065.0000 Family Cupressaceae Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 222 (1822), nom. cons.

ca. 30 genera, ca. 160 spp. Phylogeny see Yang et al. (2012)

Species listed in database: 146; hybrids: 11

065.6009 Genus Juniperus L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 1038 (1753)

Distribution: temperate-subtropical. Systematics and species list taken from Farjon (2017)

Species listed in database: 61; hybrids: 6

species :

Juniperus angosturana R.P.Adams; Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 22(7): 704 (1994), nom. nov.

Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Nuevo León, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Zacatecas)

79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus monosperma var. gracilis Martínez; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 17: 109-114 (1946)

= Sabina angosturana (R.P.Adams) Y.Yang & K.S.Mao; Pl. Diversity 44(4): 347 (2022)

species :

Juniperus arizonica (R.P.Adams) R.P.Adams; Phytologia 88(3): 306 (2006)

Name: Redberry juniper

Distribution: USA (Arizona, SW-New Mexico); Mexico (NE-Sonora)

76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus coahuilensis var. arizonica R.P.Adams; Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 22(7): 708 (1994)

= Juniperus coahuilensis subsp. arizonica (R.P.Adams) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 13(1): 6 (2006)

= Sabina arizonica (R.P.Adams) Y.Yang & K.S.Mao; Pl. Diversity 44(4): 347 (2022)

species :

Juniperus ashei J.T.Buchholz; Bot. Gaz. 90: 329 (1930)

Name: Ashe´s juniper

Distribution: USA (Arkansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, Texas)

74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Sabina ashei (J.Buchholz) Y.Yang & K.S.Mao; Pl. Diversity 44(4): 347 (2022)

variant :

var. ovata R.P.Adams; Phytologia 89(1): 17 (2007)

Distribution: USA (W-Texas); Mexico (N-Coahuila)

77 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus ovata (R.P.Adams) R.P.Adams; Phytologia 95(2): 175 (2013)

species :

Juniperus badia (H.Gay) Rivas Mart., Molero Mesa, Marfíl & G.Benítez; Naturalia Cantabricae 8(Especial): 119 (2020)

Distribution: E-Portugal; Spain (C-Spain); Algeria

12 POR SPA 20 ALG

Remarks: oxycedrus agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus oxycedrus var. badia H.Gay; Compt. Rend. Assoc. Franç. Avancem. Sci. 1889: 501 (1889)

= Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. badia (H.Gay) Debeaux; Fl. Kabylie [Debeaux]: 411 (1894)

species :

Juniperus barbadensis L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 1039 (1753)

Distribution: Mozambique [I]; +Redonda; St. Lucia; +Barbados

26 moz 81 ABA BBD STL

Conservation Status: IUCN E

Synonyms: hidden

= Sabina barbadensis (L.) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 33 (1903)

variant :

var. lucayana (Britton) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 7(1): 25 (2000)

Name: West Indian red cedar (Bahamas)

Distribution: Bahamas (Cat Isl., Eleuthera / New Providence, Andros Isl., Grand Bahama / Abaco Isl.); Cuba (incl. Isla de la Juventud); Jamaica; +Hispaniola (+Haiti)

81 BAH CUB HIS JAM

Conservation Status: endangered (Red List of the Vascular Flora of Cuba)

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus barbadensis subsp. lucayana (Britton) Greuter & R.Rankin; Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana 43: 122 (2022)

= Juniperus barbadensis var. jamaicensis Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 7(1): 24 (2000)

= Juniperus gracilior var. lucayana (Britton) R.P.Adams; Phytologia 78(2): 145 (1995)

= Juniperus lucayana Britton; N. Amer. Trees 121 (1908)

species :

Juniperus bermudiana L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 1039 (1753)

Name: Bermuda Cedar

Distribution: St. Helena [I]; Ascension Isl. [I]; Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; India [I]; Bermuda

28 asc sth 29 mau reu 40 ind 81 BER

Conservation Status: IUCN E. Very rare, almost eliminated by introduced insects

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus oppositifolia Moench; Methodus [Moench] 699 (1794)

= Juniperus pyramidalis Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 397 (1796)

= Juniperus virginiana Endl.; Syn. Conif. 27 (1847)

= Sabina bermudiana Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. 65, t. 87 (1857)

species :

Juniperus blancoi Martínez; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 17: 73 (1946)

Distribution: Mexico (Durango, México State, Michoacán)

79 MEX

Conservation Status: IUCN I

Synonyms: hidden

= Sabina blancoi (Martínez) Y.Yang & K.S.Mao; Pl. Diversity 44(4): 347 (2022)

variant :

var. huehuentensis R.P.Adams, S.González & M.González; Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 34(3): 207 (209-211) (2006)

Distribution: Mexico (Durango)

79 MEX

variant :

var. mucronata (R.P.Adams) Farjon; World Checkl. & Bibliogr. Conifers ed. 2, 60 (2001)

Distribution: Mexico (Sonora, Chihuahua)

79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus mucronata R.P.Adams; Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 28(2): 158 (2000)

= Sabina mucronata (R.P.Adams) Y.Yang & K.S.Mao; Pl. Diversity 44(4): 348 (2022)

species :

Juniperus brevifolia (Seub.) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. 16. tt. 20-22 (1857)

Name: Azoren-Wacholder (DE), Azores juniper (EN)

Distribution: Azores (Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Sao Jorge, Pico, Faial, Flores Isl., Corvo Isl.)

21 AZO

Remarks: oxycedrus agg.

Conservation Status: IUCN E

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus brevifolia subsp. maritima R.B.Elias & E.Días; Phytotaxa 188(5): 248 (2014)

= Juniperus brevifolia var. montana R.B.Elias & E.Días; Phytotaxa 188(5): 249 (2014)

species :

Juniperus californica Carrière; Rev. Hort. (Paris), Sér. 4, 3: 352 (1854)

Name: California juniper

Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, Nevada); Mexico (Baja California Norte); +Isla Guadalupe

76 USA 79 GLP MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus californica var. siskiyouensis L.F.Hend.; Rhodora 33: 203 (1931)

= Juniperus cerrosianus Kellogg; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2: 37 (1863)

= Sabina californica (Carrière) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. 52, t. 72 (1857)

species :

Juniperus cedrus Webb & Berthel.; Hist. Nat. Îles Canaries (Phytogr.) 3: 277 t. 2. ff. 1-3 (1848)

Name: Canary Islands juniper (EN); Cedro canario (ES); Zedern-Wacholder (DE)

Distribution: Canary Isl. (Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, La Palma)

21 CNY

Remarks: oxycedrus agg.

Conservation Status: IUCN E

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus canariensis Knight ex Gordon; Pinetum 114 (1858)

= Juniperus oxycedrus Hochst.; Fl. Azor. [Seubert] 26 (1844) non L.

= Juniperus webbii Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 1: 13 (1855)

species :

Juniperus chinensis L.; Mant. Pl. 1: 127 (1767)

Name: Chinese juniper

Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Scotland [I]); Ireland [I] (Ireland [I], Northern Ireland [I]); China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hebei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); North Korea; South Korea (Ulleung Isl.); Japan; Taiwan; Myanmar [I]; Java [I]; Guam [I]; Bolivia [c]

10 grb ire 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO TAI 41 mya 42 jaw 62 gum 83 bol

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus barbadensis Thunb.; Fl. Jap. [Thunberg] 264 (1784)

= Juniperus cabiancae Vis.; Mem. Reale Ist. Veneto Sci. 6: 246 (1856)

= Juniperus cernua Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 73 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 3: 839 (1832)

= Juniperus chinensis subsp. taiwanensis (R.P.Adams & C.F.Hsieh) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 13(1): 6 (2006)

= Juniperus chinensis var. armstrongii L.H.Bailey; Hortus [Bailey] Suppl. 710 (1935)

= Juniperus chinensis var. aurea M.Young; Gard. Chron. 1872: 8 (1872)

= Juniperus chinensis var. corneyanus (Antoine) Gordon & Glend.; Pinetum 117 (1858)

= Juniperus chinensis var. expansa-variegata Hornibr.; Dwarf Conifers ed. 2: 94 (1938)

= Juniperus chinensis var. foemina Lavallée; Énum. Arbres 289 (1877)

= Juniperus chinensis var. globosa Hornibr.; Dwarf Conifers 62 (1923)

= Juniperus chinensis var. horizontalis Nakai; Corean Timber Trees 1: 136 (1926)

= Juniperus chinensis var. jacobiana Jacob-Makoy; Nursery Cat. (L. Jacob-Makoy & Co.) 114: 26 (1870)

= Juniperus chinensis var. japonica (Carrière) P.Vilm.; Frutic. Vilmor. [Vilmorin & Bois] 58 (1906)

= Juniperus chinensis var. japonica Siebold; Jaarb. Kon. Ned. Maatsch. Aanm. Tuinb. 1844: 31 (1844)

= Juniperus chinensis var. keteleeri Beissn.; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 1910: 140 (1910)

= Juniperus chinensis var. leeana Lavallée; Énum. Arbres 290 (1877)

= Juniperus chinensis var. mas Gordon & Glend.; Pinetum 116 (1858)

= Juniperus chinensis var. mascula Lavallée; Énum. Arbres 289 (1877)

= Juniperus chinensis var. parsonsii Hornibr.; Dwarf Conifers ed. 2: 96 (1939)

= Juniperus chinensis var. plumosa Hornibr.; Dwarf Conifers 66 (1923)

= Juniperus chinensis var. plumosa-aurea Hornibr.; Dwarf Conifers 66 (1923)

= Juniperus chinensis var. procumbens (Siebold) Endl.; Syn. Conif. 21 (1847)

= Juniperus chinensis var. smithii Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2505 (1838)

= Juniperus chinensis var. taiwanensis R.P.Adams & C.F.Hsieh; Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 30(3): 235 (2002)

= Juniperus chinensis var. torulosa Eastw.; Bay Cities Gard. Monthly 2(4): 3, 7 (1933)

= Juniperus chinensis var. variegata Maxwell; Hort. & J. Rural Art Rural Taste 29: 202 (1874)

= Juniperus dimorpha Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 78 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 3: 889 (1832)

= Juniperus erectopatens (C.Y.Cheng, W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu) R.P.Adams; Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 27(7): 723 (1999)

= Juniperus excelsa Webb ex Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2,2): 488 (1868)

= Juniperus flagelliformis Loudon; Encycl. Trees Shrubs 1090 (1842)

= Juniperus foemina Lavallée; Icon. Sel. Arb. 289 (1877)

= Juniperus jacobi Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. 120 (1891)

= Juniperus japonica Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 1: 33 (1855)

= Juniperus japonica var. alba Standish ex Gordon; Pinetum, ed. 2: 161 (1875)

= Juniperus japonica var. aurea-variegata Ed.Otto; Hamburger Garten- Blumenzeitung 29: 203 (1873)

= Juniperus japonica var. pyramidalis Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 32 (1867)

= Juniperus japonica var. variegata Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 31 (1867)

= Juniperus leeana Lavallée; Icon. Sel. Arb. 290 (1877)

= Juniperus mascula Lavallée; Icon. Sel. Arb. 289 (1877)

= Juniperus nepalensis Endl.; Syn. Conif. 21 (1847)

= Juniperus procumbens (Siebold) Miq.; Fl. Jap. [Siebold] 2: 59 (1870)

= Juniperus reevesiana Endl.; Syn. Conif. 31 (1847)

= Juniperus sabina var. erectopatens (C.Y.Cheng, W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu) Y.F.Yu & L.K.Fu; Novon 7: 444 (1998)

= Juniperus shepherdi Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. 122 (1891)

= Juniperus sheppardii (Veitch) van Melle; Phytologia 2: 187 (1946), cum descr. lat.

= Juniperus sheppardii Gordon; Pinetum, ed. 2: 426 (1862)

= Juniperus sinensis Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 33 (1867)

= Juniperus sinensis J.F.Gmel.; Syst. Nat., ed. 13bis: 2(2): 1005 (1792)

= Juniperus sphaerica Lindl.; Paxton´s Fl. Gard. 1: 58, f. 35 (1850 publ. 1851)

= Juniperus sphaerica var. dioica Melle; Phytologia 2: 186 (1946)

= Juniperus sphaerica var. luptonii Melle; Rev. Junip. Chin. 27, 69 (1947)

= Juniperus sphaerica var. neaboriensis (A.H.Kent) Melle; Phytologia 2: 186 (1946)

= Juniperus sphaerica var. pendula (Franch.) Melle; Phytologia 2: 186 (1946)

= Juniperus sphaerica var. pseudomas Melle; Phytologia 2: 185 (1946)

= Juniperus sphaerica var. sheppardii A.H.Kent; Man. Conif. 290 (1881)

= Juniperus struthiacea Knight; Syn. Conif. 13 (1847)

= Juniperus thunbergii Hook. & Arn.; Bot. Beechey Voy. 271 (1838)

= Juniperus tsukusiensis var. taiwanensis (R.P.Adams & C.F.Hsieh) R.P.Adams; Phytologia 93(1): 127 (2011)

= Juniperus virginica Thunb.; Fl. Jap. [Thunberg] 264 (1784)

= Sabina cabiancae Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. 41, t. 54 (1857)

= Sabina chinensis (L.) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. 54 (1857)

= Sabina chinensis f. albovariegata Nakai; Bull. Forest. Soc. Korea 158: 26 (1938)

= Sabina chinensis f. globosa Nakai; Bull. Forest. Soc. Korea 158: 27 (1938)

= Sabina chinensis f. varigata Nakai; Bull. Forest. Soc. Korea 158: 30 (1938)

= Sabina chinensis var. horizontalis (Nakai) Nakai; Bull. Forest. Soc. Korea 158: 27 (1938)

= Sabina chinensis var. kaizuca W.C.Cheng & W.T.Wang; Trees China [W.J.Zheng et al.] 1: 253 (1961)

= Sabina chinensis var. pfitzeriana (Späth) Moldenke; Castanea 9: 33 (1944)

= Sabina dimorpha (Roxb.) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. 70 (1857)

= Sabina erectopatens (W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu) Y.Yang & K.S.Mao; Pl. Diversity 44(4): 348 (2022)

= Sabina pacifica Nakai; Bull. Forest. Soc. Korea 158: 31 (1938)

= Sabina procumbens (Endl.) Iwata & Kusaka; Conif. Jap. Ill., emend. ed. 2: 199 (1954)

= Sabina sphaerica (Lindl.) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. 52, t. 72 (1857)

= Sabina struthiacea (Knight) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. 66, t. 69 (1857)

= Sabina vulgaris var. erectopatens C.Y.Cheng, W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 13(4): 86 (1975)

variant :

var. sargentii A.Henry; Trees Great Britain [Elwes & Henry] 6: 1432 (1912)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Khabarovsk, Kuril Isl., Primorye, Sakhalin); China (Heilongjiang); North Korea; South Korea (incl. Cheju Isl.); Japan

31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus chinensis subsp. sargentii (A.Henry) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 13(1): 6 (2006)

= Juniperus sargentii (A.Henry) Takeda ex Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 44: 511 (1930)

= Sabina chinensis var. sargentii (A.Henry) W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 7: 363 (1978)

= Sabina sargentii (A.Henry) Nakai; Tyosen Sanrin Kaiho, No. 158 (Indig. Spec. Conif. & Taxads Korea & Manchur.1.) 6 (1938), nomen, et in Tyosen Sanrin Kaiho, No. 163 (Indig. Spec. Conif. &Taxads Korea & Manchur. II) 32, descr.

variant :

var. tsukusiensis Masam.; J. Soc. Trop. Agric. 2: 152 (1930)

Distribution: S-Japan (Yakushima Isl.); Taiwan

38 JAP NNS TAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus chinensis subsp. tsukusiensis (Masam.) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 13(1): 6 (2006)

= Juniperus tsukusiensis Masam.; Prelim. Rep. Veg. Yakushima 39 (1929), Masam. in Bot. Mag. (Tokyo), 44: 50 (1930), et in Mem. Fac. Sci. & Agric. Taihoku Imp. Univ. 11: Bot. No. 4, 131 (1934)

= Sabina tsukusiensis (Masam.) Y.Yang & K.S.Mao; Pl. Diversity 44(4): 349 (2022)

species :

Juniperus coahuilensis (Martínez) Gaussen ex R.P.Adams; Phytologia 74(5): 413 (1993)

Name: Redberry juniper

Distribution: USA (Arizona, New Mexico, Texas); Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Jalisco, Nuevo León, Sonora, Zacatecas)

76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus coahuilensis (Martínez) Gaussen; Trav. Lab. Forest. Toulouse, Tome 2, sect. 1, vol. 1(2), chap. 13: 101, in clavi, 154 (1968) (sine relat. loc.)

= Juniperus erythrocarpa var. coahuilensis Martinez; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 17: 114, fig. 95-97 (1946)

= Juniperus texensis Melle; Phytologia 4: 26 (1952)

= Sabina coahuilensis (Martínez) Y.Yang & K.S.Mao; Pl. Diversity 44(4): 347 (2022)

species :

Juniperus comitana Martínez; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 15: 12 (1944)

Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas); Guatemala

79 MEX 80 GUA

Conservation Status: IUCN V

Synonyms: hidden

= Sabina comitana (Martínez) Y.Yang & K.S.Mao; Pl. Diversity 44(4): 347 (2022)

species :

Juniperus communis L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 1040 (1753)

Name: Juniper (EN), Genèvrier (FR), Wacholder (DE)

Distribution: Iceland; Faeroe Isl.; England (England, Wales, Scotland, Outer Hebrides, Shetland Isl., Isle of Man); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, +Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, +Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Malta; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; N-Greece (mountains); ?European Turkey; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; European Russia (W-European Russia, C-European Russia, E-European Russia, N-European Russia); Ukraine; Crimea; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Kazakhstan; Turkey (Anatolia); Iran; Japan; Myanmar [I]; Argentina [I]

10 DEN FIN FOR GRB ICE IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MLT MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT RUS UKR 30 SIB 32 KAZ 34 IRN TUR 38 JAP 41 mya 85 arg

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus argaea Bal. ex Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2.2): 480 (1868)

= Juniperus borealis Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 397 (1796)

= Juniperus caucasica Fisch. ex Gordon; Pinetum 98 (1858)

= Juniperus communis f. arborescens Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 6B(46B): 293 (1906)

= Juniperus communis f. crispa Browicz & Ziel.; Arbor. Kórnickie 19: 42 (1974)

= Juniperus communis f. globosa (Medw.) A.D.Smirnova; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 4(15-16): 121 (1923)

= Juniperus communis f. ovata (Medw.) A.D.Smirnova; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 4(15-16): 121 (1923)

= Juniperus communis f. suecica (Mill.) Lindm.; Sv. Fanerogamfl. 37 (1926)

= Juniperus communis f. tenuifolia A.D.Smirnova; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 4(15-16): 122 (1923)

= Juniperus communis lusus coronata (Sanio) Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 1: 91 (1907)

= Juniperus communis subsp. pannonica Pénzes; Bot. Közlem. 57: 48 (1970)

= Juniperus communis var. alpina Chaix; Pl. Vapinc. 70 (1785)

= Juniperus communis var. arborea Suter; Helvet. Fl. 2: 292 (1802)

= Juniperus communis var. arborescens Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 6: 301 (1830)

= Juniperus communis var. aurea G.Nicholson; Ill. Dict. Gard., Cent. Suppl. 455 (1900)

= Juniperus communis var. aureospica Rehder; Cult. Evergreens [Bailey] 199 (1923)

= Juniperus communis var. brevifolia Sanio; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 1: 91 (1907)

= Juniperus communis var. canadensis (Lodd. ex Burgsd.) Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2490 (1838)

= Juniperus communis var. caucasica Endl.; Syn. Conif. 16 (1847)

= Juniperus communis var. compressa Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif. 22 (1855)

= Juniperus communis var. coronata Sanio; Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 1: 51 (1883)

= Juniperus communis var. elongata Sanio; Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 1: 51 (1883)

= Juniperus communis var. erythrocarpa Dumort.; Fl. Belg. [Dumortier] 9 (1827), nom. inval.

= Juniperus communis var. fastigiata Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2): 479 (1868)

= Juniperus communis var. hispanica Endl.; Syn. Conif. 15 (1847)

= Juniperus communis var. latifolia Sanio; Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 1: 51 (1883)

= Juniperus communis var. macrocarpa (Sm.) Spach; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 2, 16: 290 (1841)

= Juniperus communis var. oblonga (M.Bieb.) Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2): 479 (1868)

= Juniperus communis var. oblonga-pendula Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2490 (1838)

= Juniperus communis var. pannonica (Pénzes) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 16(3-4): 365 (1971)

= Juniperus communis var. pendens Sudw.; Bull. Div. Forest. U.S.D.A. 14: 101 (1897)

= Juniperus communis var. pendula Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif. 23 (1855)

= Juniperus communis var. pendula Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2490 (1838)

= Juniperus communis var. pendula-aurea Sénécl.; Conifer. Monogr. 84 (1868)

= Juniperus communis var. recta Browicz & Ziel.; Arbor. Kórnickie 19: 41 (1974) (without type)

= Juniperus communis var. reflexa Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2): 479 (1868)

= Juniperus communis var. stricta Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif. 22 (1855)

= Juniperus communis var. suecica (Mill.) Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 1: 414 (1789)

= Juniperus communis var. variegata-aurea Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 19 (1867)

= Juniperus communis var. vulgaris Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 1: 414 (1789), nom. inval.

= Juniperus communis var. vulgaris John Parkinson ex Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2489 (1838), nom. inval.

= Juniperus compressa Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 1: 22 (1855)

= Juniperus cracovia K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(2): 115 (1873)

= Juniperus davurica Lindl. & Gordon; J. Hort. Soc. London 5: 200 (1850)

= Juniperus dealbata Loudon; Encycl. Trees Shrubs 1090 (1842)

= Juniperus difformis Gilib.; Exerc. Phyt. 2: 416 (1792)

= Juniperus echinoformis Rinz ex Bolse; Wochenschr. Vereines Beförd. Gartenbaues Königl. Preuss. Staaten 11: 284 (1868)

= Juniperus elliptica K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(2): 118 (1873)

= Juniperus fastigiata Knight; Syn. Conif. 11 (1847)

= Juniperus foetidissima Endl.; Syn. Conif. 30 (1847)

= Juniperus hibernica Lodd. ex Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2490 (1838)

= Juniperus hispanica Booth ex Endl.; Syn. Conif. 15 (1847)

= Juniperus interrupta H.Wendl. ex Endl.; Syn. Conif. 16 (1847)

= Juniperus montana Lindl. & Gordon; J. Hort. Soc. London 5: 200 (1850)

= Juniperus oblongo-pendula Loudon ex Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. 137 (1891)

= Juniperus occidentalis Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 1: 54 (1855)

= Juniperus pyramidalis Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 1: 22 (1855)

= Juniperus reflexa Gordon; Pinetum 98 (1858)

= Juniperus saxatilis Lindl. & Gordon; J. Hort. Soc. London 5: 200 (1850)

= Juniperus suecica Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 2 (1768)

= Juniperus taurica Lindl. & Gordon; J. Hort. Soc. London 5: 200 (1850)

= Juniperus uralensis Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. 138 (1891)

= Juniperus withmanniana Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., ed. 2: 18 (1867)

= Juniperus wittmanniana Steven ex Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2,2): 479 (1868)

= Sabina dealbata (Loudon) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. 68 (1857)

= Thuiaecarpus juniperinus Trautv.; Pl. Imag. Descr. Fl. Ross. 11, t. 6 (1844)

variant :

var. charlottensis R.P.Adams; Phytologia 90(2): 192 (-193; maps) (2008)

Distribution: Alaska; Canada (British Columbia)

70 ASK 71 CDN

variant :

var. depressa Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 2: 646 (1813)

Name: Common juniper

Distribution: Alaska; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Labrador, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Northern Territories, Nunavut, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Québec, Saskatchewan, Yukon); St. Pierre et Miquelon; USA (Alabama, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Iowa, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, North Carolina, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, Nevada, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Utah, Virginia, Vermont, Washington State, Wisconsin, West Virginia, Wyoming)

70 ASK CDN 71 CDN 72 CDN SPM 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus communis subsp. depressa (Pursh) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 12: 21 (1982)

= Juniperus communis subsp. depressa (Pursh) Franco; Bol. Soc. Brot., Ser. 2, 36: 117 (1962)

= Juniperus canadensis Lodd.; Cat. Pl. [Loddiges] 47 (1836)

= Juniperus depressa (Pursh) Raf.; Med. Fl. 2: 13 (1830)

variant :

var. hemisphaerica (J.Presl & C.Presl) Parl.; Fl. Ital. [Parlatore] 4: 83 (1868)

Distribution: SW-England; Portugal; Spain; Italy; Sicily; North Macedonia; Bulgaria; Greece (widespread in mainland mountains); European Russia; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus] (Abkhazia, Svaneti, Guria, Adzharia, Javakheti); Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (Anatolia)

10 GRB 12 POR SPA 13 BUL GRC ITA NMA SIC 14 KRY RUS 20 ALG MOR 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus communis subsp. hemisphaerica (C.Presl) Nyman

= Juniperus depressa Steven; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 30(1): 398 (1857) (non Rafin 1818)

= Juniperus hemisphaerica C.Presl; Delic. Prag. 142 (1822)

= Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. hemisphaerica (C.Presl) Em.Schmid; Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 78: 237 (1933)

variant :

var. kamchatkensis R.P.Adams; Phytologia 94(2): 294 (2012)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Kamchatka)

31 RFE

variant :

var. kelleyi R.P.Adams; Phytologia 95(3): 210, figs. 2-3 (2013)

Distribution: USA (Idaho: Blaine Co.)

73 USA

variant :

var. megistocarpa Fernald & H.St.John; Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 36: 58 (1921)

Distribution: Canada (Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Québec)

72 CDN

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus communis subsp. megistocarpa (Fernald & H.St.John) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 13(1): 7 (2006)

variant :

var. nipponica (Maxim.) E.H.Wilson; Conif. Taxads Japan 81 (1916)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Kuril Isl., Sakhalin); Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu)

31 RFE 38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus communis subsp. nipponica (Maxim.) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 13: 7 (2006)

= Juniperus rebunensis Kudô & Sasaki; Medic. Pl. Hokkaido 6 (1922)

= Juniperus rigida subsp. nipponica (Maxim.) Franco; Bol. Soc. Brot., Ser. 2, 36: 119 (1962)

= Juniperus nipponica Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg 12: 230 (1868)

variant :

var. oblonga (M.Bieb.) comb.ined.

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey

33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus oblonga M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 2: 426 (1808)

= Juniperus communis subsp. oblonga (M.Bieb.) Galushko; Trudy Sektora Rast. Res. Komit. Nauk Uzbeksk. S.S.R. 2-3: 165 (1950)

variant :

var. saxatilis Pall.; Fl. Ross. [Pallas] 1(2): 12, t. 4 (1789)

Name: Zwerg-Wacholder (DE), Creeping Juniper (EN)

Distribution: England (NW-England, N-Wales, Scotland, Outer Hebrides, Orkney Isl., Shetland Isl.); Ireland (NW-Ireland, Northern Ireland); Germany (Bayern); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; Greece (scattered in mainland mountains); Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Amur, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Kuril Isl., Magadan, Primorye, Sakhalin); Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Turkey (Anatolia); Iran; Afghanistan (Kunar / Nuristan, Paktia / Khost, Parwan); China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Xinjiang); Tibet; Mongolia; North Korea; Nepal; Greenland; Canada (British Columbia, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Isl., Yukon); USA (California, Oregon, Washington State)

10 GRB IRE 11 CZE GER LIE SLO SWI 12 ADO COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA SLV SRB 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 34 AFG IRN TUR 36 CHI TIB 37 MON 38 NKO 40 NEP 70 CDN GNL 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus alpina (Suter) Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 226

= Juniperus alpina Godr.; Fl. France [Grenier] 3: 157 (1855), nom. illeg.

= Juniperus alpina Hill; Brit. Herb. [Hill] 511 (1756)

= Juniperus alpina Vill.; Hist. Pl. Dauphiné [Villars] 1: 288, 302 (1786), nomen, & Hist. Pl. Dauph. 3: 811 (1789), syn.

= Juniperus communis f. pygmaea (K.Koch) R.P.Adams & Tashev; Phytologia 96(2): 128 (2014)

= Juniperus communis subsp. alpina (Suter) Celak.; Arch. Naturwiss. Landesdurchf. Böhmen 1(3) (Prodr. Fl. Böhmen 1): 17 (1867)

= Juniperus communis subsp. intermedia (Schur) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. [K.Richter] 1: 6 (1890), isonym

= Juniperus communis subsp. intermedia (Schur) Simonk.; Enum. Fl. Transsilv. 597 (1887)

= Juniperus communis subsp. montana (Neilr.) Celak.; Arch. Naturwiss. Landesdurchf. Böhmen 1(3) (Prodr. Fl. Böhmen 1): 17 (1867)

= Juniperus communis subsp. nana (Willd.) Syme; Engl. Bot., ed. 3B, 8: 275 (1868)

= Juniperus communis subsp. pygmaea (K.Koch) Imkhan.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 27: 10 (1990)

= Juniperus communis subsp. saxatilis (Pall.) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 12: 21 (1982)

= Juniperus communis subsp. sibirica (Burgsd.) Syme; Engl. Bot., ed. 3B, 8: 275 (1868)

= Juniperus communis var. alpina Clus. ex Neilr.; Fl. Nied.-Oesterr. 227 (1858), nom. illeg.

= Juniperus communis var. alpina Suter; Fl. Helv. 292 (1802), nom. illeg.

= Juniperus communis var. intermedia (Schur) Sanio; Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 1: 51 (1883)

= Juniperus communis var. jackii Rehder; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 1907: 70 (1907)

= Juniperus communis var. montana Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 3: 414 (1789)

= Juniperus communis var. nana (Willd.) Baumg.; Enum. Stirp. Transsilv. 2: 308 (1816)

= Juniperus communis var. nana Dumort.; Fl. Belg. [Dumortier] 9 (1827), nom. inval.

= Juniperus communis var. nana J.Forbes; Pinet. Woburn. 203 (1839), nom. illeg.

= Juniperus communis var. nana Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2489 (1838), nom. illeg.

= Juniperus communis var. oblonga Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2489 (1838)

= Juniperus communis var. sibirica Rydb.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3: 533 (1896)

= Juniperus intermedia Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 2: 169 (1851)

= Juniperus nana var. alpina (Gaudin) Hausm.; Fl. Tirol [Hausmann] 2: 805 (1852)

= Juniperus nana var. intermedia (Schur) Sagorski & Gus.Schneider; Fl. Centralkarpath. [Sagorski & Gus.Schneider] 570 (1891)

= Juniperus nana var. montana (Aiton) Hausm.; Fl. Tirol [Hausmann] 2: 806 (1852)

= Juniperus nana Willd.; Berlin. Baumz. 159 (1796) (nom. illeg.)

= Juniperus niemannii E.L.Wolf; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 3: 37 (1922)

= Juniperus pygmaea K.Koch; Linnaea 22: 302 (1849)

= Juniperus sibirica Burgsd.; Anl. Erzieh. Holzart. 124 (1787)

= Juniperus sibirica var. montana (Aiton) Beck; Blätt. Vereins Landesk. Nieder-Österreich 1890: 78 (1890)

species :

Juniperus convallium Rehder & E.H.Wilson; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 2: 62 (1914)

Distribution: China (S-Gansu, SE-Qinghai, W-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); E-Tibet

36 CHI TIB

Conservation Status: IUCN R

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus convallium f. pendula (C.Y.Cheng, W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu) R.P.Adams; Phytologia 94(3): 396 (2012)

= Juniperus mekongensis Kom.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 5: 28 (1924)

= Juniperus ramulosa Florin; Acta Horti Gothob. 3: 5 (1927)

= Sabina convallium (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu

= Sabina mekongensis Kom.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 5: 28 (1924)

= Sabina przewalskii f. pendula C.Y.Cheng, W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 13(4): 86 (1975)

variant :

var. microsperma (C.Y.Cheng, W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu) Silba; Phytologia Mem. 7: 33 (1984)

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan); E-Tibet

36 CHI TIB

Conservation Status: IUCN R

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus microsperma (C.Y.Cheng, W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu) R.P.Adams; Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 28(6): 540 (2000)

= Sabina convallium var. microsperma C.Y.Cheng, W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 13(4): 86 (1975)

= Sabina microsperma (C.Y.Cheng, W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu) W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu; Fl. Xizang. 1: 390 (1983)

species :

Juniperus deltoides R.P.Adams; Phytologia 86(2): 47 (2004), nom. nov.

Name: Großfrüchtiger Stech-Wacholder (DE); Large-fruited Juniper (EN)

Distribution: Spain (E-Spain); Croatia; Montenegro; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread, incl. Kiklades, Samothraki); Crete (mountains); European Russia; Crimea; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Chios, Samos); Turkey (Anatolia, widespread); NW-Iran; Cyprus; Lebanon; Syria; Israel; Jordania

12 SPA 13 ALB BUL CRO GRC KRI MNT NMA TUE 14 KRY RUS 33 GEO NCS 34 CYP EAI IRN ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR

Remarks: oxycedrus agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus deltoides f. yaltirikiana (Avci & Ziel.) R.P.Adams; Phytologia 93(3): 298 (2011)

= Juniperus macrocarpa Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. [Sibthorp] 2: 263 (1816)

= Juniperus oxycedrus f. yaltirikiana Avci & Ziel.; Phytol. Balcan. 14(1): 38 (2008)

= Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. deltoides (R.P.Adams) N.G.Passal.; Inform. Bot. Ital. 41(1): 141 (2009)

= Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. macrocarpa (Sm.) Ball; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16(no. 93): 670 (1877), isonym

= Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. macrocarpa (Sm.) Neilr.; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 18(Veget. Croat): 52 (1868)

= Juniperus oxycedrus var. macrocarpa (Sm.) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 7(1): 25 (2000)

variant :

var. spilinanus (Yalt., Eliçin & Terzioglu) Terzioglu; Phytologia 92(2): 161 (2010)

Distribution: Turkey (W-Anatolia: Spildagi NP)

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus oxycedrus var. spilinanus Yalt., Eliçin & Terzioglu; Turk. J. Bot. 31(1): 38 (2007)

species :

Juniperus deppeana Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 835 (1841)

Name: Alligator juniper

Distribution: India [I]; USA (Arizona, New Mexico, Texas); Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Morelos, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Zacatecas)

40 ind 76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus deppeana f. elongata R.Adams; Phytologia 87(2): 101 (2005)

= Juniperus gigantea Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 8 (1857)

= Juniperus deppeana var. obscura (Martinez) Gaussen; Trav. Lab. Forest. Toulouse, Tome 2, sect. 1, vol. 1(2), chap. 10: 152 (1968)

= Juniperus mexicana Schiede & Deppe; Linnaea 5: 77 (1830)

= Juniperus sabinoides Humb. ex Lindl. & Gordon; J. Hort. Soc. London 5: 202 (1850)

= Sabina deppeana (Steud.) Y.Yang & K.S.Mao; Pl. Diversity 44(4): 348 (2022)

= Sabina gigantea (Roezl) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. 36, t. 48 (1857)

= Sabina mexicana (Schiede & Deppe) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. 38, t. 51 (1857)

variant :

var. pachyphlaea (Torr.) Martinez; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 17: 53 (1946)

Distribution: USA (Arizona, New Mexico, W-Texas); Mexico (Sonora)

76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus deppeana subsp. pachyphlaea (Torr.) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 13(1): 8 (2006)

= Juniperus pachyphlaea Torr.; Pacif. Railr. Rep. 4(5, no. 4) [Whipple] 142 (1857)

= Sabina pachyphloea (Torr.) A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 5: 120 (1909)

= Sabina plochyderma Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. 40, t. 52 (1857)

variant :

var. patoniana (Martínez) Zanoni; Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 4(3): 152 (1976), without basionym ref., et in Phytologia 38(6): 438 (1978)

Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango, Sonora, Zacatecas)

79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus deppeana subsp. patoniana (Martínez) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 13(1): 9 (2006)

= Juniperus patoniana Martínez; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 17: 62 (1946)

variant :

var. robusta Martínez; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 17: 47, fig. 35-39 (1946)

Distribution: Mexico

79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus deppeana subsp. robusta (Martínez) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 13(1): 9 (2006)

variant :

var. sperryi Correll; Wrightia 3: 188 (1966)

Distribution: USA (W-Texas, Arizona, New Mexico); Mexico (Sonora)

76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus deppeana f. sperryi (Correll) R.P.Adams; Brittonia 25(3): 289 (1973)

= Juniperus deppeana subsp. sperryi (Correll) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 13: 8 (1983)

variant :

var. zacatecensis Martínez; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 17: 57, fig. 44-48 (1946)

Distribution: Mexico (Durango, W-Zacatecas)

79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus deppeana f. zacatecensis (Martínez) R.P.Adams; Phytologia 88(3): 229 (2006)

= Juniperus deppeana subsp. zacatecensis (Martínez) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 13(1): 9 (2006)

= Juniperus zacatecensis (Martinez) Gaussen; Trav. Lab. Forest. Toulouse, Tome 2, sect. 1, vol. 1(2), chap. 10: 151 (1968)

species :

Juniperus drupacea Labill.; Icon. Pl. Syr., Dec. 2: 14 (1791)

Name: Syrian juniper (EN), Griechischer Wacholder (DE)

Distribution: Greece (SE-Peloponnisos); Turkey (S- and W-Anatolia, coastal); Lebanon; Syria; Israel

13 GRC 34 ISR LEB SYR TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Arceuthos drupacea (Labill.) Antoine & Kotschy; Oesterr. Bot. Wochenbl. 4: 249 (1854)

= Juniperus duplicata Göpp.; Index Sem. (Breslau) (1871)

species :

Juniperus durangensis Martínez; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 17: 94 (1946)

Distribution: Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Durango, Jalisco, Sinaloa, Sonora, Zacatecas)

79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Sabina durangensis (Martínez) Y.Yang & K.S.Mao; Pl. Diversity 44(4): 348 (2022)

variant :

var. topiensis R.P.Adams & S.González; Phytologia 94(1): 46 (2012)

Distribution: Mexico (Durango)

79 MEX

species :

Juniperus excelsa M.Bieb.; Tabl. Prov. Mer Casp. 204 (1798)

subspecies :

subsp. excelsa

Name: Greek juniper, dhup

Distribution: Italy [I]; North Macedonia; Albania; S-Bulgaria; N-Greece (mountains, Thasos, Samothraki); Crimea; Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; Uzbekistan [I]; Northern Caucasus; Turkey (Anatolia); Iran; Cyprus; Lebanon; Syria

13 ALB BUL GRC ita NMA 14 KRY 29 mau reu 32 uzb 33 NCS 34 CYP IRN LEB SYR TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus aegaea Griseb.; Veg. Erde [Grisebach] 378, 572 (1871)

= Juniperus excelsa Griff.; Not. Pl. Asiat. 4: 26 (1854)

= Juniperus excelsa var. depressa O.Schwarz; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 36: 66 (1934)

= Juniperus foetida var. excelsa (M.Bieb.) Spach; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 2, 16: 297 (1841)

= Juniperus himalayaensis Carrière; Man. Gén. Pl. [Jacques & Herincq] 4: 314 (1865)

= Juniperus isophyllos K.Koch; Linnaea 22: 304 (1849)

= Juniperus lasdeliana Laws. ex Gordon; Pinetum 105 (1858)

= Juniperus lorulasi K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(2): 135 (1873)

= Juniperus lorulazi Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 36 (1867)

= Juniperus olivierii Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 1: 57 (1855)

= Juniperus perkinsii Gordon; Pinetum, ed. 2: 144 (1862)

= Juniperus religiosa Endl.; Syn. Conif. 26 (1847)

= Juniperus sabina Gueldenst.; Reise Russland [Gueldenstaedt] 1: 98 (1787) non L.

= Juniperus sabina var. excelsa (M.Bieb.) Georgi; Beschr. Nation. Russ. Reich 3(5): 1358 (1800)

= Juniperus stricta Gordon; Pinetum, ed. 2: 144 (1862)

= Juniperus venusta Gordon; Pinetum, ed. 2: 144 (1862)

= Sabina excelsa (M.Bieb.) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. 45, t. 60 (1857)

= Sabina isophyllos (K.Koch) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. 48. tt. 64-66 (1857)

= Sabina olivierii (Carrière) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. 70 (1857)

= Sabina religiosa Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. 47, t. 61 (1857)

subspecies :

subsp. polycarpos (K.Koch) Takht.; Fl. Erevana 53 (1972)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus] (Kartli, Kiziki); Armenia; Azerbaijan; E-Turkey (Anatolia); Iran; Afghanistan (Badakshan, Wakhan, Badghys, Baghlan, Balkh, Bamyan, Faryab, Herat, Kunar / Nuristan, Logar, Nangarhar, Paktia / Khost, Parwan, Takhar); Saudi Arabia; Oman; Pakistan (Quetta, N-Pakistan); N-India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir)

32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG IRN TUR 35 OMA SAU 40 IND PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus excelsa f. glauca Priszter; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 22(1-2): 207 (1976 publ. 1977) (without type)

= Juniperus excelsa subsp. seravschanica (Kom.) Imkhan.; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 75: 407 (1990)

= Juniperus excelsa subsp. turcomanica (B.Fedtsch.) Imkhan.; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 75(3): 408 (1990)

= Juniperus excelsa var. farreana Mehra; (1976)

= Juniperus excelsa var. pendula (Mulk.) Imkhan.; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 75(3): 407 (1990)

= Juniperus excelsa var. polycarpos (K.Koch) Silba; Phytologia Mem. 7: 34 (1984)

= Juniperus excelsa var. seravschanica (Kom.) R.P.Adams; Phytologia 98(3): 227 (2016)

= Juniperus excelsa var. turcomanica (B.Fedtsch.) R.P.Adams; Phytologia 98(3): 227 (2016)

= Juniperus kulsaica Dmitrieva

= Juniperus macropoda Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 5: 709 (1884)

= Juniperus pingii subsp. polycarpos (K.Koch) Takht.; Fl. Erevana 53 (1972)

= Juniperus polycarpos K.Koch; Linnaea 22: 303 (1849)

= Juniperus polycarpos subsp. turcomanica (B.Fedtsch.) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 13(1): 14 (2006)

= Juniperus polycarpos var. pendula Mulk.; Dokl. Akad. Nauk Armyanskoi S.S.R. 45(2): 86 (1967)

= Juniperus polycarpos var. seravschanica (Kom.) Kitam.; Results Kyoto Univ. Sci. Exped. Karakoram 8: 68 (1966)

= Juniperus polycarpos var. turcomanica (B.Fedtsch.) R.P.Adams; Phytologia 86(2): 50 (2004)

= Juniperus polysperma Dmitrieva

= Juniperus seravschanica Kom.; Bot. Zhurn. S.S.S.R. 17: 481 (1932), Fl. URSS 1: 187 (1934)

= Juniperus turcomanica B.Fedtsch.; Fl. Turkmen. [Fedtschenko et al.] 1: 14 (1932)

= Juniperus turcomanica var. seravschanica (Kom.) R.P.Adams; Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 27(7): 721 (1999)

= Juniperus zaanzinica Dmitrieva

= Sabina polycarpos Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. 47, t. 63 (1857)

= Sabina seravschanica (Kom.) Nevski; Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 4: 245 (1937)

= Sabina turcomanica (B.Fedtsch.)Nevski; Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 4: 218 (1937), obs.

species :

Juniperus flaccida Schltdl.; Linnaea 12: 495 (1838)

Name: Drooping juniper

Distribution: USA (W-Texas: Chisos Mts.); Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Zacatecas)

77 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus flaccida var. gigantea (Roezl) Gaussen

= Juniperus gracilis Endl.; Syn. Conif. 31 (1847)

= Sabina flaccida (Schltdl.) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. 37, t. 49 (1857)

variant :

var. martinezii (Pérez de la Rosa) Silba; Phytologia 58(6): 367 (1985)

Distribution: Mexico (Aguascalientes, Guanajuato, Jalisco, Puebla, San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, Zacatecas)

79 MEX

Conservation Status: IUCN R

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus flaccida subsp. martinezii (Pérez de la Rosa) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 13(1): 9 (2006)

= Juniperus martinezii Pérez de la Rosa; Phytologia 57(2): 81 (1985)

= Sabina martinezii (Pérez de la Rosa) Y.Yang & K.S.Mao; Pl. Diversity 44(4): 348 (2022)

species :

Juniperus foetidissima Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4: 853 (1806)

Name: Stinkender Wacholder (DE), Stinking Juniper (EN)

Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Greece (mountains in mainland, Athos); Crimea; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus] (Kartli, Kiziki, Trialeti); Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl.; Iran; Cyprus; Lebanon

13 ALB GRC KOS NMA SRB 14 KRY 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 CYP EAI IRN LEB

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus foetida Spach; Hist. Nat. Vég. [Spach] 11: 314 (1841)

= Juniperus foetida var. squarrulosa Spach; Hist. Nat. Vég. [Spach] 11: 321 (1842)

= Juniperus foetidissima var. pindicola Formánek; (1896) (Pindos, Greece, sometimes recognized as bona var.)

= Juniperus foetidissima var. squarrosa Medw.; Trudy Bot. Sada Imp. Yur´evsk. Univ. 3: 229 (1903)

= Juniperus phoenicea Pall.; Fl. Ross. [Pallas] 2: 16, t. 57 (1789) (non L., 1753)

= Juniperus sabina Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. [Sibthorp] 2(2): 264 (1816) non L.

= Juniperus sabinoides Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2: 352 (1846)

= Juniperus thurifera Hort.Par. ex Endl.; Syn. Conif. 25 (1847)

= Sabina foetidissima (Willd.) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. 49. tt. 67-71 (1857)

= Sabina foetidissima var. bonatiana (Vis.) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. 49 (1857)

= Sabina grisebachii Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. 61 (1857)

species :

Juniperus formosana Hayata; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 25: Art. 19, 209 (1908)

Name: Formosan juniper, prickly cypress

Distribution: China (S-Anhui, W-Fujian, E-Gansu, Guizhou, W-Hubei, S-Hunan, S-Jiangsu, Jiangxi, NE-Qinghai, S-Shaanxi, Sichuan, S-Yunnan, Zhejiang); Tibet; Taiwan

36 CHI TIB 38 TAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus chekiangensis Nakai; Tyosen Sanrin Kaiho No. 163 (Indig. Spec. Conif. & Taxads Korea & Manchur. II.) 26 (1938), in syn.

= Juniperus formosana subsp. mairei (Lemée & H.Lév.) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 13(1): 10 (2006)

= Juniperus formosana var. concolor Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 7: 39 (1918)

= Juniperus formosana var. mairei (Lemée & H.Lév.) R.P.Adams & C.F.Hsieh; Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 30(3): 239 (2002)

= Juniperus formosana var. sinica Nakai; Tyosen Sanrin Kaiho 163: 26 (1938)

= Juniperus mairei Lemée & H.Lév.; Monde Pl. 16: 20 (1914)

= Juniperus oblonga var. pendula Knight & Perry

species :

Juniperus gamboana Martínez; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 15: 7 (1944)

Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas); Guatemala

79 MEX 80 GUA

Conservation Status: IUCN V

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus deppeana var. gamboana (Martínez) R.P.Adams; Phytologia 88(3): 229 (2006)

species :

Juniperus gaussenii W.C.Cheng; Trav. Lab. Forest. Toulouse, Tome 1, sect. 3: Art. 8, 3 (1940)

Distribution: China (C-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Remarks: status very doubtful, probably a sterile garden cultivar or possibly of hybrid origin

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus chinensis var. gaussenii (W.C.Cheng) Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 32 (1990)

= Sabina gaussenii (W.C.Cheng) W.C.Cheng & W.T.Wang

species :

Juniperus gracilior Pilg.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 7: 481 (1913)

subspecies :

subsp. gracilior

Name: Sabina (Dominican Republic), Weeping sabina, Cedre (Haiti)

Distribution: Hispaniola (Dominican Republic)

81 HIS

Conservation Status: IUCN E

Synonyms: hidden

= Sabina gracilior (Pilg.) Y.Yang & K.S.Mao; Pl. Diversity 44(4): 348 (2022)

variant :

var. ekmanii (Florin) R.P.Adams; Phytologia 78(2): 144 (1995)

Distribution: Hispaniola (Haiti, Dominican Republic)

81 HIS

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus ekmanii Florin; Ark. Bot. 25A(5): 14 (1933)

= Juniperus gracilior subsp. ekmanii (Florin) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 13(1): 10 (2006)

variant :

var. urbaniana (Pilg. & Ekman) R.P.Adams; Phytologia 78(2): 144 (1995)

Distribution: Hispaniola (Haiti)

81 HIS

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus barbadensis subsp. urbaniana (Pilg. & Ekman) Borhidi; Acta Bot. Hung. 37(1-4): 90 (1992)

= Juniperus barbadensis var. urbaniana (Pilg. & Ekman) Silba; Phytologia 56(5): 341 (1984)

= Juniperus gracilior subsp. urbaniana (Pilg. & Ekman) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 13(1): 10 (2006)

= Juniperus urbaniana Pilg. & Ekman; Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 9 (1926)

subspecies :

subsp. saxicola (Britton & P.Wilson) Borhidi; Acta Bot. Hung. 37(1-4): 90 (1992)

Name: Sabina (Cuba)

Distribution: Cuba

81 CUB

Conservation Status: endangered (Red List of the Vascular Flora of Cuba) and (IUCN)

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus barbadensis var. saxicola (Britton & P.Wilson) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 7(1): 25 (2000)

= Juniperus gracilior subsp. saxicola (Britton & P.Wilson) J.L.Gómez & García-Beltrán; Cat. Plantas de Cuba 371 (2024), isonym

= Juniperus gracilior var. saxicola (Britton & P.Wilson) R.P.Adams; Phytologia 94(3): 361 (2012)

= Juniperus gracilis subsp. saxicola (Britton & P.Wilson) Greuter & R.Rankin; Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana 43: 122 (2022)

= Juniperus saxicola Britton & P.Wilson; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 50: 35 (1923)

= Sabina saxicola (Britton & P.Wilson) Y.Yang & K.S.Mao; Pl. Diversity 44(4): 349 (2022)

species :

Juniperus horizontalis Moench; Methodus [Moench] 699 (1794)

Name: Creeping juniper, savinier, genevrier horizontal

70 ASK CDN 71 CDN 72 CDN SPM 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus horizontalis subsp. hamptonensis Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 11(1): 28 (2004)

= Juniperus horizontalis subsp. neopangaea Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 11(1): 28 (31) (2004)

= Juniperus horizontalis var. douglasii Rehder; Stand. Cycl. Hort. 3: 1729 (1915)

= Juniperus hudsonica J.Forbes; Pinet. Woburn. 208 (1839)

= Juniperus prostrata Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2(2): 632 (1807)

= Juniperus repens Nutt.; Gen. N. Amer. Pl. [Nuttall] 2: 245 (1818)

= Juniperus virginiana var. prostrata (Pers.) Torr.; Fl. New York 2: 235 (1847)

= Sabina horizontalis (Moench) Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 39: 100 (1912)

= Sabina prostrata (Pers.) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. 57, t. 79 (1857)

species :

Juniperus indica Bertol.; Misc. Bot. [Bertoloni] 23: 228, t. 1 (1862)

Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan, W-Sichuan); E-Tibet; S-Tibet; N-Pakistan; Nepal; Bhutan; NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarh Pradesh)

36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus excelsa Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 6041 (1832), nomen

= Juniperus wallichiana Hook.f. & H.H.Thomas. ex Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2): 482 (1868), pro syn.) ex Brandis, For. Fl. Ind. 537 (1874)

= Juniperus wallichiana var. loderi Hornibr.; Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 85: 50 (1929)

= Juniperus wallichiana var. meionocarpa Hand.-Mazz.; Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 61: 107 (1924)

= Sabina indica (Bertol.) L.K.Fu & Y.F.Yu; Higher Pl. China 3: 90 (2000)

= Sabina wallichiana Kom.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 5: 26 (1924), syn.

variant :

var. caespitosa Farjon; Monogr. Cupressaceae Sciadopitys 313 (2005)

Distribution: Tibet; Nepal

36 TIB 40 NEP

species :

Juniperus jaliscana Martínez; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 17: 69 (1946)

Distribution: Mexico (S-Durango, NW-Jalisco)

79 MEX

Conservation Status: IUCN E

Synonyms: hidden

= Sabina jaliscana (Martínez) Y.Yang & K.S.Mao; Pl. Diversity 44(4): 348 (2022)

species :

Juniperus komarovii Florin; Acta Horti Gothob. 3: 3 (1927)

Distribution: China (S-Gansu, SE-Qinghai, NW-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Conservation Status: IUCN R

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus glaucescens Florin; Acta Horti Gothob. 3: 5 (1927)

= Sabina komarovii (Florin) W.C.Cheng & W.T.Wang; Trees China [W.J.Zheng et al.] 1: 261 (1961)

species :

Juniperus maderensis (Menezes) R.P.Adams; Phytologia 92(1): 53 (2010)

Distribution: Madeira (Madeira Isl.)

21 MDR

Remarks: oxycedrus agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus cedrus subsp. maderensis (Menezes) Rivas Mart., Capelo, J.C.Costa, Lousã, Fontinha, R.Jardim & M.Seq.; Itinera Geobot. 15(2): 703 (2002)

= Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. maderensis Menezes; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 18(227-228): xii (1908)

= Juniperus cedrus f. fastigiata R.M.S.Vieira; Bol. Mus. Munic. Funchal 49: 143 (1997)

species :

Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.; Silva [Sargent] 10: 89 (1896)

Name: Oneseed juniper

Distribution: USA (Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, Utah); Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Nuevo León, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas)

73 USA 74 USA 76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus californica var. monosperma (Engelm.) Lemmon; Cone-bear. Trees Pacif. Slope, ed. 2: 17 (1892)

= Juniperus gymnocarpa (Lemmon) Cory; Rhodora 38: 184 (1936)

= Juniperus occidentalis var. gymnocarpa Lemmon; Cone-bear. Trees Pacif. Slope 80 (1895)

= Juniperus occidentalis var. monosperma Engelm.; Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 3: 590. [reprint, 8.] (1877)

= Sabina monosperma (Engelm.) Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 32: 598 (1905)

species :

Juniperus monticola Martínez; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 17: 79 (1946), nom. illeg.

Distribution: Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Morelos, Nuevo León, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Zacatecas); Trinidad [I]

79 MEX 81 trt

Synonyms: hidden

= Cupressus tetragona Humb. & Bonpl. ex Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 33 (1867)

= Juniperus sabinoides f. monticola (Martínez) I.M.Johnst.; Taxon 34(3): 505 (1985) (nom. nov.)

= Juniperus tetragona Schltdl.; Linnaea 12: 495 (1838) non Moench (1794)

= Sabina monticola (Martínez) Y.Yang & K.S.Mao; Pl. Diversity 44(4): 348 (2022)

= Sabina sabinoides Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 33 (1903)

= Sabina tetragona Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. 40, t. 53 (1857)

form :

f. compacta Martínez; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 17: 85, fig. 71-73 (1946)

Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Jalisco, Mexico State, Nuevo León, Tlaxcala, Veracruz)

79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Sabina compacta (Martínez) Y.Yang & K.S.Mao; Pl. Diversity 44(4): 347 (2022)

= Cupressus sabinoides Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 2: 3 (1817)

= Juniperus mexicana Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 909 (1826) (nom. superfl. illeg.)

= Juniperus monticola subsp.compacta (Martínez) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 13(1): 12 (2006)

= Juniperus sabinoides (Kunth) Nees; Linnaea 19: 706 (1847)

form :

f. orizabensis Martínez; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 17: 91 (1946)

Distribution: Mexico (Veracruz, etc.)

79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus sabinoides f. orizabensis (Martínez) I.M.Johnst.; Taxon 34(3): 506 (1985)

= Juniperus monticola subsp. orizabensis (Martínez) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 13(1): 12 (2006)

species :

Juniperus navicularis Gand.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 57: 55 (1910)

Distribution: S-Portugal; Spain (SW-Spain)

12 POR SPA

Remarks: oxycedrus agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus oxycedrus var. transtagana (Franco) Silba; Phytologia Mem. 7: 35 (1984)

= Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. transtagana Franco; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 68: 166 (1963)

species :

Juniperus occidentalis Hook.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Hooker] 2: 166 (1838)

Name: Yellow juniper

Distribution: USA (California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Washington State)

73 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Chamaecyparis boursieri Decne.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 1: 70 (1854)

= Cupressus bacciformis Knight ex Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 38 (1862)

= Juniperus dealbata Knight; Syn. Conif. 12 (1847)

= Juniperus excelsa Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 2: 647 (1813)

= Juniperus hermanni K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(2): 141 (1873)

= Juniperus occidentalis var. texana Vasey; Special Rep. Dept. Agric. (Washington, D.C.) 1875: 185 (1876)

= Juniperus occidentalis f. corbetii R.P.Adams; Phytologia 94(1): 29 (22-34) (2012)

= Juniperus pyriformis A.Murray bis; Gard. Chron. 1855: 420 (1855)

= Sabina occidentalis (Hook.) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. 64. tt. 85-86 (1857)

= Sabina occidentalis (Hook.) A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 50: 47 (1906), isonym

variant :

var. australis (Vasek) A.H.Holmgren & N.H.Holmgren; Intermount. Fl. [Cronquist et al.] 239 (1972)

Name: Western juniper

Distribution: USA (California, Nevada)

76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus grandis R.P.Adams; Phytologia 88(3): 306 (2006), nom. nov.

= Juniperus occidentalis subsp. australis Vasek; Brittonia 18: 352 (1966)

= Sabina grandis (R.P.Adams) Y.Yang & K.S.Mao; Pl. Diversity 44(4): 348 (2022)

species :

Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little; Leafl. W. Bot. 5: 125 (1948)

Name: Utah juniper

Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Nevada, Utah, Wyoming)

73 USA 76 USA 77 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus californica subsp. osteosperma (Torr.) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 12: 21 (1982)

= Juniperus californica var. osteosperma (Torr.) L.D.Benson; Trees & Shrubs of Southw. Deserts, ed. 3: 377 (1981)

= Juniperus californica var. utahensis Engelm.; Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 3: 588. [reprint, 6.] (1877)

= Juniperus knightii A.Nelson; Bot. Gaz. 25: 198 (1898)

= Juniperus megalocarpa Sudw.; Forest. Irrig. 13: 307, figs. 1, 2 (1907)

= Juniperus monosperma var. knightii (A.Nelson) Lemmon; Cone-bear. Trees Pacif. Slope, ed. 4: 114 (1900)

= Juniperus occidentalis var. utahensis (Engelm.) A.H.Kent; Man. Conif. 289 (1881)

= Juniperus tetragona var. osteosperma Torr.; Pacif. Railr. Rep. 4(5, no. 4) [Whipple] 141 (142) (1857)

= Juniperus utahensis (Engelm.) Lemmon; Rep. Calif. Stat. Board. For. 183 (1890)

= Juniperus utahensis var. megalocarpa Sarg.; Bot. Gaz. 67: 208 (1919)

= Juniperus utahensis var. megalocarpa Sudw.; Check List For. Trees U.S.: 41 (1927)

= Sabina osteosperma (Torr.) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. 51 (1857)

= Sabina utahensis (Engelm.) Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 598 (1905)

species :

Juniperus oxycedrus L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 1038 (1753)

Name: Stechwacholder (DE), prickly juniper (EN)

Distribution: Portugal; Spain; Baleares; France; Monaco; Corsica; Sardinia; NW-Italy; San Marino; Slovenia [I]; Croatia [I]; Bosnia & Hercegovina [I]; Montenegro [I]; Serbia; Kosovo [I]; Greece (coastal mainland, Kiklades); Crete; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; East Aegaean Isl. (Ikaria, Samos, Dodecanese, Kos, Rhodos, Karpathos); Anatolia

12 BAL COR FRA MCO POR SAR SPA 13 bih cro GRC ITA kos KRI mnt slv SMA SRB 20 ALG MOR TUN 34 EAI

Remarks: oxycedrus agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus attica Orph.; Nutzpfl. Griechenl. [Heldreich] 13 (1862)

= Juniperus biasolettii Link; Atti Riunione Sci. Ital. 7: 878 (1846)

= Juniperus bieberstieniana K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(2): 112 (1873)

= Juniperus echinoformis Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., ed. 2: 13 (1867)

= Juniperus elliptica Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 1: 11 (1855)

= Juniperus fortunei Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 1: 11 (1855)

= Juniperus glauca Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 397 (1796)

= Juniperus grandifolius Link; Phys. Beschr. Canar. Ins. [Buch] 159 (1825)

= Juniperus heterocarpa Timb.-Lagr. ex Loret & Barrandon; Fl. Montpellier 2: 610 (1876)

= Juniperus lobelii Guss.; Fl. Sicul. Syn. 2: 63 5 (1845) 20. 14. 38

= Juniperus macrocarpa Ten.; Syll. Pl. Fl. Neapol. 483, partim (1831)

= Juniperus macrocarpa var. ellipsoidea Neilr.; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 19: 780 (1869)

= Juniperus macrocarpa var. globosa Neilr.; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 19: 780 (1869)

= Juniperus marschalliana Steven; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 29(1): 244 (1856)

= Juniperus neaboriensis Laws. ex Gordon; Pinetum 96 (1858)

= Juniperus oblongata Guss.; Fl. Sicul. Syn. 2: 635, textu

= Juniperus oxycedrina St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 128 (1880)

= Juniperus oxycedrus f. densa Jovan.; Fl. Serbia 1: 413 (1992)

= Juniperus oxycedrus f. parvifolia Novák

= Juniperus oxycedrus f. viminalis Jovan.; Fl. Serbia 1: 413 (1992)

= Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. hemisphaerica (C.Presl) Em.Schmid ex Atzei & V.Picci; Arch. Bot. Biogeogr. Ital. 49(1-2): 4 (1972 publ. 1973) (without basionym ref.)

= Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. lagunae (Pau ex C.Vicioso) Rivas Mart.; Itinera Geobot. 15(2): 703 (2002), nom. inval.

= Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. rufescens Debeaux; Fl. Kabylie [Debeaux]: 411 (1894)

= Juniperus oxycedrus var. brachyphylla Loret; Annot. Fl. France Allemagne 282 (1865)

= Juniperus oxycedrus var. brevifolia Seub.; Fl. Azor. [Seubert] 26 (1844)

= Juniperus oxycedrus var. fastigiata Jovan.; Fl. Serbia 1: 413 (1992)

= Juniperus oxycedrus var. microcarpa Neilr.; Veg. Croat. 52 (1968)

= Juniperus oxycedrus var. parvifolia (Novák) Jovan.; Fl. Serbia 1: 218 (1992)

= Juniperus oxycedrus var. rufescens Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2, 2: 13 (1867)

= Juniperus oxycedrus var. wittmanniana Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif. 14 (1855)

= Juniperus rufescens Link; Flora 29: 579 (1846)

= Juniperus sphaerocarpa Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. 11, t. 10 (1857)

= Juniperus taurica Fox-Strangw. ex Gordon; Pinetum 100 (1858)

= Juniperus tenella Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. 20, 27-29 (1857)

= Juniperus umbilicata Godr.; Fl. France [Grenier] 3: 158 (1855)

= Juniperus willkommii Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. 9, t. 7 (1857)

= Juniperus wittmanniana Fisch. ex Lindl.; J. Hort. Soc. London 5: 200 (1850)

= Oxycedrus echinoformis Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., ed. 2: 13 (1867)

= Oxycedrus withmanniana Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., ed. 2: 13 (1867)

= Sabina phoenicea var. lobelii (Guss.) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. 43 (1857)

species :

Juniperus phoenicea L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 1040 (1753)

subspecies :

subsp. phoenicea

Name: Phönizischer Wacholder (DE); Phoenician juniper (EN)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; Baleares; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Croatia; Albania; Greece (widespread); Crete; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; East Aegaean Isl. (incl. Rhodos); Turkey (Anatolia); Iran; Cyprus; Sinai peninsula; Jordania; Saudi Arabia

11 ger 12 ADO BAL COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB CRO GRC ITA KRI SIC 20 ALG LBY MOR TUN 34 CYP EAI IRN JOR SIN TUR 35 SAU

Synonyms: hidden

= Cupressus bacciformis Willd.; Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. Suppl. [Willdenow] 64 (1814), nomen

= Cupressus devoniana Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. 116 (1891)

= Juniperus bacciformis (Willd.) Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 1: 56 (1855)

= Juniperus divaricata Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 51 (1867)

= Juniperus formosa Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 51 (1867)

= Juniperus langoldiana Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 38 (1862)

= Juniperus lycia L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 1039 (1753)

= Juniperus malacocarpa Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 50 (1867)

= Juniperus myosuros Sénécl.; Cat. Sénécl. 35 (1854)

= Juniperus myurus Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. 117 (1891)

= Juniperus oophora Kunze; Flora 29: 637 (1846)

= Juniperus phoenicea var. lobelii Guss.; Pl. Rar. Neapol. [Gussone] 370 (1826)

= Juniperus phoenicea var. lycia (L.) St.-Lag.; Étude Fl. [A.Cariot], éd. 8, 2: 762 (1889)

= Juniperus phoenicea var. macrocarpa St.-Lag.; Étude Fl. [A.Cariot], éd. 8, 2: 762 (1889)

= Juniperus phoenicea var. malacocarpa Endl.; Syn. Conif. 30 (1847)

= Juniperus phoenicea var. pyramidalis Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif. 51 (1855)

= Juniperus phoenicea var. sclerocarpa Endl.; Syn. Conif. 30 (1847)

= Juniperus terminalis Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 397 (1796)

= Juniperus tetragona Moench; Methodus [Moench] 699 (1794)

= Juniperus thurifera Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 50 (1867)

= Oxicedrus licia Garsault; Fig. Pl. Med., t. 89 (1764), Descr. Pl. Anim. 65 (1767), Thell. in Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 8: 784 (1908)

= Sabina bacciformis (Willd.) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. 69 (1857)

= Sabina lycia (L.) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. 44, t. 59 (1857)

= Sabina phoenicea (L.) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. 42, t. 57 (1857)

= Sabinella phoenicea (L.) Nakai; Tyosen Sanrin Kaiho, No. 165 (Indig. Spec. Conif. & Taxads Korea & Manchur. III.) 14 (1938)

variant :

var. forneri P.P.Ferrer, E.Laguna, R.Roselló & Peris; Nemus 12: 90 (2022)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

subspecies :

subsp. canariensis (Guyot) Romo, Mazur, Salvà-Catarineu & Borat.; Phytotaxa 406(1): 66 (2019)

Name: Kanaren-Wacholder (DE); Sabina canaria (ES)

Distribution: Madeira (Madeira Isl., Porto Santo Isl.); Canary Isl. (Hierro, La Palma, Gomera, Tenerife, Gran Canaria)

21 CNY MDR

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus canariensis Guyot; Trav. Lab. Forest. Toulouse, Tome 1, sect. 3: Art. 20, 7 (1942)

= Juniperus turbinata subsp. canariensis (Guyot) Rivas Mart., Wildpret & P.Pérez; Itinera Geobot. 7: 511 (1993)

= Juniperus phoenicea subsp. canariensis (Guyot) D.Pav., Véla & Médail; Ecol. Medit. 46(2): 93 (2021), isonym

subspecies :

subsp. turbinata (Guss.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 676 (1881)

Distribution: Portugal; Spain; Baleares; France (S-France); Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Greece (widespread in lowlands, Kiklades); Crete; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Chios, Ikaria, Samos, Kos, Dodecanese, Simi, Rhodos, Karpathos, Kasos); Anatolia; Morocco; Tunisia

12 BAL COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 GRC ITA KRI PEL PTL SIC 20 MOR TUN 34 EAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus turbinata Guss.; Fl. Sicul. Syn. 2: 634 (1845)

= Sabina turbinata (Guss.) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. 41, t. 56 (1857)

= Juniperus phoenicea var. turbinata (Guss.) Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2): 487 (1868)

species :

Juniperus pinchotii Sudw.; Forest. Irrig. 11: 203 (1905)

Name: Pinchot juniper, Redberry juniper

Distribution: USA (New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas); Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Guanajuato, Jalisco, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas)

74 USA 77 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus erythrocarpa Cory; Rhodora 38: 186 (1936)

= Juniperus monosperma var. pinchotii (Sudw.) Melle; Phytologia 4: 29 (1952)

= Juniperus pinchotii var. erythrocarpa (Cory) Silba; Phytologia Mem. 7: 35 (1984)

= Juniperus texensis Van Melle; Phytologia 4: 26 (1952)

= Sabina pinchotii (Sudw.) Y.Yang & K.S.Mao; Pl. Diversity 44(4): 348 (2022)

species :

Juniperus pingii C.Y.Cheng ex W.C.Cheng; Res. Notes Forest. Inst. Natl. Centr. Univ. Nanking, Dendrol. Ser. 1: 2 (1947)

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet

36 CHI TIB

Conservation Status: IUCN R

Synonyms: hidden

= Sabina pingii (W.C.Cheng ex Ferré) W.C.Cheng & W.T.Wang; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 7: 355 (1978)

variant :

var. chengii (L.K.Fu & Y.F.Yu) Farjon; Monogr. Cupressaceae Sciadopitys 344 (2005)

Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus chengii L.K.Fu & Y.F.Yu; Novon 7: 443 (1998)

= Juniperus pingii subsp. chengii (L.K.Fu & Y.F.Yu) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 13(1): 13 (2006)

variant :

var. miehei Farjon; Monogr. Cupressaceae Sciadopitys 346 (2005)

Distribution: SE-Tibet (Zangbo River Basin)

36 TIB

variant :

var. wilsonii (Rehder) Silba; Phytologia Mem. 7: 36 (1984)

Distribution: China (S-Gansu, NW-Hubei, S-Qinghai, S-Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet

36 CHI TIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus carinata (Y.F.Yu & L.K.Fu) R.P.Adams; Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 28(6): 541 (2000)

= Juniperus pingii var. carinata Y.F.Yu & L.K.Fu; Novon 7: 443 (1998)

= Juniperus squamata subsp. wilsonii (Rehder) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 13(1): 16 (2006)

= Juniperus squamata var. wilsonii (Rehder) R.P.Adams; Phytologia 94(3): 399 (2012)

= Sabina pingii var. wilsonii (Rehder) W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu; Fl. Hupeh. 1: 21 (1976), et in Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 7: 356 (1978)

= Sabina squamata var. wilsonii (Rehder) W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu; Chinese Dendrol. 1: 320 (1972)

species :

Juniperus poblana (Martínez) R.P.Adams; Phytologia 88(3): 239 (2006)

Distribution: Mexico (Durango, Jalisco, Oaxaca, Puebla)

79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus flaccida subsp. poblana (Martínez) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 13(1): 10 (2006)

= Juniperus flaccida var. poblana Martinez; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 17: 31, figs (1946)

= Sabina poblana (Martínez) Y.Yang & K.S.Mao; Pl. Diversity 44(4): 348 (2022)

species :

Juniperus procera Hochst. ex Endl.; Syn. Conif. 26 (1847)

Name: African pencil cedar

Distribution: Cameroon [I]; E-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Sudan; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Djibouti; Somalia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Malawi; NE-Zimbabwe; Saudi Arabia; Yemen; Taiwan [I]; India [I]

23 cmn ZAI 24 DJI ERI ETH SOM SSU SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 MLW ZIM 35 SAU YEM 38 tai 40 ind

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus abyssinica K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(2): 132 (1873)

= Juniperus hochstetteri Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. t. 33 (1857)

= Sabina procera (Hochst. ex Endl.) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. 36, t. 47 (1857)

species :

Juniperus procumbens (Siebold ex Endl.) Miq.; Fl. Jap. [Siebold] 2: 59, t. 127 (1870)

Name: Creeping juniper

Distribution: China [I]; South Korea (Daeheuksan-do); Japan (Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl. (Okinawa group, Sakishima group)

36 chi 38 JAP KOR NNS

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus chinensis var. procumbens Siebold ex Endl.; Syn. Conif. 21 (1847)

= Juniperus procumbens var. nana Groot. ex Hornibr.; Dwarf Conifers ed. 2: 122 (1939)

species :

Juniperus przewalskii Kom.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 5: 28 (1924)

Distribution: China (SW-Gansu, E-Qinghai, NW-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Conservation Status: IUCN R

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus przewalskii subsp. pendula (W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 13(1): 14 (2006)

species :

Juniperus pseudosabina Fisch. & Mey.; Index Sem. (St. Petersburg [Petropolitanus]) 8: 65 (1842)

Distribution: Siberia (Altai, Tarbagatai); Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Takhar); China (Xinjiang); SW-Mongolia; Pakistan; ?Bhutan

30 SIB 32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 34 AFG 36 CHI 37 MON 40 PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus centrasiatica Kom.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 5: 27 (1924)

= Juniperus dumosa Lindl. & Gordon; J. Hort. Soc. London 5: 201 (1850)

= Juniperus lycia Siev.; Neu. Nord. Beitr. 7: 280 (1796)

= Juniperus sabina Pall.; Reise Russ. Reich. [Pallas] 3(1): 273 (1776)

= Juniperus squamata Gordon; Pinetum 110 ex parte (1858)

= Sabina fischeri Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. 53, t. 73 (1857)

= Sabina pseudosabina (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) W.C.Cheng & W.T.Wang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 13(4): 75 (1975)

variant :

var. turkestanica (Kom.) Silba; Phytologia Mem. 7: 36 (1984)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Afghanistan; China (Xinjiang); Pakistan

32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 34 AFG 36 CHI 40 PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Sabina turkestanica Kom.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 5: 26 (1924), syn.

= Juniperus turkestanica Kom.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 5: 26 (1924)

= Sabilla pseudosabina var. turkestanica (Kom.) C.Y.Yang; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 7: 369 (1978)

species :

Juniperus recurva Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don; Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 55 (1825)

Name: Drooping juniper

Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet; Pakistan (N-Pakistan, Chitral); Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Jammu & Kashmir, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Sikkim, etc.); N-Myanmar (Kachin)

36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP PAK 41 MYA

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus butanensis Wender.; Pfl. Bot. Gärt. Marb. 36 (1851)

= Juniperus canescens Wall. ex Gordon; Pinetum 106 (1858)

= Juniperus coxii A.B.Jacks.; New Fl. & Silva 5: 33 (1932)

= Juniperus densa Gordon; Pinetum Suppl. 32 (1862)

= Juniperus excelsa Madden ex Gordon; Pinetum 107 (1858) non M. Bieb.

= Juniperus incurva Buch.-Ham. ex Endl.; Syn. Conif. 18 (1847)

= Juniperus lambertiana Wall. ex Endl.; Syn. Conif. 19 (1847)

= Juniperus nepalensis Rinz ex Gordon; Pinetum 106 (1858)

= Juniperus recurva var. coxii (A.B.Jacks.) Melville; Kew Bull. 13: 533 (1959)

= Juniperus recurva var. densa Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif. 27 (1855)

= Juniperus recurva var. tenuifolia Spach; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 2, 16: 292 (1841)

= Juniperus recurva var. uncinata R.P.Adams; Phytologia 91(3): 365 (2009)

= Juniperus religiosa Royle; Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. [Royle] 351 ex Carrière (1839)

= Juniperus repanda Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 1: 27 (1855)

= Juniperus rigida Wall. ex Endl.; Syn. Conif. 19 (1847)

= Juniperus squamosa Buch.-Ham.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 6043 (1831)

= Juniperus uncinata (R.P.Adams) R.P.Adams; Phytologia 94(3): 399 (2012)

= Juniperus uvifera Loudon; Encycl. Trees Shrubs 1088 (1842)

= Sabina coxii (A.B.Jacks.) Y.Yang & K.S.Mao; Pl. Diversity 44(4): 347 (2022)

= Sabina recurva (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. 67, t. 88 (1857)

= Sabina recurva var. coxii (A.B.Jacks.) W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 7: 352 (1978)

= Sabinella recurva (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) Nakai; Tyosen Sanrin Kaiho, No. 165 (Indig. Spec. Conif. & Taxads Korea & Manchur. III.) 14 (1938)

species :

Juniperus rigida Siebold & Zucc.; Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 4(3): (1846)

subspecies :

subsp. rigida

Name: Needle juniper

Distribution: Russian Far East (Primorye); China (Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi); North Korea; South Korea (incl. Cheju Isl.); Japan

31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus communis Thunb.; Fl. Jap. [Thunberg] 264 (1784) (non L.)

= Juniperus coreana var. rigida (Siebold & Zucc.) Nakai; Bull. Forest. Soc. Korea 158: 22 (1938)

= Juniperus coreana Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 40: 161 (1926)

= Juniperus rigida var. coreana (Nakai) M.Kim; Korean Endemic Pl., ed. 3: 50 (2017)

= Juniperus rigida f. longicarpa Uyeki; Corean Timber Trees 1: 143 (1926)

= Juniperus rigida f. modesta (Nakai) Y.C.Chu; Pl. Medic. Chinae Bor.-orient. 59 (1989)

= Juniperus rigida var. coreana (Nakai) T.B.Lee; Ill. Woody Pl. Korea 238 (1966)

= Juniperus rigida var. modesta Nakai; Bull. Forest. Soc. Korea 19: 26 (1935)

= Juniperus utilis Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 44: 99 (1930)

subspecies :

subsp. conferta (Parl.) Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 26(1-2): 9 (1974)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Sakhalin); North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu)

31 RFE 38 JAP KOR NKO

Conservation Status: Rare, local and protected

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus conferta Parl.; Index Sem. (Florence) 1 (1863)

= Juniperus conferta var. maritima E.H.Wilson ex Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 36(425): 105 (1922)

= Juniperus conferta var. pseudorigida Makino; Ill. Fl. Japan 896 (1940)

= Juniperus litoralis Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg 12: 230 (1868)

= Juniperus rigida subsp. conferta (Parl.) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 13(1): 15 (2006), isonym

= Juniperus rigida subsp. litoralis Urusov; Byull. Glavn. Bot. Sada 122: 56 (1981)

= Juniperus rigida subsp. pseudorigida (Makino) Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 26(1-2): 9 (1974)

= Juniperus rigida var. conferta (Parl.) Patschke; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 678 (1913)

= Juniperus rigida var. litoralis (Urusov) Kozhevnikova; Fl. Ross. Dal´nego Vostoka 42 (2006)

species :

Juniperus rushforthiana (R.P.Adams) R.P.Adams; Phytologia 94(3): 401 (2012)

Distribution: Bhutan

40 BHU

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus indica var. rushforthiana R.P.Adams; Phytologia 90(2): 244 (2008)

species :

Juniperus sabina L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 1039 (1753)

Name: Sadebaum, Stink-Wacholder (DE), Savin (EN)

Distribution: Germany (Bayern, Hessen [I], Schleswig-Holstein [I]); Switzerland; ?Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Slovakia; Hungary; Spain; France; Italy; Pantelleria; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Romania; Bulgaria; N-Greece (rare in mainland mountains); European Russia (E-European Russia); Crimea; ?Morocco; Algeria; Siberia (Altai, Tuva, W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (Anatolia); Iran; China (Gansu, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, NE-Qinghai, N-Shaanxi, N-Sichuan, Xinjiang); Mongolia; Canada [I] (Ontario [I])

11 AUT GER HUN POL SLO SWI 12 FRA SPA 13 BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA PTL ROM SLV SRB 14 KRY RUS 20 ALG 30 SIB 32 KAZ KGZ TZK 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR 36 CHI 37 MON 72 cdn

Remarks: inclusion of J. davurica highly disputed

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus alpina Lodd.; Cat. Pl. [Loddiges] 48 (1836)

= Juniperus chinensis Endl.; Syn. Conif. 22 (1847)

= Juniperus excelsa Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4(2): 852 (1806)

= Juniperus foetida var. davurica (Pall.) Spach; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 2, 16: 296 (1841)

= Juniperus hudsonica J.Forbes; Pinet. Woburn. 208 (1839)

= Juniperus humilis Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 397 (1796)

= Juniperus lusitanica Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 11 (1768)

= Juniperus lycia Pall.; Fl. Ross. [Pallas] 2: 14, t. 56 (1815 publ. 1831)

= Juniperus sabina subsp. tamariscifolia (Aiton) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 12: 21 (1982)

= Juniperus sabina var. alpina J.Forbes; Pinet. Woburn. 206 (1839)

= Juniperus sabina var. arborea Mutel; Fl. Dauphiné 2: 405 (1830)

= Juniperus sabina var. cupressifolia Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 1: 414 (1789)

= Juniperus sabina var. lusitanica (Mill.) C.K.Schneid.; Uns. Freil.-Nadelhölzer 206 (1913)

= Juniperus sabina var. macrocarpa St.-Lag.; Étude Fl. [A.Cariot], éd. 8, 2: 762 (1889)

= Juniperus sabina var. monosperma C.Y.Yang; Fl. Xinjiangensis 1: 305 (1992 publ. 1993)

= Juniperus sabina var. pungens Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 6: 299 (1830)

= Juniperus sabina var. tamariscifolia Burgsd.; Anl. Erzieh. Holzart. 2: 124 (1787), nom. inval. ex Aiton, Hort. Kew. [W. Aiton] 414 (1789)

= Juniperus sabina var. taurica Pall.; Fl. Ross. [Pallas] 2: 15 (1789)

= Juniperus sabina var. variegata Weston; Engl. Fl. [Weston] 19 (1775)

= Juniperus sabina var. yulinensis (T.C.Chang & C.G.Chen) Y.F.Yu & L.K.Fu; Novon 7: 444 (1998)

= Juniperus tamariscifolia K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(2): 125 (1873)

= Juniperus taurica (Pall.) Lipsky (non Lindl.); (1912)

= Sabina cupressifolia Antoine ex K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(2): 125 (1873)

= Sabina officinalis Garcke; Fl. N. Mitt.-Deutschland, ed. 4, 387 (1858)

= Sabina prostrata Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. 57, t. 79 (1857)

= Sabina tamariscifolia K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(2): 125 (1873)

= Sabina vulgaris Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. 58, t. 80 (1857)

= Sabina vulgaris var. yulinensis T.C.Chang & C.G.Chen; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19(2): 263 (1981)

variant :

var. arenaria (E.H.Wilson) Farjon; Monogr. Cupressaceae Sciadopitys 73 (2001)

Distribution: China (Gansu, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi); Mongolia

36 CHI 37 MON

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus arenaria (Wilson in Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Florin; Acta Horti Berg. 14: 353 (1948), cum descr. ampl.

= Juniperus chinensis var. arenaria Wilson in Rehder & E.H.Wilson; (1928)

= Juniperus davurica var. arenaria (E.H.Wilson) R.P.Adams; Phytologia 94(3): 360 (2012)

= Juniperus davurica var. mongolensis (R.P.Adams) R.P.Adams; Phytologia 94(3): 360 (2012)

= Juniperus sabina subsp. arenaria (E.H.Wilson) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 13(1): 15 (2006), isonym

= Juniperus sabina var. mongolensis R.P.Adams; Phytologia 88(2): 182 (2006)

variant :

var. balkanensis R.P.Adams & Tashev; Phytologia 98(2): 108, figs. 1-9 (2016)

Distribution: Greece

13 GRC

variant :

var. davurica (Pall.) Farjon; World Checkl. & Bibliogr. Conifers ed. 2, 73 (2001)

Distribution: Siberia (Chita); Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Primorye); China (Heilongjiang); N-Mongolia; North Korea

30 SIB 31 RFE 36 CHI 37 MON 38 NKO

Synonyms: hidden

= Sabina davurica Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. 56, t. 77 (1857)

= Juniperus davurica var. oblonga Pshenn.; Byull. Glavn. Bot. Sada 181: 115 (2001 publ. 2000), nom. inval.

= Juniperus davurica Pall.; Fl. Ross. [Pallas] 1(2): 13, t. 55 (1789)

= Juniperus davurica subsp. argunensis Galanin; Fl. Daurii 1: 70 (2008)

= Juniperus davurica var. maritima (Urusov) Kozhevnikova; Fl. Ross. Dal´nego Vostoka 42 (2006)

= Juniperus davurica subsp. maritima Urusov; Byull. Glavn. Bot. Sada 122: 55 (1981)

species :

Juniperus saltillensis M.T.Hall; Fieldiana, Bot. 34(4): 45 (1971)

Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosi, Zacatecas)

79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus ashei var. saltillensis (Hall) Silba; Phytologia Mem. 7: 32 (1984)

= Sabina saltillensis (M.T.Hall) Y.Yang & K.S.Mao; Pl. Diversity 44(4): 348 (2022)

species :

Juniperus saltuaria Rehder & E.H.Wilson; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 2: 61 (1914)

Distribution: China (S-Gansu, SE-Qinghai, W-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); E-Tibet

36 CHI TIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Sabina saltuaria (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) W.C.Cheng & W.T.Wang; Trees China [W.J.Zheng et al.] 1: 257 (1961)

species :

Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.; Gard. & Forest 10: 420, 1. 54 (1897), obs., Sarg. Silva N. Am. 14: 93 (1902)

Name: Rocky Mountain juniper

Distribution: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Saskatchewan); USA (Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Mexico, Nevada, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington State, Wyoming); Mexico (Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila)

71 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus maritima R.P.Adams; Phytologia 89(3): 278 (2007) (fide Farjon 2017)

= Juniperus scopulorum var. argentea D.Hill ex Rehder; Cult. Evergreens [Bailey] 206 (1923)

= Juniperus scopulorum var. columnaris Fassett; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 72: 482 (1945)

= Juniperus scopulorum var. repens Hornibr.; Dwarf Conifers ed. 2: 126 (1939)

= Juniperus scopulorum var. viridifolia D.Hill ex Rehder; Cult. Evergreens [Bailey] 206 (1923)

= Juniperus virginiana subsp. scopulorum (Lemm.) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 13: 8 (1983)

= Juniperus virginiana var. montana Vasey; Dept. Agric. Bot. Div. Bull. 1875: 47 (1876)

= Juniperus virginiana var. scopulorum (Sarg.) Lemmon; Cone-bear. Trees Pacif. Slope, ed. 4: 114 (1900)

= Sabina maritima (R.P.Adams) Y.Yang & K.S.Mao; Pl. Diversity 44(4): 348 (2022)

= Sabina scopulorum (Sarg.) Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 598 (1905)

species :

Juniperus semiglobosa Regel; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 6: 487 (1879)

Name: Pencil Cedar

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Badakshan, Wakhan, Baghlan, Kunar / Nuristan, Takhar); China (Xinjiang: Kunlun Shan); W-Tibet; Pakistan; NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir, etc.)

32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 34 AFG 36 CHI TIB 40 IND PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus drobovii Sumn.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Inst. Bot. Zool. Akad. Nauk Uzbeksk. S.S.R. 10: 22 (1948)

= Juniperus jarkendensis Kom.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 4: 181 (1923)

= Juniperus sabina var. jarkendensis (Kom.) Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 33 (1990)

= Juniperus schugnanica Kom.; Bot. Zhurn. S.S.S.R. 17: 482 (1932), Fl. URSS 1: 190 (1934)

= Juniperus semiglobosa subsp. talassica (Lipsky) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 13(1): 15 (2006)

= Juniperus semiglobosa var. drobovii (Sumnev.) Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 33 (1990)

= Juniperus semiglobosa var. jarkendensis (Kom.) R.P.Adams; Phytologia 94(3): 354 (2012)

= Juniperus semiglobosa var. talassica (Lipsky) Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 34 (1990)

= Juniperus tianshanica Sumn.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Inst. Bot. Zool. Akad. Nauk Uzbeksk. S.S.R. 10: 24 (1948)

= Juniperus ×talassica Lipsky; Trudy Lyes. Opit. Dyelu Ross. 30: 33 (1911), nomen

= Sabina jarkendensis (Kom.) Y.Yang & K.S.Mao; Pl. Diversity 44(4): 348 (2022)

= Sabina semiglobosa (Regel) L.K.Fu & Y.F.Yu; Higher Pl. China 3: 88 (2000)

= Sabina vulgaris var. jarkendensis (Kom.) C.Y.Yang; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 7: 360 (1978)

species :

Juniperus squamata Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don; Descr. Pinus [Lambert], ed. 1, 2: 17 (1824)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Kunar / Nuristan); China (S-Anhui, W-Fujian, S-Gansu, E-Guizhou, SW-Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet; Taiwan; Pakistan; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim, etc.); N-Myanmar

34 AFG 36 CHI TIB 38 TAI 40 BHU IND NEP PAK 41 MYA

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus baimashanensis L.K.Fu & Y.F.Yu; Novon 7: 443 (1998)

= Juniperus fargesii Kom.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 5: 30 (1924)

= Juniperus kansuensis Komarov; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 5: 31 (1924)

= Juniperus lemeeana H.Lév. & Blin; Fl. Kouy-Tcheou 111 (1914-15)

= Juniperus morrisonicola Hayata; Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 43: 194, et in J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 38: 298 (1908)

= Juniperus pingii subsp. baimashanensis (Y.F.Yu & L.K.Fu) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 13(1): 13 (2006)

= Juniperus recurva Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don var.squamata (D.Don) Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2): 482 (1868)

= Juniperus squamata subsp. fargesii (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 13(1): 16 (2006)

= Juniperus squamata var. albovariegata L.H.Bailey; Hortus Second [Bailey] 400 (1941)

= Juniperus squamata var. fargesii Rehder & E.H.Wilson; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 2: 59 (1914)

= Juniperus squamata var. hongxiensis Y.F.Yu & L.K.Fu; Novon 7: 444 (1998)

= Juniperus squamata var. morrisonicola (Hayata) H.L.Li & H.Keng; Taiwania 5: 81 (1954)

= Juniperus squamata var. morrisonicola (Hayata) H.L.Li & H.S.Keng; (1954)

= Juniperus squamata var. parviflora Y.F.Yu & L.K.Fu; Novon 7: 444 (1998)

= Juniperus squamata var. prostrata Hornibr.; Dwarf Conifers 77 (1923)

= Sabina morrisonicola (Hayata) Y.Yang & K.S.Mao; Pl. Diversity 44(4): 348 (2022)

= Sabina squamata Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. 66, t. 89 (1857)

= Sabina squamata var. fargesii (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) L.K.Fu & Y.F.Yu; Higher Pl. China 3: 86 (2000)

= Sabinella morrisonicola (Hayata) Nakai; Tyosen Sanrin Kaiho, No. 165 (Indig. Spec. Conif. & Taxads Korea & Manchur. III.) 14 (1938)

species :

Juniperus standleyi Steyerm.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 3 (1943)

Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas); Guatemala

79 MEX 80 GUA

Conservation Status: IUCN I

Synonyms: hidden

= Sabina standleyi (Steyerm.) Y.Yang & K.S.Mao; Pl. Diversity 44(4): 349 (2022)

species :

Juniperus tairukouensis S.S.Ying; New Taxa New Names 3: 1 (2022)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Juniperus taxifolia Hook. & Arn.; Bot. Beechey Voy. 271 (1838)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu: Izu peninsula, Bozo peninsula); Ryukyu Isl. (Okinawa group, Amami group); Bonin Isl. (Keetaajima, Chichijima, Anijima, Otohtojima, Mukohjima, Anejima)

38 JAP NNS OGA

Conservation Status: IUCN I

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus lutchuensis Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 32: 138 (1918)

= Juniperus lutchuensis var. maritima Iwata & Kusaka; Conif. Jap. Ill., emend. ed. 2: 195 (1954)

= Juniperus rigida Gordon; Pinetum 99 (1858)

= Juniperus triangularis Mast.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26: 543 (1890)

species :

Juniperus thurifera L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 1039 (1753)

Name: Genèvrier thurifère (F), Weihrauch-Wacholder (DE), Cedro de Espana (ES), Incense juniper (EN)

Distribution: Spain; Mozambique [I]

12 SPA 26 moz

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus hispanica Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 13 (1768)

= Sabina pseudothurifera Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. 60, t. 82 (1857)

= Sabina thurifera (L.) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. 51 (1857)

= Juniperus bonatiana Vis.; Mem. Reale Ist. Veneto Sci. 6: 245 (1856)

= Juniperus cinerea Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 35 (1867)

= Juniperus sabinoides Endl.; Syn. Conif. 24 (1847)

variant :

var. africana Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 17: 125 (1926)

Name: Afrikanischer Wacholder

Distribution: Morocco; Algeria

20 ALG MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus africana (Maire) Huguet; Types Sol Afr. Nord 1: 91 (1947)

= Juniperus thurifera subsp. africana (Maire) Romo & Borat.; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 44(1): 73 (2007), isonym

= Juniperus thurifera subsp. africana (Maire) Gauquelin, Idr.Hass. & P.Lebreton; Ecol. Medit. 14(3-4): 39, 42 (1988)

variant :

var. aurasiaca Véla & P.Schäf.; Ecol. Medit. 39(1): 77 (2013)

Distribution: Algeria

20 ALG

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus thurifera subsp. aurasiaca (Véla & P.Schäf.) Véla; Invent. Biodivers. Conservation Hotspot Bassin Médit. 20 (2018)

variant :

var. gallica Coincy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 45(6-8): 430 (1899)

Distribution: S-France (Alpes Maritimes); Corsica

12 COR FRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus thurifera subsp. gallica (De Loiney) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 12: 21 (1982)

= Juniperus gallica (De Loiney) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 14: 374 (1913)

species :

Juniperus tibetica Kom.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 5: 27 (1924)

Name: Tibetan juniper

Distribution: China (S-Gansu, S-Qinghai, Sichuan); E-Tibet; S-Tibet

36 CHI TIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus distans Florin; Acta Horti Gothob. 3: 6 (1927)

= Juniperus potanini Kom.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 5: 28 (1924)

= Juniperus zaidamensis Kom.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 5: 29 (1924)

species :

Juniperus virginiana L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 1039 (1753)

Name: Eastern redcedar

Distribution: Germany [I]; Slovakia [I]; Hungary [I]; France [I]; Italy [I]; Serbia; Kosovo [c]; Romania [I]; European Russia [I]; Mozambique [I]; South Africa [I]; Uzbekistan [I]; China [I]; South Korea [c]; Taiwan [I]; India [I]; Canada (Ontario, Québec); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Vermont, Wisconsin, West Virginia)

11 ger hun slo 12 fra 13 ita kos rom SRB 14 rus 26 moz 27 saf 32 uzb 36 chi 38 kor tai 40 ind 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus alba Knight ex Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 1: 58 (1855)

= Juniperus andina Nutt.; N. Amer. Sylv. [Nuttall] 3: 95, t. 110 (1849)

= Juniperus arborescens Moench; Methodus [Moench] 699 (1794), nom. illeg.

= Juniperus argentea Gordon; Pinetum 113 (1858)

= Juniperus bedfordiana Loudon; Encycl. Trees 1090

= Juniperus cannartii K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(2): 140 (1873)

= Juniperus caroliana Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 4 (1768)

= Juniperus caroliniana Du Roi; Harbk. Baumz. ed. 2, 1: 497 (1795)

= Juniperus chamberlaynii Carrière; Man. Gén. Pl. [Jacques & Hérincq] 4: 313 (1865)

= Juniperus cinerascens K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(2): 141 (1873)

= Juniperus dioica Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 45 (1867)

= Juniperus fragrans Knight; Syn. Conif. 13, Salisb. Prod. 397 (1847)

= Juniperus freneloides Lavallée; Icon. Sel. Arb. 291 (1877)

= Juniperus glauca Willd.; Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. Suppl. [Willdenow] 67 (1814), nomen

= Juniperus gossainthanea Ravenscr.; List Pl. Fir Tribe [Lawson et al.] No. 10: 77 (1851), Lists Seeds, Pl., etc. 279 (1851)

= Juniperus gossainthanea Lodd. ex Lindl. & Gordon; J. Hort. Soc. London 5: 202 (1850)

= Juniperus hermannii Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 632 (1807)

= Juniperus nutans Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. 125 (1891)

= Juniperus polymorpha Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. 125 (1891)

= Juniperus schottii Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 36 (1862)

= Juniperus smithipendula Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. 125 (1891)

= Juniperus tripartita Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. 126 (1891)

= Juniperus tripartita Lavallée; Icon. Sel. Arb. 291 (1877)

= Juniperus virginiana subsp. crebra (Fernald & Griscom) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 12: 21 (1982)

= Juniperus virginiana subsp. scopulorum (Lemmon) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 13: 8 (1983)

= Juniperus virginiana var. barbadensis (L.) Gordon & Glend.; Pinetum 114 (1858)

= Juniperus virginiana var. bermudiana (L.) Vasey; Special Rep. Dept. Agric. (Washington, D.C.) 1875: 185 (1876)

= Juniperus virginiana var. canaertii Sénécl.; Conifer. Monogr. 99 (1868)

= Juniperus virginiana var. chamberlaynii Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif. 46 (1855)

= Juniperus virginiana var. crebra Fernald & Griscom; Rhodora 37: 133, tab. 333 (1935)

= Juniperus virginiana var. elegans J.Lee & S.Lee; Garden (London, 1871-1927) 8: 77 (1875)

= Juniperus virginiana var. elegantissima W.Hochst.; Coniferen (Stuttgart) 92 (1882)

= Juniperus virginiana var. freneloides Lavallée; Énum. Arbres 291 (1877)

= Juniperus virginiana var. glauca Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif. 45 (1855)

= Juniperus virginiana var. hermannii Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 632 (1807)

= Juniperus virginiana var. kosteri Beissn.; Ziergehölze Gärt. Parkanl. ed. 2: 466 (1884)

= Juniperus virginiana var. nana C.K.Schneid.; Uns. Freil.-Nadelhölzer 204 (1913)

= Juniperus virginiana var. pendula C.Lawson; List Pl. Fir Tribe [Lawson et al.] 77 (1852)

= Juniperus virginiana var. pendula-viridis Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 36 (1862)

= Juniperus virginiana var. plumosa-argentea Beissn.; Ziergehölze Gärt. Parkanl. ed. 2: 467 (1884)

= Juniperus virginiana var. pyramidalis Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 47 (1867)

= Juniperus virginiana var. schottii (de Vos) Gordon; Pinetum, ed. 2: 157 (1875)

= Juniperus virginiana var. scopulorum Lemmon

= Juniperus virginiana var. tripartita (de Vos) Lavallée; Énum. Arbres 291 (1877)

= Juniperus virginiana var. variegata Loudon ex C.Lawson; List Pl. Fir Tribe [Lawson et al.] 77 (1851)

= Sabina alba Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. 70 (1857)

= Sabina fragrans (Knight) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. 70 (1857)

= Sabina glauca Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. 71 (1857)

= Sabina gossainthanea Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. 69 (1857)

= Sabina virginiana (L.) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. 61. II. 83, 84 (1857)

= Sabina virginiana (L.) Asch.; Fl. Brandenburg 1(2): 885 (1864)

variant :

var. australis Endl.; Syn. Conif. 28 (1847)

Name: Southern redcedar

Distribution: USA (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina)

78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus australis Endl.; Syn. Conif. 26 (1847)

= Juniperus australis Pilg.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 7: 479 (1913)

= Juniperus barbadensis subsp. australis (Endl.) J.L.Gómez & García-Beltrán; Cat. Plantas de Cuba 370 (2024)

= Juniperus silicicola (Small) L.H.Bailey; Cult. Conif. N. Amer. 18, adnot., 197, obs. (1933)

= Juniperus virginiana subsp. silicicola (Small) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 13: 8 (1983)

= Juniperus virginiana var. silicicola (Small) Silba; Phytologia Mem. 7: 37 (1984)

= Sabina silicicola Small; J. New York Bot. Gard. 24: 5, adnot. (1923)

= Sabina virginiana var. australis (Endl.) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. 62 (1857)

species :

Juniperus zanonii R.P.Adams; Phytologia 92(1): 112 (2010)

Distribution: Mexico (Nuevo León)

79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Sabina zanonii (R.P.Adams) Y.Yang & K.S.Mao; Pl. Diversity 44(4): 349 (2022)

species :

Juniperus ×cerropastorensis J.M.Aparicio & Uribe-Ech.; Toll Negre 11: 7 (2009)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Juniperus sabina x thurifera

species :

Juniperus ×fassettii Boivin; Naturaliste Canad. 93: 272 (1966)

Name: Fassett´s juniper

Distribution: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia)

71 CDN

Remarks: Juniperus horizontalis x Juniperus scopulorum

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus scopulorum var. patens Fassett; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 72: 46 (1945)

species :

Juniperus ×herragudensis J.M.Aparicio & Uribe-Ech.; Mainhardt 60: 84 (2008)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

species :

Juniperus ×kanitzii Csató; Magyar Növényt. Lapok 10: 145 (1886)

Distribution: Austria

11 AUT

species :

Juniperus ×media V.D.Dmitriev; Trudy Sektora Agrolesomelior. Lesn. Khoz. Komiteta Nauk Uzbeksk. S.S.R. 4: 31 (1938)

Distribution: Kazakhstan

32 KAZ

Remarks: Juniperus semiglobosa Regel x Juniperus turkestanica Kom.

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus intermedia Drobow; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Uzbekistansk. Fil. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 7: 6 (1941) non Schur (1851)

= Juniperus kokbulakensis Dmitrieva

species :

Juniperus ×palanciana J.M.Aparicio & Uribe-Ech.; Toll Negre 8: 6 (2006)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
**in total 1,416,144* names**

[about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus*" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life

Contact

How to Cite:

Realization

Search

+ Family

Filter

Order

Family (6)

Genus (32)

Display options

A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,in total 1,416,144* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
**in total 1,416,144* names**

[about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus*" are deliberately omitted]