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437.0000 Family Ericaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 159 (1789), nom. cons.
127 genera, ca. 4500 spp. The inclusion of Empetraceae, Pyrolaceae, Epacridaceae and Monotropaceae follows conclusive molecular evidence.
Species listed in database: 4569; hybrids: 125
= Andromedaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 428 (1843)
= Arbutaceae Bromhead; Mag. Nat. Hist. 4: 337, 338 (1840)
= Arctostaphylaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 106 (1858)
= Azaleaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 272, 294 (1818)
= Diplarchaceae Klotzsch; Allg. Deutsche Naturhist. Zeitung 3: 230 (1857)
= Empetraceae Hook. & Lindl.; Fl. Scot. 297 (1821), nom. cons.
= Epacridaceae R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 535 (1810), nom. cons.
= Hypopityaceae Klotzsch; Linnaea 24: 11 (1851)
= Ledaceae J.F.Gmel.; Allg. Gesch. Pflanzengifte, ed. 2: 404 (1803)
= Menziesiaceae Klotzsch; Linnaea 24: 11 (1851)
= Monotropaceae Nutt.; Gen. N. Amer. Pl. [Nuttall] 1: 272 (1818), nom. cons.
= Oxycoccaceae A.Kern.; Pflanzenleben 2: 713, 714 (1891)
= Prionotaceae Hutch.; Evol. Phylogeny Fl. Pl. 306 (1969)
= Pyrolaceae Lindl.; Syn. Brit. Fl. 175 (1829), nom. cons.
= Rhododendraceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 158 (1789)
= Rhodoraceae Vent.; Tabl. Règn. Vég. 2: 449 (1799)
= Salaxidaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 104 (1858)
= Salazariaceae F.A.Barkley; Phytologia 32: 304 (1975)
= Stypheliaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat. 72 (1834)
= Vacciniaceae DC. ex Perleb; Vers. Arzneikr. Pfl. 228 (1818), nom. cons.
437.5403 Genus Empetrum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 1022 (1753)
Distribution: arctic and temp. hemisphere, temp. S-America, Falkland Isl., Tristan da Cunha; Russia (N-areas)
Species listed in database: 5
= Chamaetaxus Bubani; Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 1: 118 (1897)
species :
Empetrum atropurpureum Fernald & Wiegand; Rhodora 15: 214 (1913)
Name: Purple crowberry
Distribution: Canada (Labrador, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Isl., Québec); USA (Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New York, Vermont)
72 CDN 75 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Empetrum eamesii subsp. atropurpureum (Fernald & Wiegand) D.Löve; Rhodora 62: 288 (1960)
= Empetrum nigrum var. atropurpureum (Fernald & Wiegand) B.Boivin; Naturaliste Canad. 93: 433 (1966)
= Empetrum nigrum var. purpureum (Raf.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(1): 26 (1869)
= Empetrum rubrum var. atropurpureum (Fernald & Wiegand) R.D.Good; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 47: 519 (1927)
species :
Empetrum eamesii Fernald & Wiegand; Rhodora 15: 215 (1913)
Name: Purple crowberry
Distribution: Canada (Labrador, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Isl., Québec)
72 CDN
Synonyms: hidden
= Empetrum nigrum var. eamesii (Fernald & Wiegand) B.Boivin; Naturaliste Canad. 93: 433 (1966)
= Empetrum rubrum subsp. eamesii (Fernald & Wiegand) R.D.Good; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 47: 519 (1927)
= Empetrum rubrum var. eamesii (Fernald & Wiegand) Cronquist; Man. Vasc. Pl. NorthE. U.S. Canad., ed. 2: 864 (1991)
species :
Empetrum hermaphroditum Hagerup; Dansk Bot. Ark. 5: No. 2, 1 (1927)
Name: Zwittrige Krähenbeere (DE), Mountain Crowberry (EN)
Distribution: Jan Mayen; England (N-England, NW-Wales, Scotland, Outer Hebrides); Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Czech Republic; Slovakia; N-Spain (Pyrenees); Andorra; France; Italy; Slovenia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Estonia (Gulf of Finland Isl.); European Russia; Turkey (NE-Anatolia); Alaska; Greenland; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Labrador, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Northern Territories, Nunavut, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Québec, Saskatchewan, Yukon); St. Pierre et Miquelon; USA (California, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New York, Oregon, Vermont, Washington State)
10 GRB JMY 11 CZE GER LIE SLO SWI 12 ADO FRA SPA 13 BIH ITA SLV 14 EST RUS 34 TUR 70 ASK CDN GNL 71 CDN 72 CDN SPM 73 USA 75 USA 76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Empetrum eamesii subsp. hermaphroditum (Hagerup) D.Löve; Rhodora 62: 289 (1960)
= Empetrum hermaphroditum var. americanum V.N.Vassil.; Rod Empetrum 56 (1961)
= Empetrum nigrum f. hermaphroditum (Hagerup) Lange; Meddel. Grønland 3: 18 (1880)
= Empetrum nigrum subsp. hermaphroditum (Hagerup) Böcher; Meddel. Grønland 147(9): 81 (1952)
= Empetrum nigrum var. hermaphroditum (Hagerup) T.Sørensen; Meddel. Grønland 101(3): 95 (1933)
species :
Empetrum nigrum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1022 (1753)
subspecies :
subsp. nigrum
Name: Schwarze Krähenbeere (DE), Black Crowberry (EN)
Distribution: Iceland; Svalbard; Faeroe Isl.; England (N- & SW-England, Wales, Isle of Man, Scotland, Outer Hebrides, Orkney Isl., Shetland Isl., St. Kilda Isl.); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Germany (Brandenburg, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Schleswig-Holstein, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; N-Spain (Pyrenees); Andorra; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; NE-Greece (Mt. Papikio); Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; N-European Russia; W-European Russia; ?Ukraine; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Magadan); China (Heilongjiang, Nei Mongol); Mongolia; Alaska; Canada (Labrador, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Isl., Québec); St. Pierre et Miquelon; USA (California, Oregon, Washington State)
10 DEN FIN FOR GRB ICE IRE NOR SVA SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER LIE NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO FRA SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT ROM SLV SRB 14 BLR EST LAT LIT RUS 30 SIB 31 RFE 36 CHI 37 MON 70 ASK 72 CDN SPM 73 USA 76 USA
Remarks: nigrum agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaetaxus nigra (L.) Bubani; Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 1: 118 (1897)
= Empetrum arcticum V.N.Vassil.; Ref. Nauchno-Issl. Rabot, Otdelenie Biol. Nauk 1945: 4 (1947)
= Empetrum crassifolium Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 3: 51 (1836)
= Empetrum medium Carmich.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 12: 508 (1818)
= Empetrum nigrum f. ciliatum Jordal; Rhodora 54: 38 (1952)
= Empetrum nigrum f. cylindricum Lepage; Naturaliste Canad. 82: 192 (1955)
= Empetrum nigrum f. leucocarpum Asch. ex Neuman; Sver. Fl. 292 (1901)
= Empetrum nigrum f. purpureum (Raf.) Fernald; Rhodora 25: 83 (1923)
= Empetrum nigrum var. leucocarpum (Asch. ex Neuman) Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 5: 1605 (1927)
= Empetrum nigrum var. purpureum (Raf.) A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(1): 26 (1869)
= Empetrum procumbens Gilib.; Exerc. Phyt. 2: 393 (1792), opus utique oppr.
= Empetrum purpureum Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 3: 50 (1836)
= Empetrum scoticum Hook. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 553 (1840)
subspecies :
subsp. albidum (V.N.Vassil.) Nedol.; Konsp. Dendrofl. Ross. Dal´nego Vostoka 40 (1995)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Kuril Isl., Sakhalin)
31 RFE
Synonyms: hidden
= Empetrum albidum V.N.Vassil.; Rod Empetrum 102 (1961)
= Empetrum nigrum subsp. albidum (V.N.Vassil.) Kuvaev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 81(10): 113 (1996), isonym
subspecies :
subsp. androgynum (V.N.Vassil.) Kuvaev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 81(10): 113 (1996)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Magadan); N-Mongolia
31 RFE 37 MON
Synonyms: hidden
= Empetrum androgynum V.N.Vassil.; Ref. Nauchno-Issl. Rabot, Otdelenie Biol. Nauk 3 (1945 publ. 1947)
= Empetrum polare V.N.Vassil.; Ref. Nauchno-Issl. Rabot, Otdelenie Biol. Nauk 1945: 4 (1947)
subspecies :
subsp. asiaticum (Nakai ex H.Itô) Kuvaev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 81(10): 113 (1996)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Kuril Isl., Sakhalin); China (E-Nei Mongol, N-Heilongjiang); Mongolia; North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu)
31 RFE 36 CHI 37 MON 38 JAP KOR NKO
Synonyms: hidden
= Empetrum albicarphum Sugaw.; Pl. Saghalien 1: 226 (1937)
= Empetrum asiaticum (Nakai ex H.Itô) Nakai ex V.Vassil.; Rod Empetrum 96 (1961)
= Empetrum kurilense V.N.Vassil.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 14: 744 (1949)
= Empetrum nigrum f. albicarphum (Sugaw.) Honda; Nom. Pl. Japonic. 194 (1939)
= Empetrum nigrum f. japonicum R.D.Good; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 47(317): 515, 518-519, f. 3, 4 (1927)
= Empetrum nigrum subsp. japonicum Hultén; Ark. Bot., a. s. 7(1): 83 (1967 publ. 1968), nom. illeg.
= Empetrum nigrum var. album J.Y.Ma & Yue Zhang; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 22: 389 (2002)
= Empetrum nigrum var. asiaticum Nakai ex H.Itô; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 47(564): 895 (1933)
= Empetrum nigrum var. japonicum H.Hara; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 50: 492 (1936), nom. illeg.
= Empetrum nigrum var. japonicum Siebold & Zucc. ex K.Koch; Hort. Dendrol. 89 (1853)
= Empetrum sibiricum var. japonicum (Siebold & Zucc. ex K.Koch) Tzvelev; Sosud. Rast. Sovet. Dal´nego Vostoka 5: 169 (1991)
subspecies :
subsp. caucasicum (Juz.) Kuvaev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 81(10): 113 (1996)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan
33 ARM AZE GEO NCS
Synonyms: hidden
= Empetrum androgynum var. caucasicum (Juz.) V.N.Vassil.; nom. nud.
= Empetrum caucasicum Juz.; Spisok Rast. Gerb. Fl. S.S.S.R. Bot. Inst. Vsesojuzn. Akad. Nauk 13: 79 (1955)
subspecies :
subsp. kardakovii (V.N.Vassil.) Kuvaev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 81(10): 113 (1996)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Commander Isl.); Aleutes
31 RFE 70 ASK
Synonyms: hidden
= Empetrum kardakovii V.N.Vassil.; Ref. Nauchno-Issl. Rabot, Otdelenie Biol. Nauk 4 (1947)
subspecies :
subsp. stenopetalum (V.N.Vassil.) Nedol.; Konsp. Dendrofl. Ross. Dal´nego Vostoka 40 (1995)
Distribution: Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Amur, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Kuril Isl., Magadan, Primorye, Sakhalin); NE-China; Mongolia
30 SIB 31 RFE 36 CHI 37 MON
Synonyms: hidden
= Empetrum nigrum subsp. sibiricum (V.N.Vassil.) Kuvaev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 81(10): 113 (1996)
= Empetrum pubescens V.N.Vassil.; Ref. Nauchno-Issl. Rabot, Otdelenie Biol. Nauk 1945: 3 (1947)
= Empetrum sibiricum V.N.Vassil.; Ref. Nauchno-Issl. Rabot, Otdelenie Biol. Nauk 3 (1947)
= Empetrum stenopetalum V.N.Vassil.; Ref. Nauchno-Issl. Rabot, Otdelenie Biol. Nauk 4 (1947)
subspecies :
subsp. subholarcticum (V.N.Vassil.) Kuvaev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 76: 1172 (1991)
Distribution: European Russia; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Magadan, Primorye, Sakhalin); Kazakhstan; Mongolia
14 RUS 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ 37 MON
Synonyms: hidden
= Empetrum nigrum subsp. subholarcticum (V.N.Vassil.) Nedol.; Konsp. Dendrofl. Ross. Dal´nego Vostoka 39 (1995)
= Empetrum subholarcticum V.N.Vassil.; Ref. Nauchno-Issl. Rabot, Otdelenie Biol. Nauk 4 (1947)
species :
Empetrum rubrum Vahl ex Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4: 713 (1806)
Name: Brecillo, murtilla de Magallanes [Chile]
Distribution: Argentina (Chubut, Mendoza, Neuquén, Rio Negro, Santa Cruz, Tierra del Fuego); Chile (Valparaíso, Metropolitana de Santiago, O´Higgins, Maule, Ñuble, Biobío, Araucanía, Los Rios, Los Lagos, Aisén, Magallanes); Juan Fdz. Isl.; Falkland Isl.; Gough Isl.; Tristan da Cunha
85 ARG CLE JNF 91 FAL TDC
Synonyms: hidden
= Empetrum andinum Phil. ex A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(1): 26 (1869)
= Empetrum bilobum Phil.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 43: 27 (1893)
= Empetrum hookeranum V.N.Vassil.; Rod Empetrum 36 (1961)
= Empetrum maclovianum Gand.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 60: 26 (1913)
= Empetrum nigrum var. andinum A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(1): 26 (1869)
= Empetrum nigrum var. rubrum (Vahl ex Willd.) A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(1): 26 (1869)
= Empetrum rubrum f. falklandicum R.D.Good; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 47: 517 (1927)
= Empetrum tomentosum V.N.Vassil.; Rod Empetrum 38 (1961)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.04 (April 1st, 2025)

Covering 356,269 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,497 synonyms,
in total 1,415,638* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

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With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life