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Ver. 24.12
December 15th, 2024

456.0000 Family Caprifoliaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. 210 (1789), nom. cons.
32-37 genera, ca. 1100 spp. Phylogeny see Lee et al. 2021
Species listed in database: 1080; hybrids: 34
= Diervillaceae Pyck; A. Backlund & N. Pyck, Taxon 47: 658 (1998)
= Dipsacaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. 194 (1789), nom. cons.
= Linnaeaceae Backlund; A. Backlund & N. Pyck, Taxon 47: 658 (1998)
= Loniceraceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 272, 296 (1818)
= Loniceropsida Brongn.; Enum. Pl. Mus. Paris: xvii, 47 (1843)
= Morinaceae Raf.; Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 6: 88 (1820)
= Scabiosaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 563 (1820)
= Triplostegiaceae A.E.Bobrov ex Airy Shaw; Kew Bull. 18: 269 (1965)
= Valerianaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 227 (1802) nom. cons.
456.5005 Genus Centranthus Neck. ex Lam. & DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck] 4: 238 (1805)
Distribution: Europe, Mediterranean, Crimea and Caucasus (3). The genus is sometimes included in a Valeriana sensu latissimo, which seems too much lumping. A split of Valeriana into several genera would make more sense.
Species listed in database: 12; hybrids: 2
= Kentranthus Neck.; Elem. 1: 122 (1790), nom. inval.
= Hybidium Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n. s. 16: 399 (1868)
species :
Centranthus amazonum Fridl. & A.Raynal; Adansonia, Sér. 3, 20(2): 328 (1998)
Distribution: Sardinia
12 SAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Centranthus nervosus Moris; Elench. Sard. 2: 4 (1828) (tentative synonym)
= Valeriana amazonum (Fridl. & A.Raynal) Christenh. & Byng; Global Fl. 1(4): 147 (2018)
species :
Centranthus angustifolius (Mill.) DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 239 (1805)
Name: Schmalblättrige Spornblume
Distribution: NW-Switzerland; S- & E-France; N- & C-Italy
11 SWI 12 FRA 13 ITA
Synonyms: hidden
= Centranthus ruber subsp. angustifolius (DC.) Batt.; Batt. & Trab., Fl. Algérie, Dicot. 403 (1889)
= Centranthus ruber subsp. angustifolius (Mill.) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France 144 (1894)
= Ocymastrum angustifolium (Mill.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 303 (1891)
= Valeriana angustifolia Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8, no. 4 (1768)
= Valeriana monandra Vill.; Hist. Pl. Dauphiné [Villars] 2: 280 (1787)
species :
Centranthus battandieri Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afr. Nord 17: 115 (1926)
Distribution: Morocco; Algeria
20 ALG MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Centranthus angustifolius subsp. battandieri (Maire) Maire; Jahand. & Maire, Cat. Pl. Maroc 3: 725 (1934)
= Centranthus nevadensis subsp. battandieri (Maire) Fern.Casas & Molero; Treb. Inst. Bot. Barcelona 11: 30 (1987)
= Valeriana battandieri (Maire) Christenh. & Byng; Global Fl. 1(4): 147 (2018)
species :
Centranthus calcitrapae (L.) Dufr.; Hist. Nat. Méd. Fam. Valér. 39 (1811)
subspecies :
subsp. calcitrapae
Name: Fußangel-Spornblume (DE); Lagrimas de Virgen (ES), Annual Valerian (EN)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Portugal; Spain; Gibraltar; Baleares; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Croatia; Greece (Attiki, Evvoia, Sporades, C- & E-Peloponnisos, widespread Kiklades); Crete; European Russia; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Azores (Sao Jorge, Pico); Madeira (Madeira Isl.); Canary Isl. (Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma Isl.); East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus)
11 ger 12 BAL COR FRA GIB POR SAR SPA 13 CRO GRC ITA KRI PEL PTL SIC 14 KRY RUS 20 ALG LBY MOR TUN 21 AZO CNY MDR 34 CYP EAI TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Centranthus calcitrapae subsp. clausonis (Pomel) Sennen & Mauricio; Cat. Fl. Rif Orient. 54 (1933)
= Centranthus calcitrapae subsp. gutierrezii (Pau) T.Romero & E.Rico; Ruizia 8: 274 (1989)
= Centranthus calcitrapae subsp. trichocarpus I.Richardson; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 232 (1976)
= Centranthus calcitrapae var. clausonis (Pomel) Batt.; Fl. Algerie [Batt. & Trab.] Dicot. 403 (1889)
= Centranthus calcitrapae var. gutierrezii Pau; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 3: 292 (1904)
= Centranthus calcitrapae var. intermedius Rouy & E.G.Camus; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 82 (1903)
= Centranthus calcitrapae var. parviflorus (Miégev.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 82 (1903)
= Centranthus calcitrapae var. pumila DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 6: 491 (1815)
= Centranthus calcitrapae var. trichocarpus (I.Richardson) O.Bolòs & Vigo ex Fanlo; B. Valdés, S. Talavera & E. Fernández-Galiano (eds.), Fl. Vasc. Andalucía Occid. 2: 601 (1987)
= Centranthus clausonis Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 73 (1874)
= Centranthus macrosiphon var. micranthus Willk.; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 5 (1865)
= Centranthus pinnatifidus St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 122 (1880)
= Hybidium calcitrapa (L.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n. s. 16: 399 (1868)
= Kentranthus calcitrapa (L.) Druce; List Brit. Pl. 34 (1908)
= Ocymastrum calcitrapa (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 302 (1891)
= Rittera calcitrapae (L.) Raf.; Autik. Bot. 88 (1840)
= Valeriana annua Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 478 (1821 publ. 1822)
= Valeriana calcitrapae L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 31 (1753)
= Valeriana laciniata Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 56 (1796), nom. superfl.
= Valeriana parviflora Miégev.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 14: 145 (1867)
= Valeriana rotundifolia Sm.; Sibth. & Sm., Fl. Graec. 1: t. 31 (1806), nom. illeg.
= Valeriana stevenii Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 2: 436 (1844)
subspecies :
subsp. orbiculatus (Sm.) Meikle; Fl. Cyprus 2: 838, 1897 (1985)
Distribution: Cyprus
34 CYP
Synonyms: hidden
= Centranthus calcitrapae var. orbiculatus (Sm.) DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 632 (1830)
= Centranthus orbiculatus (Sm.) Dufr.; Hist. Nat. Valér. 39 (1811)
= Centranthus orbiculatus (Sm.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 1: 35 (1817), isonym
= Valeriana orbiculata Sm.; Sibth. & Sm., Fl. Graec. Prodr. [Sibthorp] 1: 21 (1806)
species :
Centranthus lecoqii Jord.; Pug. Pl. Nov. 76 (1852)
Distribution: Germany [I]; N-, SE- & E-Spain; Andorra; S-France
11 ger 12 ADO FRA SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Centranthus angustifolius proles lecoqii (Jord.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 80 (1903)
= Centranthus angustifolius subvar. dertosensis O.Bolòs & Vigo; Fl. Països Catalans 3: 624 (1995)
= Centranthus angustifolius subsp. lecoqii (Jord.) Mateo & Figuerola; Fl. Analit. Prov. Valencia (IAM Investig. 14): 368 (1987)
= Centranthus angustifolius subsp. longicalcaratus Pau; Not. Bot. Fl. Españ. 2: 97 (1889)
= Centranthus angustifolius var. lecoqii (Jord.) Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 5 (1865)
= Centranthus angustifolius var. longecalcaratus Pau; Not. Bot. Fl. Españ. 2: 27 (1888)
= Centranthus lecoqii var. longicalcaratus (Pau) J.López & Devesa; Acta Bot. Malac. 28: 205 (2003)
= Valeriana lecoquii (Jord.) Christenh. & Byng; Global Fl. 1(4): 148 (2018)
species :
Centranthus longiflorus Steven; Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 7: 272 (1829)
subspecies :
subsp. longiflorus
Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (Nachichevan); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon)
33 ARM AZE GEO 34 IRQ LEB TUR
Remarks: ruber agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Centranthus angustifolius M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 67 (1808), nom. illeg.
= Centranthus elatus Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 10: 73 (1849)
= Centranthus longiflorus var. latifolius Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 3: 92 (1875)
= Ocymastrum longiflorum (Steven) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 303 (1891)
= Valeriana angustifolia M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 24 (1808)
= Valeriana erotica Christenh. & Byng; Global Fl. 1(4): 148 (2018), nom. nov. for Centranthus longiflorus Steven
subspecies :
subsp. junceus (Boiss. & Heldr.) I.Richardson; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 228 (1976)
Distribution: Albania; Greece (mountains of NW-, C-Greece, Peloponnisos, Mt. Olimbos)
13 ALB GRC
Synonyms: hidden
= Centranthus junceus Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 10: 73 (1849)
= Centranthus ruber subsp. junceus (Boiss. & Heldr.) Maire & Petitm.; Bull. Soc. Sci. Nancy, Sér. 3, 9: 350 (1908)
= Ocymastrum junceum (Boiss. & Heldr.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 303 (1891)
= Valeriana juncea (Boiss. & Heldr.) Christenh. & Byng; Global Fl. 1(4): 148 (2018)
subspecies :
subsp. kellereri (Stoj., Stef. & Georgiev) I.Richardson; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 227 (1976)
Distribution: W-Bulgaria
13 BUL
Synonyms: hidden
= Centranthus kellereri (Stoj., Stef. & T.Georgiev) Stoj. & Stef.; Fl. Bulg., ed. 3: 1090 (1948), as ´Kentranthus´
= Centranthus longiflorus var. kellereri Stoj., Stef. & Georgiev; Ber. Bulg. Bot. Ges. 11: 37 (1928)
= Valeriana kellereri (Stoj., Stef. & T.Georgiev) Christenh. & Byng; Global Fl. 1(4): 148 (2018)
species :
Centranthus macrosiphon Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1(3): 57 (1843)
Distribution: Germany [I]; S- & SE-Spain; Italy [I]; Greece [I]; Morocco; Algeria; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I])
11 ger 12 SPA 13 grc ita 20 ALG MOR 50 aus
Synonyms: hidden
= Centranthus cadevallii Sennen; Treb. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 1917: 83 (1917)
= Centranthus dasycarpus Kunze; Del. Sem. Hort. Lips. (1847)
= Centranthus macrosiphon var. andalusii Fanlo; Lagascalia 14: 6 (1986), without type.
= Ocymastrum macrosiphon (Boiss.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 303 (1891)
= Valeriana cadevallii (Sennen) Christenh. & Byng; Global Fl. 4: 147 (2018)
= Valeriana macrosiphon (Boiss.) Vilm.; Fl. Pl. Terre, ed. I. 916 (1863)
species :
Centranthus nevadensis Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 3(2): 120 (1856)
subspecies :
subsp. nevadensis
Distribution: S-Spain; Morocco (Rif)
12 SPA 20 MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Centranthus angustifolius Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 1: 291 (1840), nom. illeg.
= Centranthus angustifolius subsp. nevadensis (Boiss.) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 22: 294 (1931)
= Centranthus angustifolius subsp. rifanus Emb. & Maire; Mem. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 17: 51 (1927)
= Centranthus angustifolius var. rifanus (Emb. & Maire) Maire; Jahand. et al., Cat. Pl. Maroc 3: 725 (1934)
= Centranthus nevadensis subsp. nevadensis (Boiss.) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 22: 294 (1931)
= Centranthus nevadensis var. rifanus (Emb. & Maire) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 3: 725 (1934)
= Ocymastrum nevadense (Boiss.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 303 (1891)
= Valeriana nevadensis (Boiss.) Christenh. & Byng; Global Fl. 1(4): 148 (2018)
subspecies :
subsp. atlanticus (I.Richardson) Dobignard; Index Syn. Fl. Afrique N. 5: 338 (2013)
Distribution: Morocco; Algeria
20 ALG MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Centranthus angustifolius subsp. maroccanus (Rouy) Maire; Jahand. & Maire, Cat. Pl. Maroc 3: 724 (1934)
= Centranthus angustifolius var. macrocentron Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. 17: 116 (1926)
= Centranthus angustifolius var. maroccanus (Rouy) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 17: 116 (1926)
= Centranthus lecoqii subsp. maroccanus (Rouy & E.G.Camus) I.Richardson; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 225 (1975)
= Centranthus longiflorus subsp. atlanticus I.Richardson; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71(3): 227 (1975 publ. 1976)
= Centranthus maroccanus Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 80, in adnot. (1903)
= Centranthus maroccanus var. macrocentron Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 17: 116 (1926)
= Centranthus nevadensis subsp. maroccanus (Pau) Rivas Mart., A.Asensi, Molero Mesa & F.Valle; Rivasgodaya 6: 24 (1991)
= Centranthus nevadensis subsp. maroccanus (Rouy) Dobignard; J. Bot. Soc. Bot. France 28: 24 (2004), non Pau
= Centranthus nevadensis subsp. maroccanus (Rouy) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 3: 724 (1934)
= Centranthus nevadensis var. maroccanus Pau; Iter Marocc. 1930 no. 627, in sched. (1932)
= Valeriana atlantica (I.Richardson) Christenh. & Byng; Global Fl. 1(4): 147 (2018)
= Valeriana maroccana (Rouy) Christenh. & Byng; Global Fl. 1(4): 148 (2018)
species :
Centranthus pontecorvi Bacch. & Brullo; Phytotaxa 661(3): 255 (2024)
Distribution: SW-Sardinia
12 SAR
species :
Centranthus ruber (L.) DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 4: 239 (1805)
subspecies :
subsp. ruber
Name: Rote Spornblume (DE); Red Valerian (EN)
Distribution: England [I]; Ireland [I]; Belgium [I]; Luxembourg [I]; Germany [I]; Switzerland [I]; Liechtenstein [I]; Austria [I]; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; Gibraltar; Baleares; France; Monaco; Channel Isl. [I]; Corsica; ?Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; San Marino [I]; Slovenia; Croatia; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; European Russia; Crimea [I]; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Azores [I] (Santa Maria Isl. [I], Sao Miguel Isl. [I], Terceira [I], Graciosa [I], Sao Jorge [I], Pico [I], Faial [I], Flores Isl. [I]); Madeira [I] (Madeira Isl. [I]); Canary Isl. [I] (Lanzarote [I], Fuerteventura [I], Gran Canaria [I], Tenerife [I], La Gomera [I], Hierro [I], La Palma Isl. [I]); South Africa [I] (W-Cape Prov. [I]); Uzbekistan [I]; Georgia [Caucasus]; Pakistan [I]; Java [I]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], Northern Territory [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); Lord Howe Isl. [I]; New Zealand [I]; Hawaii [I] (Maui [I]); USA [I] (Arizona [I], California [I], Oregon [I], Utah [I], Washington State [I]); Bolivia [I]; Juan Fdz. Isl. [I]
10 grb ire 11 aut bgm ger lie lux swi 12 ADO BAL cis COR FRA GIB MCO POR SPA 13 CRO ITA KOS MNT NMA SIC SLV sma SRB 14 kry RUS 20 ALG MOR TUN 21 azo cny mdr 27 saf 32 uzb 33 GEO 40 pak 42 jaw 50 aus lhi 51 nzl 63 haw 73 usa 76 usa 83 bol 85 jnf
Remarks: ruber agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Centranthus latifolius Dufr.; Hist. Nat. Valér. 38 (1811)
= Centranthus marinus Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 479 (1821 publ. 1822)
= Centranthus maritimus DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 632 (1830)
= Ocymastrum rubrum (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 303 (1891)
= Valeriana alba Mazziari; Ionios Anthologia 2: 450 (1834)
= Valeriana florida Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 55 (1796), nom. superfl.
= Valeriana hortensis Garsault; Fig. Pl. Méd., t. 608 (1764), opus utique rej.
= Valeriana rubra L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 31 (1753)
subspecies :
subsp. sibthorpii (Heldr. & Sart. ex Boiss.) Hayek; Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balcan. 2: 491 (1930)
Distribution: S-Albania; European Turkey; Greece (widespread C- & S-Greece, Kerkyra, Ionian Isl., Evvoia, rare Chalkidiki, Thasos, Samothraki, Andros, Tinos, etc.); Crete; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Chios, Ikaria, Fourni, Samos, Nisyros, Simi, Karpathos, Chalki, Rhodos); Turkey (WN-Anatolia); Cyprus (C-Mountains, N-Cyprus)
13 ALB GRC KRI TUE 34 CYP EAI TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Centranthus ruber var. sibthorpii (Heldr. & Sartori ex Boiss.) Halácsy; Consp. Fl. Graec. 1: 747 (1901)
= Centranthus ruber var. velenovskyi (Vandas) I.Richardson; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 221 (1975 publ. 1976)
= Centranthus sibthorpii Heldr. & Sart. ex Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Ser. 2, 2: 119 (1856)
= Centranthus velenovskyi Vandas; Progr. Realgymn. Köln 21 (1895)
= Ocymastrum sibthorpii (Heldr. & Sart. ex Boiss.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 303 (1891)
= Valeriana sibthorpii (Heldr. & Sartori ex Boiss.) Christenh. & Byng; Global Fl. 1(4): 149 (2018)
species :
Centranthus sieberi Heldr.; Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 40: 295 (1890)
Distribution: W-Crete (Lefka Ori)
13 KRI
Synonyms: hidden
= Centranthus nevadensis subsp. sieberi (Heldr.) I.Richardson; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71(3): 229 (1975 publ. 1976)
= Valeriana sieberi (Heldr.) Christenh. & Byng; Global Fl. 1(4): 149 (2018)
species :
Centranthus trinervis (Viv.) Bég.; Fiori & Paol., Fl. Anal. Ital. 3: 135 (1903)
Distribution: S-Corsica (near Bonifacio)
12 COR
Conservation Status: IUCN CR. Known only from a single population
Synonyms: hidden
= Ocymastrum trinerve (Viv.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 303 (1891)
= Valeriana trinervis Viv.; Fl. Libyc. Spec. 67 (1824)
species :
Centranthus ×aurigeranus Giraudias; Bull. Soc. Études Sci. Angers 19: 107 (1889 publ. 1890)
Distribution: France; etc.
12 FRA
Remarks: Centranthus lecoqii x C. ruber
Synonyms: hidden
= Centranthus ×anselmii Sennen; Diagn. Nouv. 138 (1936)
= Valeriana ×aurigerana (Giraudias) Christenh. & Byng; Global Fl. 4: 147 (2018)
species :
Centranthus ×gillotii Giraudias; Bull. Soc. Études Sci. Angers 19: 107 (1889 publ. 1890)
Distribution: France; etc.
12 FRA
Remarks: Centranthus angustifolius x C. ruber
Synonyms: hidden
= Centranthus ×intermedius (Schleich.) Rapin; Guide Bot. Vaud, ed. 2: 277 (1862)
= Valeriana rubra var. intermedia Schleich.; Cat. Pl. Helv., ed. 4: 36 (1821), nom. nud.
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 24.12 (December 15th, 2024)

Covering 355,703 accepted species,
8,716 hybrids, 47,863 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,001,068 synonyms,
in total 1,413,410* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life