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272.0000 Family Rutaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 296 (1789), nom. cons.
148 genera, ca. 2200 spp. Systematics following Appelhans et al. (2021)
Species listed in database: 2221; hybrids: 21
= Amyridaceae Kunth; Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 2: 353 (1824)
= Aurantiaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 259 (1789)
= Boroniaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 229 (1858)
= Citraceae Roussel; Fl. Calvados, ed. 2: 271 (1806)
= Cneoraceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 267, 285 (1818), nom. cons.
= Dictamnaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 269, 287 (1818)
= Diosmaceae R.Br. ex Bartl.; Ord. Nat. Pl. 229, 386 (1830)
= Diplolaenaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 229 (1858)
= Flindersiaceae C.T.White ex Airy Shaw; Kew Bull. 18: 257 (1965)
= Fraxinellaceae Nees. & Mart.; Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 11: 147, 183 (1823)
= Jamboliferaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 324 (1820)
= Pilocarpaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 221 (1858)
= Ptaeroxylaceae J.-F.Leroy; J. Agric. Trop. Bot. Appl. 7: 456 (1960)
= Pteleaceae Kunth; Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 2: 354 (1824)
= Spatheliaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 280 (1858)
= Zanthoxylaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 682 (1820)
272.5005 Genus Murraya J.Koenig ex L.; Mant. Pl. Altera 554 (1771), nom. cons.
Distribution: Tropical Asia (India to Australia and W-Pacific). Species circumscription is quite controversial.
Species listed in database: 17
= Chalcas L.; Mant. Pl. 1: 68 (1767)
= Claderia Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 12 (1838)
= Marsana Sonn.; Voy. Indes Orient. [Sonnerat] 3: 282 (1782)
= Nimbo Dennst.; Schlüssel Hortus Malab. 30 (1818)
= Poechia Opiz; Lotos 2: 232 (1852)
= Sicklera M.Roem.; Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 34, 49 (1846)
species :
Murraya alata Drake; J. Bot. [Morot] 6: 276 (1892)
Distribution: China (SW-Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi); Vietnam
36 CHI 41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Chalcas alata (Drake) Yu.Tanaka; Stud. Citrolog. 2: 21 (1928), japonice, et Bull. Soc. Bot. France 75: 711 (1928)
= Murraya alata var. hainanensis Swingle; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 32: 26 (1942)
species :
Murraya alternans (Wall. ex Voigt) Swingle; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 28: 532 (1938)
Distribution: Myanmar
41 MYA
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisifolium alternans (Wall. ex Voigt) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 98 (1891)
= Limonia alternifolia Kurz; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 42: 64 (1873)
= Limonia alternans Wall. ex Voigt; Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 139 (1845)
species :
Murraya crenulata (Turcz.) Oliv.; J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 2: 29 (1861)
Distribution: Taiwan (Lan Yu Isl.); Sulawesi; Philippines (Luzon, Leyte); Java; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); New Caledonia; Vanuatu
38 TAI 42 JAW NWG PHI SUL 60 NWC VAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Chalcas crenulata (Turcz.) F.Muell.; Contr. Phytogr. New Hebrides 7 (1873)
= Chalcas crenulata (Turcz.) Yu.Tanaka; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 75: 710 (1928)
= Clausena citriodora Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci. 26: 458 (1925)
= Clausena corymbiflora Linden; Cat. Gén. [Linden] 98: 3 (1878)
= Clausena crenulata (Turcz.) F.Muell.; Contr. Phytogr. New Hebrides 7 (1874)
= Clausena worcesteri Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 5: 180 (1910)
= Glycosmis crenulata Turcz.; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol. 30: 250 (1858)
= Micromelum globosum Elmer ex Yu.Tanaka; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 75: 710, in syn. (1928)
= Micromelum sorsogonense Elmer ex Yu.Tanaka; J. Soc. Trop. Agric. 1: 30, in syn. (1929)
= Murraya sorsogonensis Elmer ex Yu.Tanaka; Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 22: 423, in syn. (1932)
species :
Murraya elongata A.DC. ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 1: 503 (1875)
Distribution: Bangladesh; Myanmar (widespread)
40 BAN 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Camunium elongatum (A.DC.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 99 (1891)
= Chalcas intermedia M.Roem.; Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 1: 48 (1846)
species :
Murraya euchrestifolia Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 6: 11-12 (1916)
Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Yunnan); Taiwan
36 CHI 38 TAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Chalcas euchrestifolia (Hayata) Yu.Tanaka; J. Soc. Trop. Agric. 1: 32 (1929)
= Clausena euchrestifolia (Hayata) Kaneh.; Formos. Trees 308, f. 263 (1936)
species :
Murraya glabra (Guillaumin) Swingle; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 28: 532 (1938)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Chalcas glabra Yu.Tanaka; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 75: 711 (1928)
= Micromelum glabrum Guillaumin; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 1: 216 (1910)
species :
Murraya glenieii Thwaites ex Oliv.; J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 5(Suppl. 2): 29 (1861)
Distribution: Sri Lanka
40 SRL
Synonyms: hidden
= Chalcas glenieii (Thwaites ex Oliv.) Tanaka; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 75: 710 (1928)
= Murraya exotica var. glenieii (Thwaites ex Oliv.) Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 188 (1896)
species :
Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 2: 315 (1827)
Name: Gandhela, Curry Leaf
Distribution: Mozambique [I]; Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; China (S-Yunnan, S-Hainan, Guangdong); Pakistan [I]; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Meghalaya, Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal); Lakshadweep Isl. [Laccadives] [I]; Maldives [I]; Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Andaman Isl. [I]; Nicobar Isl. [I]; Myanmar; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; Singapore [I]; Borneo; Borneo [I]; Brunei; Java; Christmas Isl. [Austr.] [I]; Fiji [I]
26 moz 29 mau reu 36 CHI 40 BAN BHU IND ldv mdv NEP pak SRL 41 and CBD LAO MYA ncb VIE 42 BOR BRN JAW sng xms 60 fij
Synonyms: hidden
= Bergera koenigii L.; Mant. Pl. 1: 565 (1767)
= Camunium koenigii (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 99 (1891)
= Chalcas koenigii (L.) Kurz; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 44: t. 132 (1875)
= Chalcas siamensis (Craib) Yu.Tanaka; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 75: 710 (1928)
= Murraya foetidissima Teijsm. & Binn.; Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned.-Indië 27: 41 (1864)
= Murraya siamensis Craib; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1926: 340 (1926)
= Nimbo melioides Dennst.; Schlüssel Hortus Malab. 30 (1818)
species :
Murraya kwangsiensis (C.C.Huang) C.C.Huang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16(2): 85 (1978)
Distribution: China (Guangxi, SE-Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Clausena kwangsiensis C.C.Huang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 90, t. 7, f. 1 (1959)
species :
Murraya lucida (G.Forst.) Mabb.; Mabberley´s Pl.-Book 1102 (2017)
Distribution: Philippines; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Timor); New Guinea; Solomon Isl.; Australia (New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland); New Caledonia; Vanuatu
42 LSI NWG PHI 43 SOL 50 AUS 60 NWC VAN
Remarks: often included in M. paniculata; distribution areas are somewhat confused
Synonyms: hidden
= Camunium heptaphylla (Span.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 99 (1891)
= Limonia flavicans Wall. ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 1: 508 (1875)
= Limonia lucida G.Forst.; Fl. Ins. Austr. 33 (1786)
= Murraya banati Elmer; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 7: 2812 (1915)
= Murraya exotica var. ovatifoliolata Engl.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 188 (1896)
= Murraya heptaphylla Span.; Linnaea 15: 178 (1841)
= Murraya ovatifoliolata (Engl.) Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 89: 296 (1927)
= Murraya paniculata var. ovatifoliolata (Engl.) Swingle; (1943)
species :
Murraya macrophylla (C.C.Huang) F.J.Mou & D.X.Zhang; Guihaia 40(2): 274, t. 1 (2020)
Distribution: China (SW-Guangxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Murraya kwangsiensis var. macrophylla C.C.Huang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16(2): 85 (1978)
species :
Murraya microphylla (Merr. & Chun) Swingle; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 32: 26 (1942)
Distribution: China (Guangdong, Hainan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Clausena microphylla Merr. & Chun; Sunyatsenia 2(3-4): 251-253, f. 27 (1935)
species :
Murraya omphalocarpa Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 3: 51 (1913)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Murraya paniculata var. omphalocarpa (Hayata) Yu.Tanaka; J. Soc. Trop. Agric. 1: 27 (1929)
species :
Murraya paniculata (L.) Jacq.; Malayan Misc. 1: 31 (1820)
Name: Orange jessamine, Café de la India, Kamini, China Box
Distribution: Benin [I]; Cameroon [I]; Mozambique [I]; Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; Seychelles [I]; China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, S-Guizhou, Hainan, S-Hunan, Yunnan); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; Bhutan; India (Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand,Punjab, Rajasthan, Bihar, West Bengal, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Mizoram, Meghalaya, Tripura, Assam, Odisha, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Sikkim); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Andaman Isl. (North Andaman Isl., Middle Andaman Isl., South Andaman Isl., Little Andaman Isl.); Nicobar Isl. (Car Nicobar Isl., North Nicobar Isl., Central Nicobar Isl., Great Nicobar Isl., Little Nicobar Isl.); Myanmar (Bago, Chin, Mandalay, Yangon); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Kelantan, Perak); Sulawesi; Palawan; Philippines (Batan, Luzon to Mindanao); Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali); Moluccas; Christmas Isl. [Austr.]; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Bismarck Arch.; Solomon Isl.; Australia (NE-Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland); New Caledonia; Vanuatu; Fiji [I]; Cook Isl. [I] (Rarotonga [I], Aitutaki [I], Alice [I]); Society Isl. [I] (Tahiti [I], Raiatea [I]); Guam [I]; Marshall Isl. [I] (Kwajalein [I]); Hawaii [I] (East Maui [I]); USA [I] (Florida [I]); Mexico [I]; Belize [I]; Honduras [I]; Nicaragua [I]; Costa Rica [I]; Panama [I]; Cayman Isl. [I]; Jamaica [I]; Dominican Republic [I]; Haiti [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Virgin Isl. [I]; St. Martin/St. Maarten [I]; St. Barthélémy [I]; St. Eustatius [I]; St. Kitts [I]; Montserrat [I]; Guadeloupe [I]; Dominica [I]; Martinique [I]; Grenadines [I]; Trinidad & Tobago [I]; Colombia [I]; Venezuela [I]; Guyana [I]; Surinam [I]; French Guiana [I]; Ecuador [I]; Peru [I]; Bolivia [I]
22 ben 23 cmn 26 moz 29 mau reu sey 36 CHI 38 NNS TAI 40 BAN BHU IND SRL 41 AND CBD LAO MYA NCB THA VIE 42 JAW LSI MLY MOL NWG PHI PLW SUL XMS 43 BIS SOL 50 AUS 60 fij NWC VAN 61 coo sci 62 gum mrs 63 haw 78 usa 79 mex 80 blz cos hon nic pan 81 cay dom gdl his jam mar mts pue sba ste stk stm stv trt vir 82 clm frg guy sur ven 83 bol ecu per
Remarks: see also M. lucida and M. sumatrana who are frequently included here.
Synonyms: hidden
= Camunium exoticum (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 99 (1891)
= Camunium exoticum var. pubescens Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 99 (1891)
= Chalcas exotica (L.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 1(1): 25 (1895)
= Chalcas japanensis Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 271 (1790)
= Chalcas paniculata L.; Mant. Pl. 1: 68 (1767)
= Limonia malliculensis J.R.Forst. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 47 (1841)
= Marsana buxifolia Sonn.; Voy. Indes Orient. [Sonnerat] 3: 282 (1782)
= Murraya amoena Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 320 (1796)
= Murraya exotica L.; Mant. Pl. Altera 563 (1771)
= Murraya exotica var. buxifolia Thwaites; Enum. Pl. Zeyl. [Thwaites] 45 (1858)
= Murraya exotica var. paniculata (L.) Thwaites; Enum. Pl. Zeyl. [Thwaites] 45 (1858)
= Murraya intermedia (M.Roem.) Mabb.; Telopea 25: 281 (2022)
= Murraya japonensis (Lour.) Raeusch.; Nomencl. Bot. [Raeuschel], ed. 3: 119 (1797)
= Murraya paniculata var. buxifolia (Sonn.) Thwaites; Enum. Pl. Zeyl. [Thwaites] 45 (1858)
= Murraya paniculata var. exotica (L.) C.C.Huang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 100 (1959)
= Murraya scandens Hassk.; Abh. Naturf. Ges. Halle 9: 233 50: 20 (1866)
species :
Murraya sumatrana Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 32 (1814) nomen, Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 2: 375 (1832)
Distribution: China (Hainan); Taiwan; Bangladesh; Myanmar; Sumatra; Borneo; Sulawesi; Philippines; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl.; Moluccas; New Guinea (Irian Jaya)
36 CHI 38 TAI 40 BAN 41 MYA 42 BOR JAW LSI MOL NWG PHI SUL SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Chalcas cammuneng Burm.f.; Fl. Ind. [N.L.Burman] Prodr. Fl. Cap. 104 (1768)
= Chalcas sumatrana (Roxb.) M.Roem.; Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 1: 49 (1846)
= Murraya cyclopensis Astuti & Rugayah; Reinwardtia 15(2): 112 (2016)
species :
Murraya tetramera C.C.Huang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8(1): 102-103, t. 13 (1959)
Distribution: China (SE-Yunnan, W-Guangxi)
36 CHI
species :
Murraya zollingeri (Yu.Tanaka) F.J.Mou; Taiwania 66(3): 395 (2021)
Distribution: Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bima Isl., Sumbawa Isl.); Moluccas
42 LSI MOL
Synonyms: hidden
= Chalcas paniculata var. zollingeri Yu.Tanaka; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 75(4): 710 (1928)
= Murraya paniculata var. zollingeri (Yu.Tanaka) Yu.Tanaka; J. Indian Bot. Soc. 16: 232 (1937)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
in total 1,416,144* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life