; etc.

11 CZE GER

Remarks: Persicaria maculosa x mitis

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum dubio-persicaria f. palustris Bruijn; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 1(4): 497 (1848)

= Polygonum dubio-persicaria f. pratensis Bruijn; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 1(4): 497 (1848)

= Polygonum mite var. condensatum F.W.Schultz; Fl. Pfalz: 393 (1846)

= Polygonum ×condensatum (F.W.Schultz) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 628 (1881)

species :

Persicaria ×figertii (Beck) Soják; Preslia 46: 153 (1974)

Distribution: Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Sachsen); Czech Republic; etc.

11 CZE GER

Remarks: Persicaria hydropiper x lapathifolia

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum lapathifolium subsp. laxum (Rchb.) Fr.; 26 (1839)

= Polygonum ×callmei Beck; Rchb., Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 24: 79 (1906)

= Polygonum ×figertii Beck; Rchb., Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 24: 79 (1906)

= Polygonum ×laxum Rchb.; 572 (1832)

= Polygonum ×metschii Beck; Rchb., Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 24: 79 (1906)

species :

Persicaria ×hervieri (Beck) Soják; Preslia 46: 153 (1974)

Distribution: Europe

Remarks: Persicaria lapathifolia x minor

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria ×langeana (Rouy) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12: 429 (1977)

= Polygonum ×hervieri Beck; Rchb., Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 24: 81 (1907)

= Polygonum ×langeanum Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 12: 105 (1910)

species :

Persicaria ×hybrida (Chaub. ex St.-Amans) Soják; Preslia 46: 153 (1974)

Distribution: Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hamburg); Czech Republic; etc.

11 CZE GER

Remarks: Persicaria hydropiper x mitis

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum ×difficile Gand.; Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 1: 93 (1882)

= Polygonum ×hybridum Chaub. ex St.-Amans; Fl. Agen.: 163 (1818)

= Polygonum ×oleraceum Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 585 (1866)

species :

Persicaria ×intercedens (Beck) Soják; Preslia 46(2): 153 (1974)

Distribution: Germany (Niedersachsen); Czech Republic; etc.

11 CZE GER

Remarks: Persicaria hydropiper x maculosa

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum ×intercedens Beck; Rchb., Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 24: 81 (1907)

species :

Persicaria ×musashinoensis Hiyama; J. Jap. Bot. 32: 190 (1957)

Distribution: Japan; etc.

38 JAP

Remarks: Persicaria longiseta x posumbu

species :

Persicaria ×pseudolapathum (Schur) D.H.Kent; List Vasc. Pl. Brit. Isles, Suppl. 1: 36 (1996 publ. 1997)

Distribution: Germany (Bayern, Rheinland-Pfalz); etc.

11 GER

Remarks: Persicaria lapathifolia x maculosa

Synonyms: hidden

= Persicaria ×lenticularis (Hy) Soják; Preslia 46: 154 (1974)

= Polygonum ×lenticulare Hy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 56: 544 (1909)

= Polygonum ×pseudolapathum Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 584 (1866)

species :

Persicaria ×wilmsii (Beck) Soják; Preslia 46: 155 (1974)

Distribution: France; etc.

12 FRA

Remarks: Persicaria minor x mitis

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygonum ×digeneum Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 12: 106 (1910)

= Polygonum ×wilmsii Beck; Rchb., Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 24: 81 (1907)

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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

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Search for: Persicaria cliopolitana

A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 24.11 (November 5th, 2024)

Covering 355,576 accepted species,
8,715 hybrids, 47,863 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,000,581 synonyms,
in total 1,412,785* names

[about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus*" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life

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How to Cite:

Search

+ Family

Filter

Order

Family (38)

Genus (56)

Display options

Search for: Persicaria cliopolitana

A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 24.11 (November 5th, 2024)

Covering 355,576 accepted species, 8,715 hybrids, 47,863 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,000,581 synonyms, in total 1,412,785* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life

Covering 355,576 accepted species,
8,715 hybrids, 47,863 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,000,581 synonyms,
in total 1,412,785* names

[about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus*" are deliberately omitted]