489.0000 Family Rubiaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. 196 (1789), nom. cons.

589 genera, ca. 14.200 spp. mostly tropics, comparably few temperate. Phylogeny: Razafimandimbison & Rydin (2024)

Species listed in database: 14248; hybrids: 48

489.4044 Genus Galium L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 105 (1753)

Distribution: Cosmopolitan, but chiefly temp. regions. The genus remains polyphyletic and will need further split in the future. Sections Aparinoides, Depauperata, G. maximowiczii and G. paniculatum will be separate genera.

Species listed in database: 635; hybrids: 28

species :

Galium abaujense Borbás; Abaui-Torna Vármegye Fl. 444 (1896)

subspecies :

subsp. abaujense

Distribution: Slovakia; Hungary; C-Romania; Ukraine

11 HUN SLO 13 ROM 14 UKR

Remarks: sylvaticum agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium abaujense subsp. vertesense (Boros) Soó; Feddes Repert. 83: 168 (1972)

= Galium mollugo var. vertesense Boros; Bot. Közlem. 35: 317 (1928)

= Galium pycnotrichum var. vertesense (Boros) Michalk.; Biologia (Bratislava) 48: 48 (1993)

subspecies :

subsp. polonicum (Blocki) Soó; Feddes Repert. 83(3). 168 (1972)

Distribution: SE-Poland; Lithuania; NW-Ukraine

11 POL 14 LIT UKR

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium aristatum var. polonicum (Blocki) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2: 152 (1889)

= Galium carpaticum Klokov; Fl. URSR 10: 462 (1961)

= Galium ×polonicum Blocki; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 37: 189 (1887)

species :

Galium achurense Grossh.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 13: 25 (1950)

Distribution: Armenia; Azerbaijan

33 ARM AZE

species :

Galium acrispum (Dempster & Stebbins) Guilliams & Hasenstab; Phytoneuron 2024-69: 3 (2024)

Name: Santa Clemente Island bedstraw

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium catalinense subsp. acrispum Dempster & Stebbins; Univ. Calif Publ. Bot. 64: 11 (1973)

species :

Galium acrophyum Hochst. ex Chiov.; Ann. Bot. (Rome) 9: 69 (1911)

Distribution: ?Sudan; Ethiopia; Kenya; Tanzania

24 ETH 25 KEN TAN

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium hochstetteri Pic.Serm.; Webbia 7: 339 (1950)

= Galium simense Hochst. ex A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 344 (1848), nom. superfl.

= Galium simense var. hysophilum R.E.Fr.; Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Acad. Handl., III 25(5): 79 (1948)

= Galium simense var. keniense R.E.Fr.; Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Acad. Handl., III 25(5): 79 (1948)

species :

Galium acuminatum Ball; J. Bot. 11: 334 (1873)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

species :

Galium acutum Edgew.; Tr. L. S. 20: 61 (1846)

Distribution: ?China (?Sichuan, ?Yunnan); S-Tibet; Nepal; N-India (Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Uttarakhand)

36 TIB 40 IND NEP

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium asperifolium var. setosum Cufod.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 89: 240 (1940)

= Galium floribundum Jacquem. ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 3: 208 (1881), nom. illeg., non Sm.

variant :

var. himalayense (Klotzsch & Garcke) R.R.Mill; Edinburgh J. Bot. 53(2): 195 (1996)

Distribution: ?China (?Sichuan); Tibet; India (Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Uttarakhand)

36 TIB 40 IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium himalayense Klotzsch & Garcke; Bot. Ergebn. Reise Waldemar [Klotzsch & Garcke] 88 (1862)

species :

Galium adhaerens Boiss. & Balansa; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 2, 5: 106 (1856)

Distribution: Turkey (SSW-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Galium advenum Krendl; Bot. Chronika 6-7: 152 (1986-1987 publ. 1988)

Distribution: NW-Greece (incl. Lefkada); ?S-Albania

13 GRC

Remarks: incurvum agg.

species :

Galium aegeum (Stoj. & Kitanov) Ancev; Dokl. Bulg. Akad. Nauk 28(11): 1535 (1975)

Distribution: Bulgaria; NE-Greece (Thrakia, Mt. Falakron, Rodopi, Thasos)

13 BUL GRC

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium aegeum f. pubescens Ancev; Dokl. Bulg. Akad. Nauk 28: 1535 (1975)

= Galium decorum Krendl; Bot. Chronika 6-7: 133 (1986-1987 publ. 1988) (fide Strid 2024)

= Galium firmum subsp. aegeum Stoj. & Kitam.; God. Sofijsk. Univ. 42: 71 (1946)

species :

Galium aetnicum Biv.; Stirp. Rar. Sic. Descr. 4: 21 (1816)

Distribution: Sardinia; C- & S-Italy; Sicily

12 SAR 13 ITA SIC

Remarks: lucidum agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium aetnense C.Presl; Prodr. Fl. Sicul. 60 (1819)

= Galium cinereum var. aetnense (C.Presl) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2: 152 (1889)

= Galium lucidum var. aetnicum (Biv.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 325 (1879)

= Galium trinacrium Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 238 (1818)

species :

Galium afropusillum Ehrend.; Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Abt. 1, 169: 414 (1960)

Distribution: Tunisia

20 TUN

species :

Galium aladaghense Parolly; Willdenowia 25(1): 244 (1995)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Galium albescens Hook.f.; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 6: 462b (1847)

Distribution: Australia (Tasmania)

50 AUS

species :

Galium alboflorum S.S.Ying; New Taxa New Names 4: 34 (2022)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Galium album Mill.; Gard. Dict. ed. 8, no. 7 (1768)

subspecies :

subsp. album

Name: White bedstraw (EN), Weißes Wiesen-Labkraut (DE)

Distribution: Iceland [I]; England; Ireland [I]; Denmark; Norway [I]; Sweden [I]; Finland [I]; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; NW-European Russia; W-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Siberia (W-Siberia); USA [I] (Connecticut [I])

10 DEN fin GRB ice ire nor swe 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO ITA ROM SIC SLV SMA 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT RUS UKR 20 ALG LBY MOR TUN 30 SIB 75 usa

Remarks: mollugo agg. Assignment of the synonyms is tentative. The species was often combined with G. mollugo.

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium album var. praticola (Heinr.Braun) Michalk.; Biologia (Bratislava) 48: 48 (1993)

= Galium beckhausianum G.H.Loos; Jahrb. Bochum. Bot. Vereins 1: 121 (2010)

= Galium dumetorum Jord.; Mém. Acad. Sci. Lyon, Sect. Sci. 1: 78 (1852)

= Galium elatum subsp. erectum Berher; Louis, Fl. Vosges, éd. 2: ? (1887)

= Galium elatum Thuill.; Fl. Env. Paris, ed. 2: 76 (1799), nom. illeg.

= Galium elatum var. dumetorum (Jord.) Rouy; Bull. Assoc. Franç. Bot. 5: 147 (1902)

= Galium erectum Huds.; Fl. Angl., ed. 2: 68 (1778), nom. illeg.

= Galium gerardi var. hosmariense Pau; Mem. Real Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 335 (1924), nomen

= Galium gerardi var. parviflorum Pau; Mem. Real Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 335 (1924)

= Galium lucidum var. guilhelmi Pau & Sennen; Diagn. Nouv. 192 (1936)

= Galium mixtum Stranski; Sborn. Balg. Akad. Nauk., Klon Prir.-Mat. 6: 134 (1921)

= Galium mollugo f. brevifrons Borbás & Heinr.Braun; Heinr. Braun, 164 (1892)

= Galium mollugo f. hypotrichum Heinr.Braun; 199 (1892)

= Galium mollugo f. levicaule Heinr.Braun; 199 (1892)

= Galium mollugo f. longifolium Kucowa; Pawl., 324, 311 (1967)

= Galium mollugo f. praeflorens Hayek; Hayek & Hegi, 213 (1914)

= Galium mollugo f. pubescens (Schrad.) Heinr.Braun; 132 (1892)

= Galium mollugo f. sepivagum Heinr.Braun; 198 (1892)

= Galium mollugo f. subpubescens Heinr.Braun; 162 (1892)

= Galium mollugo f. talenceanum (Gand.) Heinr.Braun; 164 (1892)

= Galium mollugo f. umbrosum Beckh.; Fl. Westfalen 509 (1893)

= Galium mollugo subsp. album (Mill.) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 32: 185 (2000)

= Galium mollugo subsp. dumetorum (Jord.) E.Baumann; 456 (1911)

= Galium mollugo subsp. elatum (Thuill.) Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 313 (1868)

= Galium mollugo subsp. elatum (Thuill.) Syme; 218 (1865)

= Galium mollugo subsp. erectum Syme; Sm., Engl. Bot., ed. 3B 4: 217 (1865)

= Galium mollugo subsp. scabrum With. ex Hook.f.; 178 (1870)

= Galium mollugo subvar. brevifrons (Borbás & Heinr.Braun) Hayek; Hayek & Hegi, 213 (1914)

= Galium mollugo subvar. levicaule (Heinr.Braun) Hayek; Hayek & Hegi, 213 (1914)

= Galium mollugo subvar. pubescens (Schrad.) Hayek; Hayek & Hegi, 213 (1914)

= Galium mollugo subvar. subpubescens (Heinr.Braun) Hayek; Hayek & Hegi, 213 (1914)

= Galium mollugo var. angustifolium Leers; Fl. Herborn. 53 (1775), nom. inval.

= Galium mollugo var. angustifolium Roth; 65 (1788), nom. inval., et 182 (1789)

= Galium mollugo var. angustifolium Wallr.; 55 (1822), nom. illeg.

= Galium mollugo var. bakeri Syme; 218 (1865)

= Galium mollugo var. boraeanum Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 15 (1903)

= Galium mollugo var. dumetorum (Jord.) Heinr.Braun; 199 (1892)

= Galium mollugo var. dumetorum (Jord.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 14 (1903)

= Galium mollugo var. elatum (Thuill.) DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 596 (1830)

= Galium mollugo var. elatum (Thuill.) Tinant; Fl. Luxemb. 89 (1836), isonym

= Galium mollugo var. erectum (Wender.) Wirtg.; 92 (1841)

= Galium mollugo var. erectum Asch.; Fl. Brandenburg 1: 278 (1864)

= Galium mollugo var. glabratum Schltdl.; Fl. Berol. 1: 103 (1823)

= Galium mollugo var. guilhelmii (Pau & Sennen) Maire; Jahand. et al., Cat. Pl. Maroc 4: 1134 (1941)

= Galium mollugo var. hirtum Döll; 450 (1843)

= Galium mollugo var. hosmariense Pau ex Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 22: 294 (1931)

= Galium mollugo var. hypotrichum (Heinr.Braun) Hayek; Hayek & Hegi, 213 (1914)

= Galium mollugo var. latifolium Leers; 53 (1775), nom. inval.

= Galium mollugo var. latifolium Roth; 65 (1788), nom. inval., et 182 (1789)

= Galium mollugo var. latifolium Wallr.; Sched. Crit. 55 (1822), nom. illeg.

= Galium mollugo var. mixtum (Stranski) Stoj. & Stef.; Fl. Bulg. 2: 1050 (1925)

= Galium mollugo var. nevadense Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 313 (1868)

= Galium mollugo var. parviflorum (Pau) Maire; Jahand. et al., Cat. Pl. Maroc 3: 713 (1934)

= Galium mollugo var. praticola Heinr.Braun; Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 42: 196 (1892)

= Galium mollugo var. pubescens Schltdl.; Fl. Berol. 1: 103 (1823)

= Galium mollugo var. scabrum Schrad.; 16 (1794)

= Galium mollugo var. sericeum Wirtg.; 92 (1841)

= Galium mollugo var. umbrosum (Gren. & Godr.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 14 (1903), nom. illeg.

= Galium mollugo var. umbrosum Jess.; Deut. Excursions-Fl. 84 (1879)

= Galium patzkeanum G.H.Loos; Jahrb. Bochum. Bot. Vereins 1: 121 (2010), nom. nov.

= Galium sphenophyllum Klokov; Fl. URSR 10: 465 (1961)

= Galium sylvestre Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 1: 104 (1771)

subspecies :

subsp. amani Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 133(1-2): 109 (1979)

Distribution: European Turkey; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Lebanon (C-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, W-Syrian Mountains)

13 TUE 34 LEB SYR TUR

subspecies :

subsp. prusense (K.Koch) Ehrend. & Krendl; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 68: 270 (1974)

Distribution: Bulgaria; Crimea; Georgia [Caucasus]; Turkey

13 BUL 14 KRY 33 GEO 34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium fagetorum Klokov; Fl. URSR 10: 466 (1961)

= Galium fasciculatum Klokov; Fl. URSR 10: 467 (1961)

= Galium juzepczukii Pobed.; Fl. URSS 23: 719 (1958)

= Galium mollugo var. anatolicum K.Koch; Linnaea 19: 31 (1846)

= Galium prusense K.Koch; Linnaea 24: 466 (1851)

= Galium zelenetzkii Klokov; Fl. URSR 10: 470 (1961)

subspecies :

subsp. pycnotrichum (Heinr.Braun) Krendl; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 114: 539 (1967)

Name: Behaartes Weißes Wiesen-Labkraut (DE)

Distribution: Germany (Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland, Sachsen-Anhalt); Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Slovenia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; ?Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Greece (rare NE-Greece, NC-Greece, Thasos, Mt. Athos); Turkey

11 AUT CZE GER HUN POL SLO 13 ALB BIH GRC KOS NMA SLV SRB 34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium album f. pubescens (Schrad.) Ancev; Dokl. Bulg. Akad. Nauk 28: 1535 (1975)

= Galium album var. petraeum (Schur) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 23: 381 (1977 publ. 1978), nom. illeg.

= Galium firmum var. euboeum Halácsy; Consp. Fl. Graec. 1: 712 (1901)

= Galium mollugo f. pycnotrichum Heinr.Braun; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 42: 132 (1892)

= Galium mollugo subsp. pycnotrichum (Heinr.Braun) O.Schwarz; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges. 1: 117 (1949)

= Galium mollugo subvar. pycnotrichum (Heinr.Braun) Hayek; Hayek & Hegi, 213 (1914)

= Galium mollugo var. petraeum Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 283 (1866)

= Galium mollugo var. pubescens Schrad.; Spic. Fl. Germ. 16 (1794)

= Galium pycnotrichum (Heinr.Braun) A.Kern.; A. Kern., 70 (1893)

= Galium pycnotrichum (Heinr.Braun) Borbás; Fl. Austro-Hung. 6: 70 (1893)

subspecies :

subsp. suberectum (Klokov) E.Michálk.; Biología, Bot. (Czechoslovakia) 48(1): 48 (1993)

Distribution: ?European Russia; Ukraine

14 UKR

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium suberectum Klokov; Fl. URSR 10: 463 (1961)

species :

Galium amatymbicum Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. [Ecklon & Zeyher] 370 (1837)

Distribution: South Africa (E-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

species :

Galium ambiguum W.Wight; Zoe 5: 55 (1900), nom. illeg.

subspecies :

subsp. ambiguum

Name: Yolla Bolly bedstraw

Distribution: USA (California, Oregon)

73 USA 76 USA

subspecies :

subsp. siskiyouense (Ferris) Dempster & Stebbins; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 46: 17 (1968), nom. illeg.

Name: Siskiyou bedstraw

Distribution: USA (California, Oregon)

73 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium ambiguum var. siskiyouense Ferris; Contr. Dudley Herb. 4: 337 (1955), nom. inval.

species :

Galium amblyophyllum Schrenk ex Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Enum. Pl. Nov. 1: 56 (1841)

Distribution: Siberia (Altai); Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Mongolia

30 SIB 32 KAZ KGZ TZK 37 MON

species :

Galium amorginum Halácsy; Consp. Fl. Graec. 1: 712 (1901)

Distribution: Greece (Kiklades: Naxos, Kinaros, Folegandros, Sikinos, Ios, Keros, Amorgos); East Aegaean Isl. (Karpathos)

13 GRC 34 EAI

Remarks: incurvum agg.

species :

Galium amurense Pobed.; Fl. URSS 23: 716 (1958)

Distribution: Siberia (Khabarovsk); Russian Far East (Amur, Chita, Primorye)

30 SIB 31 RFE

Remarks: often included in G. boreale

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium boreale var. amurense (Pobed.) Kitag.; Neolin. Fl. Manshur. 581 (1979)

species :

Galium andrewsii A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 6: 537 (1864 publ. 1865)

subspecies :

subsp. andrewsii

Name: Andrews´ bedstraw

Distribution: USA (California, Oregon); Mexico (Baja California Norte)

73 USA 76 USA 79 MEX

subspecies :

subsp. gatense (Dempster) Dempster & Stebbins; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 46: 12 (1968)

Name: Serpentine bedstraw

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium andrewsii var. gatense Dempster; Brittonia 10: 186 (1958)

subspecies :

subsp. intermedium Dempster & Stebbins; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 46: 13 (1968)

Name: Phloxleaf bedstraw

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

species :

Galium andringitrense Homolle ex Puff; Pl. Syst. Evol. 140: 61 (1982)

Distribution: Madagascar

29 MDG

species :

Galium anfractum Sommier & Levier; Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital., Ser. II. 3: 29 (1894)

Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]

33 GEO

species :

Galium anguineum Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 174: 200 (1991)

Distribution: NE-Iraq; C-Iran; W-Iran

34 IRN IRQ

species :

Galium angulosum A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 11: 74 (1876)

Distribution: Isla Guadalupe

79 GLP

species :

Galium angustifolium Nutt.; Torr. & A. Gray, Fl. N. Am. 2: 22 (1841)

subspecies :

subsp. angustifolium

Name: Narrowleaf bedstraw

Distribution: USA (California); Mexico (Baja California Norte)

76 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium angustifolium var. bernardinum Hilend & J.T.Howell; Leafl. W. Bot. 1: 135 (1934)

= Galium angustifolium var. diffusum Hilend & J.T.Howell; Leafl. W. Bot. 1: 135 (1934)

= Galium angustifolium var. siccatum (W.Wight) Hilend & J.T.Howell; Leafl. W. Bot. 1: 135 (1934)

= Galium siccatum W.Wight; Zoe 5: 54 (1900)

= Galium trichocarpum Nutt.; Fl. N. Amer. 2(1): 22 (1841), nom. illeg.

subspecies :

subsp. borregoense Dempster & Stebbins; Madroño 21(2): 88 (1971)

Name: Borrego bedstraw

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

subspecies :

subsp. foliosum (Hilend & J.T.Howell) Dempster & Stebbins; Madroño 21(2): 89 (1971)

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium angustifolium var. foliosum Hilend & J.T.Howell; Leafl. W. Bot. 1: 134 (1934)

subspecies :

subsp. gabrielense (Munz & I.M.Johnst.) Dempster & Stebbins; Madroño 21(2): 90 (1971)

Name: San Antonio Canyon bedstraw

Distribution: USA (California); Mexico (Baja California Norte)

76 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium gabrielense Munz & I.M.Johnst.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 51: 299 (1924)

= Galium siccatum var. anotinum Jeps.; Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. [Jepson] 962 (1925)

subspecies :

subsp. gracillimum Dempster & Stebbins; Madroño 21(2): 90 (1971)

Name: Slender bedstraw

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

subspecies :

subsp. jacinticum Dempster & Stebbins; Madroño 21(2): 92 (1971)

Name: San Jacinto bedstraw

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

subspecies :

subsp. nudicaule Dempster & Stebbins; Madroño 21(2): 94 (1971)

Name: Narrowleaf bedstraw

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

subspecies :

subsp. onycense (Dempster) Dempster & Stebbins; Madroño 21(2): 94 (1971)

Name: Onyx Peak bedstraw

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium angustifolium var. onycense Dempster; Brittonia 10: 189 (1958)

species :

Galium angustissimum (Hausskn. ex Bornm.) Ehrend.; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 56: 229 (1948)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia)

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium mite var. angustissimum Hausskn. ex Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 58B: 295 (1938)

species :

Galium anisophyllon Vill.; Prosp. 20, Hist. Pl. Dauphiné [Villars] 2: 317 bis. (1779)

subspecies :

subsp. anisophyllon

Name: Ungleichblättriges Labkraut, Alpen-Labkraut (DE)

Distribution: Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Slovakia; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Serbia; Kosovo; Romania; Bulgaria; Ukraine

11 AUT GER LIE POL SLO SWI 12 FRA 13 BIH BUL CRO ITA KOS ROM SLV SRB 14 UKR

Remarks: pusillum agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium alpestre Gaudin ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg. ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 225 (1818)

= Galium anisophyllum var. hirtellum (Briq.) Hayek; Hayek & Hegi, 219 (1914)

= Galium argenteum Rchb. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 327 (1879)

= Galium aureum subsp. umbellulatum (Velen.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2: 154 (1889)

= Galium bocconei All.; Auct. Syn. Meth. Stirp. Hort. Regii Taur. 6 (1773)

= Galium bocconei J.F.Gmel.; Syst. Nat., ed. 13[bis] 238 (1791), nom. illeg.

= Galium bocconei var. micranthum Duby; Bot. Gall., ed. 2, 1: 249 (1828)

= Galium commune proles alpestre (Gaudin ex Roem. & Schult.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 35 (1903)

= Galium commune f. alpestre (Gaudin ex Roem. & Schult.) Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 49: 145 (1902)

= Galium commune subsp. anisophyllon (Vill.) Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 49: 144 (1902)

= Galium commune subvar. rubriflorum Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 49: 144 (1902)

= Galium commune var. oxyphyllum (Wallr.) Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 49: 143 (1902)

= Galium decipiens var. pubescens Roth; Enum. Pl. Phaen. Germ. 1(1): 478 (1827), nom. superfl.

= Galium ehrendorferi Á.Löve & D.Löve; Bot. Not. 114: 42 (1961), nom. superfl.

= Galium glabrum var. anisophyllon (Vill.) Pohl; Tent. Fl. Bohem. 1: 139 (1809)

= Galium multicaule Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 4: 33 (1853), nom. illeg.

= Galium multicaule var. eriophyllum Wallr.; Sched. Crit. 55 (1822)

= Galium multicaule var. oxyphyllum Wallr.; Sched. Crit. 55 (1822)

= Galium multicaule var. polyphyllum Wallr.; Sched. Crit. 54 (1822)

= Galium pumilum subsp. alpestre (Gaudin ex Roem. & Schult.) Schinz & Thell.; Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 58: 84 (1913)

= Galium pumilum subsp. anisophyllon (Vill.) Dostál; Kvetena CSR: 1379 (1949)

= Galium pumilum subsp. tenue (Vill.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 36 (1903)

= Galium pusillum subsp. tenue (Vill.) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France 141 (1894)

= Galium sylvestre f. bocconei (All.) Lindm.; Sv. Fanerogamfl. 507 (1918)

= Galium sylvestre subsp. alpestre (Gaudin ex Roem. & Schult.) Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 429 (1828)

= Galium sylvestre subsp. anisophyllon (Vill.) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France 141 (1894)

= Galium sylvestre subsp. bocconei (All.) Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 430 (1828)

= Galium sylvestre subsp. bocconei (All.) Schübl. & G.Martens; 101 (1834)

= Galium sylvestre subsp. puberulum Christ ex Gremli; Excursionsfl. Schweiz, Ed. 2: 218 (1874)

= Galium sylvestre subsp. supinum Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 429 (1828)

= Galium sylvestre var. alpestre (Gaudin ex Roem. & Schult.) Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 429 (1828)

= Galium sylvestre var. alpestre (Gaudin ex Roem. & Schult.) Wimm. & Grab.; 126 (1827)

= Galium sylvestre var. alpestre Rhiner; 179 (1894), nom. inval.

= Galium sylvestre var. anisophyllon (Vill.) Prantl; 468 (1884)

= Galium sylvestre var. bocconei (All.) Boenn.; Prodr. Fl. Monast. Westphal. 43 (1824)

= Galium sylvestre var. bocconei Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 327 (1879), nom. illeg.

= Galium sylvestre var. bocconii Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 327 (1879)

= Galium sylvestre var. pygmaeum Mert. & W.D.J.Koch; Deutschl. Fl. [Röhling] ed. 3, 1: 792 (1823)

= Galium tenue Vill.; Prosp. Hist. Pl. Dauphiné [Villars] 20 (1779)

= Galium umbellatum var. oxyphyllum (Wallr.) Rouy; Bull. Assoc. Franç. Bot. 5: 141 (1902)

= Galium umbellulatum Velen.; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. Prag, Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. 1888(2): 37 (1889)

subspecies :

subsp. plebeium (Boiss. & Heldr.) Ehrend.; Mountain Fl. Greece [Strid] 2: 323 (1991)

Distribution: North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; Greece (rare mountains of N-Greece, Samothraki)

13 ALB BUL GRC NMA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium anisophyllon var. plebeium (Boiss. & Heldr.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 3: 55 (1875)

= Galium plebeium Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 2, 2: 116 (1856)

= Galium sylvestre var. plebeium (Boiss. & Heldr.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 327 (1879)

species :

Galium ankaratrense Homolle ex Puff; Pl. Syst. Evol. 140(1): 67 (1982)

Distribution: Madagascar

29 MDG

species :

Galium antarcticum Hook.f.; Fl. Antarct. 303 (bis) (1846)

Distribution: Argentina (Santa Cruz, Tierra del Fuego); Chile (Aisén, Magallanes); Macquarie Isl.; Falkland Isl.; South Georgia Isl.

85 ARG CLE 91 FAL MAQ SGE

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium debile Banks & Sol. ex Hook.f.; Fl. Antarct. 303 (bis) (1846)

= Galium trifidum d´Urv.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 4: 612 (1826)

species :

Galium antitauricum Ehrend.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 375 (1958)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Galium antuneziae Dempster; Madroño 35(1): 1 (1988)

Distribution: Peru

83 PER

species :

Galium aparine L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 108 (1753)

Name: Kleb-Labkraut, Kletten-Labkraut (DE); Stickywilly (EN); Raspilla cuajaleches (ES)

Distribution: Svalbard [I]; England; Ireland; Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; Gibraltar; Baleares; France; Channel Isl.; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Malta; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread, incl. almost all islands); Crete; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; NW-European Russia; W-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Azores (Santa Maria Isl., Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Graciosa, Sao Jorge, Pico, Faial, Flores Isl.); Madeira (Madeira Isl., Porto Santo Isl.); Islas Selvagens; Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma Isl.); Cape Verde Isl. (Santo Antao Isl., Ilha de Sao Tiago, Fogo Isl.); Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo] [I]; La Réunion [I]; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos, Kastellorhizo Isl.); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Iran (N-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Baghlan, Samangan, Takhar); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria (NW-Syria, Jbel Druze, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, N-Negev Desert, Negev Desert); Jordania (E-Jordania, S-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (Asir); China [I]; South Korea [I]; Pakistan; Nepal; N-India (Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttarakhand); Australia [I] (South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); New Zealand [I]; Chatham Isl. [I]; Alaska; Greenland; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Québec, Saskatchewan); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, Montana, North Carolina, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, Nevada, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Vermont, Washington State, Wisconsin, West Virginia, Wyoming); Mexico [I]; Isla Guadalupe [I]; Guatemala [I]; Dominican Republic [I]; Haiti [I]; Colombia [I]; Venezuela [I]; Ecuador [I]; Peru [I]; Bolivia [I]; Paraguay [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Arica y Parinacota [I], Tarapacá [I], Antofagasta [I], Atacama [I], Coquimbo [I], Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], O´Higgins [I], Maule [I], Ñuble [I], Biobío [I], Araucanía [I], Los Rios [I], Los Lagos [I], Aisén [I], Magallanes [I]); Juan Fdz. Isl. [I]

10 DEN FIN GRB IRE NOR sva SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO BAL CIS COR FRA GIB POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MLT MNT NMA PEL PTL ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT RUS UKR 20 ALG LBY MOR TUN 21 AZO CNY CVI MDR SEL 23 bio 29 reu 30 SIB 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 GEO NCS 34 AFG CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR 35 SAU 36 chi 38 kor 40 IND NEP PAK 50 aus 51 ctm nzl 70 ASK GNL 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 glp mex 80 gua 81 his 82 clm ven 83 bol ecu per 85 arg cle jnf par

Synonyms: hidden

= Aparine hispida Moench; Methodus [Moench] 640 (1794), nom. superfl.

= Aparine vulgaris Hill; Herb. Brit. 2: 149 (1770)

= Asperula aparine (L.) Besser; Prim. Fl. Galiciae Austriac. 1: 114 (1809), nom. superfl.

= Asperula aparine var. aparine (L.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 332 (1879), nom. inval. Galion aparinum (L.) St.-Lag., Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 113 (1880)

= Asterophyllum aparine (L.) K.F.Schimp. & Spenn.; F. C. L. Spenner, Fl. Friburg. 3: 1077 (1829)

= Crucianella purpurea Wulff ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 448 (1840)

= Galium aculeatissimum Kit. ex Kanitz; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 13: 548 (1863)

= Galium adhaerens Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 13 (1782), opus utique oppr.

= Galium aparine f. hirsutum (Beckm.) Kucowa; Pawl., 323 (1967), nom. illeg.

= Galium aparine f. intermedium (Mérat) R.J.Moore; Canad. J. Bot. 53: 881 (1975)

= Galium aparine subsp. agreste P.D.Sell; Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland 4: 530 (2006)

= Galium aparine var. agreste P.D.Sell; Fl. Great Britain & Ireland 4: 530 (2006)

= Galium aparine var. fructibushispidis Franch.; Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Sér. 2, 6: 36 (1883)

= Galium aparine var. hirsutum Mert. & W.D.J.Koch; Deutschl. Fl. [Röhling] ed. 3, 1: 774 (1823)

= Galium aparine var. intermedium (Mérat) Bonnet; Petite Fl. Paris. 191 (1883)

= Galium aparine var. marinum Fr.; Novit. Fl. Suec. Alt. 24 (1828)

= Galium aparine var. microphyllum Clos; Gay

= Galium aparine var. minor Hook.; Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 290 (1833)

= Galium aparine var. pseudoaparine (Griseb.) Speg.; Rev. Agron. Univ. Nac. La Plata 3: 526 (1897)

= Galium aparine var. subglabrum Peterm.; Fl. Lips. Excurs. 122 (1838)

= Galium aparine var. thalassicum Beurl.; Bot. Not. 1854: 137 (1854)

= Galium aparine var. verum Wimm. & Grab.; 119 (1827), nom. inval.

= Galium asperum Honck.; Verz. Gew. Teutschl. 423 (1782), nom. illeg.

= Galium australe Reiche; Fl. Chile 3: 149 (1900), nom. superfl.

= Galium borbonicum var. makianum Cordem.; Fl. Réunion [Cordemoy] 518 (1895)

= Galium charoides Rusby; Phytologia 1: 80 (1934)

= Galium chilense Hook.f.; Fl. Antarct. 2: 302(bis) (1846)

= Galium chonosense Clos; Fl. Chil. [Gay] 3: 189 (1848), nom. superfl.

= Galium hispidum Willd.; Enum. Pl. [Willdenow] 154 (1809)

= Galium horridum Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. [Ecklon & Zeyher] 370 (1837), nom. illeg.

= Galium intermedium Mérat; Nouv. Fl. Env. Paris, ed. 3, 2: 255 (1831), nom. superfl.

= Galium lappaceum Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 59 (1796), nom. superfl.

= Galium larecajense Wernham; J. Bot. 50: 244 (1912)

= Galium parviflorum Maxim.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 9: 472 (1859), nom. illeg.

= Galium pseudoaparine Griseb.; Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 25 (1854)

= Galium segetum K.Koch; Linnaea 17: 33 (1843)

= Galium tenerrimum Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 279 (1866)

= Galium uliginosum Thunb.; Fl. Jap. 58 (1784), nom. illeg.

= Galium uncinatum Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 484 (1821 publ. 1822)

= Rubia aparine (L.) Baill.; Hist. Pl. 7: 373 (1880)

species :

Galium aparinoides Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 30 (1775)

Distribution: Ethiopia; Eritrea; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Saudi Arabia (Asir); Yemen (W-Yemen)

24 ERI ETH 25 KEN TAN UGA 35 SAU YEM

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium aparine var. hamatum (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Hook.f.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 6: 11 (1861)

= Galium hamatum Hochst. ex A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 345 (1847)

= Galium trachycaypum Clarke; Trav. 2: 260 (1812)

species :

Galium araucanum Phil.; Anales Univ. Chile 85: 731 (1894)

Distribution: Chile (Coquimbo, Valparaíso, Metropolitana de Santiago, O´Higgins, Maule, Ñuble, Biobío, Araucanía, Los Lagos, Aisén, Magallanes)

85 CLE

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium suffruticosum var. araucanum (Phil.) Reiche; Fl. Chile 3: 147 (1902)

species :

Galium arenarium Loisel.; Fl. Gall. 85 (1806)

Name: Sand-Labkraut (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; N-Spain (Cantabrian coast); SW-France

11 ger 12 FRA SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium hierosolymitanum Thore; Essai Chloris 40 (1803), nom. illeg.

= Galium megalospermum var. hierosolymithanum Thore ex Lam. & DC.; Fl. Franc., ed. 3, 4: 249 (1805)

= Galium mollugo var. arenarium (Loisel.) Dumort.; Fl. Belg. [Dumortier] 56 (1827)

species :

Galium arequipicum Dempster; Allertonia 5: 318 (1990)

Distribution: Peru

83 PER

species :

Galium aretioides Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 3: 42 (1843)

Distribution: Turkey (SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Galium argense Dempster & Ehrend.; Brittonia 17: 307 (1965)

Name: Argus bedstraw

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

species :

Galium aristatum L.; Sp. Pl., ed. 2 [Linnaeus] 152 (1762)

Name: Grannen-Labkraut (DE), Awned bedstraw (EN)

Distribution: Germany (Bayern); Switzerland; Austria; France; SW-France; Italy; Croatia; Belarus [I]; USA [I] (New York [I])

11 AUT GER SWI 12 FRA 13 CRO ITA 14 blr 75 usa

Remarks: sylvaticum agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Asperula papillosa A.Kern. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 325 (1879)

= Galium aristatum f. brevifolium Bolzon; Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1911: 60 (1911)

= Galium aristatum var. scabriusculum W.D.J.Koch; 333 (1836)

= Galium aristatum var. transsilvanicum (Schur) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 325 (1879)

= Galium bericum Turra; Giorn. Italia Sci. Nat. 1: 119 (1765)

= Galium erectum var. transsilvanicum (Schur) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2: 152 (1889)

= Galium laevigatum var. aristatum (L.) Gren.; Fl. France [Grenier] 2: 21 (1850)

= Galium linifolium Mill.; Gard. Dict. ed. 8.: no. 8 (1768)

= Galium mollugo var. aristatum (L.) Duby; Bot. Gall., ed. 2, 1: 249 (1828)

= Galium stenophyllum Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 283 (1866), pro syn.

= Galium sylvaticum Besser; Prim. Fl. Galiciae Austriac. 1: 219 (1809), nom. illeg.

= Galium sylvaticum subsp. aristatum (L.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 23 (1903)

= Galium transsilvanicum Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 4: 33 (1853)

species :

Galium arkansanum A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 19: 80 (1883)

Name: Arkansas bedstraw

Distribution: USA (Arkansas, Missouri, Oklahoma)

74 USA 75 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium arkansanum var. pubiflorum E.B.Sm.; Brittonia 31(2): 281 (1979)

species :

Galium armenum Schanzer; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 82: 126 (1997)

Distribution: Armenia

33 ARM

species :

Galium ascendens Willd. ex Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 390 (1825)

Distribution: Colombia (Cundinamarca, Meta)

82 CLM

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium scabrum (Kunth) Wedd.; Chlor. Andina 39 (1857)

= Rubia scabra Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 3: 340 (1818)

species :

Galium aschenbornii S.Schauer; Linnaea 20: 701 (1847)

Distribution: Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chiapas, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Zacatecas); Guatemala; El Salvador; Honduras; Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia (Antioquia, Cauca, Cundinamarca, Nariño); Ecuador

79 MEX 80 COS ELS GUA HON PAN 82 CLM 83 ECU

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium flaccidum Wedd.; Chlor. Andina 2: 39 (1859), nom. illeg.

= Galium fraseri Wernham; J. Bot. 50: 244 (1912)

= Galium galeottianum Walp.; Repert. 6: 17 (1846)

= Galium geminiflorum M.Martens & Galeotti; Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 11(1): 126 (1844), nom. illeg.

= Galium uropetalum Hemsl.; Biol. Cent.-Amer., Bot. 2: 66 (1881)

= Relbunium aschenbornii (S.Schauer) Hemsl.; Biol. Cent.-Amer., Bot. 2: 62 (1881)

= Rubia acuminata M.Martens & Galeotti; Bull. Acad. Roy. Belg. ll(1): 127 (1844)

= Rubia debilis Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 3: 340 (1819), non Galium debile Desv. (1818)

species :

Galium asparagifolium Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 3(6): 91 (1859)

Distribution: North Macedonia; Greece (mountains of N- & C-Greece, Peloponnisos); East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos); Turkey (W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia)

13 GRC NMA 34 EAI TUR

Remarks: incurvum agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium aureum subvar. asparagifolium (Boiss. & Heldr.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 328 (1879)

= Galium aureum var. asparagifolium (Boiss. & Heldr.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 3: 62 (1875)

= Galium rigidifolium Krendl; Bot. Chronika 6-7: 124 (1986-1987 publ. 1988)

species :

Galium asperifolium Wall.; Fl. Ind. [Carey & Wallich ed.] 1: 381 (1820)

Distribution: China (Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan); Tibet; Pakistan (Chitral, Swat, Dir, Hazara, Kurram, Murree); Nepal; India (Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Manipur, Meghalaya, Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Myanmar; Thailand

36 CHI TIB 40 BAN IND NEP PAK SRL 41 MYA THA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium asperifolium var. obovatum Nazim.; Fl. Pakistan 190: 83 (1989)

= Galium lividum Jacquem. ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 3: 207 (1881), pro syn.

= Galium mollugo subsp. asperifolium (Wall.) Kitam.; Fauna Fl. Nepal Himalaya 230 (1955)

= Galium parviflorum D.Don; Prodr. Fl. Nep. 207 (1825)

= Galium pseudohirtiflorum H.Li; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18(1): 117 (1980)

variant :

var. lasiocarpum W.C.Chen; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 28(4): 303-304 (1990)

Distribution: China (Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan)

36 CHI

variant :

var. sikkimense (Gand.) Cufod.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 89: 241 (1940)

Distribution: China (Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan); Tibet; Pakistan; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Sikkim, Chumbi); Sri Lanka; Myanmar

36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP PAK SRL 41 MYA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium cavaleriei H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 438 (1912)

= Galium esquirolii H.Lév.; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 25: 48 (1915)

= Galium sikkimense Gand.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 66: 307 (1919 publ. 1920)

variant :

var. verrucifructum Cufod.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 89: 241 (1940)

Distribution: China (Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); Tibet

36 CHI TIB

species :

Galium asperuloides Edgew.; Tr. L. S. 20: 61 (1846)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Kunar / Nuristan, Nangarhar); ?Tibet; Pakistan (Chitral, Swat, Dir, Kurram, Hazara); Nepal; N-India (Himachal Pradesh, Kashmir, Uttarakhand)

34 AFG 40 IND NEP PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Asperula consanguinea Klotzsch; B. Reise Pr. Waldem. 87, t. 74 (1862)

= Galium triflorum Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 3: 205 (1881), non Michx., 1803.

species :

Galium asprellum Michx.; Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 78 (1803)

Name: Rough bedstraw

Distribution: Canada (New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Québec); USA (Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, North Carolina, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Virginia, Vermont, Wisconsin, West Virginia)

72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium micranthum Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 1:: 103 (1814), nom. illeg.

= Galium pennsylvanicum Muhl. ex Schult.; Roem. & Schult., Mant. 3: 183 (1827), nom. illeg.

= Galium spinulosum Raf.; Précis Découv. Somiol. 40 (1814), nom. illeg.

species :

Galium atherodes Spreng.; Syst. Nat., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 4(2, Cur. Post.): 39 (1827)

Distribution: S-Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Cordillera, Guaira, Paraguari); Uruguay (Rivera); Argentina (Misiones, Santa Fe)

84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium ericoides var. atherodes (Spreng.) Cham. & Schltdl.; Linnaea 3: 226 (1828)

= Galium filiforme Larrañaga; Escr. D. A. Larrañaga 2. 61 (1923)

= Relbunium atherodes (Spreng.) K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 107 (1889)

= Rubia uruguayensis Arechav.; Anal. Mus. Montevideo 6: 85 (1907)

species :

Galium atlanticum Ball; J. Bot. 11: 334 (1873)

Distribution: Morocco; ?Algeria

20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium murbeckii Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afr. Nord 12: 44 (1921)

= Galium pumilum subsp. atlanticum (Ball) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 15: 99 (1924)

= Galium pumilum var. laxissimum Maire; Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 15: 36 (1927)

= Galium pumilum var. mesatlanticum Maire; Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 15: 36 (1927)

= Galium sylvestre var. atlanticum (Ball) Ball; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 485 (1878)

species :

Galium aucheri Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 3: 40 (1843)

Distribution: Iran (N-Iran, C-Iran)

34 IRN

species :

Galium auratum Klokov; Fl. URSR 10: 469 (1961)

Distribution: Crimea

14 KRY

species :

Galium australe DC.; Prod. 4: 608 (1830)

Distribution: Australia (South Australia, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania)

50 AUS

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium australe var. pilosohispidum Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 3: 447 (1867)

= Galium squalidum Hook.f.; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 6: 462b (1847)

species :

Galium austriacum Jacq.; Fl. Austriac. [Jacquin] 1: 51 (1773)

Name: Österreicher Labkraut

Distribution: Austria; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; ?Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina

11 AUT CZE HUN SLO 13 BIH CRO SLV

Remarks: pusillum agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium austriacum subsp. balatonense (Borbás) Ehrend. ex Soó; Feddes Repert. 83: 168 (1972)

= Galium austriacum var. balatonense Borbás; Exsicc. (Herb. Europ.) 1893: 7305 (1893)

= Galium decipiens var. glabrum Roth; Enum. Pl. Phaen. Germ. 1(1): 478 (1827), nom. superfl.

= Galium decipiens var. hispidum Roth; Enum. Pl. Phaen. Germ. 1(1): 478 (1827)

= Galium sylvestre var. austriacum (Jacq.) Boenn.; Prodr. Fl. Monast. Westphal. 43 (1824)

= Galium sylvestre var. austriacum (Jacq.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 327 (1879), isonym

species :

Galium azerbayjanicum Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 174(3-4): 202 (1991)

Distribution: Azerbaijan; NW-Iran

33 AZE 34 IRN

species :

Galium azuayicum Dempster; Allertonia 3: 242 (1982)

Distribution: Ecuador (type only)

83 ECU

species :

Galium babadaghense Yild.; Ot Sist. Bot. Derg. 17(2): 94 (2010)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Galium baeticum (Rouy) Ehrend. & Krendl; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 68: 270 (1974)

Distribution: Portugal; SW-Spain; Morocco

12 POR SPA 20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Asperula arundana Ball ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 334 (1879), nomen

= Asperula baetica Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 38: 80 (1891)

= Asperula pendula Boiss.; Elench. Pl. Nov. 55 (1838)

= Asperula pendula var. glaberrima Emb. & Maire; Pl. Rif Nov. 12 (1927)

= Asperula pendula var. scaberrima Font Quer; Cavanillesia 1: 78 (1928)

= Asperula pendula var. tubulifera Font Quer; Cavanillesia 1: 78 (1928)

species :

Galium baghlanense Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.; Fl. Iranica 176: 203 (2005)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Baghlan)

34 AFG

species :

Galium baillonii D.Brândza; Analele Acad. Române, Ser. 2, 2: 558 (1881)

Distribution: Romania (S-Carpathians)

13 ROM

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium valantioides var. baillonii (D.Brândza) Pauca & Nyár.; Savul., Fl. Republ. Popul. Române 8: 578 (1961)

species :

Galium baldense Spreng.; Pugillus 1: 10 (1813)

Name: Monte-Baldo-Labkraut

Distribution: N-Italy (S-Alps)

13 ITA

Remarks: baldense agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium pusillum var. baldense (Spreng.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 326 (1879)

= Galium helveticum var. baldense (Spreng.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2: 153 (1889)

species :

Galium baldensiforme Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7: 1029 (1936)

Distribution: China (Yunnan, Qinghai, Sichuan); Tibet

36 CHI TIB

species :

Galium balearicum Briq.; Ann. Cons. Jard. Bot. Genève 11-12: 191 (1908)

Distribution: Baleares (Mallorca)

12 BAL

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium rubrum subsp. balearicum (Briq.) Malag.; Las Subesp. y Variac. Geogr. 14 (1973)

= Galium rubrum var. balearicum (Briq.) Knoche; Fl. Baléar. 2: 420 (1922)

species :

Galium basalticum Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37: 256 (1979)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Galium baytopianum Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37: 254 (1979)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Galium belizianum Ortega Oliv., Devesa & Rodr.Riaño; Bot. Helv. 114(1): 2 (2004)

Distribution: NW-Portugal

12 POR

species :

Galium bellatulum Klokov; Fl. URSR 10: 472 (1961)

Distribution: Ukraine

14 UKR

species :

Galium bermudense L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 105 (1753)

Name: Coastal bedstraw

Distribution: USA (Alabama, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, New Jersey, South Carolina, Texas, Virginia); Bermuda; Bahamas

75 USA 77 USA 78 USA 81 BAH BER

Synonyms: hidden

= Bataprine hispidula (Michx.) Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 1: 264 (1910)

= Galium carolinianum F.Dietr.; Nachtr. Vollst. Lex. Gärtn. 3: 429 (1817)

= Galium hispidulum Michx.; Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 79 (1803)

= Galium hispidum Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 1:: 104 (1814), nom. illeg.

= Galium peregrinum Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.; Prelim. Cat. 24 (1888), nom. illeg.

= Galium rotundifolium var. bermudense (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 282 (1891)

= Relbunium bermudense (L.) Britten; J. Bot. 47: 42 (1909)

= Rubia brownei Michx.; Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 81 (1803), non R. Br.

= Rubia peregrina Walter; Fl. Carol. 86 (1788), sensu auct., non L.

= Rubia rotundifolia Poir.; Encycl. [J. Lamarck et al.] Suppl. 2: 706 (1812), nom. illeg.

= Rubia techensis Raf.; Fl. Ludov. 76 (1817)

= Rubia walteri DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 590 (1830)

species :

Galium bifolium S.Watson; Bot. King´s Exped. 134, t. 14 (1871)

Name: Twinleaf bedstraw

Distribution: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia); USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington State, Wyoming)

71 CDN 73 USA 76 USA 77 USA

species :

Galium bigeminum Griseb.; Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 19: 160 (1874)

Distribution: SE-Brazil (Espirito Santo); S-Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Uruguay (Artigas, Canelones, Colonia, Durazno, Maldonado, Montevideo, Paysandu, Rio Negro, Salto, San Jose, Soriano); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Cordoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios)

84 BRA 85 ARG URU

Synonyms: hidden

= Relbunium bigeminum (Griseb.) K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 106 (1889)

species :

Galium bingoelense Yild. & Kiliç; Ot Sist. Bot. Derg. 21(2): 8 (2015)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Galium binifolium N.A.Wakef.; Vict. Naturalist 72: 69 (1955)

subspecies :

subsp. binifolium

Distribution: Australia (South Australia, New South Wales, Victoria)

50 AUS

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium umbrosum var. bifolium F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 9: 188 (1875)

subspecies :

subsp. conforme I.Thomps.; Muelleria 27(1): 88 (2009)

Distribution: Australia (Victoria, New South Wales, Tasmania)

50 AUS

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium vagans Hook.f.; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 6: 461b (1847)

species :

Galium blinii H.Lév.; Bull. Geogr. Bot. 1915. 25: 48 (1915)

Distribution: China (Guizhou, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet

36 CHI TIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium bodinieri H.Lév.; Fl. Kouy. Tcheou, 366 (1914 publ. 1915)

= Galium quinatum H.Lév.; Bull. Acad. Géog. Bot. 25: 47 (1915) et Cat. Pl. Yun-Nan 245 (1915)

species :

Galium boissieranum (Steud.) Ehrend. & Krendl; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 68: 270 (1974)

Distribution: S- & SC-Spain

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Asperula asperrima var. glabrescens Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 1: 281 (1840)

= Asperula boissieri Steud. ex Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 737 (1845), nom. illeg.

= Asperula boissieriana Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 151 (1840)

= Asperula effusa Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 1: 280 (1840), nom. superfl.

= Asperula paniculata Boiss.; Elench. Pl. Nov. 56 (1838), nom. superfl.

species :

Galium bolanderi A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 7: 350 (1868)

Name: Bolander´s bedstraw

Distribution: USA (California, Oregon)

73 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium arcuatum Wiegand; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24: 395 (1897)

= Galium culbertsonii Greene; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 1: 80 (1906)

= Galium margaricoccum A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 13: 371 (1878)

= Galium pubens A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 7: 350 (1868)

= Galium pubens var. scabridum A.Gray; Bot. California [W.H.Brewer] 1: 285 (1876)

= Galium subscabridum W.Wight; Zoe 5: 56 (1900)

species :

Galium boreale L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 108 (1753)

Name: Nordisches Labkraut (DE), Northern bedstraw (EN)

10 DEN FIN GRB ICE IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 FRA SPA 13 BIH BUL CRO ITA KOS ROM SLV SRB 14 BLR EST LAT LIT RUS UKR 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ 33 ARM AZE GEO 34 AFG IRN TUR 36 CHI TIB 37 MON 38 JAP NKO 40 IND PAK 70 ASK CDN GNL 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Aparine borealis (L.) Hill; Herb. Brit. 2: 151 (1770)

= Galium auriense Pourr. ex Willk. & Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 310 (1868)

= Galium boreale nsubsp. intermedium (DC.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. (Prague), 150(3-4): 138 (1981 publ. 1982)

= Galium boreale f. hirtum Kucowa; Pawl., 324, 300 (1967)

= Galium boreale f. humidiusculum C.G.Westerl.; Bot. Not. 1906: 5 (1906)

= Galium boreale f. hyssopifolium (Hoffm.) B.Boivin; Naturaliste Canad. 93: 433 (1966)

= Galium boreale f. kamtschaticum Maxim.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 9: 141 (1859)

= Galium boreale f. latifolium Maxim.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 9: 141 (1859), nom. illeg.

= Galium boreale nothosubsp. intermedium (DC.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 150: 138 (1981 publ. 1982)

= Galium boreale subsp. hyssopifolium (Hoffm.) Schübl. & G.Martens; Fl. Würtemberg 100 (1834)

= Galium boreale subsp. incurvatum (Urschler) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(2): 77 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Galium boreale subsp. linearifolium (Rydb.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. (Prague), 150(3-4): 138 (1981 publ. 1982)

= Galium boreale subsp. pseudorubioides (Schur) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17(1-2): 125 (1971 publ. 1972)

= Galium boreale subsp. septentrionale (Roem. & Schult.) H.Hara; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 378 (1956)

= Galium boreale subsp. ussuriense (Pobed.) Vorosch.; Florist. Issl. Razn. Raionakh S.S.S.R. [A.K.Skvortsov] 192 (1985)

= Galium boreale subf.hirtoscabrum C.G.Westerl.; Bot. Not. 1906: 5 (1906)

= Galium boreale var. angustifolium (Freyn) Cufod.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 89: 226 (1940)

= Galium boreale var. ciliatum Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 15: 340 (1939)

= Galium boreale var. diffusum (Schrad. ex Link) Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 208 (1831)

= Galium boreale var. elatius Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 415 (1828)

= Galium boreale var. glabrum Q.H.Liu; Fl. Hubeiensis 3: 637 (2002), nom. illeg.

= Galium boreale var. glabrum Spenn.; Fl. Friburg. 465 (1825)

= Galium boreale var. glabrum St.-Lag.; Étude Fl., éd. 8 [A. Cariot], 2: 387 (1889)

= Galium boreale var. hirsutum Serg.; Trudy Biol. Nauchno-Issl. Inst. Tomsk. Gosud. Univ. 2: 65 (1936)

= Galium boreale var. hispidulum Spenn.; Fl. Friburg. 465 (1825)

= Galium boreale var. hyssopifolium (Hoffm.) DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 600 (1830), isonym

= Galium boreale var. hyssopifolium (Hoffm.) W.D.J.Koch & Ziz; 5 (1814)

= Galium boreale var. intermedium DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 601 (1830)

= Galium boreale var. intermedium W.D.J.Koch; 332 (1836)

= Galium boreale var. kamtschaticum (Maxim.) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 23: 103 (1909)

= Galium boreale var. koreanum Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 15: 340 (1939)

= Galium boreale var. lanceolatum Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 15: 341 (1939)

= Galium boreale var. lancilimbum W.C.Chen; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 28(4): 302 (1990)

= Galium boreale var. latifolium Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 18: 315 (1845), nom. illeg.

= Galium boreale var. leiocarpum Meyen; Chloris Han. 366 (1836)

= Galium boreale var. linearifolium R.Uechtr.; 137 (1876)

= Galium boreale var. linearifolium Rydb.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 1: 375 (1900)

= Galium boreale var. nudum Klett & Richt.; Fl. Leipzig 149 (1830)

= Galium boreale var. pseudorubioides Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 280 (1866)

= Galium boreale var. roseum N.Coleman; Cat. Fl. Pl. S. Peninsula Michigan 18 (1874)

= Galium boreale var. scabrum DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 601 (1830)

= Galium boreale var. septentrionale (Roem. & Schult.) Kliphuis; Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch. C 76: 459 (1973), no basionym ref.

= Galium boreale var. vogesiacum (F.Gérard) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 10 (1903)

= Galium diffusum Schrad. ex Link; Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 134 (1821), nom. illeg.

= Galium hyssopifolium Hoffm.; Deutschl. Fl., ed. 2, 1(1): 71 (1800)

= Galium mesocarpon A.Kern.; Sched. Fl. Austro-Hung. 6: 67 (1893)

= Galium nervosum Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 3: 378 (1779)

= Galium orbibracteatum Chaub.; J. F. B. de Saint-Amans, Fl. Agen. 66 (1821)

= Galium rubioides var. angustifolium Freyn; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 45: 341 (1895)

= Galium rubioides var. hyssopifolium Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 125 (1805)

= Galium rubioides var. latifolium Freyn; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 45: 342 (1895)

= Galium rubioides Willd. ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 2: 411 (1844), nom. inval.

= Galium schilkense Popov; Fl. Centr. Sibir. 2: 685 (1959)

= Galium septentrionale Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 253 (1818)

= Galium septentrionale var. glabrum Urschler; Phyton (Horn) 6: 53 (1955)

= Galium septentrionale var. incurvatum Urschler; Phyton (Horn) 6: 52 (1955)

= Galium strictum Torr.; Cat. Pl. New York 23 (1819)

= Galium trinerve Moench; Methodus [Moench] 486 (1794), nom. superfl.

= Galium trinervium Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 12 (1782), opus utique oppr.

= Galium ussuriense Pobed.; Fl. URSS 23: 716 (1958)

= Galium utahense Eastw.; Leafl. W. Bot. 1: 55 (1933)

= Galium vogesiacum F.Gérard; C. Magnier, Scrin. Fl. Select. 13: 323 (1894)

= Rubia borealis (L.) Baill.; Hist. Pl. 7: 374 (1880)

= Trichogalium boreale (L.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n. s. 16: 396 (1868)

species :

Galium boreoaethiopicum Puff; Bull. Jard. Bot. Nation. Belg. 59(3-4): 411 (1989)

Distribution: Ethiopia

24 ETH

species :

Galium bornmuelleri Hausskn. ex Bornm.; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Vereins N. F., 20: 14 (1904)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Galium bourgaeanum Coss. ex Batt.; Contr. Fl. Atl. 42 (1919)

subspecies :

subsp. bourgaeanum

Distribution: W-Algeria

20 ALG

subspecies :

subsp. maroccanum (Ball) J.M.Monts.; Treb. Inst. Bot. Barcelona 11: 24 (1987)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium bourgeanum var. maroccanum Ball; J. Bot. 11: 335 (1873)

species :

Galium boyacanum Dempster; Allertonia 2: 411 (1981)

Distribution: Colombia (Boyacá)

82 CLM

species :

Galium brachyphyllum Roem. & Schult.; Mant. 3 [Schultes & Schultes f.] : 180 (1827)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Azerbaijan

33 AZE NCS

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium alpestre Steven ex Fisch.; Cat. Jard. Gorenki, ed. 1812: 43 (1812), nomen

= Galium brevifolium Steven; Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 3: 253 (1812), nom. illeg.

species :

Galium bracteatum Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 3: 51 (1843)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia); Lebanon (C-Lebanon); Syria (NW-Syria)

34 LEB SYR TUR

species :

Galium bredasdorpense Puff; J. S. African Bot. 44(3): 244 (1978)

Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

species :

Galium brenanii Ehrend. & Verdc.; Kew Bull. 28(3): 485 (1973 publ. 1974)

Distribution: Kenya; Tanzania

25 KEN TAN

species :

Galium brevifolium Sm.; Sibth. & Sm., Prodr. Fl. Graec. 1: 95 (1806)

subspecies :

subsp. brevifolium

Name: Kurzblättriges Labkraut (DE); Short-leaved Bedstraw (EN)

Distribution: East Aegaean Isl. (Samos, Rhodos); Turkey (SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia)

34 EAI TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium album Willd.; Sp. Pl. ed. 4 [Willdenow] 1: 598 (1798), nom. illeg.

= Galium brevifolium var. chium (Boiss. & Orph.) Rech.f.; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 105: 578 (1943)

= Galium caudatum Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 3: 48 (1843)

= Galium caudatum var. chium Boiss. & Orph.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 2, 6: 91 (1859)

subspecies :

subsp. insulare Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37(2): 260 (1979)

Distribution: Greece (Kiklades: Amorgos); East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Chios, Ikaria, Samos, Fourni, Dodecanese, Kos, Nisyros, Tilos, Simi, Karpathos)

13 GRC 34 EAI

species :

Galium breviramosum Krendl; Bot. Chronika 6-7: 67 (1986-1987 publ. 1988)

Distribution: Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Greece (mountains of N-Greece)

13 ALB GRC KOS NMA

species :

Galium brockmannii Briq.; Ann. Cons. Jard. Bot. Genève 10: 107 (1907)

Distribution: NE-Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: pusillum agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium brockmannii subsp. aterratzense Romo; Fl. Veg. Montsec (Pre-Pirineus Catalans): 231 (1989)

= Galium pusillum subsp. brockmannii (Briq.) O.Bolòs; Mem. Real Acad. Ci. Barcelona, III 38(1): 7 (1967)

= Galium pusillum var. salvadorii Pau ex Marcet; Bol. Real Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., Secc. Biol. 48: 100 (1950)

species :

Galium broterianum Boiss. & Reut.; Diagn. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 15 (1842)

Distribution: Portugal; C- & W-Spain

12 POR SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium broterianum var. ellipticifolium Merino; Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 12: 111 (1914)

= Galium broterianum var. glabrum Merino; Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 12: 111 (1914)

= Galium broterianum var. hirtum Merino; Fl. Galicia 3: 591 (1909)

= Galium broterianum var. microphyllum Merino; Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 12: 111 (1914)

= Galium broterianum var. ovale Merino; Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 12: 111 (1914)

= Galium rubioides Brot.; Fl. Lusit. 1: 148 (1804), nom. illeg.

= Galium rubioides var. broterianum (Boiss. & Reut.) Samp.; Fl. Port., ed. 2, Pires de Lima 543 (1947)

species :

Galium brunneum Munby; Fl. Alger. 16 (1889)

Distribution: Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia

20 ALG MOR TUN

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium brunneum var. hirsutum Faure & Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 20: 184 (1929)

= Galium brunneum var. rhiphaeum Pau & Font Quer; Font Quer, Exsicc. (Iter Marocc.) 1927: no. 607 (1928)

= Galium clausonis Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 77 (1874)

species :

Galium bryoides Merr. & L.M.Perry; J. Arnold Arbor. 26: 266 (1945)

Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)

42 NWG

species :

Galium buchtienii Dempster; Allertonia 5: 301 (1990)

Distribution: Peru; Bolivia (La Paz)

83 BOL PER

species :

Galium bullatum Lipsky; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 13: 300 (1894)

Distribution: Armenia; Azerbaijan; ?NW-Iran; China (Xinjiang)

33 ARM AZE 36 CHI

species :

Galium bulliforme I.Thomps.; Muelleria 27(1): 86 (2009)

Distribution: Australia (South Australia)

50 AUS

species :

Galium bungei Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 657 (1840)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); S-South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan

36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NNS TAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium bungei var. miltorrhizum (Hance) K.S.Jeong & Pak; Korean J. Pl. Taxon. 47: 23 (2017)

= Galium fukuyamae Masam.; Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 33: 621 (1943)

= Galium gracile Bunge; Enum. Pl. China Bor. 35 (1833), nom. illeg., non C. Presl 1819

= Galium gracile f. angustifolium Loes.; B.B.C.-Bl. 27: 182 (1920)

= Galium gracile f. rotundifolium Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 5: 81, f. 20 i (1915), nomen

= Galium gracile var. miltorrhizum (Hance) Loes.; B. B. C.-Blume37: 182 (1920)

= Galium gracilens var. lutchuense (Nakai ex Kitag.) T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 66: 51 (1991)

= Galium gracilens var. rotundifolium (Hayata) Hatus.; Fl. Ryukyus 580 (1971)

= Galium kiirunense Masam., Suzuki & Mori; Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 24: 412 (1934)

= Galium lutchuense Nakai ex Kitag.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 48: 618 (1934)

= Galium miltorrhizum Hance; J. Bot. 6: 114 (1868)

= Galium miltorrhizum var. lutchuense (Nakai ex Kitag.) H.Hara; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 12: 199 (1950)

= Galium miltorrhizum var. molle Migo; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 56: 300 (1942)

= Galium musyaense Masam.; Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 30: 38 (1940)

= Galium pogonanthum f. interpositum Kitag.; J. Geobot. 19(4): 91 (1971)

= Galium pogonanthum f. trichopetalum (Nakai) Ohwi; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 33: 86 (1953)

= Galium pogonanthum Franch. & Sav.; Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 393 (1878)

= Galium pogonanthum var. trichopetalum (Nakai) H.Hara; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 12: 199 (1950)

= Galium pogonanthum var. yakumontanum T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 66: 52 (1991)

= Galium remotiflorum H.Lév. & Vaniot; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 55: 58 (1908)

= Galium setuliflorum var. trichopetalum (Nakai) Makino; Ill. Fl. Nippon 111 (1940)

= Galium trachyspermum var. miltiorrhizum (Hance) T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 66(1): 51 (1991)

= Galium trachyspermum var. nudicarpum Honda; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 53: 385 (1939)

= Galium trichopetalum Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 27: 34 (1913)

variant :

var. hispidum (Matsuda) Cufod.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 89: 222 (1940)

Distribution: China (Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Fujian, Henan, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium gracile f. hispidum Matsuda; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 130 (1912)

= Galium martini H.Lév. & Vaniot; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 55: 58 (1908)

= Galium trachyspermum f. hispidum (Matsuda) Ohwi; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 33: 86 (1953)

= Galium trachyspermum var. hispidum (Matsuda) Kitag.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 48: 617 (1934)

variant :

var. punduanoides Cufod.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 89: 222 (1940)

Distribution: China (Gansu, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Yunnan)

36 CHI

variant :

var. setuliflorum (A.Gray) Cufod.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 89: 221 (1940)

Distribution: China (Shanxi, Jiangsu); South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Yakushima Isl.)

36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NNS

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium koreanum (Nakai) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 25: 55 (1911)

= Galium pogonanthum f. nudiflorum (Makino) Ohwi; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 33: 86 (1953)

= Galium pogonanthum var. nudiflorum (Makino) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 13: 386 (1937)

= Galium pogonanthum var. setuliflorum (A.Gray) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 13: 386 (1937)

= Galium setuliflorum (A.Gray) Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 17: 75 (1903)

= Galium setuliflorum var. koreanum Nakai; Fl. Korea 1: 298 (1909)

= Galium setuliflorum var. nudiflorum Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 17: 75 (1903)

= Galium trachyspermum var. setuliflorum A.Gray; Bot. Jap. in Mem. Amer. Acad. New Ser. 6: 393 (1859)

variant :

var. trachyspermum (A.Gray) Cufod.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 89: 221 (1940)

Distribution: China (Hebei, Shaanxi, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Sichuan, Guizhou); South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)

36 CHI 38 JAP KOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium bungei var. hispidum Cufod.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 89: 222 (1940)

= Galium gracilens (A.Gray) Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 17: 74 (1903)

= Galium trachyspermum A.Gray; Perry, Narr. Exped. China Japan 2: 313 (1857)

= Galium trachyspermum var. gracilens A.Gray; Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts, n. s., 6: 393 (1859)

= Galium venosum H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 438 (1912)

species :

Galium bungoniense I.Thomps.; Muelleria 27(1): 91 (2009)

Distribution: Australia (New South Wales)

50 AUS

species :

Galium buschiorum Mikheev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 78: 136 (1993)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Azerbaijan

33 AZE NCS

species :

Galium bussei K.Schum. & K.Krause; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 39: 571 (1907)

Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Tanzania; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique

23 ZAI 25 TAN 26 MLW MOZ ZIM

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium stenophyllum var. flavoviride Utzschn. & Merxm.; Trans. Rhodesia Sci. Assoc. 43: 57 (1951)

variant :

var. glabrostrictius Brenan; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 8: 457 (1954)

Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Mozambique

23 ZAI 25 TAN 26 MLW MOZ ZAM

variant :

var. glabrum Brenan; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 8: 456 (1954)

Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique

23 ZAI 25 TAN 26 MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM

variant :

var. strictius Brenan; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 8: 457 (1954)

Distribution: Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi

25 TAN 26 MLW ZAM

species :

Galium buxifolium Greene; Bull. Calif. Acad. II. 6: 150 et 400 (1886)

Name: Box bedstraw

Distribution: USA (California: St. Cruz Isl.)

76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium catalinense var. buxifolium (Greene) Dempster; Brittonia 10: 188 (1958)

species :

Galium cajamarcense Dempster; Madroño 35(1): 3 (1988)

Distribution: Peru

83 PER

species :

Galium californicum Hook. & Arn.; Bot. Beechey Voy. 349 (1839)

subspecies :

subsp. californicum

Name: California bedstraw

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

subspecies :

subsp. flaccidum (Greene) Dempster & Stebbins; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 46: 31 (1968)

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium californicum var. crebrifolium Nutt.; J. Torr. & A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 2: 20 (1841)

= Galium flaccidum Greene; Pittonia 1: 34 (1887)

= Galium occidentale McClatchie; Erythea 2: 124 (1894)

subspecies :

subsp. luciense Dempster & Stebbins; Madroño 18: 107 (1965)

Name: Cone Peak bedstraw

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

subspecies :

subsp. maritimum Dempster & Stebbins; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 46: 31 (1968)

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

subspecies :

subsp. miguelense (Greene) Dempster & Stebbins; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 46: 32 (1968)

Name: San Miguel Island bedstraw

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium californicum var. miguelense (Greene) Dempster & Stebbins; Jeps., Man. Fl. Calif. 961 (1925)

= Galium miguelense Greene; Pittonia 1: 34 (1887)

subspecies :

subsp. primum Dempster & Stebbins; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 46: 30 (1968)

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

subspecies :

subsp. sierrae Dempster & Stebbins; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 46: 30 (1968)

Name: El Dorado bedstraw

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

species :

Galium caminianum Schult. & Schult.f.; Mant. 3 [Schultes & Schultes f.] : 186 (1827)

Distribution: Greece (Skiros, N- & W-Kiklades); Crete (Koufonisi Isl.); Libya; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Chios, Ikaria, Dodecanese, Kos, Nisyros); Cyprus (N-Cyprus, C-Mountains)

13 GRC KRI 20 LBY 34 CYP EAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium micranthum d´Urv.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 272 (1822), nom. illeg.

= Galium pauciflorum Kotschy; F. Unger & C. G. T. Kotschy, Ins. Cypern 260 (1865), nom. illeg.

= Galium recurvum Req. ex DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 609 (1830), nom. illeg.

= Galium recurvum var. pauciflorum (Kotschy) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 3: 68 (1875)

species :

Galium campanelliferum Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37: 250 (1979)

Distribution: Turkey (SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Galium campylotrichum Nazim. & Ehrend.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 155 (1-4): 73 (1987)

Distribution: N-Pakistan

40 PAK

species :

Galium canescens Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 3: 336 (1819)

Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia, Boyacá, Cesar, Cundinamarca, Magdalena, Meta, Risaralda, Santander); Venezuela (Anzoategui, Barinas, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Falcon, Merida, Miranda, Monagas, Tachira, Trujillo, Zulia); Ecuador; Peru

82 CLM VEN 83 ECU PER

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium canescens f. alstonii Steyerm.; Acta Bot. Venez. 8 (1-4): 253 (1973)

= Galium trianae Wernham; J. Bot. 50: 24 (1912)

= Galium trichocarpon Willd. ex Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 392 (1824)

species :

Galium cankiriense Yild.; Ot Sist. Bot. Derg. 17(2): 96 (2010)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Galium canum Req. ex DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 602 (1830)

subspecies :

subsp. canum

Distribution: Egypt (N-Egypt); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia); Cyprus (E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (NW-Syria, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (N-Israel, Judean Desert); Jordania (S-Jordania)

20 EGY 34 CYP ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium canum subsp. hilarionis H.Lindb.; Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn., Ser. B, Opera Biol. 2(7): 32 (1947)

= Galium canum var. confertum Post; Fl. Syria 385 (1896)

= Galium canum var. laxum Post; Fl. Syria 385 (1896)

subspecies :

subsp. antalyense Ehrend.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 105: 257 (1958)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

subspecies :

subsp. ovatum Ehrend.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 105: 256 (1958)

Name: Graufilziges Labkraut (DE); Grey Woolly Bedstraw (EN)

Distribution: E-Crete; East Aegaean Isl. (Fourni, Samos, Leros, Kalimnos, Tilos, Simi, Karpathos, Rhodos, Kastellorhizo Isl.); Turkey

13 KRI 34 EAI TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium autranii Post; Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 757 (1897)

= Galium incompletum Barbey; Stefani et al., Karpathos 111 (1895)

= Galium lanuginosum Post; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 24: 432 (1888), nom. illeg.

subspecies :

subsp. ulukislaense Yild.; Ot Sist. Bot. Derg. 17(2): 98 (2010)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Galium capense Thunb.; Prod. Pl. Cap. 30 (1794)

subspecies :

subsp. capense

Distribution: South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho

27 LES SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium capense var. expansum (Thunb.) Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 3: 36 (1865)

= Galium capense var. minus Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 3: 36 (1865)

= Galium expansum Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 1:: 30 (1794)

= Galium mucronatum Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 1:: 30 (1794), nom. superfl.

subspecies :

subsp. garipense (Sond.) Puff; J. S. African Bot. 44(3): 236 (1978)

Distribution: South Africa (North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, N-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; Eswatini [Swaziland]

27 LES SAF SWZ

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium capense var. garipense (Sond.) Puff; J. S. African Bot. 44: 236 (1978)

= Galium capense var. wittbergense (Sond.) Puff; J. S. African Bot. 44: 237 (1978)

= Galium garipense Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 3: 37 (1865)

= Galium wittbergense Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 3: 37 (1865)

subspecies :

subsp. namaquense (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Puff; J. S. African Bot. 44(3): 234 (1978)

Distribution: South Africa (N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium capense var. scabrum Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 3: 37 (1865)

= Galium namaquense Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. [Ecklon & Zeyher] 369 (1837)

species :

Galium capitatum Bory & Chaub.; Bory, Expéd. Sci. Morée 3(2): 54 (1832)

Distribution: Greece (scattered C- & S-Greece, also Kithira, Thasos, Samothraki, Evvoia, Limnos, Paros); East Aegaean Isl. (Kalimnos)

13 GRC 34 EAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium capitatum f. atrichum (Halácsy) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30(2): 468 (1930)

= Galium capitatum f. hemitrichum Greuter; Boissiera 13: 128 (1967)

= Galium capitatum var. atrichum Halácsy; Consp. Fl. Graec. 1: 725 (1901)

species :

Galium cappadocicum Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 3: 43 (1843)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, S-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Galium caprarium Natali; Candollea 53(2): 484 (1998)

Distribution: Italy (Capraia Isl.)

13 ITA

species :

Galium cariense Daskin & Bagcivan; Phytotaxa 308(2): 270 (2017)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Galium carmenicola Dempster; Madroño 23(1): 13 (1975)

Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila)

79 MEX

species :

Galium carterae Dempster; Brittonia 22: 184 (1970)

Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Sur)

79 MEX

species :

Galium caspicum Steven; Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 1: 276 (1829)

Distribution: Azerbaijan (Talysh); Iran (N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan)

33 AZE 34 IRN

species :

Galium cassium Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 1, 10: 68 (1849) et Fl. 3: 76 (1875)

Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia); Israel (coastal W-Israel, N-Israel)

34 ISR TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium cassium f. calvescens (Boiss.) Feinbrun; Fl. Palaestina 3: 249 (1978)

= Galium cassium var. calvescens Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 10: 68 (1849)

species :

Galium catalinense A.Gray; Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 1(2): Suppl. 445 (1886)

Name: Santa Catalina Island bedstraw

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

species :

Galium ceratoamanianum Ehrend.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 99: 166 (1952)

Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Galium ceratocarpon Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 3: 35 (1843)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Galium ceratophylloides Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 3: 209 (1881)

Distribution: Pakistan (Murree); NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir, Poonch)

40 IND PAK

species :

Galium ceratopodum Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 3: 45 (1843)

Distribution: Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Tajikistan; Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia, S-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, S-Iran); Afghanistan (Baghlan, Farah, Herat, Kandahar, Samangan); Sinai peninsula (S-Sinai); Saudi Arabia (Asir); Oman (Mascat & Oman)

32 TKM TZK UZB 34 AFG IRN IRQ SIN 35 OMA SAU

species :

Galium cespitosum Lam.; Tabl. Encycl. Méth. Bot. 1: 262 (1792)

Distribution: NE-Spain (Pyrenees); SW-France

12 FRA SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium pumilum subsp. cespitosum (Lam.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 37 (1903)

= Galium pumilum var. cespitosum (Lam.) Lam. & DC.; Fl. Franc., ed. 3, 4: 260 (1805)

= Galium pusillum subsp. cespitosum (Lam.) Rouy & E.G.Camus; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 37 (1903)

species :

Galium chaetopodum Rech.f.; Ark. Bot., andra s. 1: 324 (1949)

Distribution: Israel (Rift Valley, N-Israel)

34 ISR

species :

Galium chekiangense Ehrend.; Novon 20(3): 270 (2010)

Distribution: China (Zhejiang)

36 CHI

species :

Galium chloroionanthum K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 30: 417 (1901)

Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Madagascar

23 BUR RWA ZAI 24 ETH SSU 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 MLW ZAM 29 MDG

species :

Galium chloroleucum Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Ind. Sem. Horti Petrop. 1: 27 (1835), et Linnaea 10: Litt. Ber. 89 (1836)

Distribution: Armenia; Azerbaijan; Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)

33 ARM AZE 34 IRN

species :

Galium ciliare Hook.f.; Hook. Lond. J. Bot. 6: 461 bis (1847)

subspecies :

subsp. ciliare

Distribution: Australia (Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania)

50 AUS

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium gaudichaudii var. glabrescens Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 3: 446 (1867)

= Galium umbrosum var. gaudichaudii-glabrescens Maiden & Betche; Census N.S.W. Pl. 188 (1916), nom. illeg.

subspecies :

subsp. terminale I.Thomps.; Muelleria 27(1): 82 (map) (2009)

Distribution: Australia (Victoria, Tasmania)

50 AUS

species :

Galium cilicicum Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 2, 5: 105 (1856) et Fl. 3: 58 (1875)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium cilicicum var. alpinum Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 3: 58 (1875)

= Galium cilicicum var. procerior Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 2, 5: 105 (1856)

= Galium cilicicum var. suffrutescens Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 3: 58 (1875)

species :

Galium cinereum All.; Auct. Syn. Meth. Stirp. Hort. Regii Taur. 6 (1773)

Distribution: Baleares (Mallorca); France; Italy

12 BAL FRA 13 ITA

Remarks: often included as subspecies in G. lucidum

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium cinereum subvar. pallidum (C.Presl) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 325 (1879)

= Galium cinereum var. pallidum (C.Presl) Rouy; Bull. Assoc. Franç. Bot. 5: 150 (1902)

= Galium cinereum var. pubescens DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, no. 3364 (1805)

= Galium lucidum subsp. cinereum (All.) Bonnier; Fl. Ill. France 5: 38 (1922)

= Galium mollugo subsp. cinereum (All.) Rouy; Bull. Assoc. Franç. Bot. 5(55): 150 (1902)

= Galium mollugo var. cinereum (All.) Knoche; Fl. Baléar. 2: 418 (1922)

= Galium mollugo var. pallidum (C.Presl) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 18 (1903)

= Galium pallescens C.Presl; Prodr. Fl. Sicul. 60 (1819)

= Galium pallidum C.Presl; J. & C. Presl, Delic. Prag. 121 (1822)

species :

Galium circaezans Michx.; Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 80 (1803)

Name: Licorice bedstraw

Distribution: Canada (Ontario); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Vermont, West Virginia)

72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium boreale Walter; Fl. Carol. 85 (1788), sensu auct.

= Galium brachiatum Muhl.; Cat. Pl. Amer. Sept. 15 (1813), nom. illeg.

= Galium circaeoides Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 256 (1818)

= Galium circaezans var. glabellum Britton; Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5: 303 (1894)

= Galium circaezans var. glabrum Britton; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 21: 32 (1894)

= Galium circaezans var. montanum Torr. & A.Gray; Fl. N. Amer. 2: 24 (1841)

= Galium rotundifolium var. circaezans (Michx.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 282 (1891)

variant :

var. hypomalacum Fernald; Rhodora 39: 450 (1937)

Distribution: Canada (Ontario, Québec); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Vermont, Wisconsin, West Virginia)

72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA

species :

Galium citraceum Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 1, 6: 69 (1846)

Distribution: Greece (mountains of C-Greece, C-Evvoia, Mt. Taygetos); Crete (mountains)

13 GRC KRI

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium melanantherum var. latifolia Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 4: 69 (1846)

species :

Galium clementis Eastw.; Leafl. W. Bot. 1: 56 (1933)

Name: Santa Lucia bedstraw

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

species :

Galium cliftonsmithii (Dempster) Dempster & Stebbins; Madroño 18: 107 (1965)

Name: Santa Barbara bedstraw

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium nuttallii var. cliftonsmithii Dempster; Brittonia 10: 183 (1958)

species :

Galium collomiae Howell; Leafl. W. Bot. 5: 150 (1949)

Name: Fossil Hill Creek bedstraw

Distribution: USA (Arizona)

76 USA

species :

Galium coloradoense W.Wight; Zoe 5: 54 (1900)

Name: Colorado bedstraw

Distribution: USA (Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming)

73 USA 76 USA 77 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium multiflorum var. coloradoense (Wight) Cronquist; Cronquist et al., Intermountain Fl., Vasc. Pl. Intermountain West, U. S. A. 4: 530 (1984)

species :

Galium comberi Dempster; Allertonia 2: 272 (1980)

Distribution: Argentina (Neuquén)

85 ARG

species :

Galium cometerhizon Lapeyr.; Hist. Abr. Pyr., Suppl. 154 (1818)

Distribution: NE-Spain (Pyrenees); Andorra; France; Corsica

12 ADO COR FRA SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium megalospermum subsp. cometerhizon (Lapeyr.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 326 (1879)

= Galium suaveolens Lapeyr.; Hist. Pl. Pyrénées, Suppl. 23 (1818), nom. illeg.

species :

Galium compactum Ehrend. & McGill.; Telopea 2(4): 370 (1983)

Distribution: Australia (South Australia, Victoria)

50 AUS

species :

Galium concatenatum Coss.; Not. Pl. Crit. 38 (1849)

Distribution: S-Portugal; S-Spain (Cadiz, Malaga); Morocco

12 POR SPA 20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Asperula pendula var. concatenata (Coss.) Pau; Mem. Real Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12(5): 336 (1924)

= Asperula pendula var. glabrescens Emb. & Maire; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 17: 50 (1927 publ. 1928)

= Asperula pendula var. viridiflora Emb. & Maire; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 17: 50 (1927 publ. 1928)

= Galium conglobatum Schousb. ex Ball; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 486 (1878)

species :

Galium concinnum Torr. & A.Gray; Fl. N. Am. 2: 23 (1841)

Name: Shining bedstraw

Distribution: Canada (Ontario); USA (Arkansas, District of Columbia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Utah, Virginia, Wisconsin, West Virginia)

72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium parviflorum Raf.; Med. Repos., Ser. 2, 5: 360 (1808), nom. illeg.

species :

Galium confertum Royle ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 3: 206 (1881)

Distribution: NW-India (Himachal Pradesh)

40 IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium confertum var. laceanum M.P.Nayar & Malick; Bull. Bot. Surv. India, 11 (3-4): 429 (1969 publ. 1972)

species :

Galium consanguineum Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 1, 6: 69 (1846)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (W-Iran); Lebanon; Syria; China (Xinjiang)

33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN IRQ LEB SYR TUR 36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium consanguineum subsp. majmechense (Bordz.) Mikheev; Bot. Zhurn., 77(10): 71 (1992)

= Galium subvelutinum subsp. kurdicum Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 28(2): 242 (1911)

= Galium subvelutinum var. kurdicum (Bornm.) Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 58B: 294 (1938)

= Galium karduchorum Ronniger; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 28: 69 (1930)

= Galium kurdicum Ronniger; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 43 (1921), nom. illeg.

= Galium majmechense Bordz.; Izv. Kievsk. Bot. Sada 5-6: 21 (1927)

= Galium verum var. consanguineum (Boiss.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 3: 62 (1875)

species :

Galium coriaceum Bunge; Ledeb. Fl. Alt. 1: 136 (1829)

Distribution: Siberia (Altai, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva)

30 SIB

species :

Galium corinthiacum Strid & Kit Tan; Phytol. Balcan. 25(2): 223 (2019)

Distribution: C-Greece (around Korinth)

13 GRC

species :

Galium cornigerum Boiss. & Hausskn.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 67 (1875)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Galium coronadoense Dempster; Univ. Calif Publ. Bot. 64: 31 (1973)

Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Norte)

79 MEX

species :

Galium correllii Dempster; Sida 3: 249 (1968)

Name: Cliff bedstraw

Distribution: USA (Texas); Mexico (Coahuila)

77 USA 79 MEX

species :

Galium corrudifolium Vill.; Prosp. Hist. Pl. Dauphiné [Villars] 20 (1779)

subspecies :

subsp. corrudifolium

Distribution: Hungary; NE-Spain; Baleares; France; Corsica; Italy; San Marino; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Serbia; Kosovo; Albania; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia

11 HUN 12 BAL COR FRA SPA 13 ALB BIH ITA KOS SMA SRB 20 ALG MOR TUN

Remarks: often included as subspecies in G. lucidum

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium abruptorum Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 76 (1874)

= Galium adriaticum Ronniger; Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien (1920), lxx, p. (59)

= Galium cinereum var. tenuifolium (All.) DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 595 (1830)

= Galium ericoides Arv.-Touv.; Ess. Pl. Dauph. 32 (1871), nom. illeg.

= Galium foliosum Munby ex Burnat & Barbey; Voy. Bot. Baleares, 28 (1882)

= Galium fontanesianum Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 75 (1874)

= Galium lucidum subsp. corrudifolium (Vill.) Bonnier; Fl. Ill. France 5: 38 (1922)

= Galium lucidum subsp. corrudifolium (Vill.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 14: 100 (1983), isonym

= Galium lucidum subvar. nitidum Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 325 (1879)

= Galium lucidum var. corrudifolium (Vill.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 325 (1879)

= Galium lucidum var. tenuifolium (All.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2: 152 (1889)

= Galium mollugo subsp. corrudifolium (Vill.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 18 (1903)

= Galium nitidum Sieber ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 659 (1840), nom. superfl.

= Galium simplex Arv.-Touv.; Ess. Pl. Dauph. 31 (1871)

= Galium tenuifolium All.; Auct. Syn. Meth. Stirp. Hort. Regii Taur. 6 (1773)

subspecies :

subsp. falcatum (Willk. & Costa) Franco; Nova Fl. Portugal 2: 78, 565 (1984)

Distribution: Portugal

12 POR

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium corrudifolium var. falcatum Willk. & Costa; Linnaea 30: 100 (1859)

= Galium erectum f. falcatum (Willk. & Costa) Cout.; Fl. Portugal 2: 689 (1939)

= Galium lucidum var. falcatum (Willk. & Costa) Socorro & S.Tarrega; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 42: 244 (1985)

= Galium rigidum var. falcatum (Willk. & Costa) Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 315 (1868)

species :

Galium corsicum Spreng.; Syst. Veg. ?(2): 39 (1827)

Distribution: Corsica; Sardinia

12 COR SAR

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium campestre Duby; Bot. Gall., ed. 2, 1: 248 (1830), nom. illeg.

= Galium corsicum var. pallescens Gren.; Fl. France [Grenier] 2: 26 (1850)

= Galium corsicum var. soleirolii (Loisel.) Natali & Jeanm.; Rubiaceae: Compl. Prodr. Fl. Corse 74 (2000)

= Galium mediterraneum DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 596 (1830)

= Galium nudiflorum Viv.; Fl. Cors. Prodr., App. 2: 3 (1830)

= Galium rubrum subsp. corsicum (Spreng.) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France 140 (1894)

= Galium rubrum subsp. corsicum (Spreng.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 25 (1903), isonym

= Galium rubrum subvar. pallescens (Gren.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 25 (1903)

= Galium rubrum subvar. rubriflorum Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 25 (1903), nom. illeg.

= Galium rubrum var. corsicum (Spreng.) Briq. & Cavill.; Burnat, Fl. Alpes Marit. 5(2): 143 (1915)

= Galium soleirolii Loisel.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6: 399 (1827)

= Galium soleirolii var. mediterraneum (DC.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 329 (1879)

species :

Galium corymbosum Ruiz & Pav.; Fl. Peruv. 1: 59 (1798)

Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia, Boyacá, Cundinamarca, Nariño, Risaralda, Tolima); Venezuela (Apure, Merida, Tachira); Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Cochabamba, La Paz, Oruro, Potosí, Santa Cruz, Tarija); Argentina (Jujuy, Salta, Tucuman); Chile (Arica y Parinacota, Tarapacá, Antofagasta, Coquimbo)

82 CLM VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 85 ARG CLE

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium apiculatum Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg. ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 332 (1817)

= Galium benthamianum Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. 6: 17 (1846)

= Galium ciliatum Ruiz & Pav.; Fl. Peruv. 1: 59 (1798), nom. illeg.

= Galium ciliatum var. weddellianum Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 119 (1898)

= Galium diffusum F.Dietr.; Nachtr. Vollst. Lex. Gärtn. 3: 431 (1817)

= Galium hirsutum Ruiz & Pav.; Fl. Peruv. 1: 59 (1798)

= Galium involucratum Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 3: 335 (1819)

= Galium kunthii Wedd.; Chlor. Andina 2: 38 (1858)

= Galium leucocarpum DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 612 (1830), nom. superfl.

= Galium monanthon Bartl. ex DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 591 (1830)

= Galium montanum Bartl. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 659 (1840), pro syn.

= Galium mucronatum Ruiz & Pav.; Fl. Peruv. 1: 60 (1798), nom. illeg.

= Galium sessiliflorum Willd.; Schult. & Schult.f., Mant. 3: 173 (1827)

= Galium sessilifolium Willd. ex K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 117 (1888), pro syn.

= Galium tarmense Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 387 (1824), nom. superfl.

= Relbunium alpicola K.Schum. & R.E.Fr.; Nov. Acta Soc. Sci. Ups. IV 1(1): 101 (1905)

= Relbunium chloranthum K.Krause; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 40: 351 (1908)

= Relbunium ciliatum (Ruiz & Pav.) Hemsl.; Biol. Cent.-Amer., Bot. 2: 62 (1881)

= Relbunium compactum Rusby; Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 3(3): 49 (1893)

= Relbunium corymbosum (Ruiz & Pav.) K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 118 (1889)

= Relbunium croceum subsp. involucratum (Kunth) Ehrend.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 76: 527 (1855)

= Relbunium hirsutum (Ruiz & Pav.) K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 116 (1889)

= Relbunium involucratum (Kunth) Diels; Biblioth. Bot. 29: 154 (1937)

= Relbunium tarmense K.Krause; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 40: 351 (1908)

= Relbunium tuberculosum (Benth.) Ball; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 22: 42 (1855)

= Rubia ciliata (Ruiz & Pav.) DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 591 (1830)

= Rubia corymbosa (Ruiz & Pav.) DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 591 (1830)

= Rubia hirsuta (Ruiz & Pav.) Schltdl. ex Wedd.; Chlor. Andina 2: 37 (1858)

= Rubia hirta Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 3: 338 (1819)

= Rubia monantha DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 591 (1830)

= Rubia montana Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 659 (1840)

= Rubia mucronata (Ruiz & Pav.) Hook. & Arn.; Hook. Bot. Misc. 3: 363 (1833)

= Rubia triflora Willd. ex K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 117 (1889)

= Rubia tuberculosa Benth.; Pl. Hartw. [Bentham] 195 (1843)

species :

Galium cossonianum Jafri; Fl. Libya 65: 23 (1979), nom. nov.

Distribution: Algeria; Tunisia; Libya

20 ALG LBY TUN

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium petraeum Coss. ex Batt.; Batt. & Trab., Fl. Algérie, Dicot. 396 (1890), nom. illeg.

= Galium petraeum var. brevifolium Batt.; Contr. Fl. Atl. [Battandier] 42 (1919)

= Galium petraeum var. patulum Batt.; Contr. Fl. Atl. [Battandier] 42 (1919)

= Galium petraeum var. virgatum Batt.; Contr. Fl. Atl. [Battandier] 42 (1919)

species :

Galium cotinoides Cham. & Schltdl.; Linnaea 3: 227 (1828)

Distribution: Chile (O´Higgins, Maule, Ñuble)

85 CLE

species :

Galium cracoviense Ehrend.; Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Abt. 1, 169: 419 (1960)

Distribution: S-Poland (Olsztyn, near Krakow)

11 POL

Remarks: pusillum agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium sylvestre var. microphyllum R.Uechtr.; Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 32: 206 (1874)

species :

Galium crassifolium W.C.Chen; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 28(4): 299-300, f. 1 (1990)

Distribution: China (Shanxi)

36 CHI

species :

Galium craticulatum R.R.Mill; Edinburgh J. Bot. 53(2): 202 (1996)

Distribution: Bhutan

40 BHU

species :

Galium crespianum J.J.Rodr.; Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 8: 55 (1879)

Distribution: Baleares (Mallorca, Dragonera)

12 BAL

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium decolorans Bourg. ex Marès; Cat. Pl. Vasc. Baléares 139 (1880), sensu auct.

= Galium firmum f. laevis Knoche; Fl. Baléar. 2: 419 (1922)

species :

Galium cryptanthum Hemsl.; Hooker´s Icon. Pl., t. 1469 (1884)

Distribution: Pakistan (Dir); NW-India (Himachal Pradesh, Kashmir, Uttarakhand)

40 IND PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium stewartii Nazim.; Fl. Pakistan, 190: 63 (1989)

= Galium vernum Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 3: 209 (1881), nom. illeg.

species :

Galium cuatrecasasii Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 113 (1940)

Distribution: Colombia (Cundinamarca)

82 CLM

species :

Galium curvihirtum Ehrend. & McGill.; Telopea 2(4): 373 (1983)

Distribution: Australia (South Australia, Victoria)

50 AUS

species :

Galium cuspidulatum Miq.; Fl. Ind. Bat. 2: 340 (1857)

Distribution: Java

42 JAW

species :

Galium cyllenium Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 3(2): 117 (1856)

Distribution: S-Greece (Mt. Chelmos, Mt. Killini, +Mt. Taygetos)

13 GRC

species :

Galium czerepanovii Pobed.; Fl. URSS 23: 720 (1958)

Distribution: Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia); NW-Iran

33 ARM AZE 34 IRN TUR

species :

Galium dahuricum Turcz. ex Ledeb.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 18: 1: 312 (1845)

Distribution: Siberia (Buryatia, Chita, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Khabarovsk, Primorye); China (Fujian, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Hubei, Hunan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan); Mongolia; North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Honshu)

30 SIB 31 RFE 36 CHI 37 MON 38 JAP KOR NKO

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium asprellum var. dahuricum (Turcz. ex Ledeb.) Maxim.; Mélanges Biol. Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 9: 262 (1873)

= Galium comari H.Lév. & Vaniot; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 51: 114 (1907)

= Galium dahuricum var. fructoglabrum Maxim.; Prim. Fl. Amur. 140 (1859)

= Galium dahuricum var. leiocarpum Nakai; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 31: 498 (1911)

= Galium niewerthii Franch. & Sav.; Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 393 (1877)

variant :

var. densiflorum (Cufod.) Ehrend.; Novon 20: 277 (2010)

Distribution: China (Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Jiangxi, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet

36 CHI TIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium pseudoasprellum var. densiflorum Cufod.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 89: 237 (1940)

species :

Galium davisii Ehrend.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 383, t. 6 (1958)

Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Galium debile Desv.; Obs. Pl. Angers 134 (1818)

Distribution: England; Portugal; Spain; ?Baleares; France; Channel Isl.; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Slovenia; Hungary; Croatia; Serbia; Kosovo; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (scattered mainland, also Kerkyra, Ionian Isl., Thasos, Samothraki, Sporades, Limnos, Andros, Paros, Naxos); Crete; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Northern Caucasus; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos); Turkey (N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, W-Anatolia); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, NW-Syria, W-Syrian Mountains); New Zealand [I]

10 GRB 11 HUN 12 CIS COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI ROM SIC SLV SRB TUE 14 KRY 20 ALG MOR 33 NCS 34 EAI LEB SYR TUR 51 nzl

Remarks: palustre agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium aragonesii Sennen; Diagn. Nouv. 193 (1936)

= Galium congestum Jord.; Observ. Pl. Nouv. 3: 172 (1846)

= Galium constrictum Chaub.; St.-Amans, Voy. Bot. Landes 208 (1818)

= Galium constrictum var. angustifolium Pau; Not. Bot. Fl. Españ. 6: 57 (1895)

= Galium constrictum var. congestum (Jord.) Bég.; Fiori et al., Fl. Anal. Ital. 3: 114 (1903)

= Galium constrictum var. congestum (Jord.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 328 (1879)

= Galium constrictum var. creticum (Boiss. & Heldr.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 328 (1879)

= Galium constrictum var. debile (Desv.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2: 153 (1889), nom. superfl.

= Galium constrictum var. rhiphaeum Pau & Font Quer; Font Quer, Exsicc. (Iter Marocc.) 1927: no. 611 (1928)

= Galium creticum Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 10: 66 (1849)

= Galium debile f. submersum Glück; Biol. Morphol. Untersuch. Wasser- Sumpfgewächse 3: 260 (1911)

= Galium debile f. terrestre Glück; Biol. Morphol. Untersuch. Wasser- Sumpfgewächse 3: 258 (1911)

= Galium debile var. congestum (Jord.) Gren.; Fl. France [Grenier] 2: 40 (1850)

= Galium debile var. humile Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 322 (1868)

= Galium elongatum subsp. debile (Desv.) Batt.; Batt. & Trab., Fl. Algérie, Dicot. 398 (1890)

= Galium fruticosum Sieber ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 3: 60 (1875), nom. inval.

= Galium junceum Heldr. ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 3: 60 (1875), nom. illeg.

= Galium krymense Pobed.; Fl. URSS 23: 713 (1958)

= Galium palustre Pourr. ex Willk. & Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 322 (1868), sensu auct.

= Galium palustre subsp. constrictum (Chaub.) Corb.; Nouv. Fl. Normandie 301 (1894)

= Galium palustre subsp. debile (Desv.) Berher; L. Louis, Départ. Vosges 2: 124 (1887)

= Galium palustre subsp. debile (Desv.) Bonnier & Layens; 142 (1894), isonym

= Galium palustre var. congestum (Jord.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 44 (1903)

= Galium palustre var. constrictum (Chaub.) Duby; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 597 (1830)

= Galium palustre var. constrictum (Chaub.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 44 (1903), isonym

= Galium palustre var. debile (Desv.) Rchb.; XIX (1833)

= Galium palustre var. debile (Desv.) Tinant; Fl. Luxemb. 89 (1836), nom. superfl.

= Galium palustre var. elatius Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 436 (1828)

= Galium palustre var. humile (Lange) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 44 (1903)

species :

Galium decumbens (Ehrend.) Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 174(3-4): 207 (1991)

Distribution: C-Iran; N-Iran

34 IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium subvelutinum subsp. decumbens Ehrend.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 370 (1958)

species :

Galium degenii Bald. ex Degen; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 45: 131 (1895)

Distribution: North Macedonia; S-Albania; Greece (mountains of NW- & C-Greece)

13 ALB GRC NMA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium ossaeum Halácsy; Consp. Fl. Graec. 1: 717 (1901)

species :

Galium deistelii K.Krause; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 43: 160 (1909)

Distribution: Cameroon

23 CMN

species :

Galium delicatulum Boiss. & Hohen.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 10: 65 (1849)

Distribution: N-Iran (Mt. Demavend)

34 IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium subvelutinum subsp. delicatulum (Boiss. & Hohen.) Ehrend.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 371 (1958)

species :

Galium demissum Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1(3): 40 (1843)

subspecies :

subsp. demissum

Distribution: S-Bulgaria; NE-Greece (Mt. Athos, Mt. Pangaion); Turkey (NW-Anatolia: Bithynia)

13 BUL GRC 34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium pedunculatum Stoj. & Stef. ex Stef. & Jordanov; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 64: 513 (1931), nomen, Stoj. & Stef. in Magyar Bot. Lapok 32: 3, descr. (1933)

= Galium stojanovii subsp. pedunculatum (Stoj. & Stef.) Stoj. & Acht.; Izv. Carsk. Prir. Inst. Sofija 12: 186 (1939)

= Galium stojanovii var. abbreviatum Stoj.; Magyar Bot. Lapok 33: 2 (1934)

subspecies :

subsp. stojanovii (Degen) Ancev; Fl. Narodna Republ. Bulg. 9: 87 (1989)

Distribution: SW-Bulgaria (Pirin Pl.)

13 BUL

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium demissum f. intermedium (Stoj. & Acht.) Ancev; Fl. Narodna Republ. Bulg. 9: 87 (1989)

= Galium demissum f. stojanovii (Degen) Ancev; Fl. Narodna Republ. Bulg. 9: 87 (1989)

= Galium stojanovii Degen; Magyar Bot. Lapok 19: 48 (1920 publ. 1922)

= Galium stojanovii f. intermedium (Stoj. & Acht.) Ancev; Kozuharov & B. A. Kuzmanov (eds.), Evolyutsiya Tsvet. Rast. i Florogen. 1: 124 (1978)

= Galium stojanovii var. intermedium Stoj. & Acht.; Izv. Carsk. Prir. Inst. Sofija 12: 186 (1939)

species :

Galium dempsterae B.L.Turner; Madroño 30, 31 (1983)

Distribution: Mexico (Nuevo León)

79 MEX

species :

Galium densiflorum Ledeb.; Fl. Altaic. 1: 137 (1829)

Distribution: Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakuria); Russian Far East (Magadan); Kazakhstan

30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium densiflorum f. leiocarpum Printz; Veg. Siber.-Mongol. Front. 403 (1921)

species :

Galium densum Hook.f.; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 6: 461b (1847)

Distribution: Australia (South Australia, Victoria, Tasmania)

50 AUS

species :

Galium denticulatum Bartl. ex DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 612 (1830)

Distribution: Mexico (Hidalgo, Veracruz)

79 MEX

species :

Galium desereticum Dempster & Ehrend.; Brittonia 17: 314 (1965)

Name: Desert bedstraw

Distribution: USA (Nevada, Utah)

76 USA

species :

Galium diabolense Dempster; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 64: 28 (1973)

Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Norte)

79 MEX

species :

Galium dieckii Bornm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 4: 267 (1907)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, S-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Galium diffusoramosum Dempster & Ehrend.; Allertonia 2(8): 409 (1981)

Distribution: Chile (Antofagasta, Atacama, Coquimbo, Maule)

85 CLE

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium diffusum Clos; Gay

species :

Galium dincii Yild.; Ot Sist. Bot. Derg. 19(2): 46 (2012)

Distribution: Turkey (Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Galium diphyllum (K.Schum.) Dempster; Allertonia 3: 227 (1982)

Distribution: SE-Brazil (São Paulo)

84 BRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Relbunium diphyllum K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 117 (1889)

= Rubia diphylla (K.Schum.) K.Schum.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 4: 3 (1891)

species :

Galium diploprion Boiss. & Hohen.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 10: 66 (1849)

Distribution: Iran (N-Iran, W-Iran, C-Iran)

34 IRN

species :

Galium divaricatum Pourr. ex Lam.; Encycl. Méth. Bot. 2: 580 (1788)

Name: Lamarcks Labkraut (DE); Lamarck´s Bedstraw (EN)

Distribution: Belgium [I]; Switzerland [I]; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Baleares; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Serbia; Kosovo; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (scattered mainland, also many islands); Crete; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Ikaria, Fourni, Samos, Tilos, Rhodos); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Cyprus (C-Mountains); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel); Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); New Zealand [I]; Hawaii [I] (East Maui [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arkansas [I], California [I], Georgia [I], Indiana [I], Kentucky [I], Louisiana [I], Missouri [I], Mississippi [I], North Carolina [I], Oregon [I], Tennessee [I], Virginia [I], Vermont [I], West Virginia [I])

11 bgm HUN SLO swi 12 BAL COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI PTL ROM SIC SLV SRB TUE 20 ALG MOR TUN 34 CYP EAI ISR LEB TUR 50 aus 51 nzl 63 haw 73 usa 75 usa 76 usa 78 usa

Remarks: parisiense agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Aparinella tenuicaulis Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n. s. 16: 397 (1868)

= Galium anglicum subsp. divaricatum (Pourr. ex Lam.) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France 142 (1894)

= Galium anglicum subsp. tenuicaule (Jord.) Corb.; Nouv. Fl. Normandie 303 (1894)

= Galium anglicum var. divaricatum (Pourr. ex Lam.) Trevir.; Index Sem. (WROCL, Wratislaviensi) 1818: 3 (1818)

= Galium anglicum var. parvifolium (Gaudin ex Roem. & Schult.) DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 607 (1830)

= Galium aridicola Briq.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 11-12: 193 (1908)

= Galium divaricatum var. mungieri (Boiss. & Heldr.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 330 (1879)

= Galium divaricatum var. tenuicaule (Fourr.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 330 (1879)

= Galium gracile C.Presl; Prodr. Fl. Sicul. 60 (1819)

= Galium mungieri Boiss. & Heldr.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 72 (1875)

= Galium parisiense subsp. divaricatum (Pourr. ex Lam.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 46 (1903)

= Galium parisiense subsp. parvifolium (Gaudin ex Roem. & Schult.) Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 439 (1828)

= Galium parisiense var. australe Ewart & Jean White; Proc. Roy. Soc. Victoria 21: 549 (1909)

= Galium parisiense var. divaricatum (Pourr. ex Lam.) W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 284 (1835 publ. 1836)

= Galium parisiense var. tenuicaule (Fourr.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 46 (1903)

= Galium parvifolium Gaudin ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg. ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 246 (1818)

= Galium tenellum Clos; Fl. Chil. [Gay] 3: 188 (1848), nom. superfl.

= Galium tenuicaule Jord.; Mém. Acad. Sci. Lyon, Sect. Sci. 1: 81 (1852), nom. illeg.

species :

Galium domingense Iltis; Rhodora 59: 39 (1957)

Distribution: Cuba; Dominican Republic; Haiti

81 CUB HIS

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium brevipes Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 7: 415 (1912) (non Fernald & Wiegand 1910)

species :

Galium dumosum Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 3: 44 (1843)

Distribution: East Aegaean Isl. (Kastellorhizo Island group: Megisti Isl., Ro Isl.); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Lebanon (C-Lebanon)

34 EAI LEB TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium canum var. musciforme (Boiss.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 3: 66 (1875)

= Galium concinnum Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 3: 65 (1875), nom. illeg.

= Galium lycium Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 10: 71 (1849)

= Galium musciforme Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 3: 44 (1843)

species :

Galium duthiei R.Bhattacharjee; Bull. Bot. Surv. India 48(1-4): 62 (2006)

Distribution: Nepal; India (Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand)

40 IND NEP

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium duthiei var. glabriusculum R.Bhattacharjee; Bull. Bot. Surv. India 48(1-4): 65 (2006)

species :

Galium echinocarpum Hayata; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30: Art. 1, 147 (1911)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

species :

Galium ecuadoricum Dempster; Allertonia 2: 253 (1980)

Distribution: Ecuador

83 ECU

species :

Galium ehrenbergii Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 3: 53 (1875)

Distribution: Lebanon (C-Lebanon)

34 LEB

species :

Galium elbursense Bornm. & Gauba; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 49: 258 (1940)

Distribution: Iran (N-Iran)

34 IRN

species :

Galium elegans Wall.; Fl. Ind. [Carey & Wallich ed.] 1: 382 (1820)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Gansu, Guizhou, Hunan, Qinghai, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Tibet; Taiwan; Pakistan (Chitral, Swat, Murree, Astor, Gilgit); Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, West Bengal); Bangladesh; N-Myanmar; Thailand; Borneo; Java

36 CHI TIB 38 TAI 40 BAN BHU IND NEP PAK 41 MYA THA 42 BOR JAW

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium hamiltonii Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 4(2), Cur. Post. 39 (1827)

= Galium javanicum var. leiocarpum Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 339 (1857)

= Galium latifolium Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don; Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 133 (1825), nom. illeg.

= Galium petiolatum E.T.Geddes; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1928: 246 (1928)

= Galium pseudoellipticum Lingelsh. & Borza; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 391 (1915)

= Galium requienianum Wight & Arn.; Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. 1: 443 (1834)

= Galium rotundifolium var. leiocarpum (Miq.) Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 3: 205 (1881)

variant :

var. glabriusculum Req. ex DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 600 (1830)

Distribution: China (Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan); Tibet; Nepal; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Kashmir, Manipur, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, West Bengal)

36 CHI TIB 40 IND NEP

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium elegans f. glabriusculum (Req. ex DC.) H.Hara ex H.Ohba; J. Jap. Bot. 66(5): 303 (1991)

variant :

var. nephrostigmaticum (Diels) W.C.Chen; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 28(4): 301 (1990)

Distribution: China (Gansu, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium nephrostigmaticum Diels; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 5: 279 (1912)

variant :

var. punduanum (Wall. ex Craib) Cufod.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 89: 230 (1940)

Distribution: Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Manipur, Meghalaya, Sikkim); Myanmar; Thailand

40 BHU IND NEP 41 MYA THA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium elegans f. vestitum (D.Don) H.Hara; Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal 2: 201 (1979)

= Galium vestitum D.Don; Prodr. Fl. Nep. 133 (1825)

= Galium punduanum Wall. ex Craib; Fl. Siam. 2: 233 (1934)

variant :

var. velutinum Cufod.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 89: 230 (1940)

Distribution: China (Sichuan, Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium mairei H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 180 (1914)

species :

Galium elongatum C.Presl; Prodr. Fl. Sicul. 59 (1819)

Name: Hohes Labkraut (DE); Raspilla larga (ES)

Distribution: England; Ireland; Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Baleares; France; Channel Isl.; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Malta; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Serbia; Kosovo; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Greece (scattered to rare mainland); S-European Russia; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; NW-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Canary Isl. (Tenerife); Georgia [Caucasus]; Turkey (N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SSW-Anatolia); Iran (N-Iran); Israel (Rift Valley)

10 DEN FIN GRB IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE NET POL SLO SWI 12 BAL CIS COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MLT ROM SIC SLV SRB 14 EST KRY LAT LIT RUS UKR 20 ALG MOR TUN 21 CNY 33 GEO 34 IRN ISR TUR

Remarks: palustre agg. Separated from G. palustre (2n: 24) on cytological basis (2n: 96)

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium elongatum f. submersum Glück; Biol. Morphol. Untersuch. Wasser- Sumpfgew. 3: 33 (1911)

= Galium maximum Moris; Stirp. Sard. Elench. 1: 55 (1827)

= Galium palustre f. elongatum (C.Presl) Borza; Consp. Fl. Român. 2: 258 (1949), isonym

= Galium palustre f. elongatum (C.Presl) Lindm.; Sv. Fanerogamfl. 507 (1918)

= Galium palustre subsp. elongatum (C.Presl) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. 312 (1882), isonym

= Galium palustre subsp. elongatum (C.Presl) Lange; Oeder et al., Fl. Dan. 16: t. MMDCCLXV (1869)

= Galium palustre var. elatior Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 436 (1828)

= Galium palustre var. elongatum (C.Presl) Rchb.f.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. [H. G. L. Reichenbach] 17: 95, t. 144 (1855)

= Galium palustre var. lanceolatum Uechtr.; Flora (Regensburg) 5: 440 (1822)

= Galium palustre var. maximum T.Marsson; 220 (1869), non Heinr. Braun

species :

Galium emeryense Dempster & Ehrend.; Great Basin Naturalist 37(4): 510 (1977 publ. 1978)

subspecies :

subsp. emeryense

Name: Emery County bedstraw

Distribution: USA (New Mexico, Utah)

76 USA 77 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium coloradoense var. scabriusculum Dempster; Brittonia 11: 120 (1959)

= Galium hypotrichium subsp. scabriusculum Ehrend.; Contr. Dudley Herb. 5: 13 (1956)

= Galium nitidulum var. scabriusculum Heinr.Braun ex Oborný; Fl. Mähren 1: 737 (1885)

= Galium scabriusculum (Ehrend.) Dempster & Ehrend.; Brittonia 17: 312 (1965)

subspecies :

subsp. protoscabriusculum (Dempster & Ehrend.) Dempster & Ehrend.; Great Basin Naturalist 37(4): 510 (1977 publ. 1978)

Name: Emery County bedstraw

Distribution: USA (Utah)

76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium scabriusculum subsp. protoscabriusculum Dempster & Ehrend.; Brittonia 17: 312 (1965)

species :

Galium ephedroides Willk.; Linnaea 25: 30 (1852)

Distribution: SE-Spain (Almeria); Morocco; Algeria

12 SPA 20 ALG MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium ephedroides var. citrinum Maire & Wilczek; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 25: 303 (1934)

= Galium ephedroides var. oranense Hochr.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 7-8: 212 (1904)

= Galium ephedroides var. rupicola Batt.; Batt. & Trab., Fl. Algérie, Dicot. 395 (1890)

= Galium fruticosum subsp. ephedroides (Willk.) Pau & Font Quer; Font Quer, Exsicc. (Iter Marocc.) 1927: no. 606 (1928)

= Galium fruticosum var. citrinum (Maire & Wilczek) Emb. & Maire; Jahand. et al., Cat. Pl. Maroc 4: 1134 (1941)

= Galium fruticosum var. rupicola (Batt.) Maire; Jahand. et al., Cat. Pl. Maroc 3: 712 (1934)

= Galium rupicola Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 74 (1874), nom. illeg.

species :

Galium equisetoides (Cham. & Schltdl.) Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 11: 212 (1936)

Distribution: SE-Brazil (São Paulo); S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Caaguazu, Central, Cordillera, Guaira, San Pedro); Uruguay; Argentina (Corrientes)

84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU

Synonyms: hidden

= Relbunium equisetoides (Cham. & Schltdl.) Ehrend.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 76: 533 (1955)

= Rubia equiseoides Cham. & Schltdl.; Linnaea 3: 232 (1828)

species :

Galium ericoides Lam.; Encycl. Méth. Bot. 2: 583 (1786)

Distribution: S-Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul); Uruguay (Canelones, Cerro Largo, Colonia, Florida Prov., Lavalleja, Maldonado, Montevideo, Rivera, Rocha, Soriano)

84 BRA 85 URU

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium ericoides var. intermedium Cham. & Schltdl.; Linnaea 3: 226 (1828)

= Galium mycrosphyllum Larrañaga; Escr. D. A. Larrañaga 2: 61 (1923)

= Relbunium ericoides (Lam.) K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 109 (1889)

species :

Galium eriocarpum Bartl. ex DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 600 (1830)

Distribution: Argentina (Mendoza, Neuquén); Chile (Coquimbo, Valparaíso, Metropolitana de Santiago, O´Higgins, Maule, Ñuble)

85 ARG CLE

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium brevifolium Phil.; Linnaea 33: 98 (1864), nom. illeg.

= Galium eriocarpum var. leiocarpum Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3: 120 (1898)

= Galium philippii Briq.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 11 &12: 190 (1908)

species :

Galium eruptivum Krendl; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien B 104: 580 (2003)

Distribution: Austria; Hungary; Serbia; Romania

11 AUT HUN 13 ROM SRB

species :

Galium erythrorrhizon Boiss. & Reut.; Pugillus 51 (1852)

Distribution: S-Spain (Sa. Nevada, Sierra de Cazorla)

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium debeauxii Degen & Hervier; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 15: 96 (1905)

= Galium erythrorrhizon f. umbrosum Pau; Carta Bot. 2: 6 (1905)

= Galium erythrorrhizon var. debeauxii (Degen & Hervier) Cuatrec.; Treb. Mus. Ci. Nat. Barcelona, Sèr. Bot. 12: 435 (1929)

species :

Galium espiniacicum Dempster; Allertonia 5: 299 (1990)

Distribution: SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais)

84 BRA

species :

Galium estebanii Sennen; Diag. Nouv. 289 (1936)

Distribution: N-, EC- & SE-Spain; Andorra; S-France (Corbiéres)

12 ADO FRA SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium estebani var. leioclados (Pau) Ortega Oliv. & Devesa; Acta Bot. Malac. 28: 208 (2003)

= Galium pinetorum Ehrend.; Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Abt. 1, 169: 410 (1960)

= Galium pumilum subsp. pinetorum (Ehrend.) Vigo; Arxius Secc. Ci. Inst. Estud. Catalans 37: 91 (1968)

= Galium sylvestre f. leioclados Pau; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 9: 59 (1910)

= Galium sylvestre var. curvifolium Pau; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 9: 59 (1910)

species :

Galium exaltatum Krendl; Bot. Chronika 6-7: 46 (1986-1987 publ. 1988)

Distribution: North Macedonia; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (NE- & NC-Greece)

13 BUL GRC NMA TUE

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium agrophilum Krendl; Bot. Chronika 6-7: 49 (1986-1987 publ. 1988) (fide Strid 2024)

= Galium avascense Krendl; Bot. Chronika 6-7: 80 (1986-1987 publ. 1988)

species :

Galium exile Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 3: 207 (1881)

Distribution: China (Gansu, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan); Tibet; Nepal; N-India (Sikkim, Kumaon)

36 CHI TIB 40 IND NEP

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium handelii Cufod.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 89: 234 (1940) (non Nábelek)

species :

Galium exstipulatum P.H.Davis; Kew Bull. 4: 102 (1949)

Distribution: Palestine

34 PAL

species :

Galium exsurgens Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37: 263, t. 3, f. D (1979)

Distribution: Turkey (SSW-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Galium extensum Krendl; Bot. Chronika 6-7: 89 (1986-1987 publ. 1988)

Distribution: Crete (fairly widespread)

13 KRI

species :

Galium falconeri R.Bhattacharjee; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 30(3): 484 (2006)

Distribution: India (Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand)

40 IND

species :

Galium fendleri A.Gray; Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts, n. s., 4(1): 60 (1849)

Name: Fendler´s bedstraw

Distribution: USA (Arizona, New Mexico, Texas); Mexico (Chihuahua, Sonora)

76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX

species :

Galium ferrugineum K.Krause; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 40: 349 (1908)

subspecies :

subsp. ferrugineum

Distribution: Peru

83 PER

subspecies :

subsp. jamesonii Dempster; Allertonia 2: 407 (1981)

Distribution: Ecuador

83 ECU

species :

Galium festivum Krendl; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 82: 309 (1978 publ. 1979)

Distribution: SW-France (C-Pyrenees)

12 FRA

species :

Galium filipes Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 809 (1917)

Distribution: USA (Utah, Nevada)

76 USA

species :

Galium firmum Tausch; Flora (Regensburg) 14: 122 (1831)

Distribution: Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania

13 ALB BIH CRO KOS NMA SLV SRB

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium apiculatum Spruner ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 328 (1879)

= Galium aureum var. floribundum Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 328 (1879)

= Galium aureum var. oblongifolium Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 3: 61 (1875)

= Galium aureum var. scabrifolium Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 3: 61 (1875)

= Galium aureum Vis.; Orto Bot. Padov. (1842) 134, in not., Fl. Dalmat. 3: 6

= Galium corrudifolium K.Koch; Linnaea 24: 466 (1851), nom. illeg.

= Galium floribundum Bory & Chaub.; Nouv. Fl. Pélop. 10 (1838), nom. superfl.

= Galium lucidum var. chrysococus K.Koch; Linnaea 17: 32 (1843)

= Galium oblongifolium Heldr. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 328 (1879), nom. inval.

= Galium rupestre DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 603 (1830), nom. illeg.

= Galium spruneri Jord.; Observ. Pl. Nouv. 3: 116 (1846)

species :

Galium fissurense Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37: 249 (1979)

Distribution: Turkey (N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia)

34 TUR

species :

Galium fistulosum Sommier & Levier; Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital., Ser. II. 3: 31 (1894), et in Act. Hort. Petrop. 13: 195 (1894)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Azerbaijan

33 AZE NCS

species :

Galium flavescens Borbás; Akad. Közl. ll(7): 266 (1874), ex Kern., Sched. 3: 958 (1884)

Distribution: N-North Macedonia; C-Romania; Bulgaria; ?European Turkey

13 BUL NMA ROM

Remarks: incurvum agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium asparagifolium A.Kern.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 20: 327 (1870), nom. illeg.

= Galium flavescens var. brevifolium Ancev; Dokl. Bulg. Akad. Nauk 28(11): 1535 (1975)

= Galium flavicans Borbás; Math. Term. Közlem. 1884: 6 (1884)

= Galium marisense Simonk.; Enum. Fl. Transsilv. 281 (1886)

= Galium ochroleucum Kit. ex Schult.; Österr. Fl., ed. 2, 1: 305 (1814), nom. illeg.

= Galium scabridiforme Ronniger; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 43 (1921)

species :

Galium flaviflorum (Trautv.) Mikheev; Bot. Zhurn., 77(10): 72 (1992)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Azerbaijan

33 AZE NCS

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium mollugo var. flaviflorum Trautv.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 5: 439 (1878)

species :

Galium floribundum Sm.; Sibth. & Sm., Prodr. Fl. Graec. 1: 94 (1806)

subspecies :

subsp. floribundum

Name: Dichtblühendes Labkraut (DE); Denseflowering Bedstraw (EN)

Distribution: European Turkey; NE-Greece (Samothraki); East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Chios, Fourni, Samos, Kalimnos, Kos, Nisyros, Tilos, Simi, Chalki, Rhodos); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia)

13 GRC TUE 34 EAI TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium floribundum var. leiocarpum Bornm.; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Vereins N. F. 24: 65 (1908)

= Galium nebulosum Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 3: 49 (1843)

= Galium nigricans f. antrorsum Candargy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 44: 456 (1897)

= Galium pseudointricatum Candargy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 44: 149 (1897)

subspecies :

subsp. airoides Hub.-Mor. ex Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37(2): 262 (1979)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Galium formosense Ohwi; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 36: 55 (1934)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium kwanzanense Ohwi; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 36: 56 (1934)

species :

Galium forrestii Diels; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 5: 279 (1912)

Distribution: China (Sichuan, Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Galium fosbergii Dempster; Madroño 35(1): 3 (1988)

Distribution: Ecuador

83 ECU

species :

Galium friedrichii N.Torres, L.Sáez, Mus & Rosselló; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 136(3): 316 (2001), nom. nov.

Distribution: Baleares (Ibiza, Formentera)

12 BAL

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium firmum f. balearicum Knoche; Fl. Baléar. 2: 421 (1922)

= Galium firmum subsp. balearicum (Knoche) Malag.; Las Subesp. y Variac. Geogr. 13 (1973)

species :

Galium fruticosum Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 1: 585 (1798)

Distribution: Crete (W- & C-Crete)

13 KRI

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium dichotomum Lehm.; Index Sem. (HBG, Hamburgensis) 1823: 7 (1823)

= Galium junceum Sm.; Sibth. & Sm., Fl. Graec. Prodr. 1: 91 (1806), nom. illeg.

species :

Galium fuegianum Hook.f.; Fl. Antarct. 302 (1844)

Distribution: Argentina (Chubut, La Pampa, Neuquén, Rio Negro, Santa Cruz, Tierra del Fuego); Chile (O´Higgins, Maule, Ñuble, Biobío, Araucanía, Aisén, Magallanes)

85 ARG CLE

species :

Galium fuscum M.Martens & Galeotti; Bull. Acad. Roy. Belg. ll(1): 126 (1844)

subspecies :

subsp. fuscum

Distribution: Mexico (Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Jalisco, Oaxaca, Puebla, Veracruz)

79 MEX

subspecies :

subsp. altiplanicum Dempster; Univ. calif. Publ. Bot. 73: 18 (1978)

Distribution: Mexico

79 MEX

subspecies :

subsp. guerrericum Dempster; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 73: 18 (1978)

Distribution: Mexico

79 MEX

subspecies :

subsp. hypadenium (Schauer) Dempster; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 64: 16 (1973)

Distribution: Mexico (Queretaro, Veracruz)

79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium hypadenium Schauer; Linnaea 20: 700 (1847)

= Galium leucotrichum Hemsl.; Diag. Pl. Nov. 53 (1880)

species :

Galium galapagoense Wiggins; Madroño 20: 250 (1970)

Distribution: Galapagos

83 GAL

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium reynoldsii Dempster; Allertonia 2: 255 (1990)

species :

Galium galiopsis (Hand.-Mazz.) Ehrend.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 364 (1958)

Distribution: Turkey (SE-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Asperula galiopsis Hand.-Mazz.; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 27: 426, t. 17, f. 1, t. 18, f. 2 (1913)

species :

Galium gaudichaudii DC.; Prod. 4: 607 (1830)

subspecies :

subsp. gaudichaudii

Distribution: Australia (South Australia, Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania)

50 AUS

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium axiflorum f. laxeramosum Miq.; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 4: 113 (1856)

= Galium axiflorum f. minor Miq.; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 4: 113 (1856)

= Galium axiflorum F.Muell. ex Miq.; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 4: 113 (1859)

= Galium umbrosum var. gaudichaudii (DC.) Maiden & Betche; Census N.S.W. Pl. 188 (1916)

subspecies :

subsp. parviflorum I.Thomps.; Muelleria 27(1): 98 (2009)

Distribution: Australia (Tasmania, South Australia, Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria)

50 AUS

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium axiflorum f. procerum Miq.; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 4: 113 (1856)

species :

Galium geminiflorum Lowe; Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. 6: reimpr. 19 (1838)

Distribution: Madeira (Ilhas Desertas, Porto Santo Isl.); Islas Selvagens

21 MDR SEL

species :

Galium ghilanicum Stapf; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 50: 53 (1886)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Armenia; Turkey (SSW-Anatolia); Iraq (NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Iran (N-Iran); Afghanistan (Badakshan, Baghlan, Balkh, Kunar / Nuristan, Takhar); China (Xinjiang); NE-Pakistan; NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand)

32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM 34 AFG IRN IRQ TUR 36 CHI 40 IND PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium chitralensis Nazim.; Fl. Pakistan, 190: 69 (1989)

= Galium parisiense var. brachypodum Boiss.; Fl. 3: 72 (1875)

= Galium transcaucasicum Stapf; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 50: 52 (1885)

species :

Galium gilliesii Hook. & Arn.; Hook. Bot. Misc. 3: 364 (1833)

subspecies :

subsp. gilliesii

Distribution: Argentina (Mendoza, San Juan); Chile (Atacama, Coquimbo, Valparaíso, Metropolitana de Santiago, O´Higgins)

85 ARG CLE

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium lanatum Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3: 120 (1898)

subspecies :

subsp. telanthos (Phil.) Dempster; Allertonia 2: 278 (1980)

Distribution: Argentina (Mendoza, Neuquén); Chile (Coquimbo, Metropolitana de Santiago, O´Higgins, Maule)

85 ARG CLE

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium telanthos Phil.; Anales Univ. Chile 85: 733 (1894)

= Galium trichocarpum var. telanthos (Phil.) Reiche; Anales Univ. Chile 106: 982 (1900)

= Galium volckmannii Phil.; Anales Univ. Chile 85: 732 (1894)

species :

Galium glaberrimum Hemsl.; Diag. Pl. Nov. 3: 53 (1878)

Distribution: Mexico (Oaxaca)

79 MEX

species :

Galium glabrescens (Ehrend.) Dempster & Ehrend.; Brittonia 17: 330 (1965)

subspecies :

subsp. glabrescens

Name: Castle Lake bedstraw

Distribution: USA (California, Oregon)

73 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium grayanum subsp. glabrescens Ehrend.; Contr. Dudley Herb. 5: 15 (1956)

subspecies :

subsp. harticum Dempster & Ehrend.; Brittonia 17: 333 (1965)

Distribution: USA (Oregon)

73 USA

subspecies :

subsp. josephinense Dempster & Ehrend.; Brittonia 17: 332 (1965)

Distribution: USA (Oregon)

73 USA

subspecies :

subsp. modocense Dempster & Ehrend.; Brittonia 17: 333 (1965)

Name: Modoc bedstraw

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

species :

Galium glabriusculum Ehrend.; Fl. China 19: 135 (2011), nom. nov.

Distribution: China (Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Xinjiang)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium smithii Cufod.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 89: 236 (1940), nom. illeg., not G. Don 1834

species :

Galium glaciale K.Krause; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 43: 159 (1909)

Distribution: Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania

25 KEN TAN UGA

variant :

var. satimmae Verdc.; Kew Bull. 28(3): 493 (1973 publ. 1974)

Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Kenya

23 ZAI 25 KEN

species :

Galium glandulosum Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7: 1028 (1936)

Distribution: China (Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet

36 CHI TIB

species :

Galium glaucophyllum Em.Schmid; Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 78: 253 (1933)

Distribution: Sardinia

12 SAR

species :

Galium glaucum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 107 (1753)

subspecies :

subsp. glaucum

Name: Blaugrünes Labkraut, Waxy bedstraw

Distribution: Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen [I], Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein [I], Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Austria; ?Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Serbia; Kosovo; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Ukraine; Crimea; Canada [I] (Ontario [I], Québec [I]); USA [I] (Connecticut [I], New Jersey [I])

11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LUX SLO SWI 12 FRA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO ITA KOS ROM SLV SRB 14 KRY UKR 72 cdn 75 usa

Synonyms: hidden

= Asperula campanulata (Vill.) Klokov; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 18: 226 (1957)

= Asperula galioidea St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 13 (1880), et 8: 161 (1881)

= Asperula galioides var. glauca (L.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 332 (1879)

= Asperula galioides var. hirsuta Wallr.; Exsicc. 60 (1822)

= Asperula galioides var. pyrenaica (Gaudin) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 54 (1903)

= Asperula galioides var. rigidior Rchb.; XIX (1833)

= Asperula galioides var. saxonica (Gaudin) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 55 (1903)

= Asperula galioides var. strictissima (Schur) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 332 (1879)

= Asperula galioides var. tenerior Rchb.; XIX (1833)

= Asperula glauca (L.) Besser; Enum. Pl. Volh. 7 (1821)

= Asperula glauca f. coronata Kucowa; Pawl., 289. 288 (1967)

= Asperula glauca var. hirsuta (Wallr.) Simonk.; 279 (1887)

= Asperula strictissima Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 277 (1866)

= Asterophyllum galioides (M.Bieb.) K.F.Schimp. & Spenn.; Spenn., Fl. Friburg. 3: 1077 (1829)

= Galium alpinum Scheele; Linnaea 17: 341 (1844)

= Galium campanulatum var. hirsutum (Wallr.) Roth; Enum. Pl. Phaen. Germ. 1(1): 467 (1827)

= Galium campanulatum Vill.; Prosp. Hist. Pl. Dauphiné [Villars] 19 (1779), nom. illeg.

= Galium glaucum subsp. hirsutum (Wallr.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 9: 273 (1974)

= Galium glaucum var. grandiflorum Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 425 (1828)

= Galium glaucum var. hirsutum (Wallr.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 18: 176 (1973)

= Galium glaucum var. lugdunense Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 425 (1828)

= Galium glaucum var. massiliense Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 425 (1828)

= Galium glaucum var. pyrenaicum Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 425 (1828)

= Galium glaucum var. saxicola Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 425 (1828)

= Galium glaucum var. saxonicum Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 425 (1828)

= Galium grandiflorum Clairv.; Man. Herbor. Suisse 41 (1811), nom. illeg.

= Galium halleri Suter; Helvet. Fl. 1: 88 (1802)

= Galium montanum L.; Sp. Pl., ed. 2 [Linnaeus] 155 (1762)

= Galium montanum Pollich; Hist. Pl. Palat. 1: 154 (1776), nom. illeg.

subspecies :

subsp. australe Franco; Nova Fl. Portugal 2: 79, 565 (1984)

Distribution: Portugal; NW-Spain

12 POR SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium decumanum Krendl; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 82: 305 (1978 publ. 1979)

= Galium teres Merino; Fl. Galicia 2: 286 (1906)

subspecies :

subsp. murcicum (Boiss. & Reut.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Fl. Països Catalans 3: 569 (1995)

Distribution: SE-Spain

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Asperula galioides Bourg. ex Willk. & Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 312 (1868), nom. inval.

= Asperula glauca f. subpruinosa Cuatrec.; Treb. Mus. Ci. Nat. Barcelona, Sèr. Bot. 12: 432 (1929)

= Asperula glauca subsp. pruinosa Cuatrec.; Treb. Mus. Ci. Nat. Barcelona, Sèr. Bot. 12: 432 (1929), non (Boiss.) Cuatrec. [Misapplied]

= Asperula glauca var. murcica (Boiss. & Reut.) Pau; Treb. Mus. Ci. Nat. Barcelona, Sèr. Bot. 5(7): 40 (1926)

= Galium murcicum Boiss. & Reut.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 2, 2: 114 (1856)

species :

Galium globuliferum Hub.-Mor. & Reese; Candollea 10: 153, t. 7 (1945)

Distribution: Turkey (SW-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Galium glomeratiflorum S.S.Ying; New Taxa New Names 7: 191 (2024)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Galium gracilicaule Bacigalupo & Ehrend.; Darwiniana 18: 27 (1973)

Distribution: Argentina (Jujuy, Tucuman)

85 ARG

species :

Galium graecum L.; Mant. Pl. 38 (1767)

subspecies :

subsp. graecum

Name: Griechisches Labkraut (DE); Greek Bedstraw (EN)

Distribution: East Aegaean Isl. (Samos, Dodecanese, Kos, Tilos, Simi, Chalki, Rhodos); Turkey (SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia)

34 EAI TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Rubia graeca (L.) Baill.; Hist. Pl. 7: 376 (1880)

= Galium junceum Schreb.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 3: 478 (1767)

subspecies :

subsp. pseudocanum Ehrend.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 105: 254 (1958)

Distribution: Crete (widespread, incl. islets); East Aegaean Isl. (Samos)

13 KRI 34 EAI

species :

Galium grande McClatchie; Erythea 2: 124 (1894)

Name: San Gabriel bedstraw

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium pubens var. grande (McClatchie) Jeps.; Man. Fl. Calif. 961 (1925)

species :

Galium grayanum Ehrend.; Contr. Dudley Herb. 5: 15 (1956)

Name: Gray´s bedstraw

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

variant :

var. nanum Dempster & Ehrend.; Brittonia 17: 321 (1965)

Distribution: USA (California, Nevada)

76 USA

species :

Galium guadalupense (Spreng.) L.Andersson; Scripta Bot. Belg. 1: 32, 116, 184 (1992)

Distribution: Nevis; St. Kitts; Guadeloupe; Dominica

81 DOM GDL STK

Synonyms: hidden

= Rubia guadalupensis Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 397 (1824)

= Relbunium guadalupense (Spreng.) Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 7: 416 (1912)

= Galium guadalupense (Spreng.) Govaerts; Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 98: 812 (2012), isonym

species :

Galium guanwuense S.S.Ying; New Taxa New Names 6: 178 (2023)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Galium hainesii Schönb.-Tem.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 127: 303 (1977)

Distribution: Iraq (NE-Iraq)

34 IRQ

species :

Galium hallii Munz & I.M.Johnst.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 49: 358 (1922 publ. 1923)

Name: Hall´s bedstraw

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

species :

Galium hardhamiae Dempster; Madroño 16: 167 (1962)

Name: Hardham´s bedstraw

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

species :

Galium hatschbachii Dempster; Allertonia 5: 303 (1990)

Distribution: S-Brazil (Paraná, Santa Catarina)

84 BRA

species :

Galium haussknechtii Ehrend.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 389 (1958)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq)

34 IRQ TUR

species :

Galium heldreichii Halácsy; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 47: 94 (1897)

Name: Heldreichs Labkraut (DE); Heldreich´s Bedstraw (EN)

Distribution: North Macedonia; Bulgaria; Greece (scattered C- & S-mainland, Evvoia, Sporades, Naxos); Crete; East Aegaean Isl. (Chios, Ikaria, Fourni, Samos, Kos, Rhodos); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia)

13 BUL GRC KRI NMA 34 EAI TUR

Remarks: mollugo agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium conforme Krendl; Bot. Chronika 6-7: 91 (1986-1987 publ. 1988)

= Galium firmum var. citraceum Boiss. & Heldr. ex Halácsy; Consp. Fl. Graec. 1: 713 (1901)

= Galium samium Krendl; Bot. Chronika 6-7: 39 (1986-1987 publ. 1988)

species :

Galium hellenicum Krendl; Bot. Chronika 6-7: 73 (1986-1987 publ. 1988)

Distribution: ?Serbia; Kosovo; Bulgaria; Greece (mountains of N- & C-Greece, Kerkyra, Lefkada, Kefalonia)

13 BUL GRC KOS

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium circae Krendl; Bot. Chronika 6-7: 70 (1986-1987 publ. 1988) (fide Strid 2024)

= Galium malickyi Krendl; Bot. Chronika 6-7: 150 (1986-1987 publ. 1988) (fide Strid 2024)

= Galium mixtum Krendl; Bot. Chronika 6-7: 105 (1986-1987 publ. 1988) (fide Strid 2024)

species :

Galium hexanarium Knjaz.; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 88(12): 86 (2003)

Distribution: E-European Russia

14 RUS

species :

Galium hierochuntinum Bornm.; Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 48: 596 (1898)

Distribution: Israel (Rift Valley)

34 ISR

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium hierochuntinum var. papillosum Feinbrun; Israel J. Bot. 25(12): 81 (1976)

species :

Galium hierosolymitanum L.; Fl. Palaest. 13 no. 73 (1756) et Amoen. Acad. 4: 451 (1759)

Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel); Jordania (W-Jordania)

34 ISR JOR TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium hierosolymitanum var. glabrum Post; Fl. Syria 388 (1896)

= Galium hierosolymitanum var. hispidum Post; Fl. Syria 388 (1896)

= Galium trachyanthum Boiss. & Hohen.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 3: 50 (1843)

species :

Galium hilendiae Dempster & Ehrend.; Brittonia 17: 310 (1965)

subspecies :

subsp. hilendiae

Name: Hilend´s bedstraw

Distribution: USA (California, Nevada)

76 USA

subspecies :

subsp. carneum (Hilend & Howell) Dempster & Ehrend.; Brittonia 17: 311 (1965)

Name: Panamint Mountains bedstraw

Distribution: USA (California, Nevada)

76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium munzii var. carneum Hilend & J.T.Howell; Leafl. W. Bot. 1: 136 (1934)

subspecies :

subsp. kingstonense (Dempster) Dempster & Ehrend.; Brittonia 17: 311 (1965)

Name: Kingston Mountains bedstraw

Distribution: USA (California, Nevada)

76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium munzii var. kingstonense Dempster; Brittonia 10: 190 (1958)

species :

Galium hintoniorum B.L.Turner; Phytologia 80(4): 285 (1996)

Distribution: Mexico (Tamaulipas)

79 MEX

species :

Galium hirtiflorum Req. ex DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 600 (1830)

Distribution: Nepal; NE-India (Sikkim, Uttarakhand)

40 IND NEP

Remarks: records for Pakistan and Kashmir refer to G. subtrinervium

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium ciliatum D.Don; Prodr. Fl. Nep. 133 (1825), non Ruiz & Pav. (1798)

= Galium hirtiflorum var. hirsutum T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 66(1): 52 (1991)

species :

Galium hirtum Lam.; Encycl. Méth. Bot. 2: 583 (1786)

Distribution: S-Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Uruguay (Cerro Largo, Flores Prov., Lavalleja, Maldonado, Montevideo, Rivera, Rocha, Soriano, Treinta y Tres); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Misiones)

84 BRA 85 ARG URU

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium geminum Larrañaga; Escr. D. A. Larrañaga 2: 61 (1923)

= Galium reflexum Pohl ex DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 604 (1830)

= Relbunium hirtum (Lam.) K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 107 (1889)

= Relbunium hirtum f. minor K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 108 (1888)

= Relbunium malmei Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 8: 396 (1931)

species :

Galium hoffmeisteri (Klotzsch) Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem. ex R.R.Mill; Edinburgh J. Bot. 53(1): 95 (1996)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Kunar / Nuristan, Nangarhar, Paktia / Khost); China (Heilongjiang, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan); Tibet; North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Pakistan (Swat, Hazara, Waziristan, Dir, Pakistani Punjab, Rawalpindi); Nepal; Bhutan; Bhutan; N-India (Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, West Bengal); N-Myanmar

34 AFG 36 CHI TIB 38 JAP KOR NKO 40 BHU IND NEP PAK 41 MYA

Synonyms: hidden

= Asperula hoffmeisteri Klotzsch; Bot. Ergebn. Reise Waldemar [Klotzsch & Garcke] 87 (1862)

= Galium asperuloides subsp. hoffmeisteri (Klotzsch) H.Hara; Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal 2: 201 (1979)

= Galium asperuloides var. hoffmeisteri (Klotzsch) Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7: 1027 (1936)

= Galium asperulopsis H.J.P.Winkl.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 12: 492 (1922)

= Galium japonicum f. stenophyllum Kitag.; J. Geobot. 19(4): 92 (1971)

= Galium trifloriforme var. nipponicum (Makino) Nakai ex Mori; Enum. Pl. Corea 324 (1922)

= Galium triflorum var. hoffmeisteri (Klotzsch) Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 3: 205 (1881)

species :

Galium hohuanshanense S.S.Ying; New Taxa New Names 3: 104 (2022)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Galium huancavelicum Dempster; Allertonia 2: 400 (1981)

Distribution: Peru

83 PER

species :

Galium huber-morathii Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37: 253 (1979)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Galium humifusum M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 104 (1808)

Name: Spreading bedstraw

Distribution: Hungary [I]; Romania; Bulgaria; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Iran (widespread); Afghanistan (Badakshan, Badghys, Baghlan, Balkh, Faryab, Jawzjan / Sar-e-Pol, Kabul, Paktia / Khost, Qunduz, Samangan, Takhar); Cyprus (E-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, NW-Syria); Israel (Rift Valley); Jordania (S-Jordania); China (Xinjiang); Mongolia; Pakistan (Quetta); New Zealand [I]; USA [I] (Washington State [I])

11 hun 13 BUL ROM 14 BLR KRY LIT RUS UKR 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG CYP IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR 36 CHI 37 MON 40 PAK 51 nzl 73 usa

Synonyms: hidden

= Asperula besseriana Klokov; Kotov, Fl. URSR 10: 456 (1961)

= Asperula cincinnata Klokov; Fl. URSR 10: 456 (1961)

= Asperula conferta (K.Koch) Stankov; Stankov & Taliev, Syst. Classif. Vasc. Pl. Eur. Russ. 579 (1949), nom. illeg.

= Asperula debilis Ledeb.; Weinm., Bot. Gart. Dorpat, Suppl. 2 (1824)

= Asperula dissitiflora Post; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 24: 432 (1888)

= Asperula ghautensis Post; Pl. Post. 3: 10 (1892)

= Asperula humifusa (M.Bieb.) Besser; Cat. Jard. Bot. Krzemieniec, Suppl. 3: 4 (1811)

= Asperula humifusa f. glaberrima Nábelek; Spisy Prír. Fak. Masarykovy Univ. 35: 134 (1923)

= Asperula humifusa f. hirsuta Nábelek; Spisy Prír. Fak. Masarykovy Univ. 35: 134 (1923)

= Asperula humifusa var. aspera Regel & Herder; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 40(1): 8 (1867)

= Asperula humifusa var. conferta K.Koch; Linnaea 17: 32 (1843)

= Asperula humifusa var. debilis (Ledeb.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 332 (1879)

= Asperula humifusa var. debilis (Ledeb.) Regel & Herder; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 40(1): 8 (1867)

= Asperula humifusa var. diffusa K.Koch; Linnaea 17: 32 (1843)

= Asperula humifusa var. pycnantha (Boiss.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 3: 45 (1875)

= Asperula humifusa var. trichantha Regel & Herder; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 40(1): 8 (1867)

= Asperula insuavis Pobed.; Fl. URSS 23: 708 (1958)

= Asperula pycnantha Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 1, 10: 64 (1849)

= Asperula pycnantha var. lasiocarpa Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 10: 64 (1849)

= Asperula turkestanica Nevski; Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 4: 275 (1937), nom. prov.

= Galium apricum Sieber ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 657 (1840)

= Galium cincinnatum (Klokov) Ostapko; Konspekt Fl. Yugo-Vost. Ukrainy 130 (1985), et Minlivist´ Sinantropn. Popul. Rosl. 26 (1997)

= Galium humifusum subsp. besserianum (Klokov) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 18(1- 2): 176 (1973)

= Galium humifusum subsp. cincinnatum (Klokov) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 18(1-2): 176 (1973)

= Galium humifusum var. confertum (K.Koch) Ancev; Fl. Narodna Republ. Bulg. 9: 60 (1989)

= Galium humifusum var. diffusum (K.Koch) Ancev; Fl. Narodna Republ. Bulg. 9: 60 (1989)

= Galium humifusum var. lasiocarpum (Boiss.) Meikle; Fl. Cyprus 1: 782, 807 (1977)

= Galium insuave (Pobed.) Pobed.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 7: 276 (1970 publ. 1971)

= Galium lenkoranicum Mikheev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 77(10): 71 (1992)

= Galium parisiense Pall.; Tabl. Phys. Topogr. Taur. 46 (1795), nom. illeg.

= Galium polycarpum Less. ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 2: 402 (1844)

= Galium pseudohumifusum Ostapko; Konspekt Fl. Yugo-Vost. Ukrainy 131 (1985), et Minlivist´ Sinantropn. Popul. Rosl. 29 (1997), nom. nov. for Asperula besseriana Klokov

species :

Galium humile Cham. & Schltdl.; Linnaea 3: 226 (1828)

Distribution: SE-Brazil (São Paulo); S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Caaguazu, Cordillera, Itapua, Misiones, Paraguari); Uruguay (San Jose); Argentina (Corrientes, Entre Rios)

84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU

Synonyms: hidden

= Relbunium humile (Cham. & Schltdl.) K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6). 105 (1889)

species :

Galium humilioides (M.L.Porto & Ehrend.) K.De Toni & Mariath; Phytotaxa 218(3): 296 (2015)

Distribution: Brazil

84 BRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Relbunium humilioides M.L.Porto & Ehrend.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 128(3-4): 179 (1977)

species :

Galium hupehense Pamp.; Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. 17: 719 (1910)

Distribution: China (Hubei, Jiangsu)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium boreale var. molle Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 23: 394 (1888)

= Galium hemsleyanum Beauverd; Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève 3: 295 (1911)

= Galium hupehense var. molle (Hemsl.) Cufod.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 89: 224 (1940)

species :

Galium hypocarpium (L.) Endl. ex Griseb.; Fl. Brit. W. I. 4: 351 (1961)

subspecies :

subsp. hypocarpium

Name: Relbún, kantoría [Chile]

Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Hidalgo, Mexico State, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz); Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Jamaica; Dominican Republic; Haiti; Colombia (Antioquia, Boyacá, Caldas, Cauca, Cesar, Chocó, Cundinamarca, Huila, La Guajira, Magdalena, Meta, Nariño, Norte de Santander, Putumayo, Quindío, Risaralda, Santander, Sucre, Tolima, Valle); Venezuela (Anzoategui, Aragua, Bolívar, Carabobo, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Falcon, Merida, Miranda, Sucre, Tachira, Trujillo, Yaracuy, Zulia); Guyana; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, La Paz, Santa Cruz, Tarija); NE-Brazil (Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Bahia); WC-Brazil (Goiás); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, São Paulo); S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Alto Paraná, Caazapa, Central, Cordillera, Guaira, Paraguari); Uruguay (Artigas, Cerro Largo, Maldonado, Montevideo, Rivera, Rocha, Treinta y Tres); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chubut, Cordoba, Corrientes, Argentina Distrito Federal, Entre Rios, Jujuy, Misiones, Neuquén, Rio Negro, Salta, Tucuman); Chile (Antofagasta, Coquimbo, Valparaíso, Metropolitana de Santiago, O´Higgins, Maule, Ñuble, Biobío, Araucanía, Los Rios, Los Lagos, Aisén)

79 MEX 80 COS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 HIS JAM 82 CLM GUY VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA 85 ARG CLE PAR URU

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium albicans Wedd.; Chlor. Andina 2: 38 (1858)

= Galium brasiliense Wawra; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 29: 216 (1879), nom. illeg.

= Galium croceum Ruiz & Pav.; Fl. Peruv. 1: 59 (1798)

= Galium fluminense Vell.; Fl. Flumin. 43 (1825)

= Galium gardneri Walp.; Repert. 6: 17 (1846)

= Galium hypocarpium subsp. gracillimum (Ehrend.) Dempster; Allertonia 5: 317 (1990)

= Galium hypocarpium subsp. indecorum (Cham. & Schltdl.) Dempster; Allertonia 5: 317 (1990)

= Galium orinocense (Kunth) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 397 (1824)

= Galium ovale Ruiz & Pav.; Fl. Peruv. 1: 59 (1798)

= Galium pauciflorum Willd. ex DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 592 (1830)

= Galium pauciflorum Willd. ex K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 112 (1888), pro syn.

= Galium quitense Wedd.; Chlor. Andina 2: 38 (1858)

= Galium relbun (Cham. & Schltdl.) Clos; Fl. Chil. [Gay] 3: 186 (1848)

= Galium repugnans Kunze ex Poepp.; Coll. Pl. Chil. Exsicc. 1: 42 (1835)

= Galium rupestre (Gardner) Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. 6: 17 (1847), nom. illeg.

= Relbunium bangii Rusby; Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 4: 374 (1907)

= Relbunium croceum (Ruiz & Pav.) K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 116 (1889)

= Relbunium glaberrimum Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 4: 297 (1929)

= Relbunium gracillimum Ehrend.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 76: 539 (1955)

= Relbunium hypocarpium (L.) Hemsl.; Biol. Cent.-Amer., Bot. 2: 63 (1881)

= Relbunium hypocarpium subsp. fluminense (Vell.) Ehrend.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 76: 537 (1955)

= Relbunium hypocarpium subsp. grandifolium Ehrend.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 76: 536 (1955)

= Relbunium hypocarpium subsp. nitidum (Kunth) Ehrend.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 76: 536 (1955)

= Relbunium hypocarpium var. alpestre K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 113 (1889)

= Relbunium hypocarpium var. incanum (Kunth) K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 113 (1888)

= Relbunium hypocarpium var. indecorum (Cham. & Schltdl.) K.Schum.; FI Bras. 6(6): 113 (1889)

= Relbunium hypocarpium var. relbun (Cham. & Schltdl.) K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 113 (1889)

= Relbunium hypocarpium var. viridiflorum Chodat; Bull. Herb. Boiss. 7(app. 1): 85 (1899)

= Relbunium indecorum (Cham. & Schltdl.) Ehrend.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 76: 540 (1955)

= Relbunium nitidum (Kunth) K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 114 (1889)

= Relbunium orinocense (Kunth) K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 112 (1889)

= Relbunium ovale (Ruiz & Pav.) K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 115 (1889)

= Relbunium relbun (Cham. & Schltdl.) Herter; Rev. Sudamer. Bot. 7: 231 (1943)

= Relbunium rupestre (Gardner) Ehrend.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 79: 538 (1955)

= Relbunium wettsteinii Zahlbr.; Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 60: 85 (1923 publ. 1924)

= Rubia affinis Gardner; J. Bot. [Hooker] 4: 111 (1845)

= Rubia brownei Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 397 (1824)

= Rubia chilensis Molina; Sag. Stor. Nat. Chili 141 (1782)

= Rubia chilensis Willd.; Sp. Pl. ed. 4 [Willdenow] 1: 604 (1798), nom. illeg.

= Rubia crocea (Ruiz & Pav.) DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 591 (1830)

= Rubia glabra Gardner; J. Bot. [Hooker] 4: 112 (1845)

= Rubia hispida Willd. ex Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 397 (1824), nomen

= Rubia hypocarpia (L.) DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 591 (1830)

= Rubia incana Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 3: 338 (1819)

= Rubia indecora Cham. & Schltdl.; Linnaea 3: 229 (1828)

= Rubia nitida Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 3: 339 (1819)

= Rubia orinocensis Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 3: 339 (1819)

= Rubia ovalis (Ruiz & Pav.) DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 591 (1830)

= Rubia ramosissima Pohl ex DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 591 (1830)

= Rubia ramosissima var. hispida Wawra; Itin. Princ. S.-Coburg 1: 129 (1838)

= Rubia relbun Cham. & Schltdl.; Linnaea 3: 229 (1828)

= Rubia rupestris Gardner; J. Bot. [Hooker] 4: 111 (1845)

= Valantia hypocarpia L.; Syst. Nat., ed. 10: 1307 (1759) (non Br.)

subspecies :

subsp. alluviale (Ehrend.) Dempster; Allertonia 5: 315 (1990)

Distribution: Argentina (Buenos Aires, Entre Rios, Santa Fe)

85 ARG

Synonyms: hidden

= Relbunium hypocarpium subsp. alluviale Ehrend.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 76: 537 (1955)

subspecies :

subsp. buxifolium (K.Schum.) Dempster; Allertonia 5: 315 (1990)

Distribution: WC-Brazil (Goiás, Brasilia Distrito Federal); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Paraná)

84 BRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Relbunium buxifolium f. microphylla K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 111 (1889)

= Relbunium buxifolium K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 110 (1889)

subspecies :

subsp. titicacum Dempster; Allertonia 5: 318 (1990)

Distribution: Bolivia

83 BOL

species :

Galium hypotrichium A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 6: 538 (1864 publ. 1865)

subspecies :

subsp. hypotrichium

Name: Alpine bedstraw

Distribution: USA (California, Nevada)

76 USA

subspecies :

subsp. ebbettsense Dempster & Ehrend.; Brittonia 17: 318 (1965)

Name: Ebbett´s bedstraw

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

subspecies :

subsp. inyoense Dempster & Ehrend.; Brittonia 17: 319 (1965)

Name: Inyo bedstraw

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

subspecies :

subsp. nevadense Dempster & Ehrend.; Brittonia 17: 316 (1965)

Name: Nevada bedstraw

Distribution: USA (Nevada, Utah)

76 USA

subspecies :

subsp. subalpinum (Hilend & Howell) Ehrend.; Contr. Dudley Herb. 5: 12 (1956)

Name: Subalpine bedstraw

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium munzii var. subalpinum Hilend & J.T.Howell; Leafl. W. Bot. 1: 136 (1934)

= Galium multiflorum var. subalpinum (Hilend & J.T.Howell) Cronquist; Cronquist et al., Intermountain Fl. 4: 531 (1984)

subspecies :

subsp. tomentellum Ehrend.; Contr. Dudley Herb. 5: 12 (1956)

Name: Alpine bedstraw

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium hypotrichium var. tomentellum (Ehrend.) Dempster; Brittonia 11: 119 (1959)

species :

Galium hypoxylon Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37: 255 (1979)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Galium hyrcanicum C.A.Mey.; Enum. 53 (1831)

Distribution: Armenia; Azerbaijan; Iran (N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, C-Iran)

33 ARM AZE 34 IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium grossheimii Pobed.; Fl. URSS 23: 720 (1958)

= Galium hyrcanicum var. glabrum Trautv.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 7: 461 (1881)

= Galium hyrcanicum var. puberulum Trautv.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 7: 461 (1881)

= Galium kandavanense Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 174(3-4): 206 (1991)

= Galium plurifolium Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 174(3-4): 203 (1991)

= Galium subvelutinum subsp. hyrcanicum (C.A.Mey.) Ehrend.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 369 (1958)

species :

Galium hystricocarpum Greenm.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 33: 464 (1898)

Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua)

79 MEX

species :

Galium idubedae (Pau ex Debeaux) Pau ex Ehrend.; Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Abt. 1, 169: 412 (1960)

subspecies :

subsp. idubedae

Distribution: C- & E-Spain

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium idubedae var. humile C.Vicioso ex Ortega Oliv. & Devesa; Acta Bot. Malac. 29: 250 (2004)

= Galium pusillum subsp. idubedae (Pau & Debeaux) Vigo; Arxius Secc. Ci. Inst. Estud. Catalans 37: 91 (1968)

= Galium valentinum subsp. idubedae (Pau & Debeaux) Vigo; Arxius Secc. Ci. Inst. Estud. Catalans 37: 91 (1968)

= Galium valentinum var. idubedae Pau & Debeaux; Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 15: 153 (1897)

subspecies :

subsp. javalambrense (López Udias, Mateo & M.B.Crespo) Mateo & M.B.Crespo; Flora Montiber. 58: 26 (2014)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium javalambrense López Udias, Mateo & M.B.Crespo; Flora Montiber. 24: 49 (2004)

species :

Galium iltisii Dempster; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 73: 8 (1978)

Distribution: Mexico (Guerrero)

79 MEX

species :

Galium incanum Sm.; Sibth. & Sm., Fl. Graec. Prodr. 1: 91 (1806)

subspecies :

subsp. incanum

Distribution: Greece (mountains of C-Greece, Peloponnisos, Mt. Athos, Samothraki); East Aegaean Isl. (Chios, Samos); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, W-Syrian Mountains); Jordania (S-Jordania)

13 GRC 34 EAI JOR LEB SYR TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium crispulopilosum K.Koch ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 3: 57 (1875)

= Galium orientale Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 3: 38 (1843)

= Galium orientale subvar. incanum (Sm.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 325 (1879)

= Galium orientale var. alpinum Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 3: 38 (1843)

= Galium orientale var. glabrum Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 3: 39 (1843)

= Galium orientale var. latifolium Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 3: 57 (1875)

= Galium orientale var. tenerum Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 3: 57 (1875)

= Galium stoloniferum K.Koch; Linnaea 19: 32 (1846)

subspecies :

subsp. centrale Ehrend.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 98: 445 (1951)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium carium Stapf; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 50: 107 (1885)

subspecies :

subsp. creticum Ehrend.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 98: 453 (1951)

Distribution: Crete (Mt. Dikti, ?Lefka Ori)

13 KRI

subspecies :

subsp. elatius (Boiss.) Ehrend.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 98: 454 (1951)

Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Turkey; Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); N-Syria

33 GEO 34 IRN SYR TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium orientale var. elatius Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 3: 57 (1875)

= Galium grusinum Trautv.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 7: 461 (1881)

subspecies :

subsp. libanoticum Ehrend.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 98: 451 (1951)

Distribution: Turkey; Lebanon; Syria

34 LEB SYR TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium orientale var. hirtum Post; Fl. Syria 384 (1896)

subspecies :

subsp. pseudocornigerum Ehrend.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 98: 449 (1951)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Galium inconspicuum Phil.; Linnaea 33: 99 (1864)

Distribution: Argentina (Mendoza, Neuquén); Chile (Maule, Ñuble, Biobío, Araucanía)

85 ARG CLE

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium hypnoides var. inconspicuum (Phil.) Reiche; Anales Univ. Chile 106: 990 (1900)

species :

Galium incrassatum Halácsy; Consp. Fl. Graec. 1: 724 (1901)

Name: Dickblättriges Labkraut (DE); Thick-leaved Bedstraw (EN)

Distribution: W-Crete; East Aegaean Isl. (Rhodos)

13 KRI 34 EAI

species :

Galium incurvum Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. 1: 92 (1806)

Distribution: Crete (higher mountains)

13 KRI

Remarks: incurvum agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium aureum var. incurvum (Sibth. & Sm.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 3: 61 (1875)

species :

Galium innocuum Miq.; Fl. Ind. Bat. 2: 341 (1857)

Distribution: China (Fujian, Sichuan, Yunnan); Taiwan; NE-India (Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya); Bangladesh; Myanmar; Sumatra; Java; Moluccas; New Guinea (Irian Jaya)

36 CHI 38 TAI 40 BAN IND 41 MYA 42 JAW MOL NWG SUM

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium modestum Diels; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 5(25): 438 (1912)

= Galium trifidum var. modestum (Diels) Cufod.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 89: 233 (1940)

species :

Galium intermedium Schult.; Obs. Bot. 22 (1809)

Name: Schultes-Labkraut, Glattes Labkraut (DE), Schultes´ bedstraw (EN)

Distribution: Germany (Brandenburg, Bayern, Sachsen, Thüringen); Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Serbia; Kosovo; ?Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; +Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; Ukraine; USA [I] (California [I])

11 AUT CZE GER HUN POL SLO 13 BIH BUL CRO KOS ROM SLV SRB 14 BLR EST LAT LIT RUS UKR 76 usa

Remarks: sylvaticum agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium aristatum subsp. schultesii (Vest) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 325 (1879)

= Galium schultesii f. ciliatum (Kucowa) Borza; Pawl., 324, 308 (1967)

= Galium schultesii var. nikolicii Gajic; Fl. Veg. Golija Javor 570 (1989)

= Galium schultesii Vest; Flora (Regensburg) 4: 530 (1821)

= Galium sylvaticum subsp. schultesii (Vest) Vollm.; Fl. Bayern 691 (1914)

= Galium sylvaticum var. angustifolium Heuff.; 88 (1858)

species :

Galium intricatum Margot & Reut.; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 8: 304 (1839)

Distribution: S-Albania; ?North Macedonia; Greece (widespread mainland, Kerkyra, Ionian Isl., NW-Evvoia)

13 ALB GRC

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium intricatum var. trichophorum Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 331 (1879)

= Galium intricatum var. zacynthium (Reut.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 331 (1879)

= Galium microcarpon Friv. ex Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2: 162 (1846)

= Galium trichopharum Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2: 161 (1846)

= Galium zacynthium Reut.; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 8: 304 (1839)

= Galium zacynthium var. intricatum (Margot & Reut.) Halácsy; Consp. Fl. Graec. 1: 724 (1901)

species :

Galium ionicum Krendl; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien B 108: 265 (2007)

Distribution: W-Greece (Kerkyra, Paxos, Andipaxos, Lefkada, Kefalonia, Zakynthos)

13 GRC

species :

Galium iranicum Hausskn. ex Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 19 2: 266 (1906)

Distribution: W-Iran

34 IRN

species :

Galium irinae Pachom.; Opred. Rast. Sred. Azii 9: 367 (1987)

Distribution: Tajikistan

32 TZK

species :

Galium isauricum Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37: 259, t. 2, f. c (1979)

Distribution: Turkey (SSW-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Galium japonicum Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 9: 311 (1895)

Distribution: South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu)

38 JAP KOR

Remarks: often included in G. triflorum s. l.

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium nipponicum Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 32: 158 (1908), nom. superfl.

= Galium trifloriforme var. nipponicum Nakai; Mori, Enum. Pl. Corea 324 (1922)

species :

Galium javanicum Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 943 (1826)

Distribution: Java

42 JAW

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium elegans var. javanicum (Blume) Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7: 1029 (1936)

= Galium rotundifolium var. javanicum (Blume) Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 3: 205 (1881)

variant :

var. pulneyense R.Bhattacharjee; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 30(3): 486 (2006)

Distribution: India (Tamil Nadu)

40 IND

species :

Galium jemense Kotschy; Sitzungsber. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Cl., Abt. 1, 52: 257 (1866)

Distribution: Saudi Arabia (Asir); Yemen (W-Yemen)

35 SAU YEM

species :

Galium jepsonii Hilend & Howell; Leafl. W. Bot. 1: 135 (1934)

Name: Jepson´s bedstraw

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium angustifolium var. subglabrum Jeps.; Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. [Jepson] 962 (1925)

species :

Galium johnstonii Dempster & Stebbins; Madroño 21(2): 84 (1971), nom. nov.

Name: Johnston´s bedstraw

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium angustifolium var. pinetorum Munz & I.M.Johnst.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 49: 357 (1922)

species :

Galium judaicum Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 10: 69 (1849)

Distribution: Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jbel Druze); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, Judean Desert); Jordania (W-Jordania)

34 ISR JOR LEB SYR

species :

Galium jungermannioides Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 3: 43 (1843)

Distribution: Lebanon (C-Lebanon)

34 LEB

species :

Galium junghuhnianum Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 340 (1857)

Distribution: Java

42 JAW

species :

Galium juniperinum Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot., Ser. 22: 114 (1940)

Distribution: Mexico (Nuevo León)

79 MEX

species :

Galium kaganense R.Bhattacharjee; Bull. Bot. Surv. India 48(1-4): 69 (2006)

Distribution: Pakistan

40 PAK

species :

Galium kahelianum Deflers; Voyage Yemen 145 (1889)

Distribution: Saudi Arabia; Yemen (W-Yemen)

35 SAU YEM

species :

Galium kamtschaticum Steller ex Schult. & Schult.f.; Mant. 3 [Schultes & Schultes f.] : 186 (1827)

Name: Boreal bedstraw

Distribution: Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Kuril Isl., Primorye, Sakhalin); China (Heilongjiang, Jilin); North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu); Alaska; Canada (British Columbia, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Northern Territories, Ontario, Québec); USA (Maine, Michigan, New Hampshire, New York, Vermont, Washington State)

31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO 70 ASK CDN 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 75 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium kamtschaticum f. intermedium Takeda; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 24: 66 (1910)

= Galium littellii Oakes; Mag. Hort. Bot. 7: 179 (1841)

= Galium rotundifolium var. kamtschaticum (Steller ex Schult.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 282 (1891)

variant :

var. acutifolium H.Hara; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 51: 642 (1937)

Distribution: Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku)

38 JAP

variant :

var. yakusimense (Masam.) T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 58(10): 305 (1983)

Distribution: Japan (Yakushima Isl.)

38 JAP NNS

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium yakusimense Masam.; Prelim. Rep. Veg. Yakus. 120 (1929), Masam. in J. Soc. Trop. Agric. 2: 37 (1930), et in Mem. Fac. Sci. & Agric. Taihoku Imp. Univ. 11: Bot. No. 4, 423 (1934)

species :

Galium karakulense Pobed.; Fl. URSS 23: 712 (1958)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Takhar); China (Xinjiang); India (Jammu & Kashmir)

32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 34 AFG 36 CHI 40 IND

species :

Galium karataviense (Pavlov) Pobed.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 7: 278 (1970 publ. 1971)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; China (Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang)

32 KAZ 36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Asperula karataviensis Pavlov; Vestn. Akad. Nauk Kazakhsh. S.S.R., No. 4 (73) 95 (1951)

species :

Galium karliovaense Yild. & Kiliç; Ot Sist. Bot. Derg. 25(2): 33 (2018)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Galium kasachstanicum Pachom.; Opred. Rast. Sred. Azii 9: 368 (1987)

Distribution: Kazakhstan

32 KAZ

species :

Galium kenyanum Verdc.; Kew Bull. 28(3): 493 (1973 publ. 1974)

Distribution: Kenya; Tanzania

25 KEN TAN

species :

Galium kerneri Degen & Dörfl.; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 64: 723 (1897)

Distribution: W-North Macedonia; S-Albania; N-Greece (Mt. Voras)

13 ALB GRC NMA

species :

Galium khorasanense Griff.; Not. Pl. Asiat. 4: 252 (1854)

Distribution: Afghanistan

34 AFG

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Galium kikumuyura Ohwi; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 6: 149 (1937)

Distribution: South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)

38 JAP KOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium brachypodum Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Petersb. 19: 280 (1874), non Jord.

species :

Galium killipii Dempster & Ehrend.; Allertonia 2(4): 262 (1980)

Distribution: Peru

83 PER

species :

Galium kinuta Nakai & H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 9: 518 (1933)

Distribution: China (Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Xinjiang, Sichuan, Henan, Hubei); North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)

36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium boreale var. japonicum Maxim.; Mélanges Biol. Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 9: 264 (1873)

= Galium japonicum (Maxim.) Makino & Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 22: 152 (1908), nom. illeg.

= Galium japonicum var. bracteatum Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 23: 104 (1909)

= Galium japonicum var. viridescens Makino & Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 22: 152 (1908)

= Galium kinuta f. roseum Hayashi; Bull. Gov. Forest Exp. Sta. 125: 76 (1960)

= Galium kinuta var. bracteatum (Nakai) Nakai & H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 9: 520 (1933)

= Galium kinuta var. viridescens (Makino & Nakai) Matsum. & Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 9: 518 (1933)

species :

Galium kitaibelianum Schult. & Schult.f.; Mantissa 3: 163 (1827)

Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; SW- & C-Romania

13 KOS ROM SRB

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium dacicum Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 37: 163 (1890)

= Galium sylvaticum subsp. kitaibelianum (Schult.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 326 (1879)

species :

Galium kuetzingii Boiss. & Buhse; Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 12: 109 (1860)

Distribution: Azerbaijan; NW-Iran (Gilan)

33 AZE 34 IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium meyeri Grossh.; Trudy Tiflissk. Bot. Sada, Ser. 2, 1: 28 (1920)

= Galium verum var. kuetzingii (Boiss. & Buhse) Bornm.; Bull. Herb. Boiss., II 6: 776 (1906)

species :

Galium kulluense Anant Kumar, Ranjan & S.C.Srivast.; J. Jap. Bot. 88: 164 (2013)

Distribution: N-India (Himachal Pradesh)

40 IND

species :

Galium kunmingense Ehrend.; Novon 20(3): 270 (2010)

Distribution: China (Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Galium kurdicum Boiss. & Hohen.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 3: 37 (1843)

Distribution: SE-Turkey; NE-Iraq

34 IRQ TUR

species :

Galium labradoricum (Wiegand) Wiegand; Rhodora 6: 21 (1904)

Name: Northern bog bedstraw

Distribution: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Labrador, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Northern Territories, Nunavut, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Québec, Saskatchewan); St. Pierre et Miquelon; USA (Connecticut, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Massachusetts, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, North Dakota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Vermont, Wisconsin)

70 CDN 71 CDN 72 CDN SPM 74 USA 75 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium tinctorium var. labradoricum Wiegand; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24: 398 (1897)

species :

Galium laconicum Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1(6): 66 (1846 publ. 1847)

Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (local mountains of N- & C-Greece, Evvoia, Mt. Killini, Mt. Parnonas)

13 BUL GRC KOS SRB TUE

Remarks: sylvaticum agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium sylvaticum subsp. laconicum (Boiss. & Heldr.) Stoj. & Stef.; Fl. Bulg. 2: 1016 (1967)

species :

Galium lacrimiforme Dempster; Madroño 23: 110 (1975)

Distribution: Mexico (Nuevo León, Tamaulipas)

79 MEX

species :

Galium laevigatum L.; Sp. Pl., ed. 2 [Linnaeus] 1667 (1763)

Name: Glattes Labkraut

Distribution: Switzerland; Austria; NE-Spain; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina

11 AUT SWI 12 FRA SPA 13 BIH CRO ITA SLV

Remarks: sylvaticum agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium atrovirens Lapeyr.; Hist. Pl. Pyrénées, Suppl. 22 (1818)

= Galium linifolium var. rigidulum DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 593 (1830)

= Galium sylvaticum subsp. laevigatum (L.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. 311 (1882), nom. illeg.

= Galium sylvaticum subsp. laevigatum (L.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 14: 100 (1983), isonym

= Galium sylvaticum var. atrovirens (Lapeyr.) Gren.; Fl. France [Grenier] 2: 21 (1850)

= Galium sylvaticum var. depauperatum Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 23 (1903)

= Galium sylvaticum var. pyrenaicum Gren.; Fl. France [Grenier] 2: 21 (1850)

species :

Galium lanceolatum (Torr. & A.Gray) Torr.; Fl. N. Middle United States 168 (1824)

Name: Lanceleaf wild licorice

Distribution: Canada (Ontario, Québec); USA (Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, North Carolina, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, Vermont, Wisconsin, West Virginia)

72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium circaezans var. lanceolatum Torr. & A.Gray; Cat. Pl. City New York 23 (1819)

= Galium rotundifolium var. lanceolatum (Torr.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 283 (1891)

= Galium torreyi Bigelow; Fl. Boston., ed. 2: 56 (1824)

species :

Galium lasiocarpum Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 3: 42 (1843)

Distribution: Turkey (SE-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Galium latifolium Michx.; Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 79 (1803)

Name: Purple bedstraw

Distribution: USA (Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia)

75 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium latifolium var. hispidifolium Small ex Britton; Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5: 303 (1894)

= Galium latifolium var. hispidum Small; Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 4: 126 (1894)

species :

Galium latoramosum Clos; Gay

Distribution: Bolivia (Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, Tarija); S-Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Alto Paraná, Guaira); Uruguay (Canelones, Colonia, Durazno, Florida Prov., Lavalleja, Maldonado, Montevideo, Rio Negro, San Jose, Soriano); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Cordoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Jujuy, Misiones, Santa Fe, San Luis, Tucuman)

83 BOL 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium chapi Wedd.; Chlor. Andina 2: 36 (1859)

= Galium ephedroides (Cham. & Schltdl.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 119 (1898), nom. illeg.

= Galium intricatum (Hook. & Arn.) Endl. ex Walp.; Rep. Bot. Syst. 2: 459 (1843), nom. illeg.

= Galium tetragonum Griseb.; Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 19: 161 (1874)

= Rubia ephedroides Cham. & Schltdl.; Linnaea 3: 231 (1828)

= Rubia intricata Hook. & Arn.; Bot. Misc. 3. 362 (1833)

= Rubia tetragona (Griseb.) K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 120 (1889)

species :

Galium leiocarpum I.Thomps.; Muelleria 27(1): 79 (2009)

Distribution: Australia (Victoria, Queensland, New South Wales, Tasmania)

50 AUS

species :

Galium leptogonium I.Thomps.; Muelleria 27(1): 84 (2009)

Distribution: Australia (Victoria, Western Australia, South Australia, Queensland, New South Wales)

50 AUS

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium gaudichaudii var. muriculatum Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 3: 446 (1867)

= Galium umbrosum f. muriculatum (Benth.) Maiden & Betche; Census N.S.W. Pl. 188 (1916)

= Galium umbrosum var. gaudichaudii-muriculatum Maiden & Betche; Census N.S.W. Pl. 188 (1916), nom. superfl.

= Galium umbrosum var. muriculatum (Benth.) Ewart & B.Rees; J. M. Black, Fl. S. Austral., ed. 2, 4: 799 (1957)

species :

Galium leptum Phil.; Anales Univ. Chile 85: 734 (1894)

Distribution: Chile (Coquimbo, Metropolitana de Santiago)

85 CLE

species :

Galium libanoticum Ehrend.; Ark. Bot. andra Ser. 5: 414 (1960)

Distribution: Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria (W-Syrian Mountains)

34 LEB SYR

species :

Galium lidaoense S.S.Ying; New Taxa New Names 7: 171 (2024)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Galium lilloi Hicken; Darwiniana 1: 140 (1924)

Distribution: Argentina (Catamarca, Jujuy, Salta, Santiago del Estero, Tucuman)

85 ARG

species :

Galium linearifolium Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 7: 152 (1837)

Distribution: China (Liaoning, Hebei, Hubei); North Korea

36 CHI 38 NKO

species :

Galium liratum N.A.Wakef.; Vict. Naturalist 72: 70 (1955)

Distribution: Australia (New South Wales, Victoria)

50 AUS

species :

Galium lishanense S.S.Ying; New Taxa New Names 5: 119 (2022)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Galium litorale Guss.; Fl. Sic. Prodr. 1: 172 (1827)

Distribution: W-Sicily

13 SIC

species :

Galium longipedunculatum (Mariath & Ehrend.) K.De Toni & Mariath; Phytotaxa 218(3): 296 (2015)

Distribution: Brazil

84 BRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Relbunium longipedunculatum Mariath & Ehrend.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 128(3-4): 184 (1977)

species :

Galium lovcense Urum.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 49: 55 (1899)

Distribution: North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; Turkey

13 ALB BUL NMA 34 TUR

Remarks: often included in G. rhodopeum

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium erectum var. lovcense (Urum.) Stoj.; Izv. Bulg. Bot. Druzh. 5: 109 (1932)

= Galium heldreichii f. lovcense (Urum.) Ancev; Dokl. Bulg. Akad. Nauk 28: 1534 (1975)

= Galium heldreichii subsp. protopycnotrichum (Ehrend. & Krendl) Ancev; Dokl. Bulg. Akad. Nauk 28: 1534 (1975)

= Galium heldreichii var. obovatum Ancev; Dokl. Bulg. Akad. Nauk 28: 1534 (1975)

= Galium protopycnotrichum Ehrend. & Krendl; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 68: 270 (1974)

species :

Galium lucidum All.; Auct. Syn. Meth. Stirp. Hort. Regii Taur. 5 (1773)

subspecies :

subsp. lucidum

Name: Glanz-Labkraut

Distribution: Germany [I]; Spain; Baleares (Ibiza, Mallorca)

11 ger 12 BAL SPA

Remarks: lucidum agg. References for C- and E-Mediterranean belong to G. corrudifolium

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium affine Schult. & Schult.f.; Mant. 3 [Schultes & Schultes f.] : 172 (1827), nom. illeg.

= Galium atlanticum Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 76 (1874), nom. illeg., non Ball

= Galium bermudianum L.; Syst. Nat., ed. 12: 117 (1767), nom. illeg.

= Galium betetae Caball.; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 2: 238 (1942)

= Galium corrudifolium var. mauritii Sennen; Sennen & H. Mauricio, Cat. Fl. Rif Orient. 54 (1933), nomen

= Galium erectum var. lucidum (All.) DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 596 (1830)

= Galium erectum var. prostratum Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 286 (1840)

= Galium erectum var. rigidum (Vill.) Gren.; Fl. France [Grenier] 2: 23 (1850)

= Galium errans Sennen; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 73: 651 (1926 publ. 1927)

= Galium gerardi Vill.; Prosp. Hist. Pl. Dauphiné [Villars] 19 (1779)

= Galium lucidum subsp. rigidum (Vill.) Bonnier; Fl. Ill. France 5: 38 (1922)

= Galium lucidum var. abruptorum (Pomel) Batt.; Batt. & Trab., Fl. Algérie, Dicot. 397 (1890)

= Galium lucidum var. angustifolium M.Loehr; 302 (1852)

= Galium lucidum var. atlanticum Batt.; Batt. & Trab., Fl. Algérie, Dicot. 397 (1890)

= Galium lucidum var. fontanesianum (Pomel) Batt.; Batt. & Trab., Fl. Algérie, Dicot. 397 (1890)

= Galium lucidum var. scabridum (DC.) Hayek; Hayek & Hegi, 214 (1914)

= Galium mollugo subsp. gerardi (Vill.) Briq.; Schinz & Thell., Fl. Schweiz 489 (1900)

= Galium mollugo subsp. lucidum (All.) Schinz & Thell.; Schinz & Keller, Fl. Schweiz, ed. 3, 2: 321 (1914)

= Galium mollugo var. lucidum (All.) Fiori; Nuov. Fl. Italia 2: 492 (1927)

= Galium mollugo var. rigidum (Vill.) Briq. & Cavill.; Burnat, Fl. Alpes Marit. 5(2): 136 (1915)

= Galium petrosum Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 284 (1866)

= Galium reflexifolium Sennen; Bol. Soc. Iber. Ci. Nat. 27: 174 (1928 publ. 1929)

= Galium rigidum var. longipes Pau ex Marcet; Bol. Real Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., Secc. Biol. 48: 99 (1950)

= Galium rigidum var. tenuissimum Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 315 (1868)

= Galium rigidum Vill.; Hist. Pl. Dauphiné [Villars] 1: 256, 283 (1786)

= Galium viridulum var. umbelliflorum Sennen; Bol. Soc. Iber. Ci. Nat. 27: 174 (1929)

= Rubia rigida (Vill.) Baill.; Hist. Pl. 7: 372 (1880)

subspecies :

subsp. fruticescens (Cav.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 14: 100 (1983)

Distribution: NC- & E-Spain; Andorra

12 ADO SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium aciphyllum var. caespitosum Willk. & Costa; Linnaea 30: 102 (1859)

= Galium aciphyllum var. longicaule Willk. & Costa; Linnaea 30: 101 (1859)

= Galium aciphyllum Willk. & Costa; Linnaea 30: 101 (1859 publ. 1860)

= Galium fruticescens [unranked] aciphyllum (Willk. & Costa) Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 314 (1868)

= Galium fruticescens Cav.; Icon. Descr. 3: 3 (1795)

= Galium fruticescens var. aciphyllum (Willk. & Costa) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 325 (1879)

= Galium lucidum var. aciphyllum (Willk. & Costa) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 14: 100 (1983)

= Galium lucidum var. fruticescens (Cav.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 14: 100 (1983)

= Galium mollugo subsp. fruticescens (Cav.) A.Bolòs & O.Bolòs; Veg. Com. Barcelona 499 (1950)

subspecies :

subsp. krendlii Natali; Candollea 53(2): 500 (1998)

Distribution: Corsica

12 COR

subspecies :

subsp. venustum (Jord.) Natali; Candollea 53(2): 503 (1998)

Distribution: Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; San Marino

11 AUT LIE SWI 12 COR FRA SAR 13 ITA SIC SMA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium bernardii Gren.; Fl. France [Grenier] 2: 23 (1850)

= Galium gerardi var. bernardii (Gren.) Rouy; Bull. Assoc. Franç. Bot. 5: 149 (1902)

= Galium gerardi var. venustum (Jord.) Rouy; Bull. Assoc. Franç. Bot. 5: 149 (1902)

= Galium lucidum subsp. bernardii (Gren. & Godr.) Natali; Candollea 53: 496 (1998)

= Galium mollugo var. bernardii (Gren. & Godr.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 17 (1903)

= Galium mollugo var. venustum (Jord.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 17 (1903)

= Galium roseolum Mabille; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 25: xlv (1878)

= Galium venustum Jord.; Observ. Pl. Nouv. 3: 117 (1846)

species :

Galium macedonicum Krendl; Bot. Chronika 6-7: 121 (1986-1987 publ. 1988)

Distribution: North Macedonia; Bulgaria; N-Greece (Mt. Vrondous)

13 BUL GRC NMA

Remarks: doubtfully distinct from G. asparagifolium

species :

Galium magellanicum Hook.f.; Fl. Antarct. 302 (bis) (1846)

Distribution: Argentina (Chubut, Neuquén, Rio Negro, Santa Cruz); Chile (Valparaíso, Maule, Ñuble, Biobío, Araucanía, Los Rios, Los Lagos, Aisén, Magallanes)

85 ARG CLE

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium chonoense Hook.f.; Fl. Antarct. 2: 303(bis) (1846)

= Galium chonoense var. valdivianum (Phil.) Reiche; Anales Univ. Chile 106: 990 (1900)

= Galium forsteri Phil.; Anales Univ. Chile 85: 735 (1894)

= Galium nigricans Clos; Fl. Chil. [Gay] 3: 188 (1848), nom. illeg.

= Galium valdivianum Phil.; Linnaea 28: 655 (1856)

species :

Galium magellense Ten.; Sacc. Relaz. Viagg. Abruzzo 48 (1832)

Distribution: Italy (C- & S-Appennini)

13 ITA

Remarks: baldense agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium pusillum subsp. magellense (Ten.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 326 (1879)

species :

Galium magnifolium (Dempster) Dempster; Brittonia 11: 111 (1959)

Name: Largeleaf bedstraw

Distribution: USA (California, Nevada, Utah)

76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium munzii f. glabrum Ehrend.; Contr. Dudley Herb. 5: 19 (1956)

= Galium matthewsii var. magnifolium Dempster; Brittonia 10: 189 (1958)

species :

Galium mahadivense G.Singh; Forest Fl. Srinagar 125 (1976), as ´mahadivensis´

Distribution: NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir)

40 IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium gymnopetalum Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 155 (1-4): 78 (1987)

species :

Galium mandonii Britton; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 18: 263 (1891)

Distribution: Peru; Bolivia (Cochabamba, La Paz, Santa Cruz, Tarija)

83 BOL PER

species :

Galium maneauense P.Royen; Alpine Fl. New Guinea 4: 2772 (1983)

Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)

42 NWG

species :

Galium marchandii Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 528 (1818)

Distribution: N-Spain (Cordillera Cantabrica, Pyrenees); Andorra; C-France

12 ADO FRA SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium commune var. lapeyrouseanum (Jord.) Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 49: 142, 143 (1902)

= Galium lapeyrouseanum Jord.; Observ. Pl. Nouv. 3: 154 (1846)

= Galium lapeyrouseanum var. glabrum Timb.-Lagr.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 11: 128, 145 (1864)

= Galium pumilum subsp. marchandii (Roem. & Schult.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 14: 100 (1983)

= Galium sylvestre unranked commutatum (Jord.) Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 320 (1868)

= Galium sylvestre unranked lapeyrousianum (Jord.) Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 319 (1868)

= Galium sylvestre subsp. lapeyrouseanum (Jord.) Berher; Louis, Fl. Vosges, éd. 2: 124 (1887)

= Galium sylvestre var. lapeyrouseanum (Jord.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 327 (1879)

= Galium sylvestre var. lapeyrousianum (Jord.) Losa & P.Monts.; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 1: 166 (1947)

= Galium sylvestre var. lapeyrousianum (Jord.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 327 (1879)

= Galium umbellatum var. lapeyrouseanum (Jord.) Rouy; Bull. Assoc. Franç. Bot. 5: 141 (1902)

species :

Galium margaceum Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37: 249 (1979)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Galium margaritaceum A.Kern.; Zeitschr. Ferdinand. (Innsbruck) Ser. 3, 15: 252 (1870)

Distribution: NE-Italy (SE-Alps)

13 ITA

Remarks: baldense agg.

species :

Galium maritimum L.; Mant. Pl. 38 (1767)

Distribution: NE-Spain; Andorra; S-France

12 ADO FRA SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium bertrandii Sennen & Gonzalo; Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.) 1925: no. 5478 (1925)

= Galium gonzaloi Sennen; Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.) 1925: no. 5477 (1925)

= Galium maritimum f. luteum (Rouy & E.G.Camus) P.Monts.; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 5: 644 (1958), nom. inval.

= Galium maritimum subsp. luteum (Rouy & E.G.Camus) P.Monts.; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 5: 644 (1958), nom. inval.

= Galium maritimum subvar. luteum Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 11 (1903)

= Galium maritimum var. angustifolium Sennen; Bull. Géogr. Bot. 24: 223 (1914)

= Galium maritimum var. densiflorum Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 311 (1868), nom. illeg.

= Galium maritimum var. latifolium Sennen; Bull. Soc. Franç. Échange Pl. Vasc. 11: 33 (1921)

= Galium maritimum var. laxiflorum Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 311 (1868)

= Galium maritimum var. luteiflorum Sennen; Bull. Soc. Franç. Échange Pl. 11: 32 (1921)

= Galium maritimum var. rubriflorum Sennen; Bull. Soc. Franç. Échange Pl. 11: 32 (1921)

= Galium maritimum var. villosum (Lam.) DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 602 (1830)

= Galium villosum Lam.; Encycl. 2: 583 (1788)

= Galium ×angustifolium (Sennen) Sennen; Treb. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 135: 81 (1917), nom. illeg.

species :

Galium martirense Dempster & Stebbins; Madroño 18: 110 (1965)

Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Norte)

79 MEX

species :

Galium masafueranum Skottsb.; Nat. Hist. J. Fernandez & Easter Island 2: 174 (1922)

Distribution: Juan Fdz. Isl. (Masafuera)

85 JNF

species :

Galium matthewsii A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 19: 80 (1883)

Name: Bushy bedstraw

Distribution: USA (California, Nevada)

76 USA

species :

Galium maximoviczii (Kom.) Pobed.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 7: 277 (1970 publ. 1971)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Primorye); China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Anhui, Zhejiang, Henan); North Korea; South Korea

31 RFE 36 CHI 38 KOR NKO

Synonyms: hidden

= Asperula maximoviczii f. latifolia (Nakai) W.Lee; Lin. Fl. Koreae 893 (1996)

= Asperula maximoviczii Kom.; Trudy Glavn. Bot. Sada 39: 109 (1923)

= Asperula maximoviczii var. latifolia Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 14: 119 (1938)

= Asperula platygalium var. pratensis Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 3, 19: 284 (1874)

species :

Galium mechudoense Dempster; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 73: 15 (1978)

Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Sur)

79 MEX

species :

Galium megacyttarion R.R.Mill; Edinburgh J. Bot. 53(2): 200 (1996)

Distribution: ?China (?Sichuan); Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, Chumbi)

36 TIB 40 BHU IND NEP

variant :

var. trichanthum (Cufod.) R.Bhattacharjee; Fl. Pl. India Annot. Checkl. 1: 657 (2020)

Distribution: India (Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand)

40 IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium acutum var. trichanthum Cufod.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 89: 239 (1940)

species :

Galium megalanthum Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 1, 6: 67 (1846)

Distribution: Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran)

34 IRN IRQ

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium handelii Nábelek; Spisy Prír. Fak. Masarykovy Univ. 35: 134 (1923), nom. superfl.

= Galium leiophyllum var. glabrum Boiss.; (1843) (p. p., incl. typo, nom. superfl.)

= Galium pseudomegalanthum Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 174(3-4): 206 (1991)

= Galium psilophyllum Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 127: 304 (1977) (nom. nov. superfl.)

= Galium subvelutinum subsp. megalanthum (Boiss.) Ehrend.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 367 (1958)

species :

Galium megalospermum All.; Auct. Syn. Meth. Stirp. Hort. Regii Taur. 9 (1773)

Name: Schweizer Labkraut (DE)

Distribution: Germany (Bayern); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; France; Italy; Croatia

11 AUT GER LIE SWI 12 FRA 13 CRO ITA

Remarks: helveticum agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium cenisium Arv.-Touv.; Essai Pl. Dauphiné 33 (1871)

= Galium helveticum var. allionii Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 39 (1903)

= Galium helveticum var. cenisium (Arv.-Touv.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 38 (1903)

= Galium helveticum var. elongatum Gren.; Fl. France [Grenier] 2: 37 (1850)

= Galium montanum Vill.; Hist. Pl. Dauphiné [Villars] 2: 317b (1787), nom. illeg.

= Galium prostratum Haller ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 228 (1818)

= Galium pusillum Vill.; Hist. Pl. Dauphiné [Villars] 2: 324 (1787), nom. illeg.

= Galium rupicola Bertol.; Fl. Ital. 2: 108 (1835), nom. illeg.

= Galium sylvestre subsp. virens Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 432 (1828)

= Galium sylvestre var. montanum Klett & Richt.; Fl. Leipzig 145 (1830)

= Galium villarsii Gaudin ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg. ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 220 (1818)

species :

Galium megapotamicum Spreng.; Syst. Nat., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 4(2, Cur. Post.): 39 (1827)

Distribution: N-Brazil (Pará); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo); S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Alto Paraná, Amambay, Caaguazu, Caazapa, Canindeyu, Cordillera, Guaira, Neembucu, Paraguari, San Pedro); Uruguay (Montevideo); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Corrientes, Misiones)

84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium apricum Vell.; Fl. Flumin. 43 (1829), nom. inval.

= Galium camporum Pohl ex DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 604 (1830)

= Galium ciliatum Larrañaga; Escritos Damaso Antonio Larrañaga 2: 61 (1923), nom. illeg.

= Galium radicosum Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 660 (1840), nom. inval.

= Galium tenue Larrañaga; Escr. D. A. Larrañaga 2: 61 (1923)

= Relbunium hirtum f. floribundum K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 109 (1889)

= Relbunium hirtum f. glabriflora K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 109 (1889)

= Relbunium hirtum subsp. camporum (Pohl ex DC.) K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 108 (1888)

= Relbunium hirtum subsp. reflexum K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 109 (1888)

= Relbunium hirtum var. camporum (Pohl ex DC.) Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 8: 397 (1931)

= Relbunium hirtum var. reflexum (K.Schum.) Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 8: 398 (1931)

= Relbunium megapotamicum (Spreng.) Ehrend.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 76: 543 (1955)

= Relbunium megapotamicum subsp. camporum (Pohl ex DC.) Ehrend.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 76: 544 (1955)

= Relbunium megapotamicum subsp. reflexum (K.Schum.) Ehrend.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 76: 544 (1955)

= Rubia tenuis Larrañaga; Escritos Damaso Antonio Larrañaga 2: 60 (1923)

species :

Galium melanantherum Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1(6): 68 (1846 publ. 1847)

Distribution: C-Greece (Attiki, Evvoia, Andros, Naxos, SE-Peloponnisos)

13 GRC

Remarks: incurvum agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium melanantherum var. brevifolium Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 4: 68 (1846)

species :

Galium meliodorum (Beck) Fritsch; Exkursionsfl. Österr. ed. 2, 573 (1909)

Distribution: Austria; Bosnia & Hercegovina

11 AUT 13 BIH

Remarks: lucidum agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium lucidum var. meliodorum Beck; Hernstein Niederösterr. 251 (1886)

species :

Galium membranaceum Ehrend.; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 56: 229 (1948)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, S-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Galium mexicanum Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 3: 337 (1818)

subspecies :

subsp. mexicanum

Name: Mexican bedstraw

Distribution: USA (Texas); Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Zacatecas); Isla Guadalupe; Guatemala; Belize; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia (Boyacá, Cundinamarca, Putumayo); Venezuela (Aragua, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Miranda, Monagas, Sucre, Tachira)

77 USA 79 GLP MEX 80 BLZ COS GUA HON NIC PAN 82 CLM VEN

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium caripense Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 3: 337 (1819)

= Galium granadense Willd.; Schult. & Schult.f., Mant. 3: 186 (1827)

= Galium mexicanum var. glabratum Greenm.; Contr. Gray Herb. 14: 458 (1898)

= Galium mexicanum var. platyphyllum Greenm.; Contr. Gray Herb., n. s. 14: 458 (1898)

= Galium piliferum Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 3: 337 (1819)

subspecies :

subsp. asperrimum (A.Gray) Dempster; Madroño 23: 384 (1976)

Distribution: USA (Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico); Mexico (Sonora, Chihuahua, Sinaloa, Oaxaca, Coahuila)

73 USA 76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium asperrimum A.Gray; Pl. Fendl. 60 (1879)

= Galium mexicanum var. asperrimum (A.Gray) B.L.Turner; Sida, Bot. Misc. 24: 8 (2003), isonym

= Galium mexicanum var. asperrimum (A.Gray) L.C.Higgins & S.L.Welsh; Great Basin Naturalist 46(2): 260 (1986)

subspecies :

subsp. asperulum (A.Gray) Dempster; Madroño 23(7): 384 (1976)

Distribution: Canada (British Columbia); USA (California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington State)

71 CDN 73 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium asperrimum var. asperulum A.Gray; Bot. California [W.H.Brewer] 1: 284 (1880)

= Galium asperulum (A.Gray) Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 809 (1917)

= Galium mexicanum var. asperulum (A.Gray) Dempster; Brittonia 10: 187 (1958)

subspecies :

subsp. flexicum Dempster; Madroño 23: 384 (1976)

Distribution: USA (Texas); Mexico (Sonora, Coahuila, etc.)

77 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium mexicanum var. flexicum (Dempster) B.L.Turner; Sida, Bot. Misc. 24: 8 (2003)

species :

Galium microchiasma Gilli; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 83: 459 (1979 publ. 1980)

Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)

42 NWG

species :

Galium microlobum I.Thomps.; Muelleria 27(1): 100 (2009)

Distribution: Australia (South Australia, New South Wales, Victoria)

50 AUS

species :

Galium microphyllum A.Gray; Pl. Wright 1: 80 (1852)

Name: Bracted bedstraw

Distribution: USA (Arizona, New Mexico, Texas); Mexico (Baja California Sur, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Zacatecas); Guatemala

76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX 80 GUA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium laevigatum Bartl. ex DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 591 (1830), nom. inval.

= Galium nitens M.E.Jones; Contr. W. Bot. 15: 153 (1929)

= Galium repens Sessé & Moc.; Fl. Mexic. 24 (1893)

= Relbunium laevigatum (DC.) Hemsl.; Biol. Cent.-Amer., Bot. 2: 63 (1881)

= Relbunium microphyllum (A.Gray) Hemsl.; Biol. Cent.-Amer., Bot. 2: 63 (1881)

= Relbunium microphyllum var. hispidulum Greenm.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 33: 470 (1898)

= Relbunium microphyllum var. setulosum Greenm.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 33: 470 (1898)

= Relbunium polyplocum Hemsl.; Diagn. Pl. Nov. Mexic. 3: 53 (1880)

= Rubia laevigata DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 591 (1830)

species :

Galium migrans Ehrend. & McGill.; Telopea 2(4): 362 (1983), nom. nov.

subspecies :

subsp. migrans

Distribution: Australia (South Australia)

50 AUS

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium erythrorrhizum F.Muell. ex Miq.; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 4: 113 (1856), nom. illeg.

subspecies :

subsp. inversum I.Thomps.; Muelleria 27(1): 93 (2009)

Distribution: Australia (South Australia)

50 AUS

subspecies :

subsp. trichogynum I.Thomps.; Muelleria 27(1): 95 (map) (2009)

Distribution: Australia (South Australia)

50 AUS

species :

Galium minutissimum T.Shimizu; J. Fac. Text. Sci. & Techn., Shinshu Univ. No. 36, Biol., No. 12 (Stud. Limest. Fl. Jap. & Taiwan, Pt. 2) 58 (1963), et in Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 21: 28 (1964)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

species :

Galium minutulum Jord.; Obs. Pl. Crit. 3: 182 (1846)

Distribution: Portugal; S-, C- & NE-Spain; France; Italy

12 FRA POR SPA 13 ITA

species :

Galium mirum Rech.f.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 69: 512 (1939)

Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; Bulgaria; NE-Greece (incl. Thasos, Samothraki)

13 BUL GRC KOS SRB

Remarks: incurvum agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium capreum Krendl; Bot. Chronika 6-7: 119 (1986-1987 publ. 1988) (fide Strid 2024)

= Galium thracicum Krendl; Bot. Chronika 6-7: 114 (1986-1987 publ. 1988) (fide Strid 2024)

species :

Galium mite Boiss. & Hohen.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 3: 37 (1843)

Distribution: Armenia; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (N-Iran, W-Iran)

33 ARM 34 IRN IRQ TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium mite var. roseum Ghahr.; Fl. Iran (Ghahreman) 22: no. 2692 (2001), nom. inval.

= Galium subvelutinum subsp. mite (Boiss. & Hohen.) Ehrend.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 365 (1958)

species :

Galium moldavicum (Dobrescu) Franco; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 50 (1975)

Distribution: Romania; Moldova

13 ROM 14 MLD

Synonyms: hidden

= Asperula moldavica Dobrocz.; Commun. Ac. R. P. Rom. 4: 389 (1954)

species :

Galium mollugo L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 107 (1753) s. str.

Name: Echtes Wiesen-Labkraut (DE), False baby´s breath (EN)

Distribution: England; ?Sweden; Netherlands; ?Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; France; Channel Isl.; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Serbia; Kosovo; Albania; Romania; ?Bulgaria; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; W-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Egypt (SE-Egypt); Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Irkutsk, W-Siberia); Russian Far East [I] (Kuril Isl. [I], Magadan [I], Primorye [I]); Northern Caucasus; ?Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; ?Azerbaijan; New Zealand [I]; Greenland [I]; Canada [I] (British Columbia [I], Labrador [I], New Brunswick [I], Newfoundland [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Prince Edward Isl. [I], Québec [I]); USA [I] (California [I], Connecticut [I], District of Columbia [I], Delaware [I], Georgia [I], Iowa [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Kentucky [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], Maine [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Mississippi [I], Montana [I], North Carolina [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], Tennessee [I], Utah [I], Virginia [I], Vermont [I], Washington State [I], Wisconsin [I], West Virginia [I], Wyoming [I]); Argentina [I]

10 GRB 11 AUT CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO CIS COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH CRO ITA KOS ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT RUS UKR 20 EGY 30 SIB 31 rfe 33 ARM NCS 51 nzl 70 gnl 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 78 usa 85 arg

Remarks: mollugo agg. See also G. album which is often combined with G. mollugo

Synonyms: hidden

= Galion molluginum St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 113, 126 (1880)

= Galium album Garsault; Fig. Pl. Méd., t. 285 (1764), opus utique oppr.

= Galium amani Kotschy ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 3: 54 (1875)

= Galium aristatum Sm.; Engl. Fl. 1: 203 (1824), nom. superfl.

= Galium attenuatum Klokov & Zaver.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Nizsh. Rast. 1974: 82 (1974)

= Galium beilanense Kotschy ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 3: 54 (1875)

= Galium besseri Klokov; Fl. URSR 10: 464 (1961)

= Galium bielzii Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 285 (1866)

= Galium bocconei Ten. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 657 (1840), nom. illeg.

= Galium boreale var. alpinum Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 418 (1828)

= Galium boreale var. latifolium Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. 1: 122 (1827)

= Galium boreale var. medium Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 418 (1828)

= Galium calcareum (Albov) Pobed.; Fl. URSS 23: 719 (1958)

= Galium capsiriense Jeanb. ex Timb.-Lagr.; Bull. Soc. Sci. Phys. Nat. Toulouse 6: 155 (1883)

= Galium chloranthum (Schur) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 11: 250 (1965), nom. illeg.

= Galium corrudifolium var. pallidulum (Jord.) Rouy; Bull. Assoc. Franç. Bot. 5: 149 (1902)

= Galium corrudifolium Willk.; Flora (Regensburg) 35: 540 (1852), nom. illeg.

= Galium diffusum D.Don; Hook., Fl. Scot. 52 (1821), nom. illeg.

= Galium elatum var. clivale Fr.; Novit. Fl. Suec. Alt. 23 (1828)

= Galium elatum var. insubricum (Gaudin) St.-Lag.; Étude Fl., éd. 8 [A. Cariot], 2: 388 (1889)

= Galium elatum var. latifolium Leers; Fl. Herborn. 115 (1775)

= Galium elatum var. umbrosum Gren.; Fl. France [Grenier] 2: 22 (1850)

= Galium erectum var. approximatum DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 596 (1830)

= Galium erectum var. aristatum Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 324 (1879)

= Galium erectum var. bielzii (Schur) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2: 152 (1889)

= Galium erectum var. boreanum Rouy; Bull. Assoc. Franç. Bot. 5: 147 (1902)

= Galium erectum var. calcareum Albov; Trudy Tiflissk. Bot. Sada 1: 123 (1895)

= Galium erectum var. diffusum (D.Don) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 324 (1879)

= Galium erectum var. petreum (Schur) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 324 (1879)

= Galium erectum var. pseudocinereum (Schur) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2: 152 (1889)

= Galium erectum var. pubescens Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 324 (1879)

= Galium erectum var. scabridulum Rouy; Bull. Assoc. Franç. Bot. 5: 147 (1902)

= Galium erectum var. tyrolense (Willd.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 324 (1879)

= Galium flaccidum Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 58 (1796), nom. superfl.

= Galium gerardi var. falcatum Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 315 (1868)

= Galium gerardi var. tenuissimum Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 315 (1868)

= Galium gerardi var. viridulum (Jord.) Rouy; Bull. Assoc. Franç. Bot. 5: 149 (1902)

= Galium ibericum D.Dietr.; Syn. Pl. [Dietrich] 1: 464 (1839)

= Galium insubricum Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 421 (1828)

= Galium kernerianum Klokov; Fl. URSR 10: 466 (1961)

= Galium lucidum f. brachyphyllum H.Lindb.; Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn., Ser. B, Opera Biol. 1(2): 145 (1932)

= Galium lucidum M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 104 (1808), nom. illeg.

= Galium lucidum subvar. viridulum (Jord.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 325 (1879)

= Galium lucidum var. viridulum (Jord.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2: 152 (1889)

= Galium lucidum W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 333 (1835 publ. 1836), nom. illeg.

= Galium molle Gilib.; Exerc. Phyt. 1: 22 (1792), opus utique oppr.

= Galium mollugo f. brachyphyllum (H.Lindb.) Maire; Jahand. et al., Cat. Pl. Maroc 3: 713 (1934)

= Galium mollugo f. congesta Heintze; Bot. Not. 1900: 279 (1900)

= Galium mollugo f. nemorosum (Wierzb.) Heinr.Braun; 161 (1892)

= Galium mollugo subsp. erectum (Huds.) Syme; 217 (1865)

= Galium mollugo subsp. insubricum (Gaudin) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. 311 (1882)

= Galium mollugo subsp. marmaricum Maire & Weiller; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 30: 281 (1939)

= Galium mollugo subsp. tyrolense (Willd.) Hayek; Fl. Steiermark 2: 380 (1912)

= Galium mollugo var. aristatum Syme; 217 (1865)

= Galium mollugo var. boreanum (Rouy) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 15 (1903)

= Galium mollugo var. caespitosum Pau ex Marcet; Bol. Real Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., Secc. Biol. 48: 98 (1950)

= Galium mollugo var. chloranthum Schur; Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn 33: 228 (1894)

= Galium mollugo var. clivale Fr.; Novit. Fl. Svec. 66 (1819)

= Galium mollugo var. elatum DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 4: 254 (1805)

= Galium mollugo var. elatum Lej.; Rev. Fl. Spa: 35 (1825), nom. illeg.

= Galium mollugo var. elatum Mérat; Nouv. Fl. Env. Paris 59 (1812), nom. illeg.

= Galium mollugo var. erectum (Huds.) Fr.; Novit. Fl. Svec. 66 (1819)

= Galium mollugo var. erectum (Huds.) Piré & F.Muell.; Fl. Centr. Belgique 90 (1866), nom. superfl.

= Galium mollugo var. falcatum (Lange) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 17 (1903)

= Galium mollugo var. insubricum (Gaudin) Bab.; 143 (1843)

= Galium mollugo var. insubricum (Gaudin) Gremli; Excursionsfl. Schweiz, Ed. 2: 218 (1870)

= Galium mollugo var. maritimum Pauquy; Statist. Bot. Somme 183 (1831)

= Galium mollugo var. mutabile Hartm.; Handb. Skand. Fl. 75 (1820)

= Galium mollugo var. nemorale Heintze; Bot. Not. 1900: 279 (1900)

= Galium mollugo var. pallidulum (Jord.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 18 (1903)

= Galium mollugo var. pauciflorum Wallr.; Sched. Crit. 55 (1822)

= Galium mollugo var. racemosum Wallr.; Sched. Crit. 502 (1822)

= Galium mollugo var. scabridulum (Rouy) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 15 (1903)

= Galium mollugo var. scabrum Mérat; Nouv. Fl. Env. Paris 59 (1812)

= Galium mollugo var. scabrum Tinant; Fl. Luxemb. 89 (1836)

= Galium mollugo var. tenuissimum (Lange) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 17 (1903)

= Galium mollugo var. tyrolense (Willd.) Heinr.Braun; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 42: 164 (1892)

= Galium mollugo var. tyrolense (Willd.) Rchb.; XX (1833)

= Galium mollugo var. umbrosum (Gren.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 14 (1903), nom. illeg.

= Galium mollugo var. umbrosum Gren.; Fl. France [Grenier] 2: 22 (1850)

= Galium mollugo var. virgatum Wallr.; Sched. Crit. 502 (1822)

= Galium mollugo var. virgultorum (Lamotte) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2: 152 (1889)

= Galium mollugo var. viridulum (Jord.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 17 (1903)

= Galium nemorosum Wierzb. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 324 (1879)

= Galium oligotrichum Borbás; Magyar Növényt. Lapok 8: 122 (1884), non Simonk.

= Galium pallescens Jan; Elench. Pl. 2: 70 (1831), nom. illeg., non C. Presl

= Galium pallidulum Jord.; Mém. Acad. Sci. Lyon, Sect. Sci. 1: 80 (1852)

= Galium paulianum F.W.Schultz; Arch. Fl. 158 (1855)

= Galium petraeum Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 284 (1866)

= Galium provinciale Lam.; Encycl. 2: 581 (1788)

= Galium pseudocinereum Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 285 (1866)

= Galium pseudomollugo Klokov; Fl. URSR 10: 464 (1961)

= Galium pseudorubioides Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 4: 32 (1853)

= Galium pubescens Schrad. ex Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 210 (1831), nom. inval.

= Galium rubioides var. pseudorubioides (Schur) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2: 152 (1889)

= Galium scabrum With.; Bot. Arr. Brit. Pl. ed. 3, 2: 190 (1796), nom. superfl.

= Galium splendens Hornem.; Hort. Bot. Hafn., Suppl. 17 (1819)

= Galium tyrolense Willd.; Enum. Pl. [Willdenow] 153 (1809)

= Galium virgultorum Lamotte; Prodr. Fl. Plat. Centr. 2: 360 (1881)

= Galium viridulum Jord.; Mém. Acad. Sci. Lyon, Sect. Sci. 1: 79 (1852)

= Galium vulgare Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 483 (1821)

= Galium vulgare var. scabrum Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 483 (1821 publ. 1822)

= Galium ×ochroleucum var. paulianum (F.W.Schultz) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 20 (1903)

= Rubia mollugo (L.) Baill.; Hist. Pl. 7: 372 (1880)

species :

Galium monachinii Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 2(10): 67 (1849)

Distribution: Greece (Attiki, Naxos, Milos); Crete (mountains); East Aegaean Isl. (Karpathos)

13 GRC KRI 34 EAI

species :

Galium monticola Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 3: 36 (1865)

Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

species :

Galium montis-arerae Merxm. & Ehrend.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 104: 228 (1957)

Distribution: N-Italy (Alpi Bergamasche)

13 ITA

Remarks: lucidum agg.

species :

Galium moralesianum Ortega Oliv. & Devesa; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 143(2): 178 (2003)

Distribution: SE-Spain

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium boissieranum subsp. moralesianum (Ortega Oliv. & Devesa) Agulló, M.A.Alonso, Juan, J.L.Villar & M.B.Crespo; Lazaroa 31: 160 (2010)

species :

Galium moranii Dempster; Brittonia 22: 190 (1970)

subspecies :

subsp. moranii

Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Sur)

79 MEX

subspecies :

subsp. aculeolatum (Dempster) Dempster; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 73: 19 (1978)

Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Sur)

79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium aculeolatum Dempster; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 64: 27 (1973)

species :

Galium morii Hayata; Ic. Pl. Formos. 7: 32 (1918)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium sigeyosii Masam.; Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 33: 620 (1943)

species :

Galium mucroniferum Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 3: 37 (1865)

Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium mucronatum E.Mey. ex Harv. & Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 3: 37 (1865), nom. illeg.

variant :

var. dregeanum (Sond.) Puff; J. S. African Bot. 44(3): 260 (1978)

Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho

27 LES SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium dregeanum Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 3: 38 (1865)

species :

Galium muelleri (K.Schum.) Dempster; Allertonia 5: 328 (1990)

Distribution: S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina)

84 BRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Relbunium muelleri K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 406 (1889)

species :

Galium multiflorum Kellogg; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2: 97, f. 27 (1863)

Name: Shrubby bedstraw

Distribution: Canada (British Columbia); USA (California, Nevada)

71 CDN 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium bloomeri A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 6: 538 (1865)

= Galium bloomeri var. hirsutum A.Gray; Bot. California [W.H.Brewer] 1: 285 (1876)

= Galium matthewsii var. scabridum Jeps.; Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. [Jepson] 963 (1925)

= Galium multiflorum f. hirsutum (A.Gray) Ehrend.; Contr. Dudley Herb. 5: 10 (1956)

= Galium multiflorum subsp. hirsutum (A.Gray) Ehrend.; Contr. Dudley Herb. 5: 10 (1956)

= Galium multiflorum var. hirsutum (A.Gray) A.Gray; Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 1(2): 40 (1884)

species :

Galium munzii Hilend & Howell; Leafl. W. Bot. 1: 135 (1934)

subspecies :

subsp. munzii

Name: Munz´s bedstraw

Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah)

76 USA

subspecies :

subsp. ambivalens Dempster & Ehrend.; Brittonia 17: 309 (1965)

Distribution: USA (Arizona, Utah)

76 USA

species :

Galium murale (L.) All.; Auct. Syn. Meth. Stirp. Hort. Regii Taur. 8 (1773)

Name: Yellow wall bedstraw (EN); Mauer-Labkraut (DE); Raspilla menuda (ES)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Portugal; Spain; Gibraltar; Baleares; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); San Marino; Croatia; Albania; European Turkey; Greece (widespread C- & S-Greece incl. most islands, rare in the North); Crete (widespread, incl. islets); Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (N-Egypt); Azores (Sao Miguel Isl., Graciosa, Pico, Faial); Madeira (Madeira Isl., Ilhas Desertas, Porto Santo Isl.); Canary Isl. (Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma Isl.); Cape Verde Isl.; Somalia; East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos, Kastellorhizo Isl.); Turkey (N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Iran; Afghanistan (Badghys); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, NW-Syria, Jbel Druze); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, Judean Desert); Palestine; Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); New Zealand [I]; USA [I] (California [I]); Chile [I] (Coquimbo [I], Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], O´Higgins [I], Maule [I], Biobío [I])

11 ger 12 BAL COR FRA GIB POR SAR SPA 13 ALB CRO GRC ITA KRI PEL PTL SIC SMA TUE 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 21 AZO CNY CVI MDR 24 SOM 34 AFG CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB PAL SIN SYR TUR 50 aus 51 nzl 76 usa 85 cle

Synonyms: hidden

= Aparinanthus muralis (L.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n. s. 16: 397 (1868)

= Aparine minima All. ex DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 610 (1830)

= Aspera nutans Moench; Methodus [Moench] 641 (1794), nom. superfl.

= Galium apsheronicum Pobed.; Fl. URSS 23: 710 (1958)

= Galium calvipes Pau; Trab. Mus. Nac. Ci. Nat., Ser. Bot. 14: 36 (1918)

= Galium filiforme (Aiton) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg. ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 252 (1818)

= Galium fragile Pourr. ex DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 610 (1830)

= Galium minimum Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 262 (1818), nom. superfl.

= Galium murale f. hispidulum H.Lindb.; Öfvers. Finska Vetensk.-Soc. Förh. 48(13): 102 (1906)

= Galium murale f. laeve H.Lindb.; Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn., Ser. B, Opera Biol. 1(2): 145 (1932)

= Galium murale f. villosum Gand.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 47: 138 (1900)

= Galium murale var. balearicum Sennen; Bol. Soc. Iber. Ci. Nat. 27: 182 (1929)

= Galium murale var. laxum Lange; Overs. Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Forh. Medlemmers Arbeider 1893: 195 (1893)

= Galium murale var. troodi H.Lindb.; Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn., Ser. B, Opera Biol. 2(7): 32 (1946)

= Sherardia muralis L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 103 (1753)

= Valantia filiformis Aiton; Hort. Kew. 3: 428 (1789)

= Valantia rupestris Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 3: 384 (1779)

species :

Galium muricatum W.Wight; Zoe 5: 56 (1900)

Name: Humboldt bedstraw

Distribution: USA (California, Oregon)

73 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium chartaceum W.Wight; Zoe 5: 56 (1900)

species :

Galium nabelekii Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 127: 302 (1977)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (N-Iran)

34 IRN IRQ TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium handelii Nab.; (1923) (nom. illeg., p. p.)

species :

Galium nakaii Kudô; Jap. J. Bot. 2: 277 (1925), nomen, H. Hara in J. Jap. Bot. 9: 517 (1933), descr.

Distribution: Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium miyabei Koidz. ex H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 9: 517 (1933), pro syn.

species :

Galium nanhumontanum S.S.Ying; New Taxa New Names 4: 23 (2022)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Galium nankotaizanum Ohwi; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 36: 56 (1934)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium maborasense Masam.; Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 29: 219 (1939)

species :

Galium nepalense Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 155 (1-4): 82 (1987)

Distribution: Nepal

40 NEP

species :

Galium nevadense Boiss. & Reut.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 3(2): 115 (1856)

Distribution: S-Spain (mountains); ?Morocco

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium mollugo var. nevadense (Boiss. & Reut.) Maire; Jahand. et al., Cat. Pl. Maroc 3: 713 (1934)

= Galium nevadense var. vestitum Pau; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 8: 120 (1909)

= Galium sylvestre var. nevadense (Boiss. & Reut.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 327 (1879)

species :

Galium nigdeense Yild.; Ot Sist. Bot. Derg. 17(2): 101 (2010)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Galium nigricans Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 3: 48 (1843)

Distribution: Egypt; Turkey (E-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Syria; Palestine

20 EGY 34 IRN IRQ PAL SYR TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium syriacum Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 3: 47 (1843)

= Galium aleppicum Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 1, 3: 50 (1843)

= Galium vulcanicum Boiss. & Hohen.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 1, 10: 70 (1843)

species :

Galium nigroramosum (Ehrend.) Dempster; Allertonia 5: 300 (1990)

Distribution: Peru; Bolivia (Tarija); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Amambay, Caazapa, Itapua, San Pedro); Uruguay (Durazno); Argentina (Catamarca, Corrientes, Misiones, Tucuman)

83 BOL PER 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU

Synonyms: hidden

= Relbunium nigroramosum Ehrend.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 76: 529 (1955)

species :

Galium noli-tangere Ball; J. Bot. 11: 335 (1873)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

species :

Galium noricum Ehrend.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 100: 672 (1953)

Name: Norisches Labkraut (DE)

Distribution: Germany (Bayern); Austria; NE-Italy; S-Slovenia

11 AUT GER 13 ITA

Remarks: baldense agg.

species :

Galium normanii Dahl; Skr. Vid.-Selsk. Kristiania (1914): 136 (1915)

Name: Isländisches Labkraut

Distribution: Iceland; W-Norway

10 ICE NOR

Remarks: pusillum agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium normanii var. islandicum (Sterner ex Hyl.) Á.Löve; Taxon 19: 301 (1970), nom. inval.

= Galium pumilum subsp. islandicum Sterner; Acta Horti Gothob. 15: 213 (1944), nom. inval.

= Galium pumilum subsp. normanii (Dahl) Nordh.; Norsk Fl. (Oslo): 609 (1940)

= Galium sylvestre var. chlorananthum Norman; Arch. Math. Naturvid. 8: 69 (1883)

species :

Galium novoguineense Diels; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 62: 493 (1929)

Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)

42 NWG

species :

Galium noxium (A.St.-Hil.) Dempster; Allertonia 5: 292 (1990)

Distribution: Peru; Bolivia (Cochabamba, La Paz); NE-Brazil (Bahia); WC-Brazil (Goiás); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Caaguazu, Canindeyu, Central, Concepcion, Cordillera, Guaira, Itapua, Misiones, Paraguari, Pres. Hayes, San Pedro); Uruguay (Cerro Largo, Florida Prov., Maldonado, Montevideo, Paysandu, Rio Negro, Rivera, Rocha, Salto, San Jose); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Chaco, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Misiones)

83 BOL PER 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium noxium subsp. valantioides (Cham. & Schltdl.) Dempster; Allertonia 5: 295 (1990)

= Galium paratyense Vell.; Fl. Flumin. 1: 43 (1825)

= Relbunium asperum (Pohl ex DC.) K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 111 (1888)

= Relbunium diffusum (Pohl ex DC.) K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 111 (1888)

= Relbunium diffusum var. glabrum K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 111 (1889)

= Relbunium hypocarpium f. denticulata Chodat & Hassl.; Bull. Herb. Boiss. 11 4: 192 (1904)

= Relbunium noxium (A.St.-Hil.) K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 110 (1889)

= Relbunium noxium var. pilcomayense Hassl.; Trab. Mus. Farm Fac. Ci. Med. Buenos Aires 21: 119 (1909)

= Relbunium valantioides (Cham. & Schltdl.) K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 115 (1889)

= Rubia aspera Pohl ex DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 592 (1830)

= Rubia diffusa Pohl ex DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 592 (1830)

= Rubia noxia A.St.-Hil.; Hist. Pl. Remarq. Brésil 229 (1824)

= Rubia valantioides Cham. & Schltdl.; Linnaea 3: 231 (1828)

species :

Galium numidicum Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 293 (1875)

Distribution: Algeria

20 ALG

species :

Galium nupercreatum Popov; Trudy Prikl. Bot. Selekts. 17(1): 278 (1927)

Distribution: Uzbekistan; Tajikistan; S-Iran; Afghanistan (Samangan)

32 TZK UZB 34 AFG IRN

species :

Galium nuttallii A.Gray; Pl. Wright. [A.Gray] 1: 80 (1852)

subspecies :

subsp. nuttallii

Name: Climbing bedstraw

Distribution: USA (California); Mexico (Baja California Norte)

76 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium suffruticosum Nutt.; J. Torr. & A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 2: 21 (1841), nom. illeg.

subspecies :

subsp. insulare Ferris; Contr. Dudley Herb. 4: 338 (1955)

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

species :

Galium obliquum Vill.; Prosp. Hist. Pl. Dauphiné 19 (1779)

subspecies :

subsp. obliquum

Distribution: France; Italy (Cévennes, Jura, SW-Alps, Appennini)

12 FRA 13 ITA

Remarks: rubrum agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium alpicola Jord.; Observ. Pl. Nouv. 3: 131 (1846)

= Galium brachypodum Jord.; Observ. Pl. Nouv. 3: 130 (1846)

= Galium corsicum subsp. brachypodum (Jord.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. (1882)

= Galium corsicum Tausch; Flora (Regensburg) 14: 221 (1831), nom. illeg.

= Galium gracilentum Jord.; Observ. Pl. Nouv. 3: 126 (1846)

= Galium jordanii subsp. gracilentum (Jord.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 327 (1879)

= Galium laetum Jord.; Observ. Pl. Nouv. 3: 133 (1846)

= Galium leucophaeum Gren.; Fl. France [Grenier] 2: 28 (1850)

= Galium luteolum Jord.; Observ. Pl. Nouv. 3: 128 (1846)

= Galium mucronatum Lam.; Encycl. 2: 581 (1788)

= Galium myrianthum Jord.; Observ. Pl. Nouv. 3: 126 (1846)

= Galium myrianthum var. rubriflorum St.-Lag.; Étude Fl., éd. 8 [A. Cariot], 2: 390 (1889)

= Galium obliquum subsp. prostii (Jord.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 325 (1879)

= Galium obliquum subvar. myrianthum (Jord.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 325 (1879)

= Galium obliquum var. alpicola (Jord.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 325 (1879)

= Galium obliquum var. brachypodum (Jord.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 325 (1879)

= Galium obliquum var. leucophaeum (Gren. & Godr.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 325 (1879)

= Galium obliquum var. luteolum (Jord.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 325 (1879)

= Galium obliquum var. pseudomyrianthum (Gennari) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2: 152 (1889)

= Galium obliquum var. rubriflorum Cariot & St.-Lag.; Étude Fl., éd. 8 [A. Cariot], 2: 390 (1889)

= Galium obliquum var. tomophyllum (Gand.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 325 (1879)

= Galium pallens Thuill.; Fl. Env. Paris, ed. 2: 77 (1799)

= Galium prostii Jord.; Observ. Pl. Nouv. 3: 123 (1846)

= Galium pseudomyrianthum Gennari; Mem. Reale Accad. Sci. Torino, II 17: 466 (1858)

= Galium rubidum Jord.; Observ. Pl. Nouv. 3: 121 (1846)

= Galium rubrum subsp. mucronatum (Lam.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 329 (1879)

= Galium rubrum subsp. obliquum (Vill.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 26 (1903)

= Galium rubrum subsp. prostii (Jord.) Bonnier; Fl. Ill. France 5: 36 (1922)

= Galium rubrum subsp. rubidum (Jord.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 329 (1879)

= Galium rubrum subvar. rubriflorum (Cariot & St.-Lag.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 27 (1903)

= Galium rubrum var. alpicola (Jord.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 28 (1903)

= Galium rubrum var. brachypodum (Jord.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 28 (1903)

= Galium rubrum var. gracilentum (Jord.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 28 (1903)

= Galium rubrum var. laetum (Jord.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 28 (1903)

= Galium rubrum var. leucophaeum (Gren. & Godr.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 28 (1903)

= Galium rubrum var. luteolum (Jord.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 28 (1903)

= Galium rubrum var. myrianthum (Jord.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 27 (1903)

= Galium rubrum var. rubidum (Jord.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 27 (1903)

= Galium rubrum var. rubriflorum Briq. & Cavill.; Burnat, Fl. Alpes Marit. 5(2): 142 (1915)

= Galium tomophyllum Gand.; Fl. Lyon. 114 (1875)

subspecies :

subsp. neoluteolum Arrigoni; Fl. Analítica Toscana 6: 354 (2019)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

species :

Galium obovatum Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 3: 336 (1819)

Distribution: ?Honduras; Colombia (Antioquia, Boyacá, Cundinamarca, Nariño, Norte de Santander, Quindío, Valle); Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Cochabamba, La Paz)

82 CLM 83 BOL ECU PER

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium lappaceum Ruiz & Pav.; Fl. Peruv. 1: 59 (1798)

= Galium rotundifolium var. uncinulatum Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3: 120 (1898)

species :

Galium obtusum Bigelow; Fl. Boston., ed. 2: 55 (1824)

subspecies :

subsp. obtusum

Name: Bluntleaf bedstraw

Distribution: Canada (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Québec); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Vermont, Wisconsin, West Virginia)

72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium trifidum var. latifolium Torr.; Fl. N. Middle United States 1: 165 (1824)

= Galium obtusum var. ramosum Gleason; Phytologia 4: 24 (1952)

subspecies :

subsp. filifolium (Wiegand) Puff; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 104(3): 207 (1977)

Name: Bluntleaf bedstraw

Distribution: USA (Alabama, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, New Jersey, South Carolina, Virginia)

75 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium filifolium (Wiegand) Small; Man. S.E. Fl. [Small] 1268 (1933)

= Galium obtusum var. filifolium (Wiegand) Fernald; Rhodora 37: 443 (1935)

= Galium tinctorium var. filifolium Wiegand; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24: 397 (1897)

species :

Galium octonarium (Klokov) Pobed.; Nov. Syst. Pl. Vasc. (Leningrad) 7: 278 (1971)

Distribution: ?Poland; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Kazakhstan

13 BUL ROM TUE 14 KRY RUS UKR 32 KAZ

Synonyms: hidden

= Asperula octonaria Klokov; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 18: 229 (1957)

= Asperula tomentella Dubovik; Ukrayins´k. Bot. Zhurn. 21: No. 2. 93 (1964)

= Galium dubovicii Ostapko; Konspekt Fl. Yugo-Vost. Ukrainy 130 (1985), nom. nov. for Asperula tomentella Dubovik

species :

Galium odoratum (L.) Scop.; Fl. Carn. ed. 2, 1: 105 (1771)

Name: Waldmeister (DE), Sweetscented bedstraw (EN)

Distribution: England; Ireland; Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; NE-Spain; Andorra; France; Channel Isl. [I]; Corsica; Italy; Sicily; Malta; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (mountains of N-Greece, rare C-Greece, N-Peloponnisos, Thasos); Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; W-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Algeria; Siberia (Altai, Krasnoyarsk, W-Siberia); Russian Far East (Primorye, Sakhalin); Kazakhstan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iran (NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, W-Iran); China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Shanxi, Ningxia, Gansu, Xinjiang, Shandong, Sichuan); North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu); Pakistan (Kurram); Canada [I] (British Columbia [I], Ontario [I], Québec [I]); USA [I] (Colorado [I], Delaware [I], Georgia [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], North Carolina [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], Virginia [I], Washington State [I])

10 DEN FIN GRB IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO cis COR FRA SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MLT MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT RUS UKR 20 ALG 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO 40 PAK 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 75 usa 78 usa

Synonyms: hidden

= Asperula eugeniae K.Richt.; Abh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 38: 219 (1888)

= Asperula matrisylva Gilib.; Exerc. Bot. 5 (1782), opus utique oppr.

= Asperula odora Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 57 (1796), nom. superfl.

= Asperula odorata f. latifolia (T.Marsson) Werner Christ.; Flora von Kiel [J. A. Christiansen et al.] 212 (1922)

= Asperula odorata L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 103 (1753)

= Asperula odorata var. latifolia T.Marsson; 217 (1869)

= Asperula odorata var. trifida Sennen; Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.) 1928: no. 6580 (1929)

= Asterophyllum asperula K.F.Schimp. & Spenn.; Spenn. Fl. Friburg. 3: 1077 (1829), nom. illeg.

= Asterophyllum sylvaticum K.F.Schimp. & Spenn.; Spenn. Fl. Friburg. 3: 1077 (1829)in obs.

= Chlorostemma odoratum (L.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n. s. 16: 398 (1868)

= Galium matrisylva F.H.Wigg.; Prim. Fl. Holsat. 13 (1780), nom. superfl.

= Galium odoratum var. eugeniae (K.Richt.) Ehrend.; E. Janch., Fl. Wien, Niederost. & Nordburg., ed. 2: 470 (1977), without basionym ref.

species :

Galium oelandicum (Sterner & Hyl.) Ehrend.; Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Abt. 1, 169: 418 (1960)

Distribution: Sweden (Øland)

10 SWE

Remarks: pusillum agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium pumilum subsp. oelandicum Sterner & Hyl.; Acta Horti Gothob. 15: 212 (1944)

= Galium sylvestre var. laeve Hartm.; Handb. Skand. Fl., ed. 3: 36 (1838)

species :

Galium olgae Klokov; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Nizsh. Rast. 1974: 107 (1974)

Distribution: Ukraine

14 UKR

species :

Galium olivetorum Le Houér.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 57: 105 (1960)

Distribution: Tunisia

20 TUN

species :

Galium olympicum Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 3: 41 (1843)

Distribution: Turkey (NW-Anatolia: Bithynia)

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium pyrenaicum Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. 1: 92 (1806), nom. illeg.

species :

Galium ophiolithicum Krendl; Bot. Chronika 6-7: 104 (1986-1987 publ. 1988)

Distribution: NW-Greece (Mt. Timphi)

13 GRC

species :

Galium oreganum Britton; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 21: 31 (1894)

Name: Oregon bedstraw

Distribution: USA (California, Oregon, Washington State)

73 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium kamtschaticum subsp. oreganum (Britton) Piper; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 11: 526 (1906)

= Galium kamtschaticum var. oreganum (Britton) Piper; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 11: 526 (1906)

species :

Galium oreophilum Krendl; Bot. Chronika 6-7: 94 (1986-1987 publ. 1988)

Distribution: North Macedonia; S-Albania; Greece (NW-Greece south to Mt. Giona)

13 ALB GRC NMA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium monasterium Krendl; Bot. Chronika 6-7: 98 (1986-1987 publ. 1988) (fide Strid 2024)

= Galium sacrorum Krendl; Bot. Chronika 6-7: 101 (1986-1987 publ. 1988) (fide Strid 2024)

species :

Galium oresbium Greenm.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 33: 462 (1898)

Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León)

79 MEX

species :

Galium orizabense Hemsl.; Diag. Pl. Nov. 54 (1878)

subspecies :

subsp. orizabense

Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Veracruz); Guatemala; Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia (Valle); Venezuela (Barinas, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Merida)

79 MEX 80 COS GUA PAN 82 CLM VEN

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium uncinulatum var. nanum Greenm.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 33: 459 (1898)

subspecies :

subsp. laevicaule (Weath. & Blake) Dempster; Allertonia 2(8): 411 (1981)

Name: Bald bedstraw

Distribution: USA (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia)

77 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium pilosum var. laevicaule Weath. & Blake; Rhodora 18: 194 (1916)

species :

Galium oshtenicum Ehrend. & Schanzer ex Mikheev; Bot. Zhurn., 77(10): 72 (1992)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus (Krasnodar)

33 NCS

species :

Galium ossirwaense K.Krause; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 43: 159 (1909)

Distribution: Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Mozambique

25 KEN TAN UGA 26 MOZ

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium mollicomum Bullock; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1932: 498 (1932)

= Galium mollicomum var. friesiorum Bullock; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1932: 498 (1932)

variant :

var. glabrum Verdc.; Kew Bull. 30(3): 474 (1975)

Distribution: Tanzania

25 TAN

species :

Galium ostenianum (Standl.) Dempster; Allertonia 5: 330 (1990)

Distribution: S-Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul); Uruguay (Cerro Largo, Treinta y Tres)

84 BRA 85 URU

Synonyms: hidden

= Relbunium ostenianum Standl.; Ostenia 120 (1923)

species :

Galium ovalleanum Phil.; Anales Univ. Chile 85: 734 (1894)

Distribution: Chile (Coquimbo)

85 CLE

species :

Galium ovitdaghense Daskin; Nordic J. Bot. 36(1-2)-e01597: 2 (2017)

Distribution: Turkey (NE-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Galium pabulosum Sommier & Levier; Boll. Soc. Bot. Ital. 2: 31 (1894)

Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]

33 GEO

species :

Galium palaeoitalicum Ehrend.; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 68: 271 (1974)

Distribution: Italy (Mte. Pollino, Alpi Apuane)

13 ITA

species :

Galium palustre L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 105 (1753)

subspecies :

subsp. palustre

Name: Sumpf-Labkraut (DE), Common marsh bedstraw (EN)

Distribution: Iceland; Faeroe Isl.; England; Ireland; Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; ?Baleares; France; Channel Isl.; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Malta; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (mountains of N-Greece, rare C-Greece); Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; W-European Russia; Ukraine; ?Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Azores (Sao Miguel Isl., Sao Jorge, Pico, Faial, Flores Isl.); Siberia (Altai, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Kamchatka [I]); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Turkey (N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia); New Zealand [I]; Chatham Isl. [I]; Canada (Labrador, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Québec, Yukon); St. Pierre et Miquelon; USA (Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Montana, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Washington State, Wisconsin, West Virginia); Argentina [I]

10 DEN FIN FOR GRB ICE IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 CIS COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MLT MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SRB TUE 14 BLR EST LAT LIT RUS UKR 20 ALG MOR 21 AZO 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ TKM 33 ARM GEO NCS 34 TUR 51 ctm nzl 70 CDN 71 CDN 72 CDN SPM 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 78 USA 85 arg

Remarks: palustre agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium diffusum Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 7 (1782), opus utique oppr.

= Galium fontinale K.Koch; Linnaea 24: 469 (1851)

= Galium glomeratum Vill. ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg. ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 216 (1818), nom. illeg.

= Galium incarnatum Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 8 (1782), opus utique oppr.

= Galium masferreri Sennen; Bol. Soc. Iber. Ci. Nat. 27: 177 (1928 publ. 1929)

= Galium montanum With.; Bot. Arr. Brit. Pl. ed. 3, 2: 187 (1796), nom. illeg.

= Galium palustre f. caespitosum Neuman; Sver. Fl. 107 (1901)

= Galium palustre f. humifusum (Reut.) E.Baumann; 455 (1911)

= Galium palustre f. rupicola (Desm.) Bolzon; Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1911: 60 (1911)

= Galium palustre f. submersum Glück; Biol. Morphol. Untersuch. Wasser- Sumpfgewächse 3: 29 (1911)

= Galium palustre subsp. caespitosum (Neuman) Oberd.; 342 (1949)

= Galium palustre subsp. tetraploideum A.R.Clapham; J. do Amaral Franco, Nova Fl. Portugal 2: 565 (1984)

= Galium palustre var. balticum Apelgren; Nordic J. Bot. 10(6): 588 (1991)

= Galium palustre var. bertolonii Uechtr.; 439 (1822)

= Galium palustre var. brachyphyllum Opiz; Bercht. & Opiz, Oekon.-Techn. Fl. Böhm. 2: 66 (1838)

= Galium palustre var. humifusum Reut.; Cat. Pl. Vasc. Genèv., ed. 2: 31 (1861)

= Galium palustre var. leiogonum Láng; Soc. Regia Bot. Ratisbon., 187 (1824)

= Galium palustre var. lineare Uechtr.; 440 (1822)

= Galium palustre var. majus Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 280 (1866)

= Galium palustre var. maximum Heinr.Braun; A. J. R. Kerner von Marilaun, Sched. Fl. Exs. Austro-Hung. 6: 77 (1893)

= Galium palustre var. morisianum Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 43 (1903)

= Galium palustre var. pubescens Hartm.; Handb. Skand. Fl. 73 (1820)

= Galium palustre var. rupicola Des Moul.; Cat. Rais. Pl. Dordogne 77 (1840)

= Galium palustre var. umbrosum Asch.; Fl. Brandenburg 1: 276 (1860)

= Galium palustre var. witheringii (Sm.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 328 (1879), isonym

= Galium palustre var. witheringii (Sm.) Syme; 222 (1865)

= Galium reuteri W.Koch; 31 (1926)

= Galium reuteri f. submersum W.Koch; 39 (1926), nom. inval.

= Galium rumelicum Formánek; Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn 36: 70 (1898)

= Galium rupicola (Desm.) Boreau; Fl. Centre France, ed. 3, 2: 306 (1857)

= Galium vayredae Sennen; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 73: 652 (1926 publ. 1927)

= Galium witheringii Sm.; Fl. Brit. 174 (1800)

= Rubia palustris (L.) Baill.; Hist. Pl. 7: 873 (1880)

subspecies :

subsp. tetraploideum A.R.Clapham ex Franco; Nova Fl. Portugal 2: 74, 565 (1984)

Distribution: England; Germany; Switzerland; Portugal; Spain; France; etc.

10 GRB 11 GER SWI 12 FRA POR SPA

Remarks: separated from G. palustre (2n: 24) on cytological basis (2n: 48)

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium tetraploideum (A.R.Clapham ex Franco) G.H.Loos; Jahrb. Bochum. Bot. Vereins (2010)

species :

Galium pamiroalaicum Pobed.; Fl. URSS 23: 718 (1958)

Distribution: Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Uzbekistan

32 KGZ TZK UZB

species :

Galium pamphylicum Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 10: 69 (1849)

Distribution: Turkey (SSW-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Galium paniculatum (Bunge) Pobed.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 7: 277 (1970 publ. 1971)

Distribution: Siberia (Altai, Krasnoyarsk); Kazakhstan; China (Xinjiang)

30 SIB 32 KAZ 36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Asperula paniculata Bunge; Ledeb., Fl. Altaic. 1: 140 (1829)

= Galium filicaule Willd. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 658 (1840), nom. superfl.

= Galium xinjiangense W.C.Chen; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 28(4): 304-305, f. 2 (1990)

species :

Galium papilliferum Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37: 253 (1979)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Galium papillosum Lapeyr.; Hist. Abr. Pyr. 66 (1813)

subspecies :

subsp. papillosum

Distribution: N-Portugal; N-Spain; SW-France

12 FRA POR SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium asturiocantabricum Ehrend.; Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Abt. 1, 169: 409 (1960)

= Galium commune var. nouletianum (Baill. & Timb.-Lagr.) Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 49: 143 (1902)

= Galium commune var. papillosum (Lapeyr.) Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 49: 143 (1902)

= Galium hirsutum Lapeyr.; Hist. Pl. Pyrénées, Suppl. 25 (1818), nom. illeg.

= Galium langei (Cout.) P.Silva; Agron. Lusit. 34: 194 (1972 publ. 1973), nom. illeg.

= Galium nouletianum Baill. & Timb.-Lagr.; Mém. Acad. Sci. Toulouse Ser. V. 6: 233 (1862)

= Galium papillosum var. hirsutum Clos; Mém. Acad. Sci. Toulouse 1: 237 (1857)

= Galium papillosum var. hirsutum Lapeyr. ex Clos; Mém. Acad. Sci. Toulouse, Sér. 5, 1: 237 (1857)

= Galium papillosum var. nouletianum (Baill. & Timb.-Lagr.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 327 (1879)

= Galium pumilum subsp. papillosum (Lapeyr.) O.Bolòs; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 4: 272 (1954), nom. inval.

= Galium pumilum subsp. rivulare (Boiss. & Reut.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Fl. Països Catalans 3: 571 (1996)

= Galium rivulare Boiss. & Reut.; Diagn. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 15 (1842)

= Galium sylvestre subsp. papillosum (Lapeyr.) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France 141 (1894)

= Galium uliginosum subsp. langei Cout.; Not. Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 7: 7 (1930)

= Galium umbellatum var. nouletianum (Baill. & Timb.-Lagr.) Rouy; Bull. Assoc. Franç. Bot. 5: 142 (1902)

= Galium umbellatum var. papillosum (Lapeyr.) Rouy; Bull. Assoc. Franç. Bot. 5: 142 (1902)

subspecies :

subsp. helodes (Hoffmanns. & Link) Malag. ex Ortega Oliv. & Devesa; Acta Bot. Malac. 28: 207 (2003)

Distribution: Portugal; NW-Spain

12 POR SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium helodes Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 2: 47 (1820 publ. 1824)

= Galium helodes var. asperrimum Merino; Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 14: 167 (1916)

= Galium pumilum var. helodes (Hoffmanns. & Link) P.Monts.; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 5: 646 (1958), nom. inval.

= Galium uliginosum var. helodes (Hoffmanns. & Link) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 327 (1879)

species :

Galium papuanum Wernham; Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 9: 79 (1916)

Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya)

42 NWG

species :

Galium parishii Hilend & Howell; Leafl. W. Bot. 1: 136 (1934)

Name: Parish´s bedstraw

Distribution: USA (California, Nevada)

76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium multiflorum var. parvifolium Parish; Zoe 5: 75 (1900)

= Galium parvifolium (Parish) Jeps.; Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. [Jepson] 963 (1925), nom. illeg.

species :

Galium parisiense L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 108 (1753)

Name: Pariser Labkraut (DE); Wall bedstraw (EN); Raspilla de Paris (ES)

Distribution: England; Belgium; Germany (Brandenburg [I], Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, +Hessen, Hessen [I], Mecklenburg-Vorpommern [I], Niedersachsen [I], Nordrhein-Westfalen [I], Rheinland-Pfalz, +Saarland, Sachsen [I], Sachsen-Anhalt, +Thüringen); Switzerland; Austria; Slovakia; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Baleares; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; San Marino [I]; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (scattered N-Greece, rare C-Greece, Kerkyra, Thasos, Sporades, Ionian Isl.); Crete (Lefka Ori); Lithuania; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (SE-Egypt); Azores (Santa Maria Isl., Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Graciosa, Sao Jorge, Pico, Faial, Flores Isl., Corvo Isl.); Madeira (Madeira Isl., Porto Santo Isl.); Canary Isl. (Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma Isl.); Cape Verde Isl. (Santo Antao Isl., Ilha de Sao Nicolau, Ilha de Sao Tiago, Fogo Isl., Ilha Brava); East Aegaean Isl. (Rhodos); Turkey (Inner Anatolia); Cyprus (C-Mountains); Lebanon (Antilebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, Jbel Druze); Canada [I] (British Columbia [I]); USA [I] (California [I], Oregon [I], Washington State [I]); Chile [I] (Metropolitana de Santiago [I])

10 GRB 11 AUT BGM GER HUN SLO SWI 12 BAL COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV sma SRB TUE 14 LIT 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 21 AZO CNY CVI MDR 34 CYP EAI LEB SYR TUR 71 cdn 73 usa 76 usa 85 cle

Remarks: parisiense agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Aparine parisiensis (L.) Hill; Herb. Brit. 2: 150 (1770)

= Aparinella decipiens (Jord.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n. s. 16: 397 (1868)

= Aparinella litigiosa (DC.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n. s. 16: 397 (1868)

= Aparinella parisiensis (L.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n. s. 16: 397 (1868)

= Aparinella ruricola (Jord.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n. s. 16: 397 (1868)

= Galium anglicum subsp. decipiens (Jord.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 330 (1879)

= Galium anglicum subsp. parisiense (L.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 330 (1879), nom. illeg.

= Galium anglicum subsp. tenellum (Jord.) Bonnier; Fl. Ill. France 5: 43 (1922)

= Galium anglicum var. chamaeaparine (Willk. & Costa) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 330 (1879)

= Galium anglicum var. hispidum St.-Lag.; Étude Fl., éd. 8 [A. Cariot], 2: 369 (1889)

= Galium anglicum var. litigiosum (DC.) W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 331 (1837)

= Galium anglicum var. parisiense (L.) Macreight; 113 (1837), nom. illeg.

= Galium anglicum var. ruricola (Jord.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 330 (1879)

= Galium anglicum var. ruricola (Jord.) St.-Lag.; Étude Fl., éd. 8 [A. Cariot], 2: 369 (1889)

= Galium axillare C.Presl ex Guss.; Fl. Sicul. Prodr. 1: 178 (1827)

= Galium chamaeaparina Willk. & Costa; Linnaea 30: 102 (1859 publ. 1860)

= Galium decipiens Jord.; Observ. Pl. Nouv. 3: 178 (1846)

= Galium decipiens var. depauperatum Rouy; Rev. Sci. Nat. (Montpellier), Sér. 3, 2: 564 (1883), nom. superfl.

= Galium divaricatum var. adscendens Tausch; 353 (1835)

= Galium divaricatum var. erectum Tausch; 353 (1835)

= Galium divaricatum var. tenellum (Jord.) Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 31: 277 (1884)

= Galium gracile var. echinospermum Wallr.; 177 (1840)

= Galium gracile var. leiospermum Wallr.; 177 (1840)

= Galium gracile var. parisiense (L.) Dumort.; Fl. Belg. [Dumortier] 56 (1827), nom. superfl.

= Galium gracile var. trachyspermum Wallr.; 177 (1840)

= Galium gracile Wallr.; Sched. Crit. 57 (1822), non C. Presl 1819

= Galium intricatulum Briq.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 11-12: 192 (1908)

= Galium intricatum Lowe; Man. Fl. Madeira 1: 398 (1868), nom. superfl.

= Galium litigiosum DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 4: 263 (1805)

= Galium litigiosum var. nanum DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 609 (1830)

= Galium microspermum Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 1: 130 (1798)

= Galium minutiflorum Brot.; Fl. Lusit. 1: 151 (1804)

= Galium parisiense proles decipiens Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 47 (1903)

= Galium parisiense f. decipiens (Fourr.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 47 (1903)

= Galium parisiense subsp. decipiens (Fourr.) Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 31: 53 (1884)

= Galium parisiense subsp. litigiosum (DC.) Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 438 (1828)

= Galium parisiense subsp. litigiosum (DC.) Gremli; Excursionsfl. Schweiz, Ed. 2: 219 (1874), isonym

= Galium parisiense subsp. tenellum (Jord.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 48 (1903)

= Galium parisiense subvar. litigiosum DC. ex Bég.; Fiori et al., Fl. Anal. Italia 3: 115 (1903)

= Galium parisiense var. asterolinoides Murr; 134 (1899)

= Galium parisiense var. decipiens (Fourr.) Batt.; Batt. & Trab., Fl. Algérie, Dicot. 400 (1890)

= Galium parisiense var. diffusum Moritzi; 87 (1832)

= Galium parisiense var. gracile (Wallr.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 46 (1903)

= Galium parisiense var. lasiocarpum Moris; Fl. Sardoa 2: 303 (1842)

= Galium parisiense var. lasiocarpum Reut.; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 324 (1868)

= Galium parisiense var. leucocarpum Wender.; 36 (1846)

= Galium parisiense var. litigiosum (DC.) Webb & Berthel.; Hist. Nat. Iles Canaries (Phytogr.) 3(2

= Galium parisiense var. parvifolium Moritzi; 87 (1832)

= Galium parisiense var. ruricola (Jord.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 47 (1903)

= Galium parisiense var. tenellum (Jord.) Briq. & Cavill.; Burnat, Fl. Alpes Marit. 5(2): 164 (1915)

= Galium parisiense var. vestitum Gren.; Fl. France [Grenier] 2: 42 (1850), nom. inval.

= Galium parisiense var. willkommianum Batt.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 33: 354 (1886)

= Galium parviflorum Moench; Methodus [Moench] 486 (1794)

= Galium perpusillum Gaterau; Descr. Pl. Montauban 43 (1789)

= Galium rubrum Pollich; Hist. Pl. Palat. 1: 155 (1776), nom. illeg.

= Galium ruricola Jord.; Mém. Acad. Sci. Lyon, Sect. Sci. 1: 81 (1852)

= Galium spurium All.; Auct. Syn. Meth. Stirp. Hort. Regii Taur. 5 (1773), nom. illeg.

= Galium tenellum Jord.; Observ. Pl. Nouv. 3: 180 (1846)

= Galium tenerum Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 128 (1805)

= Galium willkommianum Batt.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 33: 354 (1886), pro syn.

variant :

var. leiocarpum Tausch; Flora (Regensburg) 18: 354 (1835)

Distribution: quite frequent in most of the area of the species

Remarks: sometimes treated as bona sp. (G. anglicum)

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium anglicum Huds.; Fl. Angl., ed. 2: 69 (1778)

= Galium anglicum var. leiocarpum (Tausch) Tausch; Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 18: 354 (1860)

= Galium gracile var. anglicum (Huds.) Dumort.; Fl. Belg. [Dumortier] 56 (1827), nom. superfl.

= Galium parisiense subsp. anglicum (Huds.) Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 438 (1828)

= Galium parisiense subsp. anglicum (Huds.) Gremli; Excursionsfl. Schweiz, Ed. 2: 219 (1874), isonym

= Galium parisiense subsp. anglicum (Huds.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 47 (1903), isonym

= Galium parisiense var. anglicum (Huds.) Beck; Fl. Nieder-Österreich 2: 1122 (1893)

= Galium parisiense var. anglicum (Huds.) Garcke; 216 (1848)

= Galium parisiense var. anglicum (Huds.) Webb & Berthel.; Hist. Nat. Iles Canaries (Phytogr.) 3(2

= Galium parisiense var. nudum Gren.; Fl. France [Grenier] 2: 42 (1850), nom. superfl.

= Galium parisiense var. trichocarpum Tausch; 354 (1835), nom. inval.

= Galium scabrum Spreng.; Fl. Halens. 52 (1832), nom. illeg.

species :

Galium parvulum Hub.-Mor. ex Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37: 257 (1979)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Galium paschale Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 203 (1775)

Distribution: SE-Bulgaria; European Turkey; N-Greece (Nomos Evrou, Rodopi, Mt. Voras); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SSW-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia)

13 BUL GRC TUE 34 TUR

Remarks: sylvaticum agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Asperula longifolia Sm.; Sibth. & Sm., Fl. Graec. Prodr. 1: 87 (1806)

= Galium bulgaricum Velen.; Fl. Bulg. 231 (1891)

= Galium effusum Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 3: 35 (1843)

= Galium longifolium (Sm.) Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2: 157 (1844)

species :

Galium pastorale Krendl; Bot. Chronika 6-7: 139 (1986-1987 publ. 1988)

Distribution: East Aegaean Isl. (Samos)

34 EAI

species :

Galium peloponnesiacum Ehrend. & Krendl; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 68: 271 (1974)

Distribution: S-Greece (widespread Peloponnisos, also Lefkada, Kefalonia, Kithira); Crete (Lefka Ori, Mt. Dikti)

13 GRC KRI

Remarks: incurvum agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium taygeteum var. violaceum (Krendl) Greuter; Bocconea 25: 81 (2012)

= Galium violaceum Krendl; Bot. Chronika 6-7: 82 (1986-1987 publ. 1988)

species :

Galium penduliflorum Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 3: 46 (1843)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Galium pendulum Greenm.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 41: 249 (1905)

Distribution: Mexico (Hidalgo, Puebla, Veracruz)

79 MEX

species :

Galium penicillatum Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 1, 10: 68 (1849)

Distribution: Egypt (NE-Egypt); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai)

20 EGY 34 SIN TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium nigricans var. brachychaetum Boiss.; Fl. 3: 74 (1875)

species :

Galium pennellii Dempster; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 73: 31 (1978)

Distribution: Mexico (Hidalgo, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas)

79 MEX

species :

Galium peplidifolium Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 3: 46 (1843)

Distribution: Greece (Kiklades: Naxos, Milos, Ios, Amorgos); East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Samos); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia); Cyprus (C-Mountains); Lebanon (C-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria)

13 GRC 34 CYP EAI LEB SYR TUR

species :

Galium perralderii Coss.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 9: 172 (1862)

Distribution: Algeria

20 ALG

species :

Galium peruvianum Dempster & Ehrend.; Allertonia 2(8): 404 (1981)

Distribution: Peru

83 PER

species :

Galium pestalozzae Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 1, 10: 65 (1849)

Distribution: Lebanon (C-Lebanon)

34 LEB

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium grandiflorum Ehrenb. ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 3: 52 (1875)

species :

Galium petrae Oliv. ex Hart; Trans. Roy. Irish Acad. 28: 433 (1885)

Distribution: Palestine

34 PAL

species :

Galium philippianum Dempster; Allertonia 2: 266 (1980)

Distribution: Peru; Chile (Coquimbo, Valparaíso, Metropolitana de Santiago, O´Higgins)

83 PER 85 CLE

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium dasycarpon Kunze ex Walp.; Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 19(Suppl. 1): 357 (1843), nomen

species :

Galium philippinense Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci. 1: Suppl. 238 (1906)

Distribution: Philippines (Luzon)

42 PHI

species :

Galium philistaeum Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 1, 10: 71 (1849)

Distribution: Israel (coastal W-Israel, C-Israel)

34 ISR

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium philistaeum f. calvescens Feinbrun; Israel J. Bot. 25 (1-2): 81 (1976)

species :

Galium pierredmondii Blanca, Cueto, J.Fuentes & Ortega Oliv.; Phytotaxa 487(3): 255 (2021), nom. nov.

Distribution: S- & SC-Spain

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Asperula asperrima Boiss.; Elench. Pl. Nov. 56 (1838)

= Asperula asperrima var. eriocarpa (Boiss.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 334 (1879)

= Asperula asperrima var. hirsuta Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 281 (1840)

= Asperula eriocarpa Boiss.; Elench. Pl. Nov. 57 (1838)

species :

Galium pilosissimum (Cufod.) R.Bhattacharjee; Fl. Pl. India Annot. Checkl. 1: 657 (2020)

Distribution: India (Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu)

40 IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium asperifolium var. pilosissimum Cufod.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 89: 240 (1940)

species :

Galium pilosum Aiton; Hort. Kew. ed. I. 1: 145 (1789)

Name: Hairy bedstraw (EN)

Distribution: Canada (Ontario); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Michigan, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Vermont, West Virginia); Dominican Republic; Haiti

72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA 81 HIS

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium puncticulosum var. pilosum (Aiton) DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 601 (1830), nom. illeg.

variant :

var. puncticulosum (Michx.) Torr. & A.Gray; Fl. N. Amer. 2: 24 (1841)

Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, New Jersey, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia)

74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium punctatum Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 128 (1805)

= Galium puncticulosum Michx.; Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 80 (1803)

= Galium purpureum Walter; Fl. Carol. 87 (1788), nom. illeg.

= Galium walteri J.F.Gmel.; Syst. Nat., ed. 13[bis] 237 (1791)

species :

Galium pisiferum Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 1, 10: 67 (1849)

Distribution: Cyprus (E-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (NW-Syria); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel)

34 CYP ISR LEB SYR

species :

Galium pisoderium Krendl; Bot. Chronika 6-7: 65 (1986-1987 publ. 1988)

Distribution: Greece (mountains of NC-Greece south to Mt. Olimbos)

13 GRC

Remarks: possibly a synonym of G. speciosum

species :

Galium platygalium (Maxim.) Pobed.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 7: 277 (1970 publ. 1971)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Primorye); China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Shanxi); North Korea; South Korea

31 RFE 36 CHI 38 KOR NKO

Synonyms: hidden

= Asperula platygalium Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 3, 19: 284 (1874)

= Asperula platygalium var. alpina Kitag.; Neolin. Fl. Manshur. 585 (1979)

= Rubia gracilis Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 3: 111 (1867)

species :

Galium plumosum Rusby; Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 3(3): 49 (1893)

subspecies :

subsp. plumosum

Distribution: Peru; Bolivia (Cochabamba, La Paz)

83 BOL PER

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium cochabambense Rusby; Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 6: 52 (1896)

subspecies :

subsp. flossdorfii (Hicken) Dempster; Allertonia 2: 264 (1980)

Distribution: Argentina (Jujuy, La Rioja, Salta, Tucuman)

85 ARG

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium flossdorfii Hicken; Darwiniana 1: 36 (1922)

species :

Galium pobedimovae Balde; Turczaninowia 15(2): 34 (2012)

Distribution: Siberia (Tuva)

30 SIB

species :

Galium poiretianum Ball; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 484 (1878)

Distribution: Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya

20 ALG LBY MOR TUN

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium jolyi Batt.; Contr. Fl. Atl. 42 (1919)

= Rubia laevis Poir.; Voy. Barbarie 2: 111 (1789), non Galium laeve Thuill. (1799)

species :

Galium pojarkovae Pobed.; Fl. URSS 23: 715 (1958)

Distribution: Turkmenistan; Azerbaijan; Iran

32 TKM 33 AZE 34 IRN

species :

Galium polyacanthum (Baker) Puff; Pl. Syst. Evol. 140(1): 64 (1982)

Distribution: Madagascar

29 MDG

Synonyms: hidden

= Anthospermum polyacanthum Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 20: 171 (1884)

species :

Galium polyanthum I.Thomps.; Muelleria 27(1): 89 (2009)

Distribution: Australia (New South Wales, Australian Capital Territory, Victoria)

50 AUS

species :

Galium porrigens Dempster; Madroño 22: 313 (1974)

Name: Graceful bedstraw

Distribution: USA (California, Oregon); Mexico (Baja California Norte)

73 USA 76 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium nuttallii var. ovalifolium Dempster; Brittonia 10: 183 (1958)

= Galium nuttallii subsp. ovalifolium (Dempster) Dempster & Stebbins; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 46: 37 (1968)

variant :

var. tenue (Dempster) Dempster; Madroño 22: 313 (1974)

Distribution: USA (California, Oregon)

73 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium nuttallii subsp. tenue (Dempster) Dempster & Stebbins; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 46: 37 (1968)

= Galium nuttallii var. tenue Dempster; Brittonia 10: 185 (1958)

species :

Galium praemontanum Mardal.; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 70: 263 (1985)

Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]

33 GEO

species :

Galium praetermissum Greenm.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 32: 306 (1897)

Distribution: Mexico (Ciudad de Mexico, Guanajuato, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Puebla)

79 MEX

species :

Galium prattii Cufod.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 89: 244 (1940)

Distribution: China (Sichuan)

36 CHI

species :

Galium pringlei Greenm.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 33: 458 (1898)

Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León)

79 MEX

species :

Galium problematicum (Ehrend.) Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 174(3-4): 207 (1991)

Distribution: C-Iran

34 IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium subvelutinum subsp. problematicum Ehrend.; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 56: 235 (1949)

species :

Galium procurrens Ehrend.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 124: 1 (1975)

Distribution: Montenegro; Albania; Bulgaria; ?N-Greece

13 ALB BUL MNT

Remarks: sylvaticum agg.

species :

Galium productum Lowe; Trans. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 4: 29 (1831)

Distribution: Madeira (Madeira Isl.)

21 MDR

species :

Galium proliferum A.Gray; Pl. Wright. [A.Gray] 2: 67 (1853)

Name: Limestone bedstraw

Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, New Mexico, Nevada, Texas, Utah); Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosi, Sonora, Tamaulipas)

76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium proliferum var. subnudum Greenm.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 33: 461 (1898)

= Galium virgatum var. diffusum A.Gray; Smithsonian Contr. Knowl. 3(5): 80 (1852)

species :

Galium propinquum A.Cunn.; Ann. Nat. Hist. 2: 205 (1839)

Distribution: Australia (South Australia, New South Wales, Victoria); New Zealand (incl. Stewart Isl., Ruapuke Isl.); Chatham Isl.

50 AUS 51 CTM NZL

Synonyms: hidden

= Asperula fragrantissima Armstr.; Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 14: 359 (1882)

= Galium erythrocaulon Colenso; Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 16: 332 (1884)

= Galium propinquum var. elongatum Hook.f.; Fl. Nov.-Zel. 1: 113 (1852)

= Galium propinquum var. glabratum Hook.f.; Fl. Nov.-Zel. 1: 113 (1852)

= Galium propinquum var. hispidulum Hook.f.; Fl. Nov.-Zel. 1: 113 (1852)

= Galium umbrosum G.Forst. ex Hook.f.; Handb. N. Zeal. Fl. 1: 121 (1864), nom. illeg.

species :

Galium pruinosum Boiss.; Elenchus 57 (1838)

Distribution: SE-Spain

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Asperula glauca subsp. pruinosa (Boiss.) Cuatrec.; Treb. Mus. Ci. Nat. Barcelona, Sèr. Bot. 12: 432 (1929)

species :

Galium pseudoaristatum Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 282 (1866)

Distribution: Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Greece (mountains of N-Greece, south to Mt. Agrafa); Ukraine

13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC KOS NMA ROM SRB 14 UKR

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium aristatum subsp. papillosum Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 325 (1879)

= Galium aristatum var. scabrum Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2: 157 (1844)

= Galium asperuliflorum Borbás; Fl. Comit. Temesiensis 44 (1884)

= Galium heuffelii Borbás; Kozlem. Magyar Tudom. Akad. 12: 88 (1876)

= Galium heuffelii f. glabrum Urum.; Magyar Bot. Lapok 12: 218 (1913)

= Galium matteji (M.Bald.) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30(2): 456 (1930)

= Galium oligotrichum Simonk.; Enum. Fl. Transsilv. 285 (1886)

= Galium papillosum Heuff.; Flora (Regensburg) 40: 563 (1857), nom. superfl.

= Galium pseudoaristatum f. cernavskii Gajic; Sumarstvo 25(5-6): 24 (1972)

= Galium pseudoaristatum f. jovanovicii Gajic; Sumarstvo 25(5-6): 24 (1972)

= Galium pseudoaristatum var. angustifolium Gajic; Sumarstvo 25(5-6): 24 (1972)

= Galium pseudoaristatum var. heuffelii (Borbás) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30(2): 460 (1930)

= Galium pseudoaristatum var. scabrum (Griseb.) Hayek; Denkschr. Österr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 99: 94 (1924)

= Galium sylvaticum var. matteji M.Bald.; Malpighia 8: 180 (1894)

= Galium sylvaticum var. pseudoaristatum (Schur) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 326 (1879)

= Galium turcicum Velen.; Fl. Bulg. 231 (1891)

species :

Galium pseudoasprellum Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 17: 110 (1903)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Khabarovsk, Primorye); China (Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan); North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)

31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium asprellum var. fructohispidum Maxim.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 9: 140 (1859)

= Galium asprellum var. lasiocarpum Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 17: 76 (1903)

= Galium dahuricum var. lasiocarpum (Makino) Nakai; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 31: 498 (1911)

= Galium dahuricum var. manshuricum (Kitag.) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 54(4): 105 (1979)

= Galium manshuricum Kitag.; Rep. Inst. Sci. Research Manchoukuo 4: 90 (1940)

= Galium pseudoasprellum var. bingoense Murata & Ezuka; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 43(2): 149 (1992)

= Galium pseudoasprellum var. manshuricum (Kitag.) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 54(4): 105 (1979)

species :

Galium pseudocapitatum Hub.-Mor. ex Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.; Not. Roy. Bot. Gard. 37: 262, t. 3, f. c (1979)

Distribution: East Aegaean Isl. (Kastellorhizo Isl.); Turkey (SW-Anatolia)

34 EAI TUR

species :

Galium pseudohelveticum Ehrend.; Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Abt. 1, 169: 415 (1960)

Distribution: SE-France; NW-Italy (SW-Alps)

12 FRA 13 ITA

Remarks: helveticum agg.

species :

Galium pseudokurdicum (Ehrend.) Schönb.-Tem.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 127: 304 (1977)

Distribution: Iraq (NE-Iraq); S-Iran; W-Iran

34 IRN IRQ

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium subvelutinum subsp. pseudokurdicum Ehrend.; Rech.f., Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 56: 233 (1948)

species :

Galium pseudorivale Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 18: 255 (1981) [nom. nov.]

Distribution: S-European Russia; Lithuania; C-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Siberia (Altai); Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Armenia; ?Azerbaijan; N-Iran

14 KRY LIT RUS UKR 30 SIB 32 KGZ TZK UZB 33 ARM NCS 34 IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Asperula aparine M.Bieb.; Fl. Galic. 1: 114 (1808) non Galium aparine L.

= Galium rivale subsp. aparine (M.Bieb.) Mikheev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 77(10): 71 (1992)

= Galium uliginosum Pall. ex M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 102 (1808), nom. illeg.

species :

Galium pseudotriflorum Dempster & Ehrend.; Allertonia 2(8): 421 (1981)

Distribution: Costa Rica; Colombia (Cundinamarca, Magdalena); Venezuela (Merida); Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (La Paz)

80 COS 82 CLM VEN 83 BOL ECU PER

species :

Galium psilocladum Ehrend.; Fl. Iranica 176: 209 (2005)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); N-Iraq; W-Iran

34 IRN IRQ TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium kotschyanum Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 3: 51 (1875), pro syn.

species :

Galium pterocarpum Ehrend.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 389, f. 7c (1958)

Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Galium pulvinatum Boiss.; Elenchus 57 (1838)

Distribution: S-Spain (Sa. de las Nieves, Sa. Blanca)

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium erythrorrhizon var. pulvinatum (Boiss.) Cuatrec.; Treb. Mus. Ci. Nat. Barcelona, Sèr. Bot. 12: 436 (1929)

species :

Galium pumilio Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 4: 298 (1929)

Distribution: Ecuador; Peru

83 ECU PER

species :

Galium pumilum Murray; Prodr. Stirp. Gött. 44 (1770)

Name: Heide-Labkraut, Niedriges Labkraut (DE)

Distribution: England; Denmark; Sweden [I]; Finland [I]; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin [I], Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, +Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern [I], Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Serbia; Kosovo; Romania; Estonia; Lithuania; Ukraine

10 DEN fin GRB swe 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 FRA 13 CRO ITA KOS ROM SLV SRB 14 EST LIT UKR

Remarks: pusillum agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium anisophyllum var. falcatum Auersw. ex Wirtg.; 222 (1857)

= Galium argenteum Vill.; Prosp. Hist. Pl. Dauphiné [Villars] 20 (1779)

= Galium asperum f. nitidulum (Thuill.) Werner Christ.; Flora von Kiel [J. A. Christiansen et al.] 214 (1922)

= Galium asperum Schreb.; Spic. Fl. Lips. 3 (1771)

= Galium asperum subsp. argenteum (Vill.) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 876 (1938)

= Galium asperum subvar. commutatum (Jord.) Hayek; Hayek & Hegi, 218 (1914)

= Galium asperum subvar. laeve (Thuill.) Hayek; Hayek & Hegi, 218 (1914)

= Galium asperum subvar. nitidulum (Thuill.) Hayek; Hayek & Hegi, 218 (1914)

= Galium asperum subvar. scabrifolium (Rchb.) Hayek; Hayek & Hegi, 218 (1914)

= Galium asperum subvar. scabrum (Jacq.) Hayek; Hayek & Hegi, 218 (1914)

= Galium asperum var. montanum (Vill.) Hayek; Hayek & Hegi, 218 (1914)

= Galium asperum var. pubescens (Schrad.) Hayek; Hayek & Hegi, 217 (1914)

= Galium bicolor Schleich.; Cat. Pl. Helv., ed. 4: 17 (1821)

= Galium bocconei DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 594 (1830), nom. illeg., non All.

= Galium bocconei var. nitidulum (Thuill.) Duby; Bot. Gall., ed. 2, 1: 249 (1828)

= Galium caespitosum Ramond; Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 55 (1826)

= Galium chlorophyllum Baill. & Timb.-Lagr.; Mém. Acad. Sci. Toulouse, Sér. 5, 6: 235 (1862)

= Galium ciliatum Schrank; Prim. Fl. Salisb. 51 (1792), nom. illeg.

= Galium commune subsp. argenteum (Vill.) Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 49: 144 (1902)

= Galium commune subsp. umbellatum (Lam.) Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 49: 141 (1902)

= Galium commune subvar. asperum (Schreb.) Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 49: 142 (1902)

= Galium commune subvar. glabrum (Schreb.) Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 49: 142 (1902)

= Galium commune subvar. laeve (Thuill.) Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 49: 143 (1902)

= Galium commune subvar. nitidulum (Thuill.) Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 49: 143 (1902)

= Galium commune subvar. rubriflorum (Gillot) Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 49: 143 (1902)

= Galium commune var. chlorophyllum (Baill. & Timb.-Lagr.) Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 49: 143 (1902)

= Galium commune var. scabrifolium (Rchb.) Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 49: 143 (1902)

= Galium commune var. thuillieri Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 49: 143 (1902)

= Galium commutatum Jord.; Obs. Pl. Crit. 3: 149 (1846)

= Galium decipiens Roth; Enum. Pl. Phaen. Germ. 1(1): 478 (1827), nom. illeg.

= Galium decipiens var. scabrum Roth; Enum. Pl. Phaen. Germ. 1(1): 479 (1827)

= Galium elatum J.F.Gmel.; Syst. Nat., ed. 13[bis] 238 (1791), nom. illeg.

= Galium erectum Hoffm.; Deutschl. Fl. Bot. Taschenb. 3: 72 (1800), nom. illeg.

= Galium erectum var. scabridum DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 596 (1830), nom. superfl.

= Galium hirtellum (Gaudin) Dalla Torre & Sarnth.; Fl. Tirol 6(3): 381 (1912)

= Galium hispidum Schrad.; Spic. Fl. Germ. 14 (1794)

= Galium hoffmannii Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 658 (1840)

= Galium jussiaei Lapeyr.; Hist. Pl. Pyrénées 63 (1813)

= Galium laeve Thuill.; Fl. Env. Paris, ed. 2: 77 (1799)

= Galium lucidum var. scabrum (Roth) Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 1: 209 (1831)

= Galium multicaule Wallr.; Sched. Crit. 53 (1822)

= Galium nitidulum Thuill.; Fl. Env. Paris, ed. 2: 76 (1799)

= Galium obscurum Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 3: 86 (1852)

= Galium opacum Schur; Verh. Siebenb. Ver. Naturw. 3: 93 (1852)

= Galium podlachicum Besser; Prim. Fl. Galiciae Austriac. 2: 337 (1809)

= Galium pubescens Schleich. ex DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 596 (1830), pro syn.

= Galium pumilum subsp. asperum (Schreb.) Dostál; Kvetena CSR: 1379 (1949)

= Galium pumilum subsp. caespitosum (Ramond) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 37 (1903)

= Galium pumilum var. caespitosum (Ramond) Req. ex DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 595 (1830)

= Galium pumilum var. glabrum Roth; Enum. Pl. Phaen. Germ. 1(1): 481 (1827)

= Galium pumilum var. hirsutum Roth; Enum. Pl. Phaen. Germ. 1(1): 481 (1827)

= Galium pumilum var. laeve (Thuill.) Ronniger; Janch. & H. Neumayer, 286 (1942)

= Galium pumilum var. laxius Mert. & W.D.J.Koch; Deutschl. Fl. [Röhling] ed. 3, 1: 795 (1823)

= Galium pumilum var. nitidulum (Thuill.) Ronniger; Janch. & H. Neumayer, 286 (1942)

= Galium pumilum var. pubescens (Schrad.) Schinz & Thell.; Schinz & Keller, Fl. Schweiz, ed. 3, 2: 372 (1914), nom. illeg.

= Galium pumilum var. scabrifolium (Rchb.) Braun-Blanq.; 289 (1933)

= Galium pusillum Sm.; Engl. Bot. 2: t. 74 (1793), nom. illeg.

= Galium pusillum subsp. argenteum (Vill.) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France 141 (1894)

= Galium pusillum var. glabrum (Schrad.) W.D.J.Koch & Ziz; 5 (1814)

= Galium pusillum var. hirsutum Wallr.; 22 (1815)

= Galium pusillum var. hirtum (Wender.) Jess.; Deut. Excursions-Fl. 85 (1879)

= Galium pusillum var. hispidum (Schrad.) W.D.J.Koch & Ziz; 5 (1814)

= Galium pusillum var. pubescens (Schrad.) W.D.J.Koch & Ziz; 5 (1814)

= Galium pusillum var. sylvestre Wahlenb.; Fl. Suecica 1: 89 (1824)

= Galium scabridum Willk.; Flora (Regensburg) 35: 541 (1852), nom. illeg.

= Galium scabrum Jacq.; Fl. Austriac. [Jacquin] 5: 10 (1778), nom. illeg.

= Galium scabrum subsp. nitidulum (Thuill.) Oborny; Fl. Mähren 3: 737 (1885)

= Galium silvivagum Baill. & Timb.-Lagr.; Mém. Acad. Sci. Toulouse, Sér. 5, 6: 239 (1862)

= Galium supinum Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 3: 379 (1779)

= Galium supinum var. pubescens Tinant; Fl. Luxemb. 90 (1836)

= Galium sylvestre f. hirtum (Mert. & W.D.J.Koch) Prahl; Krit. Fl. Schlesw.-Holst. 2: 115 (1890)

= Galium sylvestre Pollich; Hist. Pl. Palat. 1: 151 (1776), nom. superfl.

= Galium sylvestre subsp. commutatum (Jord.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 327 (1879)

= Galium sylvestre subsp. nitidulum (Thuill.) Bonnier; Bonnier & R. C. V. Douin, 39 (1922)

= Galium sylvestre subsp. supinum (Lam.) Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 431 (1828)

= Galium sylvestre subsp. virens Moritzi; 89 (1832)

= Galium sylvestre var. alpinum Rchb.; XX (1833)

= Galium sylvestre var. argenteum (Vill.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 327 (1879)

= Galium sylvestre var. asperum (Schreb.) Bolzon; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 21: 202 (1914)

= Galium sylvestre var. chlorophyllum (Baill. & Timb.-Lagr.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 327 (1879)

= Galium sylvestre var. glabrum Schreb.; Spic. Fl. Lips. 121 (1771)

= Galium sylvestre var. hirsutum Wirtg.; 86 (1842)

= Galium sylvestre var. hirtellum Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 429 (1828)

= Galium sylvestre var. hirtum Mert. & W.D.J.Koch; Deutschl. Fl. [Röhling] ed. 1: 701 (1823)

= Galium sylvestre var. hispidum Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 209 (1831)

= Galium sylvestre var. laeve Coss. & Germ.; Fl. Descr. Anal. Paris, éd. 2: 446 (1861)

= Galium sylvestre var. montanum Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 327 (1879)

= Galium sylvestre var. nitidulum (Thuill.) Crép.; Man. Fl. Belgique, ed. 2: 196 (1866), isonym

= Galium sylvestre var. nitidulum (Thuill.) Syme; 220 (1865)

= Galium sylvestre var. pubescens Schrad.; Spic. Fl. Germ. 13 (1794)

= Galium sylvestre var. pubescens Schreb.; Spic. Fl. Lips. 13 (1771)

= Galium sylvestre var. pumilum Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. 1: 127 (1827)

= Galium sylvestre var. rubriflorum Gillot; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 41: 30 (1894)

= Galium sylvestre var. scabrifolium Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 209 (1831)

= Galium sylvestre var. scabrum (Roth) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 327 (1879)

= Galium sylvestre var. silvivagum (Baill. & Timb.-Lagr.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 327 (1879)

= Galium sylvestre var. supinum (Lam.) Mert. & W.D.J.Koch; 792 (1823)

= Galium sylvestre var. vulgare Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. 1: 126 (1827), nom. inval. Galium commune var. vulgare Rouy, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 49: 142 (1902), nom. inval.

= Galium tenue subsp. jussiaei (Lapeyr.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 326 (1879)

= Galium tenue var. jussiaei (Lapeyr.) Gren.; Fl. France [Grenier] 2: 36 (1850)

= Galium umbellatum Lam.; Encycl. 2: 579 (1788)

= Galium umbellatum subvar. asperum (Schreb.) Rouy; Bull. Assoc. Franç. Bot. 5: 141 (1902)

= Galium umbellatum subvar. glabrum (Schreb.) Rouy; Bull. Assoc. Franç. Bot. 5: 141 (1902)

= Galium umbellatum subvar. laeve (Thuill.) Rouy; Bull. Assoc. Franç. Bot. 5: 142 (1902)

= Galium umbellatum subvar. nitidulum (Thuill.) Rouy; Bull. Assoc. Franç. Bot. 5: 142 (1902)

= Galium umbellatum subvar. rubriflorum (Gillot) Rouy; Bull. Assoc. Franç. Bot. 5: 141 (1902)

= Galium umbellatum var. chlorophyllum (Baill. & Timb.-Lagr.) Rouy; Bull. Assoc. Franç. Bot. 5: 142 (1902)

= Galium umbellatum var. scabrifolium (Rchb.) Rouy; Bull. Assoc. Franç. Bot. 5: 142 (1902)

= Galium vestianum Schult. & Schult.f.; Mant. 3 [Schultes & Schultes f.] : 164 (1827)

species :

Galium pusillosetosum H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 51: 134, fig. 2 (1976)

Distribution: China (Nei Mongol, Shanxi, Ningxia, Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Sichuan); Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Uttarakhand)

36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP

species :

Galium pusillum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 106 (1753)

Distribution: Germany [I]; NE-Spain; Andorra; SE-France; NW-Italy

11 ger 12 ADO FRA SPA 13 ITA

Remarks: pusillum agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium hypnoides Vill.; Hist. Pl. Dauphiné [Villars] 2: 323 (1787)

= Galium jussiei Vill.; Prosp. Hist. Pl. Dauphiné [Villars] 20 (1779)

= Galium lucidum var. pubescens (Req. ex Guérin) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2: 152 (1889)

= Galium pubescens Req. ex Guérin; Descr. Fontaine Vaucluse, ed. 2: 249 (1813)

= Galium pumilum proles hypnoides (Vill.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 37 (1903)

= Galium pumilum proles jussiaei (Vill.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 36 (1903)

= Galium pumilum f. hypnoides (Vill.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 37 (1903)

= Galium pumilum f. jussiei (Vill.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 36 (1903)

= Galium pumilum Lam.; Encycl. 2: 580 (1788), nom. illeg.

= Galium pumilum subsp. hypnoides (DC.) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 873 (1938)

= Galium pumilum subsp. pusillum (L.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 37 (1903)

= Galium pumilum var. hirtellum Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 433 (1828), nom. superfl.

= Galium pumilum var. hirtum Mert. & W.D.J.Koch; Deutschl. Fl. [Röhling] ed. 3, 1: 795 (1823)

= Galium pumilum var. hypnoides (Vill.) DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 595 (1830)

= Galium pumilum var. majus Mert. & W.D.J.Koch; Deutschl. Fl. [Röhling] ed. 3, 1: 795 (1823)

= Galium pumilum var. pubescens (Req. ex Guérin) DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 6: 496 (1815)

= Galium pumilum var. rectum Req. ex DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 595 (1830)

= Galium pusillum subsp. hypnoides (DC.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. 313 (1882)

= Galium pusillum subsp. hypnoides (Vill.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 14: 100 (1983)

= Galium pusillum var. hypnoides (Vill.) Gren.; Fl. France [Grenier] 2: 36 (1850)

= Galium tenue var. hypnoides (Vill.) Cariot & St.-Lag.; Étude Fl., éd. 8 [A. Cariot], 2: 394 (1889)

= Galium tenue var. jussiaei (Vill.) St.-Lag.; Étude Fl., éd. 8 [A. Cariot], 2: 394 (1889)

= Galium trichophyllum All.; Auct. Syn. Meth. Stirp. Hort. Regii Taur. 1 (1773)

species :

Galium pyrenaicum Gouan; Obs. Bot. 5 (1773)

Distribution: SE- & N-Spain; Andorra; SW-France

12 ADO FRA SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium muscoides Lam.; Encycl. 2: 580 (1788)

= Galium pumilum subsp. pyrenaicum (Gouan) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 38 (1903)

= Galium pumilum subsp. pyrenaicum P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 873 (1938)

= Galium sadleri Friv. ex Hampe; Flora (Regensburg) 20: 225 (1837)

species :

Galium qaradaghense Schönb.-Tem.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 127: 303 (1977)

Distribution: Iraq (NE-Iraq)

34 IRQ

species :

Galium quichense Dempster; Phytologia 26: 12 (1973)

Distribution: Guatemala

80 GUA

species :

Galium radulifolium Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37: 251 (1979)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Galium ramboi Dempster; Allertonia 5: 328 (1990)

Distribution: S-Brazil (Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul)

84 BRA

species :

Galium rebae R.R.Mill; Edinburgh J. Bot. 53(2): 195 (1996)

Distribution: China (Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Sikkim, Chumbi)

36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP

species :

Galium reiseri Halácsy; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 45., 338 (1895)

Distribution: C-Greece (Sporades, Skiros)

13 GRC

species :

Galium rhodopeum Velen.; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. Prag, Math.-Naturwiss. Cl., 1893(37): 32 (1893)

Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; Bulgaria; NE-Greece (incl. Thasos); Turkey

13 BUL GRC KOS SRB 34 TUR

Remarks: incurvum agg.

species :

Galium richardianum (Hook. & Arn.) Endl. ex Walp.; Rep. Bot. Syst. 2: 459 (1843)

subspecies :

subsp. richardianum

Distribution: Peru; S-Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Caaguazu); Uruguay (Colonia, Montevideo); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Chubut, Cordoba, Corrientes, Argentina Distrito Federal, Entre Rios, Jujuy, Mendoza, Misiones, Neuquén, Rio Negro, Salta, Santa Cruz, Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, San Juan, Tierra del Fuego, Tucuman)

83 PER 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium chaetophorum Griseb.; Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 19: 160 (1874)

= Galium chaetophorum var. prostratum Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 119 (1898)

= Galium chaetophorum var. strictum Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3: 119 (1898)

= Galium ciliatum var. richardianum (Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 119 (1898)

= Galium patagonicum Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 120 (1898)

= Relbunium chaetophorum (Griseb.) K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6). 114 (1889)

= Relbunium echinocarpum Hassl.; Bull. Herb. Boiss. II 7: 365 (1907)

= Relbunium patagonicum (Kuntze) K.Schum.; Bot. Jahresber. [Just] 26: 393 (1900)

= Relbunium richardianum (Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.) Hicken; Physis (Buenos Aires) 2: 117 (1916)

= Relbunium richardianum subsp. patagonicum (Kuntze) Ehrend.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 76: 531 (1955)

= Relbunium tenuissimum K.Krause; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 40: 350 (1908)

= Rubia richardiana Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.; Hook. Bot. Misc. 3: 363 (1833)

subspecies :

subsp. haenkeanum (Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.) Dempster; Allertonia 3: 122 (1982)

Distribution: Argentina (Mendoza)

85 ARG

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium haenkeanum (Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.) Endl. ex Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. 2: 459 (1843)

= Rubia haenkeana Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.; Bot. Misc. 3: 363 (1833)

subspecies :

subsp. pusillum (Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.) Dempster; Allertonia 5: 325 (1990)

Distribution: Bolivia (Chuquisaca, Tarija); Argentina (Catamarca, Cordoba, Jujuy, La Rioja, Mendoza, Salta, San Luis, Tucuman)

83 BOL 85 ARG

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium ciliatum var. pusillum (Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 119 (1898)

= Galium pusillum (Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.) Endl. ex Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. 2: 459 (1843), nom. illeg.

= Relbunium pusillum (Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.) K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 117 (1888)

= Relbunium richardianum subsp. pusillum (Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.) Ehrend.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 76: 531 (1955)

= Rubia pusilla Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.; Hook. Bot. Misc. 3: 363 (1833)

species :

Galium rivale (Sibth. & Sm.) Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2: 156 (1844)

Name: Bach-Labkraut (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Croatia; Serbia; Kosovo; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (rare and local N- & C-Greece, W-Sporades); Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; W-European Russia; Ukraine; Siberia (W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; Georgia [Caucasus]; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Ikaria, Samos); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria); Israel (Rift Valley); Jordania (W-Jordania)

11 AUT CZE ger HUN POL SLO 13 ALB BUL CRO GRC KOS ROM SRB TUE 14 BLR EST LAT LIT RUS UKR 30 SIB 32 KAZ 33 GEO 34 EAI ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Asperula rivalis Sm.; Sibth. & Sm., Prodr. Fl. Graec. 1: 87 (1806)

= Asperula rivalis var. schelkownikowianum Bordz.; Visn. Kyyivs´koho Bot. Sadu 12-13: 140 (1931)

= Galium chinense A.Spreng.; K. Spreng., Syst. Veg., Tent. Suppl. 7 (1828)

= Galium schelkownikowianum (Bordz.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 8: 176 (1973)

species :

Galium roddii Ehrend. & McGill.; Telopea 2(4): 371 (1983)

Distribution: Australia (New South Wales)

50 AUS

species :

Galium rosellum (Boiss.) Boiss. & Reut.; Pugill. Pl. Afr. Bor. Hispan. 52 (1852)

Distribution: SE-Spain

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium sylvestre var. rosellum Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 570 (1842)

species :

Galium rotundifolium L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 108 (1753)

Name: Rundblättriges Labkraut (DE)

Distribution: Denmark [I]; Norway [I]; Sweden; Netherlands [I]; Germany (Brandenburg, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen [I], Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland [I], Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; San Marino [I]; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (mountains of mainland, Thasos, Samothraki, Lefkada, Kefalonia, Andros); Crete (rare W- & C-Crete); +Lithuania; Ukraine; Algeria; Cape Verde Isl. [I] (Fogo Isl. [I]); Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo] [I]; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Azerbaijan (Talysh); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iran (N-Iran, W-Iran); Nepal; N-India; Bangladesh; Myanmar (Chin, Shan); Vietnam

10 den nor SWE 11 AUT CZE GER HUN LIE net POL SLO SWI 12 ADO COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV sma SRB TUE 14 LIT UKR 20 ALG 21 cvi 23 bio 33 AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR 40 BAN IND NEP 41 MYA VIE

Synonyms: hidden

= Asperula laevigata var. rotundifolia (L.) J.F.Gmel.; Syst. Nat., ed. 13[bis] 2: 235 (1791)

= Galium decipiens Ehrh.; Beitr. Naturk. 5: 177 (1790), nom. superfl.

= Galium linckii J.F.Gmel.; Syst. Nat., ed. 13[bis] 240 (1791)

= Galium rotundifolium f. glabratum Bolzon; Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1904: 31 (1904)

= Galium rotundifolium subsp. hirsutum (Ten.) Brullo, Scelsi & Spamp.; Veg. Aspromonte 50 (2001)

= Galium rotundifolium var. batallae O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 14: 100 (1983)

= Galium rotundifolium var. decipiens Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 324 (1879)

= Galium rotundifolium var. hirsutum Ten.

= Galium rotundifolium var. lanceolatum Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 283 (1891)

= Trichogalium rotundifolium (L.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n. s. 16: 396 (1868)

species :

Galium rourkei Puff; J. S. African Bot. 49(3): 185 (1983)

Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

species :

Galium rubidiflorum Dempster; Allertonia 5: 302 (1990)

Distribution: S-Brazil (Paraná)

84 BRA

species :

Galium rubioides L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 105 (1753)

Name: Krapp-Labkraut (DE), European bedstraw (EN)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Switzerland [I]; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Slovenia; Croatia; Serbia; Kosovo; Bulgaria; Estonia [I]; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; W-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, W-Siberia); Russian Far East (Amur, Primorye); Kazakhstan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; ?Azerbaijan; Turkey; China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Henan, Xinjiang); USA [I] (Pennsylvania [I])

11 AUT CZE ger HUN POL SLO swi 13 BUL CRO KOS SLV SRB 14 BLR est KRY LAT LIT RUS UKR 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ 33 ARM GEO NCS 34 TUR 36 CHI 75 usa

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium articulatum Lam.; Tabl. Encycl. 1: 260 (1792)

= Galium articulatum var. pygmaeum (DC.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 331 (1879)

= Galium boreale subsp. exoletum (Klokov) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 150: 132, 138 (1981 publ. 1982)

= Galium boreale subsp. mugodsharicum (Pobed.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 150: 138 (1981 publ. 1982)

= Galium boreale var. rubioides (L.) Celak.; Prodr. Fl. Böhm. 2: 281 (1871-72)

= Galium dasypodum Klokov; Fl. URSR 10: 461 (1961)

= Galium exoletum Klokov; Fl. URSR 10: 458 (1961)

= Galium geniculatum Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg. ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 215 (1818)

= Galium mugodsharicum Pobed.; Fl. URSS 23: 717 (1958)

= Galium nervosum var. rubioides (L.) Lam.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 6 (Suppl.): 498 (1815)

= Galium physocarpum Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 2: 410 (1844)

= Galium praeboreale Klokov; Fl. URSR 10: 459 (1961)

= Galium pygmaeum DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 606 (1830)

= Galium rubioides subsp. dasypodum (Klokov) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 32: 185 (2000)

= Galium rubioides var. articulatum (Lam.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 323 (1879)

= Galium rubioides var. dasycarpum Regel & Herder; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 40(1): 9 (1867)

= Galium rubioides var. eriophyllum Bordz.; Izv. Kievsk. Bot. Sada 12-13: 36 (1931)

= Galium ruboides Hill; Veg. Syst. 7: 21 (1764), nom. inval.

= Galium salicifolium Klokov; Fl. URSR 10: 462 (1961)

= Galium verticillatum var. leiocarpum Regel & Herder; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 40(1): 11 (1867)

= Galium volgense Pobed.; Fl. URSS 23: 715 (1958)

species :

Galium rubrocarpum S.S.Ying; New Taxa New Names 7: 197 (2024)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Galium rubrum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 107 (1753)

Name: Rotes Labkraut (DE)

Distribution: Switzerland; N- & C-Italy; Croatia

11 SWI 13 CRO ITA

Remarks: rubrum agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium hirtum Hegetschw.; Fl. Schweiz 125 (1838), nom. illeg.

= Galium leyboldii A.Kern.; Sched. Fl. Exs. Austro-Hung. 6: 80 (1893)

= Galium morisii Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 4(2, Cur. Post.): 338 (1827)

= Galium purpureum DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 4: 251 (1805), nom. illeg.

= Galium rubrum var. albidum Döll; 450 (1843)

= Galium rubrum var. grenieri Briq.; Rech. Pl. Mont. Corse 92 (1901)

= Galium rubrum var. hirtum Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 329 (1879)

= Galium rubrum var. leyboldii (A.Kern.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 29 (1903)

= Galium rubrum var. parviflorum Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 422 (1828)

= Galium rubrum var. transiens Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 28 (1903)

species :

Galium runcinatum Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37: 263, t. 3, f. E (1979)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium longiapiculatum Hausskn. ex Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 58(2): 296 (1938), pro syn.

species :

Galium rupifragum Ehrend.; Novon 20(3): 273 (2010)

Distribution: China (Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Galium ruthenicum Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 1: 597 (1798)

Distribution: Romania; Bulgaria; Lithuania [I]; European Russia; Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan); Lebanon; China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Hebei, Shanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Zhejiang, Henan, Sichuan); Tibet; North Korea; South Korea; Japan

13 BUL ROM 14 lit RUS 32 KAZ KGZ 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN LEB TUR 36 CHI TIB 38 JAP KOR NKO

Remarks: status uncertain, often included in G. verum s. l.

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium atropatanum Grossh.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 13: 26 (1950)

= Galium vernum var. ruthenicum (Willd.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 328 (1879)

= Galium verum f. ruthenicum (Willd.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 13 (1903)

= Galium verum f. trachycarpum (DC.) Regel; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 4(4): 77 (1861)

= Galium verum subsp. ruthenicum (Willd.) Bonnier; Fl. Ill. France 5: 35 (1922), isonym

= Galium verum subsp. ruthenicum (Willd.) H.Lindb.; Enum. Pl. Fennoscandia 54 (1901)

= Galium verum var. lasiocarpum Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 2: 415 (1844)

= Galium verum var. leiocarpum Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 2: 414 (1844)

= Galium verum var. ruthenicum (Willd.) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 34: 50 (1920)

= Galium verum var. trachycarpum DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 603 (1830)

species :

Galium ruwenzoriense (Cortesi) Ehrend.; Symb. Bot. Upsal. 15: 179 (1957)

Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania

23 RWA ZAI 25 KEN TAN UGA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium afroalpinum Bullock; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1932: 498 (1932)

= Galium mildbraedii K.Krause; G. W. J. Mildbr. (ed.), Wiss. Erg. Deut. Zentr.-Afr. Exped., Bot. 2: 342 (1911)

= Galium serratohamatum S.Moore; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 38: 256 (1908)

= Rubia ruwenzoriensis Cortesi; Ann. Bot. (Rome) 6: 152 (1907)

species :

Galium rzedowskii Dempster; Bol. Soc. Bot. México 35: 13 (1975)

Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosi)

79 MEX

species :

Galium saipalense Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 155 (1-4): 82 (1987)

Distribution: Nepal

40 NEP

species :

Galium salsugineum Krylov & Serg.; Trav. Inst. Sci. Biol. Tomsk 2: 65 (1936)

Distribution: Siberia (W-Siberia)

30 SIB

species :

Galium salwinense Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7: 1028 (1936)

Distribution: China (Sichuan, Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Galium samothracicum Rech.f.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 100: 134 (1938)

Distribution: NE-Greece (Samothraki); ?Crete

13 GRC

Remarks: provisionally accepted name, of uncertain status, related to G. citraceum and G. heldreichii

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium insulare Krendl; Bot. Chronika 6-7: 56 (1986-1987 publ. 1988)

species :

Galium samuelssonii Ehrend.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 387 (1958)

Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia); Lebanon (C-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, NW-Syria); Israel (N-Israel); Jordania (W-Jordania)

34 ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR

variant :

var. pseudadhaerens Ehrend.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 38 (1958)

Distribution: Turkey; Lebanon; Syria

34 LEB SYR TUR

species :

Galium sancakense Yild. & Kiliç; Ot Sist. Bot. Derg. 25(2): 36 (2018)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Galium saturejifolium Trevis.; Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Mag. 7: 146 (1815)

Distribution: S-European Russia; Northern Caucasus

14 RUS 33 NCS

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium elongatum var. saturejifolium (Trevir.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 328 (1879)

species :

Galium saurense Litv.; Trudy Bot. Muz. Imp. Akad. Nauk 7: 75 (1910)

Distribution: Siberia (Altai); Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; China (Qinghai, Xinjiang)

30 SIB 32 KAZ KGZ TZK 36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium densiflorum var. rosmarinifolium (Bunge) Tzvelev; Arktichesk. Fl. URSS 10: 18 (1987)

= Galium densiflorum var. saurense (Litv.) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 23: 158 (1986)

= Galium verum var. alpinum Krylov ex Serg.; Trudy Biol. Nauchno-Issl. Inst. Tomsk. Gosud. Univ. 2: 68 (1936)

= Galium verum var. rosmarinifolium Bunge; C. F. von Ledebour, Fl. Altaic. 1: 138 (1829)

species :

Galium saxatile L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 106 (1753)

Name: Harzer Labkraut, Sand-Labkraut (DE), Heath bedstraw (EN)

Distribution: Faeroe Isl.; England; Ireland; Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland [I]; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Portugal; Spain; France; Channel Isl.; Slovenia; Croatia; Lithuania; Ukraine; Azores (Faial); Canada [I] (Newfoundland [I], Québec [I]); St. Pierre et Miquelon [I]; USA [I] (California [I], Oregon [I]); Argentina [I] (Tierra del Fuego [I]); Falkland Isl. [I]

10 DEN fin FOR GRB IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 CIS FRA POR SPA 13 CRO SLV 14 LIT UKR 21 AZO 72 cdn spm 73 usa 76 usa 85 arg 91 fal

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium helveticum Weigel; Observ. Bot. 24 (1772), nom. illeg.

= Galium hercynicum var. arvernense Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 41 (1903)

= Galium hercynicum var. riparium Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 41 (1903)

= Galium hercynicum var. transiens Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 41 (1903)

= Galium hercynicum Weigel; Observ. Bot. 25 (1772)

= Galium humifusum Pers.; Schaub, 235 (1799), nom. illeg.

= Galium moenchianum Wender.; 35 (1846)

= Galium montanum Huds.; Fl. Angl. 56 (1762), nom. illeg.

= Galium montium J.F.Gmel.; Syst. Nat., ed. 13[bis] 237 (1791), sphalm.

= Galium ovatum Moench; Methodus [Moench] 485 (1794), nom. illeg.

= Galium pawlowskii Kucowa; Fragm. Florist. Geobot. 8: 433 (1962), et in Fragm. Florist. &Geobot., Krakow 9: 469 (1963), descr. emend.

= Galium procumbens Stokes; W. Withering, Bot. Arr. Brit. Pl. ed. 2, 1: 151 (1787)

= Galium pulchellum Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 58 (1796), nom. superfl.

= Galium pumilum subsp. saxatile (L.) Dostál; Kvetena CSR: 1380 (1949), nom. illeg.

= Galium riparium Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 41 (1903)

= Galium saxatile var. hercynicum (Weigel) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 327 (1879)

= Galium saxatile var. lineare Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 484 (1821 publ. 1822)

= Galium saxatile var. pawlowskii (Kucowa) Mirek & Piek.-Mirk.; Acta Soc. Bot. Poloniae 53: 420 (1984), no precise basionym ref.

= Galium tenuicaule Krock.; Fl. Siles., Suppl. 1: 214 (1823)

variant :

var. vivianum (Kliphuis) Ortega Oliv. & Devesa; Acta Bot. Malac. 28: 206 (2003)

Distribution: C- & N-Portugal; NW- & C-Spain

12 POR SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium hercynicum subsp. vivianum Kliphuis; Bot. Not. 125(4): 491 (1972)

= Galium saxatile subsp. vivianum (Kliphuis) Ehrend.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 124(2): 176 (1975)

= Galium vivianum (Kliphuis) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 9(3): 273 (1974)

species :

Galium saxosum (Chaix) Breistr.; Procos. Verb. Mens. Soc. Dauph. Ethnol. Archdol. 24(182-184): Séance 25 fév. 1948 (sine pag.) (1948)

Distribution: SE-France; NW-Italy

12 FRA 13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Asperula saxosa Chaix; Vill. Hist. Pl. Dauphiné [Villars] 1: 361 (1786)

= Galium villarsii Req. ex DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 6: 497 (1815), non Gaudin

species :

Galium scabrelloides Puff; J. S. African Bot. 44(3): 250 (1978)

Distribution: South Africa (Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Eswatini [Swaziland]

27 SAF SWZ

species :

Galium scabrellum K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 28: 113 (1899)

Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; Uganda; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe

23 BUR RWA ZAI 25 TAN UGA 26 MLW ZAM ZIM

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium bequaertii De Wild.; Rev. Zool. Afr. 9: Suppl. Bot. 12 (1921)

species :

Galium scabrifolium (Boiss.) Hausskn.; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Vereins N. F. 5: 120 (1893)

Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; Bulgaria; Turkey (S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia)

13 BUL KOS SRB 34 TUR

Remarks: incurvum agg.; probably a synonym of G. asparagifolium fide Strid 2024

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium aureum var. scabrifolium (Boiss.) Boiss.; Fl. 3: 61 (1875) (p. p. quoad pl. Tauri Cilicici.)

= Galium melanantherum var. scabrifolium Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 1, 6: 68 (1846) (p. p. excl. pl. Cadmi.)

species :

Galium scabrum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 108 (1753)

Name: Raues Labkraut (DE); Raspilla de sombra (ES)

Distribution: Spain; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Madeira (Madeira Isl.); Canary Isl. (Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma Isl.); Cape Verde Isl. (Santo Antao Isl., Ilha de Sao Nicolau)

12 COR SAR SPA 13 ITA SIC 20 ALG MOR TUN 21 CNY CVI MDR

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium barrelieri Salzm.; Flora (Regensburg) 4: 107 (1821)

= Galium ellipticum f. ovalifolium (Schott) Pau; Exsicc. (Iter Marocc.) 1928: no. 381 (1928)

= Galium ellipticum var. glaberrimum Bornm.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 33: 476 (1902)

= Galium ellipticum var. glabrescens Bornm.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 33: 476 (1902)

= Galium ellipticum var. gredensis Rivas Mateos; Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 24: 386 (1924)

= Galium ellipticum var. villosum (Webb & Berthel.) Pit. & Proust; Iles Canaries [Pitard & Proust] 211 (1909)

= Galium ellipticum Willd. ex Hornem.; Hort. Bot. Hafn., Suppl. 17 (1819)

= Galium hirsutum Nees; Horae Phys. Berol. 113 (1820), nom. superfl.

= Galium neesianum Req. ex DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 600 (1830)

= Galium ovalifolium A.Schott ex Schult.; Roem. & Schult., Mant. 3: 182 (1827)

= Galium rotundifolium subsp. ellipticum (Willd. ex Hornem.) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France 139 (1894)

= Galium rotundifolium subsp. ovalifolium (A.Schott ex Schult.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 9 (1903)

= Galium rotundifolium var. macrotrichum Maire; Jahand. et al., Cat. Pl. Maroc 4: 1134 (1941)

= Galium rotundifolium var. ovalifolium (Schott) Pau; Mem. Mus. Ci. Nat. Barcelona, Ser. Bot. 1(1): 46 (1922)

= Galium rotundifolium var. villosum Webb & Berthel.; Hist. Nat. Iles Canaries (Phytogr.) 3(2

species :

Galium schlumbergeri Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 3: 51 (1875)

Distribution: Syria

34 SYR

species :

Galium schmidii Arrigoni; Webbia 27: 507 (1972)

Distribution: Sicily (Mt. Etna)

13 SIC

Remarks: Status uncertain, lucidum agg., near Galium aetnicum

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium mollugo var. latifolium Em.Schmid; Mitt. Bot. Mus. Univ. Zürich 146: 253 (1933), nom. illeg.

species :

Galium schoenbeck-temesyae Ehrend.; Fl. Iranica 176: 217 (2005)

Distribution: S-Iran

34 IRN

species :

Galium scioanum Chiov.; Ann. Bot. (Rome) 9: 322 (1911)

Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Ethiopia; Kenya; Tanzania

23 ZAI 24 ETH 25 KEN TAN

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium homblei De Wild.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 140 (1914)

variant :

var. glabrum Brenan; Kew Bull. 5: 372 (1951)

Distribution: Cameroon; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Ethiopia; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia

23 CMN ZAI 24 ETH 25 KEN TAN 26 ANG ZAM

variant :

var. latum (De Wild.) Verdc.; Kew Bull. 30: 326 (1975)

Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Ethiopia; Tanzania; Zambia

23 ZAI 24 ETH 25 TAN 26 ZAM

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium latum De Wild.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 140 (1914)

species :

Galium scopulorum Schönb.-Tem.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37: 252 (1979)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, S-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Galium seatonii Greenm.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 33: 460 (1898)

Distribution: Mexico (Ciudad de Mexico, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Puebla, Tlaxcala, Veracruz)

79 MEX

species :

Galium sellowianum (Cham.) Walp.; Rep. 2: 459 (1843)

Distribution: SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Paraná, Santa Catarina)

84 BRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium sellowianum subsp. pubiflorum (K.Schum.) Dempster; Allertonia 5: 327 (1990)

= Relbunium hirtum f. pubiflora K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 109 (1889)

= Relbunium paulense Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 8: 397 (1931)

= Relbunium sellowianum (Cham.) K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 115 (1889)

= Rubia sellowiana Cham.; Linnaea 9: 214 (1834)

species :

Galium semiamictum Klokov; Fl. URSR 10: 469 (1961)

Distribution: S-European Russia; Ukraine

14 RUS UKR

species :

Galium serpenticum Dempster; Brittonia 11: 120 (1959)

subspecies :

subsp. serpenticum

Name: Intermountain bedstraw

Distribution: USA (Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Washington State)

73 USA 76 USA

subspecies :

subsp. dayense Dempster & Ehrend.; Brittonia 17: 330 (1965)

Name: Day´s bedstraw

Distribution: USA (Oregon, Washington State)

73 USA

subspecies :

subsp. malheurense Dempster & Ehrend.; Brittonia 17: 326 (1965)

Name: Malheur bedstraw

Distribution: USA (Oregon)

73 USA

subspecies :

subsp. okanoganense Dempster & Ehrend.; Brittonia 17: 329 (1965)

Name: Okanoga bedstraw

Distribution: USA (Washington State)

73 USA

subspecies :

subsp. puberulum (Piper) Dempster & Ehrend.; Brittonia 17: 324 (1965)

Distribution: USA (Washington State)

73 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium multiflorum subsp. puberulum Piper; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 11: 527 (1906)

= Galium multiflorum var. puberulum (Piper) H.St.John; NorthW. Sci. 2: 90 (1928)

= Galium watsonii subsp. puberulum (Piper) Ehrend.; Contr. Dudley Herb. 5: 16 (1956)

= Galium serpenticum var. puberulum (Piper) Dempster; Brittonia 11: 121 (1959)

subspecies :

subsp. scabridum (Ehrend.) Dempster & Ehrend.; Brittonia 17: 330 (1965)

Distribution: USA (Oregon, Washington State)

73 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium watsonii f. scabridum Ehrend.; Contr. Dudley Herb. 5: 16 (1956)

subspecies :

subsp. scotticum Dempster & Ehrend.; Brittonia 17: 326 (1965)

Name: Scott Mountain bedstraw

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

subspecies :

subsp. warnerense Dempster & Ehrend.; Brittonia 17: 325 (1965)

Name: Warner Mountains bedstraw

Distribution: USA (California, Oregon, Washington State)

73 USA 76 USA

subspecies :

subsp. wenatchicum Dempster & Ehrend.; Brittonia 17: 323 (1965)

Distribution: USA (Washington State)

73 USA

species :

Galium serpylloides Royle ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 3: 207 (1881)

Distribution: Tibet; W-Nepal; NW-India (Lahul, Kunawur, Poonch, Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh)

36 TIB 40 IND NEP

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium lahulense Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 155 (1-4): 79 (1987)

species :

Galium setaceum Lam.; Encycl. Méth. Bot. 2: 584 (1788)

subspecies :

subsp. setaceum

Name: Borsten-Labkraut (DE); Bristle-like Bedstraw (EN); Raspilla sedosa (ES)

Distribution: S- & SE-Spain; Baleares; France; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Canary Isl. (Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, La Gomera, La Palma Isl.)

12 BAL FRA SAR SPA 13 ITA SIC 20 ALG MOR TUN 21 CNY

Synonyms: hidden

= Aparinella setacea (Lam.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n. s. 16: 397 (1868)

= Galium capillare Cav.; Icon. 2: 73 (1793)

= Galium decaisnei var. latifolium Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 3: 77 (1875)

= Galium eriospermum Chaix ex Schult. & Schult.f.; Mant. 3 [Schultes & Schultes f.] : 186 (1827)

= Galium floribundum d´Urv.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 272 (1822), nom. illeg.

= Galium microcarpum Vahl; Symb. Bot. [Vahl] 2: 30 (1791)

= Galium setaceum f. glabrum Ehrend.; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 56: 237 (1948)

= Galium setaceum f. lasiocarpum Bornm.; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 48: 596 (1898)

= Galium setaceum f. latifolium Ehrend.; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 56: 238 (1948)

= Galium setaceum f. pilosum Ehrend.; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 56: 237 (1948)

= Galium setaceum var. lasiocarpum Boiss. ex Post; Fl. Syria 390 (1896)

= Galium setaceum var. longipes Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 45 (1903)

subspecies :

subsp. decaisnei (Boiss.) Ehrend.; Biol. Mededel. Kong. Danske Vid. Selsk. 10: 144 (1958)

Name: Decaisnes Labkraut (DE); Decaisne´s Bedstraw (EN)

Distribution: Croatia; Albania; Bulgaria; Greece (scattered mainland, incl. many islands); Crete (widespread); Azerbaijan; Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Armenia; Libya; Egypt (SE-Egypt); Sudan; Djibouti; Somalia; Soqotra; East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos, Kastellorhizo Isl.); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq, S-Iraq, W-Iraq: Desert); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Badghys, Baghlan, Balkh, Bamyan, Farah, Faryab, Herat, Kabul, Kunar / Nuristan, Laghman, Nangarhar, Orozgan / Daykundi, Paktia / Khost, Parwan, Qunduz, Takhar); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus); Syria; Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, N-Negev Desert, Judean Desert, Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (S-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia; Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, NE-Saudi Arabia, N-Saudi Arabia, Midyan, Asir, Nejd Desert); Kuwait; Oman (Mascat & Oman); Pakistan (Baluchistan, Quetta, Waziristan, Khyber, Pakistani Punjab, Swat, Hazara); India (Haryana)

13 ALB BUL CRO GRC KRI 20 EGY LBY 24 DJI SOC SOM SUD 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE 34 AFG CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR SIN SYR TUR 35 KUW OMA SAU 40 IND PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium capillare Decne.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 2, 2: 269 (1834), nom. illeg.

= Galium decaisnei Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Or. Nov., Ser. 1, 6: 69 (1846)

= Galium decaisnei f. lasiocarpum (Boiss. ex Post) Ehrend.

= Galium eldaricum Grossh.; Izv. Azerbaidzhansk. Fil. 10: 45 (1944)

= Galium setaceum f. urvillei (Req. ex DC.) Ehrend.; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 56: 237 (1948)

= Galium setaceum var. leiocarpum Boiss. ex Post; Fl. Syria 389 (1896)

= Galium setaceum var. longipedicellatum Post; Fl. Syria 389 (1896)

= Galium setaceum var. urvillei (Req. ex DC.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 330 (1879)

= Galium sibthorpii Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 244 (1818)

= Galium spurium subvar. sibthorpii (Roem. & Schult.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 330 (1879)

= Galium urvillei Req. ex DC.; Prod. 4: 607 (1830)

species :

Galium setuliferum Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37: 254 (1979)

Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Galium shanense R.Bhattacharjee; Bull. Bot. Surv. India 48(1-4): 65 (2006)

Distribution: Myanmar

41 MYA

species :

Galium shengkuangense S.S.Ying; New Taxa New Names 4: 16 (2022)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Galium shepardii Post; Fl. Syr. Pal. Sin. 15 (1896)

Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Galium shepherdii Jung-Mend.; Acta Bot. Brasil. 17(4): 606 (2003)

Distribution: SE-Brazil (São Paulo)

84 BRA

species :

Galium shinasii Yildirim; PhytoKeys 75: 21 (2016)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Galium sichuanense Ehrend.; Novon 20(3): 275 (2010)

Distribution: China (Sichuan)

36 CHI

species :

Galium sidamense Chiov. ex Chiarugi; Webbia 8: 239 (1951)

Distribution: Ethiopia

24 ETH

species :

Galium sieheanum Ehrend.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 372 (1958)

Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Galium simense Fresen.; Mus. Senckenberg. 2: 165 (1837)

Distribution: Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Kenya; Tanzania; Yemen (W-Yemen)

23 BIO BUR CMN RWA ZAI 24 ETH SSU 25 KEN TAN 35 YEM

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium abyssinicum Chiov.; Ann. Bot. (Rome) 9: 68 (1911)

species :

Galium similii Pavlov; Vestn. Akad. Nauk Kazakhsk. S.S.R. 4(73): 95 (1951)

Distribution: Kazakhstan

32 KAZ

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Galium sinaicum (Delile ex Decne.) Boiss.; Fl. 3: 63 (1875)

Distribution: Egypt (Eastern Desert); Sinai peninsula (S-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (Asir); Kuwait

20 EGY 34 JOR SIN 35 KUW SAU

Synonyms: hidden

= Asperula sinaica Delile ex Decne.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 2, 2: 268 (1834)

species :

Galium siyuanianum S.S.Ying; New Taxa New Names 3: 109 (2022)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Galium smithreitzii Dempster; Allertonia 5: 330 (1990)

Distribution: S-Brazil (Santa Catarina)

84 BRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Relbunium catarinense Ehrend.

species :

Galium sojakii Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 174(3-4): 210 (1991)

Distribution: S-Iran

34 IRN

species :

Galium songaricum Schrenk; Fisch. & C. A. Mey., Enum. Pl. Nov. 1: 57 (1841)

Distribution: Siberia (Altai); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; China (Shanxi, Ningxia, Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Sichuan); Mongolia

30 SIB 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 36 CHI 37 MON

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium songaricum var. diffusum Regel & Herder; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 40(1): 11 (1867)

species :

Galium songmaoense S.S.Ying; New Taxa New Names 7: 178 (2024)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Galium sorgerae Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37: 257, t. 2, f. B (1979)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Galium sparsiflorum W.Wight; Zoe 5: 55 (1900)

subspecies :

subsp. sparsiflorum

Name: Sequoia bedstraw

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

subspecies :

subsp. glabrius Dempster & Stebbins; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 46: 45 (1968)

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

species :

Galium spathulatum I.Thomps.; Muelleria 27(1): 75 (map) (2009)

Distribution: Australia (Queensland)

50 AUS

species :

Galium speciosum Krendl; Bot. Chronika 6-7: 62 (1986-1987 publ. 1988)

Distribution: North Macedonia; NW-Greece (mountains, also W-Peloponnisos)

13 GRC NMA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium absurdum Krendl; Bot. Chronika 6-7: 108 1976-87 (1987)

species :

Galium sphagnophilum (Greenm.) Dempster; Phytologia 26: 221 (1973)

Distribution: Mexico (Ciudad de Mexico, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Oaxaca, Puebla, Tlaxcala); Guatemala

79 MEX 80 GUA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium sphagnophilum var. mazocarpum (Greenm.) Dempster; Phytologia 26: 222 (1973)

= Relbunium mazocarpum Greenm.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 41: 250 (1905)

= Relbunium sphagnophilum Greenm.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 33: 468 (1898)

species :

Galium spurium L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 106 (1753)

subspecies :

subsp. spurium

Name: Kleinfrüchtiges Kletten-Labkraut (DE); Raspilla bastarda (ES)

Distribution: England [I]; Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, +Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hessen [I], Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein [I], Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt [I]); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; San Marino [I]; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Greece (scattered mainland, incl. many islands); Crete (very rare C-Crete); Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; W-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (Eastern Desert, SE-Egypt); Canary Isl. (Hierro, Lanzarote, Gran Canaria, Tenerife); Soqotra; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Amur [I], Primorye [I]); Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; ?Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; ?Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Ikaria, Kalimnos, Rhodos); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Baghlan, Bamyan, Herat, Kabul, Kandahar, Laghman, Paktia / Khost, Parwan, Qunduz, Samangan, Takhar, Zabul); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria (Jazira, NW-Syria, Jbel Druze, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (S-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania); China (widespread); Mongolia; North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; Bonin Isl. [I] (Chichijima [I]); Taiwan; Pakistan (Baluchistan); Bhutan; N-India (Himachal Pradesh, Kashmir, Punjab, Uttarakhand, Poonch)

10 DEN FIN grb NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MNT NMA PTL ROM SIC SLV sma SRB 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT RUS UKR 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 21 CNY 24 SOC 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM GEO 34 AFG EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR TUR 36 CHI 37 MON 38 JAP KOR NKO NNS oga TAI 40 BHU IND PAK

Remarks: aparine agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Aparine spuria (L.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n. s. 16: 397 (1868)

= Aparine tenera (Gren.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n. s. 16: 397 (1868)

= Aparine vaillantii (DC.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n. s. 16: 397 (1868)

= Galium adhaerens DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 608 (1830), pro syn.

= Galium agreste var. echinospermum Wallr.; Sched. Crit. Fl. Halen. 59 (1822)

= Galium agreste var. leiospermon Wallr.; Sched. Crit. 59 (1882)

= Galium agreste Wallr.; Sched. Crit. 59 (1822), nom. illeg.

= Galium aparine proles aparinella (Lange ex Cutanda) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 50 (1903)

= Galium aparine proles tenerum (Gren.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 49 (1903)

= Galium aparine f. fallax L.Gross; 82 (1906)

= Galium aparine f. leiocarpum Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 17: 77 (1903)

= Galium aparine f. pauciflorum (Bunge) Maxim.; Mélanges Biol. Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 9: 259 (1873)

= Galium aparine f. spurium (L.) B.Boivin; Naturaliste Canad. 93: 433 (1966)

= Galium aparine f. strigosa (Thunb.) Maxim.; Mélanges Biol. Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 9: 259 (1873)

= Galium aparine f. tenerum (Gren.) Hallier; W. D. J. Koch, Syn. Deut. Schweiz. Fl., ed. 3: 1182 (1893)

= Galium aparine subsp. aparinella (Lange ex Cutanda) Jauzein; Fl. Champs Cult. 863 (1995)

= Galium aparine subsp. infestum (Waldst. & Kit.) Schübl. & G.Martens; Fl. Würtemberg 103 (1834)

= Galium aparine subsp. spurium (L.) Hartm.; Sv. Norsk Exc.-Fl. 23 (1846)

= Galium aparine subsp. tenerum (Gren. & Godr.) Cout.; Fl. Port., ed. 2, Pires de Lima 691 (1939)

= Galium aparine subsp. vaillantii (DC.) Berher; Louis, Fl. Vosges, éd. 2: 125 (1887), isonym

= Galium aparine subsp. vaillantii (DC.) Hook.f.; 179 (1870)

= Galium aparine var. agreste Wigand; 147 (1859)

= Galium aparine var. aparinella (Lange ex Cutanda) Ortega Oliv., Devesa, Muñoz Garm., Herrero & R.Gonzalo; Fl. Iber. [Castroviejo et al.] 15: 149 (411) (2007)

= Galium aparine var. aparinella (Lange) Ortega Oliv. & Devesa; Acta Bot. Malac. 28: 209 (2003), nom. inval.

= Galium aparine var. echinospermum (Wallr.) T.Durand; De Wild. & Durande, Prodr. Fl. Belg. 3: 719 (1903)

= Galium aparine var. fallax (L.Gross) Hayek; Hayek & Hegi, 229 (1914)

= Galium aparine var. glaber St.-Lag.; Étude Fl., éd. 8 [A. Cariot], 2: 397 (1889)

= Galium aparine var. infestum (Waldst. & Kit.) Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. 1: 120 (1827), nom. superfl.

= Galium aparine var. leiospermum (Wallr.) J.Becker; 326 (1827)

= Galium aparine var. leiospermum (Wallr.) T.Durand; De Wild. & T. Durand, Prodr. Fl. Belg. 3: 719 (1903), isonym

= Galium aparine var. leiospermum (Wallr.) Westerl.; Bot. Not. 1863: 140 (1863)

= Galium aparine var. minor Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 3: 447 (1867), nom. illeg.

= Galium aparine var. minus C.C.Gmel.; 117 (1826)

= Galium aparine var. scaberrimum (Vahl ex Hornem.) Webb & Berthel.; Hist. Nat. Iles Canaries (Phytogr.) 3(2

= Galium aparine var. spurium (L.) Hiern; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 3: 245 (1877), isonym

= Galium aparine var. spurium (L.) W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 330 (1835 publ. 1836)

= Galium aparine var. spurium (L.) Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. 1: 120 (1827), nom. illeg.

= Galium aparine var. tenerum (Gren.) Rchb.f.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. [H. G. L. Reichenbach] 17: 94 (1855)

= Galium aparine var. tenerum (Schleich. ex Gaudin) Döll; 447 (1843)

= Galium aparine var. vaillantii (DC.) Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 330 (1837), isonym

= Galium aparine var. vaillantii (DC.) Lej.; Fl. Spa 2: 296 (1813)

= Galium aparinella Lange ex Cutanda; Fl. Comp. Madrid 358 (1861)

= Galium aparinoides K.Koch; Linnaea 17: 33 (1843), nom. illeg.

= Galium biflorum Hochst. ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 3: 69 (1875)

= Galium campestre Hochst. ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 3: 69 (1875), nom. illeg.

= Galium hispidum Roth; Tent. Fl. Germ. 2: 184 (1789)

= Galium hongnoense H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 438 (1912)

= Galium infestum Waldst. & Kit.; Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 3: 224 (1810)

= Galium oliganthum Nakai & Kitag.; Rep. Exped. Manchoukuo Sect. iv 1: 56 (1934)

= Galium pauciflorum Bunge; Enum. Pl. China Bor. 35 (1833), nom. superfl.

= Galium scaberrimum Vahl ex Hornem.; Hort. Bot. Hafn. 135 (1813)

= Galium sororium Hance; Walp., Ann. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 2: 734 (1852)

= Galium spurium f. strigosum (Thunb.) Kitag.; J. Geobot. 19: 92 (1971)

= Galium spurium f. vaillantii (DC.) R.J.Moore; Canad. J. Bot. 53: 882 (1975)

= Galium spurium subsp. aparinella (Lange ex Cutanda) Rivas Mart. & Castrov.; Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 34: 555 (1977 publ. 1978)

= Galium spurium subsp. glabrum Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 441 (1828), nom. inval.

= Galium spurium subsp. infestum (Waldst. & Kit.) Janch.; Phyton (Horn) 8: 239 (1959), isonym

= Galium spurium subsp. infestum (Waldst. & Kit.) Oborny; 741 (1885)

= Galium spurium subsp. tenerum (Gren. & Godr.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 330 (1879)

= Galium spurium subsp. tenerum (Schleich. ex Gaudin) Kerguélen; 182 (1994), isonym

= Galium spurium subsp. vaillantii (DC.) Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 442 (1828)

= Galium spurium subsp. vaillantii (DC.) Gremli; Excursionsfl. Schweiz, Ed. 2: 220 (1874), isonym

= Galium spurium var. aparinella (Lange ex Cutanda) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 330 (1879)

= Galium spurium var. echinospermum (Wallr.) Klett & Richt.; Fl. Leipzig 141 (1830)

= Galium spurium var. infestum (Waldst. & Kit.) Trevir.; Index Sem. (WROCL, Wratislaviensi) 1818: 3 (1818)

= Galium spurium var. leiospermon (Wallr.) Hayek; Hayek & Hegi, 229 (1914), nom. inval.

= Galium spurium var. tenerum (Schleich. ex Gaudin) Gren.; Fl. France [Grenier] 2: 44 (1850)

= Galium spurium var. vaillantii (DC.) DC.; 86 (1832)

= Galium spurium var. vaillantii (DC.) Gren.; Fl. France [Grenier] 2: 44 (1850), isonym

= Galium strigosum Thunb.; Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal. 7: 141 (1815)

= Galium tenerum Schleich. ex Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 442 (1828), nom. superfl.

= Galium tibeticum Aswal & Mehrotra; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 2: 236 (1981) (nom. nov. for G. pauciflorum Bunge)

= Galium trinioides Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 77 (1874)

= Galium tsukinanats Hassk.; Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. 106 (1844)

= Galium vaillantii DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 4: 263 (1805)

= Galium vaillantii subsp. spurium (L.) Lindm.; Sv. Fanerogamfl. 507 (1918), nom. illeg.

= Galium wutaicum Hurus.; J. Jap. Bot. 26: 88 (1951)

subspecies :

subsp. africanum Verdc.; Kew Bull. 30(2): 324 (1975)

Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; N-Chad (Tibesti); Sudan (incl. Jbel Marra); Ethiopia; Eritrea; Somalia; Soqotra; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Malawi; South Africa (Limpopo, Gauteng, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal, N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho

23 BUR RWA ZAI 24 CHA ERI ETH SOC SOM SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 MLW 27 LES SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium uniflorum Quézel; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 50: 28 (1959), nom. illeg.

subspecies :

subsp. ibicinum (Boiss. & Hausskn. ex Boiss.) Ehrend.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 127(4): 305 (1977)

Distribution: Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Tajikistan; Turkey; N-Iraq; Iran; Afghanistan (Badakshan, Baghlan, Bamyan, Ghazni, Herat, Kabul, Laghman, Wardak, Nangarhar, Orozgan / Daykundi, Paktia / Khost, Parwan, Takhar); Pakistan (Baluchistan, Chitral, Swat, Quetta); Australia [I] (South Australia [I])

32 TKM TZK UZB 34 AFG IRN IRQ TUR 40 PAK 50 aus

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium ibicinum Boiss. & Hausskn.; Boiss. Fl. Orient. 3: 70 (1875)

= Galium linczevskyi Pobed.; Fl. URSS 23: 710 (1958)

species :

Galium stellatum Kellogg; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2: 97, f. 26 (1863)

subspecies :

subsp. stellatum

Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Sonora)

79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium acutissimum A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 7: 350 (1868)

subspecies :

subsp. eremicum (Hilend & J.T.Howell) Ehrend.; Contr. Dudley Herb. 5: 7 (1956)

Name: Starry bedstraw

Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah); Mexico (Sonora)

76 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium stellatum var. eremicum Hilend & J.T.Howell; Leafl. W. Bot. 1: 137 (1934)

species :

Galium stenophyllum Baker; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1895: 69 (1895)

Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi

23 ZAI 25 TAN 26 MLW ZAM

species :

Galium stepparum Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37: 260, t. 3, f. A (1979)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Galium sterneri Ehrend.; Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Abt. 1, 169: 420 (1960)

Name: Sterner-Labkraut (DE)

Distribution: Faeroe Isl.; England; Ireland; Denmark; Norway; Germany (Schleswig-Holstein)

10 DEN FOR GRB IRE NOR 11 GER

Remarks: pusillum agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium pumilum subsp. septentrionale Sterner ex Hyl.; Uppsala Univ. Årsskr. 7: 299 (1945)

species :

Galium subfalcatum Nazim. & Ehrend.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 155 (1-4): 71 (1987)

Distribution: N-Pakistan

40 PAK

species :

Galium subnemorale Klokov & Zaver.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Nizsh. Rast. 1974: 81 (1974)

Distribution: Ukraine

14 UKR

species :

Galium subtrifidum Reinw. ex Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 944 (1826)

Distribution: Sumatra; Philippines (Luzon); Java; Moluccas (Buru); New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)

42 JAW MOL NWG PHI SUM

species :

Galium subtrinervium Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.; Fl. Iranica 176: 178 (2005)

Distribution: Pakistan (Swat, Murree)

40 PAK

species :

Galium subuliferum Sommier & H.Lév.; Acta Horti Petrop. 12: 151 (1892)

Distribution: Romania; Bulgaria; Georgia [Caucasus]; Azerbaijan; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SSW-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia)

13 BUL ROM 33 AZE GEO 34 TUR

species :

Galium subvelutinum (DC.) K.Koch; Linnaea 24: 465 (1851)

Distribution: Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iran (N-Iran, C-Iran)

33 AZE 34 IRN TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Asperula subvelutina DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 585 (1830)

= Galium leiophyllum Boiss. & Hohen.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 3: 36 (1843), nom. illeg.

= Galium leiophyllum var. subvelutinum (DC.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 3: 51 (1875)

= Galium subvelutinum subsp. leiophyllum (Boiss. & Hohen.) Ehrend.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 366 (1958)

= Galium subvelutinum var. leiophyllum (Boiss. & Hohen.) Bornm.; Bull. Herb. Boiss., II 6: 774 (1906)

variant :

var. oligotrichum Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 174(3-4): 207 (1991)

Distribution: Azerbaijan; Turkey; Iraq; Iran

33 AZE 34 IRN IRQ TUR

species :

Galium subvillosum Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 3: 38 (1865)

Distribution: South Africa (Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, W-Cape Prov.); Lesotho

27 LES SAF

variant :

var. subglabrum Puff; J. S. African Bot. 44(3): 257 (1978)

Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

species :

Galium sudeticum Tausch; Flora (Regensburg) 18: 347 (1835)

Name: Sudeten-Labkraut (DE)

Distribution: Poland; Czech Republic

11 CZE POL

Remarks: pusillum agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium anisophyllon subsp. sudeticum (Tausch) Oborny; 739 (1885)

= Galium anisophyllon var. sudeticum (Tausch) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2: 153 (1889)

= Galium anisophyllum var. sudeticum (Tausch) Sagorski & Gus.Schneider; 205 (1891)

= Galium commune var. sudeticum (Tausch) Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 49: 144 (1902)

= Galium pumilum subsp. sudeticum (Tausch) O.Schwarz; 117 (1949)

= Galium sylvestre var. sudeticum (Tausch) Fiek; 200 (1881)

= Galium sylvestre var. sudeticum (Tausch) Neuman & Ahlfv.; Neuman, Sver. Fl. 109 (1901)

species :

Galium suecicum (Sterner) Ehrend.; Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Abt. 1, 169: 417 (1960)

Name: Schwedisches Labkraut (DE)

Distribution: S- & C-Sweden; Germany (Brandenburg, +Sachsen-Anhalt); W-Poland

10 SWE 11 GER POL

Remarks: pusillum agg.

Conservation Status: extremely rare in the whole area, in Germany and Poland almost extinct

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium pumilum subsp. suecicum Sterner; C. A. M. Lindman, Sv. Fanerogamfl., ed. 2: 507 (1926)

= Galium pumilum var. vestrogothicum Sterner ex Hyl.; Uppsala Univ. Årsskr. 7: 299 (1945)

species :

Galium suffruticosum Hook. & Arn.; Hook. Bot. Misc. 3: 363 (1833)

Distribution: Argentina (Mendoza); Chile (Atacama, Coquimbo, Valparaíso, Metropolitana de Santiago, O´Higgins, Maule)

85 ARG CLE

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium andinum Phil.; Linnaea 33: 98 (1864)

= Galium chilense (Molina ex DC.) Endl. ex Clos; Fl. Chil. [Gay] 3: 180 (1848), nom. illeg.

= Galium peteroanum Phil.; Anales Univ. Chile 85: 733 (1894)

= Rubia chilensis Molina ex DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 590 (1830), nom. illeg.

= Rubia margaritifera Reiche; Anales Univ. Chile 106: 978 (1900)

species :

Galium sungpanense Cufod.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 89: 238 (1940)

Distribution: China (Hebei, Sichuan, Xinjiang)

36 CHI

species :

Galium surinamense Dempster; Allertonia 3: 250 (1982)

Distribution: Surinam

82 SUR

species :

Galium sylvaticum L.; Sp. Pl., ed. 2 [Linnaeus] 155 (1762)

Name: Wald-Labkraut (DE), Scotch mist (EN)

Distribution: +Denmark; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, +Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, +Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Serbia; Kosovo; Canada [I] (Ontario [I], Québec [I]); USA [I] (Connecticut [I], Massachusetts [I], Maine [I], Michigan [I], New York [I], Oregon [I], Washington State [I], Wisconsin [I])

10 DEN 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 FRA 13 BIH CRO ITA KOS SLV SRB 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa

Remarks: sylvaticum agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Asterophyllum sylvaticum (L.) K.F.Schimp. & Spenn.; Spenn.,

= Galium capillipes Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 847 (1832)

= Galium inflatum Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 11 (1782), opus utique oppr.

= Galium intermedium Eichw.; Skizze 153 (1869), nom. illeg.

= Galium linifolium Rochel; Pl. Banat. Rar., index: s.p. (1828), nom. illeg.

= Galium nitidum Willd.; Schult. & Schult.f., Mant. 3: 163 (1827)

= Galium polymorphum Knaf; Flora (Regensburg) 29: 295 (1846)

= Galium sylvaticum f. juranum (Gren.) Hayek; Hayek & Hegi, 210 (1914)

= Galium sylvaticum f. pubescens (DC.) Hayek; Hayek & Hegi, 210 (1914)

= Galium sylvaticum f. purpurascens Woerl.; 159 (1885)

= Galium sylvaticum var. brevifolium St.-Lag.; Étude Fl., éd. 8 [A. Cariot], 2: 388 (1889)

= Galium sylvaticum var. juranum Gren.; Fl. France [Grenier] 2: 21 (1850)

= Galium sylvaticum var. laevigatum Wallr.; Sched. Crit. 55 (1822)

= Galium sylvaticum var. longifolium St.-Lag.; Étude Fl., éd. 8 [A. Cariot], 2: 388 (1889)

= Galium sylvaticum var. lugdunense Gren.; Fl. France [Grenier] 2: 21 (1850)

= Galium sylvaticum var. pubens Wallr.; 56 (1822)

= Galium sylvaticum var. pubescens DC.; 252 (1805)

= Galium sylvaticum var. pubescens Tinant; Fl. Luxemb. 88 (1836)

= Galium sylvaticum var. rubens Wallr.; Sched. Crit. 56 (1822), nom. inval.

= Galium sylvaticum var. salicifolium Glaab; Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 11: 78 (1894)

= Galium sylvaticum var. tetragonum Wirtg.; 92 (1841)

species :

Galium taiwanense Masam.; Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 29: 180 (1939)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

species :

Galium takasagomontanum Masam.; Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 26: 52 (1936)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

species :

Galium talaveranum Ortega Oliv. & Devesa; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 143(2): 182 (2003)

Distribution: Portugal; W-Spain

12 POR SPA

species :

Galium tanganyikense Ehrend. & Verdc.; Kew Bull. 28(3): 488 (1973 publ. 1974)

Distribution: Tanzania

25 TAN

species :

Galium tarokoense Hayata; Ic. Pl. Formos. 7: 33 (1918)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

species :

Galium taygeteum Krendl; Bot. Chronika 6-7: 85 (1986-1987 publ. 1988)

Distribution: S-Greece (widespread Peloponnisos, Kithira)

13 GRC

species :

Galium tendae Rchb.f.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. [H. G. L. Reichenbach] 17: 97 (1855)

Distribution: France; Italy (SW-Alps)

12 FRA 13 ITA

Remarks: baldense agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium baldense subsp. tendae (Rchb.f.) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 874 (1938)

= Galium baldense var. tendae (Rchb.f.) Bég.; Fiori et al., Fl. Anal. Ital. 3: 113 (1903)

= Galium helveticum subsp. tendae (Rchb.f.); Comp. Fl. Ital. 313 (1882)

= Galium helveticum subsp. tendae (Rchb.f.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. 313 (1882)

= Galium helveticum var. tendae (Rchb.f.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2: 153 (1889)

= Galium pusillum var. tendae (Rchb.f.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 326 (1879)

species :

Galium tenuissimum M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 104 (1808)

Distribution: Switzerland [I]; Slovakia; Hungary; ?Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; ?Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; ?North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (rare mainland, incl. Samothraki); E-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); N-Iran; Cyprus (C-Mountains); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria (Jazira, NW-Syria, W-Syrian Mountains); China (Xinjiang)

11 HUN SLO swi 13 ALB BIH BUL GRC KOS ROM SRB TUE 14 KRY RUS UKR 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM GEO NCS 34 CYP IRN IRQ LEB SYR TUR 36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium filiforme Willd. ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 2: 418 (1844), nom. illeg.

= Galium incurvum J.Fleisch. ex Tausch; Flora (Regensburg) 18: 354 (1835), nom. illeg.

= Galium tenuissimum subsp. adrianopolitanum (Podp.) Ancev; Kozhuh. & Kuzm., Evolyutsiya Tsvet. Rast. Florogen. 1: 127 (1978)

= Galium tenuissimum var. adrianopolitanum Podp.; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 52: 655 (1902)

form :

f. trichophorum (Kar. & Kir.) Ehrenb. & Schönb.-Tem.; Fl. Iranica 176: 247 (2005)

Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece; S-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Turkey; Iraq; Iran; Cyprus; Lebanon; Syria; United Arab Emirates; China (Xinjiang); Pakistan (Pakistani Punjab, Swat, Chitral); NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir)

13 BUL GRC KOS ROM SRB TUE 14 KRY RUS UKR 32 KAZ KGZ TZK 34 CYP IRN IRQ LEB SYR TUR 35 UAE 36 CHI 40 IND PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium trichophorum Kar. & Kir.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 15: 372 (1842)

= Galium tenuissimum subsp. trichophorum (Kar. & Kir.) Ehrend.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 127(4): 305 (1977)

species :

Galium terrae-reginae Ehrend. & McGill.; Telopea 2(4): 361 (1983)

Distribution: Australia (Queensland)

50 AUS

species :

Galium tetraphyllum Nazim. & Ehrend.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 155 (1-4): 73 (1987)

Distribution: Pakistan (Swat)

40 PAK

species :

Galium texense A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 19: 80 (1883)

Name: Texas bedstraw

Distribution: USA (Arkansas, Oklahoma, Texas)

74 USA 77 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium californicum var. texanum Torr. & A.Gray; Fl. N. Amer. 2: 20 (1841)

= Galium texanum (Torr. & A.Gray) Wiegand; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 1118 (1903), nom. illeg.

= Galium uncinulatum A.Gray; Boston J. Nat. Hist. 6: 215 (1857), nom. illeg.

species :

Galium thasium Stoj. & Kitanov; God. Sofiisk. Univ. Fiz.-Mat. Fak. 42: 160 (1946)

Distribution: NE-Greece (Thasos)

13 GRC

Remarks: provisionally accepted name; possibly conspecific with G. pycnotrichum fide Strid (2024)

species :

Galium thiebautii Ehrend.; Arkiv Bot., Stockh., andra Ser. 5: 421 (1960)

Distribution: Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon)

34 LEB

species :

Galium thunbergianum Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. 369 (1837)

Distribution: Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Sudan; Ethiopia; Kenya; South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; Eswatini [Swaziland]

23 BIO 24 ETH SUD 25 KEN 27 LES SAF SWZ

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium natalense Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 9 (1903)

variant :

var. hirsutum (Sond.) Verdc.; Kew Bull. 30(2): 326 (1975)

Distribution: Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Sudan; Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Zimbabwe; South Africa (Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; Eswatini [Swaziland]; Madagascar

23 BIO CMN RWA ZAI 24 ETH SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ZIM 27 LES SAF SWZ 29 MDG

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium biafrae Hiern; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 3: 245 (1877)

= Galium dasycarpum Hochst. ex Schweinf.; Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 135 (1867)

= Galium rotundifolium var. hirsutum Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 3: 39 (1865)

species :

Galium thymifolium Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 6: 67 (1846)

Distribution: Greece (mountains of C-Greece, C-Evvoia, Peloponnisos)

13 GRC

species :

Galium tianschanicum Popov; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol., n. s. 47: 88 (1938)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Uzbekistan; Tajikistan; Armenia; Azerbaijan

32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium kiapazi Manden.; Zametki Sist. Geogr. Rast. 17: 64 (1953)

= Galium saxatile var. leiophyllum Trautv.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 39(1): 333 (1866)

= Galium tianschanicum var. prostratum Popov; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol., n. s. 47: 88 (1938)

= Galium tianschanicum var. xerophyticum Popov; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol., n. s. 47: 88 (1938)

species :

Galium timeroyi Jord.; Obs. Pl. Crit. 3: 138 (1846)

subspecies :

subsp. timeroyi

Distribution: Germany [I]; C- & E-France; S-France

11 ger 12 FRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium asperum subsp. jordanii (Loret & Barrandon) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 876 (1938)

= Galium closianum Timb.-Lagr.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 9: 613 (1862)

= Galium commune Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 49: 138 (1902), nom. illeg.

= Galium commune subsp. jordanii (Loret & Barrandon) Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 49: 141 (1902)

= Galium commune var. implexum (Jord.) Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 49: 141 (1902)

= Galium commune var. intertextum (Jord.) Loret & Barrandon; Fl. Montpellier 302 (1876)

= Galium commune var. intertextum (Jord.) Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 49: 141 (1902), isonym

= Galium commune var. scabridum (Jord.) Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 49: 141 (1902)

= Galium commune var. timeroyi (Jord.) Loret & Barrandon; Fl. Montpellier 301 (1876)

= Galium commune var. timeroyi (Jord.) Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 49: 140 (1902), isonym

= Galium hanryi F.W.Schultz; Arch. Fl. 309 (1861)

= Galium implexum Jord.; Observ. Pl. Nouv. 3: 141 (1846)

= Galium intertextum Jord.; Observ. Pl. Nouv. 3: 142 (1846)

= Galium jordanii Loret & Barrandon; Fl. Montpellier 301 (1876)

= Galium jordanii subvar. closianum (Timb.-Lagr.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 327 (1879)

= Galium jordanii var. gracilicaule Rouy; Bull. Assoc. Franç. Bot. 5: 140 (1902)

= Galium jordanii var. implexum (Jord.) Rouy; Bull. Assoc. Franç. Bot. 5: 140 (1902)

= Galium jordanii var. intertextum (Jord.) Loret & Barrandon; Fl. Montpellier 301 (1876)

= Galium jordanii var. scabridum (Jord.) Loret & Barrandon; Fl. Montpellier 301 (1876)

= Galium jordanii var. timeroyi (Jord.) Loret & Barrandon; Fl. Montpellier 301 (1876)

= Galium pumilum subsp. jordanii (Loret & Barrandon) Braun-Blanq.; Cat. Fl. Aigoual 289 (1933)

= Galium pumilum var. timeroyi (Jord.) Braun-Blanq.; 289 (1933)

= Galium rouyanum Bonnier; Fl. Ill. France 5: 39 (1921)

= Galium scabridum Jord.; Observ. Pl. Nouv. 3: 136 (1846)

subspecies :

subsp. fleurotii (Jord.) P.A.Duvign.; Nouv. Fl. Belg., Luxemb., France etc., ed. 2: 829 (1978)

Distribution: S-England; C-France

10 GRB 12 FRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium collinum Jord.; Observ. Pl. Nouv. 3: 135 (1846)

= Galium commune var. bretonii Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 49: 140 (1902)

= Galium commune var. collinum (Jord.) Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 49: 140 (1902)

= Galium commune var. fleurotii (Jord.) Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 49: 140 (1902)

= Galium commune var. gracilicaule Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 49: 141 (1902)

= Galium fleurotii Jord.; Index Sem. (GR, Gratianopolis) 1849: 15 (1849)

= Galium fleurotii var. bretonii (Rouy) Donneaux; Lejeunia 103: 50 (1981)

= Galium fleurotii var. gracilicaule (Rouy) J.Duvign.; Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belgique 39: 193 (1969)

= Galium jordanii subsp. fleurotii (Jord.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 327 (1879)

= Galium jordanii var. bretonii Rouy; Bull. Assoc. Franç. Bot. 5: 140 (1902)

= Galium jordanii var. collinum (Jord.) Rouy; Bull. Assoc. Franç. Bot. 5: 140 (1902)

= Galium jordanii var. fleurotii (Jord.) Rouy; Bull. Assoc. Franç. Bot. 5: 140 (1902)

= Galium jordanii var. rouyanum Bonnier; Fl. Ill. France 5: 39 (1922)

= Galium pumilum subsp. fleurotii (Jord.) P.D.Sell; Fl. Great Britain & Ireland 4: 530 (2006)

= Galium timeroyi var. bretonii (Rouy) P.A.Duvign.; Nouv. Fl. Belg., Grand-Duché Luxemb., Nord France, ed. 2: 829 (1978)

species :

Galium tinctorium L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 106 (1753)

subspecies :

subsp. tinctorium

Name: Stiff marsh bedstraw

Distribution: Canada (Labrador, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Québec); St. Pierre et Miquelon; USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Vermont, Wisconsin, West Virginia)

72 CDN SPM 74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium claytonii Michx.; Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 78 (1803)

= Galium tinctorium var. diversifolium W.Wight; Zoe 5: 54 (1900)

= Galium tinctorium var. submontanum W.Wight; Zoe 5: 53 (1900)

= Galium trifidum subsp. tinctorium (L.) H.Hara; Rhodora 41: 388 (1939)

= Galium trifidum var. tinctorium (L.) Torr. & A.Gray; Fl. N. Amer. 2: 22 (1841)

subspecies :

subsp. floridanum (Wiegand) Puff; Canad. J. Bot. 54: (1916 publ. 1976)

Distribution: USA (Illinois, Missouri, Oklahoma, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, West Virginia, Texas, Alabama, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, District of Columbia); Dominican Republic

74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA 81 HIS

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium tinctorium var. floridanum Wiegand; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24: 398 (1897)

= Galium obtusum var. floridanum (Wiegand) Fernald; Rhodora 37: 443 (1935)

species :

Galium tmoleum Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 3: 39 (1843)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, SW-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium pulchellum Stapf; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 50: 106 (1885), nom. superfl.

= Galium stapfianum Ehrend.; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 56: 226 (1948)

species :

Galium tokyoense Makino; Ill. Fl. Japan 1(11): 2, t. 89 (1891), nomen, et Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 17: 72 (1903)

Distribution: China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Hebei, Shandong); South Korea; Japan (Honshu)

36 CHI 38 JAP KOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium asprellum var. tokyoense (Makino) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 23: 105 (1909)

= Galium dahuricum f. tokyoense (Makino) Kitag.; Rep. Inst. Sci. Res. Manchoukuo 4: 92 (1940)

= Galium dahuricum var. tokyoense (Makino) Cufod.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 89: 243 (1940)

= Galium pseudoasprellum var. tokyoense (Makino) Cufod.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 89: 243 (1940)

species :

Galium tolosianum Boiss. & Kotschy; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 53 (1875)

Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Galium tomentosum Thunb.; Fl. Cap. [Thunberg] 1: 551 (1813)

Distribution: Namibia; South Africa (Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)

27 NAM SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium asperum Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 1:: 30 (1794), nom. illeg.

= Galium asperum var. villosum Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. [Ecklon & Zeyher] 369 (1837)

= Galium glabrum Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 1:: 30 (1794)

= Galium maritimum Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 1:: 30 (1794), nom. illeg.

species :

Galium tortumense Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37: 264 (1979)

Distribution: Turkey (NE-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Galium transcarpaticum Stojko & Tasenk.; Ukrayins´k. Bot. Zhurn. 36(6): 594 (1979)

Distribution: Ukraine

14 UKR

species :

Galium trichocarpum DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 600 (1830)

Distribution: Chile (Valparaíso, Metropolitana de Santiago, O´Higgins, Maule, Biobío)

85 CLE

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium chamissonis Hook. & Arn.; Bot. Misc. 3: 363 (1833)

= Galium lasiocarpum Phil.; Linnaea 33: 99 (1864)

= Galium laxum Hook. & Arn.; Anales Univ. Chile 85: 732 (1894)

= Galium scandens Phil.; Anales Univ. Chile 41: 731 (1872)

species :

Galium tricornutum Dandy; Watsonia 4: 47 (1957)

Name: Dreihörniges Labkraut (DE); Roughfruit corn bedstraw (EN); Raspilla tricorne (ES)

Distribution: England [I]; Norway; Sweden; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin [I], Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hessen [I], +Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, +Schleswig-Holstein, +Saarland, +Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Baleares; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; ?Bosnia & Hercegovina; ?Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; ?North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (scattered mainland, incl. many islands); Crete; Belarus; C-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (Desert Oases, NE-Egypt, Nile Delta, Nile Valley, N-Egypt); Madeira (Porto Santo Isl.); Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Palma Isl., Gomera); Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Chios, Samos, Dodecanese, Kos, Tilos, Karpathos, Kasos, Rhodos); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Iran (NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Wakhan, Badghys, Baghlan, Balkh, Bamyan, Faryab, Ghazni, Ghorat, Herat, Kabul, Kunar / Nuristan, Laghman, Wardak, Paktia / Khost, Parwan, Qunduz, Samangan, Takhar); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, NW-Syria, Jbel Druze, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, Judean Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai, S-Sinai); Jordania (W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (Asir); Qatar; United Arab Emirates; Yemen (W-Yemen); China (Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Xinjiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Jiangxi, Henan, Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou); Tibet; Pakistan (Chitral, Kurram, Quetta, Baluchistan, Waziristan, Drosh, Pakistani Punjab, Hazara); NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab, Leh); Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I]); Canada [I] (Ontario [I]); USA [I] (Arkansas [I], California [I], Georgia [I], Maryland [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], South Carolina [I], Washington State [I], Wisconsin [I]); NE-Brazil [I]; Paraguay [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Ñuble [I], Biobío [I])

10 grb NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM GER HUN LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 BAL COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 BLR KRY RUS UKR 20 EGY LBY TUN 21 CNY MDR 29 mau reu 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR TUR 35 QAT SAU UAE YEM 36 CHI TIB 40 IND PAK 50 aus 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 78 usa 84 bra 85 arg cle par

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium borbonicum Cordem.; Fl. Réunion [Cordemoy] 517 (1895), tentatively listed as a synonym.

= Galium kurramensis Nazim.; Fl. Pakistan, 190: 57 (1989)

= Galium spurium Huds.; Fl. Angl. 57 (1762), nom. superfl.

= Galium tehranicum M.Moussavi, A.Ghahreman & Attar; Iran. J. Bot. 6: 146 (1993)

= Galium tricorne Stocks; With., Bot. Arr. Brit. Pl. ed. 2,1: 153 (1787) (nom. illeg. excl. syn. Valantia aparine)

= Galium tricorne var. laeve Texidor; Revista Progr. Ci. Exact. 18: 617 (1869)

= Galium tricorne var. microcarpum Gren.; Fl. France [Grenier] 2: 45 (1850)

= Galium tricornutum f. microcarpum (Gren.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 11: 250 (1965)

= Galium tricornutum subsp. longipedunculatum Nazim.; Fl. Pakistan, 190: 61 (1989)

= Vaillantia aparine Hoffm.; 275 (1804) non L.

= Valantia spuria Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 129 (1805)

= Valantia triflora Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 3: 384 (1779)

species :

Galium trifidum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 105 (1753)

subspecies :

subsp. trifidum

Name: Threepetal bedstraw (EN)

Distribution: Norway; Sweden; Finland; Austria; Poland; France; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; W-European Russia; Ukraine; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Kazakhstan; Georgia [Caucasus]; Turkey; Turkey (NE-Anatolia); China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Hebei, Shanxi, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Hunan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan); Tibet; Mongolia; North Korea; South Korea; Taiwan; Alaska; Greenland; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Labrador, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Northern Territories, Nunavut, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Québec, Saskatchewan, Yukon); St. Pierre et Miquelon; USA (Colorado, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Iowa, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Virginia, Vermont, Washington State, Wisconsin, Wyoming); Mexico (Baja California Sur, Ciudad de Mexico, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Mexico State, Michoacán, Morelos, Puebla)

10 FIN NOR SWE 11 AUT POL 12 FRA 14 EST LAT LIT RUS UKR 30 SIB 32 KAZ 33 GEO 34 TUR 36 CHI TIB 37 MON 38 KOR NKO TAI 70 ASK CDN GNL 71 CDN 72 CDN SPM 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 78 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium baicalense Pobed.; Fl. URSS 13: 714 (1958)

= Galium brandegeei A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 12: 58 (1877)

= Galium ruprechtii Pobed.; Fl. URSS 23: 713 (1958), p. max. p. incl. typo

= Galium trifidum f. brevipedunculatum Regel; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 4(4): 77 (1861)

= Galium trifidum subsp. distentum Printz; Veg. Siber.-Mongol. Front. 400 (1921)

= Galium trifidum var. europaeum Rupr.; Fl. Samojed. Cisural. 38 (1846)

= Galium triflorum var. europaeum F.Schmidt; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 12: 114 (1868)

= Rubia linnaeana Baill.; Hist. Pl. 7: 374 (1880)

subspecies :

subsp. brevipes (Fernald & Wiegand) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Taxon 31(2): 352 (1982)

Name: Limestone swamp bedstraw

Distribution: Canada (Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario, Québec, Saskatchewan); USA (Indiana, Massachusetts, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, North Dakota, New Hampshire, New York, South Dakota, Vermont, Wisconsin)

71 CDN 72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium brevipes Fernald & Wiegand; Rhodora 12: 78 (1910)

subspecies :

subsp. columbianum (Rydb.) Hultén; Fl. Aleutian Isl. 367 (1937)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Kuril Isl., Primorye, Sakhalin); China (fairly widespread in the North); Tibet; North Korea; South Korea; Japan; Taiwan; Alaska; Aleutes; Canada (British Columbia); USA (California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Washington State)

31 RFE 36 CHI TIB 38 JAP KOR NKO TAI 70 ASK 71 CDN 73 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium columbianum Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 808 (1917)

= Galium cymosum Wiegand; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 401 (1897)

= Galium taquetii H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 438 (1912)

= Galium trifidum subsp. pacificum (Wiegand) Piper & Beattie; Fl. N.W. Coast [Piper & Beattie] 336 (1915)

= Galium trifidum var. brevipedunculatum Regel; Tent. Fl.-Ussur. 77 (1861)

= Galium trifidum var. pacificum Wiegand; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24: 400 (1897)

subspecies :

subsp. halophilum (Fernald & Wiegand) Puff; Canad. J. Bot. 54(16): (1922 publ. 1976)

Distribution: Canada (Labrador, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Isl., Québec); St. Pierre et Miquelon; USA (Massachusetts, Maine)

72 CDN SPM 75 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium trifidum f. halophilum (Fernald & Wiegand) B.Boivin; Naturaliste Canad. 93: 433 (1966)

= Galium trifidum var. halophilum Fernald & Wiegand; Rhodora 12: 78 (1910)

subspecies :

subsp. subbiflorum (Wiegand) Puff; Canad. J. Bot. 54(16): (1919 publ. 1976)

Distribution: Alaska; Canada (British Columbia, New Brunswick, Northern Territories, Ontario, Québec); USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Louisiana, Montana, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, Texas, Utah, Washington State, Wyoming)

70 ASK CDN 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium claytonii subsp. subbiflorum (Wiegand) Piper & Beattie; Fl. N.W. Coast [Piper & Beattie] 336 (1915)

= Galium claytonii var. subbiflorum (Wiegand) Wiegand; Rhodora 12: 229 (1910)

= Galium subbiflorum (Wiegand) Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 33: 152 (1906)

= Galium tinctorium var. subbiflorum (Wiegand) Fernald; Rhodora 39: 320 (1937)

= Galium trifidum var. pusillum A.Gray; Manual [Gray], ed. 5: 208 (1867)

= Galium trifidum var. subbiflorum Wiegand; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24: 399 (1897)

species :

Galium trifloriforme Kom.; Act. Hort. Petrop. 18: 428 (1900)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Kuril Isl., Sakhalin); China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Nei Mongol, Qinghai); South Korea; Japan

31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium japonicum var. trifloriformis (Kom.) Nakai; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus., Tokyo 31: 106 (1952)

species :

Galium triflorum Michx.; Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 80 (1803)

Name: Fragrant bedstraw

Distribution: Norway; Sweden; Finland; Switzerland; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; W-European Russia; Siberia (Buryatia, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Primorye); China (Guizhou, Sichuan); Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu); India (Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab); Alaska; Greenland; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Labrador, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Northern Territories, Nunavut, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Québec, Saskatchewan, Yukon); St. Pierre et Miquelon; USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, Montana, North Carolina, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, Nevada, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Vermont, Washington State, Wisconsin, West Virginia, Wyoming); Mexico (Tamaulipas, Veracruz)

10 FIN NOR SWE 11 SWI 14 BLR EST LAT LIT RUS 30 SIB 31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP 40 IND 70 ASK CDN GNL 71 CDN 72 CDN SPM 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Asperula galioides Jacquem. ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 3: 205 (1881), nom. inval.

= Galium brachiatum Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 1:: 103 (1814)

= Galium bryophilum Goldb. ex M.A.Maxim.; Novyi Mag. Estestv. Istorii 1828: 16 (1828)

= Galium bryophyllum Goldb. ex DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 602 (1830), nom. inval.

= Galium cuspidatum Muhl.; Cat. ed. I (1813), 16, ed. 2, 25, ex Elliott Sketch 1: 197

= Galium gratum Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 6211 (1831), nomen

= Galium jalapense Schltdl.; Linnaea 9: 591 (1834)

= Galium longicaule Raf.; Fl. Ludov. 75 (1817)

= Galium obovatum Schltdl. & Cham.; Linnaea 5: 164 (1830), nom. illeg.

= Galium paridifolium Eschsch. ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 2: 412 (1844)

= Galium pennsylvanicum W.P.C.Barton; Comp. Fl. Philadelph. 1: 83 (1818)

= Galium suaveolens Wahlenb.; Fl. Lapp. 48 (1812)

= Galium triflorum f. glabrum Leyendecker; Iowa State Coll. J. Sci. 15: 180 (1941)

= Galium triflorum f. hispidum Leyendecker; Iowa State Coll. J. Sci. 15: 180 (1941)

= Galium triflorum f. rollandii Vict.; Naturaliste Canad. 71: 208 (1944)

= Galium triflorum var. asprelliforme Fernald; Rhodora 37: 445 (1935)

= Galium triflorum var. bryophyllum (Goldb. ex DC.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 324 (1879)

= Galium triflorum var. viridiflorum DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 602 (1830)

species :

Galium trilobum Colenso; Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 20: 192 (1888)

Distribution: New Zealand (incl. Stewart Isl., Ruapuke Isl.); Chatham Isl.

51 CTM NZL

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium tenuicaule A.Cunn.; Ann. Nat. Hist. 2: 205 (1839), nom. illeg.

species :

Galium trojanum Ehrend.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 385 (1958)

Distribution: Turkey (WN-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Galium truniacum (Ronniger) Ronniger; A. Kern., Sched. Fl. Exsicc. Austro-Hung. 10: 52 (1913)

Name: Traunsee-Labkraut (DE)

Distribution: Germany (Bayern); Austria

11 AUT GER

Remarks: lucidum agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium lucidum subvar. truniacum (Ronniger) Hayek; Hayek & Hegi, 214 (1914)

= Galium corrudifolium subsp. truniacum Ronniger; Exsicc. (Herb. Norm.) 51-52: 22 (1910)

species :

Galium tubiflorum Ehrend.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 353, f. 4 (1958)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Galium tuncelianum Yild.; Ot Sist. Bot. Derg. 17(2): 103 (2010)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Galium tunetanum Lam.; Encycl. Méth. Bot. 2: 583 (1788)

Distribution: S-Spain (Sa. de las Nieves); Sicily; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia

12 SPA 13 SIC 20 ALG MOR TUN

Remarks: verum agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium serotinum Munby; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 2: 284 (1855), nom. illeg., non Boiss. & Heldr.

= Galium tunetanum var. hirtum Batt.; Batt. & Trab., Fl. Algérie, Dicot. 397 (1890)

= Galium tunetanum var. lanigerum Batt. ex Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 17: 115 (1926)

species :

Galium turgaicum Knjaz.; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 88(12): 88 (2003)

Distribution: Kazakhstan

32 KAZ

species :

Galium turkestanicum Pobed.; Fl. URSS 23: 717 (1958)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; China (Xinjiang)

32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 36 CHI

species :

Galium tyraicum Klokov; Fl. URSR 10: 468 (1961)

Distribution: Ukraine

14 UKR

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium macilentum Klokov & Zaver.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Nizsh. Rast. 1974: 85 (1974)

species :

Galium uliginosum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 106 (1753)

Name: Moor-Labkraut, Fen bedstraw

10 DEN FIN GRB ICE IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO FRA SPA 13 BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS ROM SLV SRB 14 BLR EST LAT LIT RUS UKR 30 SIB 32 KAZ 33 ARM GEO 34 TUR 36 CHI 37 MON 51 ctm nzl 70 gnl

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium albolutescens Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 8 (1782), opus utique oppr.

= Galium aquaticum Willd.; Schult. & Schult.f., Mant. 3: 158 (1827)

= Galium grandiflorum Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 7 (1782), opus utique oppr.

= Galium hirsutum Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 10 (1782), opus utique oppr.

= Galium langei Sennen; Bol. Soc. Iber. Ci. Nat. 27: 173 (1928 publ. 1929)

= Galium minus Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 9 (1782), opus utique oppr.

= Galium palustre var. uliginosum (L.) Fiori; Nuov. Fl. Italia 2: 496 (1927)

= Galium spinulosum Mérat; Nouv. Fl. Env. Paris 58 (1812)

= Galium spurium Spreng.; Fl. Halens. 52 (1832), nom. illeg.

= Galium sylvaticum subsp. supinum Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. 312 (1882)

= Galium uliginosum f. latifolium (T.Marsson) Hayek; Hayek & Hegi, 221 (1914)

= Galium uliginosum subvar. rubriflorum (Arv.-Touv.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 42 (1903)

= Galium uliginosum var. ericetorum H.Post; Bot. Not. 1844: 123 (1844)

= Galium uliginosum var. glabratum Döll; 448 (1843)

= Galium uliginosum var. hirsutum Tinant; Fl. Luxemb. 90 (1836)

= Galium uliginosum var. latifolium T.Marsson; 221 (1869)

= Galium uliginosum var. meratianum Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 42 (1903)

= Galium uliginosum var. minus Wimm. & Grab.; 121 (1827)

= Galium uliginosum var. nanum Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 436 (1828)

= Galium uliginosum var. rubriflorum Arv.-Touv.; Add. Monogr. Pilos. 20 (1888)

species :

Galium uncinulatum DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 600 (1830)

Name: Bristly bedstraw

Distribution: USA (Arizona, Texas); Mexico (Aguascalientes, Baja California Sur, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Morelos, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Zacatecas); Guatemala; Costa Rica; Panama

76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX 80 COS GUA PAN

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium nelsonii Greenm.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 33: 460 (1898)

= Galium obstipum f. angustifolium Schltdl.; Linnaea 9: 593 (1835)

= Galium obstipum f. latifolium Schltdl.; Linnaea 9: 593 (1835)

= Galium obstipum Schltdl.; Linnaea 9: 592 (1835)

= Galium rotundifolium var. angustifolium (Schltdl.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 282 (1891)

= Galium uncinulatum var. obstipum (Schltdl.) S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 18: 94 (1883)

species :

Galium undulatum Puff; J. S. African Bot. 44(3): 262 (1978), nom. nov.

Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium uncinatum Licht. ex Bartlett & H.L.Wendl.; Beitr. Bot. 2: 12 (1825), nom. illeg.

species :

Galium uniflorum Michx.; Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 79 (1803)

Name: Oneflower bedstraw

Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Texas, Virginia)

77 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Bataprine uniflora (Michx.) Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 1: 264 (1910)

species :

Galium uruguayense Bacigalupo; Darwiniana 19: 515 (1975)

Distribution: Uruguay (Maldonado, Tacuarembo); Argentina (Misiones)

85 ARG URU

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium uruguayense var. echinulatum Bacigalupo; Darwiniana 19: 518 (1975)

species :

Galium valantioides M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 102 (1808)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan

33 ARM AZE GEO NCS

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium rubioides Pollich; Hist. Pl. Palat. 1: 150 (1776), nom. illeg.

species :

Galium valdepilosum Heinr.Braun; Formánek, Beitr. Fl. Mittl. Südl. Mähr. 43 (1886)

Name: Mährisches Labkraut (DE)

Distribution: Denmark; Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Sachsen, +Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; W-Ukraine

10 DEN 11 AUT CZE GER POL 14 UKR

Remarks: pusillum agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium anisophyllon subsp. bavaricum Ehrend.; 7 (1956)

= Galium pumilum subsp. slesvicense Sterner ex Hyl.; Uppsala Univ. Årsskr. 7: 300 (1945)

= Galium valdepilosum subsp. slesvicense (Sterner) Ehrend.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 124: 177 (1975)

species :

Galium valentinum Lange; Vid. Meddel. Dansk Naturh. Foren. Kiobenhavn 1881: 95 (1882)

Distribution: E- & SE-Spain

12 SPA

species :

Galium vartanii Grossh.; Trans. Geo-Bot. Invest. Pasturelands, Aserbaijan, Ser. B. Pt. 1, 78 (1929)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Armenia; Azerbaijan

33 ARM AZE NCS

species :

Galium vassilczenkoi Pobed.; Fl. URSS 23: 714 (1958)

Distribution: Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Badakshan, Wakhan, Bamyan, Ghazni, Paktia / Khost, Parwan); Pakistan (Quetta)

32 TZK 34 AFG 40 PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium afghanicum Ehrend.; K. Danske Vid. Selsk., Biol. Skrift. 10: No. 3 (Symb. Afghan. IV.) 142 (1959)

species :

Galium velenovskyi Ancev; Dokl. Bulg. Akad. Nauk 28(11): 1534 (1975)

Distribution: Bulgaria

13 BUL

species :

Galium verrucosum Huds.; Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London 56: 251 (1767)

Name: Anis-Labkraut (DE); Warty bedstraw (EN); Raspilla verrucosa (ES)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Switzerland [I]; Austria [I]; Poland [I]; Portugal; Spain; Gibraltar; Baleares; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Pantelleria; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Albania; Greece (scattered NE-, C- & S-Greece, Ionian Isl., Kiklades); Crete; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Madeira (Madeira Isl., Porto Santo Isl.); Canary Isl. (Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma Isl.); East Aegaean Isl. (Chios, Samos, Kalimnos, Tilos, Chalki, Rhodos, Kasos, Karpathos); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Israel (coastal W-Israel, N-Israel); USA [I] (Michigan [I])

11 aut ger pol swi 12 BAL COR FRA GIB POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH CRO GRC ITA KRI PEL PTL SIC 20 ALG MOR TUN 21 CNY MDR 34 CYP EAI ISR LEB 75 usa

Synonyms: hidden

= Aparine tricornis Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n. s. 16: 397 (1868), nom. superfl.

= Aparine verrucosa (Huds.) Moench; Methodus [Moench] 640 (1794)

= Galium granulatum (Spreng.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg. ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 249 (1818)

= Galium saccharatum All.; Auct. Syn. Meth. Stirp. Hort. Regii Taur. 9 (1773), nom. illeg.

= Galium saccharatum var. pleianthum Murb.; Acta Univ. Lund. 33(12): 91 (1897)

= Galium tricorne Stokes; W. Withering, Bot. Arr. Brit. Pl. ed. 2, 1: 153 (1787), nom. superfl.

= Galium vaillantii var. halophilum Ponzo; Boll. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1912: 105 (1912)

= Galium valantia Weber; F. H. Wiggers, Prim. Fl. Holsat. 12 (1780), nom. superfl.

= Galium verrucosum subsp. halophilum (Ponzo) Lambinon; Bull. Soc. Échange Pl. Vasc. Eur. Occid. Bassin Médit. 26: 83 (1997)

= Galium verrucosum var. halophilum (Ponzo) Natali & Jeanm.; Candollea 43: 397 (1988)

= Rubia tricornis Baill.; Hist. Pl. 7: 373 (1880), nom. superfl.

= Valantia aparine L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1051 (1753)

= Valantia granulata Spreng.; J. Bot. [Schrader] 1800(2): 200 (1800)

= Valantia saccharata (All.) C.C.Gmel.; Fl. Bad. 3: 781 (1808)

= Valantia tricornis (Stokes) Roth; Neue Beytr. Bot. 1: 142 (1802)

species :

Galium verticillatum Danth.; Encycl. [J. Lamarck et al.] 2: 585 (1788)

Distribution: E- & S-Spain; France; Italy; Sicily; Croatia; Serbia; Kosovo; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Greece (scattered mainland, Thasos, Samothraki, Sporades, Skiros, Paxos, Amorgos); Crete; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Chios, Samos, Nisyros, Karpathos, Kasos); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iraq (NW-Iraq); Iran (NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran); Afghanistan (Balkh, Herat); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria (Jbel Druze, W-Syrian Mountains)

12 FRA SPA 13 ALB BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI ROM SIC SRB 14 KRY UKR 20 ALG MOR TUN 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM GEO NCS 34 AFG EAI IRN IRQ LEB SYR TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Aparinanthus verticillatus (Danthoine ex Lam.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n. s. 16: 397 (1868)

= Galium murale M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 105 (1808), nom. illeg.

= Galium smithii G.Don; Gen. Hist. 3: 660 (1834)

= Galium verticillatum f. leiocarpum Sennen; Diagn. Nouv. 265 (1936), nom. illeg.

= Galium verticillatum f. robustum Pau; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 7: 91 (1907)

= Galium verticillatum f. trichocarpum Sennen; Diagn. Nouv. 265 (1936)

= Galium verticilliflorum Pourr. ex Lapeyr.; Hist. Pl. Pyrénées, Suppl. 24 (1818)

= Sherardia erecta Sm.; Sibth. & Sm., Fl. Graec. Prodr. 1: 86 (1806)

= Sherardia minuta Pall. ex Georgi; Beschr. Russ. Reich. 3(4): 727 (1800)

species :

Galium verum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 107 (1753)

subspecies :

subsp. verum

Name: Echtes Labkraut (DE), Yellow Spring bedstraw (EN)

Distribution: Iceland; England; Ireland; Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; France; Channel Isl.; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Malta; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread mainland, Kerkyra, Thasos, Samothraki); S-European Russia; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; W-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Kuril Isl., Primorye, Sakhalin); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Chios, Samos); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Badakshan, Takhar); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria (Jbel Druze, W-Syrian Mountains); China (Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Zhejiang); Tibet; Mongolia; Mongolia; North Korea; South Korea; Japan; NE-Pakistan (Gilgit, Astor, Deosai); NW-India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir); New Zealand [I]; Greenland [I]; Canada [I] (Alberta [I], British Columbia [I], Manitoba [I], New Brunswick [I], Newfoundland [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Prince Edward Isl. [I], Québec [I]); USA [I] (California [I], Colorado [I], Connecticut [I], District of Columbia [I], Delaware [I], Iowa [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Kansas [I], Kentucky [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], Maine [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Missouri [I], Montana [I], North Carolina [I], North Dakota [I], Nebraska [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], South Dakota [I], Virginia [I], Vermont [I], Washington State [I], Wisconsin [I], West Virginia [I], Wyoming [I]); Argentina [I]

10 DEN FIN GRB ICE IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO CIS FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MLT MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT RUS UKR 20 ALG MOR TUN 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO 34 AFG EAI IRN IRQ LEB SYR TUR 36 CHI TIB 37 MON 38 JAP KOR NKO 40 IND PAK 51 nzl 70 gnl 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 78 usa 85 arg

Remarks: verum agg. See also G. ruthenicum and G. wirtgenii

Synonyms: hidden

= Asterophyllum galium K.F.Schimp. & Spenn.; F. C. L. Spenner, Fl. Friburg. 3: 1077 (1829)

= Galium affine Roth; Enum. Pl. Phaen. Germ. 1(1): 474 (1827)

= Galium alpinum Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 288 (1866), nom. superfl.

= Galium approximatum Gren.; Fl. France [Grenier] 2: 20 (1850)

= Galium bracteolatum Sennen; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 74: 374 (1927)

= Galium caucasicum Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. 9 (1816)

= Galium floridum Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 58 (1796), nom. superfl.

= Galium gironae Sennen; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 74: 374 (1927)

= Galium glabratum Klokov; Fl. URSR 10: 472 (1961)

= Galium glabrum Hoffm.; Deutschl. Fl. Bot. Taschenb. 3: 72 (1800), nom. illeg.

= Galium leonis Sennen; Diagn. Nouv. 293 (1936)

= Galium luteoverticillatum St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 126 (1880)

= Galium luteum Garsault; Fig. Pl. Anim. Med., t. 284 (1764), Descr. Pl. Anim. 179 (1767), Thell. in Bull. Herb. Boiss., Ser. II. 8: 790

= Galium luteum Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 3: 381 (1779)

= Galium luteum Moench; 485 (1794), nom. illeg.

= Galium luteum St.-Lag.; Étude Fl., éd. 8 [A. Cariot], 2: 387 (1889), nom. illeg., non Lam.

= Galium luteum var. brachycarpum (DC.) St.-Lag.; Étude Fl., éd. 8 [A. Cariot], 2: 387 (1889)

= Galium luteum var. trachyphyllum (DC.) St.-Lag.; Étude Fl., éd. 8 [A. Cariot], 2: 387 (1889)

= Galium mauryi Sennen; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 73: 652 (1926 publ. 1927)

= Galium minimum Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 10 (1782), opus utique oppr.

= Galium minutum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 106 (1753)

= Galium officinale Gaterau; Descr. Pl. Montauban 43 (1789)

= Galium pallidiflorum Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 281 (1866)

= Galium palustre var. effusum Hartm.; Handb. Skand. Fl. 74 (1820)

= Galium palustre var. vulgare Hartm.; Handb. Skand. Fl. 74 (1820)

= Galium pentandrum Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 10 (1782), opus utique oppr.

= Galium poligamum Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 13 (1782), opus utique oppr.

= Galium pseudoverum Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 281 (1866)

= Galium ruthenicum f. setulosum H.Lindb.; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 25: 28 (1900)

= Galium squarrosum Sennen; Diagn. Nouv. 288 (1936)

= Galium sublutaeum Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 10 (1782), opus utique oppr.

= Galium sylvestre var. glabrum (Hoffm.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 327 (1879)

= Galium tenderiense Klokov; Kotov, Fl. URSR 10: 471 (1961)

= Galium tomentellum Klokov; Kotov, Fl. URSR 10: 470 (1961)

= Galium trichophyllum Wulfen; Roem., Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 3: 319 (1805), nom. illeg.

= Galium tuberculatum C.Presl; J. Presl & C. Presl, Delic. Prag. 120 (1822)

= Galium vernum subsp. alpinum (Schur) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2: 155 (1889)

= Galium verosimile Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 234 (1818)

= Galium verum lusus glabrum Regel & Herder; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 40(1): 9 (1867)

= Galium verum lusus hispidulum Regel & Herder; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 40(1): 9 (1867)

= Galium verum lusus tomentosum (C.A.Mey.) Regel & Herder; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 40(1): 10 (1867)

= Galium verum f. album H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 10: 368 (1934)

= Galium verum f. album Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 15: 343 (1939), nom. illeg.

= Galium verum f. angustifolium Wallr.; Sched. Crit. 56 (1822)

= Galium verum f. bracteolatum Sennen; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 74: 374 (1927)

= Galium verum f. crebrifolium Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 7 (1903)

= Galium verum f. gironei Sennen; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 74: 374 (1927), nomen

= Galium verum f. hispidulum Caball.; Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 2: 240 (1942)

= Galium verum f. intermedium (Nakai) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 34: 51 (1920)

= Galium verum f. latifolium Wallr.; Sched. Crit. 56 (1822)

= Galium verum f. luteolum Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 5(11): 47 (1928)

= Galium verum f. puberulum Serg.; Trudy Biol. Nauchno-Issl. Inst. Tomsk. Gosud. Univ. 2: 68 (1936)

= Galium verum f. setulosum (H.Lindb.) Cajander; Suom. Kasvio (Cajander), ed. 5: 534 (1906)

= Galium verum f. souliei Sennen; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 74: 374 (1927)

= Galium verum f. subpubescens Serg.; Trudy Biol. Nauchno-Issl. Inst. Tomsk. Gosud. Univ. 2: 68 (1936)

= Galium verum f. tomentosum (C.A.Mey.) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 34: 50 (1920)

= Galium verum f. trichanthum Ancev; Dokl. Bulg. Akad. Nauk 28: 1535 (1975)

= Galium verum f. virens Pau; Not. Bot. Fl. Españ. 6: 58 (1895)

= Galium verum subsp. leiophyllum (Wallr.) Schübl. & G.Martens; 101 (1834)

= Galium verum subsp. maritimum (DC.) Adema; Gorteria 10: 156 (1981)

= Galium verum subsp. ochroleucum Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 328 (1879)

= Galium verum subsp. pamiroalaicum (Pobed.) Kamelin; Fl. Ushchel. Reki Varzob 282 (2021)

= Galium verum subsp. praecox Rech.f.; (1943) (non (Láng) Hayek 1930)

= Galium verum var. albidum Hartm.; Handb. Skand. Fl., ed. 10: 39 (1870)

= Galium verum var. asparagifolium Rchb.; 210 (1832)

= Galium verum var. compactum Touss. & Hoschedé; Fl. Vernon 188 (1898)

= Galium verum var. depressum Briq. & Cavill.; Burnat, Fl. Alpes Marit. 5(2): 126 (1915)

= Galium verum var. lasiocarpum Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 13 (1903), nom. illeg.

= Galium verum var. leiophyllum Wallr.; Sched. Crit. 56 (1822)

= Galium verum var. littorale Bréb.; Fl. Normandie, ed. 3: 138 (1859)

= Galium verum var. luteum (Lam.) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 34: 49 (1920)

= Galium verum var. luteum H.Mart.; 28 (1817)

= Galium verum var. luteum Syme; 214 (1865)

= Galium verum var. maritimum DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 4: 248 (1805)

= Galium verum var. pallidiflorum F.Gérard; Magn. Fl. Sel. 2749 (1894)

= Galium verum var. pallidum Celak.; Prodr. Fl. Böhmen 2: 277 (1872)

= Galium verum var. pallidum Jess.; Deut. Excursions-Fl. 84 (1879), nom. illeg.

= Galium verum var. planifolium Jess.; Deut. Excursions-Fl. 84 (1879)

= Galium verum var. praecox Láng ex Hagenb.; Tent. Fl. Basil., Suppl. 26 (1843)

= Galium verum var. praecox Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 15: 343 (1939), nom. illeg.

= Galium verum var. pseudolittorale Caball.; Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 2: 240 (1942)

= Galium verum var. pubescens Guss.; Fl. Sicul. Prodr. 1: 171 (1827)

= Galium verum var. subulatum Tinant; Fl. Luxemb. 88 (1836)

= Galium verum var. supinum Tinant; Fl. Luxemb. 88 (1836)

= Galium verum var. tomentosum C.A.Mey.; Verz. Pfl. Casp. Meer. 54 (1831)

= Galium verum var. trachycaulis Trautv. & C.A.Mey.; Middend., Reise Sibir. 1(2

= Galium verum var. verosimile (Roem. & Schult.) Garcke; 217 (1848)

= Galium verum var. verosimile (Roem. & Schult.) H.Lindb.; Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn., Ser. B, Opera Biol. 1(2): 146 (1932)

= Galium verum var. vulgare Hartm.; Handb. Skand. Fl. 74 (1820)

= Galium wettsteinii Ullep.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 43: 421 (1893)

= Galium ×ochroleucum var. approximatum (Gren.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 21 (1903)

= Rubia vera (L.) Baill.; Hist. Pl. 7: 372 (1880)

variant :

var. trachyphyllum Wallr.; Sched. Crit. Pl. Fl. Halensis 56 (1822)

Distribution: China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Hebei, Shanxi, Shanxi, Ningxia, Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, Sichuan); North Korea; South Korea

36 CHI 38 KOR NKO

subspecies :

subsp. asiaticum (Nakai) T.Yamaz.; Fl. Japan, 3a: 240 (1993)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Primorye); China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Hebei, Shanxi, Shanxi, Gansu, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Henan, Hubei, Sichuan); North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Alaska; Aleutes

31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO 70 ASK

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium lacteum (Maxim.) Pobed.; Fl. URSS 23: 718 (1958)

= Galium verum f. lacteum (Maxim.) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 34: 50 (1920)

= Galium verum var. asiaticum Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 15: 344 (1939)

= Galium verum var. intermedium Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 15: 343 (1939)

= Galium verum var. japonalpinum Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 15: 343 (1939)

variant :

var. hallaensis K.S.Jeong & K.Choi; Phytotaxa 302(1): 95 (2017)

Distribution: South Korea

38 KOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium pusillum Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 29: 4 (1915)

= Galium verum var. hallasanense M.Kim; Korean Endemic Pl. 312 (2017)

variant :

var. lacteum Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Petersb. 19: 283 (1874)

Distribution: China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu); North Korea; South Korea; Japan

36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO

variant :

var. nikkoense Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 15: 347 (1939)

Distribution: China (Shandong); Japan

36 CHI 38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium verum f. nikkoense (Nakai) Ohwi; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 33: 86 (1953)

subspecies :

subsp. glabrescens Ehrend.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 127(4): 304 (1977)

Distribution: SC-Turkey; NE-Iraq; N-Iraq; NW-Iran; Lebanon; Syria

34 IRN IRQ LEB SYR TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium glabrescens (Ehrend.) Mikheev; Bot. Zhurn., 77(10): 71 (1992) (non G. glabrescens Dempster & Ehrend. 1965)

= Galium bassitense Thunb.; Mém. Inst. Egypt 40: 191 (1940)

subspecies :

subsp. meridionale F.M.Vázquez & Crystal; Folia Bot. Extremadur. 12: 161 (2018)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

species :

Galium vile (Cham. & Schltdl.) Dempster; Allertonia 5: 296 (1990)

Distribution: Uruguay (Cerro Largo, Colonia, Flores Prov., Florida Prov., Lavalleja, Maldonado, Montevideo, Paysandu, Rocha, Soriano); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Misiones, Tucuman)

85 ARG URU

Synonyms: hidden

= Relbunium vile (Cham. & Schltdl.) K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 116 (1889)

= Relbunium vile var. tenuior K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 410 (1889)

= Rubia vilis Cham. & Schltdl.; Linnaea 3: 230 (1828)

species :

Galium virgatum Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray; Fl. N. Am. 2: 20 (1841)

Name: Southwestern bedstraw

Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Illinois, Kansas, Louisiana, Missouri, Mississippi, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas)

74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium nutans Nutt.; J. Torr. & A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 2: 20 (1841)

= Galium texanum Scheele; Linnaea 21: 597 (1848)

= Galium virgatum var. leiocarpum Torr. & A.Gray; Fl. N. Amer. 2: 20 (1841)

species :

Galium viridiflorum Boiss. & Reut.; Pugillus 51 (1852)

Distribution: SW-Spain (Granada, Ronda); ?Morocco

12 SPA

species :

Galium viscosum Vahl; Symb. Bot. [Vahl] 2: 29 (1791)

subspecies :

subsp. viscosum

Distribution: S-Portugal; S-Spain; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia

12 POR SPA 20 ALG MOR TUN

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium agglomeratum Poir.; Encycl. [J. Lamarck et al.] Suppl. 2: 690 (1812)

= Galium campestre Schousb. ex Willd.; Enum. Pl. [Willdenow] 152 (1809)

= Galium gibraltaricum Schott; Isis (Oken) 21: 821 (1828)

= Galium glomeratum Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 1: 128 (1798)

= Galium glomeratum var. campestre (Schousb. ex Willd.) Ball; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 487 (1878)

= Galium viscosum var. campestre (Schousb. ex Willd.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 331 (1879)

= Galium viscosum var. gibraltaricum (Schott) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 16: 34 (1925)

= Galium viscosum var. glomeratum (Desf.) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 16: 34 (1925)

subspecies :

subsp. bovei (Boiss. & Reut.) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 16: 34 (1925)

Distribution: Morocco; Algeria

20 ALG MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium bovei Boiss. & Reut.; Pugill. Pl. Afr. Bor. Hispan. 50 (1852)

= Galium bovei var. hesperium Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 16: 32 (1925)

= Galium glomeratum var. bovei (Boiss. & Reut.) Pau; Font Quer, Exsicc. (Iter Marocc.) 1928: no. 612 (1928)

= Galium viscosum var. bovei (Boiss. & Reut.) Font Quer; Cavanillesia 1: 77 (1928)

= Galium viscosum var. hesperium (Maire) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 16: 34 (1925)

subspecies :

subsp. rifanum (Emb. & Maire) Maire; Cavanillesia 2: 172 (1939)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium rifanum Emb. & Maire; Mem. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc, No. 17, 49 (1927)

= Galium rifanum var. flavovirens Emb. & Maire; Pl. Marocc. Nov. 3: 4 (1930)

= Galium viscosum var. flavovirens (Emb. & Maire) Maire; Jahand. et al., Cat. Pl. Maroc 3: 715 (1934)

species :

Galium volcanense Dempster; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 64: 27 (1973)

Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur)

79 MEX

species :

Galium volhynicum Pobed.; Nov. Syst. Pl. Vasc. (Leningrad) 7: 278 (1971), nom. nov.

Name: Wolhynisches Labkraut

Distribution: Serbia; Romania; Bulgaria; Moldova; C-Ukraine

13 BUL ROM SRB 14 MLD UKR

Synonyms: hidden

= Asperula galioides subsp. tyraica (Besser) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 332 (1879)

= Asperula tyraica Besser; Enum. Pl. Volh. 41 (1821)

species :

Galium watsonii (A.Gray) A.Heller; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 627 (1898)

Name: Watson´s bedstraw

Distribution: USA (California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington State)

73 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium multiflorum var. watsonii A.Gray; Syn. Fl. 40 (1894)

= Galium hypotrichium subsp. utahense Ehrend.; Contr. Dudley Herb. 5: 12 (1956)

species :

Galium weberbaueri K.Krause; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 40: 349 (1908)

Distribution: Peru

83 PER

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium andicolum K.Krause; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 40: 350 (1908)

= Galium limense Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 4: 298 (1929)

species :

Galium wendelboi Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 174(3-4): 209 (1991)

Distribution: N-Iran

34 IRN

species :

Galium werdermannii Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 8: 398 (1931)

Distribution: Peru; Chile (Biobío, Araucanía)

83 PER 85 CLE

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium closianum Briq.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 11 & 12: 191 (1908)

= Galium hypnoides Clos; Fl. Chil. [Gay] 3: 183 (1848)

species :

Galium wigginsii Dempster; Brittonia 22: 188 (1970)

Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Norte)

79 MEX

species :

Galium wirtgenii F.W.Schultz; Arch. Fl. 201 (1855)

Name: Wirtgen-Labkraut, Wirtgen´s bedstraw (EN)

Distribution: Germany (Brandenburg, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern [I], Niedersachsen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein [I], Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; France; Slovenia; Albania; European Russia; Ukraine; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia [I], Yakutia); Mongolia; Canada [I] (Québec [I]); USA [I] (Connecticut [I], Indiana [I], Massachusetts [I], Maine [I], Michigan [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], Pennsylvania [I], Vermont [I])

11 AUT CZE GER HUN LIE POL SLO SWI 12 FRA 13 ALB SLV 14 RUS UKR 30 SIB 37 MON 72 cdn 75 usa

Remarks: verum agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium hypanicum Klokov; Fl. URSR 10: 467 (1961)

= Galium praecox (K.H.Lang) A.Kern.; Sched. Fl. Austro-Hung. 6: 78 (1893)

= Galium vernum var. wirtgenii (F.W.Schultz) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 328 (1879)

= Galium verum subsp. praecox (K.H.Lang) Petr.; 21 (1910)

= Galium verum subsp. wirtgenii (F.W.Schultz) Oborný; Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn 23(2): 735 (1885)

= Galium verum var. praecox K.H.Láng ex Hagenb.; Tent. Fl. Basil., Suppl. 26 (1843)

= Galium verum var. wirtgenii (F.W.Schultz) Celak.; 118 (1870)

species :

Galium wrightii A.Gray; Pl. Wright. [A.Gray] 1: 80 (1852)

Name: Wright´s bedstraw

Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, New Mexico, Nevada, Texas, Utah); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Sonora)

76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium frankliniense Correll; Madroño 19: 191 (1968)

= Galium rothrockii A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 17: 203 (1881 publ. 1882)

= Galium wrightii var. latifolium B.L.Rob. & Fernald; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 30: 116 (1894)

= Galium wrightii var. rothrockii (A.Gray) Ehrend. ex Ferris; Contr. Dudley Herb. 5: 99 (1958)

species :

8: 22 (1903)

Distribution: France

12 FRA

Remarks: Galium glaucum x G. mollugo

Synonyms: hidden

= xAsperugalium fictum (E.G.Camus) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 883 (1938)

species :

Galium xeroticum (Klokov) Pobed.; Nov. Syst. Pl. Vasc. (Leningrad) 7: 278 (1971)

Distribution: Crimea

14 KRY

Synonyms: hidden

= Asperula xerotica Klokov; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 18: 228 (1957)

= Galium biebersteinii Ehrend.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 124: 174 (1975)

= Galium xeroticum (Klokov) Soó; Feddes Repert. 83(3): 168 (1972), isonym

species :

Galium xylorrhizum Boiss. & A.Huet; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 2, 2: 115 (1856)

Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Turkey (E-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia)

33 GEO 34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium leiophyllum var. stenophyllum Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 3: 51 (1875)

= Galium praemontanum var. armazicum Mardal.; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 70: 265 (1985)

species :

Galium yunnanense H.Hara & C.Y.Wu; J. Jap. Bot. 61(3): 74 (1986)

Distribution: China (Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium elegans var. angustifolium Cufod.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 89: 230 (1940)

= Galium elegans var. nemorosum Cufod.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 89: 230 (1940)

species :

Galium zabense Ehrend.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37: 255 (1979)

Distribution: Turkey (SE-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Galium ×albertii Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 10 (1903)

Distribution: France

12 FRA

Remarks: Galium boreale x G. verum

species :

Galium ×barcinonense Sennen; Bol. Soc. Iber. Ci. Nat. 27: 181 (1928 publ. 1929)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Galium lucidum x G. maritimum

species :

Galium ×buekkense Huljak; Magyar Bot. Lapok 26: 24 (1927 publ. 1928)

Distribution: Hungary

11 HUN

Remarks: Galium abaujense x G. vernum

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium ×huljakii Jáv.; Magyar Bot. Lapok 26: 24 (1927 publ. 1928)

species :

Galium ×carmineum Beauverd; Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève Ser. 2, 27: 92 (1937)

Distribution: Switzerland; Austria; France; Italy; Slovenia

11 AUT SWI 12 FRA 13 ITA SLV

Remarks: rubrum agg., Galium anisophyllon x (x) centroniae

species :

Galium ×centroniae Cariot; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 6: 13 (1879)

Distribution: Switzerland; Austria; France; Italy; Slovenia (Alps)

11 AUT SWI 12 FRA 13 ITA SLV

Remarks: rubrum agg., Galium pumilum x rubrum

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium obliquum var. centroniae (Cariot) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2: 152 (1889)

= Galium rubrum var. centroniae (Cariot) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 27 (1903)

species :

Galium ×digeneum A.Kern.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 26: 118 (1876)

Distribution: Germany (Brandenburg, Thüringen); Austria; etc.

11 AUT GER

Remarks: Galium album x glaucum

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium ×baumgartneri Beck; Fl. Nieder-Österreich 2(2): 1124 (1893)

species :

Galium ×effulgens Beck; Fl. Nied. Österr. 2(2): 1124 (1893)

Distribution: Austria; Spain

11 AUT 12 SPA

Remarks: Galium lucidum x G. verum

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium ×paui Sennen; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 73: 651 (1926 publ. 1927)

species :

Galium ×fictum Camus

Distribution:

species :

Galium ×himmelbaurianum (Ronniger) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 12: 117 (1966)

Distribution: Bulgaria; Ukraine

13 BUL 14 UKR

Remarks: Galium humifusum x G. verum

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium ×jubilaeare Ostapko; Indust. Bot. 20: 5 (2020)

= Galium ×raisiae Ostapko; Ukrayins´k. Bot. Zhurn. 50(6): 61 (1993)

= xGaliasperula himmelbauriana Ronniger; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 29: 143 (1931)

species :

Galium ×hungaricum A.Kern.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 26: 119 (1876)

Distribution: Hungary

11 HUN

Remarks: Galium mollugo x G. schultesii

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium ×gyoerffyi Hulják; Magyar Bot. Lapok 25: 268 (1926 publ. 1927)

species :

Galium ×huteri A.Kern.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 26: 119 (1876)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

Remarks: Galium laevigatum x G. lucidum

species :

Galium ×jansenii Kloos; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. Versl., 424 (1929 publ. 1930)

Distribution: S-Germany

11 GER

Remarks: Galium sylvaticum x G. mollugo

species :

Galium ×jarynae Wolosz.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 37: 227 (1887)

Distribution: Spain; France

12 FRA SPA

Remarks: Galium aristatum x G. mollugo

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium ×elegans Blocki; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 42: 350 (1892), nomen

= Galium ×honoratae Blocki; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 43: 108 (1893), nomen

species :

Galium ×kondratjukii Ostapko; Ukrayins´k. Bot. Zhurn. 50(6): 60 (1993)

Distribution: Ukraine

14 UKR

Remarks: Galium cincinnatum x G. tomentosum

species :

Galium ×lanulosum Ostapko; Ukrayins´k. Bot. Zhurn. 50(6): 62 (1993)

Distribution: Ukraine

14 UKR

Remarks: Galium humifusum x G. tomentosum

species :

Galium ×lindbergii Giraudias; Bull. Assoc. Pyren. Echange Pl. 15: 13 (1905), Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. viii.32

Distribution: Spain; France

12 FRA SPA

species :

Galium ×mutabile Besser; Enum. Pl. [Willdenow] 42 (1821)

Distribution: Belgium; Germany; Hungary; France; Romania; European Russia; Ukraine; Siberia (W-Siberia)

11 BGM GER HUN 12 FRA 13 ROM 14 RUS UKR 30 SIB

Remarks: Galium mollugo L. x Galium verum

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium ×aberrans Beck; Fl. Nieder-Österreich 2(2): 1123 (1893)

= Galium ×depauperatum J.Schust.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 2: 96 (1906)

= Galium ×eminens Gren.; Fl. France [Grenier] 2: 19 (1850)

= Galium ×intercedens A.Kern.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 20: 326 (1870)

= Galium ×spectabile Beck; Fl. Nieder-Österreich 2(2): 1123 (1893)

species :

Galium ×neglectum Le Gall ex Gren.; Fl. France [Grenier] 2: 22 (1850)

Distribution: Spain; France

12 FRA SPA

Remarks: Galium album x G. arenarium

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium erectum var. dunense Corb.; Nouv. Fl. Normandie 299 (1894)

= Galium mollugo subsp. neglectum (Le Gall ex Gren.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 324 (1879)

= Galium mollugo var. dunense (Corb.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 16 (1903)

= Galium ×neglectum var. dunense (Corb.) Rouy; Bull. Assoc. Franç. Bot. 5: 148 (1902)

= Galium ×simonii Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 385 (1903)

species :

Galium ×pomariorum Vollrath & Breitf.; Ber. Naturwiss. Ges. Bayreuth 27: 275 (2015)

Distribution: Germany (Bayern); etc.

11 GER

Remarks: Galium album x sylvaticum

species :

Galium ×pomeranicum Retz.; Fl. Scand. Prodr. ed. 2, 34 (1795)

Name: Gelblichweißes Labkraut (DE)

Distribution: Iceland; England; Ireland; Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hessen [I], Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland [I], Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; France; Channel Isl.; ?Sardinia; Italy; ?Sicily; Malta; Slovenia; Croatia; Serbia; Kosovo; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Greece; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; W-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Canada [I] (New Brunswick [I]); USA [I] (Connecticut [I], Massachusetts [I], New York [I])

10 DEN FIN GRB ICE IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO CIS FRA POR SPA 13 ALB BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MLT ROM SLV SRB 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT RUS UKR 72 cdn 75 usa

Remarks: Galium album x verum, verum agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium mollugo f. calvifrons Heinr.Braun; 162 (1892)

= Galium mollugo f. decolorans (Gren.) Heinr.Braun; 163 (1892)

= Galium mollugo var. abietinum Heinr.Braun; 162 (1892)

= Galium mollugo var. guillemotii (Corb.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 8 (1903)

= Galium mollugo var. ochroleucum Fr.; Novit. Fl. Svec. 66 (1819)

= Galium ruthenicum f. piliferum H.Lindb.; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 25: 28 (1900)

= Galium verum f. piliferum (H.Lindb.) Cajander; Suom. Kasvio (Cajander), ed. 5: 534 (1906)

= Galium verum subvar. ochroleucum (Fr.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 12 (1903)

= Galium verum var. ochroleucum (J.P.Wolff) Günther, Grab. & Wimm.; 27 (1824)

= Galium verum var. ochroleucum (J.P.Wolff) Ortmann; Glückselig, 85 (1842), isonym

= Galium verum var. ochroleucum Fr.; Novit. Fl. Suec. Alt. 23 (1828)

= Galium ×ambiguum Gren.; Fl. France [Grenier] 2: 20 (1850)

= Galium ×bailletii E.G.Camus; Bull. Soc. Étude Fl. Franc.-Helv. 3: 21 (1900)

= Galium ×ceretanum Sennen; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 73: 652 (1926 publ. 1927)

= Galium ×decolorans Gren.; Fl. France [Grenier] 2: 19 (1850), nom. superfl.

= Galium ×flavum Wallr.; Erst. Beitr. Fl. Hercyn. 178 (1840)

= Galium ×guillemotii Corb.; Nouv. Fl. Normandie 301 (1894)

= Galium ×hillardiae Druce; Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 8: 869 (1928 publ. 1929)

= Galium ×mouretii Sennen; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 47: 433 (1900)

= Galium ×ochroleucum Rochel; Pl. Banat. Rar., index: s.p. (1828), nom. illeg.

= Galium ×ochroleucum subsp. angustifolium Celak.; Prodr. Fl. Böhmen 278 (1871)

= Galium ×ochroleucum subsp. latifolium Celak.; Prodr. Fl. Böhmen 278 (1871)

= Galium ×ochroleucum var. ambiguum (Gren. & Godr.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 20 (1903)

= Galium ×ochroleucum var. approximatum (Gren. & Godr.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 21 (1903)

= Galium ×ochroleucum var. bailletii (E.G.Camus) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 21 (1903)

= Galium ×ochroleucum var. decolorans (Gren. & Godr.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 21 (1903)

= Galium ×ochroleucum var. effugens Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 21 (1903)

= Galium ×ochroleucum var. fallacinum Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 20 (1903)

= Galium ×ochroleucum var. gonsei Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 21 (1903)

= Galium ×ochroleucum var. guillemotii (Corb.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 21 (1903)

= Galium ×ochroleucum var. mouretii (Sennen) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 20 (1903)

= Galium ×ochroleucum var. palatinum Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 21 (1903)

= Galium ×ochroleucum var. pseudocinereum Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 21 (1903)

= Galium ×ochroleucum var. sternbergii Knaf ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 324 (1879), nom. inval.

= Galium ×ochroleucum var. timbalii (Har.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 20 (1903)

= Galium ×ochroleucum Wolf ex Schweigg. & Körte; Fl. Erlang. 36 (1804), nom. illeg.

= Galium ×odessanum Klokov; Fl. URSR 10: 468 (1961)

= Galium ×palatinum F.W.Schultz ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 328 (1879)

= Galium ×pomeranicum nothosubsp. hillardiae (Druce) P.D.Sell; Fl. Great Britain Ireland 4: 530 (2006)

= Galium ×pomeranicum nothovar. guillemotii (Corb.) B.Touss. & Lambinon; Nouv. Fl. Belg., ed. 6: 1061 (2012)

= Galium ×schiedeanum Fisch.-Benz.; Prahl, 114 (1889)

= Galium ×timbalii Har.; Bull. Soc. Étude Fl. Franc.-Helv. 1: 39 (1898)

= Galium ×verocinereum J.Serres; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 2: 223 (1855)

species :

Galium ×pralognense Beauverd; Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève, Ser. II. 19: 356 (1928 publ. 1927)

Distribution: France

12 FRA

Remarks: Galium pumilum x G. verum

species :

Galium ×prolazense Nyár.; Bul. Grad. Bot. Univ. Cluj 15: 55 (1935)

Distribution: Romania

13 ROM

Remarks: Galium album x G. flavescens

species :

Galium ×pseudoboreale Klokov; Fl. URSR 10: 460 (1961)

Distribution: C-European Russia; Ukraine

14 RUS UKR

Remarks: Galium boreale x G. rubioides

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium ×pseudorubioides Klokov; Fl. URSR 10: 460 (1961), nom. illeg.

species :

Galium ×querceticola Wolosz.; Exsicc. (Fl. Polon.) 1896: no. 952 (1896)

Distribution: Poland

11 POL

Remarks: Galium abaujense ssp. polonicum x G. intermedium

species :

Galium ×retzii Bouchard; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 97: 219 (1951)

Distribution: France

12 FRA

Remarks: Galium papillosum x G. verum

species :

Galium ×schmidelyi Chenevard & F.O.Wolf; Bull. Trav. Soc. Bot. Genève 9: 130 (1903)

Distribution: France

12 FRA

Remarks: Galium mollugo x G. rubrum

species :

Galium ×schneebergense Ronniger; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 71: 49 (1922)

Distribution: Austria

11 AUT

Remarks: Galium anisophyllon x G. meliodorum

species :

Galium ×viciosorum Sennen & Pau; Bull. Géogr. Bot. 24: 241 (1914)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Galium maritimum x C. verum

Synonyms: hidden

= Galium ×delaribae Sennen & Gonzalo; Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.) 1925: 5479 (1925)

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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 24.12 (December 15th, 2024)

Covering 355,703 accepted species,
8,716 hybrids, 47,863 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,001,068 synonyms,
in total 1,413,410* names

[about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus*" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life

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How to Cite:

Search

+ Family

Filter

Order

Family (5)

Genus (606)

Display options

A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 24.12 (December 15th, 2024)

Covering 355,703 accepted species, 8,716 hybrids, 47,863 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,001,068 synonyms, in total 1,413,410* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life

Covering 355,703 accepted species,
8,716 hybrids, 47,863 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,001,068 synonyms,
in total 1,413,410* names

[about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus*" are deliberately omitted]