450.0000
Family
Asteraceae Dumort.; Comment. Bot. 55 (1822)
1620 genera, ca. 29.000 spp. (35.000 spp. incl. microspecies). Systematics taken mostly from Funk et al. (2009, 2020) and other recent publications. Barnadesioideae might be its own family, related to Calyceraceae.
Species listed in database: 35163; hybrids: 686
= Acarnaceae Link; (1829)
= Ambrosiaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin 254 (1820), nom. cons.
= Anthemidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Aposeridaceae Raf.; New Fl. N. Amer. 4: 106 (1838)
= Arctotaceae Bessey; Nebraska Univ. Stud. 14: 107 (1914)
= Arctotidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Artemisiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 48 (1820)
= Athanasiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 56 (1820)
= Calendulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Carduaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Carlinaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Centaureaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Cichoriaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. 168 (1789), nom. cons.
= Cnicaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 297 (1818)
= Compositae Giseke; Prael. Ord. Nat. Pl. 538 (1792), nom. cons.
= Coreopsidaceae Link; Handbuch 1: 768 (1829)
= Cynaraceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. 926, 931, 1094, 1111 (1835)
= Echinopaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Eupatoriaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin 253 (1820)
= Gnaphaliaceae Link ex F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg. 46 (1830)
= Grindeliaceae Rchb. ex A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 330 (1907)
= Heleniaceae Raf.; Cincinnati Lit. Gaz. 2: 28 (1824)
= Helianthaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Helichrysaceae Link; Handbuch 1: 712 (1829)
= Inulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Ivaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 1: 31 (1837)
= Lactucaceae Drude; J. A. Schenk, Handb. Bot. 3(2): 369 (1886)
= Lapsanaceae Martinov; (1820)
= Madiaceae A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 332 (1907)
= Matricariaceae Voigt; Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 400 (1845)
= Mutisiaceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. 934, 935, 1094, 1111 (1835)
= Nassauviaceae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch. 290 (1836)
= Partheniaceae Link; Handbuch 1: 816 (1829)
= Perdiciaceae Link; Handbuch 1: 728 (1829)
= Picridaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 482 (1820)
= Santolinaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 560 (1820)
= Senecionaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Serratulaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 577 (1820)
= Tanacetaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 298 (1818)
= Tussilagaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Vernoniaceae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch. 296 (1836)
= Xanthiaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 298 (1818)
= Xeranthemaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. 498 (1843)
450.3131
Genus
Echinops L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 814 (1753)
Distribution: mostly semiarid regions of C-Asia, W-Asia and Mediterranean, few extending to temperate latitudes (frequently escaped), few to trop. Africa and trop. Asia
Species listed in database: 218; hybrids: 1
= Acantholepis Less.; Linnaea 6: 88 (1831)
= Echinanthus Neck.; Elem. Bot. 1: 91 (1790), nom. inval.
= Psectra (Endl.) Tomsovic; Preslia 69: 33 (1997)
= Ruthrum Hill; Veg. Syst. 5: 56 (1763)
= Sphaerocephalus Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891), nom. illeg.
species :
Echinops abazariae
Mozaff.; Iran. J. Bot. 11(2): 231 (2006)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Echinops aberdaricus
R.E.Fr.; Acta Horti Berg. 8: 40 (1925)
Distribution: Kenya (mountains); Tanzania
25 KEN TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops oehlerianus O.Hoffm. ex Jaeger; Mitteil. Deutsch. Schutsgeb. Erganz. 4: 91 (1911) (nomen), et ex Mattf., Engl. Jahrb. 59: Beibl. 133, 67 (1924). descr.
species :
Echinops abstersibilis
Iljin; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 3: 179 (1922)
Distribution: Uzbekistan; Tajikistan
32 TZK UZB
species :
Echinops abuzinadianus
Chaudhary; Fl. Kingdom Saudi Arabia 2(3): 198, 418 (2000), nom. inval.
Distribution: Saudi Arabia
35 SAU
species :
Echinops acantholepis
Jaub. & Spach; Illustr. 3: 99 (1847)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey (E-Anatolia); Iraq (SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia, S-Iraq, W-Iraq: Desert); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Helmand); Syria (C-Syrian Desert); Israel (Rift Valley, Judean Desert, Negev Desert); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (Dahana); Pakistan (Baluchistan)
32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE 34 AFG IRN IRQ ISR JOR SYR TUR 35 SAU 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Acantholepis orientalis Less.; Linnaea 6: 88 (1831)
= Echinops olivieri Jaub. & Spach; Illustr. 3: 100 (1847)
species :
Echinops adenocaulos
Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 1, 10: 88 (1849)
Distribution: Lebanon; Israel (coastal W-Israel, N-Israel); Jordania (W-Jordania)
34 ISR JOR LEB
species :
Echinops adenoclados
(Hedge) C.Vural; Türk. Bitkileri List. 157 (2012)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops pungens var. adenoclados Hedge; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 33(2): 239 (1974)
species :
Echinops afghanicus
Gilli; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 68: 95 (1963)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Kabul, Nangarhar, Paktia / Khost, Parwan)
34 AFG
species :
Echinops albicaulis
Kar. & Kir.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 15: 387 (1842)
Distribution: Kazakhstan
32 KAZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Sphaerocephalus albicaulis (Kar. & Kir.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
species :
Echinops amoenus
Rech.f.; Candollea 29: 128 (1974)
Distribution: Iraq (NE-Iraq)
34 IRQ
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops amoenus (Rech.f.) Rech.f.; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 139a: 58 (1979)
species :
Echinops amplexicaulis
Oliv.; Trans. Linn. Soc. 29: (1873) 101, t. 67
Distribution: Nigeria; Cameroon; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania
22 NGA 23 BUR CAF CMN RWA ZAI 24 ETH SSU 25 KEN TAN UGA
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops claessensii De Wild.; Pl. Bequaert. 5: 447 (1932)
= Echinops koroboroi De Wild.; Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot., Sér. 5, 2(2): 216 (1907)
= Echinops neumannii O.Hoffm.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 38: 210 (1906)
= Echinops ruspolianus O.Hoffm. ex Mattf.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 59: Beibl. 48 (1924)
= Echinops sidamensis Cufod.; Senck. Biol. 47: 261 (1966)
= Sphaerocephalus amplexicaulis (Oliv.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
species :
Echinops angustilobus
S.Moore; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 35: 363 (1902)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Kenya
24 ETH 25 KEN
species :
Echinops antalyensis
C.Vural; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 49(1-2): 95 (2012)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Echinops arachniolepis
Rech.f.; Candollea 29: 131 (1974)
Distribution: Iran (NE-Iran: Mts.)
34 IRN
species :
Echinops araneosus
Lazkov; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 33: 228 (2001)
Distribution: Kyrgyzstan
32 KGZ
species :
Echinops armatus
Steven; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 29: (1856) II. 38
Distribution: Ukraine; Crimea
14 KRY UKR
species :
Echinops armenus
Grossh.; Act. Hort. Tiflis, Ser. 2(1): 36 (1920)
Distribution: Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan)
33 ARM AZE
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops araxinus Mulk.; Proc. Acad. Sci. Armen. SSR 12(1): 29 (1950), reimpr.
species :
Echinops atrox
Kit Tan; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 32(2): 117 (1995)
Distribution: Oman
35 OMA
species :
Echinops aucheri
Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 1, 6: 98 (1846)
Distribution: Iran (S-Iran, SW-Iran)
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops aucheri f. myriocephalus (Rech.f., Aellen & Esfand.) Parsa; Fl. Iran [ed. M. Assadi et al.] 10: 85 (1980)
= Echinops myriocephalus Rech.f., Aellen & Esfand.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 97: 240 (1950)
= Sphaerocephalus aucheri (Boiss.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
species :
Echinops austroiranicus
Mozaff.; Iran. J. Bot. 11(2): 204 (2006)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Echinops avajensis
Mozaff.; Iran. J. Bot. 11(2): 207 (2006)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Echinops babatagensis
Tscherneva; Fl. Uzbekist. [A.N.Sennikov] 6: 218, 513 (1962)
Distribution: Uzbekistan; Tajikistan
32 TZK UZB
species :
Echinops bakhtiaricus
Rech.f.; Anz. Österr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 89: 260 (1951)
Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)
34 IRN
species :
Echinops bampsianus
Lisowski; Bull. Jard. Bot. Nation. Belg., 59(1-2): 255 (1989)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]
23 ZAI
species :
Echinops bannaticus
Rochel ex Schrad.; Blumenbachia 48 (1827)
Name: Banater Kugeldistel (DE)
Distribution: England [I]; Ireland [I]; Norway [I]; Belgium [I]; Germany [I]; Switzerland [I]; France [I]; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; N-Greece (rare, Pindos to Falakron)
10 grb ire nor 11 bgm ger swi 12 fra 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC KOS MNT NMA ROM SRB
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops quercifolius Freyn; Bull. Herb. Boiss. 3: 356 (1895)
= Echinops rochelianus Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2: 229 (1846)
= Echinops ruthenicus Rchb.; Iconogr. Bot. Pl. Crit. 5: t. 450 (1827), nom. illeg.
= Sphaerocephalus bannaticus (Rochel ex Schrad.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
species :
Echinops barezicus
Montaz. & Mozaff.; Phytotaxa 263(2): 83 (2016)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Echinops borae
C.Vural; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 49(1-2): 97 (2012)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Echinops bovei
Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 1, 6: 99 (1846)
Distribution: Morocco; Algeria (incl. Hoggar); Tunisia; Libya
20 ALG LBY MOR TUN
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops spinosissimus subsp. bovei (Boiss.) Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)
= Echinops spinosus subsp. bovei (Boiss.) Murb.; Acta Univ. Lund. ser. 2, sect. 2, 19(1): 59 (1923)
= Echinops spinosus var. fallax Faure & Maire
= Echinops spinosus var. tmarae Sauvage
= Sphaerocephalus bovei (Boiss.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
species :
Echinops brevipenicillatus
Tscherneva; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 16: 51 (1961)
Distribution: Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Tajikistan
32 TKM TZK UZB
species :
Echinops buhaitensis
Mesfin; Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 23b: 617 (1990)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
species :
Echinops candelabrum
Rech.f.; Candollea 29: 132 (1974)
Distribution: Iraq (NE-Iraq)
34 IRQ
species :
Echinops cephalotes
DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 526 (1838)
Distribution: Iran (EC-Iran, SW-Iran); Pakistan (Baluchistan)
34 IRN 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops candidus Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 10: 86 (1849)
= Echinops stapfianus Parsa; Kew Bull. 3: 207 (1948)
= Sphaerocephalus cephalotes (DC.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
species :
Echinops ceratophorus
Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 1, 6: 100 (1846)
Distribution: Iran (EC-Iran, W-Iran); Saudi Arabia (NE-Saudi Arabia, Dahana)
34 IRN 35 SAU
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops farsicus Rech.f.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 97: 245 (1950)
= Echinops khorassanicus var. farsicus (Rech.f.) Parsa; Fl. Iran [ed. M. Assadi et al.] 10: 80 (1980)
= Sphaerocephalus ceratophorus (Boiss.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
species :
Echinops cervicornis
Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 36 2: 214 (1918)
Distribution: Iran (EC-Iran)
34 IRN
species :
Echinops chantavicus
Trautv.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 39(1): 365 (1866)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan
32 KAZ KGZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Sphaerocephalus chantavicus (Trautv.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
species :
Echinops chardinii
Boiss. & Buhse; Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 12: 124 (1860)
Distribution: Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran)
34 IRN IRQ
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops mosulensis Rech.f.; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 139a: 54 (1979)
= Echinops mosulensis var. papillosus Mozaff.; Fl. Iran 59: 345 (2008)
species :
Echinops chloroleucus
Rech.f.; K. Danske Vid. Selsk., Biol. Skrift. 8: No. 2 (Symb. Afgh. II.) 62 (1955)
Distribution: Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Badakshan, Wakhan, Baghlan, Bamyan, Faryab, Kunar / Nuristan, Wardak, Parwan, Samangan, Takhar); Pakistan (Chitral)
32 TZK 34 AFG 40 PAK
species :
Echinops chlorophyllus
Rech.f.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 97: 243 (1950)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Bamyan, Ghazni, Kabul, Orozgan / Daykundi, Paktia / Khost, Parwan)
34 AFG
species :
Echinops chodzha-mumini
Rassulova & B.A.Sharipova; Fl. Tadzhiksk. S.S.R. 9: 531, 501 (1988)
Distribution: Tajikistan
32 TZK
species :
Echinops chorassanicus
Bunge; Bull. Acad. Sci. Pétersb. 6: 405 (1863)
Distribution: Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts.)
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Sphaerocephalus chorassanicus (Bunge) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
species :
Echinops conrathii
Freyn; Bull. Herb. Boiss. 3: 356 (1895)
Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia
33 ARM GEO
species :
Echinops coriophyllus
C.Shih; Bull. Bot. Lab. N.-E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 5: 63, photo. 1 (1979)
Distribution: China (Jiangsu)
36 CHI
species :
Echinops cornigerus
DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 525 (1838)
Distribution: Uzbekistan; Tajikistan; Pakistan (Gilgit, Hunza, Astor, Baltistan, Skardu, Chitral); Nepal; N-India (Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand); Myanmar (Chin, Mandalay)
32 TZK UZB 40 IND NEP PAK 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops coriarius C.B.Clarke; Compos. Ind. 212 (1876)
= Echinops polygraphus Tscherneva; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 16: 52 (1961)
= Echinops tibeticus Bunge; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 6: 404 (1863)
= Sphaerocephalus cornigerus (DC.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
species :
Echinops cyanocephalus
Boiss. & Hausskn.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 434 (1875)
Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Sphaerocephalus cyanocephalus (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
species :
Echinops cyrenaicus
Durand & Barratte; Fl. Libyc. Prodr. 137 (1910)
Distribution: Libya
20 LBY
species :
Echinops dagestanicus
Iljin; Grossh., Fl. Kavkaza [Grossheim], ed. 1, 4: 157 (1934)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Azerbaijan; Transcaucasus
33 AZE NCS
species :
Echinops dasyanthus
Regel & Schmalh. ex Regel; Pl. Nov. Fedsch. 47 (1882)
Distribution: Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan
32 KGZ TZK UZB
Synonyms: hidden
= Sphaerocephalus dasyanthus (Regel & Schmalh.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
species :
Echinops davuricus
Fisch. ex DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 523 (1837) (dahuricus auct.)
Distribution: Siberia (Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk); Russian Far East (Amur); China (Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi); Mongolia; North Korea
30 SIB 31 RFE 36 CHI 37 MON 38 NKO
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops davuricus var. angustilobus DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 523 (1837)
= Echinops davuricus var. latilobus DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 523 (1837)
= Echinops gmelinii Ledeb.; Fl. Altaic. 4: 45 (1833), nom. illeg.
= Echinops latifolius f. angustilobus (DC.) Kitag.; Neolin. Fl. Manshur. 642 (1979)
= Echinops latifolius Tausch; Flora (Regensburg) 11: 486 (1828)
= Echinops latifolius var. manshuricus (Kitag.) C.Y.Li; Clav. Pl. Chin. Bor.-Or., ed. 2 (ed. P. Y. Fu): 694 (1995)
= Echinops manshuricus Kitag.; J. Jap. Bot. 40: 135 (1965)
= Echinops pratensis Turcz. ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 2: 653 (1845)
= Echinops ritro Georgi; Bemerk. Reise Russ. Reich 1: 231 (1775), nom. illeg.
= Echinops ruthenicus Fisch. ex Besser; Enum. Pl. Volh. 77 (1822), nom. illeg.
= Echinops sphaerocephalus Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 182 (1866), nom. illeg.
= Spaerocephalus davuricus (Fisch. ex DC.) Kuntze ex Kom.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 25: 713 (1907), as ´dahuricus´
= Sphaerocephalus latifolius (Tausch) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
species :
Echinops delicatus
Mozaff.; Iran. J. Bot. 11(2): 209 (2006)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Echinops descendens
Hand.-Mazz.; Ann. K.K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 27: 438 (1913)
Distribution: Iraq (NW-Iraq); Syria (Jazira)
34 IRQ SYR
species :
Echinops dichrous
Boiss. & Hausskn.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 431 (1875)
Distribution: Iran (S-Iran, SW-Iran)
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Sphaerocephalus dichrous (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
species :
Echinops dissectus
Kitag.; Rept. First Sci. Exped. Manchoukuo 4(2): 118 (1935)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Amur, Primorye); China (N-Hebei, SW-Heilongjiang, W-Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shandong, Shanxi)
31 RFE 36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops gmelini Kom.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 25: 713 (1907), non Ledeb.
species :
Echinops dubjanskyi
Iljin; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 3: 176 (1922)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan
32 KAZ TKM UZB
species :
Echinops dumanii
C.Vural; Turk. J. Bot. 34(6): 514 (2010)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Echinops ecbatanus
Bornm. ex Rech.f.; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 139a: 32, t. 20. 71, f. 3 (1979)
Distribution: Iran (EC-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran)
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops ecbatanus Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 36 2: 212 (1918) (nom. nud.)
species :
Echinops echinatus
Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 62 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 3: 447 (1832)
Distribution: Pakistan (Sind, Karachi, Baluchistan, Kurram, Pakistani Punjab, Mirpur, Hunza, Baltistan); India (Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, West Bengal); Myanmar (widespread)
40 IND PAK 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops spinosus Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 2985 (1831), nomen
= Serratula indica Russ. ex Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 2985 F (1831), nomen
= Sphaerocephalus echinatus (Roxb.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
species :
Echinops ellenbeckii
O.Hoffm.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 38: 208 (1906)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
species :
Echinops elymaiticus
Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 36 2: 207 (1918)
Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)
34 IRN
species :
Echinops emiliae
O.Schwarz ex P.H.Davis; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 69, f. 1. V (1956)
Distribution: Turkey (SW-Anatolia)
34 TUR
species :
Echinops endotrichos
Rech.f.; Candollea 29: 129 (1974)
Distribution: Iran (S-Iran, SW-Iran)
34 IRN
species :
Echinops erinaceus
Kit Tan; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 32(2): 124 (1995)
Distribution: Saudi Arabia; Oman; S-Yemen
35 OMA SAU YEM
species :
Echinops erioceras
Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 36 2: 207 (1918)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Echinops eryngiifolius
O.Hoffm.; Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C 419 (1895)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; Uganda; Kenya
23 BUR RWA ZAI 25 KEN UGA
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops bromeliifolius Baker; Hooker´s Icon. Pl., t. 2514 (1897)
= Echinops lineari-lancifolius De Wild.; Pl. Bequaert. 5: 448 (1932)
species :
Echinops exaltatus
Schrad.; Hort. Götting. 15 (1809)
Name: Drüsenlose Kugeldistel, Hohe Kugeldistel (DE)
Distribution: England [I]; Denmark [I]; Norway [I]; Sweden [I]; Netherlands [I]; Belgium [I]; Luxembourg [I]; Germany [I]; Austria [I]; Poland [I]; Czech Republic [I]; Slovakia; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Serbia; Kosovo; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Ukraine; Canada [I] (New Brunswick [I], Ontario [I], Québec [I]); USA [I] (Washington [I])
10 den grb nor swe 11 aut bgm cze ger lux net pol SLO 12 FRA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO ITA KOS ROM SLV SRB 14 UKR 72 cdn 73 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops commutatus f. sectatus A.T.Szabó; Ind. Sem. Not. Bot. Cluj, 1970: 68 (1971)
= Echinops commutatus Juratzka; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 8: 17 (1858)
= Echinops eglandulosus Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 426 (1866)
= Echinops exaltatus W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. ed. II: 452 (1843)
= Echinops globifer Janka; Linnaea 30: 581 (1859)
= Echinops mollis Schur; Verh. Siebenb. Ver. Naturw. 4: 34 (1853)
= Echinops ritro Schkuhr; Bot. Handb. 3: t. 268 (1802), nom. illeg., non L.
= Echinops strictus Fisch. ex Sims; Bot. Mag. t. 2457 (1824)
= Sphaerocephalus commutatus (Jur.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
= Sphaerocephalus exaltatus (Schrad.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
species :
Echinops fastigiatus
Kamelin & Tscherneva; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 8: 243 (1971)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan
32 KAZ KGZ
species :
Echinops faucicola
Rech.f.; Candollea 29: 130 (1974)
Distribution: Iraq (NE-Iraq)
34 IRQ
species :
Echinops fedtschenkoi
Iljin; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 3: 177 (1922)
Distribution: Uzbekistan; Tajikistan
32 TZK UZB
species :
Echinops foliosus
Sommier & Levier; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 16: 248 (1900)
Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]
33 GEO
species :
Echinops fontqueri
Pau; Exsicc. (Iter Marocc.) 409 (1928), et Cavanillesia 2: 94 (1929)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops bovei var. mekinensis Emb. & Maire
= Echinops maurus Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 22: 52 (1931)
= Echinops spinosissimus subsp. fontqueri (Pau) Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)
= Echinops spinosus subsp. fontqueri (Pau) Valdés; Lagascalia 18(2): 306 (1996)
= Echinops spinosus var. maurus (Maire) Maire
= Echinops spinosus var. mekinensis (Emb. & Maire) Maire
species :
Echinops fraudator
C.C.Towns.; Kew Bull. 43: 113, f. 1 (1988)
Distribution: Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran)
34 IRN IRQ
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops armatus var. cryptadenus Rech.f.; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 139a: 44 (1979)
= Echinops armatus var. papillosus Rech.f.; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 139a: 45 (1979)
= Echinops kermanshahanicus var. papillosus (Rech.f.) Mozaff.; Iran. J. Bot. 11: 234 (2006)
= Echinops rechingeri var. cryptadenus (Rech.f.) Negaresh; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien B 121: 302 (2019)
= Echinops rechingeri var. papillosus (Rech.f.) Negaresh; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien B 121: 302 (2019)
species :
Echinops freitagii
Rech.f.; Candollea 29(1): 132 (1974)
Distribution: Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts.); Afghanistan (Herat)
34 AFG IRN
species :
Echinops gaillardotii
Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 2, 3: 38 (1856)
Distribution: Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel); Jordania (W-Jordania)
34 ISR JOR LEB
Synonyms: hidden
= Sphaerocephalus gaillardotii (Boiss.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
species :
Echinops galalensis
Schweinf.; Asch. & Schweinf., Suppl. Ill. Fl. Égypte 2: 762 (1889)
Distribution: Libya; Egypt (Eastern Desert, NE-Egypt, SE-Egypt); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai, S-Sinai); Saudi Arabia (Hejaz, Asir)
20 EGY LBY 34 SIN 35 SAU
species :
Echinops gedrosiacus
Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 36 2: 218 (1918)
Distribution: Iran (S-Iran, SW-Iran)
34 IRN
variant :
var. glaber
Mozaff.; Fl. Iran [ed. M. Assadi et al.] 59: 294 (2008)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Echinops ghoranus
Rech.f.; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 139a: 23, t. 11, f. 1 (1979)
Distribution: Iran (NE-Iran: Mts.); Afghanistan (Ghorat, Herat)
34 AFG IRN
species :
Echinops giganteus
A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 449 (1848)
Distribution: Nigeria; Cameroon; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Uganda; Tanzania
22 NGA 23 CMN RWA ZAI 24 ETH SSU 25 TAN UGA
Conservation Status: IUCN NT (Cameroon)
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops bequaertii De Wild.; Rev. Zool.-Bot. Africaines 8(Suppl. Bot.): 3 (1920)
= Echinops brevisetus S.Moore; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 37: 174 (1905)
= Echinops francinianus Pic.Serm.; Miss. Stud. Lago Tana 7: Ricerche Bot., Pt. 1, 165 (1951)
= Echinops kulsii Cufod.; Senck. Biol. 47: 260 (1966)
= Echinops negrii Chiov.; Ann. Bot. (Rome) 9: 77 (1911)
= Echinops nistrii Pic.Serm.; Miss. Stud. Lago Tana 7: Ricerche Bot., Pt. 1, 167 (1951)
= Echinops ochroleucus Mattf.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 59: Beibl. 133, 63 (1924)
= Echinops seretii De Wild.
= Echinops seretii var. setifer Mattf.
= Echinops velutinus O.Hoffm.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 30: 440 (1901)
= Sphaerocephalus giganteus (A.Rich.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
species :
Echinops glaberrimus
DC.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 2, 2: 260 (1834)
Distribution: Egypt (Eastern Desert); Israel (Rift Valley); Sinai peninsula (S-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, Hejaz, Asir, Nejd Desert)
20 EGY 34 ISR JOR SIN 35 SAU
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops prescottii Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 525 (1838)
= Echinops spinosus Bové ex DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 525 (1838), nom. inval.
= Sphaerocephalus glaberrimus (DC.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
species :
Echinops glandulosopunctatus
Rech.f.; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 139a: 24, t. 12. 69, f. 2 (1979)
Distribution: Iran (S-Iran)
34 IRN
species :
Echinops gmelinii
Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 5: 195 (1832)
Distribution: Siberia (Tuva); Kazakhstan; China (Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Xinjiang); Mongolia
30 SIB 32 KAZ 36 CHI 37 MON
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops turczaninovii Ledeb. ex Turcz.; Diss. Echin. 28 (1833)
= Sphaerocephalus gmelinii (Turcz.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
species :
Echinops gracilis
O.Hoffm.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 55: Mem., VIII. 42 (1908)
Distribution: Nigeria; Cameroon; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Chad; ?South Sudan; Uganda
22 NGA 23 CAF CMN ZAI 24 CHA 25 UGA
species :
Echinops graecus
Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8, no. 4 (1768)
Distribution: Greece (S-Thessalia, Evvoia, Attiki, Argolis, Kiklades)
13 GRC
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops grandiflorus E.D.Clarke; Travels Eur. Asia & Africa 2: 452 (1811)
= Echinops lanuginosus Lam.; Encyc. 3: 317 (1786)
= Echinops tenuissimus Lindl.; Sibth. & Sm., Fl. Graec. 10: 19 (1840)
= Sphaerocephalus graecus (Mill.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
species :
Echinops griffithianus
Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 2, 3: 39 (1856)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Ghazni, Kabul, Kandahar, Wardak, Orozgan / Daykundi); Pakistan (Baluchistan, Quetta, Waziristan)
34 AFG 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Sphaerocephalus griffithianus (Boiss.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
species :
Echinops grijsii
Hance; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 5, 5: 221 (1866)
Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangxi, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, S-Liaoning, Shandong, Zhejiang); Taiwan
36 CHI 38 TAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops cathayanus Kitag.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 50: 197 (1936)
species :
Echinops guineensis
C.D.Adams; J. W. African Sci. Assoc. 3: No. 1, 111 (1957)
Distribution: Guinea; Ivory Coast; Cameroon
22 GUI IVO 23 CMN
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops elegans Hutch. & Dalziel; Fl. W. Trop. Afr. 2: 177 (1931) (nom. illeg.)
species :
Echinops haussknechtii
Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 3: 433 (1875), nom. nov.
Distribution: Iraq (NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran)
34 IRN IRQ
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops armatus Boiss. & Hausskn.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 436 (1875) non Steven
= Echinops rechingeri Negaresh; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien B 121: 299 (2019), nom. nov. superfl.
= Sphaerocephalus armatus (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
= Sphaerocephalus haussknechtii (Boiss.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
species :
Echinops hebelepis
DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 524 (1838)
Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Sphaerocephalus hebelepis (DC.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
variant :
var. persepolitanus
(Rech.f.) Parsa; Flore de l´Iran (Publ. Univ. Teheran 1777) 10: 76 (1980)
Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops persepolitanus Rech.f.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 97: 242 (1950)
species :
Echinops hedgei
Kit Tan; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 32(2): 120 (1995)
Distribution: N-Yemen
35 YEM
species :
Echinops heteromorphus
Bunge; Bull. Acad. Sci. Pétersb. 6: 406 (1863)
Distribution: Iran (NE-Iran: Mts.)
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Sphaerocephalus heteromorphus (Bunge) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
species :
Echinops heterophyllus
P.H.Davis; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 72, f. 1, II (1958)
Distribution: Turkey (SE-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)
34 IRN IRQ TUR
species :
Echinops himantophyllus
Mattf.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 59: Beibl. 133. 52 (1924)
Distribution: Nigeria; Cameroon; ?Chad
22 NGA 23 CMN
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops rangei Mattf.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 59: Beibl. 133, 53 (1924)
species :
Echinops hispidus
Fresen.; Mus. Senckenberg. 3: 68 (1845)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Eritrea; Kenya; Tanzania
24 ERI ETH 25 KEN TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops chamaecephalus Hochst. ex A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 448 (1848)
= Echinops gondarensis Chiov.; Ann. Bot. (Rome) 9: 77 (1911)
= Sphaerocephalus chamaecephalus (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
= Sphaerocephalus hispidus (Fresen.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
species :
Echinops hissaricus
Rassulova & B.A.Sharipova; Fl. Tadzhiksk. S.S.R. 9: 530, 498 (1988)
Distribution: Tajikistan
32 TZK
species :
Echinops hoehnelii
Schweinf.; v. Hoehnel, Zum Rudolph See, Append. 11 (1892)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; Ethiopia; Kenya; Tanzania
23 BUR RWA ZAI 24 ETH 25 KEN TAN
species :
Echinops hololeucus
Rech.f.; Anz. Österr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 101: 405 (1964)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Ghorat)
34 AFG
species :
Echinops humilis
M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 3: 598 (1819)
Distribution: Siberia (Altai, Tuva); Kazakhstan; China (SW-Xinjiang); Mongolia
30 SIB 32 KAZ 36 CHI 37 MON
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops dahuricus Trevir.; Index Sem. (Wratislaviensi) 1819: 2 (1819)
= Echinops eriophorus Steven ex DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 523 (1838)
= Echinops lanatus Steven ex DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 523 (1838)
= Echinops platylepis Trautv.; Echinope Gen. 11 (1833)
= Sphaerocephalus humilis (M.Bieb.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
species :
Echinops hussonii
Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 1, 10: 86 (1849)
Distribution: Egypt (SE-Egypt); Sudan; Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, S-Saudi Arabia: Rub to Khali, Asir, Nejd Desert); Yemen (Aden Desert)
20 EGY 24 SUD 35 SAU YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Sphaerocephalus hussonii (Boiss.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
species :
Echinops hystrichoides
Kit Tan; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 32(2): 124 (1995)
Distribution: Saudi Arabia; N-Yemen
35 SAU YEM
species :
Echinops illicifolius
Bunge; Bull. Acad. Sci. Pétersb. 6: 403 (1863)
Distribution: Iran (EC-Iran)
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Sphaerocephalus ilicifolius (Bunge) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
species :
Echinops inermis
Boiss. & Hausskn.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 436 (1875)
Distribution: Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (W-Iran)
34 IRN IRQ
Synonyms: hidden
= Sphaerocephalus inermis (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
species :
Echinops integrifolius
Kar. & Kir.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 14: 446 (1841)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; China (Xinjiang); Mongolia
32 KAZ 36 CHI 37 MON
Synonyms: hidden
= Sphaerocephalus integrifolius Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
species :
Echinops iranshahrii
Rech.f.; Candollea 29: 124 (1974)
Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)
34 IRN
species :
Echinops jaxarticus
Bunge; Mem. Sav. Etr. Petersb. 7: (1851) 350 (Lehm. Rel. 174), et Beitr. Fl. Russl. 174 (1852)
Distribution: Uzbekistan
32 UZB
Synonyms: hidden
= Sphaerocephalus jaxarticus (Bunge) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
species :
Echinops jesdianus
Boiss. & Buhse; Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 12: 125 (1860)
Distribution: Iran (EC-Iran)
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Sphaerocephalus jesdianus (Boiss. & Buhse) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
species :
Echinops kafirniganus
Bobrov; Fl. URSS 27: 18, 714 (1962)
Distribution: Tajikistan
32 TZK
species :
Echinops kandaharensis
Rech.f. & Köie; K. Danske Vid. Selsk., Biol. Skrift. 8: No. 2 (Symb. Afgh. II.) 64 (1955)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Farah, Helmand, Kandahar, Nimroz, Paktia / Khost); Pakistan (Baluchistan)
34 AFG 40 PAK
species :
Echinops karatavicus
Regel & Schmalh.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 5: 256 (1877)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan
32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB
Synonyms: hidden
= Sphaerocephalus karatavicus (Regel & Schmalh.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
species :
Echinops kasakorum
Pavlov; Vestn. Akad. Nauk Kazakhsk. S.S.R. 8: 21 (1950)
Distribution: Kazakhstan
32 KAZ
species :
Echinops kazerunensis
Mozaff.; Iran. J. Bot. 11(2): 211 (2006)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Echinops kebericho
Mesfin; Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 23b: 616 (1990)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
species :
Echinops keredjensis
Rech.f.; Anz. Österr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 89: 261 (1951)
Distribution: Iran (EC-Iran)
34 IRN
species :
Echinops kermanshahanicus
Mozaff.; Iran. J. Bot. 11(2): 234 (2006)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Echinops khansaricus
Mozaff.; Iran. J. Bot. 11(2): 214 (2006)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Echinops khuzistanicus
Mozaff.; Iran. J. Bot. 11(2): 216 (2006)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Echinops knorringianus
Iljin; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 3: 173 (1922)
Distribution: Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan
32 KGZ TZK UZB
species :
Echinops kotschyi
Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 1, 6: 99 (1846)
Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)
34 IRN
species :
Echinops kurdicus
Bunge; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 3, 6: 408 (1863)
Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Sphaerocephalus kurdicus (Bunge) Boiss. & Hausskn.; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
species :
Echinops lalesarensis
Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 36 2: 202 (1918)
Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)
34 IRN
species :
Echinops lanatus
C.Jeffrey & Mesfin; Kew Bull. 45(2): 351 (1990)
Distribution: Cameroon; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania
23 CMN 25 KEN TAN UGA
Conservation Status: IUCN NT (Cameroon)
species :
Echinops laricus
Mozaff.; Iran. J. Bot. 11(2): 219 (2006)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Echinops lasiolepis
Bunge; Bull. Acad. Sci. Pétersb. 6: 379 (1863)
Distribution: Iran (EC-Iran)
34 IRN
species :
Echinops leiopolyceras
Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 36 2: 208 (1918)
Distribution: Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., SW-Iran)
32 TKM UZB 34 IRN
species :
Echinops leiopolyceroides
Mozaff.; Iran. J. Bot. 11(2): 221 (2006)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Echinops leucographus
Bunge; Bull. Acad. Sci. Pétersb. 6: 406 (1863)
Distribution: Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Tajikistan; Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., S-Iran, SW-Iran); Afghanistan (Balkh, Ghorat, Herat, Nangarhar, Samangan)
32 TKM TZK UZB 34 AFG IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops kermanensis Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 60: E. 198 (1939), pro syn.
= Sphaerocephalus leucographus (Bunge) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
species :
Echinops lipskyi
Iljin; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 4: 97 (1923)
Distribution: Uzbekistan; Tajikistan
32 TZK UZB
species :
Echinops longifolius
A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 452, t. 61 (1848)
Distribution: Guinea; Mali; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; S-Chad; Sudan; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya (mountains); Tanzania
22 BEN BKN GHA GUI IVO MLI NGA TOG 23 CAF CMN ZAI 24 CHA ETH SSU SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops bathrophyllus Mattf.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 59: Beibl. 133, 58 (1924)
= Echinops luckii R.E.Fr.; Acta Horti Berg. 8: 43 (1925)
= Echinops luckii var. pinnatiloba Mattf.
= Echinops otarus Mattf.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 59: Beibl. 55 (1924)
= Echinops schweinfurthii Mattf.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 59: Beibl. 54 (1924)
= Echinops serratifolius Sch.Bip.; Linnaea 19: 322 (1846), in obs., et Pollichia, 18-19: 185 (1861)
= Sphaerocephalus longifolius (A.Rich.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
species :
Echinops longipenicillatus
Mozaff. & Ghahr.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 140(2): 181 (2002)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Echinops longisetus
A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 450 (1848)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops hoffmannianus Mattf.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 59: Beibl. 133. 66 (1924)
= Echinops steudneri O.Hoffm.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 24: 476 (1898)
= Sphaerocephalus longisectus (A.Rich.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
species :
Echinops macrochaetus
Fresen.; Mus. Senckenberg. 3: 69 (1840)
Distribution: Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Djibouti; Sinai peninsula (S-Sinai)
24 DJI ERI ETH SUD 34 SIN
Synonyms: hidden
= Sphaerocephalus macrochaetus (Fresen.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
species :
Echinops macrophyllus
Boiss. & Hausskn.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 426 (1875)
Distribution: Turkmenistan; Iran (SW-Iran)
32 TKM 34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Sphaerocephalus macrophyllus (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
variant :
var. laciniatus
Mozaff.; Fl. Iran [ed. M. Assadi et al.] 59: 341 (2008)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
variant :
var. papillosus
Mozaff.; Fl. Iran [ed. M. Assadi et al.] 59: 343 (2008)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Echinops malacophyllus
Rech.f.; K. Danske Vid. Selsk., Biol. Skrift. 8: No. 2 (Symb. Afgh. II.) 66 (1955)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Kabul)
34 AFG
species :
Echinops mandavillei
Kit Tan; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 32(2): 122 (1995)
Distribution: Saudi Arabia
35 SAU
species :
Echinops maracandicus
Bunge; Mem. Sav. Etr. Petersb. 7: (1851) 351 (Rel. Lehm. 175), et Beitr. Fl. Russl. 175 (1852)
Distribution: Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan
32 KGZ TZK UZB
Synonyms: hidden
= Sphaerocephalus maracandicus (Bunge) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
species :
Echinops melitenensis
Hedge & Hub.-Mor.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 33: 237, f. 4 (1974)
Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia)
34 TUR
species :
Echinops mersinensis
Gemici & Leblebici; Candollea 47: 597, f. 1 (1992)
Distribution: Turkey (SSW-Anatolia)
34 TUR
species :
Echinops microcephalus
Sm.; Sibth. & Sm., Fl. Graec. Prodr. [Sibthorp] 2: 209 (1813)
Name: Kleinköpfige Kugeldistel (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Croatia; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (scattered on mainland); East Aegaean Isl. (Chios, Samos, Kos, Nisyros, Tilos); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia)
11 ger 13 ALB BUL CRO GRC KOS NMA ROM SRB TUE 34 EAI TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops dumosus Pancic ex Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30: 11. 688 (1931)
= Sphaerocephalus microcephalus (Sm.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
species :
Echinops mildbraedii
Mattf.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 59: Beibl. 133, 49 (1924)
Distribution: Nigeria; Cameroon; Central African Republic
22 NGA 23 CAF CMN
Conservation Status: IUCN NT (Cameroon)
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops lanceolatus Mattf.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 59: Beibl. 133, 51 (1924)
species :
Echinops multicaulis
Nevski; Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 4: 286 (1937)
Distribution: Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Tajikistan
32 TKM TZK UZB
species :
Echinops nanus
Bunge; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Petersbourg 6(4): 411 (1863)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Wakhan); China (Xinjiang); Mongolia
32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 34 AFG 36 CHI 37 MON
Synonyms: hidden
= Sphaerocephalus nanus (Bunge) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
species :
Echinops nitens
Bornm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 7 (1913)
Distribution: Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq)
34 IRQ
species :
Echinops niveus
Wall. ex DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 526 (1838)
Distribution: Pakistan (Hazara, Murree); Nepal; India (Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Garhwal, Jammu & Kashmir); Myanmar (Mandalay)
40 IND NEP PAK 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops niveus Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 2686 (1830)
= Sphaerocephalus niveus (Wall. ex DC.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
species :
Echinops nizvanus
Rech.f.; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 139a: 76, t. 57. 82, f. 2 (1979)
Distribution: Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran)
34 IRN
species :
Echinops nuratavicus
A.D.Li; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 24: 201 (1987)
Distribution: Uzbekistan
32 UZB
species :
Echinops obliquilobus
Iljin; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 3: 180 (1922)
Distribution: Uzbekistan; Tajikistan
32 TZK UZB
species :
Echinops onopordum
P.H.Davis; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 73, f. 1, III (1956)
Distribution: Turkey (SW-Anatolia)
34 TUR
species :
Echinops opacifolius
Iljin; Grossh., Fl. Kavkaza [Grossheim], ed. 1, 4: 159 (1934)
Distribution: Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Transcaucasus
33 AZE
species :
Echinops orientalis
Trautv.; Echin. Gen. 22 (1833)
Distribution: European Turkey; Northern Caucasus; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran)
13 TUE 33 ARM AZE NCS 34 IRN IRQ TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops byzantinus Formánek; Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn 29: 129 (1890 publ. 1891)
= Echinops elatus Bunge; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 6: 407 (1863)
= Echinops horridus Desf.; Cat. Pl. Horti Paris 1: 94 (1812), nomen
= Echinops orientalis subsp. byzantinus (Formánek) Kozuharov; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 41 (1975)
= Sphaerocephalus horridus (Desf.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
species :
Echinops ossicus
K.Koch; Linnaea 24: 380 (1851)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey (E-Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia)
33 AZE GEO NCS 34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops colchicus Sosn. ex Kem.-Nath.; Bull. Mus. Georgie 4: 138 (1927 publ. 1928)
= Echinops galaticus Freyn; Bull. Herb. Boiss. 3: 355 (1895)
= Sphaerocephalus ossicus (K.Koch) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
species :
Echinops oxyodontus
Bornm. & Diels; Magyar Bot. Lapok 17: 42 (1919)
Distribution: North Macedonia; Bulgaria
13 BUL NMA
species :
Echinops pabotii
Rech.f.; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 139a: 46, t. 33 (1979)
Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)
34 IRN
species :
Echinops pachyphyllus
Rech.f.; Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 72: 280, t. 13, f. a (1959)
Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)
34 IRN
species :
Echinops pannosus
Rech.f.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 97: 244 (1950)
Distribution: Turkey (SSW-Anatolia)
34 TUR
species :
Echinops pappii
Chiov.; Ann. Bot. (Rome) 9: 76 (1911)
Distribution: Mali; Ghana; Niger; Nigeria; ?Cameroon; Central African Republic; Chad (incl. Ennedi); Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Somalia; Kenya; Saudi Arabia (Asir); Yemen (W-Yemen)
22 GHA MLI NGA NGR 23 CAF 24 CHA ERI ETH SOM SUD 25 KEN 35 SAU YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops boranensis Lanza; Missione Biol. Borana 267 (1939)
= Echinops spinosus var. homoiolepis Chiov.; Ann. R. Ist. Bot. Roma 8: 193 (1904)
= Echinops boranensis var. minor Cufod.; N. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. s. 50: 115 (1943)
species :
Echinops paradoxus
Rech.f.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 97: 246 (1950)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Ghazni, Paktia / Khost)
34 AFG
species :
Echinops parviflorus
Boiss. & Buhse; Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 12: 124 (1860)
Distribution: Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, W-Iran)
34 IRN IRQ
Synonyms: hidden
= Sphaerocephalus parviflorus (Boiss. & Buhse) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
species :
Echinops pathanorum
Rech.f.; Candollea 29(1): 125 (1974)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Kunar / Nuristan, Paktia / Khost)
34 AFG
species :
Echinops phaeocephalus
Hand.-Mazz.; Ann. K.K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 27: 439, f. 3, no. 1, t. 18, f. 11 (1913)
Distribution: Turkey (SE-Anatolia)
34 TUR
species :
Echinops philistaeus
Feinbrun & Zohary; Feinbrun & Fertig, Israel J. Bot. 25: 82 (1976)
Distribution: Israel (coastal W-Israel)
34 ISR
species :
Echinops polyacanthus
Iljin; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 4: 102 (1923)
Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Turkey
33 ARM GEO 34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops pungens var. polyacanthus (Iljin) Hedge; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 33(3): 430 (1975)
species :
Echinops polyceras
Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 1, 10: 85 (1849)
Distribution: Iraq (NW-Iraq, W-Iraq: Desert); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jazira, Jbel Druze, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (Rift Valley, N-Israel, N-Negev Desert, Judean Desert, Negev Desert); Jordania (S-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (NE-Saudi Arabia)
34 IRQ ISR JOR LEB SYR 35 SAU
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops blancheanus Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 3: 430 (1875)
= Echinops lasioclinius Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 1, 10: 89 (1849)
= Sphaerocephalus polyceras (Boiss.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
species :
Echinops polychromus
Rech.f.; Anz. Österr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 88: 262 (1951)
Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)
34 IRN
species :
Echinops polygamus
Bunge; Bull. Acad. Sci. Pétersb. 6: 405 (1863)
Distribution: Armenia; Azerbaijan (Nachichevan); Iran (EC-Iran)
33 ARM AZE 34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops grossheimii Iljin; Grossh., Fl. Kavkaza [Grossheim], ed. 1, 4: 160. (1934)
= Sphaerocephalus polygamus (Bunge) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
species :
Echinops praetermissus
Nevski; Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 4: 286 (1937)
Distribution: Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Tajikistan
32 TKM TZK UZB
species :
Echinops prionolepis
Bornm. & Mattf.; Notizbl. Bot. Gard. Berlin-Dahlem 15: 116 (1940)
Distribution: Pakistan (Astor); NW-India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand)
40 IND PAK
species :
Echinops procerus
Mozaff.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 140(2): 183 (2002)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Echinops przewalskii
Iljin; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada S.S.S.R. 4: 108 (1923)
Distribution: China (C-Gansu, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, SE-Shandong, Shanxi, N-Xinjiang)
36 CHI
species :
Echinops psammophilus
Mozaff.; Iran. J. Bot. 11(2): 236 (2006)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Echinops pseudomaracandicus
Rassulova & B.A.Sharipova; Fl. Tadzhiksk. S.S.R. 9: 529, 498 (1988)
Distribution: Tajikistan
32 TZK
species :
Echinops pseudosetifer
Kitag.; Rept. First Sci. Exped. Manchoukuo 4(2): 120 (1935)
Distribution: China (Hebei, Shanxi)
36 CHI
species :
Echinops pubisquameus
Iljin; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 4: 175 (1923)
Distribution: Kazakhstan
32 KAZ
species :
Echinops pungens
Trautv.; Echin. Gen. 18 (1833)
Name: Stechende Kugeldistel (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; ?Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran)
11 ger 33 ARM AZE GEO 34 IRN TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops bornmuelleri Rech.f.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 97: 238 (1950)
= Echinops heldreichii Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 1, 10: 84 (1849)
= Echinops persicus Steven & Fisch. ex Fisch.; Cat. Jard. Gorenki ed. 2: 37 (1812), nomen
= Sphaerocephalus heldreichii (Boiss.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
= Sphaerocephalus pungens (Trautv.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
species :
Echinops quercetorum
Mozaff.; Iran. J. Bot. 14(2): 87 (2008)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Echinops raddeanus
Sommier & Levier; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 2: 90 (1895)
Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]
33 GEO
species :
Echinops rahiminejadii
Negaresh; Taxon. Biosyst. 10(34): 4 (2018), nom. nov.
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops kurdicus Boiss. & Hausskn. ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. (Boiss.) 3. 437 (1875)
species :
Echinops rajasthanensis
R.P.Pandey & V.Singh; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 21(2): 467 (1997)
Distribution: India (Rajasthan)
40 IND
Remarks: status unconfirmed
species :
Echinops rectangularis
Rech.f.; Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 72: 280, t. 13, f. b (1959)
Distribution: Iraq (NE-Iraq)
34 IRQ
species :
Echinops registanicus
Rech.f.; Anz. Österr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 105: 5 (1969)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Farah, Kandahar)
34 AFG
species :
Echinops reticulatus
E.A.Bruce; Kew Bull. 32 (1947)
Distribution: Uganda
25 UGA
species :
Echinops ritro
L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 815 (1753)
subspecies :
subsp. ritro
Name: Glattblättrige Kugeldistel (DE); Small Globe-thistle (EN)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Austria; Poland; Slovakia; Spain; France; +Monaco; Italy; Sicily; Malta; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread on mainland); Estonia; Latvia; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; S-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Northern Caucasus; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey (Central Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Mongolia
11 AUT ger POL SLO 12 FRA MCO SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MLT MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SRB TUE 14 EST KRY LAT MLD RUS UKR 32 KAZ TKM 33 ARM AZE NCS 34 TUR 37 MON
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops australis Ten. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 399 (1879)
= Echinops crispus S.R.Majorov; Opred. Sosud. Rast. Orenburgskoi Oblasti 647 (2009), rossice
= Echinops elegans Bertol.; Fl. Ital. 9: 513 (1854)
= Echinops minor St.-Lag.; Étude Fl., éd. 8 [A. Cariot], 2: 413 (1889)
= Echinops pauciflorus Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 2: 2 (1779)
= Echinops polycephalus Gouan ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 537 (1840)
= Echinops ritro subsp. thracicus (Velen.) Kozuharov; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 42 (1975)
= Echinops ritro var. tenuifolius DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 524 (1837)
= Echinops tauricus Willd. ex Ledeb.; Fl. Altaic. 4: 44 (1833)
= Echinops tenuifolius Fisch. ex Schkuhr; Handb. 3: 181 (1808)
= Echinops thracicus Velen.; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. Prag, Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. 2: 49 (1890), et Vestnika 49
= Echinops virgatus Lam.; Encyc. 2: 287 (1786)
= Echinopus ritro (L.) Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 2: 121 (1771), orth. var.
= Sphaerocephalus ritro (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
variant :
var. elbursensis
(Rech.f.) Parsa; Flore de l´Iran (Publ. Univ. Teheran 1777) 10: 84 (1980)
Distribution: Iran (EC-Iran)
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops elbursensis Rech.f.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 97: 239 (1950)
variant :
var. meyeri
DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 524 (1837)
Distribution: E-European Russia; S-European Russia; Siberia (W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan
14 RUS 30 SIB 32 KAZ UZB
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops ritro subsp. meyeri (DC.) Kozuharov; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 42 (1975)
= Echinops meyeri (DC.) Iljin; Bull. Jard. Bot. Acad. Sci. U.R.S.S.. 1931. 30: 343 (1932)
variant :
var. ruthenicus
(M.Bieb.) Schrad.; 30 (1827)
Name: Southern globe-thistle (EN), Ruthenische Kugeldistel (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Austria; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; Romania; Bulgaria; Greece; Latvia; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; S-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Siberia (Altai, W-Siberia); ?Kazakhstan; Northern Caucasus; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); China (Xinjiang); USA [I] (New York [I], Washington [I])
11 AUT CZE ger HUN SLO 13 BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT ROM SLV SRB 14 KRY LAT MLD RUS UKR 30 SIB 33 ARM AZE NCS 36 CHI 73 usa 75 usa
Remarks: since the distributions overlap almost completely and the differences are obscure, it is probably best to treat this as variety.
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops ritro subsp. sartorianus (Boiss. & Heldr.) Kozuharov; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 42 (1975)
= Echinops ritro subsp. ruthenicus (M.Bieb.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 2: 399 (1879)
= Echinops ruthenicus M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 3: 597 (1819)
= Echinops sartorianus Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 1, 6: 97 (1846)
subspecies :
subsp. siculus
(Strobl) Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)
Distribution: Italy; Sicily; Malta; NW-Greece (Korfu)
13 GRC ITA MLT SIC
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops siculus Strobl; Flora (Regensburg) 65: 505 (1882)
species :
Echinops ritrodes
Bunge; Bull. Acad. Sci. Pétersb. 6: 407 (1863)
Distribution: Turkmenistan; Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran)
32 TKM 34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops kerneri Heimerl ex Stapf; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 50: 61 (1885)
= Sphaerocephalus ritrodes (Bunge) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
species :
Echinops robustus
Bunge; Bull. Acad. Sci. Pétersb. 6: 405 (1863)
Distribution: Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., SW-Iran)
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Sphaerocephalus robustus (Bunge) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
species :
Echinops rubromontanus
Kamelin ex Rassulova & B.A.Sharipova; Fl. Tadzhiksk. S.S.R. 9: 530, 501 (1988)
Distribution: Tajikistan
32 TZK
species :
Echinops sabzevarensis
Mozaff.; Iran. J. Bot. 11(2): 223 (2006)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Echinops sahyadricus
S.More, F.Conti & H.S.Bhosale; Nordic J. Bot. 38(10)-e02860: 2 (2020)
Distribution: India (Maharashtra)
40 IND
species :
Echinops saissanicus
(B.Keller) Bobrov; Fl. URSS 27: 51 (1962)
Distribution: Kazakhstan
32 KAZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops gordjaginii var. saissanicus B.Keller
species :
Echinops saksonovii
Vasjukov; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 106(11): 1127 (2021)
Distribution: E-European Russia
14 RUS
species :
Echinops setifer
Iljin; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada S.S.S.R. 4: 108 (1923)
Distribution: China (Henan, Shandong); North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)
36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO
species :
Echinops shahrudensis
Mozaff. & Ghahr.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 140(2): 186 (2002)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Echinops shakrokii
S.A.Ahmad; Harvard Pap. Bot. 24(2): 71 (2019)
Distribution: Iraq
34 IRQ
species :
Echinops sheilae
Kit Tan; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 32(2): 118 (1995)
Distribution: Saudi Arabia
35 SAU
species :
Echinops shulabadensis
Mozaff.; Iran. J. Bot. 11(2): 225 (2006)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Echinops sintenisii
Freyn; Bull. Herb. Boiss. 3: 353 (1895)
Distribution: Turkey (NE-Anatolia)
34 TUR
species :
Echinops sojakii
Rech.f.; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 139a: 12 (1979)
Distribution: Iran (S-Iran)
34 IRN
species :
Echinops sphaerocephalus
L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 814 (1753)
subspecies :
subsp. sphaerocephalus
Name: Drüsige Kugeldistel (DE), Great globe-thistle (EN)
Distribution: England [I]; Sweden [I]; Netherlands [I]; Belgium [I]; Luxembourg [I]; Germany [I]; Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Spain; Andorra; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Estonia [I]; Latvia [I]; Lithuania [I]; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; NW-European Russia (incl. Kaliningrad region); S-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Siberia (Altai, Krasnoyarsk, W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey (NW-Anatolia: Bithynia); Saudi Arabia (Asir); China (Xinjiang); Australia [I] (New South Wales [I]); Canada (Manitoba [I], Ontario [I], Québec [I], Saskatchewan [I]); USA [I] (California [I], Colorado [I], Connecticut [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Iowa [I], Kentucky [I], Maine [I], Maryland [I], Massachusetts [I], Michigan [I], New Hampshire [I], New York [I], Pennsylvania [I], Vermont [I], Virginia [I], Washington [I], West Virginia [I], Wisconsin [I])
10 grb swe 11 AUT bgm CZE ger HUN LIE lux net POL SLO SWI 12 ADO FRA SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO ITA KOS NMA ROM SLV SRB TUE 14 BLR est KRY lat lit MLD RUS UKR 30 SIB 32 KAZ 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 TUR 35 SAU 36 CHI 50 aus 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 78 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops altaicus DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 524 (1838)
= Echinops cirsiifolius (K.Koch) Grossh.
= Echinops erevanensis Mulk.
= Echinops giganteus DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 524 (1838)
= Echinops horridus Link; Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 367 (1822)
= Echinops macedonicus Formánek; Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn 32: 166 (1894)
= Echinops major St.-Lag.; Étude Fl., éd. 8 [A. Cariot], 2: 412 (1889)
= Echinops maximus Siev. ex Pall.; Neueste B. Nord. Beytr. Phys. Geogr. Erd- Volkerbeschreib. 3: 323 (1796)
= Echinops multiflorus Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 2: 2 (1779)
= Echinops paniculatus J.Jacq.; Ecl. Pl. Rar., t. 9 (1811)
= Echinops ritro Gueldenst. ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 2: 655 (1845), nom. illeg.
= Echinops rochelianus var. cirsiifolius K.Koch
= Echinops sphaerocephalus f. albidus Hegi; 809 (1928)
= Echinops sphaerocephalus f. microcephalus A.T.Szabó; Ind. Sem, Not. Bot., Cluj, 1970: 68 (1971)
= Echinops strigosus M.Bieb.; Tabl. Prov. Mer Casp. 211 (1798)
= Echinops tauricus Willd. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 538 (1840)
= Echinops villosus DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 524 (1838)
= Echinopus sphaerocephalus (L.) Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 2: 121 (1771), orth. var.
= Sphaerocephalus multiflorus (Lam.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
variant :
var. koelzii
(Rech.f.) Parsa; Flore de l´Iran (Publ. Univ. Teheran 1777) 10: 76 (1980)
Distribution: Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan)
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops koelzii Rech.f.; Anz. Österr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 89: 259 (1951)
subspecies :
subsp. albidus
(Boiss. & Spruner) Maire & Petitm.; Bull. Séances Soc. Sci. Nancy, Sér. 3, 9: 362 (1908)
Distribution: Italy; Croatia; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece
13 ALB BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS NMA SRB TUE
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops albidus Boiss. & Spruner; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 1, 6: 97 (1846)
= Echinops sphaerocephalus subsp. albidus (Boiss. & Spruner) Kozuharov; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71. 41 (1975), isonym
subspecies :
subsp. taygeteus
(Boiss. & Heldr.) Kozuharov; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71. 41 (1975)
Distribution: S-Greece (mountains of Peloponnisos)
13 GRC
Remarks: probably only a high altitude variety
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops taygeteus Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 1, 6: 98 (1846)
species :
Echinops spiniger
Iljin; Fl. Turkm. 7: 379 (1960)
Distribution: Turkmenistan
32 TKM
species :
Echinops spinosissimus
Turra; Farset. Nov. Gen. 13 (1765)
subspecies :
subsp. spinosissimus
Name: Drüsenhaarige Kugeldistel (DE); Spiny Globe-thistle (EN)
Distribution: European Turkey; Greece (Ionian Isl., Korfu, Kithira, widespread Kiklades, very rare on mainland); Crete; Egypt (Eastern Desert, Great Southwestern Desert, NE-Egypt, NW-coastal Egypt, SE-Egypt); N-Chad (Tibesti); East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (W-Iran); Cyprus (C-Mountains, N-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, C-Syrian Desert, Jazira, Jbel Druze, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (Rift Valley, N-Israel); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai, S-Sinai); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, NE-Saudi Arabia, N-Saudi Arabia, Hejaz, Midyan, Asir, Nejd Desert); Oman (Dhofar, Mascat & Oman); Yemen (coastal Hadhramaut, Inner Hadhramaut, N-Inner Yemen, SW-Yemen, W-Yemen)
13 GRC KRI TUE 20 EGY 24 CHA 34 CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR LEB SIN SYR TUR 35 OMA SAU YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops bicolor Nábelek; Spisy Prír. Fak. Masarykovy Univ. 52: 28 (1925)
= Echinops connatus K.Koch; Linnaea 24: 380 (1851)
= Echinops creticus Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 1, 10: 87 (1849)
= Echinops freynianus Bornm.; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 89: 351 (1944)
= Echinops glandulosus E.Weiss; Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 18: 433 (1868)
= Echinops macrochaetus Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 1, 10: 85 (1849)
= Echinops sphaerocephalus Sm.; Sibth. & Sm., Fl. Graec. 9: t. 923 (1839), nom. illeg.
= Echinops spinosissimus Freyn; Bull. Herb. Boiss. 3: 354 (1895)
= Echinops spinosus d´Urv.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 374 (1822), nom. illeg.
= Echinops spinosus L.; Mant. Pl. 119 (1767), nom. nov. illeg.
= Echinops syriacus Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 10: 84 (1849)
= Echinops viscosus DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 525 (1838) non Schrad. ex Rchb.
= Echinops viscosus subsp. glandulosus (E.Weiss) Rech.f.; Fl. Aegaea 641 (1943)
= Sphaerocephalus spinosus (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
= Sphaerocephalus viscosus (DC.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
subspecies :
subsp. bithynicus
(Boiss.) Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)
Name: Bithynische Kugeldistel (DE); Bithynian Globe-thistle (EN)
Distribution: European Turkey; Greece (incl. Kiklades); Crete; East Aegaean Isl. (incl. Rhodos); Turkey; Iran; Cyprus
13 GRC KRI TUE 34 CYP EAI IRN TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops bithynicus Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 1, 6: 100 (1846)
= Echinops spinosissimum subsp. bithynicus (Boiss.) Kozuharov; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 41 (1975), comb. inval.
= Echinops viscosus subsp. bithynicus (Boiss.) Rech.f.; Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 105(1): 641 (1944)
subspecies :
subsp. macrolepis
(Boiss.) Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)
Distribution: Lebanon; Syria; Israel; Jordania
34 ISR JOR LEB SYR
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops viscosus subsp. macrolepis (Boiss.) Feinbrun; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 35(2): 244 (1977)
= Echinops viscosus var. macrolepis Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] Suppl. 304 (1888)
subspecies :
subsp. neumayeri
(Vis.) Kozuharov; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 41 (1975)
Distribution: Croatia; Albania
13 ALB CRO
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops neumayeri Vis.; Fl. Slovenia (Dalmatia). 2: 25, t. 10. ter. (1847)
subspecies :
subsp. spinosus
Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)
Distribution: Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Morocco; Western Sahara; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt; Mauritania; Cameroon; Chad; Sinai peninsula
13 PEL 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN WSA 22 MTN 23 CMN 24 CHA 34 SIN
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops chaetocephalus Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 272 (1875), as ´choetocephalus´
= Echinops echinophorus Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 10: 87 (1849)
= Echinops spinosissimus subsp. chaetocephalus (Batt.) Sennen & Mauricio; (1933)
= Echinops spinosus var. chaetocephalus Batt.
= Echinops tunetanus Vahl ex Vitman; Summa Pl. 5: 175 (1791)
species :
Echinops strigosus
L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 815 (1753)
Name: Striegelhaarige Kratzdistel
Distribution: Portugal; Spain; Italy; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia
12 POR SPA 13 ITA 20 ALG MOR TUN
Synonyms: hidden
= Psectra strigosa (L.) Tomsovic; Preslia 69(1): 33 (1997)
= Sphaerocephalus strigosus (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
species :
Echinops subglaber
Schrenk; Bull. Cl. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 3: 110 (1845)
Distribution: Kazakhstan
32 KAZ
species :
Echinops sulaimanii
Rech.f.; Candollea 29(1): 126 (1974)
Distribution: Pakistan
40 PAK
species :
Echinops sylvicola
C.Shih; Bull. Bot. Lab. N.-E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 5: 68, photo. 2 (1979)
Distribution: China (Xinjiang)
36 CHI
species :
Echinops szovitsii
Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 525 (1838)
Distribution: Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan)
33 ARM AZE
Synonyms: hidden
= Sphaerocephalus szowitsii (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
species :
Echinops taeckholmianus
Amin; Candollea 42: 41 1, f. 2 (1987)
Distribution: Egypt (Nile Delta)
20 EGY
species :
Echinops taftanicus
Mozaff. & Ghahr.; Pakistan J. Bot. 34(1): 23 (2002)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Echinops talassicus
Golosk.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Bot. Acad. Nauk Kazakhsk. S.S.R. 3: 52 (1965)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; China (Xinjiang)
32 KAZ KGZ 36 CHI
species :
Echinops tataricus
Knjaz.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 49: 133 (2018)
Distribution: E-European Russia
14 RUS
species :
Echinops tenuisectus
Rech.f.; Anz. Österr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 101: 16 (1964)
Distribution: Iraq (NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Iran (W-Iran)
34 IRN IRQ
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops disfulensis Bornm.; Danish Sci. Invest. Iran 4: 22 (1945)
= Echinops tenerrimus Bornm.; Danish Sci. Invest. Iran 4: 20 (1945)
species :
Echinops tjanschanicus
Bobrov; Fl. URSS 27: 714-715 (1962)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Tajikistan; China (Xinjiang)
32 KAZ TZK 36 CHI
species :
Echinops tournefortii
Ledeb. ex Trautv.; Diss. Echin. Gen. 21, f. 7 (1833)
Distribution: Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran)
33 AZE 34 IRN TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Sphaerocephalus tournefortii (Ledeb. ex Trautv.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
species :
Echinops transcaspicus
Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 36: 11227 (1918)
Distribution: Turkmenistan; Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Faryab)
32 TKM TZK 34 AFG
species :
Echinops transcaucasicus
Iljin; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 4: 104 (1923)
Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey
33 ARM AZE GEO 34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinops iljinii Mulk.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 18: 291 (1957)
= Echinops karabachensis Mulk.; Proc. Acad. Sci. Armen. SSR 12(1): 27 (1950), reimpr.
= Echinops pungens var. transcaucasicus (Iljin) Hedge; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 33(3): 430 (1975)
= Echinops sevanensis Mulk.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 18: 294 (1957)
species :
Echinops transiliensis
Golosk.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Bot. Acad. Nauk Kazakhsk. S.S.R. 3: 49 (1965)
Distribution: Kazakhstan
32 KAZ
species :
Echinops tricholepis
Schrenk; Enum. Pl. 1: 47 (1841)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; China (NW-Xinjiang)
32 KAZ 36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Sphaerocephalus tricholepis (Schrenk) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
species :
Echinops tschimganicus
B.Fedtsch.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 122 (1911)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan
32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB
species :
Echinops vaginatus
Boiss. & Hausskn.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 437 (1875)
Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Sphaerocephalus vaginatus (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
species :
Echinops villosissimus
Bunge; Bull. Acad. Sci. Petersb. 6: 406 (1863)
Distribution: Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts.); Afghanistan (Herat)
34 AFG IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Sphaerocephalus villosissimus (Bunge) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891)
species :
Echinops viridifolius
Iljin; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 4: 103 (1923)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus
33 NCS
species :
Echinops viscidulus
Mozaff.; Iran. J. Bot. 11(2): 228 (2006)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Echinops wakhanicus
Rech.f.; Candollea 29(1): 127 (1974)
Distribution: Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Badakshan, Wakhan, Bamyan, Parwan)
32 TZK 34 AFG
species :
Echinops yemenicus
Kit Tan; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 32(2): 118 (1995)
Distribution: N-Yemen
35 YEM
species :
Echinops ×pellenzianus
Hügin & W.Lohmeyer; Willdenowia 23(1-2): 85 (1993)
Distribution: Germany (Rheinland-Pfalz); etc.
11 GER
Remarks: Echinops exaltatus x sphaerocephalus
