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406.0000 Family Cactaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 310 (1789), nom. cons.
133 genera, ca. 1700-1800 spp. There has been excessive splitting, leading to over 3000 species in some collectors view. The phylogeny is still somewhat in flux, but is getting more stabilized now. It should be good practice in the future that each ´new species´ description is confirmed by molecular genetics, not only by morphology.
Species listed in database: 1798; hybrids: 78
= Cereaceae DC. & Spreng.(transl.Jameson); Elem. Philos. Pl. 142 (1821)
= Mammillariaceae D.L.Fu; Amer. J. Agric. Forest. 12(5): 352 (2024)
= Nopaleaceae E.Schmid & Curtman; Pflanzenr. 2: 135 (1856)
= Opuntiaceae Desv.; Dict. Rais. Bot. 52, 385 (1817)
406.3304 Genus Consolea Lem.; Rev. Hort. (Paris), Sér. 4, 11: 174 (1862)
Distribution: Caribbean, Florida, Bahamas. Status uncertain, possibly derived from hybridization between Opuntia s. str. and other genera.
Species listed in database: 9
species :
Consolea corallicola Small; Addisonia 15: 25 (1930)
Name: Semaphore Cactus
Distribution: USA (Florida: Key Largo, Big Pine Key)
78 USA
Remarks: status uncertain, often included in C. macracantha
Conservation Status: near extinction
Synonyms: hidden
= Consolea spinosissima subsp. corallicola (Small) Guiggi; Cactology 3: 18 (2012)
= Consolea millspaughii subsp. corallicola (Small) Majure; Willdenowia 51(2): 264 (2021)
= Opuntia corallicola (Small) Werderm.; Neue Kakteen 66 (1931)
species :
Consolea falcata (Ekman & Werderm.) F.M.Knuth; Kaktus-ABC [Backeberg & Knuth] 146 (1936)
Distribution: Hispaniola (Haiti)
81 HIS
Remarks: status uncertain, often included in C. macracantha
Synonyms: hidden
= Opuntia falcata Ekman & Werderm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 29: 228 (1931)
species :
Consolea intermedia Hoxey & Gdaniec; Caribbean J. Sci. 53(2): 127 (2023)
Distribution: Hispaniola (Dominican Republic)
81 HIS
species :
Consolea macracantha (Griseb.) A.Berger; Entwicklungslin. Kakt. 94 (1926)
Distribution: Mozambique Channel Isl. [Îles Éparses] [I] (Juan de Nova Isl. [I]); Mauritius [I] (Tromelin Isl. [I]); Bahamas; Cuba; Cayman Isl.; Hispaniola (Dominican Republic, NW-Haiti); Navassa Isl.
29 mau 81 BAH CAY CUB HIS NAV
Synonyms: hidden
= Consolea macracantha subsp. nashii (Britton) Guiggi; Cactology 1: 23 (2007)
= Consolea millspaughii (Britton) A.Berger; Entwicklungslin. Kakt. 94 (1926)
= Consolea millspaughii subsp. caymanensis Areces; Brittonia 53(1): 100 (2001)
= Consolea nashii (Britton) A.Berger; Entwicklungslin. Kakt. 94 (1926)
= Consolea nashii subsp. gibarensis Areces; Brittonia 48(2): 231 (1996)
= Consolea spinosissima subsp. millspaughii (Britton) Guiggi; Cactology 1: 23 (2007)
= Opuntia macracantha Griseb.; Cat. Pl. Cub. [Grisebach] 116 (1866)
= Opuntia millspaughii Britton; Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 50: 513 (1998)
= Opuntia nashii Britton; Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 3: 446 (1905)
= Opuntia nashii subsp. gibarensis (Areces) Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 3(1): 21 (1999)
species :
Consolea moniliformis (L.) A.Berger; Entwicklungslin. Kakt. 94 (1926)
subspecies :
subsp. moniliformis
Name: Alpargata (Dominican Republic), Cactier patte de tortue, Patte tortue, Raquette pangnole, Raquette espagnole (Haiti)
Distribution: Hispaniola (Dominican Republic, Haiti); Puerto Rico (Mona and Desecheo Isl.)
81 HIS PUE
Synonyms: hidden
= Airampoa panellana (Backeb.) Doweld; Turczaninowia 5: 30 (2002)
= Cactus ferox Willd.; Enum. Pl. [Willdenow], Suppl. 35 (1814)
= Cactus moniliformis L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 468 (1753)
= Cactus moniliformis Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 1: 541 (1785), nom. illeg.
= Cereus moniliformis (L.) DC.; Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 60 (1828)
= Consolea ferox (Willd.) Lem.; Rev. Hort. (Paris), Sér. 4, 11: 174 (1862)
= Consolea urbaniana (Werderm.) F.M.Knuth; Kaktus-ABC [Backeberg & Knuth] 146 (1935)
= Nopalea moniliformis (L.) K.Schum.; Gesamtbeschr. Kakt. 750 (1898)
= Opuntia armata var. panellana Backeb.; Descr. Cact. Nov. [Backeberg] 1: 9 (1956 publ. 1957)
= Opuntia dolabriformis Pfeiff.; Enum. Diagn. Cact. 167 (1837)
= Opuntia ferox Haw.; Suppl. Pl. Succ. 82 (1819)
= Opuntia moniliformis (L.) Haw. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 221 (1841)
= Opuntia panellana (Backeb.) Backeb.; Cactaceae [Backeberg] 6: 3619 (1962)
= Opuntia urbaniana Werderm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 29: 229 (1931)
= xOpulea urbaniana (Werderm.) Y.Encarn. & Majure; Haseltonia 30(1): 90 (2023)
subspecies :
subsp. guantanamana Areces; Brittonia 48(2): 225 (1996)
Distribution: Cuba
81 CUB
Synonyms: hidden
= Opuntia moniliformis f. guantanamana (Areces) Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 3(1): 21 (1999)
species :
Consolea picardae (Urb.) Areces; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 72: 42 (2000)
Distribution: Dominican Republic; Haiti
81 HIS
Remarks: often included in C. macracantha
Synonyms: hidden
= Consolea microcarpa (K.Schum.) E.F.Anderson; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 71(6): 324 (1999), nom. illeg.
= Opuntia microcarpa K.Schum.; Gesamtbeschr. Kakt. 714 (1898), nom. illeg.
= Opuntia picardae Urb.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 35 (1919)
species :
Consolea rubescens (Salm-Dyck ex DC.) Lem.; Rev. Hort. (Paris), Sér. 4, 11: 174 (1862)
Name: Raquette arborescente, Signpost cactus (Lesser Antilles), Tuna de petate, Tuna de yagua
Distribution: Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda); St. Martin/St. Maarten; St. Barthélémy; St. Kitts; Antigua; Barbuda; Montserrat; Guadeloupe
81 ABA GDL MTS PUE SBA STK STM VIR
Synonyms: hidden
= Consolea catocantha (Pfeiff.) Lem.; Rev. Hort. (Paris) 11: 174 (1862)
= Consolea guanicana (K.Schum.) F.M.Knuth; Kaktus-ABC [Backeberg & Knuth] 146 (1935)
= Consolea moniliformis subsp. rubescens (Salm-Dyck ex DC.) Guiggi; Cactology 1: 23 (2007)
= Opuntia catocantha Pfeiff.; Enum. Diagn. Cact. 166 (1837)
= Opuntia guanicana K.Schum. ex Gürke; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 18: 180 (1908)
= Opuntia rubescens Salm-Dyck ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 3: 474 (1828)
= Opuntia spinosissima K.Schum.; Gesamtbeschr. Kakt. 12: 705 (1898)
species :
Consolea spinosissima (Mill.) Lem.; Rev. Hort. (Paris) 11: 174 (1862)
Name: Cactier, Raquette (Haiti), Prickly pear tree (Jamaica)
Distribution: Cayman Isl.; Jamaica; Navassa Isl.
81 CAY JAM NAV
Synonyms: hidden
= Cactus spinosissimus (Mill.) Martyn; Cat. Hort. Bot. Cantabrig. 88 (1771)
= Opuntia cruciata Pfeiff.; Enum. Diagn. Cact. 167 (1837)
= Opuntia spinosissima (Martyn) Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 8 (1768)
species :
Consolea testudinis-crus (F.A.C.Weber) Mottram & Hoxey; Cactician 13: 73 (2020)
Distribution: Haiti
81 HIS
Remarks: status uncertain, often included in C. moniliformis
Synonyms: hidden
= Opuntia haitiensis Britton; Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 50: 513 (1908)
= Opuntia testudinis-crus F.A.C.Weber; Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 10: 389 (1904)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
in total 1,416,144* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

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Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

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With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

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