308.0000
Family
Celastraceae R.Br.; M. Flinders, Voy. Terra Austral. 2: 554 (1814), nom. cons.
ca. 100 genera, ca. 1280 spp. Phylogeny: Simmons et al. 2023
Species listed in database: 1330
= Brexiaceae Loudon; Hort. Brit.: 524 (1830)
= Canotiaceae Airy Shaw; Kew Bull. 18: 255 (1965)
= Chingithamnaceae Hand.-Mazz.; Sinensia 2: 126 (1932)
= Euonymaceae Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 2(110): 438, 439 (1825)
= Hippocrateaceae Juss.; Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 18: 486 (1811), nom. cons.
= Lepuropetalaceae Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku (Ord. Fam. Trib. Nov.): 243 (1943)
= Parnassiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 456 (1820), nom. cons., Family
= Plagiopteraceae Airy Shaw; Kew Bull. 18: 266 (1965)
= Pottingeriaceae Takht.; Sist. Magnoliof. (Syst. Magnolioph.): 212 (1987), Family
= Salaciaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 101 (1838)
= Siphonodontaceae Gagnep. & Tardieu; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 14: 102 (1951), nom. cons.
= Stackhousiaceae R.Br.; M. Flinders, Voy. Terra Austral. 2: 555 (1814), nom. cons.
308.6522
Genus
Gymnosporia (Wight & Arn.) Hook.f.; Gen. 1: 365 (1862)
Distribution: Tropical and subtropical Old World. Separation from Maytenus fide Simmons (2004).
Species listed in database: 128
= Encentrus C.Presl; Bot. Bemerk. 33 (1844), in Abh. Boehm. Ges. V. 3: 463 (1845)
= Polyacanthus C.Presl; Bot. Bemerk. 33 (1844), in Abh. Boehm. Ges. V. 3: 463 (1845)
= Schinzia Dennst.; Schlüssel Hortus Malab.: 31 (1818)
= Semarilla Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 146 (1838)
species :
Gymnosporia acuminata
(L.f.) Szyszyl.; Pl. Rehmann. 2: 32 (1888)
Name: Silky Bark
Distribution: Gabon; E-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; Kenya; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; Eswatini [Swaziland]; Bangladesh [I]
23 BUR GAB RWA ZAI 25 KEN TAN 26 MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 LES SAF SWZ 40 ban
Synonyms: hidden
= Catha acuminata (L.f.) C.Presl; Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5, 3: 463 (1845)
= Catha rupestris (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C.Presl; Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5, 3: 463 (1845)
= Celastrus acuminatus L. f. [Suppl.Pl.154 (1782)]
= Celastrus acuminatus var. microphyllus Sond.
= Celastrus microphyllus Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. 119 (1835)
= Celastrus mucronatus Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. 119 (1835)
= Celastrus plectronia DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 2: 9 (1825)
= Celastrus populifolius Lam.; Tabl. Encyc. 2: 94 (1797)
= Celastrus rupestris Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. 119 (1835)
= Gymnosporia acuminata var. lepidota (Loes.) Loes.
= Gymnosporia amaniensis Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 41: 305 (1908)
= Gymnosporia bukobina Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 41: 305 (1908)
= Gymnosporia lepidota Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 17: 549 (1893)
= Gymnosporia lepidota var. kilimandscharica Loes.
= Gymnosporia lepidota var. ruwenzoriensis Loes.
= Gymnosporia meruensis Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 17(5): 549 (1893)
= Gymnosporia populifolia (Lam.) Dümmer; Gard. Chron.,, ser. 3, 54: 248 (1913)
= Maytenus acuminata (L.f.) Loes.; Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 20b: 138 (1942)
= Maytenus amaniensis (Loes.) Loes.; Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 20b: 138 (1942)
= Maytenus bukobina (Loes.) Loes.; Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 20b: 138 (1942)
= Maytenus lepidota (Loes.) Robyns & Lawalrée; Robyns, Fl. Spermatophyt. Parc Nat. Albert 1: 496 (1948)
= Maytenus lepidota var. kilimandscharica (Loes.) Robyns & Lawalrée
= Maytenus meruensis (Loes.) Loes.; Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 20b: 137 (1942)
= Maytenus rhodesica Exell; Kew Bull. 1953: 103 (1953)
species :
Gymnosporia addat
Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 41: 302 (1908)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
Synonyms: hidden
= Maytenus addat (Loes.) Sebsebe; Nordic J. Bot. 4(4): 465 (1984)
species :
Gymnosporia alaternifolia
Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. 17: 550 (1893)
Distribution: Comores
29 COM
Synonyms: hidden
= Maytenus alaternifolia (Tul.) H.Perrier; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 10: 189 (1942)
= Catha alaternifolia Tul.; Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. IV. 8: 98 (1857)
species :
Gymnosporia albata
(N.E.Br.) Sim; For. Fl. Cape Col. 186 (1907)
Distribution: South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho
27 LES SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Maytenus albata (N.E.Br.) E.Schmidt bis & Jordaan; Trees & Shrubs Mpumalanga & Krüger Nation. Park 676 (2002)
= Celastrus albatus N.E.Br.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1906, 16 (1906)
species :
Gymnosporia annobonensis
Loes. & Mildbr.; Wiss. Ergebn. Deutsch. Zentr.-Afr.-Exped. 1910-11 2: 162 (1922), nomen, et Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 30 (1934)
Distribution: Annobon Isl.
23 ANN
Synonyms: hidden
= Maytenus annobonensis (Loes. & Mildbr.) Exell; Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Bot. 3: 97 (1963)
species :
Gymnosporia arbutifolia
(Hochst. ex.A.Rich.) Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. 17: 547 (1893)
subspecies :
subsp. arbutifolia
Distribution: E-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Uganda; Kenya; Saudi Arabia (Asir); Yemen (W-Yemen, Aden Desert)
23 ZAI 24 ERI ETH 25 KEN UGA 35 SAU YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Celastrus arbutifolius Hochst. ex A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 133 (1847)
= Celastrus arbutifolius var. major A.Rich.
= Celastrus atkaio A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 132 (1847)
= Gymnosporia atkaio (A.Rich.) Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. 17: 547 (1893)
= Gymnosporia engleriana Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. 17: 547 (1893)
= Gymnosporia engleriana var. macrantha Loes.
= Maytenus arbutifolia (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) R.Wilczek; Fl. Congo Belge 9: 124 (1960)
= Maytenus engleriana (Loes.) Cufod.; Senck. Biol. 43: 289 (1962)
= Maytenus engleriana var. macrantha (Loes.) Cufod.
subspecies :
subsp. sidamoensis
(Sebsebe) Jordaan; Taxon 55(2): 521 (2006)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
Synonyms: hidden
= Maytenus arbutifolia var. sidamoensis Sebsebe; Symb. Bot. Upsal. 25(2): 63 (1985)
= Maytenus sidamoensis (Sebsebe) Abedin; Fl. Kingdom Saudi Arabia 2(1): 274 (2001)
species :
Gymnosporia arenicola
Jordaan; J. South Afr. Bot., 65(5-6): 315 (1999)
Distribution: Mozambique; South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal)
26 MOZ 27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Maytenus heterophylla subsp. arenaria N.Robson
species :
Gymnosporia austroyunnanensis
(S.J.Pei & Y.H.Li) M.P.Simmons; Syst. Bot. 36(4): 929 (2012)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Maytenus austroyunnanensis S.J.Pei & Y.H.Li; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 3(2): 245 (1981)
= Maytenus diversicymosa S.J.Pei & Y.H.Li; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 3(2): 241 (1981)
= Maytenus pachycarpa S.J.Pei & Y.H.Li; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 3(2): 246 (1981)
= Maytenus shuangjianensis S.J.Pei & Y.H.Li; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 3(2): 241 (1981)
species :
Gymnosporia bachmannii
Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. 19: 232 (1894)
Name: Willow Koko Tree
Distribution: South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Maytenus bachmannii (Loes.) Marais; Bothalia 7: 384 (1960)
species :
Gymnosporia bailadillana
Narayan; Journ. Ind. Bot. Soc. 20: 191 (1941)
Distribution: India (Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Maytenus bailadillana (Narayan & Mooney) D.C.S.Raju & Babu; Bull. Bot. Surv. Ind. 10: 348 (1969)
species :
Gymnosporia berberoides
W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 10: 38 (1917)
Distribution: China (Sichuan, Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Maytenus berberoides (W.W.Sm.) S.J.Pei & Y.H.Li; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 3(2): 239 (1981)
species :
Gymnosporia bonii
Pit.; Lecomte, Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 1: 888 (1912)
Distribution: N-Vietnam
41 VIE
species :
Gymnosporia brachystachya
Baker; J. Bot. 20: 49 (1882)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Remarks: insufficiently known
species :
Gymnosporia buchananii
Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 28: 153 (1900)
Distribution: Ivory Coast; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; Sudan; South Sudan; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Botswana
22 BEN IVO NGA 23 BUR CAF CMN CON GAB RWA ZAI 24 SSU SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT
Synonyms: hidden
= Maytenus buchananii (Loes.) R.Wilczek; Fl. Zairee & Ruanda-Urundi 9: 125 (1960)
= Maytenus edgari Exell & Mendonça; Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2, 26: 223 (1952)
= Celastrus littoralis A.Chev.; Expl. Bot. Afr. Occ. Franc. 1: 129 (1920), nomen
= Celastrus ndelleensis A.Chev.; Etudes Fl. Afr. Centr. Franc. 1: 57 (1913), nomen
= Gymnosporia filamentosa Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 17(5): 545 (1893) (type destroyed)
species :
Gymnosporia buxifolia
(L.) Szyszyl.; Pl. Rehmann. 2: 34 (1888)
Name: Common Spike-thorn
Distribution: E-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; ?Rwanda; ?Burundi; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Somalia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; Eswatini [Swaziland]
23 ZAI 24 ETH SOM SSU 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT LES NAM SAF SWZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Catha buxifolia (L.) G.Don; Gen. Hist. 2: 10 (1832)
= Catha buxifolia G.Don; Gen. Hist. 2: 10 (1832)
= Catha multiflora (Lam.) G.Don; Gen. Hist. 2: 10 (1832)
= Catha patens (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C.Presl; Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5, 3: 463 (1845)
= Catha spathyphylla (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C.Presl; Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5, 3: 463 (1845)
= Celastrus andongensis Oliv.; Fl. Trop. Afr. (Oliv. et al.) 1: 361 (1868)
= Celastrus buxifolius L.; Sp. Pl. 197 (1753) non Maytenus buxifolia Griseb.
= Celastrus cymosus Sol.; Bot. Mag. 46: t. 2070 (1819)
= Celastrus empleurifolius Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. 121 (1835)
= Celastrus goniocaulis Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. 120 (1835)
= Celastrus hispanicus DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 2: 8 (1825)
= Celastrus humilis Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. 120 (1835)
= Celastrus multiflorus Lam.; Encycl. 1: 661 (1785)
= Celastrus patens Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. 120 (1835)
= Celastrus polyanthemos Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. 121 (1835)
= Celastrus rhombifolius Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. 120 (1835)
= Celastrus schlechteri (Loes.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 37 (1898)
= Celastrus spathephyllus Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral.121 (1834-35)
= Evonymoides buxifolia (L.) Moench; Methodus (Moench) 70 (1794)
= Gymnosporia acanthophora Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 41: 299 (1908)
= Gymnosporia andongensis (Oliv.) Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 17: 541 (1893)
= Gymnosporia beniensis Robyns & Lawalrée; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 18: 269 (1947)
= Gymnosporia brevipetala Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. 17: 546 (1893)
= Gymnosporia condensata Sprague; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1906, 246 (1906)
= Gymnosporia nyassica Gilli; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 74: 443 (1970 publ. 1971) non Burtt Davy & Hutch.
= Gymnosporia rhombifolia (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Bolus & Wolley-Dod; Trans. S. African Philos. Soc. 14: 247 (1903)
= Gymnosporia schlechteri Loes.; Bull. Herb. Boissier 2: 193 (1894)
= Maytenus andongensis (Oliv.) Exell & Mendonça; Carrisso, Consp. Fl. Angol. 2: 3 (1954)
= Maytenus angolensis Exell & Mendonça; Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2, 26: 224 (1952)
= Maytenus brevipetala (Loes.) R.Wilczek; Fl. Zairee & Ruanda-Urundi 9: 118 (1960)
= Maytenus cymosa (Sol.) Exell; Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2, 26: 222 (1952), non Krug & Urb. 1904
species :
Gymnosporia capitata
(E.Mey. ex Sond.) Sim; For. Fl. Cape Col. 186 (1907)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Celastrus rigidus Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. 121 (1834-35)
= Celastrus capitatus E.Mey. ex Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 1: 458 (1860)
= Maytenus capitata (E.Mey. ex Sond.) Marais; Bothalia 7: 384(1960)
species :
Gymnosporia cassinoides
(L´Hér.) Masf.; Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 176 (1881)
Name: Kanaren-Maytenus (DE); Peralillo (ES)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma Isl.)
21 CNY
Synonyms: hidden
= Catha cassinoides (L´Hér.) Webb & Berthel.; Hist. Nat. Iles Canaries (Phytogr.). 3(pt. 2, sect. 2, livr. 67): 142 (1842)
= Celastrus cassinoides L´Hér.; Sert. Angl. 6. t. 10 (1789)
= Celastrus crassifolius Salisb.; Prod. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 141 (1796)
= Maytenus canariensis (Loes.) G.Kunkel & Sunding; Cuad. Bot. Canaria 13: 9 (1971)
= Maytenus dryandri var. canariensis Loes.; Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 20b: 140 (1942)
species :
Gymnosporia chasei
(N.Robson) comb.ined.
Distribution: E-Zimbabwe; Mozambique
26 MOZ ZIM
Synonyms: hidden
= Maytenus chasei N.Robson; Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2, 39: 26 (1965)
species :
Gymnosporia chevalieri
Tardieu; Suppl. Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine, ed. Humbert 1: 799 (1949), sine descr. lat., et in Notul. Syst. (Paris) 14: 44 (1950)
Distribution: Laos; Vietnam
41 LAO VIE
species :
Gymnosporia commiphoroides
H.Perrier; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 10: 181 (1942)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Gymnosporia confertiflora
(J.Y.Luo & X.X.Chen) M.P.Simmons; Syst. Bot. 36(4): 929 (2012)
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Maytenus confertiflorus J.Y.Luo & X.X.Chen; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19(2): 233 (1981)
species :
Gymnosporia cordata
(E.Mey. ex Sond.) Sim; For. Fl. Cape Col. 184 (1907)
Name: Water Silky Bark
Distribution: South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Celastrus cordatus E.Mey. ex Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 2: 454 (1862)
= Maytenus cordata (E.Mey. ex Sond.) Loes.; Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 20b: 138 (1942)
species :
Gymnosporia cortii
Pic.Serm.; Miss. Stud. Lago Tana 7: Ricerche Bot., Pt. 1, 209 (1951)
Distribution: +Ethiopia
24 ETH
Remarks: only known from 3 collections in 1937
Synonyms: hidden
= Maytenus cortii (Pic.Serm.) Cufod.; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 28: Suppl., 477 (1958), et Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belg. 39: Suppl. p. xxvii (1969)
species :
Gymnosporia crenata
(G.Forst.) Seem.; Fl. Vit. 41 (1865)
Distribution: Marquesas Isl. (Eiao, Nuku Hiva, Ua Huka, Ua Pou, Hiva Oa, Tahuata, Mohotani, Fatu Hiva)
61 MRQ
Synonyms: hidden
= Catha crenata (G.Forst.) A.Gray; U. S. Expl. Exped., Phan. 1: 288 (1845)
= Celastrus crenatus G.Forst.; Fl. Ins. Austr. 19 (1786)
= Celastrus crenatus G.Forst. ex F.Br.; Bull. Bishop Mus., Honolulu, No. 130, 158 (1935), descr. emend.
= Maytenus crenata (G.Forst.) Lobr.-Callen; Adansonia, sér. 2, 15(2): 223 (1975)
species :
Gymnosporia cryptopetala
Reyes-Bet. & A.Santos; Candollea 65(2): 190 (2010)
Name: Verstecktkronblättriges Maytenus (DE); Peralillo africano (ES)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura)
21 CNY
species :
Gymnosporia deflexa
Sprague; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1906: 246 (1906)
Distribution: South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Maytenus deflexa (Sprague) E.Schmidt bis & Jordaan; Trees & Shrubs Mpumalanga & Krüger Nation. Park 676 (2002)
species :
Gymnosporia devenishii
Jordaan; S. African. J. Bot. 66(1): 10 (2000)
Distribution: South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
species :
Gymnosporia dhofarensis
(Sebsebe) Jordaan; Taxon 55(2): 521 (2006)
Distribution: Oman
35 OMA
Synonyms: hidden
= Maytenus dhofarensis Sebsebe; Symb. Bot. Upsal. 25(2): 71 (1985)
species :
Gymnosporia divaricata
Baker; J. Bot. 20: 50 (1882)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Gymnosporia crataegina Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 20: 120 (1883)
= Gymnosporia cuneifolia Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 22: 460 (1887)
species :
Gymnosporia diversifolia
Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Petersb. 27: 459 (1881)
Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; E-Thailand; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia; Philippines (Luzon); Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali)
36 CHI 38 NNS TAI 41 THA VIE 42 LSI MLY PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Celastrus diversifolius (Maxim.) Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 23: 123 (1886)
= Gymnosporia crassifolia Pit.; Lecomte, Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 1: 887 (1912)
= Gymnosporia diversifolia var. inermis Z.H.Chen & G.Y.Li; J. Zhejiang Univ., Sci. Ed. 48(1): 95 (2021)
= Maytenus diversifolia (Maxim.) Ding Hou; Fl. Males., Ser. 1, 6: 242 (1963)
species :
Gymnosporia dongfangensis
(F.W.Xing & X.S.Qin) M.P.Simmons; Syst. Bot. 36(4): 929 (2012)
Distribution: China (Hainan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Maytenus dongfangensis F.W.Xing & X.S.Qin; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 158(3): 534 (2008)
species :
Gymnosporia drummondii
(N.Robson & Sebsebe) Jordaan; Kew Bull. 58(4): 861 (2004)
Distribution: Kenya; Tanzania
25 KEN TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Maytenus drummondii N.Robson & Sebsebe; Kew Bull. 42(2): 424 (1987)
species :
Gymnosporia dryandri
(Lowe) Masf.; Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 176 (1881)
Distribution: Madeira (Madeira Isl., Porto Santo Isl., Ilhas Desertas)
21 MDR
Synonyms: hidden
= Catha dryandrii Lowe; Man. Fl. Madeir. 1: 107 (1862)
= Celastrus umbellatus R.Br.; C. L. von Buch, Phys. Besch. Canar. Ins. 198 (1825)
= Maytenus dryandri (Lowe) Loes.; Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 20b: 140 (1942)
= Maytenus umbellata (R.Br.) Mabb.; Taxon 30(2): 486 (1981)
species :
Gymnosporia elliptica
(Thunb.) Schönland; Bot. Surv. S. Afr. Mem. 1, 73 (1919)
Distribution: South Africa (E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Celastrus ellipticus Thunb.; Hoffm. Phytogr. Blaetter 1: 22 (1803)
species :
Gymnosporia emarginata
(Willd.) Thwaites; Enum. Pl. Zeyl. [Thwaites] 409 (1859)
Distribution: Taiwan; India (Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu); Sri Lanka; Myanmar (Mandalay); peninsular Malaysia (Johor); +Singapore; Borneo; Sulawesi; Philippines (Sulu Arch.); Java; Lesser Sunda Isl.; Moluccas (Taliabu, Kei Isl., Tanimbar); New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Australia (Queensland: Cairns to Torres Strait)
38 TAI 40 IND SRL 41 MYA 42 BOR JAW LSI MLY MOL NWG PHI SNG SUL 50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Catha emarginata (Willd.) G.Don; Gen. Hist. 2: 9 (1832)
= Celastrus emarginatus Willd.; Sp. Pl. 1: 1128 (1798)
= Celastrus semiarillatus Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 36: I. 599 (1863)
= Cupania spinosa Blanco; (1837)
= Elaeodendron horizontale Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 36: I. 603 (1863)
= Gymnosporia ambigua S.Vidal; Sin. Gen. Pl. Leños. Filip., Atlas: xx, t. 31, f. B (1883)
= Gymnosporia philippinensis S.Vidal; Phan. Cuming. Philipp.: 58 (1885)
= Gymnosporia spinosa (Blanco) Merr. & Rolfe; Philipp. J. Sci., C 3(3): 109 (1908)
= Maytenus emarginata (Willd.) Ding Hou; Fl. Males., Ser. 1, 6: 241 (1963)
= Schinzia inconspicua Dennst.; Schlüssel Hortus Malab.: 31 (1818)
variant :
var. coromandelica
N.Balach. & P.Umam.; Pl. Sci. Today 11(1): 2 (2024)
Distribution: India (Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
species :
Gymnosporia esquirolii
H.Lév.; China Rev. 18 (1916)
Distribution: China (Guizhou, Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Maytenus esquirolii (H.Lév.) C.Y.Cheng ex Q.H.Chen; Fl. Guizhouensis 2: 382 (1986)
= Maytenus esquirolii (H.Lév.) C.Y.Cheng, C.Y.Cheng & P.H.Huang; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 45(3): 136 (1999) (isonym)
= Maytenus mengziensis H.Shao; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 20(2): 126 (2000)
species :
Gymnosporia falconeri
M.A.Lawson; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 1: 620 (1875)
Distribution: India (Uttarakhand, Manipur)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Gymnosporia championii Dunn; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1921: 308 (1921)
= Maytenus championii (Dunn) D.C.S.Raju & Babu; Bull. Bot. Surv. Ind. 10: 348 (1969)
= Maytenus falconeri (M.A.Lawson) M.A.Rau ex D.C.S.Raju & Babu; Bull. Bot. Surv. Ind. 10: Suppl. No. 2 (Check List, Fl. Upp. Gang. Pl.) 348 (1969)
variant :
var. kanjilalii
Raizada; J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 54: 796 (1957)
Distribution: N-India (Uttar Pradesh)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Maytenus falconeri var. kanjilalii (Raizada) M.A.Rau; Bull. Bot. Surv. India 10: 20 (1968)
species :
Gymnosporia forsskaoliana
(Sebsebe) Jordaan; Taxon 55(2): 521 (522) (2006)
Distribution: Yemen
35 YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Maytenus forsskaoliana Sebsebe; Symb. Bot. Upsal. 25(2): 67 (1985)
species :
Gymnosporia fruticosa
Thwaites; Enum. Pl. Zeyl. [Thwaites] 409 (1859)
Distribution: Sri Lanka
40 SRL
Synonyms: hidden
= Catha fruticosa Thwaites; Enum. Pl. Zeyl. [Thwaites] 72 (1859)
= Maytenus fruticosa (Thwaites) Loes.; Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 20b: 140 (1942)
species :
Gymnosporia gariepensis
Jordaan; Novon 15(2): 301 (2005)
Distribution: Namibia; South Africa (Cape Prov.)
27 NAM SAF
species :
Gymnosporia gibsonii
Kurz; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 44: 202 (1875)
Distribution: India (Maharashtra)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Maytenus gibsonii (Kurz) H.B.Naithani & S.Biswas; H. B. Naithani, Flow. Pl. India, Nepal & Bhutan: 94 (1990)
species :
Gymnosporia glaucophylla
Jordaan; Trees & Shrubs Mpumalanga & Krüger Nation. Park 676 (2002)
Distribution: S-Mozambique; South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal); Eswatini [Swaziland]
26 MOZ 27 SAF SWZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Maytenus heterophylla subsp. glauca N.Robson; (1965)
species :
Gymnosporia gracilipes
(Welw. ex Oliv.) Exell; Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2, 26: 222 (1952)
subspecies :
subsp. gracilipes
Distribution: Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; E-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Ethiopia; Uganda; Tanzania; Angola
22 NGA 23 BIO CMN ZAI 24 ETH 25 TAN UGA 26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Celastrus gracilipes Welw. ex Oliv.; Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 361 (1868)
= Gymnosporia gilletii De Wild. & T.Durand; Bull. Herb. Boissier Ser. 2(1): 8 (1901)
= Gymnosporia trothae Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 28(2): 150 (1900)
= Maytenus gracilipes (Welw. ex Oliv.) Exell; Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2, 26: 222 (1952)
= Maytenus serrata var. gracilipes (Welw. ex Oliv.) R.Wilczek
subspecies :
subsp. arguta
(Loes.) Jordaan; Taxon 55(2): 522 (2006)
Distribution: Cameroon; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania
23 CMN ZAI 24 ETH SSU 25 KEN TAN UGA
Synonyms: hidden
= Gymnosporia castellii Pic.Serm.; Miss. Stud. Lago Tana 7: Ricerche Bot., Pt. 1, 84 (1951)
= Gymnosporia ellenbeckii Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 41: 298 (1908)
= Gymnosporia gracilipes var. arguta Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 17: 541 (1893)
= Gymnosporia serrata var. niansaica Loes.
= Gymnosporia serrata var. steudneri (Engl.) Loes.
= Maytenus arguta (Loes.) N.Robson; Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2, 39: 8 (1965)
= Maytenus castellii (Pic.Serm.) Cufod.; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 28: Suppl., 477 (1958), et Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belg. 39: Suppl., p. xxvii (1969)
= Maytenus ellenbeckii (Loes.) Cufod.; Senck. Biol. 43: 289 (1962)
= Maytenus gracilipes subsp. arguta (Loes.) Sebsebe; Symb. Bot. Upsal. 25(2): 53 (1985)
= Maytenus ovata var. arguta (Loes.) Blakelock
= Maytenus serrata var. arguta (Loes.) R.Wilczek
species :
Gymnosporia graciliramula
(S.J.Pei & Y.H.Li) Q.R.Liu & Funston; Fl. China 11: 476 (2008)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Maytenus graciliramula S.J.Pei & Y.H.Li; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 3: 242 (1981)
= Maytenus guangnanensis H.Shao; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 20: 125 (2000)
= Maytenus longlinensis C.Y.Cheng & W.L.Sha; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19(2): 234 (1981)
= Maytenus oligantha C.Y.Cheng & W.L.Sha; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19(2): 233 (1981)
= Maytenus pseudoracemosa S.J.Pei & Y.H.Li; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 3(2): 242 (1981)
species :
Gymnosporia gracilis
Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 17: 545 (1893)
subspecies :
subsp. gracilis
Distribution: Kenya; Tanzania
25 KEN TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Gymnosporia ambonensis Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. 19: 231 (1894)
= Maytenus mossambicensis var. ambonensis (Loes.) N.Robson
= Maytenus mossambicensis var. ruber (Harv.) Blakelock; Kew Bull. 12: 38 (1957) p. p.
= Gymnosporia zanzibarica Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 41(4): 304 (1908)
subspecies :
subsp. usambarensis
Jordaan; Kew Bull. 58(4): 849 (2004)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
species :
Gymnosporia gracilis
Pierre; Fl. For. Cochinch. Fasc. 19: t. 304b, nom. illeg., non Loes. 1893 (1893)
Distribution: Cambodia; S-Vietnam
41 CBD VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Maytenus gracilis (Pierre) Loes.; Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 20b: 137 (1942)
species :
Gymnosporia grandifolia
(Davison) Jordaan; Trees & Shrubs Mpumalanga & Krüger Nation. Park 676 (2002)
Distribution: S-Zimbabwe; South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Eswatini [Swaziland]
26 ZIM 27 SAF SWZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Gymnosporia angularis var. grandifolia Davison
species :
Gymnosporia guangxiensis
(C.Y.Cheng & W.L.Sha) M.P.Simmons; Syst. Bot. 36(4): 929 (2012)
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Maytenus guangxiensis C.Y.Cheng & W.L.Sha; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19(2): 232 (1981)
species :
Gymnosporia gurueensis
(N.Robson) Jordaan; Kew Bull. 58(4): 850 (2004)
Distribution: N-Mozambique
26 MOZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Maytenus mossambicensis var. gurueensis N.Robson; Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2, 39: 10 (1965)
species :
Gymnosporia hainanensis
Merr. & Chun; Sunyatsenia 2: 267 (1935)
Distribution: China (Hainan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Maytenus hainanensis (Merr. & Chun) C.Y.Cheng, C.Y.Cheng & P.H.Huang; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 45(3): 146 (1999)
species :
Gymnosporia harenensis
(Sebsebe) Jordaan; Taxon 55(2): 522 (2006)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
Synonyms: hidden
= Maytenus harerensis Sebsebe; Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 19: 1 (1989)
species :
Gymnosporia harlandii
Hance; J. Bot. 4: 171 (1866)
Distribution: S-Vietnam
41 VIE
species :
Gymnosporia harveyana
Loes.; Bull Herb. Boissier 4: 430 (1896)
subspecies :
subsp. harveyana
Distribution: Tanzania; Malawi; E-Zimbabwe; Mozambique; South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Eswatini [Swaziland]
25 TAN 26 MLW MOZ ZIM 27 SAF SWZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Celastrus concinnus N.E.Br.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1906: 16 (1906)
= Gymnosporia concinna (N.E.Br.) Bews; Intr. Fl. Natal Zulul. 129 (1921)
subspecies :
subsp. stolzii
(N.Robson) Jordaan; Kew Bull. 58(4): 844 (2004)
Distribution: trop. Africa
Synonyms: hidden
= Maytenus mossambicensis var. stolzii N.Robson; Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2, 39: 9 (1965)
species :
Gymnosporia hemipterocarpa
Jordaan; Bothalia 38(2): 150 (2008)
Distribution: South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal); Eswatini [Swaziland]
27 SAF SWZ
species :
Gymnosporia heterophylla
(Eckl. & Zeyh.) Loes.; Bull Herb. Boissier 4: 429 (1896)
Name: Lemondoering
Distribution: Zambia; Mozambique; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal, N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Eswatini [Swaziland]; Madagascar
26 MOZ ZAM 27 BOT SAF SWZ 29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Cassine ilicifolia Hochst. ex Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 1: 474 (1860)
= Cassine mucronata Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 31(I): 455 (1858)
= Cassine szyszylowiczii Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 114 (1891)
= Catha heterophylla (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C.Presl; Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5, 3: 463 (1845)
= Catha parvifolius (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C.Presl; Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5, 3: 464 (1845)
= Catha venenata (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C.Presl; Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5, 3: 464 (1845)
= Celastrus angularis Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 1: 460 (1860)
= Celastrus cymosus Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. 121 (1835)
= Celastrus glomeratus E.Mey. ex Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 1: 458 (1860)
= Celastrus heterophyllus Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. 120 (1835)
= Celastrus parvifolius Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral.121 (1834-35)
= Celastrus venenatus Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. 121 (1835)
= Elaeodendron glaucum Szyszyl.; Polypet. Discifl. Rehmann. 2: 36 (1888)
= Gymnosporia angularis (Sond.) Sim; For. Fl. Cape Col. 185 (1907)
= Gymnosporia glauca Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 28: 154 (1900)
= Gymnosporia szyszylowiczii (Kuntze) Jordaan
= Gymnosporia szyszylowiczii subsp. namibensis Jordaan
= Maytenus heterophylla (Eckl. & Zeyh.) N.Robson; Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2, 39: 17 (1965)
species :
Gymnosporia heyneana
(Roth) M.A.Lawson; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 1: 620 (1875)
Distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Catha heyneana (Roth) Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. 1: 532 (1842)
= Celastrus heyneanus Roth; J. J. Roemer & Schult.,Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis 5: 421 (1819)
= Celastrus serrulatus Roth; Nov. Pl. Sp.: 155 (1821)
= Maytenus heyneana (Roth) D.C.S.Raju & Babu; Bull. Bot. Surv. India 10: 348 (1969)
species :
Gymnosporia ilicina
(Burch.) Loes. ex Engl.; Engl. Pflanzenw. Afr. 3(2): (Engl. & Drude, Veg. der Erde, ix.) 225 (1921)
Distribution: South Africa (N-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Celastrus ilicinus Burch. ex Loudon; Hort. Brit. (Loudon) 83, nomen (1830)
= Maytenus ilicina (Burch.) Loes.; Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 20b: 140 (1942)
species :
Gymnosporia inflata
(S.J.Pei & Y.H.Li) comb.ined.
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Maytenus inflata S.J.Pei & Y.H.Li; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 3(2): 244 (1981)
species :
Gymnosporia jinyangensis
(C.Y.Chang) Q.R.Liu & Funston; Fl. China 11: 476 (2008)
Distribution: China (Sichuan, Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Maytenus jinyangensis C.Y.Cheng; Journal Sichuan University (Natural Science Edition)(2): 88, f. (non No.) (1985)
species :
Gymnosporia keniensis
(Loes.) Jordaan; Taxon 55(2): 522 (2006)
Distribution: Uganda; Kenya
25 KEN UGA
Synonyms: hidden
= Gymnosporia serrata var. keniensis Loes.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 9: 486 (1926)
= Maytenus keniensis (Loes.) N.Robson & Sebsebe; Kew Bull. 42(2): 423 (1987)
species :
Gymnosporia laurina
(Thunb.) Szyszyl.; Polypet. Discifl. Rehmann. 2: 35 (1888)
Name: Rock Candlewood
Distribution: South Africa (N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Cassine oleifolia Pers.; Syn. Pl. 1: 327 (1805)
= Cassine oleoides Lam.; Encycl. 1: 652 (1785)
= Celastrus laurinus Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 1: 42 (1794)
= Celastrus oleifolius Pers.; Syn. 1: 327 (1805)
= Celastrus oleoides Lam.; Tabl. Encyc. 2: 93 (1797)
= Elaeodendron angustifolium C.Presl; Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5, 3: 464 (1845)
= Elaeodendron laurinum (Thunb.) C.Presl; Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5, 3: 464 (1845)
= Elaeodendron obtusum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C.Presl; Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5, 3: 464 (1845)
= Gymnosporia angustifolia (C.Presl) Bolus & Wolley-Dod; Trans. S. African Philos. Soc. 14: 247 (1903)
= Maytenus angustifolia (C.Presl) Loes.; Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 20b: 138 (1942)
= Maytenus oleoides (Lam.) Loes.; Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 20b: 137 (1942)
= Scytophyllum angustifolium (C.Presl) Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 1: 472 (1860)
= Scytophyllum laurinum (Thunb.) Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. 124 (1835)
= Scytophyllum obtusum Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. 124 (1835)
= Scytophyllum oleoides (Lam.) Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. 124 (1835)
species :
Gymnosporia leptopus
(Tul.) Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 20: 121 (1883)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Catha leptopus Tul.; Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. IV. 8: 100 (1857)
= Gymnosporia berberidacea Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 20: 120 (1883)
= Gymnosporia leptopus (Tul.) Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. 17: 548 (1893)
= Gymnosporia leptopus var. androyensis H.Perrier; (1942)
= Maytenus leptopus (Tul.) N.Robson; Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2, 39: 8 (1965)
species :
Gymnosporia linearis
(L.f.) Loes.; Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 20b: 149 (1942)
subspecies :
subsp. linearis
Name: Narrow-leaved Spike-thorn
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Madagascar
27 SAF 29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Catha linearis (L.f.) G.Don; Gen. Syst. 2: 9 (1832)
= Celastrus linearis L. f. [Suppl.Pl.153 (1782)]
= Celastrus stenophyllus Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. 122 (1835)
= Encentrus linearis (L.f.) C.Presl; Bot. Bemerk. 33 (1844), in Abh. Boehm. Ges. V. 3: 463 (1845)
= Gymnosporia linearis (L.f.) Schönland; Bot. Surv. S. Afr. Mem. 1, 73 (1919)
= Maytenus linearis (L.f.) Marais; Bothalia 7: 384 (1960)
= Polyacanthus stenophyllus (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C.Presl; Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5, 3: 463 (1845)
subspecies :
subsp. lanceolata
(E.Mey. ex Sond.) Jordaan; Trees S. Africa, ed. 3: 19 (2002)
Distribution: Namibia; South Africa (N-Cape Prov.)
27 NAM SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Celastrus lanceolatus E.Mey. ex Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 1: 456 (1860)
= Celastrus lanceolatus Eckl. ex Ettingsh.; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 13: 72, t. 7, figs. 8-9 (1857)
= Gymnosporia lanceolata (C.Presl) Loes.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 5: 207 (1896)
= Gymnosporia lanceolata Loes.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 5: 207 (1896)
subspecies :
subsp. madagascariensis
(Drake) Jordaan; Taxon 55(2): 519 (2006)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Celastrus linearis var. madagascariensis Drake; A. Grandidier, Hist. Phys. Madagascar 35: t. 280B (1896)
species :
Gymnosporia listeri
(Prain) A.T.Bhat, K.M.P.Kumar & Rana; Kew Bull. 79(2): 1 of 3 (2024)
Distribution: NE-India (Arunachal Pradesh)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Maytenus listeri (Prain) D.C.S.Raju & Babu; Bull. Bot. Surv. Ind. 10: Suppl. No. 2 (Check List, Fl. Upp. Gang. Pl.) 348 (1969)
= Celastrus listeri Prain; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 73: 197 (1904)
species :
Gymnosporia littoralis
(Backer) Jordaan; Telopea 10(1): 160 (2003)
Distribution: S-Thailand; peninsular Malaysia; Java
41 THA 42 JAW MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Gymnosporia montana var. littoralis Backer
species :
Gymnosporia livingstonei
Jordaan; Kew Bull. 58(4): 851 (2004)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
species :
Gymnosporia lucida
(L.) Loes.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 5: 208 (1892)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Cassine concava Lam.; Encycl. (Lam.) 1(2): 652 (1785)
= Cassine humilis Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 308 (1840)
= Celastrus cassinifolius Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 141 (1796)
= Celastrus concavus Lam.; Tabl. Encycl. 2: 93 (1797)
= Celastrus lucidus L.; Mant. Pl. 49 (1767)
= Maytenus lucida (L.) Loes.; Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 20b: 140 (1942)
species :
Gymnosporia macrocarpa
Jordaan; J. South Afr. Bot. 66(1): 12 (2000)
Distribution: South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal)
27 SAF
species :
Gymnosporia maranguensis
(Loes.) Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 41(4): 303 (1908)
Distribution: NE-Tanzania; Zimbabwe; S-Mozambique; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal); Eswatini [Swaziland]
25 TAN 26 MOZ ZIM 27 BOT NAM SAF SWZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Gymnosporia bequaertii De Wild.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 536 (1913)
= Gymnosporia senegalensis var. maranguensis Loes.
species :
Gymnosporia marcanii
Craib; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1926: 350 (1926)
Distribution: Thailand; Cambodia; Vietnam
41 CBD THA VIE
species :
Gymnosporia markwardii
Jordaan; J. South Afr. Bot., 65(5-6): 317 (1999)
Distribution: Mozambique; South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal)
26 MOZ 27 SAF
species :
Gymnosporia masindei
(Gereau) Jordaan; Taxon 55(2): 520 (2006)
Distribution: S-Kenya; N-Tanzania
25 KEN TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Maytenus masindei Gereau; Novon 11(1): 43 (2001), nom. nov.
= Maytenus conferta Masinde ex N.Robson; Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Celastrac.: 16 (1994), non (Ruiz & Pav.) Loes.
species :
Gymnosporia matoboensis
Jordaan; Taxon 55(2): 520 (2006)
Distribution: Zimbabwe
26 ZIM
Synonyms: hidden
= Maytenus heterophylla subsp. puberula N.Robson; Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2, 39: 23 (1965)
species :
Gymnosporia mekongensis
Pierre; Fl. For. Cochinch. Fasc. 19: t. 303a. (1893)
Distribution: Thailand; Laos; S-Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia
41 LAO THA VIE 42 MLY
species :
Gymnosporia monococca
Davison; Bothalia 2: 300 (1927)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Maytenus monococca (Davison) Loes.; Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 20b: 138 (1942)
species :
Gymnosporia monodii
(Exell) comb.ined.
Distribution: São Tomé
23 SAO
Synonyms: hidden
= Maytenus monodii Exell; Bull. Inst. Franc. Afr. Noire, Ser. A. 21: 453 (1959)
species :
Gymnosporia mossambicensis
(Klotzsch) Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. 17: 547 (1893)
Name: Black Forest Spike-thorn
Distribution: Tanzania; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; South Africa (Limpopo)
25 TAN 26 MLW MOZ ZIM 27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Celastrus mossambicensis Klotzsch; Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 1: 112 (1861)
= Maytenus mossambicensis (Klotzsch) Blakelock; Kew Bull. 1957: 37 (1957)
species :
Gymnosporia nemorosa
(Eckl. & Zeyh.) Szyszyl.; Pl. Rehman. 2: 35 (1888)
Name: White Forest Spike-thorn
Distribution: South Africa (Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal, W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Eswatini [Swaziland]
27 SAF SWZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Maytenus nemorosa (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Marais; Bothalia 7: 385 (1960)
= Celastrus nemorosus Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral.120 (1834-35)
species :
Gymnosporia nguruensis
(N.Robson & Sebsebe) Jordaan; Taxon 55(2): 520 (2006)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
Conservation Status: only known from type
Synonyms: hidden
= Maytenus nguruensis N.Robson & Sebsebe; Kew Bull. 42(2): 426 (1987)
species :
Gymnosporia nitida
Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 9: 311 (1914)
Distribution: Philippines (Luzon)
42 PHI
Remarks: known only from type collection
Synonyms: hidden
= Maytenus crassa Ding Hou; Fl. Males., Ser. 1, 6: 242 (1963)
species :
Gymnosporia nyassica
Burtt Davy & Hutch.; Burtt Davy, Man. Fl. Pl. & Ferns Transvaal, Pt. 11. pp. 23: 448 (1932)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Maytenus nyassica Gilli
species :
Gymnosporia obbadiensis
Chiov.; Fl. Somala, 126 (1929)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
Synonyms: hidden
= Maytenus obbadiensis (Chiov.) Cufod.; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 28: Suppl., 477 (1958), et Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belg. 39: Suppl., p. xxvii (1969)
species :
Gymnosporia obovata
Craib; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1915: 426 (1915)
Distribution: N-Thailand
41 THA
species :
Gymnosporia obscura
(A.Rich.) Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. 17: 546 (1893)
Distribution: ?Rwanda; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; N-Tanzania; Saudi Arabia
24 ETH SSU 25 KEN TAN UGA 35 SAU
Synonyms: hidden
= Celastrus obscurus A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 131 (1847)
= Gymnosporia obscura Engl.; Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. B (1895) 509, nomen
= Gymnosporia serrata var. obscura (A.Rich.) Fiori
= Maytenus obscura (A.Rich.) Cufod.; Senck. Biol. 43: 289 (1962)
species :
Gymnosporia oleosa
(A.E.van Wyk & R.H.Archer) comb.ined.
Distribution: South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Maytenus oleosa A.E.van Wyk & R.H.Archer; J. South Afr. Bot. 53(2): 155 (1987)
species :
Gymnosporia orbiculata
(C.Y.Wu ex S.J.Pei & Y.H.Li) Q.R.Liu & Funston; Fl. China (2008)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Maytenus orbiculata C.Y.Wu; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 3(2): 239 (1981)
= Maytenus berberoides var. acutissima S.J.Pei & Y.H.Li; Res. Bull. Trop. Pl. 13: 11. pit. 1 (1979)
species :
Gymnosporia ovata
(Wall. ex Wight & Arn.) M.A.Lawson; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 1: 619 (1875)
Distribution: India (Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Catha ovata (Wall. ex Wight & Arn.) Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. 1: 532 (1842)
= Celastrus ovalifolius Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 315 (1840)
= Celastrus ovatus Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 4308 (1831)
= Celastrus ovatus Wall. ex Wight & Arn.; Prodr. Fl. Penins. Ind. Or. 159 (1834)
= Maytenus ovata (Wall. ex Wight & Arn.) Loes.; Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 20b: 140 (1942)
species :
Gymnosporia oxycarpa
(N.Robson) Jordaan; Trees & Shrubs Mpumalanga & Krüger Nation. Park 676 (2002)
Distribution: S-Zimbabwe; South Africa (Limpopo)
26 ZIM 27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Maytenus oxycarpa N.Robson; Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2, 39: 6 (1965)
species :
Gymnosporia oxyphylla
(Grierson & Long) comb.ined.
Distribution: China (Yunnan); Bhutan; India (Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal); Bangladesh; Myanmar (widespread)
36 CHI 40 BAN BHU IND 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Celastrus oxyphyllus Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 4312 (1831)
= Gymnosporia acuminata Hook. f. ex M.A.Lawson; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 1: 619 (1875), non (L. f.) Szyzyl.
= Maytenus hookeri Loes.; Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 20b: 140 (1942)
= Maytenus hookeri var. longiradiata S.J.Pei & Y.H.Li; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 3(2): 247 (1981)
= Maytenus oxyphylla Grierson & D.G.Long; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37(2): 341 (1979) (nom. nov.)
species :
Gymnosporia pallida
Collett & Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 28: 32 (1890)
Distribution: Myanmar (Chin, Kachin, Sagaing, Shan)
41 MYA
species :
Gymnosporia parviflora
(Vahl) Chiov.; Bull. Soc. Bot. It., 114 (1923)
subspecies :
subsp. parviflora
Distribution: Saudi Arabia (Asir); Yemen
35 SAU YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Catha parviflora (Vahl) G.Don; Gen. Hist. 2: 19 (1832)
= Catha spinosa Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 64 (1775), nom. inval.
= Celastrus parviflorus Vahl; Symb. Bot. (Vahl) i. 21. (1790)
= Gymnosporia spinosa (Forssk.) Fiori; Agric. Colon. 5: Supp,., 2 (1911) (1912)
= Gymnosporia spinosa C.Chr.; Dansk Bot. Arkiv 4: No. 3, 17 (1922)
= Maytenus parviflora (Vahl) Sebsebe; Symb. Bot. Upsal. 25(2): 63 (1985)
subspecies :
subsp. eritreana
(Sebsebe) Jordaan; Taxon 55(2): 522 (2006)
Distribution: Eritrea; ?Djibouti; NW-Somalia
24 ERI SOM
Synonyms: hidden
= Maytenus parviflora var. eritreana (Sebsebe) Sebsebe; Symb. Bot. Upsal. 25(2): 65 (1985)
= Maytenus eritreana Sebsebe; Nordic J. Bot. 4(4): 463 (1984)
species :
Gymnosporia peduncularis
(Sond.) Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. 17: 549 (1893)
Name: Cape Blackwood, Indigenous Blackwood
Distribution: Mozambique; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Eswatini [Swaziland]
26 MOZ 27 BOT SAF SWZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Celastrus peduncularis Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 1: 454 (1860)
= Gymnosporia peduncularis Bolus; Ann. Bolus Herb. 2: 13 (1916)
= Maytenus peduncularis (Sond.) Loes.; Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 20b: 136 (1942)
species :
Gymnosporia pertinax
(N.Hallé & J.Florence) M.P.Simmons; Syst. Bot. 36(4): 929 (2012)
Distribution: Austral Isl. (Tubuai)
61 AUI
Synonyms: hidden
= Maytenus pertinax N.Hallé & J.Florence; Dir. Centres d´Expér. Nucl., Service Mixte Contrôle Biol., Rapa: 138 (1986 publ. 1987)
species :
Gymnosporia polyacantha
(Sond.) Szyszyl.; Pl. Rehmann. 2: 33 (1888)
subspecies :
subsp. polyacantha
Distribution: South Africa (E-Cape Prov.); Madagascar [I]
27 SAF 29 mdg
Synonyms: hidden
= Celastrus angustifolius (C.Presl) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 37 (1898)
= Celastrus inflexus Zeyh. ex Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 1: 455 (1860)
= Celastrus linearis Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral.121 (1834-35)
= Celastrus polyacanthus Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 1: 455 (1860)
= Maytenus polyacantha (Sond.) Marais; Bothalia 7: 384 (1960)
= Polyacanthus angustifolius C.Presl; Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5, 3: 464 (1845)
subspecies :
subsp. vacciniifolia
(Conrath) Jordaan; Trees S. Africa, ed. 3: 19 (2002)
Distribution: South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Gymnosporia vacciniifolia Conrath; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1908: 221 (1908)
species :
Gymnosporia procumbens
(L.f.) Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 39: 169 (1906)
Name: Dune Koko Tree
Distribution: S-Mozambique; South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)
26 MOZ 27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Cassine articulata E.Mey. ex Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 1: 457 (1860)
= Celastrus ilicinus Krauss ex Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 1: 457 (1860)
= Celastrus procumbens L. f. [Suppl.Pl.153 (1782)]
= Maytenus procumbens (L.f.) Loes.; Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 20b: 140 (1942)
species :
Gymnosporia puberula
M.A.Lawson; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 1: 619 (1875)
Distribution: India (Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Maytenus puberula (M.A.Lawson) Loes.; Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 20b: 136 (1942)
= Gymnosporia konkanensis Talbot; For. Fl. Bombay 1: 280 (1909)
species :
Gymnosporia pubescens
(N.Robson) Jordaan; Trees & Shrubs Mpumalanga & Krüger Nation. Park 676 (2002)
Distribution: S-Zimbabwe; Mozambique; South Africa (Limpopo)
26 MOZ ZIM 27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Maytenus pubescens N.Robson; Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2, 39: 24 (1965)
species :
Gymnosporia punctata
(Sebsebe) Jordaan; Taxon 55(2): 522 (2006)
Distribution: N-Somalia
24 SOM
Synonyms: hidden
= Maytenus punctata Sebsebe; Symb. Bot. Upsal. 25(2): 73 (1985)
species :
Gymnosporia putterlickioides
Loes. ex Engl.; Abh. Preuss. Akad. Wiss (1894) 25 et 51
subspecies :
subsp. putterlickioides
Distribution: SE-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; S-Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; South Africa (Limpopo)
23 ZAI 24 ETH 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Gymnosporia borumensis Loes.; Bull. Herb. Boissier 4: 430 (1896)
= Gymnosporia fischeri Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 17(5): 543 (1893)
= Gymnosporia fischeri var. magniflora Loes.; nom. illeg.
= Gymnosporia fischeri var. parviflora Loes.
= Maytenus putterlickioides (Loes.) Exell & Mendonça; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 8: 238 (1953)
subspecies :
subsp. euonymoides
(Welw. ex Oliv.) Jordaan; Taxon 55(2): 524 (2006)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Celastrus euonymoides Welw. ex Oliv.; Fl. Trop. Afr. (Oliv. et al.) 1: 362 (1868)
= Gymnosporia euonymoides (Welw. ex Oliv.) Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 17: 547 (1893)
= Maytenus welwitschiana Exell & Mendonça; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 8: 237 (1953)
species :
Gymnosporia pyria
(Willemet) Jordaan; Taxon 55(2): 522 (2006)
Distribution: Madagascar; Mauritius
29 MAU MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Catha trigyna (Lam.) C.Presl; Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5, 3: 463 (1845)
= Celastrus obtusifolius Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 86 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] & Wall 2: 393 (1824), Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 1: 625 (1832)
= Celastrus pyrius Willemet; Ust. Ann. Bot. 18: 21 (1796)
= Celastrus trigynus Lam.; Tabl. Encyc. 2: 94 (1797)
= Gymnosporia trigyna (Lam.) Baker; Fl. Maurit. 50 (1877)
= Ilex salicifolia Jacq.; (1796) (non Maytenus salicifolia Reissek 1861)
= Maytenus pyria (Willemet) N.Robson; Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2, 39: 13 (1965)
species :
Gymnosporia richardsiae
(N.Robson & Sebsebe) Jordaan; Taxon 55(2): 522 (2006)
Distribution: N-Tanzania
25 TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Maytenus richardsiae N.Robson & Sebsebe; Kew Bull. 42(2): 427 (1987)
species :
Gymnosporia rothiana
(Walp.) M.A.Lawson; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 1: 620 (1875)
Distribution: India (Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Catha rothiana Walp.; Rep. 1: 532 (1842)
= Celastrus rothianus Wight & Arn.; Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. 1: 159 (1834)
= Gymnosporia wightiana (Babu) R.S.Rao; Fl. Goa, Diu, Daman, Dadra & Nagarhaveli (Fl. India, Ser. 2) 1: 76 (1985)
= Maytenus rothiana (M.A.Lawson) Bennet & K.C.Sahni; Indian Forester, 103(6): 387 (1977), isonym
= Maytenus rothiana (M.A.Lawson) Lobr.-Callen; Adansonia, sér. 2, 15( 2): 223 (1975)
= Maytenus rothiana (M.A.Lawson) Ramamoorthy; C. J. Saldanha & D. H. Nicolson, Fl. Hassan Distr. Karnataka, India: 320 (1976), isonym
= Maytenus wightiana Babu; Bull. Bot. Surv. Ind. 10: 349 (1969)
species :
Gymnosporia royleana
Wall. ex M.A.Lawson; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 1: 620 (1875)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Kunar / Nuristan, Laghman, Paktia / Khost); Saudi Arabia (Asir); Oman (Dhofar); China (Yunnan); Tibet; Pakistan (Baluchistan, Waziristan, N. W. Frontier Prov., Swat, Hazara, Pakistani Punjab, Rawalpindi, Salt Range); Nepal; India (Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh)
34 AFG 35 OMA SAU 36 CHI TIB 40 IND NEP PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Celastrus royleanus Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 4317 (1831)
= Celastrus royleanus Wall. ex Kanjilal; Forest Fl. School Circle 68 (1901)
= Celastrus royleanus Wall. ex M.A.Lawson; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 1: 620 (1875)
= Celastrus spinosus Royle; Illustr. Bot. Himalaya. 167 (1835) et auct. p. p.
= Celastrus spinosus Royle ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 2: 11 (1872)
= Euonymus spinosus Griff.; Itin. Pl. Khasyah Mts.: 279, 430 (1848)
= Maytenus royleana (M.A.Lawson) M.A.Rau; Bull. Bot. Surv. Ind. 10: Suppl. No. 2 (Check List, Fl. Upp. Gang. Pl.) 20(1969)
= Maytenus royleana (M.A.Lawson) M.A.Rau ex D.C.S.Raju & Babu; Bull. Bot. Surv. Ind. 10: 348 (1969)
= Maytenus royleana (Wall. ex M.A.Lawson) Cufod.; Senck. Biol. 43: 313 (1962)
= Maytenus yimenensis H.Shao; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 20: 126 (2000)
species :
Gymnosporia rubra
(Harv.) Loes.; Bull Herb. Boissier 4: 430 (1896)
Distribution: South Africa (Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Celastrus ruber Harv.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 2: 592 (1862)
= Maytenus mossambicensis var. rubra (Harv.) Blakelock
species :
Gymnosporia rufa
(Wall.) M.A.Lawson; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 1: 620 (1875)
Distribution: Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh); Myanmar (Kachin)
36 TIB 40 BHU IND NEP 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Catha rufa (Wall.) G.Don; Gen. Hist. 2: 10 (1832)
= Celastrus rufus Wall.; Roxb., Fl. lnd. 2: 397 (1824)
= Gymnosporia oblanceolata M.A.Lawson; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 1: 619 (1875)
= Maytenus rufa (Wall. ex Roxb.) D.C.S.Raju & Babu; Bull. Bot. Surv. Ind. 10: 348 (1969)
= Maytenus rufa (Wall.) H.Hara; J. Jap. 8. 40: 327 (1965)
variant :
var. latifolia
Haines; Bot. Bihar & Odisha 1: 194 (1961)
Distribution: India (Bihar)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Maytenus rufa var. latifolia (Haines) H.B.Naithani & S.Biswas; H. B. Naithani, Flow. Pl. India, Nepal & Bhutan: 94 (1990)
= Maytenus rufa var. latifolia (Haines) R.P.Bhattacharya; J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 98(2): 315 (1 Aug. 2001) (2001), isonym
species :
Gymnosporia salicifolia
M.A.Lawson; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 1: 619 (1875)
Distribution: NE-India (Assam, Meghalaya)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Maytenus simonsii D.C.S.Raju; Bull. Bot. Surv. Ind. 10: 348 (1969)
species :
Gymnosporia schliebenii
Loes. ex Jordaan; Kew Bull. 58(4): 861 (2004)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
species :
Gymnosporia sekhukhuniensis
Jordaan & A.E.van Wyk; Phytotaxa 408(1): 72 (2019)
Distribution: South Africa (Northern Prov., Mpulamanga)
27 SAF
species :
Gymnosporia senegalensis
(Lam.) Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 17: 541 (1893)
Name: Red Spike-thorn
Distribution: Morocco; Western Sahara; Algeria (Tadmayt, Tefedest, Tassili n´Ajjer, Tibesti, Adrar des Iforhas, Erg Djemel); Egypt (Jbel Elba); Mauritania; Mauritania; Senegal; Gambia; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Niger; Niger; Nigeria; Cameroon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; Chad (incl. Tibesti); Sudan; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Djibouti; Somalia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal); Eswatini [Swaziland]; N-Madagascar; Aldabra (Aldabra Isl., Asuncio Isl., Cosmoledo Isl., Astove Isl.); Iran (E-Iran); Afghanistan; Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, NE-Saudi Arabia, Hejaz, Asir); Oman; Yemen (Aden Desert, SE-Yemen: coastal Hadhramaut, Tihama, W-Yemen); Pakistan (Karachi, Sind, Baluchistan, Waziristan); India (Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh); Bangladesh
20 ALG EGY MOR WSA 22 BEN BKN GAM GHA GNB GUI IVO LBR MLI MTN NGA NGR SEN SIE TOG 23 BUR CAF CMN CON RWA ZAI 24 CHA DJI ERI ETH SOM SSU SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT NAM SAF SWZ 29 ALD MDG 34 AFG IRN 35 OMA SAU YEM 40 BAN IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Catha decolor (Delile) Webb; Fragm. Fl. Aethiop.-Aegypt.: 60 (1854)
= Catha montana (Roth) G.Don; Gen. Syst. 2: 10 (1832)
= Catha senegalensis (Lam.) G.Don; Gen. Syst. 2: 10 (1832)
= Catha senegalensis Webb; Fragm. Fl. Aethiop.-Aegypt.: 61 (1854)
= Celastrus coriaceus Guill. & Perr.; Fl. Seneg. Tent.: 142 (1831)
= Celastrus crenatus Roth; Nov. Pl. Sp. 156 (1821)
= Celastrus decolor Delile; Voy. Meroe 100, t. 64, f. 6 (1826)
= Celastrus glaucus R.Br.; Voy. Abyss. (Salt) Append. p. lxiv (1814)
= Celastrus montanus Roth; J. J. Roemer & Schult.,Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis 5: 427 (1819)
= Celastrus obovatus Hochst. ex Oliv.; Fl. Trop. Afr. (Oliv. et al.) 1: 362 (1868)
= Celastrus pallidus Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 4307 (1831)
= Celastrus phyllacanthus L´Hér.; Sert. Angl. 6 (1789)
= Celastrus senegalensis Lam.; Encycl. 1: 661 (1785)
= Gymnosporia antunesii Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 28: 152 (1900)
= Gymnosporia baumii Loes.; Kunene-Sambesi-Exped. (Warburg) 291 (1903)
= Gymnosporia benguelensis Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 28(2): 151 (1900)
= Gymnosporia coriacea (Guill. & Perr.) Thomson; J. Discov. Source Nile: 564 (1863)
= Gymnosporia crenulata Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. 10: 38 (1889)
= Gymnosporia dinteri Loes.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 3: 823 (1903)
= Gymnosporia eminiana Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 17(5): 543 (1893)
= Gymnosporia eremoecusa Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 41: 299 (1908)
= Gymnosporia europaea Masf.; Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 176 (1881)
= Gymnosporia febrifuga Chiov.; Monogr. Rapp. Colon. 24: 89 (1912)
= Gymnosporia intermedia Chiov.; Ann. Bot. (Rome) 9: 54 (1911)
= Gymnosporia montana (Roth) Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 1: 400 et auct. p. p. (1863)
= Gymnosporia senegalensis var. angustifolia Engl. & Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 17: 542 (1893)
= Gymnosporia senegalensis var. inermis (A.Rich.) Loes.; (1893)
= Gymnosporia senegalensis var. spinosa Engl. ex Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 17: 542 (1893)
= Maytenus baumii (Loes.) Exell & Mendonça; Carrisso, Consp. Fl. Angol. 2: 6 (1954)
= Maytenus senegalensis (Lam.) Exell; Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2, 26: 223 (1952)
variant :
var. europaea
(Boiss.) Jahand. & Maire; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc T. 179 (1924)
Distribution: S-Spain (Málaga-Almeria); Morocco; Algeria
12 SPA 20 ALG MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Catha europaea (Boiss.) Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 725 (1845)
= Celastrus europaeus Boiss.; Elench. Pl. Nov. 29 (1838)
= Celastrus saharae Batt.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 47: 251 (1901)
= Celastrus senegalensis var. europeaus (Boiss.) Ball; Spicil. Fl. Maroc [Ball] 16: 391 (1878)
= Gymnosporia europaea (Boiss.) Masf.; Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 176 (1881)
= Gymnosporia saharae (Batt.) Loes. ex Engl.; Engl. Pflanzenw. Afr. 3(2): (Engl. & Drude, Veg. der Erde, ix.) 228 (1921)
= Gymnosporia senegalensis subsp. europaea (Boiss.) Rivas Goday & Rivas Mart.; Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 25: 162 (1967)
= Maytenus senegalensis subsp. europaeus (Boiss.) Rivas Mart. ex Güemes & M.B.Crespo; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 48(1): 86 (1990)
species :
Gymnosporia serrata
(Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 41: 302 (1908)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Yemen (W-Yemen)
24 ETH 35 YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Celastrus edulis Hochst. ex A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 131 (1847)
= Celastrus pyrifolius Oliv.; Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 362 (1868)
= Celastrus schimperi Hochst. ex A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 132 (1847)
= Celastrus serratus Hochst. ex A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 131 (1847)
= Celastrus serrulatus R.Br.; Voy. Abyss. (Salt) Append. p. lxiv (1814)
= Gymnosporia serrata var. schimperi (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Fiori
= Maytenus ovata f. pubescens (Schweinf.) Blakelock; p. p.
= Maytenus ovatus var. argutus (Loes.) Blakelock; Kew Bull. 1956: 241 (1956)
= Maytenus serrata (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) R.Wilczek; Fl. Zairee & Ruanda-Urundi 9: 120 (1960)
species :
Gymnosporia sikkimensis
Prain; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 73: 198 (1905)
Distribution: India (Darjeeling, West Bengal, Sikkim)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Maytenus sikkimensis (Prin) D.C.S.Raju & Babu; Bull. Bot. Surv. Ind. 10: 348 (1969)
species :
Gymnosporia somalensis
Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 17: 547 (1893)
Distribution: N-Somalia
24 SOM
Synonyms: hidden
= Celastrus somalensis Engl. ex Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 17: 548 (1893)
= Maytenus somalensis (Engl. ex Loes.) Cufod.; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 28: Suppl., 480 (1958), et Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belg. 39: Suppl., p. 27 (1969)
species :
Gymnosporia stylosa
Pierre; Fl. For. Cochinch. Fasc. 19: t. 304a. (1893)
Distribution: Thailand; Cambodia; S-Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Perlis, Langkawi Isl.)
41 CBD THA VIE 42 MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Gymnosporia curtisii King; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 65: 353 (1896)
= Gymnosporia stylosa var. rectispinosa Craib; Fl. Siam. Enum. 1: 285 (1926)
= Maytenus curtisii (King) Ding Hou; Fl. Males., Ser. 1, 6: 240 (1963)
= Maytenus stylosa (Pierre) Lobr.-Callen; Adansonia, sér. 2, 15( 2): 223 (1975)
species :
Gymnosporia swazica
Jordaan; Phytotaxa 192(4): 296 (2015)
Distribution: South Africa (Mpumalanga)
27 SAF
species :
Gymnosporia tenuispina
(Sond.) Szyszyl.; Pl. Rehmann. 2: 33 (1888)
Distribution: Zimbabwe; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal, Free State)
26 ZIM 27 BOT SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Celastrus tenuispinus Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 1: 456 (1860)
= Gymnosporia botsabelensis Loes.; Bull. Herb. Boissier 4: 429 (1896)
= Maytenus tenuispina (Sond.) Marais; Bothalia 7: 384 (1960)
species :
Gymnosporia thompsonii
Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 9: 105 (1914)
Distribution: Palau (Koror, Ulebsechel, Ngeanges, Urukthapel, Seventy Isl.); Northern Marianas (Saipan, Tinian, Rota); Guam
62 GUM MRN PLU
Synonyms: hidden
= Celastrus marianensis Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 400 (1916)
= Gymnosporia palauica Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 63: 272 (1930)
= Maytenus palauica (Loes.) Fosberg; Phytologia 5: 290(1955)
= Maytenus thompsonii (Merr.) Fosberg; Phytologia 5: 290 (1955)
species :
Gymnosporia thomsonii
Kurz; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 44: 202 (1875)
Distribution: Nepal; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Sikkim, West Bengal); Myanmar (Chin)
40 BHU IND NEP 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Maytenus kurzii Bennet & K.C.Sahni; Indian Forester, 103(6): 388 (1977) (nom. nov.)
= Maytenus thomsonii (Kurz) D.C.S.Raju & Babu; Bull. Bot. Surv. Ind. 10: 349 (1969)
species :
Gymnosporia thyrsiflora
(S.J.Pei & Y.H.Li) W.B.Yu & D.Z.Li; Nordic J. Bot. 31(6): 746 (2013)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Maytenus thyrsiflora S.J.Pei & Y.H.Li; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 3(2): 243 (1981)
species :
Gymnosporia tiaoloshanensis
Chun & F.C.How; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 7: 52 (1958)
Distribution: China (Hainan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Maytenus tiaoloshanensis (Chun & F.C.How) C.Y.Cheng, C.Y.Cheng & P.H.Huang; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 45(3): 141 (1999)
species :
Gymnosporia tonkinensis
Pit.; Lecomte, Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 1: 887 (1912)
Distribution: C-Vietnam; N-Vietnam
41 VIE
species :
Gymnosporia trilocularis
Hayata; Ic. Pl. Formos. 3: 59 (1913)
Distribution: Taiwan; Philippines
38 TAI 42 PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Gymnosporia inermis Merr. & L.M.Perry; J. Arnold Arbor. 20: 335 (1939)
= Maytenus garanbiensis C.E.Chang; Prov. Pingt. Agr. For. Assoc. 19: 17 (1977)
species :
Gymnosporia undata
(Thunb.) Szyszyl.; Pl. Rehmann. 2: 33 (1888)
Name: Koko Tree, South African Holly, Transvaal Holly
Distribution: Guinea; Ghana; Togo; Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; Cabinda [Angola]; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; Sudan; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Djibouti; Somalia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; Eswatini [Swaziland]; Comores (Mayotte, etc.); Saudi Arabia (Asir)
22 GHA GUI NGA TOG 23 BIO BUR CAB CAF CMN CON RWA ZAI 24 DJI ERI ETH SOM SSU SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT LES SAF SWZ 29 COM 35 SAU
Synonyms: hidden
= Aerisilvaea serrata Radcl.-Sm.; Kew Bull. 47(4): 677 (1992)
= Catha fasciculata Tul.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. 4, Bot. 8: 98 (1857)
= Celastrus collinus Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. 119 (1835)
= Celastrus cymatodes Spreng.; Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) (Spreng.) 1: 775 (1824)
= Celastrus dumetorum Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. 119 (1835)
= Celastrus fasciculatus Drake; Grandidier, Hist. Pl. Madag. 35: (Hist. Nat. Pl. 5: Atlas, iii.) t. 280(1896)
= Celastrus huillensis Welw. ex Oliv.; Fl. Trop. Afr. (Oliv. et al.) 1: 364 (1868)
= Celastrus lancifolius Thonn.; Schumach. & Thonn. Beskr. Guin. Pl. 132 (1827)
= Celastrus laurifolius A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 130 (1847)
= Celastrus luteolus Delile; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 20: 90 (1843)
= Celastrus macrophyllus Welw. ex Oliv.; Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 364 (1868)
= Celastrus sinuatodentatus Hochst. ex A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 130 (1847)
= Celastrus undatus Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 1: 42 (1794)
= Celastrus zeyheri Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 1: 456 (1860)
= Gymnosporia fasciculata (Tul.) Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. 19: 232 (1894)
= Gymnosporia goetzeana Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 30(3-4): 344 (1901)
= Gymnosporia huillensis (Welw. ex Oliv.) Szyszyl.; Pl. Rehmann. 2: 35 (1888)
= Gymnosporia lancifolia (Thonn.) Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. 17: 548 (1893)
= Gymnosporia laurifolia (A.Rich.) Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. 17: 548 (1893)
= Gymnosporia luteola (Delile) Szyszyl.; Pl. Rehmann. 2: 35 (1888)
= Gymnosporia maliensis Schnell; Bull. Inst. Franc. Afr. Noire 15: 96 (1953)
= Gymnosporia peglerae Davison; Bothalia 2: 298 (1927)
= Gymnosporia rehmannii Szyszyl.; Pl. Rehmann. 2: 34 (1888)
= Gymnosporia zeyheri (Sond.) Szyszyl.; Pl. Rehmann. 2: 33 (1888)
= Maytenus fasciculata (Tul.) Loes.; Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 20b: 140 (1942)
= Maytenus goetzeana (Loes.) Loes.; Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 20b: 140 (1942)
= Maytenus huillensis (Welw. ex Oliv.) Loes.; Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 20b: 140 (1942)
= Maytenus lancifolia (Thonn.) Loes.; Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 20b: 140 (1942)
= Maytenus laurifolia (A.Rich.) Loes.; Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 20b: 140 (1942)
= Maytenus luteola (Delile) Andrews; Fl. Pl. Anglo-Egypt. Sudan 2: 283 (1952)
= Maytenus undata (Thunb.) Blakelock; Kew Bull. 1956: 237 (1956)
= Maytenus zeyheri (Sond.) Loes.; Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 20: 138 (1942)
= Scolopia platyphylla Chiov. ex Chiarugi; Webbia 8: 236 (1951) (Flacourtiaceae)
species :
Gymnosporia uniflora
Davison; Bothalia 2: 294 (1927)
Distribution: South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
species :
Gymnosporia vanwykii
(R.H.Archer) Jordaan; Kew Bull. 58(4): 855 (2004)
Distribution: South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Maytenus vanwykii R.H.Archer; J. South Afr. Bot. 58(5): 393 (1992)
species :
Gymnosporia variabilis
(Hemsl.) Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29(3-4): 446 (1900)
Distribution: China (Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Celastrus variabilis Hemsl.; Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 124 (1886)
= Maytenus arboreus H.Shao; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 20(2): 127 (2000)
= Maytenus variabilis (Hemsl.) C.Y.Cheng, C.Y.Cheng & P.H.Huang; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 45(3): 136 (1999)
= Maytenus variabilis (Loes.) C.Y.Cheng ex Q.H.Chen; Fl. Guizhouensis 2: 382 (1986)
= Maytenus variabilis var. inermis H.Shao; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 20: 128 (2000)
species :
Gymnosporia vitiensis
(A.Gray) Seem.; Fl. Vit. 40 (1865)
Distribution: Tonga (Tongatapu, ´Eua, Nomuka, Vava´u); Niue; Fiji; American Samoa (Tutuila); [Western] Samoa (´Upolu, Savai´i); Cook Isl. (Rarotonga); Society Isl. (Moorea, Raiatea, ?Tahiti, Huahine, Maupiti, Bora Bora); Gambier Isl. (Mangareva); Austral Isl. (Rapa Iti, Raivavae, Tubuai)
60 ASA FIJ NUE SAM TON 61 AUI COO GBI SCI
Synonyms: hidden
= Celastrus vitiensis (A. Gray) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Drake; Fl. Polyn. Franc. 31 (1892)
= Catha vitiensis A.Gray; Bot. U. St. Expl. Exped. 1: 287. t. 23 (1854)
= Maytenus vitiensis (A.Gray) Ding Hou; Fl. Males., Ser. 1, 6: 242 (1963)
= Gymnosporia samoensis (Lauterb. & Loes.) Loes.; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 85: 304 (1910)
= Gymnosporia montana var. samoensis Lauterb. & Loes.
species :
Gymnosporia wallichiana
(Spreng.) M.A.Lawson; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 1: 621 (1875)
Distribution: Pakistan; India (West Bengal, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala); Bangladesh
40 BAN IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Catha wallichii G.Don; Gen. Syst. 2: 10 (1832)
= Celastrus buxifolius Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 18 (1814), nomen
= Celastrus buxifolius Wall.; Roxb. Hort. Bengal. 18 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] & Wall 2: 396(1824)
= Celastrus rigidus Wall.; Roxb. Fl. Ind. [Carey & Wallich ed.] 2: 396 (1824)
= Celastrus wallichianus Spreng.; Syst. 5: Index, 150 (1819)
= Celastrus wallichianus Spreng. ex Wight & Arn.; Prodr. Fl. Ind. Or. 1: 159 (1834)
= Euonymus rigidus Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. 1: 532 (1842)
= Gymnosporia wallichiana Spreng. ex Wight & Arn.; Prodr. 159 (1894)
= Maytenus wallichiana (Spreng. ex Wight & Arn.) D.C.S.Raju & Babu; Bull. Bot. Surv. Ind. 10: 349 (1969)
= Maytenus wallichii (G.Don) Bennet & K.C.Sahni; Indian Forester, 103(6): 387 (1977)
species :
Gymnosporia woodii
Szyszyl.; Pl. Rehmann. 2: 35 (1888)
Distribution: South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Gymnosporia crataegiflora Davidson; Bothalia 2: 314 (1927)
