480.0000
Family
Boraginaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 128 (1789), nom. cons., s. str.
118 genera, ca. 2000 spp.
Species listed in database: 2043; hybrids: 46
= Anchusaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 274, 302 (1818)
= Cerinthaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 244 (1820)
= Cynoglossaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. 406 (1843)
= Echiaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 2: 61 (1837)
= Onosmaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 437 (1820)
480.2152
Genus
Echium L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 139 (1753)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (26), Azores, Europe, N- and South Africa, W-(incl. Caucasus) and Middle Asia eastward to Siberia and China
Species listed in database: 70; hybrids: 6
= Argyrexias Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 86 (1836)
= Isoplesion Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 86 (1836)
= Larephes Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 86 (1836)
= Megacaryon Boiss.; Pl. Or. Nov. (dec. prim.) 7 (1875)
species :
Echium acanthocarpum
Svent.; Index Sem. (Agron. Investig. Nat. Hispan. Inst.) 46 (1968 publ. 1969)
Name: Stachelfrüchtiger Natternkopf (DE); Taginaste gomero (ES)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (La Gomera)
21 CNY
Conservation Status: IUCN V
species :
Echium aculeatum
Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 8: 664 (1808)
Name: Stachliger Natternkopf (DE); Ajinajo (ES)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro)
21 CNY
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium armatum Masson ex A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 10: 18 (1846)
= Echium giganteum f. aculeata (Poir.) Coincy; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 3: 273 (1903)
= Echium giganteum var. aculeata (Poir.) Bornm.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 33: 465 (1904)
species :
Echium albicans
Lag. & Rodr.; Anales Ci. Nat. 5: 269 (1802)
subspecies :
subsp. albicans
Distribution: S-Spain
12 SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium mertensii Lehm.; Pl. Asperif. Nucif. 463 (1818)
subspecies :
subsp. fruticescens
(Coincy) Valdés; Lagascalia 27: 54 (2007)
Distribution: S-Spain (Sa. da Ronda etc.)
12 SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium fruticescens Coincy; J. Bot. [Morot] 8: 65 (1894)
species :
Echium amoenum
Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Index Sem. [St.Petersburg (Petropolitanus)] 35 (1837)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Azerbaijan; Iran (NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan)
33 AZE NCS 34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium orientale C.A.Mey.; Verz. Pfl. Casp. Meer [C.A. von Meyer] 97 (1831)
species :
Echium anchusoides
Bacch., Brullo & Selvi; Nordic J. Bot. 20(3): 273 (2000)
Distribution: Sardinia
12 SAR
species :
Echium angustifolium
Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 6 (1768)
subspecies :
subsp. angustifolium
Name: Schmalblättriger Natternkopf (DE); Narrow-leaved Bugloss (EN)
Distribution: European Turkey; Greece (Attiki, Peloponnisos, Korfu, Ionian Isl., Kiklades); Crete; East Aegaean Isl. (Chios, Samos, Dodecanese, Kos, Nisyros, Tilos, Kasos, Karpathos, Chalki, Rhodos); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, NW-Syria, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, N-Negev Desert, Judean Desert, S-Negev Desert, Negev Desert); Jordania (W-Jordania)
13 GRC KRI TUE 34 CYP EAI ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium creticum subsp. prostratum (Delile) Malag.; Subesp. Variación Geogr. 20 (1973). without basionym page or date
= Echium diffusum Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. [Sibthorp] 1: 125 (1806)
= Echium elegans Lehm.; Pl. Asperif. Nucif. 459 (1818)
= Echium halacsyi Holmboe; Stud. Veg. Cyprus 150 (1914)
= Echium hispidum Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. [Sibthorp] 1: 125 (1806) (non Burm.f., Fl. Cap. Prodr. 5 (1768))
= Echium prostratum Delile; Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 2(Mém.): 185 (1813), nom. illeg.
= Echium rubrum subsp. halacsyi (Holmboe) B.F.Osorio & Seraph.; List Vasc. Pl. Cyprus 87 (1973) (nom. inval.)
= Echium sericeum subsp. halacsyi Holmboe; Stud. Veg. Cyprus 150 (1914)
= Echium sericeum var. hispidum Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4(1): 207 (1875)
= Echium sibthorpii Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 4: 26 (1819)
subspecies :
subsp. elongatum
G.Klotz; Wiss. Z. Martin-Luther-Univ. Halle-Wittenberg, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 11: 299 (1962)
Distribution: Libya
20 LBY
subspecies :
subsp. expansum
(Hausskn.) G.Klotz; Wiss. Z. Martin-Luther-Univ. Halle-Wittenberg, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 11: 298 (1962)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium expansum Hausskn.; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Vereins 8: 47 (1895)
subspecies :
subsp. sericeum
(Vahl) G.Klotz; Wiss. Z. Martin-Luther-Univ. Halle-Wittenberg, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 11: 298 (1962)
Distribution: ?Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (Great Southwestern Desert, NE-Egypt, NW-coastal Egypt); N-Chad (Tibesti); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai, S-Sinai); Saudi Arabia (N-Saudi Arabia, Hejaz, Midyan, Asir); Yemen (N-Inner Yemen)
20 EGY LBY 24 CHA 34 SIN 35 SAU YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium creticum Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 41 (1775), nom. illeg.
= Echium distachyum Viv.; Fl. Libyc. Spec. 8 (1824)
= Echium longifolium Wiest ex A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 10: 19 (1846), nom. inval.
= Echium pumilum Lehm.; Nov. Stirp. Pug. [Lehmann] 1: 16 (1828)
= Echium sericeum Vahl; Symb. Bot. [Vahl] 2: 35 (1791)
= Echium sericeum var. diffusum Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4(2): 207 (1879)
= Echium setosum Bory & Chaub.; Nouv. Fl. Pélop. 13 (1838), nom. illeg., non Vahl
subspecies :
subsp. tunetanum
G.Klotz; Wiss. Z. Martin-Luther-Univ. Halle-Wittenberg, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 11: 300 (1962)
Distribution: Tunisia; Libya
20 LBY TUN
species :
Echium arenarium
Guss.; Index Sem. Hort. Boccadifalco 1825: 5 (1825)
Name: Küsten-Natternkopf (DE); Coastal Viper´s Bugloss (EN)
Distribution: Portugal [I]; NE-Spain; Baleares; France; ?Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Malta; Greece (lowlands of C- & S-Greece, most islands incl. Limnos, Thasos); Crete; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; ?Sudan; East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos); Cyprus (W-Cyprus, NE-Cyprus); Syria
12 BAL FRA por SPA 13 GRC ITA KRI MLT PEL PTL SIC 20 ALG LBY MOR TUN 34 CYP EAI SYR
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium arenarium var. debile Pamp.; Piantae Tripol. [Pampanini] 195 (1914)
= Echium calycinum subsp. arenarium (Guss.) R.C.V.Douin; Fl. Ill. France 8: 5 (1926)
= Echium delileanum Lojac.; Fl. Sicul. [Lojacono] 2(2): 80 (1907)
= Echium diffusum Guss.; Cat. Pl. Hort. Boccadifalco 23 (1821), nom. illeg.
= Echium prostratum Sieber ex A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 10: 21 (1846), nom. inval.
= Echium sieberi (A.DC.) Lojac.; Fl. Sicul. [Lojacono] 2(2): 79 (1907)
species :
Echium asperrimum
Lam.; Tabl. Encycl. 1: 412 (1792)
Name: Rauher Natternkopf, Pyrenäen-Natternkopf (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Spain; Baleares; France; Sardinia; Italy; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia
11 ger 12 BAL FRA SAR SPA 13 ITA 20 ALG MOR TUN
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium hispidissimum Litard.; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 32: 319 (1942), in adnot.
= Echium italicum subsp. pyrenaicum (Desf.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 10: 304 (1908)
= Echium italicum var. pyrenaicum Loisel.; Fl. Gall., ed. 2, 1: 150 (1828)
= Echium pyrenaicum Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 1: 164 (1798), nom. illeg., non Pourr.
= Isoplesion pyrenaicum (Desf.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 86 (1836)
species :
Echium auberianum
Webb & Berthel.; Hist. Nat. Îles Canaries (Phytogr.) 3(2, 3): 42 (1844)
Name: Blauer Teide-Natternkopf (DE); Taginaste picante (ES)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (Tenerife)
21 CNY
Conservation Status: IUCN E
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium bourgaeanum Webb ex Christ; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 9: 126 (1888)
species :
Echium bethencourtii
A.Santos; Veg. Fl. La Palma 250 (1983)
Name: Bethencourts Natternkopf (DE); Bivorera (ES)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (La Palma)
21 CNY
Conservation Status: IUCN V
species :
Echium boissieri
Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 540 (1840)
Distribution: Portugal; C- & S-Spain; Gibraltar; Morocco; Algeria
12 GIB POR SPA 20 ALG MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium albicans Schott ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 4: 726 (1819)
= Echium glomeratum Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 1: 424 (1841), nom. illeg.
= Echium lagascae Boiss.; Elench. Pl. Nov. 69 (1838)
= Echium pomponium Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 1: t. 124 (1841)
= Echium pomponium var. tangerinum Pau; Bol. Real Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 24: 100 (1924)
= Echium pomponium var. velutinum Pau; Mem. Real Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 22: 364 (1924)
species :
Echium bonnetii
Coincy; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 2: 748 (1902)
Name: Bonnets Natternkopf (DE); Viborina canaria (ES)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera)
21 CNY
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium bonnetii f. pachycaulon (Lems & Holzapfel) Bramwell; Cuad. Bot. Canaria 12: 5 (1971)
= Echium bonnetii var. pachycaulon Lems & Holzapfel; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 95: 44 (1968)
variant :
var. fuerteventurae
(Lems & Holzapjel) Bramwell; Cuad. Bot. Canaria 12: 4 (1971)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (Fuerteventura)
21 CNY
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium fuerteventurae Lems & Holzapfel; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 95: 50 (1968)
species :
Echium brevirame
Sprague & Hutch.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1914: 121 (1914)
Name: Kurzästiger Natternkopf (DE); Arrebol (ES)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (La Palma)
21 CNY
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium aculeatum var. leucophaeum Bornm.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 33: 465 (1904), nom. illeg.
= Echium giganteum f. inermis Coincy; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 3: 273 (1903)
species :
Echium callithyrsum
Webb ex Bolle; Index Sem. (Berlin) 1867(App. 1): 6 (1867)
Name: Schönblütiger Natternkopf (DE); Taginaste azul de Gran Canaria (ES)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (Gran Canaria)
21 CNY
Conservation Status: IUCN V
species :
Echium candicans
L.f.; Suppl. Pl. 131 (1782)
Name: Pride of Madeira
Distribution: Italy [I]; Madeira (Madeira Isl., Porto Santo Isl.); New Zealand [I]; Chatham Isl. [I]; USA [I] (California [I])
13 ita 21 MDR 51 ctm nzl 76 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Argyrexias candicans (L.f.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 86 (1838)
= Echium brachyanthum Hornem.; Hort. Bot. Hafn. [Hornemann] 1: 182 (1813)
= Echium candicans var. noronhae Menezes; Fl. Madeira 180 (1914)
= Echium cynoglossoides Desf.; Tabl. École Bot., ed. 2: 86 (1815)
= Echium densiflorum DC.; Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp. 108 (1813)
= Echium macrophyllum Lehm.; Pl. Asperif. Nucif. 412 (1818)
= Echium maderense Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 541 (1840)
= Echium marianum Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 11: 90 (1849)
= Echium pallidum Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 114 (1796)
= Echium pavonianum Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 11: 91 (1849)
= Echium truncatum Hort.; ex Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 51: 306. 368 (1912)
species :
Echium cantabricum
(Laínz) Fern.Casas & Laínz; Mem. Soc. Bot. Genève 1: 111 (1979)
Distribution: N-Spain (Cordillera Cantabrica)
12 SPA
Conservation Status: IUCN V
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium italicum subsp. cantabricum Laínz; Bol. Inst. Estud. Asturianos, Supl. Ci. 22: 24 (1976)
species :
Echium canum
Emb. & Maire; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 17: 42 (1928)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
Conservation Status: IUCN R
species :
Echium clandestinum
Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atlant. 1: 95 (1874)
Distribution: Algeria
20 ALG
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
species :
Echium creticum
L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 139 (1753)
subspecies :
subsp. creticum
Name: Cretan viper´s bugloss
Distribution: NE-Spain (Gerona); France; Corsica; Sardinia; ?Italy; Algeria; Tunisia; USA [I] (Massachusetts [I], Maine [I])
12 COR FRA SAR SPA 20 ALG TUN 75 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium australe f. grandiflorum (Desf.) Lacaita; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 44: 369 (1919)
= Echium australe Lam.; Tabl. Encycl. 1: 413 (1792)
= Echium australe subsp. macranthum Cout.; Fl. Portugal 501 (1913)
= Echium australe var. grandiflorum (Ball) Sauvage & Vindt; Trav. Inst. Sci. Chérifien, Sér. Bot. 3: 176 (1954)
= Echium creticum subsp. macranthum (Cout.) Cout.; Fl. Portugal, ed. 2: 595 (1939)
= Echium creticum var. grandiflorum (Desf.) R.Fern.; Bol. Soc. Brot., Sér. 2, 43: 152 (1969)
= Echium grandiflorum Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 1: 166 (1798)
= Echium macranthum Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 4: 20 (1819), nom. illeg.
= Echium megalanthos Lapeyr.; Suite Mém. Hist. Nat. Pyrénées 29 (1818) (nom. illeg.)
= Echium megalanthum Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 541 (1840)
= Echium plantagineum Kunze; Flora (Regensburg) 29: 761 (1846), nom. illeg.
= Echium plantagineum var. grandiflorum (Desf.) Ball; Spicil. Fl. Marocc. [Ball] 576 (1876)
= Echium rubrum Moench; Methodus [Moench] 422 (1794), nom. illeg.
= Echium setosum Delile; Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 2(Mém.): 186 (1813), nom. illeg.
= Echium spinescens Medik.; Bot. Beob. 1783 [Medikus]: 36 (1784)
= Echium verecundum Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 115 (1796)
subspecies :
subsp. granatense
(Coincy) Valdés; Fl. Iber. [Castroviejo et al.] 11: 428 (2012)
Distribution: Portugal; Spain; Gibraltar; Sardinia; N-Morocco
12 GIB POR SAR SPA 20 MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium australe Coincy; (1900) non Lam.
= Echium australe var. coincyanum (Lacaita) Sauvage & Vindt; Trav. Inst. Sci. Chérifien, Sér. Bot. 3: 176 (1954)
= Echium coincyanum Lacaita; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 44: 374 (1919)
= Echium creticum subsp. algarbiense R.Fern.; Bol. Soc. Brot., Sér. 2, 43: 154 (1969)
= Echium creticum subsp. coincyanum (Lacaita) R.Fern.; Bol. Soc Brot. Ser. 2, 43: 153 (1969)
= Echium granatense Coincy; J. Bot. [Morot] 1900, 300 (1900)
= Echium lagascae Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 4: 27 (1819)
= Echium permutatum Pau; Cavanillesia 4: 53 (1931)
= Echium plantagineum var. maritimum Kunze; Chlor. Austro-Hispan. 3 (1846)
= Echium spinescens subsp. coincyanum (Lacaita) G.Klotz; Wiss. Z. Martin-Luther-Univ. Halle-Wittenberg, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 11: 296 (1962)
= Echium vulgare subsp. coincyanum (Lacaita) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 11: 42 (1979)
= Echium vulgare subsp. granatense (Coincy) Lacaita; Treb. Mus. Ci. Nat. Barcelona, Ser. Bot. 12: 393 (1929)
subspecies :
subsp. sauvagei
(R.Fern.) Valdés; Lagascalia 27: 58 (2007)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium creticum var. sauvagei R.Fern.; Bol. Soc. Brot., Sér. 2, 43: 155 (1969)
species :
Echium decaisnei
Webb & Berthel.; Hist. Nat. Îles Canaries (Phytogr.) 3: 49 (1850)
Name: Decaisnes Natternkopf (DE); Taginaste blanco (ES)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (Gran Canaria)
21 CNY
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium thyrsiflorum Massart ex Link; Phys. Beschr. Canar. Ins. [Buch] 144 (1825)
= Echium fastuosum Herb.Banks ex Link; Phys. Beschr. Canar. Ins. [Buch] 144 (1825)
species :
Echium famarae
Lems & Holzapfel; Inst. Nac. Invest. Agrar. An., Ser. Prod. Veg. 1: 190 (1971 publ. 1972)
Name: Famara-Natternkopf (DE); Taginaste de Famara (ES)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria)
21 CNY
Conservation Status: IUCN V
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium decaisnei subsp. purpuriense Bramwell; Cuad. Bot. Canaria 12: 5 (1971)
species :
Echium flavum
Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 1: 165 (1798)
subspecies :
subsp. flavum
Name: Gelber Natternkopf
Distribution: Spain (C-, S- & SE-Spain); Morocco; Algeria
12 SPA 20 ALG MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium fontanesii A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 10: 24 (1846), nom. illeg.
= Echium fontanesii var. setosum Willk.; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 484 (1870)
= Echium italicum Salzm. ex Ball; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 577 (1878), nom. inval.
= Echium italicum subsp. flavum (Desf.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 14: 90 (1983)
= Echium valentinum Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 10 (1816)
subspecies :
subsp. saetabense
(Peris, Figuerola & Stübing) Mateo & M.B.Crespo; Fl. Montiber. 40: 65 (2008)
Distribution: Spain (near Valencia)
12 SPA
Conservation Status: IUCN E
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium saetabense Peris, Figuerola & Stübing; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 97(3): 263 (1988)
species :
Echium gaditanum
Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 422 (1842)
Distribution: S-Portugal; SW-Spain; Gibraltar; Morocco; Algeria
12 GIB POR SPA 20 ALG MOR
species :
Echium giganteum
L.f.; Suppl. Pl. 131 (1782)
Name: Riesiger Natternkopf (DE); Taginaste gigante (ES)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (Tenerife)
21 CNY
Conservation Status: IUCN V
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium candicans Lam.; Tabl. Encycl. 1: 414 (1792), nom. illeg.
= Echium rupestre Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 114 (1796)
= Isoplesion giganteum (L.f.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 86 (1836)
species :
Echium glomeratum
Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 8: 670 (1808)
Distribution: ?Algeria; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia); Cyprus (N-Cyprus); Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, NW-Syria, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel); Jordania (W-Jordania)
34 CYP ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium brachystachyum Pall. ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 4: 726 (1819)
= Echium columnae Ehrenb. ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4(1): 206 (1875)
= Echium elongatum Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 8: 669 (1808) non Lam. 1791
= Echium papillosum Lehm.; Pl. Asperif. Nucif. 441 (1818), nom. illeg.
= Symphytum secundum S.G.Gmel.; Reise Russland [S.G.Gmelin] 3: 363 (1774)
species :
Echium handiense
Svent.; Addit. Fl. Canar. 1: 47 (1960)
Name: Jandia-Natternkopf (DE); Taginaste de Jandia (ES)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (Fuerteventura)
21 CNY
Conservation Status: IUCN V
species :
Echium hierrense
Webb ex Bolle; Index Sem. (Berlin) (1867) App. 1: 7
Name: Hierro-Natternkopf (DE); Taginaste del Hierro (ES)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (Hierro)
21 CNY
Conservation Status: IUCN V
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium bifrons var. hierrense (Webb ex Bolle) Christ; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 9: 127 (1887)
species :
Echium horridum
Batt.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 39: 336 (1892)
Name: Schrecklicher Natternkopf (DE); Harcha (ES)
Distribution: Morocco; Western Sahara; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (SE-Egypt); Canary Isl. [I] (Gran Canaria [I]); Mauritania; Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, Hejaz, Asir); Qatar; United Arab Emirates; Yemen (W-Yemen)
20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN WSA 21 cny 22 MTN 35 QAT SAU UAE YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium hispidissimo-pustulatum Sennen; Diagn. Nouv. 131 (1936)
= Echium longifolium var. maroccanum Ball; Spicil. Fl. Marocc. [Ball] 576 (1878)
= Echium maroccanum (Ball) Murb.; Acta Univ. Lund. 34: Afd. 2(7): 12 (1898)
= Echium melillense Pau; Bol. Real Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 24: 100 (1924)
species :
Echium humile
Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 1: 165 (1798)
subspecies :
subsp. humile
Name: Niedriger Natternkopf
Distribution: Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; N-Chad (Tibesti)
20 ALG LBY MOR TUN 24 CHA
Synonyms: hidden
= Anchusa humilis (Desf.) I.M.Johnst.; Contr. Gray Herb., Ser. 2, 73: 55 (1924)
= Echium angustifolium Lam.; Tabl. Encycl. 1: 412 (1792) (non Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8, no. 6 (1768))
= Echium angustifolium var. grandiflorum Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 29: 123 (1882)
= Echium angustifolium var. humile (Desf.) Coincy; J. Bot. [Morot] 16: 217 (1902), nom. illeg.
= Echium angustifolium var. humile Rouy; Rev. Sci. Nat. (Montpellier), Sér. 3, 3: 239 (1883)
= Echium angustifolium var. parviflorum Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 29: 123 (1882)
= Echium humile var. fallax Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 20: 191 (1929)
= Echium humile var. saharicum Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 20: 191 (1929)
= Echium humile var. subtrygorrhizum Maire; Mém. Acad. Sci. Inst. France 62: 27 (1935)
= Echium pycnanthum subsp. humile (Desf.) Jahand. & Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 605 (1934), nom. superfl.
= Echium thellungii Sennen & Mauricio; Diagn. Nouv. 238 (1936)
subspecies :
subsp. caespitosum
(Maire) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 11: 36 (1981)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium humile var. albiflorum Dobignard; Candollea 47: 440 (1992)
= Echium pycnanthum subsp. caespitosum Maire; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 21-22: 11 (1930)
subspecies :
subsp. nanum
(Coincy) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 36 (1981)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium angustifolium var. nanum Coincy; J. Bot. [Morot] 16: 219 (1902)
= Echium pycnanthum subsp. nanum (Coincy) Jahand. & Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 605 (1934)
subspecies :
subsp. pycnanthum
(Pomel) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 11(1): 37 (1981)
Distribution: SE-Spain; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Mauritania; Chad
12 SPA 20 ALG MOR TUN 22 MTN 24 CHA
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium angustifolium var. eriobotryum (Pomel) Coincy; J. Bot. [Morot] 16: 220 (1902)
= Echium angustifolium var. heterophyllum Coincy; J. Bot. [Morot] 16: 218 (1902)
= Echium angustifolium var. mogadorense (Coincy) Coincy; J. Bot. [Morot] 16: 218 (1902)
= Echium angustifolium var. onosmoides (Pomel) Coincy; J. Bot. [Morot] 16: 217 (1902)
= Echium aurelianum Sennen & Mauricio; Diagn. Nouv. 237 (1936)
= Echium densiflorum Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atlant. 1: 92 (1874) non DC.
= Echium eriobotryum Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atlant. 1: 92 (1874)
= Echium font-queri Sennen; Diagn. Nouv. 196 (1936)
= Echium humile var. pycnanthum (Pomel) Lacaita; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 44: 376 (1919)
= Echium laurentii Sennen & Mauricio; Diagn. Nouv. 237 (1936)
= Echium mogadorense Coincy; J. Bot. [Morot] 14: 106 (1900)
= Echium onosmoides Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atlant. 2: 295 (1874)
= Echium pycnanthum Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 296 (1875)
= Echium pycnanthum var. djenelense Le Houér.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 107: 26 (1960)
= Echium pycnanthum var. eriobotryum (Pomel) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 25: 310 (1934)
= Echium pycnanthum var. fallaciosum Maire & Weller; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 30: 292 (1939)
= Echium pycnanthum var. garianicum Maire & Weller; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 30: 292 (1939)
= Echium pycnanthum var. heterophyllum (Coincy) Jahand. & Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 3: 605 (1934)
= Echium pycnanthum var. mogadorense (Coincy) Jahand. & Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 3: 605 (1934)
= Echium pycnanthum var. pseudosericeum Maire & Weller; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 30: 292 (1939)
species :
Echium hypertrophicum
Webb; Niger Fl. [W.J.Hooker] 155 (1849)
Distribution: Cape Verde Isl. (Santo Antao Isl., Ilha de Sao Tiago, Fogo Isl., Ilha Brava)
21 CVI
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium hypertropicum var. nudum Coincy; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 3: 497 (1903), nomen
species :
Echium italicum
L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 139 (1753)
subspecies :
subsp. italicum
Name: Italian viper´s bugloss (EN), Hoher Natternkopf (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Austria; Slovakia; Hungary; NE-Spain; Baleares; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Malta; +San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; ?Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Ukraine; Crimea; Australia [I] (South Australia [I], New South Wales [I]); USA [I] (Maryland [I])
11 AUT ger HUN SLO 12 BAL COR FRA SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO ITA KOS MLT NMA ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB 14 KRY UKR 50 aus 78 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium altissimum Jacq.; Fl. Austriac. [Jacquin] 5: 35, t. 16 (1778)
= Echium balearicum Porta; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 19: 318 (1887)
= Echium collinum Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 114 (1796)
= Echium elongatum Lam.; Tabl. Encycl. 1: 412 (1791)
= Echium glomeratum Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 3: 106 (1847)
= Echium italicum proles luteum Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 10: 305 (1908)
= Echium italicum subsp. altissimum (Jacq.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 515 (1881)
= Echium italicum var. balearicum (Porta & Rigo) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 14: 90 (1983)
= Echium linearifolium Moench; Methodus [Moench], Suppl. 149 (1802), nom. illeg.
= Echium luteum Lapeyr.; Hist. Pl. Pyrenées 91 (1813)
= Echium pyramidale Lapeyr.; Hist. Pl. Pyrenées 90 (1813)
= Echium pyramidatum A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 10: 23 (1846)
= Echium pyrenaicum L.; Mant. Pl. 334 (1767)
= Echium pyrenaicum var. balearicum (Porta) Lacaita; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 47: 414 (1926)
= Echium pyrenaicum var. italicum (L.) DC.; Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp. 25 (1813), nom. superfl.
= Echium ramosum Gaterau; Descr. Pl. Montauban 46 (1789)
= Echium strictissimum Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 471 (1866)
= Isoplesion italicum (L.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 86 (1836)
subspecies :
subsp. albereanum
(Naudin & Debeaux) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 14: 39 (1984)
Distribution: France
12 FRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium albereanum Naudin & Debeaux; Rech. Fl. Pyrénées Orient. 1: 79 (1878)
subspecies :
subsp. biebersteinii
(Lacaita) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 11: 37 (1981)
Name: Italienischer Natternkopf (DE); Pale Bugloss (EN)
Distribution: France; Italy; Croatia; Albania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread, incl. many islands); Crete; European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Egypt (NW-coastal Egypt); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Badakshan, Baghlan, Herat, Laghman, Takhar); Cyprus (C-Mountains, SE-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Syria (coastal W-Syria)
12 FRA 13 ALB BUL CRO GRC ITA KRI TUE 14 KRY RUS UKR 20 EGY 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG CYP EAI IRN IRQ SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium biebersteinii (Lacaita) Dobrocz.; Fl. Evropeískoí Chasti S.S.S.R. 5: 138 (1981)
= Echium italicum var. biebersteinii Lacaita; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 44: 408 (1919)
subspecies :
subsp. scaettae
(Pamp.) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 11: 37 (1981)
Distribution: Libya
20 LBY
Conservation Status: IUCN R
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium italicum var. scaettae Pamp.; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 31: 223 (1924)
= Echium scaettae (Pamp.) Pamp.; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 34: 962 (1927)
subspecies :
subsp. siculum
(Lacaita) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 11: 37 (1981)
Distribution: Sicily
13 SIC
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium italicum var. siculum Lacaita; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 44: 408 (1919)
species :
Echium judaeum
Lacaita; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 44: 366 (1919)
Distribution: Lebanon (Antilebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (Jbel Druze); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, Judean Desert, S-Negev Desert, C-Israel); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania)
34 ISR JOR LEB SYR
species :
Echium khuzistanicum
Mozaff.; Iran. J. Bot. 6(2): 236 (1994)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Echium leucophaeum
(Webb ex Christ) Webb ex Sprague & Hutch.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1914: 119 (1914)
Name: Weißblättriger Natternkopf (DE); Taginaste de Anaga (ES)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (Tenerife)
21 CNY
Conservation Status: IUCN V
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium aculeatum var. leucophaeum Webb ex Christ; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 9: 128 (1887)
= Echium giganteum var. leucophaeum (Christ) Bornm.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 33: 466 (1904)
species :
Echium longifolium
Delile; Descr. Égypte, Hist. Nat. 184, t. 16, f. 3 (1812)
Distribution: Libya; Egypt (Eastern Desert, Great Southwestern Desert, NE-Egypt, Nile Delta, Nile Valley, SE-Egypt); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai, S-Sinai); Saudi Arabia (NE-Saudi Arabia, N-Saudi Arabia, Asir); Yemen (N-Inner Yemen, W-Yemen)
20 EGY LBY 34 SIN 35 SAU YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium longifolium var. macrocalycinum Maire & Weiller; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 30: 293 (1939)
species :
Echium lusitanicum
L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 140 (1753)
Name: Violet-vein viper´s bugloss
Distribution: Portugal; WC-Spain; USA [I] (California [I])
12 POR SPA 76 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium broteri Samp. ex Cout.; Bol. Soc. Brot. 21: 113 (1906)
= Echium italicum var. lusitanicum (L.) Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 1: 185 (1811)
species :
Echium modestum
Ball; J. Bot. 11: 373 (1873)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium australe var. brevicalyx Murb.; Contr. Fl. Maroc [Murbeck] 2: 23 (1923)
= Echium barrattei Coincy; J. Bot. [Morot] 16: 228 (1902)
= Echium modestum var. barrattei (Coincy) Maire; Pl. Marocc. Nov. 3: 5 (1930)
= Echium modestum var. brevicalyx (Murb.) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 3: 607 (1934)
= Echium modestum var. wilczekianum Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 22: 307 (1931)
species :
Echium montenielluense
Delage; Candollea 73(2): 194 (2018)
Distribution: France
12 FRA
species :
Echium nervosum
Dryand.in Aiton; Hort. Kew., ed. 2 [W.T.Aiton] 2: 800 (1810)
Distribution: Madeira (Madeira Isl., Ilhas Desertas, Porto Santo Isl.)
21 MDR
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium nervosum var. laxiflorum Menezes; Fl. Madeira 180 (1914)
species :
Echium onosmifolium
Webb & Berthel.; Hist. Nat. Îles Canaries (Phytogr.) 3: 46 (1850)
subspecies :
subsp. onosmifolium
Name: Lotwurzblättriger Natternkopf (DE); Taginaste negro (ES)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (Gran Canaria)
21 CNY
subspecies :
subsp. spectabile
G.Kunkel; Cuad. Bot. Canaria 26-27: 77 (1976)
Name: Ansehnlicher Natternkopf (DE); Taginaste de Tasartico (ES)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (Gran Canaria)
21 CNY
Conservation Status: IUCN V
species :
Echium orientale
L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 139 (1753)
Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium grandiflorum Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 115 (1796)
= Macielia arborea Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 87 (1841)
= Macielia vandellii Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 101 (1841)
= Megacaryon armenum Boiss.; Pl. Or. Nov. (dec. prim.) 7 (1875)
= Megacaryon orientale (L.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4(1): 204 (1875)
= Onosma megalosperma Boiss.; Pl. Orient. Nov. 1: 8 (1875)
species :
Echium pabotii
Mouterde; Saussurea 4: 20 (1974)
Distribution: Syria (Jazira)
34 SYR
species :
Echium parviflorum
Moench; Methodus [Moench] 423 (1794)
Name: Kleinblütiger Natternkopf (DE); Small-flowered Bugloss (EN)
Distribution: Portugal [I]; E-Spain; Gibraltar; Baleares; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Malta; Croatia; Albania; Greece (coastal, incl. most islands); Crete; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos); Turkey (S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, NW-Syria)
12 BAL COR FRA GIB por SAR SPA 13 ALB CRO GRC ITA KRI MLT PEL SIC 20 ALG LBY MOR TUN 34 EAI SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium calycinum Viv.; Ann. Bot. (Genoa) 1(2): 164 (1804)
= Echium cossyrense Lojac.; Fl. Sicul. [Lojacono] 2(2): 80 (1907)
= Echium creticum Lindl.; Fl. Graec. [Sibthorp] 2: 69 (1836), nom. illeg.
= Echium lusitanicum All.; Fl. Pedem. 1: 52 (1785)
= Echium ovatum Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 8: 666 (1808)
= Echium parviflorum var. vivianii Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 10: 311 (1908)
= Echium prostratum Ten.; Fl. Napol. 1: t. 12 (1812)
= Echium spurium Lojac.; Fl. Sicul. [Lojacono] 2(2): 80 (1907)
species :
Echium perezii
Sprague; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1914: 210 (1914)
Name: Caldera-Natternkopf (DE); Taginaste rosado (ES)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (La Palma)
21 CNY
Conservation Status: IUCN R
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium bourgaeanum var. trichosiphon Svent.; Veg. Fl. Forest. Canar. Occ. 409 (1951)
= Echium coeleste Stapf; Bot. Mag. 148: t. 8977 (1923)
= Echium wildpretii subsp. trichosiphon (Svent.) Bramwell; Lagascalia 2(1): 78 (1972)
species :
Echium petiolatum
Barratte & Coincy; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 1: 1306 (1901)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
species :
Echium pininana
Webb & Berthel.; Hist. Nat. Îles Canaries (Phytogr.) 3: 44 (1850)
Name: Riesen-Natternkopf (DE); Pininana (ES), Giant Viper´s-bugloss (EN)
Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Isle of Man [I], Isles of Scilly [I]); Ireland [I] (Ireland [I], Northern Ireland [I]); Spain [I]; Channel Isl. [I]; Canary Isl. (La Palma); New Zealand [I]; Chatham Isl. [I]
10 grb ire 12 cis spa 21 CNY 51 ctm nzl
Conservation Status: IUCN V
species :
Echium pitardii
A.Chev.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] Verd. 183 (1935)
Name: Lanzarote-Natternkopf (DE); Viborina de Lanzarote (ES)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (Lanzarote)
21 CNY
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium lancerottense Lems & Holzapfel; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 95: 50 (1968)
= Echium lancerottense var. macrantha Lems & Holzapfel; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 95: 52 (1968)
= Echium pitardii var. macrantha (Lems & Holzapfel) Bramwell; Cuad. Bot. Canaria 12: 4 (1971)
species :
Echium plantagineum
L.; Mant. Pl. 202 (1771)
Name: Wegerich-Natternkopf (DE); Salvation jane, Purple Viper´s-bugloss (EN); Palomina (ES)
Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Isle of Man [I], Scotland [I], Isles of Scilly [I]); Ireland [I] (Ireland [I], Northern Ireland [I]); Germany [I]; Portugal; Spain; Gibraltar; Baleares; France; Channel Isl.; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Malta; Slovenia; Croatia; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread, incl. most islands); Crete; Belarus; C-European Russia; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (NW-coastal Egypt); Azores (Santa Maria Isl., Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Graciosa, Sao Jorge, Pico, Faial, Flores Isl.); Madeira (Madeira Isl., Ilhas Desertas, Porto Santo Isl.); Islas Selvagens; Canary Isl. (Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma); Ethiopia [I]; Kenya [I]; Tanzania [I]; Zimbabwe [I]; South Africa [I] (widespread); Lesotho [I]; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus); Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, NW-Syria, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (Rift Valley, N-Israel); Jordania (W-Jordania); India [I] (Punjab [I]); Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], Northern Territory [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); Norfolk Isl. [I]; New Zealand [I]; Canada [I] (Manitoba [I], Newfoundland [I], Ontario [I]); USA [I] (California [I], Massachusetts [I], New York [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I]); Brazil [I]; Uruguay [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (O´Higgins [I], Maule [I], Ñuble [I], Biobío [I], Araucanía [I])
10 grb ire 11 ger 12 BAL CIS COR FRA GIB POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MLT MNT NMA PEL PTL SIC SLV SRB TUE 14 BLR KRY RUS 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 21 AZO CNY MDR SEL 24 eth 25 ken tan 26 zim 27 les saf 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 CYP EAI ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR 40 ind 50 aus nfk 51 nzl 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 75 usa 76 usa 84 bra 85 arg cle uru
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium alonsoi Sennen & Mauricio; Diagn. Nouv. 237 (1936)
= Echium bonariense Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 8: 674 (1808)
= Echium creticum subsp. plantagineum (L.) Malag.; Acta Phytotax. Barcinon. 18: 9 (1976 publ. 1977)
= Echium diffusum Jan ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 515 (1881), nom. inval.
= Echium longistamineum Pourr. ex Lapeyr.; Hist. Pl. Pyrenées Suppl. 29 (1818)
= Echium lycopsis L.; Fl. Angl. [Linnaeus] 12 (1754), nom. rej.
= Echium maritimum Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 1: 788 (1798)
= Echium murale Hill; Brit. Herb. [Hill] 388 (1756), opus utique oppr.
= Echium orientale Stephan; Enum. Stirp. Agr. Mosq. 124 (1792)
= Echium plantagineum f. roseum H.Lindb.; Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn., Ser. B, Opera Biol. 1(2) (Itin. Medit.): 124 (1932)
= Echium plantagineum var. album Mattos; Loefgrenia 85: 2 (1984)
= Echium plantagineum var. maroccanum Sennen; Diagn. Nouv. 109 (1936)
= Echium plantagineum var. monodasystemon Beauverd & Felipp.; Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève, Sér. 2, 13: 7 (1921)
= Echium plantagineum var. sennenii (Pau) Sauvage & Vindt; Trav. Inst. Sci. Chérifien, Sér. Bot. 3: 176 (1954)
= Echium plantaginifolium L. ex Moris; Atti Riunione Sci. Ital. 8: 564 (1847)
= Echium plantaginoides Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 4: 19 (1819)
= Echium pseudoviolaceum Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 470 (1866)
= Echium sennenii Pau; Mém. Real Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 363 (1924)
= Echium violaceum L.; Mant. Pl. 1: 42 (1767)
= Echium violaceum var. medium Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 204 (1898)
= Echium vulgare subsp. violaceum (L.) Ces.; Not. Nat. Civ. Lombardia [Cattaneo] 306 (1844)
species :
Echium portosanctense
J.A.Carvalho, Pontes, Bat.-Marques & R.Jardim; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 67(2): 89 (2010)
Distribution: Madeira (Porto Santo)
21 MDR
species :
Echium rauwolfii
Delile; Descr. Égypte, Hist. Nat. 195, t. 19, f. 3 (1813-1814)
Distribution: Algeria; Libya; Egypt (Desert Oases, Great Southwestern Desert, NE-Egypt, Nile Delta, Nile Valley, NW-coastal Egypt, SE-Egypt); Sudan; Cyprus (N-Cyprus); Israel (Rift Valley, Judean Desert, S-Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, S-Sinai); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, NE-Saudi Arabia, N-Saudi Arabia, Hejaz, Asir, Nejd Desert); Yemen (N-Inner Yemen)
20 ALG EGY LBY 24 SUD 34 CYP ISR SIN 35 SAU YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium dalmaticum Tausch; Flora (Regensburg) 14: 20 (1831)
= Echium margaritaceum Lehm.; Pl. Asperif. Nucif. 446 (1818)
= Echium pictum Jan ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4(2): 207 (1879)
= Echium tinctorium Viv.; Pl. Aegypt. Dec. 24 (1830)
species :
Echium rosulatum
Lange; Index Sem. (Copenhagen) 1854: 22 (1855)
subspecies :
subsp. rosulatum
Distribution: Portugal; W-Spain
12 POR SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium rosulatum subsp. campestre Samp. ex Cout.; Fl. Portugal 502 (1913)
subspecies :
subsp. davaei
(Rouy) Cout.; Fl. Portugal 502 (1913)
Distribution: Portugal (Islas Berlengas)
12 POR
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium davaei Rouy; La Natural. (1882) no. 47 ex Bolet. Broter. 2: 23 (1884)
= Echium rosulatum subsp. stenophyllum Cout.; Fl. Portugal 502 (1913)
= Echium rosulatum var. davaei (Rouy) Cout.; Bol. Soc. Brot. 21: 123 (1906)
species :
Echium rubrum
Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 41 (1775)
Distribution: Libya; Egypt
20 EGY LBY
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium spathulatum Viv.; Fl. Libyc. Spec. 8, t. 9, f. 1 (1824)
= Echium verecundum Viv.; Pl. Aegypt. Dec. 25 (1830), nom. illeg.
= Isoplesion rubrum (Forssk.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 86 (1838)
species :
Echium sabulicola
Pomel; Bull. Soc. Sci. Phys. Algérie 11: 90 (1874) (´sabulicolum´)
subspecies :
subsp. sabulicola
Distribution: E-Spain; Baleares; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Greece [I]; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt
12 BAL COR FRA SAR SPA 13 grc ITA PEL SIC 20 ALG EGY LBY TUN
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium confusum var. sabulicola (Pomel) Batt.; Fl. Algérie [Battandier et al.] Dicot. 236 (1905), nom. superfl.
= Echium confusum var. bracteatum Sommier ex Pamp.; Piantae Tripol. [Pampanini] 196 (1914)
= Echium sabulicola var. gussonei Klotz; Wiss. Z. Martin-Luther-Univ. Halle-Wittenberg, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 9: 1090 (1962)
subspecies :
subsp. decipiens
(Pomel) G.Klotz; Wiss. Z. Martin-Luther-Univ. Halle-Wittenberg, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 11: 1091 (1962)
Distribution: E- & S-Spain; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya
12 SPA 20 ALG LBY MOR TUN
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium abdelrahmanii Sennen; Diagn. Nouv. 132 (1936)
= Echium augustini Sennen & Mauricio; Cat. Fl. Rif Orient. 145 (1933), nomen
= Echium briquetii Sennen; Diagn. Nouv. 110 (1936)
= Echium confusum Coincy; J. Bot. [Morot] 14: 298 (1900)
= Echium confusum var. decipiens (Pomel) Coincy; J. Bot. [Morot] 16: 230 (1902)
= Echium confusum var. perplexans (Maire) Sauvage & Vindt; Trav. Inst. Sci. Chérifien, Sér. Bot. 3: 184 (1954)
= Echium decipiens Pomel; Bull. Soc. Sci. Phys. Algérie 11: 91 (1874)
= Echium espagnolis Sennen & Mauricio; Cat. Fl. Rif Orient. 145, nomen (1933), et Diagn. Nouv. 236 (1951)
= Echium hispidissimum Sennen ex Sauvage & Vindt; Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 33: 172 (1953), nom. illeg.
= Echium horrendum Sennen & Mauricio; Diagn. Nouv. 132 (1936)
= Echium jahandiezii Sennen & Mauricio; Diagn. Nouv. 297 (1936)
= Echium masguindalii Sennen; Diagn. Nouv. 109 (1936)
= Echium modestum var. decipiens (Pomel) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 3: 607 (1934)
= Echium modestum var. masguindalii (Sennen) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 3: 607 (1934)
= Echium ortizii Sennen; Campagn. Bot. 24 (1936)
= Echium paniaguae Sennen & Mauricio; Diagn. Nouv. 247 (1936)
= Echium perplexans Maire; Arch. Sci. Maroc 3 (Pl. Marocc. Nov. 3): 5 (1930)
= Echium proditorum Sennen & Mauricio; Diagn. Nouv. 131 (1936)
= Echium pulchrum Sennen & Mauricio; Diagn. Nouv. 237 (1936)
= Echium riofrioi Sennen; Diagn. Nouv. 197 (1936)
= Echium sabulicola var. briquetii (Sennen) Klotz; Wiss. Z. Martin-Luther-Univ. Halle-Wittenberg, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 11: 1093 (1962)
= Echium sabulicola var. confusum (Coincy) Klotz; Wiss. Z. Martin-Luther-Univ. Halle-Wittenberg, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 11: 1090 (1962)
= Echium sabulicola var. decipiens (Pomel) G.Klotz; Wiss. Z. Martin-Luther-Univ. Halle-Wittenberg, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 11: 1091 (1962)
= Echium tercianum Sennen; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 23: 260 (1932), nom. inval.
subspecies :
subsp. rifeum
(Pau) Valdés; Lagascalia 27: 62 (2007)
Distribution: Morocco; ?Algeria
20 MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium confusum subvar. rifeum (Pau) Sauvage & Vindt; Trav. Inst. Sci. Chérifien, Sér. Bot. 3: 183 (1954)
= Echium confusum var. philothei (Sennen) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 3: 607 (1934)
= Echium maireanum Sennen; Diagn. Nouv. 160 (1936)
= Echium modestum var. rifanum Maire; Pl. Marocc. Nov. 3: 5 (1930)
= Echium modestum var. vidalii (Senne) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 3: 607 (1934)
= Echium philothei Sennen; Diagn. Nouv. 108 (1936)
= Echium rifeum Pau; Trab. Mus. Nac. Ci. Nat., Ser. Bot. 11: 27 (1917)
= Echium sabulicola var. rifeum (Pau) Klotz; Wiss. Z. Martin-Luther-Univ. Halle-Wittenberg, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 9: 1091 (1962)
= Echium vidalii Sennen; Diagn. Nouv. 109 (1936)
species :
Echium salmanticum
Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 10 (1816)
Distribution: Portugal; WC-Spain
12 POR SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium lusitanicum subsp. polycaulon (Boiss.) P.E.Gibbs; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 64: 379 (1971)
= Echium polycaulon Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 11: 92 (1849)
species :
Echium simplex
DC.; Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp. 108 (1813)
Name: Einfacher Natternkopf (DE); Taginaste simple (ES)
Distribution: Madeira [I] (Madeira Isl. [I]); Canary Isl. (Tenerife); St. Helena [I]; Australia [I] (Northern Territory [I])
21 CNY mdr 28 sth 50 aus
Conservation Status: IUCN V
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium creticum Sims; Bot. Mag. 1: t. 19 (1787), nom. illeg.
species :
Echium stenosiphon
Webb; Niger Fl. [W.J.Hooker] 155, t. 15 (1849)
subspecies :
subsp. stenosiphon
Distribution: Cape Verde Isl. (Santo Antao Isl., Sao Vicente Isl., Santa Luzia Isl., Ilha de Sao Nicolau)
21 CVI
subspecies :
subsp. glabrescens
(Pett.) Romeiras & M.C.Duarte; Taxon 60(5): 1383 (2011)
Distribution: Cape Verde Isl.
21 CVI
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium glabrescens Pett.; Comm. Biol., Hels. 22: No. 9 (Coll. Vasc. Pl. C. Verde Isl.) 39 (1960)
subspecies :
subsp. lindbergii
(Pett.) Bramwell; Lagascalia 2(1): 97 (1972)
Distribution: Cape Verde Isl. (Santo Antao Isl.)
21 CVI
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium lindbergii Pett.; Comm. Biol., Hels. 22: No. 9 (Coll. Vasc. Pl. C. Verde Isl.) 36 (1960)
species :
Echium strictum
L.f.; Suppl. Pl. 130 (1782)
subspecies :
subsp. strictum
Name: Steifer Natternkopf (DE); Taginaste chico canario (ES)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma)
21 CNY
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium ambiguum DC.; Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp. 107 (1813)
= Echium fastuosum Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 114 (1796)
= Echium fastuosum J.Jacq.; Ecl. Pl. Rar. 1: t. 41 (1813)
= Echium foliosum Lehm.; Pl. Asperif. Nucif. 412 (1818)
= Echium lineatum J.Jacq.; Ecl. Pl. Rar. 1: 62 (1815)
= Echium lineolatum Webb & Berthel.; Hist. Nat. Îles Canaries (Phytogr.) 3(2, 3): 46 (1844)
= Echium molle Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 8: 663 (1808)
= Echium strictum var. lineolatum (Webb & Berthel.) Christ; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 9: 128 (1887)
subspecies :
subsp. gomeraeum
(Pit.) Bramwell; Lagascalia 2(1): 96 (1972)
Name: Steifer Natternkopf (DE); Taginaste chico gomero (ES)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (La Gomera)
21 CNY
Conservation Status: IUCN R
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium lineatum var. gomerae Pit.; Îles Canaries [Pitard & Proust] 277 (1908)
subspecies :
subsp. exasperatum
(Webb) Bramwell; Bot. Not. 124(3): 377 (1971), without basionym ref., et Lagascalia,2(1): 95 (1972)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (Tenerife)
21 CNY
Conservation Status: IUCN V
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium exasperatum Webb ex Coincy; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 3: 491 (1903)
species :
Echium suffruticosum
Barratte; Explor. Sci. Tunisie, Cat. Pl. 300 (1896)
Distribution: Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia
20 ALG MOR TUN
species :
Echium sventenii
Bramwell; Bot. Not. 125(2): 140 (1972), et Lagascalia 2(1): 81 (Sept. 1972)
Name: Sventenius´ Natternkopf (DE); Taginaste de Adeje (ES)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (Tenerife)
21 CNY
Conservation Status: IUCN V
species :
Echium tenue
Roth; Catal. Bot. 2: 16 (1800)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium aequale Coincy; J. Bot. [Morot] 16: 232 (1902)
= Echium dumosum Coincy; J. Bot. [Morot] 14: 231 (1900)
= Echium micranthum Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 4: 25 (1819), nom. illeg.
= Echium micranthum Schousb.; Kongel. Danske Vidensk.-Selsk. Skr. 1: 75 (1801), non Roem. & Schult.
= Echium micranthum var. exsertum H.Lindb.; Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn., Ser. B, Opera Biol. 1(2) (Itin. Medit.): 124 (1932)
= Echium micranthum var. inclusum H.Lindb.; Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn., Ser. B, Opera Biol. 1(2) (Itin. Medit.): 124 (1932)
= Echium parviflorum Willd.; Enum. Pl. [Willdenow] 1: 187 (1809), nom. illeg.
= Echium sabulicola var. tenue (Roth) Hadidy; Fl. Egypt Checkl. 123 (1995)
= Echium tenue subsp. dumosum (Coincy) G.Klotz; Wiss. Z. Martin-Luther-Univ. Halle-Wittenberg, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 11: 710 (1962)
= Echium tuberculatum f. micranthum (Schousb.) Pau
= Larephes parviflorum (Willd.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 86 (1836)
species :
Echium thyrsiflorum
Masson ex Link; Phys. Beschr. Canar. Ins. [Buch] 144 (1828)
Name: Enzian-Natternkopf (DE); Taginaste palmero de cumbre (ES)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (La Palma)
21 CNY
Conservation Status: IUCN V
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium fastuosum Banks ex Link; Phys. Beschr. Canar. Ins. [Buch] 144 (1828)
= Echium gentianoides Webb ex Coincy; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 3: 498 (1903)
species :
Echium triste
Svent.; Addit. Fl. Canar. 1: 49 (1960)
subspecies :
subsp. triste
Name: Dunkler Natternkopf (DE); Viborina triste de Gran Canaria (ES)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (Gran Canaria)
21 CNY
Conservation Status: IUCN V
subspecies :
subsp. nivariense
(Svent.) Bramwell; Lagascalia 2(1): 73 (1972)
Name: Teneriffa-Natternkopf (DE); Viborina triste (ES)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (Tenerife, La Gomera)
21 CNY
Conservation Status: IUCN V
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium triste var. nivariense Svent.; Addit. Fl. Canar. 1: 51 (1960)
= Echium triste var. gomeraeum Svent.; Addit. Fl. Canar. 1: 51 (1960)
species :
Echium trygorrhizum
Pomel; Bull. Soc. Sci. Phys. Algérie 11: 94 (1874)
Distribution: Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Mauritania
20 ALG LBY MOR TUN 22 MTN
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium pycnanthum subsp. trygorrhizum (Pomel) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 605 (1934)
species :
Echium tuberculatum
Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 1: 183 (1811)
Distribution: Portugal; Morocco; Algeria; Libya
12 POR 20 ALG LBY MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium angustifolium Link ex Willk. & Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 486 (1870) non L.
= Echium canum var. microcalycinum Emb. & Maire; Pl. Marocc. Nov. 2: 6 (1929)
= Echium hoffmannseggii Litard.; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 32: 318 (1942) (nom. illeg.)
= Echium hoffmanseggii f. nanum R.Fern.
= Echium paniculatum Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 10 (1816) non Thunb. 1794
= Echium pustulatum Lehm.; Pl. Asperif. Nucif. 448 (1818) non Sibth. & Sm.
= Echium pustulatum var. paniculatum (Lag.) Pau & Font Quer; Iter. Marocc. 1927, no. 501 (1928), in sched.
= Echium tuberculatum f. nanum (R.Fern.) P.Silva; Agron. Lusit. 40(1): 30 (1980)
= Echium tuberculatum subsp. densiflorum Cout.; Fl. Portugal 501 (1913)
= Echium tuberculatum subsp. latifolium (Hoffmanns. & Link) Cout.; Fl. Portugal 501 (1913)
= Echium tuberculatum var. densiflorum Cout.; Bol. Soc. Brot. 21: 118 (1906)
= Echium tuberculatum var. latifolium Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 1: 184 (1811)
species :
Echium velutinum
Coincy; J. Bot. [Morot] 16: 260 (1900)
subspecies :
subsp. velutinum
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
subspecies :
subsp. versicolor
(H.Lindb.) Sauvage & Vindt; Trav. Inst. Sci. Chérifien, Sér. Bot. 3: 179 (1954)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium mentagense Maire; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 15: 49 (1928)
= Echium mentagense var. versicolor (H.Lindb.) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 3: 609 (1934)
= Echium velutinum var. mentagense (Maire) G.Klotz; Wiss. Z. Martin-Luther-Univ. Halle-Wittenberg, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 11: 1101 (1962)
= Echium versicolor H.Lindb.; Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn., Ser. B, Opera Biol. 1(2) (Itin. Medit.): 125 (1932)
subspecies :
subsp. vilmorinianum
(Sauvage & Vindt) G.Klotz; Wiss. Z. Martin-Luther-Univ. Halle-Wittenberg, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 11: 1101 (1962)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium michaelis f. leiochelis Maire & Weiller; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 31: 28 (1940)
= Echium michaelis Maire & Wilczek; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 25: 310 (1934)
= Echium velutinum var. michaelis (Maire & Wilczek) Sauvage & Vindt; Fl. Maroc [Sauvage & Vindt] 2: 179 (1954)
= Echium vilmorinianum Sauvage & Vindt; Compt.-Rend. Séances Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 19: 24 (1953)
species :
Echium virescens
DC.; Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp. 107 (1813)
Name: Grünlicher Natternkopf (DE); Taginaste azul de Tenerife (ES)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (Tenerife)
21 CNY
Conservation Status: IUCN R
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium strictum Lam.; Tabl. Encycl. 1: 414 (1792), nom. illeg.
= Echium virescens var. angustissimum Bolle ex Christ; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 9: 127 (1887)
= Echium virescens var. candollei Coincy; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 3: 269 (1903)
species :
Echium vulcanorum
A.Chev.; Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 15: 915 (1935)
Distribution: Cape Verde Isl. (Fogo Isl.)
21 CVI
species :
Echium vulgare
L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 139 (1753)
subspecies :
subsp. vulgare
Name: Gewöhnlicher Natternkopf, Stolzer Heinrich (DE), Common Viper´s-bugloss (EN)
Distribution: England (England, Wales, Isle of Man, Scotland, Outer Hebrides, Shetland Isl., Isles of Scilly); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; France; Channel Isl. (Alderney, Guernsey, Jersey, Sark); Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (N- & NC-Greece, Epirus, Thasos, Samothraki); Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco [I]; Algeria [I]; South Africa [I]; Lesotho [I]; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia [I], Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, W-Siberia); Russian Far East (Khabarovsk [I], Primorye [I], Sakhalin [I]); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Georgia [Caucasus]; Turkey (N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia); Cyprus; China (N-Xinjiang); Australia [I] (South Australia [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); New Zealand [I]; Alaska [I]; Canada [I] (Alberta [I], British Columbia [I], Manitoba [I], New Brunswick [I], Newfoundland [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Prince Edward Isl. [I], Québec [I], Saskatchewan [I]); USA [I] (Arkansas [I], Colorado [I], Connecticut [I], District of Columbia [I], Delaware [I], Georgia [I], Iowa [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Kansas [I], Kentucky [I], Louisiana [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], Maine [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Missouri [I], Montana [I], North Carolina [I], Nebraska [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New Mexico [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Oklahoma [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], South Carolina [I], South Dakota [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Utah [I], Virginia [I], Vermont [I], Washington State [I], Wisconsin [I], West Virginia [I], Wyoming [I]); Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Coquimbo [I], Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], O´Higgins [I], Maule [I], Ñuble [I], Biobío [I], Araucanía [I], Los Rios [I], Los Lagos [I], Aisén [I], Magallanes [I])
10 DEN FIN GRB IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO CIS COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT RUS UKR 20 alg mor 27 les saf 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 GEO 34 CYP TUR 36 CHI 50 aus 51 nzl 70 ask 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 85 arg cle
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium anglicum Huds.; Fl. Angl. [Hudson] 70 (1762)
= Echium asturicum Lacaita; Cavanillesia 1: 8 (1928)
= Echium elegans Noë ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 514 (1881)
= Echium laetum Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 115 (1796)
= Echium lusitanicum Georgi; Beschr. Nation. Russ. Reich, Nachtr. 260 (1802)
= Echium molle Petter ex Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 1: 336 (1831)
= Echium monstrosum F.W.Schmidt ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 541 (1840)
= Echium parviflorum St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 144 (1880), nom. illeg.
= Echium polymorphum Fieber; Oekon.-Techn. Fl. Böhm. [Berchtold et al.] 102 (1839)
= Echium schifferi Lange; Syll. Pl. Nov. (Ratisb.) 2: 218 (1828)
= Echium spinescens G.Klotz; Wiss. Z. Martin-Luther-Univ. Halle-Wittenberg, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 11: 294 (1962)
= Echium tenoreanum Lacaita; J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 44: 387 (1919)
= Echium tuberculatum Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 27 (1782), opus utique oppr.
= Echium vaudense Gremli; Beitr. Fl. Schweiz 83 (1870)
= Echium violaceum Stokes; Bot. Arr. Brit. Pl., ed. 2, 1: 201 (1787), nom. illeg.
= Echium vulgare proles wierzbickii (Haberle ex Rchb.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 10: 306 (1908)
= Echium vulgare f. albiflorum R.Hoffm.; Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 26: 318 (1922)
= Echium vulgare subsp. asturicum (Lacaita) G.Klotz; Wiss. Z. Martin-Luther-Univ. Halle-Wittenberg, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 11: 704 (1962)
= Echium vulgare subsp. schifferi Corb.; Nouv. Fl. Normandie 405 (1894)
= Echium vulgare var. album Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 357 (1821 publ. 1822)
= Echium vulgare var. angustifoliun Klett & Richt.; Fl. Leipzig 187 (1830)
= Echium vulgare var. carneum Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 2: 31 (1828)
= Echium vulgare var. grandiflorum Bertol.
= Echium vulgare var. hirsutum Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. 1: 169 (1827)
= Echium vulgare var. hispidum Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. 1: 169 (1827)
= Echium vulgare var. minus Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 2: 31 (1828)
= Echium vulgare var. monstrosum F.W.Schmidt; 3 (1794)
= Echium vulgare var. parviflorum Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 2: 31 (1828)
= Echium vulgare var. vallesiacum Jaccard; 264 (1895)
= Echium vulgare var. violaceum Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 357 (1821 publ. 1822)
= Echium vulgare var. violaceum Pohl; Tent. Fl. Bohem. 1: 186 (1809)
= Echium vulgare var. wierzbickii (Haberle ex Rchb.) Coste; Fl. Descr. France 2: 594 (1903)
= Echium vulgare var. wierzbickii (Haberle ex Rchb.) Hampe; 15 (1836)
= Echium wierzbickii Haberle ex Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 336 (1831)
subspecies :
subsp. pustulatum
(Sm.) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France 223 (1894)
Distribution: Portugal; Spain; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; +San Marino; Croatia; USA [I] (District of Columbia [I], Indiana [I], Kentucky [I], Massachusetts [I], New Jersey [I], Pennsylvania [I], Virginia [I], West Virginia [I])
12 COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 CRO ITA SIC SMA 75 usa 78 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium argentae Pau; Not. Bot. Fl. Españ. 1: 22 (1887)
= Echium asturicum var. strigosum Lacaita; Cavanillesia 1: 9 (1928)
= Echium hispanicum Asso; Syn. Stirp. Aragon. 162 (1779)
= Echium lacaitae Sennen; Cavanillesia 2: 26 (1929), et Bol. Soc. Iber. Ci. Nat. 29: 43 (1930)
= Echium pustulatum Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. [Sibthorp] 1: 125 (1806)
= Echium vulgare proles pustulatum (Sm.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 10: 307 (1908)
= Echium vulgare subsp. argentae (Pau) Font Quer; Fl. Cardó 121 (1950)
= Echium vulgare subsp. pustulatum (Sm.) E.Schmid & Gams; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi, Begr.] 5: 2195 (1927), isonym
= Echium vulgare var. argentae (Pau) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 14: 91 (1983)
= Echium vulgare var. lacaitae (Sennen) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 14: 91 (1983)
= Echium vulnerans Merino; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 3: 189 (1904)
species :
Echium webbii
Coincy; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 3: 270 (1903)
Name: Webbs Natternkopf (DE); Arrebol azul (ES)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (La Palma)
21 CNY
Conservation Status: IUCN R
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium bifrons Webb & Berthel.; Hist. Nat. Îles Canaries (Phytogr.) 3(2, 3): 43 (1844), nom. illeg.
= Echium bifrons DC.; Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp. 107 (1813)
species :
Echium wildpretii
H.Pearson ex Hook.f.; Bot. Mag. t. 7847 (1902)
Name: Wildprets Natternkopf (DE); Taginaste rojo (ES)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (Tenerife)
21 CNY
Conservation Status: IUCN R
Synonyms: hidden
= Echium bourgaeanum Webb ex Coincy; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 3: 275 (1903)
species :
Echium ×bailaderense
A.A.Weller; Vieraea 47: 56 (2021)
Distribution: Canary Isl.
21 CNY
Remarks: Echium strictum x leucophaeum
species :
Echium ×bond-spraguei
Sprague & Hutch.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1914(3): 120 (1914)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (La Palma)
21 CNY
Remarks: Echium brevirame x webbii
species :
Echium ×bramwellii
Kunkel; Cuad. Bot. Canaria 16: 41 (1972)
Distribution: Canary Isl.
21 CNY
Remarks: Echium hierrense x simplex
species :
Echium ×lemsii
G.Kunkel; Cuad. Bot. Canaria 28: 13 (1976 publ. 1977)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (Gran Canaria)
21 CNY
Remarks: Echium decaisnei x strictum
species :
Echium ×lidii
Kunkel; Cuad. Bot. Canaria 16: 42 (1972)
Distribution: Canary Isl.
21 CNY
Remarks: Echium decaisnei x virescens
species :
Echium ×taibiquense
P.Wolff & Rosinski; Vieraea 27: 9 (1999)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (Hierro)
21 CNY
Remarks: Echium aculeatum x E. hierrense
