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282.0000 Family Malvaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 271 (1789), nom. cons.
249 genera, ca. 5400 spp.
Species listed in database: 5511; hybrids: 40
= Berryaceae Doweld; Tent. Syst. Pl. Vasc.: xxxvii (2001), Family
= Bombacaceae Kunth; Malvac., Büttner., Tiliac. 5 (1822), nom. cons.
= Brownlowiaceae Cheek; Kew Bull. 61: 443 (2006)
= Byttneriaceae R.Br.; Voy. Terra Austral. 2: 540 (1814), nom. cons.
= Chiranthodendraceae A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22: 303 (1887)
= Dombeyaceae Desf.; Tabl. Ecole Bot., ed. 3: 252 (1829), nom. cons.
= Durionaceae Cheek; Kew Bull. 61: 443 (2006)
= Grewiaceae Doweld & Reveal; Bot. Rev. (Lancaster) 71: 100 (2005)
= Helicteraceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 264 (1858), Family
= Hermanniaceae Marquis; Esq. Règne Vég. 52 (1820)
= Hibiscaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 275 (1858)
= Lasiopetalaceae Rchb.; Mag. Aesth. Bot. 1(2): ad t. 37 (1823)
= Mansoniaceae A.Chev.; Just´s Bot. Jahresber. 38(1): 852 (1913)
= Melochiaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 271 (1858)
= Pentapetaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 222 (1820)
= Philippodendraceae A.Juss.; Dict. Univ. Hist. Nat. 9: 735 (1847)
= Plagianthaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 272 (1858)
= Sidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 222 (1820)
= Sparrmanniaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 260 (1858)
= Sterculiaceae Vent.; Parad. Lond. 2: ad t. 69 (1807), nom. cons.
= Theobromataceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 264 (1858)
= Tiliaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 289 (1789), nom. cons.
282.9602 Genus Hibiscus L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 693 (1753)
Distribution: warm-temp., subtrop., and tropical regions. Several genera might be spun off.
Species listed in database: 408; hybrids: 4
= Bamia (L.) R.Br. ex Wall.; Pl. Asiat. Rar. [Wallich] 1: 39 (1830)
= Bombix Medik.; Malvenfam. 44 (1787)
= Bombycella Lindl.; Veg. Kingd. 370 (1847)
= Bombyx Moench; Methodus [Moench] 616 (1794)
= Brockmania W.Fitzg.; J. Roy. Soc. Western Australia 3: 174 (1918)
= Bupariti Duhamel; Semia Plantat. Arbr., Add. 5 (1760)
= Canhamo Perini; Prosp. Expl. Notice Cult. Canh. Braz. 1 (1905)
= Erebennus Alef.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 13: 14 (1863)
= Furcaria (DC.) Kostel.; Allg. Med.-Pharm. Fl. 5: 1856 (1836)
= Gourmania A.Chev.; Mém. Soc. Bot. France 8: 263 (1917)
= Helicteropsis Hochr.; Candollea 2: 156 (1925)
= Humbertianthus Hochr.; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. 2, 20: 474 (1948)
= Ketmia Mill.; Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4 (1754)
= Laguna Cav.; Diss. 2, Secunda Diss. Bot.: App. 2 (1786) 3: 175, 1. 71, fig. 1 (1787)
= Macrostelia Hochr.; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 14: 230 (1953)
= Marconia Mattei; Revista Umbria Medica 2(14): 214 (1921)
= Montezuma Moc. & Sessé ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 477 (1824)
= Muenchhusia Heist. ex Fabr.; Enum. [Fabricius], ed. 2: 278 (1763)
= Pariti Adans.; Fam. Pl. [Adanson] 2: 401 (1763)
= Petitia Neck.; Elem. Bot. [Necker] 2: 407 (1790), opus utique oppr.
= Polychlaena Garcke; Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. [Schweinfurth] 56 (1867)
= Solandra Murray; Commentat. Soc. Regiae Sci. Gott. 6: 20, t. 1 (1783-1784 publ. 1785)
= Symphyochlamys Gürke; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 33: 379 (1903)
= Triguera Cav.; Diss. 3, Tertia Diss. Bot.: 1, Diss. Bot. Sida: 41 (1785), nom. rej.
= Trionaea Medik.; Malvenfam. 45 (1787)
= Triplochiton Alef.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 12: 13 (1863), nom. rej.
= Wilhelminia Hochr.; Nova Guinea 14: 160 (1924)

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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World


Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
in total 1,416,144* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]


With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life