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463.0000 Family Araliaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 217 (1789), nom. cons.
44 genera, ca. 1700 spp: 150 Indomalesia, 350 Polynesia/Australia, 150 tropical America. Inclusion of Hydrocotyloideae (formerly Apiaceae) confirmed by molecular phylogeny.
Species listed in database: 1697; hybrids: 7
= Botryodendraceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 231 (1858)
= Hederaceae Giseke; Prael. Ord. Nat. Pl. 519 (1792)
= Hydrocotylaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 258 (1820), nom. cons.
463.2332 Genus Eleutherococcus Maxim.; Prim. Fl. Amur. 132 (1859)
Distribution: E-Asia, south to Taiwan, Philippines, Indochina
Species listed in database: 29
= Acanthopanax (Decne. & Planch.) Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 10 (1863) s. str.
= Plectronia Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 162 (1790), nom. illeg.
species :
Eleutherococcus baoxinensis (X.P.Fang & C.K.Hsieh) P.S.Hsu & S.L.Pan; Sida 15(4): 594 (1993)
Distribution: China (Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Acanthopanax baoxinensis X.P.Fang & C.K.Hsieh; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 7(4): 89-90, f. 2 (1987)
species :
Eleutherococcus brachypus (Harms) Nakai; Fl. Sylv. Kor. 16: 27 (1927)
Distribution: China (Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Acanthopanax brachypus Harms; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 36(Beibl. 82): 80 (1905)
= Acanthopanax obovatus G.Hoo; Acta Phytotax. Sin., Addit. 1: 162 (1965)
= Eleutherococcus brachypus var. omeiensis C.H.Kim & B.Y.Sun; Novon 10: 209 (2000)
= Eleutherococcus obovatus (G.Hoo) H.Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 62: 359 (1987)
species :
Eleutherococcus cissifolius (Griff. ex C.B.Clarke) Nakai; Chosen Shokubutsu 1: 420 (1914)
Distribution: China (Yunnan); Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Sikkim, Uttarakhand, Chumbi)
36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP
Synonyms: hidden
= Acanthopanax cissifolius (Griff. ex C.B.Clarke) Harms; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 8: 50 (1894)
= Acanthopanax cissifolius var. glaber Y.R.Li; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 2(1): 107, f. 2 (1980)
= Aralia cissifolia Griff. ex C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 2(6): 722 (1879)
= Aralia cissifolia Griff. ex Seem.; J. Bot. 6(65): 134 (1868)
= Eleutherococcus cissifolius var. glaber (Y.R.Li) P.S.Hsu & S.L.Pan; Sida 15(4): 594 (1993)
variant :
var. scandens (Edgew. ex C.B.Clarke) P.Daniel; Indian J. Forest. 6: 244 (1983)
Distribution: India (Uttarakhand)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Aralia cissifolia var. scandens Edgew. ex C.B.Clarke in Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 2: 722 (1879)
= Acanthopanax cissifolius var. scandens (Edgew. ex C.B.Clarke) Nakai; Fl. Sylv. Kor. 16: 28 (1927)
species :
Eleutherococcus divaricatus (Siebold & Zucc.) S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 61(1): 109 (1980)
Distribution: North Korea; South Korea (incl. Cheju Isl.); Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)
38 JAP KOR NKO
Synonyms: hidden
= Acanthopanax chiisanensis Nakai; J. Arnold Arbor. 5: 5 (1924)
= Acanthopanax divaricatus (Siebold & Zucc.) Seem.; J. Bot. 5(53): 239 (1867)
= Acanthopanax divaricatus f. inermis (Nakai) H.Hara; Enum. Spermatophytarum Japon. 3: 277 (1954)
= Acanthopanax divaricatus var. inermis Nakai; J. Arnold Arbor. 5: 6 (1924)
= Acanthopanax koreanus Nakai; J. Arnold Arbor. 5: 3 (1924)
= Acanthopanax rufinervis Nakai; Fl. Sylv. Kor. 16: 25 (1927)
= Eleutherococcus divaricatus f. inermis (Nakai) H.Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 62(12): 356 (1987)
= Eleutherococcus divaricatus var. chiisanensis (Nakai) C.H.Kim & B.Y.Sun; Novon 10(3): 209 (2000)
= Eleutherococcus gracilistylus f. koreanus (Nakai) M.Kim; Korean Endemic Pl. 326 (2004)
= Eleutherococcus nodiflorus var. koreanus (Nakai) M.Kim; Korean Endemic Pl. 245 (2017)
= Eleutherococcus rufinervis (Nakai) S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 61(1): 109 (1980)
= Kalopanax divaricatum (Siebold & Zucc.) Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 17 (1863)
= Panax divaricatus Siebold & Zucc.; Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 4(2): 200 (1845)
species :
Eleutherococcus eleutheristylus (G.Hoo) H.Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 62(12): 358 (1987)
Distribution: China (Shaanxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Acanthopanax eleutheristylus G.Hoo; Acta Phytotax. Sin., Addit. 1: 155-156 (1965)
= Eleutherococcus eleutheristylus (G.Hoo) K.L.Zhang; J. N. W. Teachers Coll. (Nat. Sci.) 1988(1): 12 (1988), isonym
variant :
var. simplex (G.Hoo) H.Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 62(12): 358 (1987)
Distribution: China (Shaanxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Acanthopanax eleutheristylus var. simplex G.Hoo; Acta Phytotax. Sin., Addit. 1: 156 (1965)
species :
Eleutherococcus giraldii (Harms) Nakai; J. Arnold Arbor. 5(1): 9 (1924)
Distribution: China (Gansu, Henan, Hubei, Ningxia, Qinghai, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Acanthopanax giraldii Harms; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 36(3, Beibl. 82): 80 (1905)
= Acanthopanax giraldii var. hispidus G.Hoo; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 1: 157 (1965)
= Acanthopanax giraldii var. inermis Harms & Rehder; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 2: 560 (1916)
= Acanthopanax humillimus Y.S.Lian & X.L.Chen; Acta Bot. Boreal.-Occid. Sin. 14: 305 (1994)
= Acanthopanax yui H.L.Li; Sargentia 2: 79-80, f. 12 (1942)
= Acanthopanax yui var. longipedunculatus G.Hoo; Acta Phytotax. Sin., Addit. 1: 157 (1965)
= Acanthopanax yui var. parvispinosus G.Hoo; Acta Phytotax. Sin., Addit. 1: 156-157 (1965)
= Acanthopanax yui var. villosus Y.R.Li; Fl. Yunnan. 2: 479 (1979)
= Eleutherococcus giraldii f. hispidus (G.Hoo) H.Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 62(12): 358 (1987)
= Eleutherococcus giraldii var. hispidus (G.Hoo) K.L.Zhang; J. N. W. Teachers Coll. (Nat. Sci.) 1988(1): 12 (1988)
= Eleutherococcus giraldii var. hispidus (G.Hoo) Q.S.Wang; Fl. Hubeiensis 3: 179 (2002), isonym
= Eleutherococcus giraldii var. inermis (Harms & Rehder) Nakai; Fl. Sylv. Kor. 16: 28 (1927)
= Eleutherococcus giraldii var. villosus (Y.R.Li) P.S.Hsu & S.L.Pan; Sida 15(4): 594 (1993)
= Eleutherococcus humillimus (Y.S.Lian & X.L.Chen) Y.F.Deng; Novon 13(3): 305 (2003)
= Eleutherococcus yui (H.L.Li) S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 61(1): 111 (1980)
species :
Eleutherococcus henryi Oliv.; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 18(1): t. 1711 (1887)
Distribution: China (Anhui, Henan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Acanthopanax henryi (Oliv.) Harms; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 8: 49 (1894)
variant :
var. faberi (Harms) S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 61(1): 109 (1980)
Distribution: China (Anhui, Shaanxi, Zhejiang)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Acanthopanax connatistylus S.C.Li & X.M.Liu; J. Anhui Agric. Coll. 14: 9 (1987)
= Acanthopanax henryi var. faberi Harms; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 27: 12 (1918)
= Eleutherococcus connatistylus (S.C.Li & X.M.Liu) C.H.Kim & B.Y.Sun; J. Pl. Biol. 47(3): 286 (2004)
= Eleutherococcus huangshanensis C.H.Kim & B.Y.Sun; Novon 10(3): 210 (2000)
species :
Eleutherococcus higoensis (Hatus.) H.Ohba; Fl. Jap. [Iwatsuki et al., eds.] 2c: 266 (1999)
Distribution: Japan (Kyushu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Acanthopanax higoensis Hatus.; J. Jap. Bot. 36: 90 (1961)
species :
Eleutherococcus hypoleucus (Makino) Nakai; J. Arnold Arbor. 5: 10 (1924)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Acanthopanax fauriei Harms; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 7: 248 (1917)
= Acanthopanax hypoleucum Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 12: 18 (1898)
species :
Eleutherococcus japonicus Nakai; J. Arnold Arbor. 5: 10 (1924)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu, Kyushu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Acanthopanax commixtus Nakai; J. Arnold Arbor. 5: 4 (1924)
= Acanthopanax japonicus f. ionanthus Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 45: 128 (1931)
= Acanthopanax japonicus f. kiusianus (Nakai) H.Hara; Enum. Spermatophytarum Japon. 3: 278 (1954)
= Acanthopanax japonicus Franch. & Sav.; Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 377 (1878)
= Acanthopanax kiusianus Nakai; J. Arnold Arbor. 5: 2 (1924)
= Acanthopanax nipponicus Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 2: 19 (1921)
= Eleutherococcus japonicus (Franch. & Sav.) Nakai; J. Arnold Arbor. 5(1): 10-11 (1924)
= Eleutherococcus japonicus f. ionanthus (Nakai) H.Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 62(12): 357 (1987)
= Eleutherococcus japonicus f. kiusianus (Nakai) H.Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 62(12): 357 (1987)
= Eleutherococcus spinosus f. ionanthus (Nakai) H.Ohba; Fl. Jap. [Iwatsuki et al., eds.] 2c: 264 (1999)
= Eleutherococcus spinosus f. kiusianus (Nakai) H.Ohba; Fl. Jap. [Iwatsuki et al., eds.] 2c: 264 (1999)
= Eleutherococcus spinosus var. japonicus (Franch. & Sav.) H.Ohba; Fl. Jap. [Iwatsuki et al., eds.] 2c: 263 (1999)
species :
Eleutherococcus lasiogyne (Harms) S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 61(1): 109 (1980)
Distribution: China (Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet; Vietnam
36 CHI TIB 41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Acanthopanax lasiogyne Harms; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 2(3): 563 (1916)
= Acanthopanax lasiogyne var. ferrugineus Y.R.Li; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 2: 107 (1980)
= Eleutherococcus lasiogyne var. ferrugineus (Y.R.Li) H.Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 62: 359 (1987)
species :
Eleutherococcus leucorrhizus Oliv.; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 18(1): t. 1711 (1887)
Distribution: China (Anhui, Gansu, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam)
36 CHI 40 BHU IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Acanthopanax cuspidatus G.Hoo; Acta Phytotax. Sin., Addit. 1: 160 (1965)
= Acanthopanax cuspidatus var. tienchuanensis G.Hoo; Acta Phytotax. Sin., Addit. 1: 160-161 (1965)
= Acanthopanax leucorrhizus (Oliv.) Harms; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 8: 49 (1894)
= Acanthopanax leucorrhizus f. angustifoliatus G.Hoo; Acta Phytotax. Sin., Addit. 1: 161 (1965)
= Acanthopanax leucorrhizus var. axillaritomentosus G.Hoo; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 1: 161 (1965)
= Eleutherococcus cuspidatus (G.Hoo) H.Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 62(12): 358 (1987)
= Eleutherococcus cuspidatus (G.Hoo) K.L.Zhang; J. N. W. Teachers Coll. (Nat. Sci.) 1988(1): 13 (1988), isonym
= Eleutherococcus leucorrhizus f. angustifoliatus (G.Hoo) Q.S.Wang; Fl. Hubeiensis 3: 180 (2002)
= Eleutherococcus leucorrhizus var. axillaritomentosus (G.Hoo) H.Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 62: 359 (1987)
= Eleutherococcus leucorrhizus var. brevipedunculatus Y.R.Ling; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 15(2): 84 (1977)
variant :
var. fulvescens (Harms & Rehder) Nakai; Fl. Sylv. Kor. 16: 27 (1927)
Distribution: China (Gansu, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Acanthopanax leucorrhizus var. fulvescens Harms & Rehder; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 2(3): 558 (1916)
= Acanthopanax longipes Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7(3): 696-697 (1933)
variant :
var. scaberulus (Harms & Rehder) Nakai; Fl. Sylv. Kor. 16: 29 (1927)
Distribution: China (Anhui, Guizhou, N-Guangdong, W-Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Acanthopanax leucorrhizus var. scaberulus Harms & Rehder; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 2(3): 558 (1916)
variant :
var. setchuenensis (Harms) C.B.Shang & J.Y.Huang; J. Nanjing Forest Univ., Nat. Sci. Ed. 31(3): 15 (2007)
Distribution: China (Gansu, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Acanthopanax setchuenensis Harms ex Diels; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29: 488 (1900)
= Acanthopanax setchuenensis var. latifoliatus G.Hoo; Acta Phytotax. Sin., Addit. 1: 161-162 (1965)
= Eleutherococcus setchuenensis (Harms ex Diels) Nakai; Fl. Sylv. Kor. 16: 30 (1927)
= Eleutherococcus setchuenensis var. latifoliatus (G.Hoo) H.Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 62(12): 359 (1987)
species :
Eleutherococcus nikaianus (Koidz. ex Nakai) H.Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 62(12): 357 (1987)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu, Kyushu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Acanthopanax japonicus var. nikaianus (Koidz. ex Nakai) H.Hara; Enum. Spermatophytarum Japon. 3: 279 (1954)
= Acanthopanax nikaianus Koidz. ex Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 18: 227, 292 (1942)
= Acanthopanax nipponicus Nakai; J. Arnold Arbor. 5: 2 (1924), non Makino
= Eleutherococcus spinosus var. nikaianus (Nakai) H.Ohba; Fl. Jap. [Iwatsuki et al., eds.] 2c: 264 (1999)
species :
Eleutherococcus nodiflorus (Dunn) S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 61(1): 109 (1980)
Distribution: China (S-Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, S-Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); North Korea; Taiwan; Vietnam
36 CHI 38 NKO TAI 41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Acanthopanax gracilistylus var. major G.Hoo; Acta Phytotax. Sin., Addit. 1: 159 (1965)
= Acanthopanax gracilistylus var. nodiflorus (Dunn) H.L.Li; Sargentia 2: 86 (1942)
= Acanthopanax gracilistylus var. pubescens (Pamp.) H.L.Li; Sargentia 2: 85 (1942)
= Acanthopanax gracilistylus var. trifoliolatus C.B.Shang; J. Nanjing Inst. Forest. 2: 22 (1985)
= Acanthopanax gracilistylus var. villosulus (Harms) H.L.Li; Sargentia 2: 85 (1942)
= Acanthopanax gracilistylus W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 10(46): 6-7 (1917)
= Acanthopanax hondae Matsuda; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 31: 333 (1917)
= Acanthopanax hondae var. armatus Nakai; J. Arnold Arbor. 5: 4 (1924)
= Acanthopanax hondae var. inermis Nakai; J. Arnold Arbor. 5: 4 (1924)
= Acanthopanax nodiflorus Dunn; J. Bot. 47(6): 199 (1909)
= Acanthopanax spinosus var. pubescens Pamp.; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 17(4): 678 (1910)
= Acanthopanax villosulus Harms; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 2(3): 562 (1916)
= Aralia palmata Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 187 (1790), nom. illeg.
= Aralia scandens Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 1: 419 (1811)
= Eleutherococcus gracilistylus (W.W.Sm.) S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 61(1): 109 (1980)
= Eleutherococcus gracilistylus var. major (G.Hoo) H.Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 62(12): 358 (1987)
= Eleutherococcus gracilistylus var. nodiflorus (Dunn) H.Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 62(12): 359 (1987)
= Eleutherococcus gracilistylus var. nodiflorus (Dunn) K.L.Zhang; J. N. W. Teachers Coll. (Nat. Sci.) 1988(1): 14 (1988), isonym
= Eleutherococcus gracilistylus var. pubescens (Pamp.) S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 61(1): 109 (1980)
= Eleutherococcus gracilistylus var. trifoliolatus (C.B.Shang) H.Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 62(12): 359 (1987)
= Eleutherococcus gracilistylus var. villosulus (Harms) Q.S.Wang; Fl. Hubeiensis 3: 183 (2002)
= Eleutherococcus nodiflorus var. gracilistylus (W.W.Sm.) Y.F.Deng; Med. Fl. China 7: 414 (2018)
= Eleutherococcus nodiflorus var. trifoliolatus (C.B.Shang) Shui L.Zhang & Z.H.Chen; J. Hangzhou Norm. Univ., Nat. Sci. Ed. 19(6): [96-102] (2020)
= Eleutherococcus pubescens (Pamp.) C.H.Kim & B.Y.Sun; Novon 10(3): 213 (2000)
= Eleutherococcus villosulus (Harms) S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 61(1): 110 (1980)
= Hedera scandens (Poir.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 264 (1830)
species :
Eleutherococcus pilosulus (Rehder) C.H.Kim & B.Y.Sun; Novon 10(3): 210 (2000)
Distribution: China (Gansu, Qinghai)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Acanthopanax giraldii var. pilosulus Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 9(2-3): 99 (1928)
= Acanthopanax wilsonii var. pilosulus (Rehder) X.P.Fang & C.K.Hsieh; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 7(4): 90 (1987)
= Eleutherococcus giraldii var. pilosulus (Rehder) S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 61(1): 109 (1980)
= Eleutherococcus wilsonii var. pilosulus (Rehder) P.S.Hsu & S.L.Pan; Sida 15(4): 594 (1993)
species :
Eleutherococcus rehderianus (Harms) Nakai; J. Arnold Arbor. 5(1): 9 (1924)
Distribution: China (Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Acanthopanax rehderianus Harms; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 2: 561 (1916)
= Acanthopanax rehderianus var. longipedunculatus G.Hoo; Acta Phytotax. Sin., Addit. 1: 158 (1965)
= Eleutherococcus rehderianus var. longipedunculatus (G.Hoo) H.Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 62: 359 (1987)
species :
Eleutherococcus scandens (Ho) H.Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 62(12): 359 (1987)
Distribution: China (Anhui, N-Fujian, Jiangxi, Zhejiang)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Acanthopanax scandens G.Hoo; Acta Phytotax. Sin., Addit. 1: 158-159 (1965)
species :
Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 9: 132 (1859)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Primorye, Sakhalin); China (Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Shaanxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Shanxi); North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido); Vietnam [I]
31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO 41 vie
Synonyms: hidden
= Acanthopanax asperatus Franch. & Sav.; Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 378 (1878)
= Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Harms; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 8: 50 (1894)
= Acanthopanax senticosus f. inermis (Kom.) Harms; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 27: 8 (1918)
= Acanthopanax senticosus f. subinermis (Regel) Harms; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 27: 8 (1918)
= Acanthopanax senticosus var. brevistamineus S.F.Gu; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 13(2): 118 (1993)
= Acanthopanax senticosus var. subinermis (Regel) Kitag.; Neolin. Fl. Manshur. 471 (1979)
= Eleutherococcus asperatus (Franch. & Sav.) Koidz.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 8: 52 (1939)
= Eleutherococcus koreanus Nakai; Fl. Sylv. Kor. 16: 32 (1927)
= Eleutherococcus senticosus f. inermis Kom.; Fl. Manshur. 3: 121 (1905)
= Eleutherococcus senticosus f. subinermis Regel; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 4(4): 73 (1861)
= Hedera senticosa Rupr. & Maxim.; Bull. Cl. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 2, 15: 134 (1856)
species :
Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus (Rupr. & Maxim.) S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 61(1): 109 (1980)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Primorye); China (Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Shanxi); North Korea; South Korea
31 RFE 36 CHI 38 KOR NKO
Synonyms: hidden
= Acanthopanax seoulensis Nakai; Fl. Sylv. Kor. 16: 24 (1927), tentatively listed as a synonym.
= Acanthopanax sessiliflorus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Seem.; J. Bot. 5: 239 (1867)
= Acanthopanax sessiliflorus var. parviceps Rehder; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 21: 129 (1912)
= Eleutherococcus seoulensis (Nakai) S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 61: 109 (1980)
= Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus var. parviceps (Rehder) S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 61: 110 (1980)
= Panax sessiliflorus Rupr. & Maxim.; Bull. Cl. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg 15: 133 (1856)
species :
Eleutherococcus setosus (H.L.Li) Y.R.Ling; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 15(2): 85-86, t. 1, f. 5-6 (1977)
Distribution: China (S-Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Yunnan); Taiwan
36 CHI 38 TAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Acanthopanax setosus (H.L.Li) C.B.Shang; J. Nanjing Inst. Forest. 1985(2): 23 (1985)
= Acanthopanax trifoliatus var. setosus H.L.Li; Sargentia 2: 87-88 (1942)
= Eleutherococcus trifoliatus var. setosus (H.L.Li) H.Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 62(12): 360 (1987)
species :
Eleutherococcus setulosus (Franch.) S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 61(1): 110 (1980)
Distribution: China (S-Anhui, Sichuan, W-Zhejiang)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Acanthopanax setulosus Franch.; Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Sér. 2, 8: 249 (1886)
= Acanthopanax zhejiangensis X.J.Xue & S.T.Fang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 21(3): 350, f. 1 (1983)
= Eleutherococcus pseudosetulosus C.H.Kim & B.Y.Sun; Novon 10(3): 213 (2000)
= Eleutherococcus zhejiangensis (X.J.Xue & S.T.Fang) H.Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 62(12): 360 (1987)
species :
Eleutherococcus sieboldianus (Makino) Koidz.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 8(1): 52-53 (1939)
Name: Ginseng
Distribution: China (Anhui); South Korea [I]; Japan [I]; Canada [I] (Ontario [I]); USA [I] (Connecticut [I], Indiana [I], Kentucky [I], Massachusetts [I], Pennsylvania [I], Utah [I], West Virginia [I])
36 CHI 38 jap kor 72 cdn 75 usa 76 usa 78 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Acanthopanax pentaphyllus Marchal; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 20(2): 79 (1881), nom. illeg.
= Acanthopanax pentaphyllus var. variegatus (G.Nicholson) Rehder; Stand. Cycl. Hort. 1: 11 (1900)
= Acanthopanax sieboldianus Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 12(131): 10-12 (1898)
= Acanthopanax sieboldianus var. variegatus (G.Nicholson) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 7: 243 (1926)
= Aralia pentaphylla Siebold & Zucc.; Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 4(3): 201 (1845)
= Aralia pentaphylla var. variegata G.Nicholson; Ill. Dict. Gard. 1: 104 (1884)
= Eleutherococcus japonicus var. variegata (G.Nicholson) Nakai; J. Arnold Arbor. 5: 11 (1924)
= Eleutherococcus pentaphyllus Nakai; Chosen Shokubutsu 1: 420 (1914)
= Eleutherococcus sieboldianus f. variegatus (G.Nicholson) S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 61: 110 (1980)
species :
Eleutherococcus simonii (Simon-Louis ex C.K.Schneid.) Hesse; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 22: 272 (1913)
Distribution: S-China
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Acanthopanax simonii Simon-Louis ex C.K.Schneid.; Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. [C.K.Schneider] 2: 426 (1909)
variant :
var. longipedicellatus (G.Hoo) H.Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 62(12): 360 (1987)
Distribution: China (Guizhou)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Acanthopanax simonii var. longipedicellatus G.Hoo; Acta Phytotax. Sin., Addit. 1: 162 (1965)
species :
Eleutherococcus spinosus (L.f.) S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 61(1): 110 (1980)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Acanthopanax pentaphyllus (Thunb.) Witte; Ann. Hort. Bot. 4: 89 (1861)
= Acanthopanax spinosus (L.f.) Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 10 (1863)
= Acanthopanax spinosus f. espinosus H.Hara; Enum. Spermatophytarum Japon. 3: 280 (1954)
= Acanthopanax spinosus var. inermis Makino ex F.Maek.; J. Jap. Bot. 14: 72 (1938)
= Aralia pentaphylla Thunb.; Syst. Veg., ed. 14 [J.A.Murray] 300 (1784)
= Eleutherococcus spinosus f. espinosus (H.Hara) Yonek.; J. Jap. Bot. 80(6): 327 (2005)
= Eleutherococcus spinosus f. inermis (Makino ex F.Maek.) H.Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 62: 357 (1987)
= Panax spinosus L.f.; Suppl. Pl. [Linnaeus f.] 441 (1782)
species :
Eleutherococcus trichodon (Franch. & Sav.) H.Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 62(12): 357 (1987)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Acanthopanax trichodon Franch. & Sav.; Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 377 (1878)
species :
Eleutherococcus trifoliatus (L.) S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 61(1): 110 (1980)
Distribution: China (S-Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, S-Jiangsu, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); SE-Tibet; Taiwan; Nepal; India (Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam); Myanmar (Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing); Thailand; Laos; Vietnam; Philippines (Luzon)
36 CHI TIB 38 TAI 40 IND NEP 41 LAO MYA THA VIE 42 PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Acanthopanax aculeatus (Aiton) Witte; Ann. Hort. Bot. 4: 89 (1861)
= Acanthopanax sepium Seem.; J. Bot. 5(53): 239 (1867)
= Acanthopanax spinifolius Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci. 15: 249 (1919)
= Acanthopanax trifoliatus (L.) Voss; Vilm. Blumengärtn. ed. 3 [Siebert & Voss], 1: 406 (1894)
= Aralia trifoliata (L.) Meyen; Observ. Bot. [Meyen] 2: 332 (1834)
= Eleutherococcus spinifolius (Merr.) S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 61: 110 (1980)
= Eleutherococcus trifoliatus var. integerrimus C.B.Shang & Lowry; J. Nanjing Forest Univ., Nat. Sci. Ed. 31(3): 15 (2007)
= Panax aculeatus Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 3: 448 (1789)
= Panax loureiroanus DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 252 (1830)
= Plectronia chinensis Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 1: 162 (1790)
= Zanthoxylum trifoliatum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 270 (1753)
species :
Eleutherococcus verticillatus (G.Hoo) H.Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 62(12): 360 (1987)
Distribution: SE-Tibet
36 TIB
Synonyms: hidden
= Acanthopanax verticillatus G.Hoo; Acta Phytotax. Sin., Addit. 1: 159-160 (1965)
= Acanthopanax xizangensis Y.R.Li; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 2: 106 (1980)
= Eleutherococcus xizangensis (Y.R.Li) H.Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 62: 360 (1987)
species :
Eleutherococcus wardii (W.W.Sm.) S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 61(1): 110 (1980)
Distribution: China (Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet
36 CHI TIB
Synonyms: hidden
= Acanthopanax ternatus Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 2(2): 124-125 (1920)
= Acanthopanax wardii W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 10(46): 7 (1917)
species :
Eleutherococcus wilsonii (Harms) Nakai; J. Arnold Arbor. 5(1): 9 (1924)
Distribution: China (Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet
36 CHI TIB
Synonyms: hidden
= Acanthopanax nanpingensis X.P.Fang & C.K.Hsieh; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 7(4): 87-89, f. 1 (1987)
= Acanthopanax stenophyllus f. angustissimus Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 9(2-3): 99-100 (1928)
= Acanthopanax stenophyllus f. dilatatus Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 13(3): 339 (1932)
= Acanthopanax stenophyllus Harms; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 2(3): 564 (1916)
= Acanthopanax wilsonii Harms; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 2(3): 560 (1916)
= Eleutherococcus nanpingensis (X.P.Fang & C.K.Hsieh) P.S.Hsu & S.L.Pan; Sida 15(4): 594 (1993)
= Eleutherococcus stenophyllus (Harms) Nakai; J. Arnold Arbor. 5(1): 9 (1924)
= Eleutherococcus stenophyllus f. angustissimus (Rehder) S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 61(1): 110 (1980)
= Eleutherococcus stenophyllus f. dilatatus (Rehder) S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 61(1): 110 (1980)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
in total 1,416,144* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life