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437.0000 Family Ericaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 159 (1789), nom. cons.
127 genera, ca. 4500 spp. The inclusion of Empetraceae, Pyrolaceae, Epacridaceae and Monotropaceae follows conclusive molecular evidence.
Species listed in database: 4571; hybrids: 125
= Andromedaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 428 (1843)
= Arbutaceae Bromhead; Mag. Nat. Hist. 4: 337, 338 (1840)
= Arctostaphylaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 106 (1858)
= Azaleaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 272, 294 (1818)
= Diplarchaceae Klotzsch; Allg. Deutsche Naturhist. Zeitung 3: 230 (1857)
= Empetraceae Hook. & Lindl.; Fl. Scot. 297 (1821), nom. cons.
= Epacridaceae R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 535 (1810), nom. cons.
= Hypopityaceae Klotzsch; Linnaea 24: 11 (1851)
= Ledaceae J.F.Gmel.; Allg. Gesch. Pflanzengifte, ed. 2: 404 (1803)
= Menziesiaceae Klotzsch; Linnaea 24: 11 (1851)
= Monotropaceae Nutt.; Gen. N. Amer. Pl. [Nuttall] 1: 272 (1818), nom. cons.
= Oxycoccaceae A.Kern.; Pflanzenleben 2: 713, 714 (1891)
= Prionotaceae Hutch.; Evol. Phylogeny Fl. Pl. 306 (1969)
= Pyrolaceae Lindl.; Syn. Brit. Fl. 175 (1829), nom. cons.
= Rhododendraceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 158 (1789)
= Rhodoraceae Vent.; Tabl. Règn. Vég. 2: 449 (1799)
= Salaxidaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 104 (1858)
= Salazariaceae F.A.Barkley; Phytologia 32: 304 (1975)
= Stypheliaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat. 72 (1834)
= Vacciniaceae DC. ex Perleb; Vers. Arzneikr. Pfl. 228 (1818), nom. cons.
437.1001 Genus Enkianthus Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 276 (1790)
Distribution: Himalayas, China (10), Japan (6)
Species listed in database: 13
= Bodinieriella H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 101 (1913)
= Meisteria Siebold & Zucc.; Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 4(3): 127 (1846)
= Melidora Noronha ex Salisb.; Trans. Hort. Soc. London 2: 156 (1817)
= Tritomodon Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 21(1): 548 (1848)
species :
Enkianthus campanulatus (Miq.) G.Nicholson; Ill. Dict. Gard. 1: 510 (1885)
Distribution: South Korea [I]; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku)
38 JAP kor
Synonyms: hidden
= Andromeda campanulata Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 81 (1863)
= Enkianthus campanulatus f. albiflorus (Makino) Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 5: 26 (1928)
= Enkianthus campanulatus f. lutescens Yokouchi ex T.Shimizu; Fl. Nagano Pref. 1508 (1997)
= Enkianthus campanulatus var. albiflorus Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 1: 10 (1916)
= Enkianthus kikuchi-masaoi Mochizuki; J. Geobot. 17: 38 (1969)
= Enkianthus latiflorus Craib; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 11: 156 (1919)
= Enkianthus pallidiflorus Craib; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 11: 157 (1919)
= Enkianthus pendulus Craib; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 11: 158 (1919)
= Enkianthus recurvus Craib; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 11: 159 (1919)
= Enkianthus tectus Craib; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 11: 161 (1919)
= Meisteria campanulata (Miq.) Nakai; Trees Shrubs Japan 137 (1922)
= Meisteria campanulata var. albiflora (Makino) Nakai; Trees Shrubs Japan 139 (1922)
= Tritomodon campanulatus (Miq.) Maek. ex H.Hara; Enum. Spermatophytarum Japon. 1: 60 (1948)
variant :
var. longilobus (Nakai) Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 5: 26 (1928)
Distribution: Japan (Kyushu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Enkianthus campanulatus subsp. longilobus (Nakai) Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 25(2-3): 36 (1972)
= Enkianthus longilobus (Nakai) Ohwi; Fl. Jap. [Ohwi] 903 (1953), sine relat. loc.
= Meisteria longiloba Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 40: 574 (1926)
= Tritomodon longilobus (Nakai) Honda; Nom. Pl. Japonic. 521 (1939)
variant :
var. palibinii (Craib) Bean; Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isles, ed. 4, 1: 512 (1925)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Enkianthus campanulatus var. rubicundus (Matsum. & Nakai) Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 5: 26 (1928)
= Enkianthus ferrugineus Craib; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 11: 155 (1919)
= Enkianthus palibinii Craib; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 11: 157 (1919)
= Enkianthus rubicundus Matsum. & Nakai; Index Sem. (Tokyo) 1915-6, 24 (1916)
= Meisteria rubicunda (Matsum. & Nakai) Nakai; Trees Shrubs Japan 139 (1922)
= Tritomodon rubicundus (Matsum. & Nakai) Honda; Nom. Pl. Japonic. 521 (1939)
species :
Enkianthus cernuus (Siebold & Zucc.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 8: (214) (1894)
Distribution: Japan (Shikoku, Kyushu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Andromeda cernua (Siebold & Zucc.) Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 31 (1863)
= Enkianthus meisteria Maxim.; Mélanges Biol. Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg 12: 742 (1890)
= Enkianthus nipponicus Palib.; Bot. Zap. 15: 11 (1897)
= Meisteria cernua Siebold & Zucc.; Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 4(3): 127 (1846)
= Tritomodon cernuus (Siebold & Zucc.) Honda; Siebold Kentyu 572 (1938)
= Tritomodon japonicus Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 21(1): 585 (1848)
form :
f. ex Makino f.rubens (Maxim.) Ohwi; Fl. Jap. [Ohwi] 904 (1953)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Andromeda cernua var. rubens Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 3, 18: 50 (1872)
= Enkianthus cernuus var. matsudae (Komatsu) Makino; Yagai-Shokub.-Dzufu 295 (1941)
= Enkianthus cernuus var. rubens (Maxim.) Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 8: (214) (1894)
= Enkianthus matsudae Komatsu; Icon. Pl. Koisikav. 1: 65, t. 33 (1912)
= Meisteria cernua var. rubens (Maxim.) Nakai; Trees Shrubs Japan 142 (1922)
= Meisteria matsudae (Komatsu) Nakai; Trees Shrubs Japan 144 (1922)
= Tritomodon matsudae (Komatsu) Maek.; Nat. Sci. Mus. 7: 21 (1936)
species :
Enkianthus chinensis Franch.; J. Bot. [Morot] 9(20): 371 (1895)
Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, ?Guangdong, Guizhou, Guangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, ?Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Myanmar (Kachin)
36 CHI 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Bodinierella cavaleriei H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12(312-316): 101 (1913)
= Enkianthus brachyphyllus Franch.; J. Bot. [Morot] 9(20): 371-372 (1895)
= Enkianthus cerasiflorus (H.Lév.) H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 448 (1911)
= Enkianthus himalaicus var. chinensis (Franch.) Diels; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29: 508 (1900)
= Enkianthus leveilleanus Craib; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 11(54): 168 (1919)
= Enkianthus rosthornii Diels; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29(3-4): 509 (1900)
= Enkianthus sinohimalaicus Craib; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 11(52-53): 160 (1919)
= Zenobia cerasiflora H.Lév.; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 12: 253 (1903)
species :
Enkianthus deflexus (Griff.) C.K.Schneid.; Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. [C.K.Schneider] 2: 521, f. 340, c-e and 431, i-n (1909)
Distribution: China (Guizhou, Guangdong, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, West Bengal, Chumbi); Myanmar (Kachin)
36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Enkianthus deflexus var. variegatus (Forrest) Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 18: 18 (1933)
= Enkianthus himalaicus Hook.f. & Thomson; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 7: 126 (1855)
= Enkianthus indicus Debta & H.J.Chowdhery; J. Non-Timber Forest Prod. 16(2): 173 (2009)
= Enkianthus sulcatus Craib; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 11(52-53): 160-161 (1919)
= Enkianthus variegatus Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 14(69-70): 278 (1924)
= Meisteria deflexa (Griff.) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 38: 39 (1924)
= Rhodora deflexa Griff.; Itin. Pl. Khasyah Mts. 187 (1848)
variant :
var. acuminatus S.Panda & Sanjappa; Indian J. Forest. 29(3): 277 (2006)
Distribution: India (Sikkim)
40 IND
variant :
var. glabrescens R.C.Fang; Novon 9(2): 162 (1999)
Distribution: China (S-Gansu)
36 CHI
species :
Enkianthus nudipes (Honda) Ueno; J. Inst. Polytechn. Osaka City Univ., Ser. D, Biol. 1: 61 (1950), reimpr.
Distribution: Japan (Honshu, Shikoku)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Enkianthus subsessilis subsp. nudipes (Honda) Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 25(2-3): 36 (1972)
= Meisteria nudipes Honda; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 42: 508 (1928)
= Tritomodon nudipes (Honda) Honda; Nom. Pl. Japonic. 521 (1939)
species :
Enkianthus pauciflorus E.H.Wilson; Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 41: 363 (1907)
Distribution: China (Sichuan, Yunnan); Myanmar (Kachin, Sagaing)
36 CHI 41 MYA
species :
Enkianthus perulatus (Miq.) C.K.Schneid.; Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. [C.K.Schneider] 2: 520 (1911)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Taiwan
38 JAP TAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Andromeda perulata Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 31 (1863)
= Enkianthus calophyllus T.Z.Hsu; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 7(2): 151 (1985) (fide Liang et al. 2022)
= Enkianthus japonicus Hook.f.; Bot. Mag. 96: t. 5822 (1870)
= Enkianthus perulatus f. japonicus (Hook.f.) Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 25: 36 (1972)
= Enkianthus perulatus var. japonicus (Hook.f.) Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 12: 896 (1936)
= Enkianthus perulatus var. taiwanianus (S.S.Ying) Y.C.Liu
= Enkianthus taiwanianus S.S.Ying; Quart. J. Chin. Forest. 9(4): 145, f. 2 (1976)
species :
Enkianthus quinqueflorus Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 1: 277 (1790)
Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan); Laos; Vietnam
36 CHI 41 LAO VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Enkianthus cavaleriei H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9(222-226): 448 (1911)
= Enkianthus dunnii H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9(222-226): 448 (1911)
= Enkianthus quinqueflorus var. ciliatoserrulatus P.C.Huang & K.M.Li; J. Nanjing Forest. Univ. 13(4): 88 (1989)
= Enkianthus reticulatus Lindl.; Bot. Reg. t. 885 (1825)
= Enkianthus uniflorus Benth.; London J. Bot. 1: 489 (1842)
= Enkianthus xantoxanthus H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 448 (1911)
= Melidora pellucida Noronha ex Salisb.; Trans. Hort. Soc. London 2: 156 (1817)
= Rhododendron honbanianum A.Chev. ex Dop; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 3: 744 (1930)
species :
Enkianthus ruber Dop; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 3: 724 (1930)
Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan); Vietnam
36 CHI 41 VIE
species :
Enkianthus serotinus Chun & W.P.Fang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 6(2): 166-167 pl. 39, f. 1 (1957)
Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Enkianthus tubulatus P.C.Tam; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 6(4): 125-126 (1986)
species :
Enkianthus serrulatus (E.H.Wilson) C.K.Schneid.; Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. [C.K.Schneider] 2: 519 (1911)
Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Vietnam
36 CHI 41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Enkianthus hirtinervus M.Y.Fang; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 5(1): 165-167, pl. 1 (1985)
= Enkianthus quinqueflorus var. serrulatus E.H.Wilson; Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 41: 344 (1907)
= Enkianthus serrulatus var. hirtinervus (M.Y.Fang) T.Z.Hsu; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 57(3): 15 (1991)
= Enkianthus serrulatus var. sichuanensis (T.Z.Hsu) R.C.Fang; Novon 9(2): 162 (1999)
= Enkianthus sichuanensis T.Z.Hsu; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 4(4): 358-359, f. 1 (1982)
species :
Enkianthus sikokianus (Palib.) Ohwi; Fl. Jap. [Ohwi] 903 (1953), sine relat. loc.; Ohwi in Bull. Nat. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, No.33, 82 (1953), cum loc.
Distribution: Japan (Honshu, Shikoku)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Enkianthus campanulatus f. sikokianus (Palib.) Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 5: 26 (1928)
= Enkianthus campanulatus var. sikokianus Palib.; Bot. Zap. 15: 14 (1897)
= Meisteria sikokiana (Palib.) Nakai; Trees Shrubs Japan 140 (1922)
= Tritomodon sikokianus (Palib.) Honda; Nom. Pl. Japonic. 521 (1939)
species :
Enkianthus subsessilis (Miq.) Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 8: 215 (1894)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Andromeda nikoensis Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 3, 32: 496 (1888)
= Andromeda subsessilis Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 32 (1863)
= Enkianthus nikoensis (Miq.) Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 8: 215 (1894)
= Meisteria subsessilis (Miq.) Nakai; Trees Shrubs Japan 136 (1922)
= Tritomodon subsessilis (Miq.) Maek.; Nat. Sci. Mus. 7: 21 (1936)
variant :
var. angustifolia H.Hatta & K.Yoshida; Ann. Tsukuba Bot. Gard. 8: 11 (1989)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Enkianthus subsessilis f. angustifolius (H.Hatta & K.Yoshida) H.Hotta ex Yamaz.; Fl. Jap. [Iwatsuki et al., eds.] 3a: 47 (1993)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
in total 1,416,144* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life