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Ver. 19.3
June 16th, 2024

404.0000 Family Cactaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl.: 310 (1789), nom. cons.
133 genera, ca. 1700-1800 spp. There has been excessive splitting, leading to over 3000 species in some collectors view. The phylogeny is still somewhat in flux, but is getting more stabilized now. It should be good practice in the future that each ´new species´ description is confirmed by molecular genetics, not only by morphology.
Species listed in database: 1783; hybrids: 77
= Cereaceae DC. & Spreng.(transl.Jameson); Elem. Philos. Pl.: 142 (1821)
= Nopaleaceae Schmid & Curtman; Pflanzenr. 2: 135 (1856)
= Opuntiaceae Desv.; S. Gérardin de Mirecourt & N. A. Desvaux, Dict. Rais. Bot.: 52, 385 (1817)
404.5301 Genus Copiapoa Britton & Rose; The Cactaceae 3: 85 (1922)
Distribution: coastal N-Chile. The taxonomy is extremely confused by different species concepts.
Species listed in database: 31
= Pilocopiapoa Ritter; Kakt. and. Sukk. 13: 20 (1961)
species :
Copiapoa ahremephiana N.P.Taylor & G.J.Charles; Cactac. Syst. Init. 13:15 (2002)
Distribution: Chile (Antofagasta)
85 CLE
species :
Copiapoa algarrobensis Katt.; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 90(2): 103 (2018)
Distribution: Chile
85 CLE
Remarks: provisionally accepted name, status not confirmed by molecular data
species :
Copiapoa angustiflora Helmut Walter, G.J.Charles & Mächler; CactusWorld 24(4): 188 (2006)
Distribution: Chile (Antofagasta)
85 CLE
Remarks: provisionally accepted name, status not confirmed by molecular data
species :
Copiapoa boliviana (Pfeiff.) F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamer. 3: 1089 (1980)
Name: Atacameno
Distribution: Chile (Antofagasta)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Copiapoa atacamensis Middled.; Chileans, 11(37): 21 (1979 publ.1980)
= Copiapoa calderiana subsp. atacamensis (Middled.) D.R.Hunt; Cactac. Syst. Init. 13: 12 (2002), isonym
= Copiapoa calderiana subsp. atacamensis (Middled.) Doweld; Sukkulenty 4(1-2): 55 (2001 publ. 2002)
= Echinocactus bolivianus Pfeiff.; Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 2: t. 14 (1846)
species :
Copiapoa calderana F.Ritter; Cactus, Paris 14: No. 65, 197 (1959)
Distribution: Chile (Atacama)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Copiapoa atacamensis var. calderana (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm.; Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 98 (1989), contrary to Art. 57 ICBN (1988).
= Copiapoa calderana var. spinosior F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamer. 3: 1082 (1980), without exact type
= Copiapoa lembckei Backeb.; Cact. Handb. Kakteenk. 3: (1922 publ. 1959)
species :
Copiapoa cinerascens (Salm-Dyck) Britton & Rose; Cactaceae 3: 88 (1922)
Name: Erizo gris
Distribution: Chile (Antofagasta, Atacama)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Chilenia ambigua (Hildm. ex K.Schum.) Backeb.; Kakteenkunde 1939: 82 (1939)
= Copiapoa applanata Backeb.; Cact. Handb. Kakteenk. 3: (1913 publ. 1959), nom. illeg.
= Copiapoa cinerascens var. intermedia F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamer. 3: 1084 (1980) (nom. nov.)
= Copiapoa copiapensis (Pfeiff.) Mereg.; Piante Grasse 11(4): 22 (1991 publ. 1992), contrary to Art. 34.1 ICBN (1988)
= Echinocactus ambiguus Hildm. ex K.Schum.; Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 311 (1898)
= Echinocactus cinerascens Salm-Dyck; Otto & A. Dietr., Allg. Gartenz. 13: 387 (1845)
= Echinocactus copiapensis Pfeiff.; Abbild. Cacteen 2: sub t. 14 (1847)
= Hildmannia ambigua (Hildm. ex K.Schum.) Kreuz. & Buining; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 50: 206 (1941)
= Neochilenia ambigua (Hildm. ex K.Schum.) Y.Itô; Expl. Diagr.: 276 (1957)
= Neoporteria ambigua (Hildm. ex K.Schum.) Backeb.; Backeb. & Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 259 (1936)
= Sulcorebutia ambigua (Hildm. ex K.Schum.) F.H.Brandt; Frankfurter Kakteenf. 3: 9 (1976), contrary to Art. 33 ICBN.
= Weingartia ambigua (Hildm. ex K.Schum.) Backeb.; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 23: 86 (1951)
species :
Copiapoa cinerea (Phil.) Britton & Rose; Cactaceae 3: 86 (1922)
Name: Copiapoa de Phil.
Distribution: Chile (Antofagasta)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Copiapoa cinerea var. albispina F.Ritter; Taxon 12: 30 (1963)
= Echinocactus cinereus Phil.; Fl. Atacam. 23 (1860)
variant :
var. columna-alba (F.Ritter) Backeb.; Cact. 6: 3820 (1962)
Distribution: Chile (Antofagasta, Atacama)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Copiapoa cinerea subsp. columna-alba (F.Ritter) D.R.Hunt; Cactac. Syst. Init. 13: 13 (2002), isonym
= Copiapoa cinerea subsp. columna-alba (F.Ritter) Doweld; Sukkulenty 4(1-2): 48 (2001 publ. 2002)
= Copiapoa cinerea subsp. columna-alba (F.Ritter) Mereg.; Piante Grasse 11(4): 20 (1991 publ. 1992), contrary to Arts. 24.1, 32.1 ICBN (1988))
= Copiapoa cinerea var. flavescens Backeb.; (1959)
= Copiapoa columna-alba F.Ritter; Cactus, Paris 14: No. 65, 199 (1959)
= Copiapoa columna-alba var. nuda F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamer. 3: 1095 (1980)
= Copiapoa melanohystrix F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamer. 3: 1096 (1980)
species :
Copiapoa coquimbana (Karw.) Britton & Rose; Cactaceae 3: 87 (1922)
Name: Coquimbano
Distribution: Chile (Atacama, Coquimbo)
85 CLE
Remarks: C. armata and C. pendulina are sometimes kept separate
Synonyms: hidden
= Cereus pepinianus Lem. ex Salm-Dyck; Otto & A. Dietr., Allg. Gartenz. 13: 354 (1845)
= Copiapoa alticostata F.Ritter; Taxon 12: 29 (1963)
= Copiapoa armata (F.Ritter) Helmut Walter & Larridon; Amer. J. Bot. 102(9): 1517 (2015)
= Copiapoa coquimbana (Rümpler) F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamer. 3: 1074 (1980) (isonym)
= Copiapoa coquimbana subsp. andina I.Schaub & Keim; Cactus & Co. 13(1): 13 (2009)
= Copiapoa coquimbana subsp. pendulina (F.Ritter) Doweld; Sukkulenty 4(1-2): 55 (2001 publ. 2002)
= Copiapoa coquimbana subsp. pseudocoquimbana (F.Ritter) Doweld; Sukkulenty 4(1-2): 55 (2001 publ. 2002)
= Copiapoa coquimbana subsp. rubispina Piombetti; Xerophilia 4(3): 76 (2015)
= Copiapoa coquimbana subsp. wagenknechtii (F.Ritter) M.H.J.van der Meer; Cact. Phantast. 2022(1)-1: 2 (2022)
= Copiapoa coquimbana var. alticostata (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm.; Cactaceas en la flora silvestre de Chile: 108 (1989)
= Copiapoa coquimbana var. armata F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamer. 3: 1075 (1980), species illeg., homonym
= Copiapoa coquimbana var. pendulina (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm.; Cactaceas en la flora silvestre de Chile: 108 (1989)
= Copiapoa coquimbana var. pseudocoquimbana (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm.; Cactaceas en la flora silvestre de Chile: 108 (1989)
= Copiapoa coquimbana var. wagenknechtii F.Ritter; Taxon 12: 30 (1963)
= Copiapoa neocoquimbana var. wagenknechtii (F.Ritter) Y.Itô; The Cactaceae: 369 (1981)
= Copiapoa neocoquimbana Y.Itô; The Cactaceae: 368 (1981) (nom. nov., without full repl. syn. ref.)
= Copiapoa pendulina F.Ritter; Cactus, Paris 14: No. 63, 134 (1959)
= Copiapoa pepiniana (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Backeb.; Backeb. & Knuth, Kaktus-ABC, 281 (1935)
= Copiapoa pseudocoquimbana F.Ritter; Taxon 12: 30 (1963)
= Copiapoa pseudocoquimbana var. chaniarensis F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamer. 3: 1077 (1980)
= Copiapoa pseudocoquimbana var. domeykoensis F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamer. 3: 1077 (1980)
= Copiapoa pseudocoquimbana var. vulgata F.Ritter; Taxon 12: 30 (1963)
= Copiapoa serenana M.Voldan; Kakt. u. a. Sukk. 27(8): 185 (1976)
= Copiapoa wagenknechtii F.Ritter ex Backeb.; (1959)
= Echinocactus coquimbanus Karw. ex Rümpler; Förster & Rümpler, Handb. Kakteenk., ed. 2: 601 (1885)
= Neoporteria pepiniana (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Borg; Cacti (Borg): 215 (1937)
species :
Copiapoa corralensis I.Schaub & Keim; Cact. Explor. 16: 48 (2016)
Distribution: Chile
85 CLE
Remarks: provisionally accepted name, status not confirmed by molecular data
species :
Copiapoa decorticans N.P.Taylor & G.J.Charles; Cactac. Syst. Init. 13:15 (2002)
Distribution: Chile (Antofagasta)
85 CLE
species :
Copiapoa echinoides (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Britton & Rose; Cactaceae 3: 88 (1922)
Name: Duro
Distribution: Chile (Antofagasta, Atacama)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Copiapoa bridgesii (Pfeiff.) Backeb.; Cact. Handb. Kakteenk. 3: (1909 publ. 1959)
= Copiapoa cuprea F.Ritter; Cactus, Paris 14: No. 63, 136 (1959)
= Copiapoa dura F.Ritter; Cactus, Paris 14: No. 63, 137 (1959), sine descr. lat., et Taxon 12: 31 (1963)
= Copiapoa echinoides subsp. cuprea (F.Ritter) M.H.J.van der Meer; Cact. Phantast. 2022(1)-1: 2 (2022)
= Copiapoa echinoides var. cuprea (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm.; Cactaceas en la flora silvestre de Chile: 116 (1989)
= Copiapoa griseoviolacea I.Schaub & Keim; Cactus & Co. 14(4): 10 (2010 publ. 2011)
= Copiapoa macracantha (Lawr.) Meregalli; Piante Grasse 11(4): 38 (1991 publ. 1992), contrary to Art. 34.1 ICBN (1988).
= Copiapoa marginata var. bridgesii (Pfeiff.) A.E.Hoffm.; Cactaceas en la flora silvestre de Chile: 124 (1989)
= Echinocactus bridgesii Pfeiff.; Abbild. Cacteen 2: t. 14 (1847)
= Echinocactus cupreatus Poselg. ex Rümpler; Förster, Handb. Kakteenk., ed. 2: 602 (1886)
= Echinocactus echinoides Lem. ex Salm-Dyck; Otto & A. Dietr., Allg. Gartenz. 13: 386 (1845)
= Echinocactus macracanthus Salm-Dyck; Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 2: 26 (1850), nom. illeg.
species :
Copiapoa fiedleriana (K.Schum.) Backeb.; Backeb. & Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 280 (1936)
Distribution: Chile (Atacama)
85 CLE
Remarks: often included as variety in C. coquimbana
Synonyms: hidden
= Copiapoa coquimbana subsp. vallenarensis (F.Ritter) Doweld; Tsukkulenty 4: 55 (2001 publ. 2002)
= Copiapoa coquimbana var. fiedleriana (K.Schum.) A.E.Hoffm.; Cactaceas en la flora silvestre de Chile: 108 (1989)
= Copiapoa coquimbana var. vallenarensis (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm.; Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 108 (1989)
= Copiapoa echinata f. pulla F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamer. 3: 1081 (1980)
= Copiapoa echinata F.Ritter; Cactus (Paris) 14(63): 133 (1959)
= Copiapoa echinata var. borealis Ritter; (1959)
= Copiapoa echinata var. pulla F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamer. 3: 1081 (1980)
= Copiapoa intermedia F.Ritter ex Backeb.; (1962)
= Copiapoa megarhiza subsp. echinata (F.Ritter) Doweld; Sukkulenty 4(1-2): 55 (2001 publ. 2002)
= Copiapoa megarhiza subsp. echinata (F.Ritter) G.J.Charles; Cactac. Syst. Init. 21:11 (2006)
= Copiapoa megarhiza var. echinata (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm.; Cactaceas en la flora silvestre de Chile: 126 (1989)
= Copiapoa pepiniana var. fiedleriana (K.Schum.) Backeb.; Cact.: Handb. Kakteenk. 3: (1919 publ. 1959)
= Copiapoa vallenarensis F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamer. 3: 1077 (1980)
= Echinocactus fiedlerianus K.Schum.; Gesamtb. Kakt. Nachtr. 1: 121 (1903)
species :
Copiapoa fusca I.Schaub & Keim; Cact. Explor. 16: 42 (2016)
Distribution: Chile
85 CLE
Remarks: provisionally accepted name, status not confirmed by molecular data
species :
Copiapoa gigantea Backeb.; Jahrb. Deutsch. Kakt. Ges. 1: 104 (1936), et Blätt. Kakteenf. No. 8, p. 6 (1937)
Distribution: Chile (Antofagasta)
85 CLE
Remarks: often included as variety or subspecies in C. cinerea
Synonyms: hidden
= Copiapoa cinerea f. albispina F.Ritter; (1963)
= Copiapoa cinerea subsp. eremophila (F.Ritter) Doweld; Sukkulenty 4(1-2): 49 (2001 publ. 2002)
= Copiapoa cinerea subsp. gigantea (Backeb.) Mereg.; Piante Grasse 11(4): 19 (1991 publ. 1992), contrary to Art. 24.1, 32.1 ICBN (1988)
= Copiapoa cinerea subsp. gigantea (Backeb.) Slaba; Kaktusy (Brno), 33(special): 3 (1997)
= Copiapoa cinerea subsp. haseltoniana (Backeb.) N.P.Taylor; Cact. Consens. Init. 3: 8 (1997)
= Copiapoa cinerea var. eremophila (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm.; Cactaceas en la flora silvestre de Chile: 106 (1989)
= Copiapoa cinerea var. gigantea (Backeb.) N.P.Taylor; Bradleya 5: 92 (1987)
= Copiapoa cinerea var. haseltoniana (Backeb.) N.P.Taylor; Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit., 43(2-3): 53 (1981)
= Copiapoa cinerea var. tenebrosa (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm.; Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 106 (1989)
= Copiapoa cinerea var. tenebrosa (F.Ritter) Slaba; Kaktusy (Brno), 33(special): 3 (1997), isonym
= Copiapoa eremophila F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamer. 3: 1104 (1980)
= Copiapoa gigantea subsp. haseltoniana (Backeb.) Doweld; Sukkulenty 4(1-2): 49 (2001 publ. 2002)
= Copiapoa gigantea var. haseltoniana (Backeb.) F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamer. 3: 1101 (1980)
= Copiapoa haseltoniana Backeb.; Descr. Cact. Nov. 33 (1957)
= Copiapoa tenebrosa F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamer. 3: 1098 (1980)
species :
Copiapoa grandiflora F.Ritter; Taxon 12: 30 (1963)
Distribution: Chile (Antofagasta, Atacama)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Copiapoa cinerascens var. grandiflora (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm.; Cactaceas en la flora silvestre de Chile: 100 (1989)
= Copiapoa montana subsp. grandiflora (F.Ritter) N.P.Taylor; Cact. Consens. Init. 3: 8 (1997)
= Copiapoa superba I.Schaub & Keim; Cactus & Co. 16: 18 (2012)
species :
Copiapoa hoffmanniana Pumarino & Blando; Piante Grasse 42(4): 145 (2022)
Distribution: Chile (Atacama)
85 CLE
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
species :
Copiapoa humilis (Phil.) Hutchison; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 25: 34 (1953)
Name: Humildito
Distribution: Chile (Antofagasta)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Copiapoa australis (Hoxey) Helmut Walter & Larridon; Amer. J. Bot. 102(9): 1516 (2015)
= Copiapoa humilis subsp. australis Hoxey; Brit. Cact. Succ. J. 22(1): 39 (2004)
= Copiapoa humilis var. paposoensis (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm.; Cactaceas en la flora silvestre de Chile: 118 (1989), basionym invalid
= Copiapoa paposoensis F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamer. 3: 1068 (1980)
= Echinocactus humilis Phil.; Fl. Atacam. 23 (1860)
variant :
var. esmeraldana (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm.; Cactaceas en la flora silvestre de Chile: 118 (1989)
Distribution: Chile (Antofagasta)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Copiapoa esmeraldana F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamer. 3: 1064 (1980)
= Copiapoa grandiflora subsp. ritteri Doweld; Tsukkulenty 4: 55 (2001 publ. 2002)
variant :
var. longispina (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm.; Cactaceas en la flora silvestre de Chile: 118 (1989)
Distribution: Chile (Atacama)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Copiapoa humilis subsp. longispina (F.Ritter) Doweld; Sukkulenty 4(1-2): 49 (2001 publ. 2002)
= Copiapoa longispina F.Ritter; Taxon 12: 31 (1963)
variant :
var. matancillensis (I.Schaub & Keim) comb.ined.
Distribution: Chile
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Copiapoa humilis subsp. matancillensis I.Schaub & Keim; Cactus & Co. 20(1): 15 (2016)
variant :
var. taltalensis (Werderm.) A.E.Hoffm.; Cactaceas en la flora silvestre de Chile: 118 (1989)
Name: Quisco del Desierto
Distribution: Chile (Antofagasta: La Cachina, Taltal, Cifuncho)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Copiapoa aphanes Mächler & Helmut Walter; Kakt. u. a. Sukk. 56(4): 101 (2005)
= Copiapoa chaniaralensis F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamer. 3: 1063 (1980)
= Copiapoa humilis subsp. taltalensis (Werderm.) Doweld; Sukkulenty 4(1-2): 49 (2001 publ. 2002)
= Copiapoa taltalensis (Werderm.) Looser; Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat. 33: 614 (1929)
= Echinocactus taltalensis Werderm.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 10: 763 (1929)
variant :
var. tenuissima (F.Ritter) G.J.Charles; Brit. Cact. Succ. J. 16(1): 15 (1998)
Distribution: Chile (Antofagasta)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Copiapoa humilis subsp. tenuissima (F.Ritter ex D.R.Hunt) D.R.Hunt; Cactac. Syst. Init. 16: 6 (2003)
= Copiapoa hypogaea subsp. tenuissima F.Ritter ex D.R.Hunt; Cactac. Syst. Init. 13:14 (2002)
= Copiapoa tenuissima F.Ritter; Taxon 12: 31 (1963), nom. inval.
variant :
var. tocopillana (F.Ritter) G.J.Charles; Brit. Cact. Succ. 16(1): 15 (1998)
Name: Tocopillano
Distribution: Chile (Antofagasta)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Copiapoa tocopillana F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamer. 3: 1072 (1980)
= Copiapoa humilis subsp. tocopillana (F.Ritter) Doweld; Sukkulenty 4(1-2): 49 (2001 publ. 2002)
= Copiapoa humilis subsp. tocopillana (F.Ritter) D.R.Hunt; Cactac. Syst. Init. 13:14 (2002), isonym
variant :
var. variispinata (F.Ritter) G.J.Charles; Copiapoa (Cactus File Handbook, 4) 48 (1998)
Distribution: Chile (Antofagasta)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Copiapoa variispinata F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamer. 3: 1070 (1980)
= Copiapoa humilis subsp. variispinata (F.Ritter) D.R.Hunt; Cactac. Syst. Init. 13:14 (2002)
species :
Copiapoa hypogaea F.Ritter; Cactus, Paris 15: No. 66, 19 (1960)
Distribution: Chile (Antofagasta, Atacama)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Copiapoa hypogaea subsp. cobrensis Doweld; Sukkulenty 4(1-2): 49 (2001 publ. 2002)
= Copiapoa hypogaea var. barquitensis F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamer. 3: 1086 (1980)
= Neochilenia hypogaea Backeb.; Cact.: Handb. Kakteenk. 3: 1830 (1959), anglice
= Pilocopiapoa hypogaea (F.Ritter) Y.Itô; Cactaceae: 650 (1981), without basionym ref.
variant :
var. montana (F.Ritter) G.J.Charles; Brit. Cact. Succ. J. 16(1): 15 (1998)
Name: Bajotierra
Distribution: Chile (Antofagasta: Chanaral to Puerto Viejo)
85 CLE
Remarks: sometimes treated as full species
Synonyms: hidden
= Copiapoa mollicula F.Ritter; Taxon 12: 30 (1963)
= Copiapoa montana F.Ritter; Cactus, Paris 15: No. 66, 21 (1960)
= Copiapoa montana F.Ritter ex Doweld; Sukkulenty 4(1-2): 49 (2001 publ. 2002)
= Copiapoa montana subsp. olivana (F.Ritter) Doweld; Sukkulenty 4(1-2): 49 (2001 publ. 2002)
= Copiapoa olivana F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamer. 3: 1088 (1980)
= Copiapoa rarissima F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamer. 3: 1088 (1980)
species :
Copiapoa krainziana F.Ritter; Taxon 12: 30 (1963)
Name: Chascon
Distribution: Chile (Antofagasta: Taltal)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Copiapoa cinerea subsp. krainziana (F.Ritter) Slaba; Kaktusy (Brno), 33(special): 3 (1997)
= Copiapoa cinerea var. krainziana (F.Ritter) G.J.Charles; Brit. Cact. Succ. J. 16(1): 15 (1998)
= Copiapoa krainziana F.Ritter ex Backeb.; Cact. Handb. Kakteenk. 3: (1911 publ. 1959) (sine descr. lat.)
= Copiapoa krainziana var. scopulina F.Ritter; Taxon 12: 31 (1963)
species :
Copiapoa laui Diers; Kakt. u. a. Sukk. 31(12): 365 (1980)
Distribution: Chile (Antofagasta, Atacama: Esmeralda, Pan de Azucar National Park)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Copiapoa hypogaea subsp. laui (Diers) G.J.Charles; Cactac. Syst. Init. 21:10 (2006)
= Copiapoa hypogaea var. laui (Diers) A.E.Hoffm.; Cactaceas en la flora silvestre de Chile: 120 (1989)
species :
Copiapoa leonensis I.Schaub & Keim; Cactus & Co. 10(2): 124 (2006)
Distribution: Chile (Atacama)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Copiapoa megarhiza subsp. parvula Mächler & Helmut Walter; Kakt. u. a. Sukk. 56: 297 (2005)
species :
Copiapoa longistaminea F.Ritter; Taxon 12: 31 (1963)
Name: Copiapoa de Adriana
Distribution: Chile (Antofagasta)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Copiapoa calderana subsp. longistaminea (F.Ritter) N.P.Taylor; Cact. Consens. Init. 6: 15 (1998)
= Copiapoa cinerea subsp. longistaminea (F.Ritter) Mereg.; Piante Grasse 11(4): 19 (1991 publ. 1992)
= Copiapoa cinerea var. longistaminea (F.Ritter) G.J.Charles; Brit. Cact. Succ. J. 16(1): 15 (1998), isonym
= Copiapoa cinerea var. longistaminea (F.Ritter) Slaba; Kaktusy (Brno), 33(special): 3 (1997)
= Copiapoa longistaminea subsp. imperialis Piombetti; Xerophilia 4(3): 78 (2015)
species :
Copiapoa malletiana (Cels ex Salm-Dyck) Backeb.; Backeb. & Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 280 (1936)
Name: Copiapoa de Carrizal
Distribution: Chile (Atacama)
85 CLE
Remarks: often treated under the name C. dealbata
Synonyms: hidden
= Copiapoa carrizalensis F.Ritter; Cactus, Paris 14: No. 63, 139 (1959)
= Copiapoa carrizalensis var. gigantea F.Ritter; Taxon 12: 29 (1963)
= Copiapoa cinerea subsp. dealbata (F.Ritter) Slaba; Kaktusy (Brno), 33(special): 3 (1997)
= Copiapoa cinerea var. dealbata (F.Ritter) Backeb.; Cact. 6: 3823 (1962)
= Copiapoa dealbata f. gigantea (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm.; Cactaceas en la flora silvestre de Chile: 112 (1989)
= Copiapoa dealbata F.Ritter; Cactus, Paris 14: No. 63, 137 (1959)
= Copiapoa dealbata var. carrizalensis (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm.; Cactaceas en la flora silvestre de Chile: 112 (1989)
= Echinocactus malletianus Cels ex Salm-Dyck; Allg. Gartenzeitung 13: 387 (1845)
species :
Copiapoa marginata (Salm-Dyck) Britton & Rose; Cactaceae 3: 86 (1922)
Distribution: Chile (Atacama)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Copiapoa marginata subsp. robustispina Doweld; Sukkulenty 4(1-2): 49 (2001 publ. 2002)
= Copiapoa streptocaulon (Hook.) F.Ritter; Kakt. & Sukkulent. 12: 6 (1961), cum descr. emend.
= Copiapoa streptocaulon (Hook.) Oosten; Succulenta (Netherl.) 22: 16 (1940)
= Echinocactus columnaris Pfeiff.; Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 2: t. 14 (1846)
= Echinocactus marginatus Salm-Dyck; Otto & A. Dietr., Allg. Gartenz. 13: 386 (1845)
= Echinocactus melanochnus Cels ex Labour.; Monogr. Cact.: 174 (1853)
= Echinocactus streptocaulon Hook.; Bot. Mag. 77: t. 4562 (1851)
species :
Copiapoa megarhiza Britton & Rose; Cactaceae 3: 89 (1922)
Distribution: Chile (Atacama)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Copiapoa brunnescens Backeb.; Cact. Handb. Kakteenk. 3: (1901 publ. 1959). nomen prov., sine descr. lat.
= Copiapoa megarhiza var. microrhiza F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamer. 3: 1081 (1980)
= Copiapoa totoralensis F.Ritter; Cactus, Paris 15: No. 66, 23 (1960)
species :
Copiapoa rupestris F.Ritter; Taxon 12: 31 (1963)
Distribution: Chile (Antofagasta)
85 CLE
Remarks: C. desertorum is sometimes kept separate
Synonyms: hidden
= Copiapoa desertorum F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamer. 3: 1060 (1980)
= Copiapoa desertorum var. hornilloensis (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm.; Cactaceas en la flora silvestre de Chile: 114 (1989)
= Copiapoa desertorum var. rubriflora (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm.; Cactaceas en la flora silvestre de Chile: 114 (1989), contrary to Art. 57 ICBN (1988)
= Copiapoa desertorum var. rupestris (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm.; Cactaceas en la flora silvestre de Chile: 114 (1989), contrary to Art. 57 ICBN (1988)
= Copiapoa hornilloensis F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamer. 3: 1060 (1980)
= Copiapoa rubriflora F.Ritter; Taxon 12: 31 (1963)
= Copiapoa rupestris subsp. desertorum (F.Ritter) D.R.Hunt; Cactac. Syst. Init. 13: 15 (2002)
= Copiapoa rupestris subsp. hornilloensis (F.Ritter) Doweld; Sukkulenty 4(1-2): 55 (2001 publ. 2002)
= Copiapoa rupestris subsp. rubriflora (F.Ritter) Doweld; Sukkulenty 4(1-2): 55 (2001 publ. 2002)
= Copiapoa taltalensis subsp. desertorum (F.Ritter) G.J.Charles; Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile ed. 2: 164 (2004)
species :
Copiapoa sarcoana I.Schaub & Keim; Cactus & Co. 16(2): 6 (2012)
Distribution: Chile (Atacama)
85 CLE
Remarks: provisionally accepted name, possibly a synonym of C. coquimbana
species :
Copiapoa saxifraga Blando & Pumarino; CactusWorld 41(4): 297 (2023)
Distribution: Chile (Atacama)
85 CLE
Remarks: provisionally accepted name, status not confirmed by molecular data
species :
Copiapoa schulziana I.Schaub & Keim; Cactus & Co. 13(1): 18 (2009)
Distribution: Chile (Atacama)
85 CLE
Remarks: provisionally accepted name, status not confirmed by molecular data
species :
Copiapoa serpentisulcata F.Ritter; Cactus, Paris 15: No. 66, 22 (1960)
Name: Cacto de la Serpiente
Distribution: Chile (Atacama: Chanaral)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Copiapoa serpentisulcata var. castanea F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamer. 3: 1093 (1980)
species :
Copiapoa solaris (F.Ritter) F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamer. 3: 1047 (1980)
Name: Cacto Solar
Distribution: Chile (Antofagasta)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Copiapoa conglomerata (Phil.) Lembcke; Kakt. u. a. Sukk. 17: 29 (1966)
= Copiapoa ferox Lembcke & Backeb.; Backeb. Cact. Handb. Kakteenk. 3: (1922 publ. 1959)
= Echinocactus conglomeratus Phil.; Fl. Atacam.: 23 (1860)
= Pilocopiapoa solaris F.Ritter; Kakt. & Sukkulent. 12: 20 (1961)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 19.3 (June 16th, 2024)

Covering 355,120 accepted species,
8,650 hybrids, 47,763 accepted infraspecific taxa and 997,061 synonyms,
in total 1,408,594* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life